U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until					USDL-25-0023
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, January 16, 2025

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


			U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - DECEMBER 2024

U.S. import prices advanced 0.1 percent in December following a 0.1-percent increase in each of the 
previous 2 months, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Higher fuel and nonfuel prices in 
December contributed to the overall rise in import prices. Prices for U.S. exports increased 0.3 percent in 
December, after being unchanged the previous month.

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports ticked up 0.1 percent for the third consecutive month in December. U.S. import 
prices have not risen by more than 0.1 percent since a 0.9-percent advance in April 2024. The price index 
for U.S. imports advanced 2.2 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year increase since the 
index rose 3.2 percent for the year ended December 2022. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: The price index for import fuel rose 1.4 percent in December, the largest monthly advance 
since the index increased 3.9 percent in April 2024. Higher prices for natural gas and petroleum contributed 
to the advance in fuel prices. Import fuel prices rose 0.3 percent over the past 12 months, the first over-the-
year increase since July 2024. Natural gas prices advanced 40.6 percent in December and 173.1 percent over 
the final quarter of 2024. Despite the increase over the past 3 months, prices for natural gas fell 5.2 percent 
for the year ended in December. Prices for import petroleum rose 0.3 percent in December, after advancing 
0.4 percent in November. Petroleum prices advanced 0.7 percent from December 2023 to December 2024, 
the first 12-month increase since July 2024. 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices ticked up 0.1 percent for the second consecutive month 
in December. Prices for nonfuel imports have not decreased on a monthly basis since a 0.2-percent drop in 
May 2024. Higher prices for foods, feeds, and beverages in December more than offset lower prices for 
nonfuel industrial supplies and materials, capital goods, and automotive vehicles. Prices for nonfuel imports 
rose 2.4 percent on a 12-month basis for the third consecutive month in December. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages increased 2.8 percent in December, 
after rising 1.4 percent the previous month. The December advance was the largest 1-month increase since a 
3.3-percent rise in January 2022. Higher prices for vegetables, fruit, and coffee led the December advance in 
foods, feeds, and beverages prices. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
decreased 0.4 percent in December, the largest monthly decline since a 0.5-percent drop in February 2024. 
Lower prices for unfinished metals and finished metals in December drove the decline in nonfuel industrial 
supplies and materials prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods import categories were mostly down in December. 
Prices for capital goods fell 0.2 percent, the largest monthly decline since March 2024. The December 
decrease was led by lower prices for industrial and service machinery and computers, peripherals, and 
semiconductors. Automotive vehicles prices declined 0.2 percent in December, the largest 1-month drop 
since March 2023. The December decrease was driven by lower prices for parts, engines, bodies, and 
chassis. The price index for import consumer goods was unchanged for the second consecutive month in 
December.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2023
December	-0.7	-8.0	0.1	-0.7	-0.3	-0.7
2024
January	0.7	1.7	0.6	0.7	-1.4	0.9
February	0.2	1.1	0.1	0.7	0.8	0.7
March	0.6	5.0	0.2	0.1	-1.0	0.3
April	0.9	3.9	0.6	0.7	-0.4	0.8
May	-0.1	0.2	-0.2	-0.7	0.3	-0.8
June	0.1	-1.7	0.2	-0.3	1.1	-0.4
July	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.5	-2.0	0.8
August	-0.3	-3.3	0.0	-0.7	-1.9	-0.6
September	-0.4	-7.2	0.2	-0.6	0.8	-0.7
October	0.1	(r)-1.1	0.2	1.0	1.9	(r)0.9
November	0.1	(r)0.9	(r)0.1	0.0	(r)0.1	(r)0.0
December	0.1	1.4	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.3
Dec. 2022 to 2023	-2.4	-16.3	-0.8	-2.9	-8.7	-2.1
Dec. 2023 to 2024	2.2	0.3	2.4	1.8	-1.2	2.2
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports advanced 0.3 percent in December, after being unchanged in November 
and increasing 1.0 percent in October. Higher prices for nonagricultural and agricultural exports each 
contributed to the December increase in U.S. export prices. Prices for U.S. exports rose 1.8 percent from 
December 2023 to December 2024, the largest 12-month advance for the index since a 2.0-percent increase 
in January 2023. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices rose 0.5 percent in December following a 0.1-percent 
advance the previous month. Higher prices for fruit, nuts, and corn in December more than offset lower 
meat prices. Despite the recent increases, prices for agricultural exports declined 1.2 percent over the past 
12 months. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 0.3 percent in December, 
after being unchanged the previous month. Higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials and automotive vehicles more than offset lower capital goods prices. Nonagricultural export prices 
increased 2.2 percent for the year ended in December, the largest 12-month rise since a 3.9-percent advance 
in December 2022.  

