Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until				    USDL-21-0279
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, February 18, 2021

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                        U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - JANUARY 2021

Prices for U.S. imports increased 1.4 percent in January, after rising 1.0 percent in December, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The January advance was the largest 1-month rise since the index 
increased 1.4 percent in March 2012. U.S. export prices increased 2.5 percent in January following advances 
of 1.3 percent and 0.7 percent the 2 previous months. The January increase was the largest advance since the 
index was first published on a monthly basis in December 1988. 
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
        Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on January 2021 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the January 2021 release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates 
for January were 5.9-percentage points lower than those in January 2020. Additional information is 
available at www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-january-2021.htm.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports rose 1.4 percent in January following a 1.0-percent increase the previous 
month. Higher fuel and nonfuel prices both contributed to the advances in January and December. U.S. 
import prices rose 0.9 percent for the year ended in January, the first over-the-year increase since January 
2020 and the largest 12-month advance since the index increased 3.4 percent from October 2017 to October 
2018. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices increased 7.4 percent in January following advances of 8.1 percent in 
December and 4.4 percent in November. In January, higher petroleum prices more than offset lower natural 
gas prices. Prices for import petroleum advanced 8.3 percent in January, after rising 9.3 percent in 
December and 2.5 percent in November. Despite the recent increases, import fuel prices decreased 13.4 
percent for the year ended in January. A 14.3-percent decline in petroleum prices more than offset an 11.3-
percent advance in natural gas prices. The 12-month decrease in fuel prices was the smallest over-the-year 
drop for the index since February 2020.   

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices rose 0.8 percent in January following a 0.4-percent 
advance the previous month. The January increase was the largest monthly rise since April 2011. In 
January, higher prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; foods, feeds, and beverages; capital 
goods; and automotive vehicles more than offset lower prices for import consumer goods. Prices for nonfuel 
imports increased 2.5 percent over the past 12 months, primarily driven by rising nonfuel industrial supplies 
and materials prices.    

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials advanced 4.2 
percent in January, the largest monthly increase since the index was first published in December 2001. The 
January rise was mainly led by higher prices for unfinished metals and lumber.   

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in January. Prices for capital goods and automotive 
vehicles each advanced 0.2 percent. The price index for import consumer goods edged down 0.1 percent.    

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for foods, feeds, and beverages increased 2.1 percent in 
January, after ticking up 0.1 percent the previous month. The January advance was driven by increasing 
prices for fruits and vegetables.   

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2020
January	0.2	-0.1	0.3	0.6	2.0	0.6
February	-0.7	-9.1	0.2	-1.2	-2.9	-1.1
March	-2.4	-26.5	0.0	-1.4	-1.4	-1.4
April	-2.6	-30.9	-0.5	-3.5	-3.3	-3.5
May	0.7	13.9	0.1	0.0	-0.4	0.0
June	1.3	20.6	0.3	1.8	1.6	1.7
July	1.2	15.2	0.2	1.0	1.6	0.9
August	0.9	3.7	0.7	0.5	-2.2	0.9
September	0.2	-4.7	0.5	0.6	2.8	0.3
October	-0.1	-1.0	0.0	0.2	3.5	-0.2
November	(r)0.1	(r)4.4	-0.2	0.7	3.5	(r)0.5
December	(r)1.0	(r)8.1	0.4	(r)1.3	(r)0.9	1.3
2021
January	1.4	7.4	0.8	2.5	6.0	2.2
Jan. 2019 to 2020	0.5	13.2	-0.9	0.4	3.1	0.2
Jan. 2020 to 2021	0.9	-13.4	2.5	2.3	9.4	1.5
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports rose 2.5 percent in January, after advances of 1.3 percent in December and 0.7 
percent in November. Higher agricultural and nonagricultural prices both contributed to the January increase 
in export prices. The price index for U.S. exports rose 2.3 percent for the year ended in January, the largest 
12-month increase since the index advanced 3.1 percent in October 2018. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices increased 6.0 percent in January following a 0.9-percent 
advance in December. The January rise was the largest monthly increase since the index advanced 6.0 
percent in July 2012; higher prices for soybeans, corn, wheat, cotton, meat, fruit, vegetables, and nuts all 
contributed to the January advance. Prices for agricultural exports rose 9.4 percent over the past year, the 
largest 12-month increase since the index advanced 9.6 percent in June 2013. The rise from January 2020 to 
January 2021 was led by a 41.5-percent increase in soybean prices and a 27.7-percent advance in corn 
prices.            

