Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Economic News Release
PRINT:Print
MXP MXP Program Links

U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                              USDL-20-0047
8:30 a.m. (EST) Thursday, January 16, 2020

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                       U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - DECEMBER 2019

Prices for U.S. imports advanced 0.3 percent in December, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today, after ticking up 0.1 percent the previous month. The December rise was driven by increasing fuel 
prices. U.S. export prices declined 0.2 percent in December following a 0.2-percent advance in November.

Imports

The price index for U.S. imports rose 0.3 percent in December, the largest monthly advance since the index 
increased 0.6 percent in March. Prices for imports rose 0.5 percent in 2019, after decreasing 0.9 percent in 
2018. The 12-month advance in December was the largest over-the-year increase since the index rose 0.7 
percent between November 2017 and November 2018. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel increased 2.8 percent in December following a 1.3-percent advance the 
previous month. Higher December prices for both petroleum and natural gas contributed to the overall 
increase in fuel prices. Petroleum prices rose 2.1 percent in December, after not changing in November; 
prices for natural gas advanced 19.4 percent following a 42.0-percent November jump. The price index for 
import fuel increased 19.3 percent in 2019 following a 13.1-percent drop the previous year. A 22.3-percent 
rise in petroleum prices over the past year more than offset lower natural gas prices. Despite advancing 
123.7 percent over the past quarter, prices for natural gas fell 13.3 percent in 2019.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices were unchanged in December, after edging down 0.1 
percent in November. Prices for nonfuel imports have not risen on a monthly basis since the index ticked up 
0.1 percent in February. In December, declining nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices offset 
higher prices for foods, feeds, and beverages and for finished goods. The price index for nonfuel imports 
decreased 1.4 percent in 2019 following a 0.6-percent advance the previous year. The 2019 decline was the 
first calendar-year drop since the index fell 3.4 percent in 2015. Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and 
materials; finished goods; and foods, feeds, and beverages all decreased in 2019. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
declined 0.1 percent in December, after not changing in November. The December drop was led by a 1.2-
percent decrease in unfinished metals prices.  

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in December. Capital goods prices rose 0.1 percent, 
after a 0.3-percent drop in November. Prices for automotive vehicles also ticked up 0.1 percent in December 
following the same increase the previous month. Consumer goods were unchanged, after edging down 0.1 
percent in November. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages advanced 1.1 percent following a 0.5-
percent decline the previous month. In December, rising prices for vegetables, meat, and fruit drove the 
overall increase.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month IMPORTS EXPORTS
All
imports
Fuel
imports
Nonfuel
imports
All
exports
Agri-
cultural
exports
Non-
agricultural
exports

2018

December

-1.4 -13.3 0.0 -0.6 3.8 -1.1

2019

January

0.2 4.6 -0.3 -0.6 -2.1 -0.4

February

1.0 10.2 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.7

March

0.6 7.2 -0.2 0.7 0.9 0.7

April

0.2 1.9 -0.1 0.1 -1.4 0.2

May

0.2 3.6 -0.3 -0.3 -1.1 -0.2

June

-1.1 -7.8 -0.3 -0.6 2.4 -0.9

July

0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2

August

-0.6 -4.2 -0.1 -0.6 -2.4 -0.3

September

0.1 (r)1.0 -0.1 -0.3 -1.6 -0.2

October

(r)-0.4 (r)-1.7 -0.2 (r)0.0 1.7 -0.2

November

(r)0.1 (r)1.3 -0.1 0.2 2.2 0.0

December

0.3 2.8 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Dec. 2017 to 2018

-0.9 -13.1 0.6 1.1 2.3 1.0

Dec. 2018 to 2019

0.5 19.3 -1.4 -0.7 -1.3 -0.6

Footnotes
(r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices fell 0.2 percent in December following a 0.2-percent increase in November. Lower prices 
for both nonagricultural exports and agricultural exports contributed to the decrease. Prices for overall 
exports declined 0.7 percent in 2019 following a 1.1-percent increase in 2018. The 2019 drop was the first 
calendar-year fall since the index declined 6.6 percent in 2015. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports decreased 0.1 percent in December, after increasing 
2.2 percent in November and 1.7 percent in October. In December, decreasing prices for soybeans, fruit, and 
vegetables more than offset higher meat prices. The price index for agricultural exports fell 1.3 percent over 
the past year following a 2.3-percent increase in 2018. Prior to 2019, agricultural prices had not declined for 
a calendar-year since 2016.  