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
advanced 0.8 percent in December following a 0.1-percent decline in November. The December increase 
was driven by higher fuel prices. Prices for export fuel rose 3.2 percent in December, the largest 1-month 
advance since July 2024.  

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods export categories were mixed in December. The price 
index for capital goods edged down 0.1 percent following a 0.1-percent advance in November. Lower prices 
for industrial and service machinery and telecommunications equipment in December led the decline in 
capital goods prices. In contrast, prices for automotive vehicles increased 0.2 percent in December, after 
advancing 0.1 percent the previous month. The December rise was driven by higher prices for passenger 
cars. Export consumer goods prices were unchanged for the second consecutive month in December. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China were unchanged in December, after edging down 
0.1 percent the previous month. The price index for imports from China decreased 0.6 percent for the year 
ended in December. Import prices from Japan declined 0.2 percent for the second consecutive month in 
December. Prices for imports from Japan fell 0.3 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month decrease 
since August 2020. The price index for imports from the European Union declined 0.2 percent in December, 
after being unchanged in November. Despite the December drop, import prices from the European Union 
rose 1.9 percent over the past 12 months. Prices for imports from Canada and Mexico each advanced 0.7 
percent in December. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China were unchanged in December following a 
0.1-percent decline in November. Export prices to China fell 0.5 percent on a 12-month basis for the second 
consecutive month in December. The price index for exports to Japan declined 0.8 percent in December, 
after decreasing 0.4 percent the previous month. In spite of the recent declines, export prices to Japan rose 
3.1 percent for the year ended in December. The price index for exports to the European Union decreased 
0.3 percent for the second consecutive month in December. Despite the recent declines, prices for exports to 
the European Union increased 2.4 percent from December 2023 to December 2024. Export prices to Canada 
and Mexico each rose 0.3 percent in December, after falling 0.5 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively, the 
previous month. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China were 
unchanged for the second consecutive month in December. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China 
increased 0.2 percent over the past 12 months. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 0.6 percent in December, 
after declining 0.2 percent the previous month. Lower export prices to Japan in December more than offset 
lower import prices from Japan. Despite the recent drops, U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 3.4 percent 
over the past year. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union edged down 0.1 percent in 
December following a 0.4-percent decline in November. U.S. terms of trade with Canada and Mexico each 
decreased 0.4 percent in December. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 10.6 percent in December, after falling 4.8 percent the previous 
month. Higher European, Asian, and Latin American/Caribbean fares in December all contributed to the 
overall advance in import air passenger fares. The index for import air passenger fares increased over the 
past 12 months, rising 1.0 percent from December 2023 to December 2024. In contrast, import air freight 
prices decreased 0.8 percent in December following a 1.4-percent advance in November. Lower Asian air 
freight prices in December more than offset higher European air freight prices. Despite the December drop, 
prices for import air freight increased 2.0 percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares rose 0.2 percent in December, after declining 0.8 percent in November. 
Higher Latin American/Caribbean fares in December more than offset lower Asian and European fares. 
Export air passenger fares increased 1.8 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year advance 
since the index rose 4.2 percent for the year ended June 2023. The price index for export air freight fell 5.6 
percent in December, the largest monthly decline since March 2023. Export air freight prices decreased 2.1 
percent for the year ended in December. 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for January 2025 are scheduled for release on Friday, 
February 14, 2025, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
		     Upcoming Change to Data Source for Import and Export Price Indexes

With the release of the February 2025 U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes news release on March 18, 
2025, BLS import and export price indexes will greatly expand the use of data from a non-survey source. 
Administrative trade records from the U.S. Census Bureau will be used in place of survey data for certain 
goods categories. This transition to an alternative data source will not create a break in series with currently 
published price indexes. Hundreds more detailed import and export price indexes will begin publication, 
starting with a base period of January 2025 = 100. More information is available at 
www.bls.gov/mxp/notices/2024/change-data-source-import-export-price-indexes.htm. 
