Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until					USDL-19-0245
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, February 15, 2019

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                           U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - JANUARY 2019

U.S. import prices fell 0.5 percent in January, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, following 
a 1.0-percent drop in December and a 1.7-percent decrease in November. Both fuel and nonfuel prices 
contributed to the January decline. Prices for U.S. exports decreased 0.6 percent for the second consecutive 
month in January.


Imports

Prices for U.S. imports declined 0.5 percent in January and 3.1 percent over the last 3 months. The 3-month 
drop was the largest decrease since the index fell 3.1 percent from July 2015 to October 2015. Import prices 
decreased 1.7 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year decline since the index fell 2.2 
percent in August 2016. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices decreased 3.2 percent in January and 22.5 percent over the past 3 months, 
the largest drop over a 3-month period since the index fell 29.2 percent for the 3 months ended in February 
2016. The January drop was primarily driven by a 44.2-percent drop in natural gas prices; petroleum prices 
edged down 0.1 percent. The decline in natural gas prices followed a 138.8-percent increase over the fourth 
quarter of 2018. Fuel prices decreased 14.4 percent over the past year. A 14.5-percent drop in petroleum 
prices and a 20.0-percent decline in prices for natural gas each contributed to the overall decrease in fuel 
prices from January 2018 to January 2019. 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports fell 0.2 percent in January. The January 
decrease was led by falling prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; consumer goods; automotive 
vehicles; and foods, feeds, and beverages which more than offset higher prices for capital goods. Import 
prices excluding fuel also declined 0.2 percent over the past year. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials decreased 0.7 
percent in January, driven by lower prices for unfinished metals and chemicals.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly down in January. Consumer goods prices fell 0.3 
percent and prices for automotive vehicles declined 0.2 percent. Capital goods prices ticked up 0.1 percent.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for foods, feeds, and beverages declined 0.3 percent in 
January. An 11.2-percent drop in vegetable prices more than offset an 8.2-percent rise in fruit prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2018
January	0.8	3.3	0.5	0.7	0.0	0.8
February	0.2	-1.8	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.2
March	-0.2	-2.6	0.1	0.4	3.2	0.1
April	0.5	4.0	0.1	0.5	-1.1	0.7
May	0.9	6.1	0.2	0.7	1.6	0.6
June	0.0	2.6	-0.3	0.2	-1.0	0.3
July	-0.1	0.8	-0.2	-0.5	-5.2	0.1
August	-0.4	-2.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.4	-0.2
September	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	-1.3	0.2
October	0.5	(r)3.3	0.1	0.5	-0.1	0.5
November	(r)-1.7	(r)-12.3	-0.3	-0.8	1.7	-1.0
December	-1.0	(r)-8.6	0.0	-0.6	(r)3.8	-1.1
2019
January	-0.5	-3.2	-0.2	-0.6	-2.1	-0.3
Jan. 2017 to 2018	3.4	18.5	1.9	3.3	1.5	3.5
Jan. 2018 to 2019	-1.7	-14.4	-0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports decreased 0.6 percent in January, after falling 0.6 percent in December and 0.8 
percent in November. Export prices have only recorded one monthly advance since June. In January, both 
nonagricultural prices and agricultural prices contributed to the decline. The price index for overall exports 
decreased 0.2 percent for the year ended in January, the first 12-month decline since the index fell 0.2 
percent in November 2016. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices declined 2.1 percent in January, the largest monthly 
decrease since the index fell 5.2 percent in July. The January drop followed increases of 3.8 percent in 
December and 1.7 percent in November. A 34.6-percent fall in export vegetable prices drove the January 
decline in agricultural prices. Despite the January drop, export agricultural prices advanced 0.2 percent over 
the past year.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports declined 0.3 percent in 
January, after falling 1.1 percent in December and 1.0 percent in November. Decreasing prices for 
nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials and consumer goods more than offset higher prices for 
capital goods and automotive vehicles. Prices for nonagricultural exports fell 0.2 percent from January 2018 
to January 2019, the first decrease over a 12-month period since the index declined 0.2 percent in November 
2016. The drop over the past 12 months was driven by a 2.4-percent decrease in nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials prices. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials decreased 1.4 percent in January following a 3.4-percent decline the previous month. The January 
drop was led by a 3.4-percent decline in fuel prices.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in January. Prices for capital goods advanced 0.4 
percent, the largest monthly increase for the index since a 0.6-percent rise in April. The price index for 
automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent. In contrast, consumer goods prices fell 0.4 percent, the largest 
decline since the index decreased 1.0 percent in January 2017.


Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China declined 0.3 percent in January, after edging 
down 0.1 percent in each of the 2 previous months. The January decline was the largest monthly drop since 
the index fell 0.3 percent in September 2017. The price index for imports from Canada fell 1.5 percent and 
import prices from Mexico decreased 1.0 percent in January. Lower fuel prices factored into the declines for 
imports from both countries. In contrast, import prices from Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in January 
following 0.1-percent declines in December and November. Prices for imports from the European Union 
increased 0.2 percent in January following declines of 0.1 percent in December and 0.4 percent in 
November. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China declined 0.5 percent in January, after 
decreasing 0.8 percent the previous month. Lower prices for manufactured exports more than offset higher 
nonmanufactured export prices. Prices for exports to Japan fell 1.0 percent in January following a 0.4-
percent drop in December. The January decline was the largest monthly decrease since the index was 
introduced in December 2017. The price index for exports to Canada decreased 2.8 percent in January and 
prices for exports to Mexico declined 1.3 percent over the same period. In contrast, export prices to the 
European Union increased 0.5 percent in January, after falling 0.6 percent the previous month. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China fell 
0.2 percent in January following a 0.7-percent drop in December. For both months, the terms of trade fell 
because export prices to China declined at a higher rate than import prices from China. The U.S. terms of 
trade with Japan decreased 1.1 percent in January, the largest monthly decline since the index was first 
published in December 2017. Lower export prices to Japan and rising import prices from Japan both 
contributed to the January drop in the terms of trade. The index of U.S. terms of trade with Canada fell 1.4 
percent in January following a 4.7-percent increase in December and a 7.7-percent rise in November. The 
U.S. terms of trade with Mexico declined 0.2 percent in January. In contrast, the U.S. terms of trade with the 
European Union rose 0.2 percent in January. (See table 9.)


Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 3.8 percent in January, after a 7.6-percent advance the 
previous month. In January, the decrease was driven by a 12.3-percent drop in Asian fares and a 16.7-
percent fall in Latin American/Caribbean fares. Despite the January drop, import air passenger fares rose 1.2 
percent over the past 12 months. The price index for import air freight fell 1.1 percent in January following 
a 3.2-percent drop in December. Despite the recent declines, import air freight prices increased 4.7 percent 
for the year ended in January. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares rose 7.0 percent in January, the largest monthly advance 
since the index rose 7.9 percent in December 2016. The increase was led by a 14.6-percent rise in Latin 
American/Caribbean fares and a 12.5-percent advance in Asian fares. Export air passenger fares fell 2.9 
percent over the past year. Export air freight prices increased 1.5 percent in January and 5.2 percent over the 
past 12 months.  

Import and Export Price Index data for February are scheduled for release on Thursday, March 14, 2019 at 
8:30 a.m. (EDT).


Impact of the Temporary Lapse in Government Spending 

The temporary lapse in government appropriations impacted some of the prices collected by the 
International Price Program. Farm Services Data published monthly by the U.S. Department of Agriculture 
(USDA) and used to calculate export price indexes were not available for soybeans, corn, wheat, sorghum, 
and barley. The January prices for those products were estimated using price data from another USDA 
survey produced by the Agricultural Marketing Service. The related detailed price indexes for January thus 
do not meet the International Price Program criteria for publication. The estimates will not impact the 
accuracy of the price indexes at broader product categories.   