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural export prices edged down 0.1 
percent in December following no change the previous month. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials, automotive vehicles, and consumer goods all contributed to the overall decline. 
Nonagricultural export prices decreased 0.6 percent in 2019, the first calendar-year decline since 2015. 
Previously, prices for nonagricultural exports rose 1.0 percent from December 2017 to December 2018. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
fell 0.3 percent in December, after ticking up 0.1 percent in November. The December decrease was driven 
by a 0.7-percent drop in chemicals prices and a 0.6-percent decline in nonferrous metals prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for export finished goods were mostly down in December. Automotive vehicle 
prices fell 0.4 percent, the largest monthly decline since a 0.5-percent drop in August 2016. The decrease 
was led by a 2.2-percent drop in the price index for engines and engine parts. The price index for consumer 
goods edged down 0.1 percent in December, after rising 0.1 percent the previous month. Prices for capital 
goods were unchanged in December.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China were unchanged in December, after 0.1-percent 
declines in each of the previous 2 months. Prices for imports from China fell 1.8 percent in 2019, and have 
not increased on a calendar-year basis since a 3.6-percent advance in 2011. The index for import prices from 
Japan fell 0.1 percent in December following a 0.1-percent increase in November. Import prices from Japan 
rose 0.4 percent in 2019, after a 1.0-percent advance the previous year. The price indexes for imports from 
Canada, Mexico, and the European Union all increased in December. Prices for imports from Canada rose 
0.6 percent and import prices from Mexico advanced 0.3 percent, both led by higher fuel prices. Import 
prices from the European Union ticked up 0.1 percent. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China increased 0.2 percent in December following a 
0.7-percent advance in November. Despite the recent increases, prices for exports to China declined 0.4 
percent in 2019, after falling 1.5 percent in 2018, the first full year the locality of destination indexes were 
published. The price index for exports to Japan was unchanged in December following a 0.1-percent 
advance in November. Export prices to the European Union were unchanged for the second consecutive 
month in December. In contrast, prices for exports to Mexico and Canada both declined in December. The 
price index for exports to Mexico fell 0.5 percent, after a 0.6-percent advance the previous month, and 
export prices to Canada decreased 0.2 percent following a 1.0-percent rise in November. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China rose 
0.2 percent in December, after a 0.8-percent advance in November. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
China increased 1.4 percent in 2019 following a 1.3-percent drop the previous year. In 2019, the increase 
resulted from import prices from China falling at a greater rate than export prices to China. The U.S terms 
of trade with Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in December following no change the previous month. The index 
for U.S. terms of trade with Canada decreased 0.8 percent in December, after edging down 0.1 percent in 
November. Higher import prices from Canada and lower export prices to Canada contributed to the 
December drop. The U.S. terms of trade with Mexico also fell 0.8 percent in December following a 1.5-
percent advance in November. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union declined 0.1 
percent for the third consecutive month in December. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 5.7 percent in December, after increasing 15.9 percent from 
August to November. The December advance was led by a 19.3-percent rise in Asian fares and a 16.1-
percent increase in Latin American/Caribbean fares. Despite the recent increase, import air passenger fares 
declined 4.7 percent in 2019. The price index for import air freight rose 1.3 percent in December and 
decreased 3.7 percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares fell 0.7 percent in December following a 3.3-percent increase in 
November. In December, decreasing European and Asian fares more than offset higher Latin 
American/Caribbean fares. The index for export air passenger fares declined 2.6 percent for the year ended 
in December. Export air freight advanced 0.8 percent in December and fell 0.6 percent in 2019.

Import and Export Price Index data for January are scheduled for release on Friday, February 14, 2020 at 
8:30 a.m. (EST).


Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2018 to December 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2019(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2019
Dec.
2019
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2018
to
Dec.
2019
Aug.
2019
to
Sept.
2019
Sept.
2019
to
Oct.
2019
Oct.
2019
to
Nov.
2019
Nov.
2019
to
Dec.
2019

All commodities

  100.000 124.6 125.0 0.5 0.1 -0.4 0.1 0.3

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  83.727 98.8 98.8 -1.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

All imports excluding petroleum

  90.194 111.8 112.0 -1.5 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.2

All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  89.656 115.7 115.7 -1.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

5.929 175.5 177.5 -1.6 -0.8 -0.3 -0.5 1.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

4.567 190.3 193.4 -2.4 -1.0 -0.3 -0.5 1.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

1.363 142.8 142.0 1.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.6

Industrial supplies & materials

1

24.292 186.1 188.2 5.9 0.7 -1.1 0.5 1.1

Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum

  14.703 154.4 155.5 -3.2 0.6 0.1 1.2 0.7

Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  13.950 173.7 173.5 -2.5 0.6 -0.7 0.0 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  8.879 166.8 166.3 -0.6 1.0 -0.8 0.2 -0.3

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum

  5.606 139.1 142.1 -6.7 -0.2 1.4 2.9 2.2

Fuels & lubricants

10

10.344 207.7 213.6 19.3 1.0 -1.7 1.3 2.8

Petroleum & petroleum products

100

9.806 223.2 227.9 22.3 0.9 -2.4 0.0 2.1

Crude

10000

6.986 227.7 234.5 31.5 0.8 -3.5 0.5 3.0

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas

101

0.537 122.0 141.9 -13.8 0.9 22.3 33.0 16.3

Gas-natural

10110

0.452 111.3 132.9 -13.3 1.5 32.0 42.0 19.4

Paper & paper base stocks

11

0.539 112.4 111.4 -10.8 -0.5 -1.5 -1.5 -0.9

Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials

12

4.530 154.2 154.8 -4.8 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.4

Selected building materials

13

1.498 142.6 143.2 -0.9 0.7 0.4 -0.3 0.4

Unfinished metals related to durable goods

14

3.840 235.0 232.2 -0.2 2.0 -1.8 0.5 -1.2

Finished metals related to durable goods

15

1.773 156.9 157.6 -1.5 0.3 -0.8 0.0 0.4

Nonmetals related to durable goods

16

1.768 113.5 113.6 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1

Capital goods

2

27.768 87.5 87.6 -1.7 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.1

Electric generating equipment

20

3.476 120.2 120.3 1.9 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery

21

21.977 79.3 79.4 -2.6 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

2.315 136.7 136.8 1.6 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

15.791 109.7 109.8 -0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

26.219 106.8 106.8 -0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured

40

12.546 123.8 123.8 0.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Durables, manufactured

41

12.406 91.1 91.0 -1.6 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods

42

1.267 116.5 116.5 -1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2018 to December 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2019(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2019
Dec.
2019
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2018
to
Dec.
2019
Aug.
2019
to
Sept.
2019
Sept.
2019
to
Oct.
2019
Oct.
2019
to
Nov.
2019
Nov.
2019
to
Dec.
2019

All commodities

  100.000 125.4 125.2 -0.7 -0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.2

Agricultural commodities

  9.751 180.4 180.2 -1.3 -1.6 1.7 2.2 -0.1

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  80.639 101.1 101.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

Nonagricultural commodities

  90.249 121.1 121.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

9.105 184.6 184.1 -0.6 -1.5 1.7 2.1 -0.3

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

8.479 182.9 182.5 -0.6 -1.7 1.8 2.4 -0.2

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

0.626 218.3 216.6 0.4 1.5 0.9 -1.0 -0.8

Industrial supplies & materials

1

31.783 152.3 152.0 -2.6 -0.5 -0.3 0.1 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  10.464 167.0 166.7 2.4 0.4 -0.8 0.4 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable

  21.319 146.0 145.6 -4.9 -0.8 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Agricultural industrial supplies & materials

10

1.242 170.2 171.3 -5.6 -1.0 1.3 1.0 0.6

Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials

  30.541 151.8 151.4 -2.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.1 -0.3

Fuels & lubricants

11

10.256 176.5 176.2 -3.6 -1.1 0.7 0.5 -0.2

Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials

12

19.319 155.9 155.5 -1.8 -0.1 -0.8 -0.1 -0.3

Selected building materials

13

0.966 117.5 116.5 -3.5 0.1 -1.1 -0.4 -0.9

Capital goods

2

36.279 110.6 110.6 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Electrical generating equipment