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for End Use categories of goods: December 2023 to December 2024 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Nov. 2024(1)	Index		Percent change
			Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Annual	Monthly
					Dec. 2023 to Dec. 2024	Aug. 2024 to Sep. 2024	Sep. 2024 to Oct. 2024	Oct. 2024 to Nov. 2024	Nov. 2024 to Dec. 2024
All commodities		100.000	141.3	141.5	2.2	-0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		84.907	109.6	109.4	1.9	0.3	0.3	0.0	-0.2
All imports excluding petroleum		92.806	125.8	126.0	2.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		92.377	129.8	129.9	2.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	7.469	228.0	234.4	9.2	0.3	-0.8	1.4	2.8
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	6.118	257.8	265.7	9.7	0.2	-1.0	1.7	3.1
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.351	155.9	158.2	7.0	1.0	0.5	-0.2	1.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	22.891	242.1	242.5	3.2	-2.0	0.4	0.2	0.2
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		15.715	206.8	207.2	4.3	0.8	1.4	0.1	0.2
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		15.256	232.8	231.9	4.8	0.9	1.2	-0.2	-0.4
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.894	230.2	228.2	6.4	1.3	1.7	0.0	-0.9
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.803	179.1	182.6	1.1	-0.1	0.8	0.3	2.0
Fuels & lubricants	10	7.623	261.8	265.4	0.3	-7.2	-1.1	0.9	1.4
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	7.194	282.8	283.7	0.7	-7.4	-1.6	0.4	0.3
Crude petroleum	10000	4.824	285.1	286.7	-0.3	-7.0	0.0	-2.2	0.6
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.277	132.9	170.5	-7.3	-4.7	16.2	17.9	28.3
Natural gas	10110	0.192	111.1	156.2	-5.2	-12.7	39.3	39.4	40.6
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.532	139.4	139.3	-0.7	-1.4	0.4	-2.2	-0.1
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.842	197.8	198.8	2.1	0.3	0.2	-0.3	0.5
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.652	340.3	334.9	7.2	1.5	3.3	-0.9	-1.6
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	2.873	242.6	239.2	9.7	1.9	1.6	0.4	-1.4
Capital goods	2	28.567	93.9	93.7	0.6	0.2	0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.622	84.6	84.4	0.5	0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.642	157.9	157.6	3.0	0.1	0.3	0.0	-0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	13.709	122.1	121.9	2.4	0.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts and engines, 2 digit (Dec. 2023=100)	30	13.709	102.5	102.3	2.3	0.1	0.3	-0.1	-0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.363	110.8	110.8	1.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.717	128.0	128.0	2.2	0.0	-0.2	0.2	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	12.722	95.2	94.9	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	0.924	117.9	120.6	-2.7	1.9	0.5	-0.9	2.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2022 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for End Use categories of goods: December 2023 to December 2024 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Nov. 2024(1)	Index		Percent change
			Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Annual	Monthly
					Dec. 2023 to Dec. 2024	Aug. 2024 to Sep. 2024	Sep. 2024 to Oct. 2024	Oct. 2024 to Nov. 2024	Nov. 2024 to Dec. 2024
All commodities		100.000	148.8	149.2	1.8	-0.6	1.0	0.0	0.3
Agricultural commodities		9.414	226.8	227.9	-1.2	0.8	1.9	0.1	0.5
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		76.469	117.5	117.2	2.6	0.3	0.6	0.1	-0.3
All exports excluding fuels (June 2022=100)		85.154	101.5	101.3	2.3	0.3	0.7	0.1	-0.2
Nonagricultural commodities		90.586	142.7	143.1	2.2	-0.7	0.9	0.0	0.3
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.685	230.7	232.0	-0.2	1.0	1.9	0.0	0.6
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.277	232.1	233.4	-0.6	1.0	1.9	-0.1	0.6
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.407	203.1	203.1	8.6	1.3	1.8	1.2	0.0
Industrial supplies & materials	1	37.845	197.5	199.0	2.9	-1.9	1.8	-0.1	0.8
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2020=100)		23.025	122.5	121.5	5.7	0.7	1.5	0.2	-0.8
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.832	231.2	228.2	8.4	0.9	2.8	0.4	-1.3
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		26.013	182.5	185.6	0.8	-3.2	1.3	-0.2	1.7
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.111	201.2	200.7	-5.7	-0.5	1.9	2.0	-0.2
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		36.734	197.5	199.0	3.3	-2.0	1.8	-0.1	0.8
Fuels & lubricants	11	14.846	218.4	225.3	-1.0	-5.7	2.3	-0.3	3.2