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports rose 2.2 percent in January, the 
largest 1-month increase since the index was first published monthly in December 1988. The January 
advance followed a 1.3-percent rise in December and was driven by higher prices for nonagricultural 
industrial supplies and materials; capital goods; and automotive vehicles which more than offset declining 
consumer goods prices. Nonagricultural export prices increased 1.5 percent for the year ended in January. 
The advance was primarily led by higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials.         

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
advanced 6.0 percent in January, after rising 3.7 percent in December. The January increase was driven by 
higher prices for fuel, nonferrous metals, steelmaking materials, and chemicals.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in January. Prices for capital goods ticked up 0.1 
percent and automotive vehicle prices advanced 0.3 percent. In contrast, consumer goods prices fell 0.7 
percent in January. The decline was led by a 2.1-percent drop in the price index for medicinal, dental, and 
pharmaceutical materials. The January decline in consumer goods prices was the largest monthly drop since 
the index decreased 1.0 percent in January 2017. 

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China rose 0.3 percent for the second consecutive 
month in January. Those increases are the largest 1-month advances since the index rose 0.3 percent in 
November 2017. The price index for imports from China advanced 0.7 percent over the past 12 months, the 
largest over-the-year increase since a 0.8-percent rise from August 2011 to August 2012. Prices for imports 
from Japan rose 0.2 percent in January, after a 0.2-percent advance in December. Import prices from Japan 
rose 0.5 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month advance since the index increased 0.5 percent in 
January 2019. The price indexes for imports from Canada and from Mexico also rose in January, advancing 
5.1 percent and 0.8 percent, respectively. Prices for imports from the European Union increased 0.4 percent 
for the second consecutive month in January. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China edged down 0.1 percent in January 
following advances of 1.9 percent in December and 1.8 percent in November. The January decline was the 
first decrease since the index fell 1.2 percent in September 2020. Despite the decrease, the price index for 
exports to China rose 3.9 percent over the past 12 months. Export prices to Japan advanced 2.2 percent in 
January, after rising 1.4 percent the previous month. The January increase was the largest monthly advance 
since the index rose 4.4 percent in June 2020, and prices for exports to Japan increased 3.8 percent over the 
past year. The price index for exports to Canada advanced 2.1 percent in January and export prices to 
Mexico rose 3.2 percent. Prices for exports to the European Union also increased in January, advancing 1.3 
percent following a 1.6-percent rise in December. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 
declined 0.4 percent in January, after increasing 4.2 percent from September to December. Advancing 
import prices from China and decreasing export prices to China contributed to the January decline in U.S. 
terms of trade with China. Despite the drop, the index for U.S. terms of trade with China rose 3.1 percent for 
the year ended in January. The U.S. terms of trade with Japan increased 2.0 percent in January and 3.3 
percent over the past year. The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with Mexico and the European Union also 
advanced in January, rising 2.4 percent and 1.0 percent, respectively. In contrast, the U.S. terms of trade 
with Canada declined 2.9 percent in January. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 5.6 percent in January following a 3.9-percent advance in 
December. The January decrease was the largest 1-month drop since a 12.3-percent decline in April and 
lower Asian, European, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all contributed to the decrease. Import air 
passenger fares fell 13.6 percent for the year ended in January. Prices for import air freight decreased 5.8 
percent in January, after increasing 21.4 percent in the fourth quarter of 2020. The January drop was the 
largest monthly decline since the index fell 14.0 percent in July 2020. Import air freight prices rose 69.3 
percent from January 2020 to January 2021. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares advanced 11.2 percent in January following a 9.5-percent 
decline in December and a 14.5-percent increase in November. The January rise in export air passenger 
fares was driven by a 23.4-percent advance in Asian fares. Export air passenger fares increased 8.0 percent 
over the past 12 months. Export air freight prices advanced 1.4 percent in January and edged down 0.1 
percent over the past year.   