20

3.770 117.1 117.2 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery

21

23.707 94.6 94.5 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

8.801 182.7 182.8 2.9 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

10.219 114.1 113.7 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

12.614 110.4 110.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.1

Nondurables, manufactured

40

5.989 108.2 108.2 1.8 -0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0

Durables, manufactured

41

5.183 107.2 106.9 -0.7 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.3

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)

42

1.442 98.8 99.0 -1.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2018 to December 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2019(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2019
Dec.
2019
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2018
to
Dec.
2019
Aug.
2019
to
Sept.
2019
Sept.
2019
to
Oct.
2019
Oct.
2019
to
Nov.
2019
Nov.
2019
to
Dec.
2019

Nonmanufacturing

  9.533 109.9 113.8 19.4 0.3 -2.2 0.9 3.5

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

1.809 167.8 173.0 -6.3 -1.5 -1.0 -1.5 3.1

Crop production

111

1.434 176.3 182.4 -8.7 -1.8 -1.4 -2.2 3.5

Mining

21

7.724 104.2 107.9 27.5 0.9 -2.7 1.6 3.6

Oil and gas extraction

211

7.468 103.8 107.6 28.2 0.9 -2.8 1.7 3.7

Manufacturing

  90.186 110.6 110.6 -1.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Manufacturing, part 1

31

11.284 125.1 125.3 0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Food manufacturing

311

3.397 154.4 155.3 0.4 -0.3 0.1 0.2 0.6

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

1.158 125.6 125.6 2.9 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.0

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)

313

0.368 99.4 99.4 -0.8 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 0.0

Textile product mills

314

0.927 107.3 107.2 -1.8 -0.5 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1

Apparel manufacturing

315

3.784 112.4 112.5 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Leather and allied product manufacturing

316

1.652 123.6 123.3 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.3 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 2

32

17.538 125.1 125.0 -1.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1

Paper manufacturing

322

1.008 108.2 107.8 -7.4 -0.5 -1.2 -0.9 -0.4

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

2.586 100.4 99.4 4.2 1.5 -0.3 -1.5 -1.0

Chemical manufacturing

325

9.581 138.0 138.2 -1.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.1

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.286 119.2 119.0 -0.9 -0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

1.043 130.9 130.9 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

Manufacturing, part 3

33

61.363 103.2 103.2 -1.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing

331

4.412 155.7 154.2 -0.6 1.5 -1.8 0.6 -1.0

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

332

3.132 126.2 126.9 0.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.6

Machinery manufacturing

333

7.355 118.8 118.7 0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.1 -0.1

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

17.175 71.7 71.8 -3.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.6 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

5.192 117.3 117.4 0.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

16.790 109.0 109.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Furniture and related product manufacturing

337

1.865 115.5 115.4 -2.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

5.442 118.7 118.6 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.1

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2018 to December 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2019(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2019
Dec.
2019
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2018
to
Dec.
2019
Aug.
2019
to
Sept.
2019
Sept.
2019
to
Oct.
2019
Oct.
2019
to
Nov.
2019
Nov.
2019
to
Dec.
2019

Nonmanufacturing

  8.964 130.7 131.0 -6.9 -1.3 1.9 2.2 0.2

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

4.897 153.3 150.9 -4.6 -2.0 3.6 2.8 -1.6

Crop production

111

4.547 160.2 157.8 -5.0 -2.2 3.9 2.9 -1.5

Mining

21

4.066 81.0 82.8 -9.5 -0.6 0.0 1.5 2.2

Mining (except oil and gas)

212

1.198 104.4 103.0 -12.1 -3.4 -1.0 -3.3 -1.3

Manufacturing

  89.894 116.3 116.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 1

31

6.825 140.9 142.0 1.3 -0.8 -0.3 0.9 0.8

Food manufacturing

311

4.685 159.6 161.5 3.1 -1.1 -0.3 1.4 1.2

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

0.654 121.6 121.1 -3.7 -0.4 -0.7 0.0 -0.4

Manufacturing, part 2

32

24.930 113.2 112.3 -1.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.8

Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)

321

0.506 94.1 93.8 -7.6 -0.5 -1.0 -0.7 -0.3

Paper manufacturing

322

1.626 119.9 119.9 -10.5 -0.6 -1.4 -0.1 0.0

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

6.112 107.1 105.0 1.8 -1.4 0.9 0.1 -2.0

Chemical manufacturing

325

13.306 117.3 116.7 -1.9 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.303 117.3 117.2 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