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	21.122	205.6	203.8	6.5	0.7	1.5	0.0	-0.9
Selected building materials	13	0.766	152.6	153.3	1.9	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.5
Capital goods	2	31.926	124.0	123.9	2.0	0.1	0.3	0.1	-0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.680	103.2	103.1	1.4	0.0	0.4	0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	5.696	221.7	221.7	4.3	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	8.774	130.3	130.5	2.7	0.0	0.5	0.1	0.2
Vehicles-passenger (Dec. 2023=100)	30	8.774	102.5	102.7	2.7	0.0	0.5	0.1	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.770	117.9	117.9	-0.8	0.3	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.778	107.9	107.8	-2.0	0.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	4.881	121.6	121.7	1.7	0.4	-0.3	0.2	0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.111	122.1	122.1	-3.9	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2022 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for NAICS industries: December 2023 to December 2024 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Nov. 2024(1)	Index		Percent change
			Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Annual	Monthly
					Dec. 2023 to Dec. 2024	Aug. 2024 to Sep. 2024	Sep. 2024 to Oct. 2024	Oct. 2024 to Nov. 2024	Nov. 2024 to Dec. 2024
Nonmanufacturing		7.742	144.6	150.8	4.9	-4.7	0.2	-0.1	4.3
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.334	250.0	269.7	17.3	0.7	-0.9	1.9	7.9
Crop production	111	1.955	263.8	288.5	18.4	0.4	-1.8	3.2	9.4
Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)	112	0.247	121.1	122.8	11.2	1.9	1.9	-7.1	1.4
Mining	21	5.408	131.3	135.0	0.2	-6.8	0.7	-1.0	2.8
Oil and gas extraction	211	5.148	128.9	132.5	-0.2	-7.1	0.7	-0.8	2.8
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2022=100)	212	0.260	118.2	120.8	9.9	0.0	0.2	-2.9	2.2
Manufacturing		91.957	123.3	123.1	1.7	0.1	0.1	0.2	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 1	31	12.020	141.0	141.8	2.9	0.1	-0.1	0.6	0.6
Food manufacturing	311	4.481	197.1	200.2	8.7	0.3	-0.4	1.6	1.6
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.180	143.4	143.8	1.6	0.4	0.1	-0.1	0.3
Textile mills (Dec. 2023=100)	313	0.325	102.5	102.1	2.1	-0.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.4
Textile product mills (Dec. 2023=100)	314	0.888	99.8	99.7	-0.3	0.0	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.497	118.8	118.8	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.878	141.7	141.4	1.1	-0.9	-0.7	0.6	-0.2
Paper manufacturing	322	0.991	120.5	120.5	-1.7	-1.9	0.2	-1.3	0.0
Printing and related support activities (Dec. 2023=100)	323	0.147	100.7	100.7	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.180	132.3	129.3	1.7	-8.8	-4.7	6.7	-2.3
Chemical manufacturing	325	11.033	150.8	150.7	0.9	0.3	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.545	131.9	131.0	0.2	0.3	-0.2	-0.2	-0.7
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.097	145.1	145.5	0.6	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.3
Manufacturing, part 3	33	61.060	114.3	113.9	1.7	0.4	0.4	-0.1	-0.3
Primary metal manufacturing	331	5.157	246.6	242.9	11.5	1.6	3.4	0.0	-1.5
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.189	146.0	145.6	-0.7	0.8	0.1	-0.3	-0.3
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.972	132.3	132.1	0.4	0.1	0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.566	72.7	72.6	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.3	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	6.191	124.2	123.8	-1.7	0.0	-0.1	-0.8	-0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	14.122	121.0	120.8	2.4	0.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.876	129.3	128.9	1.3	0.5	0.5	-0.1	-0.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.987	131.8	131.4	2.6	0.2	0.5	0.2	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2022 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for NAICS industries: December 2023 to December 2024 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Nov. 2024(1)	Index		Percent change
			Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Annual	Monthly
					Dec. 2023 to Dec. 2024	Aug. 2024 to Sep. 2024	Sep. 2024 to Oct. 2024	Oct. 2024 to Nov. 2024	Nov. 2024 to Dec. 2024
Nonmanufacturing		13.550	161.5	169.9	0.1	-2.5	2.1	-0.1	5.2
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.286	175.6	178.2	-6.7	0.8	3.4	-0.7	1.5
Crop production	111	4.141	185.2	188.8	-6.4	1.1	3.4	-0.3	1.9
Mining	21	9.263	101.6	108.6	3.4	-3.9	1.6	0.2	6.9