The following detailed product category indexes are solely or mostly derived from estimated prices and will 
not be published in January. The indexes for export grains will resume publication with the February 
indexes released on March 14, 2019. 

Bureau of Economic Analysis End Use Classification System

Q000 - Wheat and Rice
Q00000 - Wheat
Q001 - Soybeans & Other Oil Seeds
Q00100 - Soybeans and Soybean by-Products, Prior to the Extraction of Oil
Q00200 - Corn
Q00210 - Other Feedgrains

Harmonized Classification System

D10 - Cereals
D1001 - Wheat and Meslin
D1005 - Corn (Maize)
D12 - Oilseeds and Miscellaneous Grains, Seeds, Fruits, Plants, Straw and Fodder
D1201 - Soybeans, Whether or not Broken

North American Industry Classification System 

Y1111 - Oilseed and Grain Farming
Y11111 - Soybean Farming
Y11114 - Wheat Farming
Y11115 - Corn Farming

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2018 to January 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Dec. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018	Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2018	Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019
All commodities		100.000	124.9	124.3	-1.7	0.5	-1.7	-1.0	-0.5
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		84.606	100.1	99.9	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
All imports excluding petroleum		91.399	113.7	112.9	-0.4	0.2	0.0	0.3	-0.7
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		90.645	117.2	117.0	-0.2	0.1	-0.3	0.0	-0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.039	179.3	178.7	-2.0	1.9	-2.1	0.1	-0.3
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.707	196.7	195.6	-2.5	2.4	-2.7	0.5	-0.6
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.332	139.9	140.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	-1.5	0.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	23.606	181.3	178.2	-6.4	1.5	-5.8	-3.8	-1.7
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		15.295	161.2	155.8	-0.9	0.5	1.4	1.3	-3.3
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		14.247	177.9	176.6	-0.1	0.0	-0.3	-0.1	-0.7
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.886	167.3	166.1	-1.2	-0.4	-0.6	0.2	-0.7
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		6.057	153.6	143.2	-0.2	2.0	4.3	2.7	-6.8
Fuels & lubricants	10	9.355	188.2	182.2	-14.4	3.3	-12.3	-8.6	-3.2
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	8.601	196.3	196.2	-14.5	2.9	-15.1	-10.7	-0.1
Crude	10000	5.892	192.7	194.8	-19.2	2.8	-18.7	-12.6	1.1
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.754	171.6	104.6	-18.9	14.6	43.7	19.9	-39.0
Gas-natural	10110	0.652	161.4	90.0	-20.0	17.9	60.1	26.5	-44.2
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.598	124.9	124.7	12.0	0.6	0.2	1.0	-0.2
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.766	162.7	161.1	0.4	0.9	0.1	-0.9	-1.0
Selected building materials	13	1.515	144.5	143.6	-4.5	-4.8	-1.4	0.8	-0.6
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.796	232.7	229.5	-2.0	1.1	-0.7	0.5	-1.4
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.804	160.0	159.7	-0.4	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.772	113.9	114.2	3.3	-0.5	0.2	-0.3	0.3
Capital goods	2	28.200	89.1	89.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.412	118.3	118.6	1.4	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.513	81.5	81.4	-0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.275	134.7	136.2	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.861	110.5	110.3	-0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.294	107.4	107.1	0.3	-0.2	0.0	0.1	-0.3
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.456	123.2	123.2	1.5	-0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	12.562	92.4	92.1	-0.9	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.276	117.7	117.0	1.1	-0.2	0.4	1.8	-0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2018 to January 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Dec. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018	Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2018	Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019
All commodities		100.000	126.1	125.4	-0.2	0.5	-0.8	-0.6	-0.6
Agricultural commodities		9.789	182.7	178.8	0.2	-0.1	1.7	3.8	-2.1
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.326	101.3	101.3	0.8	0.0	0.1	-0.2	0.0
Nonagricultural commodities		90.181	121.7	121.3	-0.2	0.5	-1.0	-1.1	-0.3
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.085	185.3	181.4	0.7	0.2	1.9	3.8	-2.1