0.849 117.6 116.9 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6

Manufacturing, part 3

33

58.139 115.2 115.1 0.8 0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing

331

4.227 152.8 152.6 6.3 1.4 -0.6 0.1 -0.1

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

332

3.034 149.1 149.3 4.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1

Machinery manufacturing

333

9.650 130.3 129.9 1.3 0.0 0.4 -0.2 -0.3

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

13.822 81.5 81.4 -1.7 0.2 -0.7 0.0 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

3.812 117.4 117.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

17.790 128.8 128.9 1.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)

337

0.399 122.5 122.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

5.406 120.4 120.1 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.2

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2018 to December 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
importance
Nov.
2019(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2019
Dec.
2019
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2018
to
Dec.
2019
Aug.
2019
to
Sept.
2019
Sept.
2019
to
Oct.
2019
Oct.
2019
to
Nov.
2019
Nov.
2019
to
Dec.
2019

Live animals; animal products

I

1.405 196.0 196.9 2.9 -0.7 -0.4 0.8 0.5

Meat and edible meat offal

02

0.392 270.2 277.1 13.5 -0.6 -0.1 3.1 2.6

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates

03

0.726 137.5 136.3 -1.7 -1.0 -0.9 -0.1 -0.9

Vegetable products

II

1.742 195.4 201.4 -8.1 -1.5 -1.5 -2.3 3.1

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers

07

0.441 470.1 503.5 -15.0 1.0 -5.2 -1.3 7.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

0.534 97.7 99.8 -11.1 -8.0 -0.2 -7.0 2.1

Coffee, tea, mate and spices

09

0.332 205.4 210.8 1.7 6.4 -1.6 2.6 2.6

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)

III

0.229 85.8 86.8 -4.3 -2.1 1.9 1.1 1.2

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

2.891 167.4 168.2 1.6 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)

18

0.229 98.7 101.4 4.8 -1.3 3.1 0.4 2.7

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants

20

0.368 171.8 171.9 -1.3 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.1

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar

22

1.108 135.9 136.0 2.8 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.1

Mineral products

V

10.347 208.3 214.0 19.2 0.9 -1.6 1.4 2.7

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

10.028 205.3 211.1 19.5 0.9 -1.7 1.4 2.8

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

8.975 156.6 157.0 -0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3

Inorganic chemicals

28

0.524 296.0 309.8 -10.0 0.7 2.0 3.4 4.7

Organic chemicals

29

2.025 126.2 126.9 -1.3 -0.3 0.6 -0.6 0.6

Pharmaceutical products

30

4.423 154.4 154.3 1.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)

31

0.254 76.5 73.8 -19.2 3.2 -5.9 -0.6 -3.5

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)

33

0.604 103.2 103.2 0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

0.579 101.9 101.9 -3.1 -0.9 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

3.490 139.8 139.7 -1.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof

39

2.331 142.4 142.3 -2.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.1

Rubber and articles thereof

40

1.159 136.8 136.7 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.1

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc

VIII

0.625 124.8 124.5 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.2

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials

42

0.598 131.6 131.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5 -0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork

IX

0.848 144.0 145.1 -2.6 1.5 0.2 -0.8 0.8

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

1.060 114.7 114.3 -6.8 -0.4 -0.9 -0.9 -0.3

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard

48

0.721 108.3 108.6 -2.9 -0.6 -0.4 -0.5 0.3

Textile and textile articles

XI

4.900 114.1 114.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted

61

1.991 105.0 105.3 0.7 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.3

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted

62

1.650 120.7 120.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

Made-up or worn textile articles

63

0.639 101.5 101.4 -2.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.