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	7.995	89.8	97.1	4.7	-4.7	1.8	0.6	8.1
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.269	129.4	128.6	-4.0	-0.1	0.5	-1.7	-0.6
Manufacturing		84.744	135.6	135.0	1.7	-0.3	0.7	0.0	-0.4
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.525	173.2	172.0	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.3	-0.7
Food manufacturing	311	4.776	207.4	205.3	1.7	0.8	0.6	0.5	-1.0
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.498	132.6	132.6	-7.5	0.1	0.8	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.267	132.3	131.2	-0.8	-1.7	0.8	-0.5	-0.8
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.453	126.0	126.8	8.0	-0.2	0.4	0.6	0.6
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	5.312	129.8	125.6	-8.3	-8.5	3.9	-1.4	-3.2
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.740	132.9	132.6	0.8	0.3	-0.1	-0.3	-0.2
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.261	135.6	135.7	1.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.732	131.5	131.3	-1.1	0.2	-0.1	0.2	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	52.953	133.4	133.2	3.1	0.3	0.7	0.2	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	5.183	236.1	231.2	16.2	2.1	4.7	1.1	-2.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.674	154.0	153.7	2.2	0.1	0.5	-0.1	-0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.543	82.9	82.9	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	13.557	151.5	151.8	3.5	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2023=100)	337	0.360	103.9	104.0	4.0	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.083	142.0	141.9	1.9	-0.3	0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2022 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for Harmonized categories of goods: December 2023 to December 2024 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Nov. 2024(1)	Index		Percent change
			Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Annual	Monthly
					Dec. 2023 to Dec. 2024	Aug. 2024 to Sep. 2024	Sep. 2024 to Oct. 2024	Oct. 2024 to Nov. 2024	Nov. 2024 to Dec. 2024
Live animals; animal products	I	1.514	244.5	246.6	11.1	0.9	0.2	-0.7	0.9
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.444	355.9	353.8	11.1	-0.4	-1.6	1.8	-0.6
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.711	151.5	154.7	14.0	1.3	0.9	-0.7	2.1
Vegetable products	II	2.222	268.6	283.6	8.3	-1.1	-1.0	3.4	5.6
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.618	599.7	640.4	18.4	-7.1	-12.9	16.4	6.8
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.786	128.6	132.6	0.3	-0.3	5.2	-3.5	3.1
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.463	353.5	383.0	24.3	2.1	3.8	4.8	8.3
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.463	153.8	158.3	6.5	1.5	-2.3	4.6	2.9
Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared (Dec. 2023=100)	15	0.463	103.6	106.6	6.6	1.5	-2.3	4.6	2.9
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.573	206.9	210.1	5.7	-0.2	0.0	0.1	1.5
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.236	123.4	120.9	-0.6	-0.3	-0.6	1.3	-2.0
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.406	211.3	234.4	72.9	-5.0	-0.3	1.0	10.9
Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; bakers' wares (Dec. 2023=100)	19	0.495	100.9	101.1	1.1	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.2
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2022=100)	21	0.396	94.2	94.4	-6.0	0.6	0.6	-0.4	0.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.120	156.5	156.3	1.0	0.4	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Mineral products	V	7.713	269.7	273.5	0.7	-7.3	-0.7	1.0	1.4
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	7.407	262.6	266.2	0.7	-7.6	-0.7	1.2	1.4
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.677	172.2	172.4	0.8	0.1	-0.5	0.1	0.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.169	134.3	134.9	-5.4	-0.1	-1.5	-0.4	0.4
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.611	155.5	155.3	5.1	0.0	-0.4	0.3	-0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100)	31	0.201	57.9	58.5	-7.0	1.4	-0.7	1.0	1.0
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)	32	0.195	100.9	100.8	-0.5	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.875	111.4	111.3	-4.5	0.5	-0.7	-1.0	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.786	155.5	154.3	0.6	0.8	0.0	-0.4	-0.8
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.511	151.7	150.1	-0.2	1.1	-0.1	-0.5	-1.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.275	166.1	165.9	2.2	0.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Printed matter (Dec. 2023=100)	49	0.168	100.1	100.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.523	120.7	120.6	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted (Dec. 2023=100)	61	1.981	99.1	99.1	-0.9	0.0	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.471	128.0	128.1	1.2	-0.1	0.2	0.0	0.1