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.470	183.7	179.6	0.5	0.2	2.0	4.0	-2.2
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.615	215.7	216.3	3.9	-0.1	0.3	-0.7	0.3
Industrial supplies & materials	1	32.388	156.1	154.0	-2.3	1.4	-2.8	-3.2	-1.3
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.143	162.8	163.3	-0.7	0.1	0.4	-0.1	0.3
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		22.246	153.2	150.0	-3.0	2.1	-4.3	-4.6	-2.1
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.319	181.9	179.1	-2.1	-2.5	0.1	2.2	-1.5
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		31.069	155.3	153.2	-2.4	1.5	-2.9	-3.4	-1.4
Fuels & lubricants	11	10.589	183.3	177.0	-8.0	4.0	-8.6	-8.4	-3.4
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.494	158.2	157.7	0.5	0.3	0.2	-0.9	-0.3
Selected building materials	13	0.986	120.7	122.0	0.4	-1.0	-0.4	-0.5	1.1
Capital goods	2	35.892	110.0	110.4	1.4	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.4
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.747	117.1	117.1	1.5	-0.5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.632	94.8	95.0	0.5	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	8.513	177.7	179.2	3.4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.8
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.158	114.0	114.1	0.4	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.477	109.8	109.4	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.4
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.855	106.4	106.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	5.171	107.6	106.7	-0.8	-0.2	0.1	0.2	-0.8
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.451	100.0	100.0	-	-	-	-	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: January 2018 to January 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Dec. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018	Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2018	Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019
Nonmanufacturing		8.683	100.2	98.5	-14.6	3.7	-12.9	-7.1	-1.7
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.960	182.0	179.4	-4.9	5.4	-5.0	1.7	-1.4
Crop production	111	1.593	196.1	192.1	-5.2	6.8	-6.0	2.3	-2.0
Mining	21	6.723	90.8	89.2	-17.0	3.3	-14.9	-9.3	-1.8
Oil and gas extraction	211	6.486	90.3	88.6	-17.7	3.4	-15.4	-9.5	-1.9
Manufacturing		90.989	111.7	111.4	0.0	0.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.253	124.9	125.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Food manufacturing	311	3.392	154.3	154.2	-1.5	-0.1	-0.4	-0.5	-0.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.125	122.1	121.8	1.4	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.370	100.2	99.9	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.3	-0.3
Textile product mills	314	0.941	109.1	109.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.774	112.2	112.6	1.2	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.4
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.650	123.6	123.9	0.8	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	17.686	126.3	125.3	0.9	0.1	-1.1	-1.3	-0.8
Paper manufacturing	322	1.084	116.4	116.2	9.0	0.3	-0.4	0.6	-0.2
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.455	95.4	93.6	0.0	3.1	-5.6	-6.3	-1.9
Chemical manufacturing	325	9.745	140.5	139.5	1.1	0.0	0.0	-0.8	-0.7
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.302	120.1	119.6	1.2	0.2	0.5	-0.2	-0.4
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.040	130.8	130.5	0.7	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	62.050	104.5	104.3	-0.3	0.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.395	155.3	153.9	-0.3	1.2	-0.6	0.6	-0.9
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.146	126.9	126.7	0.1	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3	-0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.325	118.4	118.9	0.8	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.812	74.5	74.2	-1.7	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3	-0.4
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.156	116.5	116.8	1.6	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.864	109.6	109.5	-0.4	0.0	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.897	117.7	117.6	1.3	0.0	0.1	0.2	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.453	119.0	119.2	0.8	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: January 2018 to January 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Dec. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018	Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2018	Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019