XII

1.376 123.0 122.6 -0.3 -0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.3

Footwear and parts of such articles

64

1.143 122.0 121.7 -0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.956 132.3 132.3 0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0

Ceramic products

69

0.268 135.7 135.8 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

2.962 192.6 192.7 11.7 3.4 -0.7 1.1 0.1

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

5.707 170.0 169.3 -5.3 -0.2 -1.3 -0.4 -0.4

Iron and steel

72

1.250 200.7 198.7 -12.9 -0.7 -3.7 -2.2 -1.0

Articles of iron or steel

73

1.696 146.7 147.6 -2.1 -0.3 -1.0 -0.5 0.6

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.431 269.9 270.8 -5.1 -0.8 -0.7 2.7 0.3

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

0.980 127.6 127.9 -5.3 -0.9 -1.0 1.5 0.2

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof

82

0.442 122.9 122.9 -0.9 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal

83

0.515 134.6 134.5 -2.0 0.1 -1.0 0.0 -0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

29.990 78.8 78.8 -1.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

14.795 84.3 84.2 -2.8 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts

85

15.195 73.5 73.6 -0.8 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

13.976 113.3 113.4 -0.7 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

12.795 112.4 112.5 -0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)

88

1.068 113.1 113.2 -1.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

4.003 101.5 101.5 -0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments

90

3.731 98.0 98.1 -0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.1

Clocks and watches and parts thereof

91

0.210 142.1 142.1 0.5 0.2 -0.6 -0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

4.442 111.3 111.4 -1.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs

94

2.782 116.9 117.1 -1.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

1.392 102.3 102.3 -1.2 0.0 -0.2 0.7 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

96

0.268 126.5 126.5 -2.8 0.0 -1.7 0.0 0.0

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2018 to December 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2019(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2019
Dec.
2019
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2018
to
Dec.
2019
Aug.
2019
to
Sept.
2019
Sept.
2019
to
Oct.
2019
Oct.
2019
to
Nov.
2019
Nov.
2019
to
Dec.
2019

Live animals; animal products

I

1.991 215.3 217.8 4.7 -1.7 -0.8 1.5 1.2

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)

02

1.156 165.9 169.8 5.1 -4.0 -2.4 3.2 2.4

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)

03

0.410 120.3 119.4 0.1 1.8 1.1 -1.5 -0.7

Vegetable products

II

4.600 198.7 195.1 -5.5 -2.3 3.5 3.1 -1.8

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

1.016 141.7 140.2 2.8 4.1 -1.4 2.1 -1.1

Cereals

10

1.386 194.8 193.5 -0.6 -8.6 7.0 2.5 -0.7

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder

12

1.763 195.6 190.2 0.8 -0.8 4.0 2.9 -2.8

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

3.067 155.4 156.2 2.8 -1.0 1.2 0.7 0.5

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)

21

0.582 100.2 100.6 5.7 -0.1 0.9 0.6 0.4

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)

22

0.565 112.7 111.2 6.4 -3.1 6.8 -1.8 -1.3

Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed

23

0.702 214.9 221.9 -0.6 -2.8 -0.9 3.7 3.3

Mineral products

V

10.356 212.6 212.2 -3.4 -0.8 0.2 0.7 -0.2

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)

26

0.418 100.1 96.3 -0.7 0.2 0.1 1.5 -3.8

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

9.738 203.8 203.6 -3.6 -0.9 0.2 0.7 -0.1

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

10.878 137.2 137.0 -1.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1

Inorganic chemicals

28

0.736 147.0 146.7 1.9 -0.4 -0.7 -0.8 -0.2

Organic chemicals

29

2.517 137.6 137.2 -6.7 -1.1 -0.8 -1.1 -0.3

Pharmaceutical products

30

3.102 107.7 107.7 1.6 -0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.0

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)

32

0.560 105.7 104.7 3.6 -2.2 1.2 -0.1 -0.9

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations

33

0.854 130.3 130.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.1

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes

34

0.499 125.0 125.1 2.5 0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.1

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

1.987 155.9 156.1 0.1 0.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

5.154 141.2 140.3 -2.4 -0.8 -0.6 0.0 -0.6

Plastics and articles thereof

39

4.277 138.1 137.2 -2.4 -0.9 -0.7 0.1 -0.7

Rubber and articles thereof

40

0.877 153.0 152.0 -1.9 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 -0.7

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)

IX

0.603 92.1 91.2 -7.9 -1.5 -1.4 -0.8 -1.0

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

1.816 118.7 119.1 -12.0 -0.8 -1.9 -0.3 0.3

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard

48

1.080 124.5 124.3 -5.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.2 -0.2