Made-up or worn textile articles (Dec. 2023=100)	63	0.631	98.4	98.4	-1.6	0.0	-0.3	-0.1	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.444	126.5	126.4	-0.3	-0.4	-0.3	0.1	-0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.181	123.5	123.5	-0.2	-0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.942	138.0	138.3	1.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.326	100.9	100.8	-0.5	0.6	0.0	-0.4	-0.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.347	111.7	111.7	3.6	0.5	0.1	0.7	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.556	264.8	258.9	15.0	2.2	3.7	1.3	-2.2
Pearls, precious stones, precious metals jewelry, coin (Dec. 2023=100)	71	3.556	117.7	115.0	15.0	2.3	3.7	1.4	-2.3
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.889	230.5	229.3	0.9	0.5	1.2	-1.2	-0.5
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.700	188.3	187.6	-3.4	0.1	0.0	-1.2	-0.4
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.554	425.3	405.0	7.9	0.7	6.4	-2.9	-4.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.194	210.3	213.7	14.0	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.409	131.7	131.3	-0.8	0.5	0.2	0.1	-0.3
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.512	142.6	142.2	-0.9	0.2	0.3	-0.3	-0.3
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.443	82.4	82.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.311	90.1	89.9	0.8	0.1	0.2	0.2	-0.2
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.132	75.3	75.2	-0.3	0.1	0.0	-0.4	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	11.882	125.0	124.8	1.8	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	11.099	123.9	123.8	1.6	0.0	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.642	111.5	111.7	4.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.263	113.1	112.8	3.7	0.4	0.3	-0.1	-0.3
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.954	108.5	108.4	3.8	0.2	0.2	0.0	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.569	120.6	120.5	0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.551	128.0	127.6	0.9	0.4	0.3	0.0	-0.3
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.704	106.3	106.3	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.314	153.4	153.4	3.9	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2022 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for Harmonized categories of goods: December 2023 to December 2024 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Nov. 2024(1)	Index		Percent change
			Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Annual	Monthly
					Dec. 2023 to Dec. 2024	Aug. 2024 to Sep. 2024	Sep. 2024 to Oct. 2024	Oct. 2024 to Nov. 2024	Nov. 2024 to Dec. 2024
Live animals; animal products	I	2.119	287.1	282.4	9.2	0.7	2.8	0.3	-1.6
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.409	247.7	243.5	10.4	0.6	1.6	0.7	-1.7
Vegetable products	II	3.911	229.2	233.9	-6.5	1.1	3.2	-0.8	2.1
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.964	168.9	178.9	21.9	3.5	1.3	3.3	5.9
Cereals	10	1.112	226.9	229.7	-6.1	1.9	6.9	-0.2	1.2
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.448	213.4	213.8	-19.5	-0.7	2.9	-4.0	0.2
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.901	182.9	182.0	-3.1	0.7	-0.7	0.3	-0.5
Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; bakers' wares (Dec. 2023=100)	19	0.308	104.4	104.4	4.4	0.1	-0.1	3.4	0.0
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.636	120.5	118.8	-0.3	1.3	-1.6	-0.8	-1.4
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.586	244.9	242.9	-19.5	1.1	-2.3	0.7	-0.8
Mineral products	V	14.611	262.4	271.1	-0.7	-5.6	2.4	-0.4	3.3
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.466	139.2	138.8	14.4	3.8	4.1	0.4	-0.3
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	13.951	249.7	258.4	-1.1	-6.0	2.4	-0.4	3.5
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	12.613	160.0	159.8	0.6	0.1	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.486	105.0	104.8	-2.7	0.4	0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.830	148.5	148.4	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.372	196.5	196.7	2.4	0.7	-0.2	0.0	0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.927	193.7	193.6	11.6	0.3	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.487	113.2	114.0	6.3	-0.2	0.3	0.2	0.7
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2023=100)	44	0.487	105.5	106.3	6.3	-0.2	0.3	0.1	0.8