Nonmanufacturing		9.595	140.6	135.6	-3.1	-0.2	-1.0	3.6	-3.6
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.030	158.1	152.6	-1.5	-0.3	2.6	6.1	-3.5
Crop production	111	4.695	166.2	160.0	-0.5	-0.1	3.1	6.7	-3.7
Mining	21	4.565	91.3	88.0	-5.4	0.0	-6.1	-0.1	-3.6
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.339	117.2	118.6	7.4	0.4	1.5	1.1	1.2
Manufacturing		89.098	115.8	115.7	0.5	0.5	-0.8	-1.0	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.766	140.3	140.1	1.0	-0.2	0.2	0.4	-0.1
Food manufacturing	311	4.583	156.8	156.5	-0.3	-0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.674	125.9	125.7	8.1	-0.6	-0.2	3.2	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	24.966	113.9	112.8	-1.3	1.8	-2.9	-4.0	-1.0
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.543	101.5	102.9	2.5	-1.2	0.3	-0.3	1.4
Paper manufacturing	322	1.809	134.0	131.2	4.7	0.3	0.0	0.8	-2.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	5.886	103.7	100.3	-10.4	5.8	-9.7	-12.7	-3.3
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.401	118.7	118.6	1.5	0.4	-0.3	-1.2	-0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.261	115.8	115.8	1.6	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.838	116.6	116.6	1.9	-0.4	0.4	-0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	57.365	114.2	114.5	1.2	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3
Primary metal manufacturing	331	3.952	143.6	144.7	1.4	0.0	0.7	0.6	0.8
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.900	143.2	145.8	5.4	0.6	0.8	0.1	1.8
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.440	128.1	128.6	2.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.974	82.8	82.7	-1.0	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.807	117.8	117.9	2.0	-0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.508	127.4	127.9	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.4
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.391	120.7	120.7	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.393	120.7	119.8	0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.3	-0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2018 to January 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Dec. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018	Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2018	Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	1.369	191.2	191.4	-1.1	0.1	-0.3	-0.9	0.1
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.352	243.0	246.0	-0.4	-0.4	-0.2	1.5	1.2
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.731	138.7	138.8	-1.2	0.3	-0.3	-2.2	0.1
Vegetable products	II	1.918	215.5	210.9	-6.0	6.5	-5.9	1.9	-2.1
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.542	555.9	474.6	-6.3	40.2	-8.0	12.3	-14.6
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.639	112.3	122.5	-6.3	-2.4	-11.3	-4.2	9.1
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.348	207.3	204.5	-6.3	1.5	2.1	-0.7	-1.4
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.239	89.8	90.9	-20.5	-2.3	-3.4	-2.6	1.2
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.856	165.6	165.8	2.0	-0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.224	96.8	96.0	1.7	-1.7	0.5	-0.4	-0.8
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.374	174.8	174.6	4.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.077	132.3	132.0	1.4	0.2	0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Mineral products	V	9.362	188.8	182.9	-13.6	3.2	-12.3	-8.4	-3.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.069	185.9	179.9	-14.3	3.4	-12.7	-8.6	-3.2
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.061	158.3	157.0	0.9	-0.1	-0.1	-0.6	-0.8
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.607	343.5	322.0	4.0	2.4	2.9	-0.2	-6.3
Organic chemicals	29	2.059	128.6	127.5	-1.8	-1.0	-0.8	-2.0	-0.9
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.343	151.9	150.9	1.3	-0.7	-0.1	0.0	-0.7
Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)	31	0.303	91.4	90.8	11.5	8.0	1.9	-0.5	-0.7
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.601	102.9	102.6	-0.3	0.2	-0.2	-0.5	-0.3
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.599	105.5	107.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.2	-1.1	1.6
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.519	141.2	141.0	0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.5	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.376	145.4	144.9	1.5	0.3	0.6	-0.5	-0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.144	135.1	135.5	-0.7	-0.2	-0.4	-0.4	0.3