Textile and textile articles

XI

1.705 118.7 119.2 -4.6 -0.1 0.7 0.5 0.4

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof

52

0.472 115.0 116.9 -10.9 0.6 3.1 2.0 1.7

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.825 127.3 126.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.3

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

4.546 262.3 261.2 10.4 1.5 -0.4 0.2 -0.4

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

4.616 154.9 155.5 -2.6 -1.0 -1.3 0.8 0.4

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.470 174.2 174.3 -5.2 0.2 -1.6 2.2 0.1

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

0.671 98.5 98.3 -9.2 -2.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Miscellaneous articles of base metal

83

0.337 154.1 154.1 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

28.138 97.4 97.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.2

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

16.374 115.7 115.4 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof

85

11.764 77.7 77.7 -0.9 0.0 -0.5 0.0 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

13.841 137.1 137.1 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

8.360 116.2 116.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

5.963 110.6 110.5 1.4 0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

1.380 112.6 112.8 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.2

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;

94

0.770 130.6 130.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

0.458 88.3 88.8 1.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.6

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: December 2018 to December 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2019(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2019
Dec.
2019
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2018
to
Dec.
2019
Aug.
2019
to
Sept.
2019
Sept.
2019
to
Oct.
2019
Oct.
2019
to
Nov.
2019
Nov.
2019
to
Dec.
2019

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 126.9 127.3 6.4 0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.3

Nonmanufacturing

10.875 183.5 189.5 86.1 1.4 -2.1 2.5 3.3

Manufacturing

88.658 121.6 121.6 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0

Canada

100.000 138.9 139.8 17.0 0.4 -1.0 1.0 0.6

Nonmanufacturing

29.963 179.9 185.9 98.8 1.5 -2.4 2.6 3.3

Manufacturing

69.309 129.8 129.0 -0.9 0.1 -0.4 0.4 -0.6

European Union

100.000 137.0 137.1 0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing

98.777 133.5 133.5 0.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.0

France (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 127.7 127.5 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.2

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 112.5 113.0 1.0 0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.4

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 122.3 122.4 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Latin America(3)

100.000 144.4 144.9 -2.0 0.1 -1.0 -0.7 0.3

Nonmanufacturing

16.244 244.6 252.7 2.3 0.1 -1.8 -1.6 3.3

Manufacturing

83.488 118.7 118.5 -2.7 0.1 -0.8 -0.5 -0.2

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 125.7 126.1 -2.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.9 0.3

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

7.771 125.7 131.1 -8.4 -1.6 1.2 -6.5 4.3

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

91.979 87.0 87.0 -1.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.5 0.0

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)

100.000 97.6 97.6 -1.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0

China (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 98.1 98.1 -1.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Japan

100.000 97.0 96.9 0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)

100.000 98.5 98.5 -1.5 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.0

Asian NICs(5)

100.000 86.8 86.5 -2.1 -0.6 -0.5 0.0 -0.3

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)

100.000 97.0 97.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.2

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)

100.000 174.8 177.6 0.2 0.5 -3.1 1.6 1.6

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
(5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.
(6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
(7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: December 2018 to December 2019 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2019(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2019
Dec.
2019
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2018
to
Dec.
2019
Aug.
2019
to
Sept.
2019
Sept.
2019
to
Oct.
2019
Oct.
2019
to
Nov.
2019
Nov.
2019
to
Dec.
2019

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 103.3 103.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing

8.356 107.9 107.7 -11.1 -0.4 1.3 3.3 -0.2

Manufacturing

90.495 103.1 103.0 0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Canada

100.000 105.1 104.9 -2.1 -0.1 0.2 1.0 -0.2

European Union

100.000 104.7 104.7 1.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Nonmanufacturing

7.039 102.0 103.4 -1.4 -2.3 1.2 0.6 1.4

Manufacturing

91.993 105.0 104.9 1.5 0.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

Germany

100.000 104.5 104.8 3.5 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.3

Latin America(3)

100.000 100.6 100.4 -1.3 -0.5 0.3 0.3 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing

7.134 106.1 106.6 -7.7 -3.2 3.9 1.7 0.5

Manufacturing

92.436 100.2 99.9 -0.9 -0.3 0.0 0.2 -0.3

Mexico

100.000 100.4 99.9 -1.7 -0.5 0.1 0.6 -0.5

Nonmanufacturing

6.210 100.0 97.3 -15.8 -2.6 3.9 2.2 -2.7

Manufacturing

93.293 100.4 100.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.1 0.5 -0.3