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for February are scheduled for release on Tuesday, March 16, 2021 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2020 to January 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Dec. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021
All commodities		100.000	124.6	126.3	0.9	-0.1	0.1	1.0	1.4
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		86.594	100.8	101.6	2.6	0.1	-0.1	0.4	0.8
All imports excluding petroleum		93.514	114.0	115.0	2.6	-0.1	0.0	0.4	0.9
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		92.908	117.9	118.9	2.5	0.0	-0.2	0.4	0.8
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.314	176.1	179.8	0.7	-0.1	-2.2	0.1	2.1
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.915	191.1	195.1	0.9	-0.4	-2.8	0.0	2.1
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.400	143.0	145.7	-0.1	1.2	-0.1	0.7	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials	1	21.480	182.3	191.9	2.0	-0.1	1.3	4.2	5.3
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		15.201	168.4	174.9	12.8	-0.1	0.9	2.0	3.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		14.462	189.4	197.3	13.3	0.3	-0.2	2.3	4.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.415	190.0	200.9	19.9	0.1	-0.7	2.8	5.7
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.579	141.4	142.5	2.3	-0.5	3.6	0.6	0.8
Fuels & lubricants	10	7.092	170.9	183.6	-13.4	-1.0	4.4	8.1	7.4
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	6.486	180.4	195.4	-14.3	-0.2	2.5	9.3	8.3
Crude	10000	4.274	187.9	203.3	-12.7	-0.2	4.0	11.8	8.2
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.511	138.3	135.1	9.7	-12.7	37.9	-6.2	-2.3
Gas-natural	10110	0.433	129.2	125.5	11.3	-14.7	44.2	-7.3	-2.9
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.482	109.7	108.0	-2.0	-0.5	1.1	0.4	-1.5
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.491	156.0	158.3	2.5	0.9	0.6	1.6	1.5
Selected building materials	13	1.817	176.6	199.4	39.3	1.4	-9.3	2.9	12.9
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.930	285.7	304.8	28.6	-0.2	2.5	4.7	6.7
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.878	163.7	166.4	5.5	-0.4	0.9	0.9	1.6
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.790	113.8	114.8	1.4	-0.1	0.3	0.5	0.9
Capital goods	2	28.680	88.3	88.5	1.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.2
Electric generating equipment	20	3.535	121.4	121.3	0.6	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.505	80.2	80.5	1.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.4
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.640	135.6	135.5	0.4	0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	16.141	110.9	111.1	0.8	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.385	107.0	106.9	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.959	124.3	123.5	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.6
Durables, manufactured	41	12.336	91.0	91.3	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.090	117.3	117.6	0.9	-0.1	0.1	0.7	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2020 to January 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Dec. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021
All commodities		100.000	125.5	128.7	2.3	0.2	0.7	1.3	2.5
Agricultural commodities		9.817	190.2	201.6	9.4	3.5	3.5	0.9	6.0
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		79.944	103.3	104.7	3.3	0.0	0.2	0.5	1.4
Nonagricultural commodities		90.183	120.6	123.2	1.5	-0.2	0.5	1.3	2.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.038	194.0	205.1	8.7	3.6	3.4	0.6	5.7
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.554	193.6	205.2	9.7	3.7	3.6	0.6	6.0
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.484	204.7	206.8	-6.7	2.7	0.5	0.6	1.0
Industrial supplies & materials	1	33.179	149.8	158.8	4.2	-0.5	1.9	3.7	6.0
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.851	184.5	197.3	17.0	-0.3	0.8	0.8	6.9
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		22.329	135.5	143.0	-1.7	-0.6	2.6	5.4	5.5
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.234	175.0	185.9	8.3	2.0	2.7	2.9	6.2
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		31.945	149.0	158.0	4.1	-0.6	1.9	3.7	6.0
Fuels & lubricants	11	11.018	145.3	157.2	-10.2	-2.1	3.4	9.7	8.2
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.024	167.1	175.3	11.9	0.1	1.2	1.2	4.9
Selected building materials	13	0.903	129.4	134.0	15.4	1.6	1.9	2.1	3.6
Capital goods	2	35.321	111.2	111.3	0.3	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.1
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.657	120.0	120.0	1.6	-0.1	0.1	-0.4	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.168	94.4	94.5	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3	0.0	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	8.495	185.9	186.3	1.5	0.1	-0.3	0.5	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.003	114.5	114.8	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.459	110.4	109.6	-0.7	0.2	-0.5	0.3	-0.7
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.309	108.9	107.6	-0.6	0.2	-0.5	0.4	-1.2