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.625	125.0	125.5	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.4
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.595	131.2	131.9	1.8	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.5
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.875	148.9	147.3	-8.4	-7.3	-3.7	1.2	-1.1
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.130	122.5	122.7	9.2	0.2	0.1	0.6	0.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.744	111.9	111.6	7.5	0.5	-0.2	0.4	-0.3
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.917	114.6	114.8	0.9	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.983	104.8	105.3	1.3	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.5
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.645	120.5	120.6	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.652	103.7	103.7	-0.3	0.0	-0.1	-0.3	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.372	122.8	123.0	0.8	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.2
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.139	121.8	122.0	0.8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.950	131.6	131.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3
Ceramic products	69	0.269	136.1	135.8	-0.5	0.1	0.7	0.0	-0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.649	172.5	176.8	1.0	0.8	1.1	1.1	2.5
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.995	178.8	176.4	-0.5	0.5	-0.9	-0.2	-1.3
Iron and steel	72	1.419	228.2	221.7	5.9	-0.2	-0.7	-0.2	-2.8
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.741	150.9	150.6	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1	-0.4	-0.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.455	285.4	277.1	-9.5	5.6	-1.3	1.1	-2.9
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.036	135.1	132.8	-3.3	0.7	-2.6	-0.3	-1.7
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.446	124.1	123.9	1.5	0.3	0.1	0.2	-0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.525	137.3	137.8	0.7	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.480	80.2	80.1	-0.4	0.0	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.169	86.6	86.7	0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.0	0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.310	74.2	74.0	-0.9	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.066	114.2	113.9	-0.7	0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.3
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.872	113.2	113.0	-0.5	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)	88	1.085	115.1	114.9	-1.3	-0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.035	102.4	101.9	-1.5	0.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.5
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.765	99.0	98.4	-1.6	0.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.6
Clocks and watches and parts thereof	91	0.209	141.4	142.1	-0.3	0.8	-1.0	-0.4	0.5
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.503	113.0	113.1	1.5	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.822	118.8	118.8	1.3	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.407	103.5	103.7	2.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.275	130.1	129.6	0.8	0.5	0.0	0.0	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2018 to January 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Dec. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018	Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2018	Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	1.914	208.1	208.2	0.5	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.120	161.5	161.2	-3.3	0.1	-0.1	0.4	-0.2
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.404	119.3	120.0	4.6	0.2	0.6	-0.7	0.6
Vegetable products	II	4.752	206.4	197.0	1.0	0.4	3.4	8.3	-4.6
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.959	136.4	141.6	-3.7	-1.5	6.3	-0.7	3.8
Cereals	10	-	194.7	-	-	0.2	0.8	1.2	-
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	-	188.7	-	-	0.2	2.2	3.1	-
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.979	151.7	152.6	1.9	-0.1	0.5	-0.2	0.6
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.550	95.2	95.6	-6.1	-0.1	-1.1	-1.4	0.4
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.521	104.5	104.7	-0.5	0.3	-1.3	-0.6	0.2
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.721	222.2	223.8	8.9	-1.9	3.4	1.4	0.7
Mineral products	V	10.660	220.1	212.5	-8.3	3.8	-8.2	-8.1	-3.5
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.403	97.0	95.4	-12.5	0.0	1.0	0.6	-1.6