Pacific Rim(4)

100.000 99.4 99.3 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 -0.6 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing

14.070 96.8 96.7 1.0 -1.8 2.9 -3.2 -0.1

Manufacturing

84.210 100.6 100.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2

China

100.000 97.9 98.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.7 0.2

Nonmanufacturing

20.754 97.6 97.7 3.4 -1.4 1.5 4.1 0.1

Manufacturing

76.395 99.9 100.0 0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Japan

100.000 101.0 101.0 0.8 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0

Nonmanufacturing

18.151 100.1 101.3 1.3 -3.8 2.5 1.2 1.2

Manufacturing

80.436 100.6 100.3 0.1 0.8 0.2 -0.3 -0.3

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: December 2018 to December 2019(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Index Percent change
Nov.
2019
Dec.
2019
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2018
to
Dec.
2019
Aug.
2019
to
Sept.
2019
Sept.
2019
to
Oct.
2019
Oct.
2019
to
Nov.
2019
Nov.
2019
to
Dec.
2019

Industrialized Countries(2)

99.6 99.2 -6.1 -0.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.4

Canada

99.4 98.6 -16.3 -0.5 1.2 -0.1 -0.8

European Union

102.9 102.8 0.9 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Germany

106.9 106.7 2.4 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.2

Latin America(3)

103.7 103.2 0.7 -0.6 1.3 1.0 -0.5

Mexico

103.0 102.2 0.4 -0.3 0.3 1.5 -0.8

Pacific Rim(4)

100.2 100.1 0.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.1

China

99.9 100.1 1.4 -0.1 0.1 0.8 0.2

Japan

99.4 99.5 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1

Footnotes
(1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: December 2018 to December 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Nov.
2019(1)
Index Percent change
Nov.
2019
Dec.
2019
Annual Monthly
Dec.
2018
to
Dec.
2019
Aug.
2019
to
Sept.
2019
Sept.
2019
to
Oct.
2019
Oct.
2019
to
Nov.
2019
Nov.
2019
to
Dec.
2019

Air Freight

Import Air Freight

100.000 179.0 181.4 -3.7 -0.3 1.2 2.2 1.3

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

26.123 143.4 143.3 -3.1 -0.1 -0.2 -1.2 -0.1

Asia

60.826 170.3 173.6 -4.9 -0.6 2.2 4.0 1.9

Export Air Freight

100.000 162.5 163.8 -0.6 -1.4 0.4 -0.2 0.8

Europe (Dec. 2006=100)

32.335 151.3 152.4 2.4 -0.7 -0.1 0.6 0.7

Inbound Air Freight

100.000 163.9 165.2 -4.9 -0.6 1.1 1.3 0.8

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

27.684 131.2 131.1 -3.3 0.5 -0.1 -1.0 -0.1

Asia

57.194 152.7 154.7 -6.9 -1.3 2.0 2.6 1.3

Outbound Air Freight

100.000 146.3 147.6 1.1 -3.1 1.0 2.2 0.9

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

33.692 156.5 158.6 6.4 0.0 0.1 1.0 1.3

Asia

44.163 139.7 141.1 -2.6 -6.7 1.8 4.3 1.0

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares

100.000 178.0 188.2 -4.7 9.1 3.4 2.7 5.7

Europe

55.862 208.3 205.4 -6.5 18.9 0.2 8.0 -1.4

Asia

18.972 128.5 153.3 -2.5 -1.5 3.5 0.1 19.3

Latin America/Caribbean

6.646 159.6 185.3 4.2 -7.9 4.0 4.0 16.1

Export Air Passenger Fares

100.000 147.9 146.9 -2.6 -5.2 -2.1 3.3 -0.7

Europe

28.485 189.0 184.8 -9.7 1.1 -2.9 4.5 -2.2

Asia

27.866 131.7 129.2 -3.1 -10.3 -4.1 5.2 -1.9

Latin America/Caribbean

25.077 152.8 158.5 7.2 -6.4 -1.7 0.9 3.7

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.


Last Modified Date: January 16, 2020