Durables, manufactured	41	4.885	107.8	107.5	0.5	0.2	-0.8	0.1	-0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.265	94.5	94.5	-4.4	0.0	0.1	1.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: January 2020 to January 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Dec. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		6.777	96.7	102.8	-9.0	-0.7	1.9	7.7	6.3
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.895	171.2	177.8	1.4	-0.5	-6.5	-0.2	3.9
Crop production	111	1.533	180.7	187.9	3.3	-0.9	-7.9	-1.0	4.0
Mining	21	4.882	88.0	94.3	-11.6	-0.8	5.3	10.4	7.2
Oil and gas extraction	211	4.635	86.9	93.3	-12.2	-0.8	5.4	10.8	7.4
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2020=100)	212	0.247	100.0	103.2	-	-	-	-	3.2
Manufacturing		92.857	111.8	112.9	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.4	1.0
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.602	125.9	126.5	0.9	0.2	-0.1	0.2	0.5
Food manufacturing	311	3.659	155.9	158.0	1.7	0.3	0.6	0.6	1.3
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.217	128.6	128.7	1.7	0.1	-1.2	0.2	0.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.358	101.3	101.3	2.1	-0.7	0.0	0.1	0.0
Textile product mills	314	0.964	106.7	107.0	0.4	0.8	-0.2	0.1	0.3
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.776	112.7	112.8	0.3	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.629	123.4	123.4	-0.6	0.2	-0.6	0.1	0.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.753	123.6	126.1	0.7	0.2	-0.9	1.2	2.0
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.123	143.8	175.3	75.8	2.1	-15.0	4.5	21.9
Paper manufacturing	322	0.957	107.3	106.4	-1.0	-0.9	0.8	0.6	-0.8
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.039	75.7	81.7	-19.3	0.0	-0.7	3.6	7.9
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.893	138.3	137.9	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.8	-0.3
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.519	122.9	123.7	3.8	0.2	0.7	0.2	0.7
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.032	131.3	132.1	0.4	-0.1	0.2	0.5	0.6
Manufacturing, part 3	33	62.502	105.2	105.9	2.4	-0.1	0.2	0.4	0.7
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.427	186.8	197.2	25.4	-0.3	2.7	3.8	5.6
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.244	127.4	128.6	1.9	-0.1	0.2	0.6	0.9
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.991	120.3	120.6	1.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.702	71.5	71.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.364	117.8	117.6	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.460	110.2	110.4	0.9	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.782	115.3	115.8	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.532	120.6	121.9	2.6	-0.1	0.2	0.4	1.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: January 2020 to January 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Dec. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		11.367	125.7	136.4	5.8	1.6	6.1	3.7	8.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.975	163.6	180.0	14.6	5.6	4.9	0.1	10.0
Crop production	111	4.641	172.2	190.4	15.5	5.5	5.1	0.0	10.6
Mining	21	6.393	70.5	75.6	-1.8	-2.7	7.6	7.8	7.2
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.036	92.6	96.7	-0.8	-4.3	2.8	3.3	4.4
Manufacturing		86.909	116.4	118.1	1.0	0.0	0.3	0.9	1.5
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.775	144.2	146.1	2.2	1.2	1.6	0.8	1.3
Food manufacturing	311	4.700	162.6	165.0	1.5	1.5	2.2	0.7	1.5
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.628	132.0	136.4	11.3	2.0	0.6	3.2	3.3
Manufacturing, part 2	32	23.534	108.8	111.9	-1.5	-0.1	0.7	3.3	2.8
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.477	105.9	112.2	20.8	2.3	1.5	1.7	5.9
Paper manufacturing	322	1.451	118.3	121.8	3.1	0.1	-0.2	0.3	3.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	4.627	83.2	91.5	-16.8	-1.4	-1.2	12.1	10.0
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.787	120.7	121.6	3.8	0.5	1.4	1.7	0.7
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.198	115.9	115.8	-0.9	-1.1	0.0	0.3	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.795	120.2	121.3	4.2	-0.5	1.6	1.5	0.9
Manufacturing, part 3	33	56.600	116.9	117.9	2.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.9
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.155	179.8	194.7	24.7	-0.8	1.3	-1.0	8.3
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.925	150.3	152.9	1.9	0.1	-0.9	0.1	1.7
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.206	129.6	129.9	-0.5	-0.2	-0.5	0.0	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.606	81.4	81.5	-0.4	-0.4	-0.6	-0.1	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.710	117.9	117.8	0.3	0.0	0.2	-0.8	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.369	130.3	130.6	0.9	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.387	127.0	129.6	5.8	1.6	0.0	0.2	2.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.243	119.7	119.5	-0.3	0.3	0.1	0.3	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2020 to January 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Dec. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	1.375	194.1	198.7	-1.2	0.6	0.0	1.6	2.4