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.585	176.2	174.4	10.9	0.2	0.1	-0.2	-1.0
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.526	149.7	150.2	-4.0	0.4	1.2	5.7	0.3
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.750	154.4	154.1	1.4	0.2	0.0	0.1	-0.2
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.357	115.9	115.3	0.3	0.4	0.0	0.3	-0.5
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	5.716	373.5	366.1	17.3	2.4	4.6	1.5	-2.0
Pearls, precious stones, precious metals; jewelry, coin (Dec. 2023=100)	71	5.716	119.6	117.3	17.3	2.5	4.6	1.4	-1.9
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.507	212.8	209.8	0.5	-0.7	2.1	-0.6	-1.4
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.606	292.8	277.2	8.2	0.4	9.3	-4.2	-5.3
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.758	156.9	158.5	9.7	-2.4	3.1	-0.3	1.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec. 2022=100)	83	0.339	106.8	106.8	2.0	-0.1	0.5	0.0	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	26.632	109.0	108.9	2.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.858	134.9	134.4	2.8	0.1	0.4	0.1	-0.4
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.774	82.1	82.4	1.5	0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.4
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	9.887	157.2	157.5	2.3	0.0	0.6	0.1	0.2
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	7.374	131.1	131.5	2.3	0.0	0.8	0.0	0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.798	120.0	120.1	1.1	-0.7	0.1	-0.2	0.1
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments (Dec. 2023=100)	90	5.742	101.0	101.0	1.0	-0.8	0.1	-0.2	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.165	136.2	136.0	1.1	-0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi	94	0.588	152.9	153.0	3.5	0.5	0.3	0.1	0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.432	114.4	114.0	-3.9	-1.3	-0.1	-0.5	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2022 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: December 2023 to December 2024 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Nov. 2024(1)	Index		Percent change
		Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Annual	Monthly
				Dec. 2023 to Dec. 2024	Aug. 2024 to Sep. 2024	Sep. 2024 to Oct. 2024	Oct. 2024 to Nov. 2024	Nov. 2024 to Dec. 2024
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	146.9	146.9	2.9	-0.3	0.3	0.1	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	9.922	233.7	241.5	7.1	-5.6	1.1	0.0	3.3
Manufacturing	89.740	139.7	139.3	2.6	0.4	0.3	0.0	-0.3
Canada	100.000	168.3	169.5	2.6	-1.6	0.5	-0.1	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	29.962	226.7	234.5	6.6	-5.9	1.1	0.3	3.4
Manufacturing	69.271	156.7	155.9	1.0	0.3	0.2	-0.2	-0.5
European Union	100.000	158.8	158.5	1.9	-0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Manufacturing	99.307	154.4	154.1	1.9	-0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	159.0	158.1	4.9	-0.1	0.3	0.1	-0.6
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	125.2	124.5	0.6	0.0	0.2	-0.4	-0.6
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	138.8	139.0	1.8	-0.9	0.2	0.3	0.1
Latin America(3)	100.000	175.1	176.3	3.7	-0.5	0.1	0.3	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	13.079	326.6	348.7	5.6	-1.9	-3.1	0.7	6.8
Manufacturing	86.702	142.1	141.8	3.5	-0.2	0.5	0.2	-0.2
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	149.4	150.4	4.3	-0.1	-0.5	0.4	0.7
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.494	178.0	193.2	15.3	-1.6	-11.1	2.5	8.5
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.293	102.0	101.9	3.2	0.0	0.6	0.2	-0.1
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	102.8	102.8	0.6	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.0
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	100.4	100.4	-0.6	0.0	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Japan	100.000	101.4	101.2	-0.3	0.1	0.3	-0.2	-0.2
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	111.2	111.0	1.8	0.1	0.2	1.3	-0.2
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	95.6	95.0	0.3	0.6	0.3	-0.1	-0.6
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	100.5	100.6	0.5	0.3	0.6	-0.4	0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	211.4	205.5	-1.5	-6.7	3.0	1.6	-2.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2022 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: December 2023 to December 2024 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Nov. 2024(1)	Index		Percent change
		Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Annual	Monthly