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	10.058	211.6	204.1	-8.2	4.1	-8.8	-8.8	-3.5
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.923	138.5	138.5	1.4	0.3	-0.1	-0.9	0.0
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.714	143.9	142.7	-14.2	-2.8	-0.7	-2.0	-0.8
Organic chemicals	29	2.657	146.5	149.4	8.0	0.9	-0.1	-2.7	2.0
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.029	106.0	103.9	-2.4	0.2	-0.3	-0.4	-2.0
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.531	101.1	101.6	1.8	0.1	-1.9	0.5	0.5
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.851	130.9	131.9	1.3	-0.2	0.1	0.1	0.8
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.483	122.1	123.1	4.1	0.9	0.4	0.6	0.8
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.971	155.9	155.8	3.3	0.3	0.8	0.1	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.215	143.6	143.7	2.7	0.4	-0.6	-0.8	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.331	140.6	140.6	2.9	0.5	-0.4	-0.7	0.0
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.883	155.0	155.3	1.9	0.1	-1.4	-1.3	0.2
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.644	99.0	99.9	-3.2	-2.2	-0.8	-0.8	0.9
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	2.060	135.4	131.8	2.7	2.8	0.6	-1.9	-2.7
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.131	131.1	128.2	3.4	0.3	0.2	0.7	-2.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.784	124.9	122.4	0.2	-1.1	0.1	0.2	-2.0
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.538	131.8	124.4	-6.0	-4.5	1.3	0.9	-5.6
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.803	124.7	125.9	2.0	0.0	0.4	-0.1	1.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.082	236.8	240.3	0.3	0.7	0.9	1.2	1.5
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.733	159.6	159.4	0.3	-0.1	0.6	-0.6	-0.1
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.497	183.8	176.5	-13.1	2.4	-0.8	0.7	-4.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.739	108.3	107.8	-8.8	-1.2	0.2	-2.4	-0.5
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.336	152.9	152.9	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.041	97.6	97.7	0.9	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.243	115.4	116.0	1.8	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.5
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.799	78.4	78.1	-0.4	-0.5	-0.1	-0.1	-0.4
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.643	135.8	136.0	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.328	116.3	116.2	0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.846	109.0	108.5	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.5
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.375	112.7	112.7	0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.762	129.9	129.9	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.450	87.3	87.9	-1.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: January 2018 to January 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Dec. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018	Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2018	Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	120.3	120.0	-3.1	0.2	-2.6	-0.9	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	7.000	112.1	107.8	-32.8	1.4	-23.4	-7.0	-3.8
Manufacturing	92.363	120.2	120.3	0.0	0.1	-0.6	-0.4	0.1
Canada	100.000	121.8	120.0	-10.0	0.5	-6.8	-2.4	-1.5
Nonmanufacturing	19.736	104.1	99.7	-35.0	1.3	-24.7	-7.5	-4.2
Manufacturing	79.130	130.2	129.3	-1.5	0.2	-1.2	-1.1	-0.7
European Union	100.000	136.5	136.8	1.0	0.1	-0.4	-0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	98.730	133.0	133.4	1.0	0.1	-0.4	-0.1	0.3
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.0	127.3	-0.2	0.2	-0.9	-0.4	0.2
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	111.9	112.4	0.7	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.4
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	120.2	120.7	0.5	0.7	-1.3	-0.4	0.4
Latin America(3)	100.000	148.4	147.1	-2.6	1.2	-1.7	-2.2	-0.9
Nonmanufacturing	16.336	252.7	249.8	-7.6	5.5	-8.4	-9.2	-1.1
Manufacturing	83.375	121.8	120.9	-1.4	0.2	0.0	-0.5	-0.7
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.7	127.4	-1.8	0.6	-0.7	-0.7	-1.0
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.654	143.4	133.3	-5.7	5.9	-9.0	-5.5	-7.0
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.085	88.2	87.8	-1.5	0.0	0.2	-0.1	-0.5
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	98.9	98.7	0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	99.8	99.5	-0.6	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Japan	100.000	96.5	96.6	0.6	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	100.0	99.8	-	-	-	-	-0.2