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.384	276.0	278.5	3.1	-0.8	0.5	2.0	0.9
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.711	133.8	137.8	-4.5	2.4	-0.7	1.7	3.0
Vegetable products	II	1.912	200.4	208.7	3.9	-0.5	-7.3	-1.3	4.1
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.381	415.4	449.6	-8.1	1.7	-14.8	-8.1	8.2
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.655	98.0	103.5	2.2	-2.0	-11.6	-0.5	5.6
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.373	222.8	222.4	7.4	-3.4	0.3	2.4	-0.2
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.320	104.5	107.4	19.3	1.2	10.3	3.9	2.8
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.113	169.2	169.7	0.8	0.2	-0.4	0.1	0.3
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.220	100.6	99.2	-2.3	0.0	-0.2	0.8	-1.4
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.354	168.9	168.9	-1.7	0.0	-0.1	0.2	0.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.177	140.4	140.7	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2
Mineral products	V	7.220	173.4	186.0	-12.5	-1.0	4.5	7.6	7.3
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	6.892	169.2	181.7	-13.3	-1.1	4.7	7.9	7.4
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.277	156.4	155.9	-0.4	-0.1	0.2	0.9	-0.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.497	280.3	287.4	-2.8	0.0	1.9	2.9	2.5
Organic chemicals	29	2.277	126.5	127.8	1.4	0.5	0.6	2.5	1.0
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.454	154.4	151.8	-1.9	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-1.7
Fertilizers (Dec. 2020=100)	31	0.270	100.0	100.7	-	-	-	-	0.7
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.611	104.3	105.0	3.6	1.0	0.7	1.2	0.7
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.876	148.6	151.2	8.2	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.7
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.514	147.1	148.5	4.4	0.3	0.8	0.6	1.0
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.362	154.0	158.7	15.8	1.4	2.0	1.4	3.1
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.550	131.2	131.3	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.164	210.2	253.0	75.0	2.4	-14.1	4.3	20.4
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.140	146.3	176.7	77.2	2.4	-14.4	4.4	20.8
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.975	111.6	111.6	-1.4	-0.7	1.0	-0.2	0.0
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.653	103.9	104.1	-3.5	-0.7	0.5	0.1	0.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.904	114.4	114.4	0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.984	104.7	105.1	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.4
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.645	122.2	121.9	0.7	-0.3	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.667	100.2	100.4	0.0	1.0	-0.5	0.0	0.2
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.403	123.4	123.4	-0.7	0.0	-0.9	0.0	0.0
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.174	121.6	121.6	-0.8	0.2	-1.1	-0.1	0.0
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.930	132.1	132.6	0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.5	0.4
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.338	100.0	100.2	-	-	-	-	0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.012	226.1	236.4	19.3	-1.7	0.6	1.2	4.6
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.555	180.2	186.2	10.0	0.1	1.9	3.0	3.3
Iron and steel	72	0.991	212.5	231.5	16.2	2.1	1.2	5.0	8.9
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.656	148.4	149.9	2.0	0.1	0.4	0.8	1.0
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.493	335.7	345.0	24.4	0.8	4.1	6.2	2.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.036	147.4	152.3	19.9	0.2	5.7	5.4	3.3
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.440	122.5	123.0	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.4
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.534	133.9	135.8	0.9	0.5	0.1	0.1	1.4
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.314	78.9	79.0	0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.628	84.8	84.9	1.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.686	73.4	73.5	-0.3	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.415	114.8	115.1	0.9	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.3
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	13.168	114.1	114.3	1.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.2
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	1.149	100.0	99.9	-	-	-	-	-0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.324	102.3	102.7	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	4.039	98.4	98.7	0.7	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.261	110.8	111.1	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	0.2	0.3
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.623	116.8	117.2	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.2	0.3