				Dec. 2023 to Dec. 2024	Aug. 2024 to Sep. 2024	Sep. 2024 to Oct. 2024	Oct. 2024 to Nov. 2024	Nov. 2024 to Dec. 2024
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	124.3	124.2	3.9	-0.6	1.6	0.1	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	14.054	137.1	139.9	2.7	-6.1	6.6	-1.9	2.0
Manufacturing	84.282	122.7	122.2	3.8	0.3	0.7	0.3	-0.4
Canada	100.000	128.7	129.1	0.9	-0.5	1.0	-0.5	0.3
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	6.687	123.7	131.8	-4.5	-2.8	4.0	-5.6	6.5
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	91.349	120.5	120.4	0.8	-0.4	0.7	-0.2	-0.1
European Union	100.000	119.9	119.5	2.4	-1.9	0.8	-0.3	-0.3
Nonmanufacturing	20.733	128.8	128.6	-4.7	-7.4	2.3	-2.7	-0.2
Manufacturing	77.499	118.5	118.2	4.3	-0.3	0.3	0.3	-0.3
Germany	100.000	125.4	125.3	6.5	0.0	0.7	-0.1	-0.1
Latin America(3)	100.000	120.7	120.6	0.0	-1.8	1.2	-0.9	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	6.940	128.7	142.4	1.0	-1.0	8.0	-6.9	10.6
Manufacturing	92.465	120.2	119.1	-0.1	-1.8	0.6	-0.3	-0.9
Mexico	100.000	121.6	122.0	1.0	-1.4	1.2	-1.3	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	5.538	104.5	124.8	3.9	0.8	15.0	-13.8	19.4
Manufacturing	93.522	123.6	122.6	0.7	-1.5	0.4	-0.5	-0.8
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	113.6	113.5	1.1	-1.0	1.7	-0.4	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	19.178	111.0	111.4	-3.0	-5.5	5.9	-1.4	0.4
Manufacturing	79.539	115.7	115.7	2.0	0.2	0.6	-0.2	0.0
China	100.000	107.6	107.6	-0.5	-0.2	2.4	-0.1	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	22.615	96.7	96.7	-9.5	-2.8	6.3	-1.5	0.0
Manufacturing	75.710	113.5	113.7	2.5	0.6	1.1	0.4	0.2
Japan	100.000	113.3	112.4	3.1	-0.4	2.6	-0.4	-0.8
Nonmanufacturing	20.995	122.8	121.2	2.5	-4.9	9.5	0.7	-1.3
Manufacturing	77.701	110.9	110.2	3.2	0.6	0.9	-0.6	-0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2022 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: December 2023 to December 2024(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Annual	Monthly
			Dec. 2023 to Dec. 2024	Aug. 2024 to Sep. 2024	Sep. 2024 to Oct. 2024	Oct. 2024 to Nov. 2024	Nov. 2024 to Dec. 2024
Industrialized Countries(2)	103.6	103.5	1.0	-0.3	1.3	0.0	-0.1
Canada	100.5	100.1	-1.7	1.1	0.5	-0.4	-0.4
European Union	101.6	101.5	0.5	-1.8	0.8	-0.4	-0.1
Germany	115.3	115.8	5.9	0.0	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latin America(3)	102.6	101.9	-3.5	-1.3	1.2	-1.3	-0.7
Mexico	105.0	104.6	-3.2	-1.2	1.7	-1.7	-0.4
Pacific Rim(4)	108.7	108.6	0.5	-1.2	1.4	-0.5	-0.1
China	107.3	107.3	0.2	-0.2	2.3	0.0	0.0
Japan	106.7	106.1	3.4	-0.5	2.3	-0.2	-0.6
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: December 2023 to December 2024 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Nov. 2024(1)	Index		Percent change
		Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Annual	Monthly
				Dec. 2023 to Dec. 2024	Aug. 2024 to Sep. 2024	Sep. 2024 to Oct. 2024	Oct. 2024 to Nov. 2024	Nov. 2024 to Dec. 2024
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	275.5	273.4	2.0	6.3	-4.1	1.4	-0.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	18.406	156.3	160.8	-12.0	-1.6	7.8	-4.0	2.9
Asia	80.653	307.1	301.0	5.8	8.3	-7.0	2.8	-2.0
Export Air Freight	100.000	182.7	172.4	-2.1	-0.6	4.9	1.2	-5.6
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	26.925	134.4	132.0	1.2	-1.9	4.4	2.4	-1.8
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	48.531	143.1	135.6	-7.2	-0.4	7.6	-4.3	-5.2
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	196.0	197.7	5.0	4.1	8.0	-2.8	0.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.003	138.7	143.6	-2.6	-1.4	8.0	-0.6	3.5
Asia	65.298	204.1	203.8	8.1	6.9	9.2	-6.2	-0.1
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	172.8	165.1	-5.8	-1.7	1.1	2.2	-4.5
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	34.207	163.4	161.5	-1.1	-1.7	0.1	2.1	-1.2
Asia	45.365	192.0	174.0	-11.9	-2.2	2.0	3.2	-9.4
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	173.3	191.6	1.0	13.9	3.9	-4.8	10.6
Europe	48.551	195.5	205.6	6.6	23.8	-4.3	-0.2	5.2
Asia	11.765	158.5	186.7	-5.7	2.0	0.3	2.7	17.8
Latin America/Caribbean	10.215	149.6	172.4	-0.1	-2.1	9.2	3.2	15.2
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	177.7	178.0	1.8	-1.4	0.7	-0.8	0.2
Europe	37.457	216.1	214.3	7.3	2.2	-0.1	-2.3	-0.8
Asia	11.496	175.7	167.0	-12.7	-13.0	-2.5	4.2	-5.0
Latin America/Caribbean	31.440	173.0	180.4	2.9	-1.5	1.9	-1.1	4.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2022 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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