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	88.4	87.9	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.5	-0.6
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	98.0	97.9	-0.3	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	182.2	183.0	1.6	2.1	-6.7	-3.3	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: January 2018 to January 2019 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Dec. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018	Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2018	Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	103.3	102.3	0.7	0.1	-0.1	0.7	-1.0
Nonmanufacturing	9.376	121.2	108.2	1.0	-1.7	2.8	18.4	-10.7
Manufacturing	89.569	102.1	102.1	0.9	0.2	-0.4	-0.5	0.0
Canada	100.000	107.3	104.3	1.8	0.4	0.3	2.2	-2.8
European Union	100.000	103.3	103.8	1.9	0.4	0.1	-0.6	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	7.327	104.9	108.1	6.8	-2.9	2.5	3.7	3.1
Manufacturing	91.582	103.3	103.6	1.7	0.5	0.1	-0.9	0.3
Germany	100.000	101.4	101.7	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latin America(3)	100.000	101.6	100.6	-0.9	1.3	-1.5	-1.9	-1.0
Nonmanufacturing	7.684	115.5	107.6	-1.8	2.1	1.2	6.6	-6.8
Manufacturing	91.900	100.7	100.1	-0.9	1.2	-1.8	-2.4	-0.6
Mexico	100.000	101.6	100.3	-0.9	1.1	-1.2	-1.0	-1.3
Nonmanufacturing	7.089	115.5	102.5	-8.0	1.6	1.5	8.7	-11.3
Manufacturing	92.430	100.6	100.1	-0.5	1.0	-1.4	-1.7	-0.5
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	100.0	99.8	-0.7	0.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	13.833	95.7	96.9	-2.8	-2.1	2.1	3.8	1.3
Manufacturing	83.929	100.8	100.5	0.0	0.4	-0.1	-0.4	-0.3
China	100.000	98.2	97.7	-3.1	0.8	0.1	-0.8	-0.5
Nonmanufacturing	20.020	94.5	95.5	-4.7	0.6	2.3	2.9	1.1
Manufacturing	75.734	99.4	98.7	-2.2	0.4	-0.6	-1.0	-0.7
Japan	100.000	100.2	99.2	-1.8	0.2	-0.1	-0.4	-1.0
Nonmanufacturing	18.258	100.0	100.7	-3.2	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.7
Manufacturing	80.744	100.2	98.7	-1.8	0.1	-0.3	-0.5	-1.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: January 2018 to January 2019(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Annual	Monthly
			Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018	Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2018	Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	105.1	104.3	3.8	-0.1	2.5	1.6	-0.8
Canada	115.8	114.2	13.1	-0.1	7.7	4.7	-1.4
European Union	101.9	102.1	0.9	0.2	0.5	-0.4	0.2
Germany	104.3	104.1	-0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.2
Latin America(3)	101.9	101.8	1.8	0.1	0.2	0.2	-0.1
Mexico	101.8	101.6	1.0	0.5	-0.5	-0.3	-0.2
Pacific Rim(4)	99.5	99.5	-0.9	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.0
China	98.5	98.3	-2.5	1.0	0.2	-0.7	-0.2
Japan	99.2	98.1	-2.4	0.1	0.0	-0.3	-1.1
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: January 2018 to January 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Dec. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2019	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018	Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2018	Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	188.4	186.4	4.7	2.4	0.7	-3.2	-1.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.597	147.9	151.5	4.6	3.2	-0.8	-0.9	2.4
Asia	61.948	182.5	177.6	4.9	2.6	1.5	-4.9	-2.7
Export Air Freight	100.000	164.8	167.3	5.2	0.6	-0.2	-0.1	1.5
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	31.375	148.8	151.9	3.2	0.1	-0.9	0.5	2.1
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	174.1	173.6	3.4	1.7	0.9	-1.7	-0.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	26.952	135.6	141.5	6.3	1.4	-0.4	-1.0	4.4
Asia	58.743	166.6	161.9	1.8	2.2	1.8	-2.6	-2.8
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	146.0	142.9	1.6	-0.6	1.5	-0.3	-2.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	32.153	149.0	152.1	5.1	0.5	-0.2	-0.3	2.1
Asia	45.902	144.9	135.9	-0.6	-1.8	3.3	0.0	-6.2
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	197.5	189.9	1.2	0.7	0.7	7.6	-3.8
Europe	53.098	219.7	228.9	-2.2	2.8	2.2	-1.1	4.2
Asia	20.926	157.3	137.9	2.1	0.7	-0.8	19.1	-12.3
Latin America/Caribbean	6.672	177.8	148.1	-5.4	1.7	6.3	10.4	-16.7
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	150.8	161.3	-2.9	-1.8	0.1	1.4	7.0
Europe	30.269	204.7	199.1	3.1	-0.2	1.3	1.9	-2.7
Asia	27.666	133.3	150.0	-0.7	-6.0	1.0	4.1	12.5
Latin America/Caribbean	23.807	147.9	169.5	-6.8	-2.0	1.7	-3.1	14.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.