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.364	100.9	100.8	-1.3	-0.6	-0.3	0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.274	126.7	127.6	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: January 2020 to January 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Dec. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	1.941	214.9	217.1	-0.4	3.1	2.9	-1.0	1.0
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.206	169.3	174.4	3.8	1.5	1.4	0.4	3.0
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.300	109.9	111.9	-9.0	3.4	0.8	0.5	1.8
Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2020=100)	04	0.362	100.0	94.1	-	-	-	-	-5.9
Vegetable products	II	4.595	216.5	237.8	16.5	5.5	5.9	-0.2	9.8
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.923	129.3	135.0	-1.6	-0.7	1.6	2.1	4.4
Cereals	10	1.256	218.3	243.7	21.4	6.2	6.4	1.0	11.6
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.002	240.3	268.9	35.1	3.8	7.6	5.4	11.9
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.004	158.7	162.2	3.4	1.2	0.8	1.2	2.2
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.630	101.2	102.1	1.6	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.9
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.523	108.8	108.9	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.755	244.1	261.5	11.5	5.8	2.3	4.0	7.1
Mineral products	V	10.991	176.3	191.0	-9.3	-2.1	3.5	9.8	8.3
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.519	106.2	112.8	22.3	-1.4	0.7	5.7	6.2
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	10.304	166.6	180.9	-10.6	-2.2	3.7	10.3	8.6
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.471	141.6	142.1	3.3	0.6	1.1	1.6	0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.675	135.2	136.9	-7.1	-2.6	-0.1	0.4	1.3
Organic chemicals	29	2.800	158.9	163.6	18.0	3.3	6.2	5.4	3.0
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.527	109.5	107.9	-0.2	0.3	-0.9	0.7	-1.5
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.876	128.4	129.9	0.9	0.1	0.1	0.1	1.2
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.454	125.5	125.5	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.987	156.3	155.8	-1.5	-0.1	0.2	-0.3	-0.3
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.168	145.3	147.9	4.7	0.2	1.8	1.8	1.8
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.319	143.3	146.3	5.8	0.3	2.1	2.1	2.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.849	151.0	151.5	-0.7	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.578	104.8	110.6	21.9	2.1	1.9	1.9	5.5
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.810	124.5	128.7	9.7	-1.6	0.1	2.3	3.4
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.580	123.3	131.8	37.4	-6.3	0.6	7.9	6.9
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.952	122.7	125.2	1.0	0.3	-0.2	0.1	2.0
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.677	119.7	122.2	0.6	0.3	0.8	0.3	2.1
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.509	118.0	126.8	4.5	1.3	3.2	1.5	7.5
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.792	130.8	132.6	4.8	0.3	0.6	0.8	1.4
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.444	99.2	99.1	-0.9	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.624	300.3	314.1	18.0	-0.6	0.4	-1.3	4.6
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.667	167.2	184.0	16.8	0.8	1.0	3.0	10.0
Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)	72	0.927	100.0	134.5	-	-	-	-	34.5
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.579	217.8	228.7	25.7	0.0	4.4	7.8	5.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.821	118.9	128.9	29.8	2.3	2.7	9.6	8.4
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	27.986	97.5	97.7	0.1	-0.1	-0.4	-0.1	0.2
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.615	115.1	115.6	-0.1	-0.2	-0.3	0.0	0.4
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.370	78.6	78.4	0.3	0.0	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	12.736	138.5	139.0	1.0	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.251	116.6	117.0	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	6.103	110.3	110.0	-0.5	-0.3	0.1	0.1	-0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.275	113.7	114.5	1.6	0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.7
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.715	133.7	134.9	2.8	0.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.9
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.405	87.2	87.9	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: January 2020 to January 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Dec. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	127.5	130.1	2.8	-0.2	-0.2	1.7	2.0
Nonmanufacturing	7.918	159.8	170.2	-3.5	0.7	3.3	10.5	6.5
Manufacturing	91.368	123.9	125.7	3.1	-0.3	-0.6	0.7	1.5
Canada	100.000	138.4	145.4	6.1	-0.1	-0.2	4.1	5.1
Nonmanufacturing	23.145	156.5	166.9	-2.9	0.4	3.5	11.0	6.6
Manufacturing	75.674	136.0	141.7	9.3	-0.4	-1.5	1.4	4.2
European Union	100.000	139.4	139.9	1.7	0.0	-0.3	0.4	0.4
Manufacturing	98.983	135.6	136.0	1.6	0.0	-0.3	0.4	0.3
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	129.4	129.0	0.7	0.0	-0.2	0.2	-0.3
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	115.0	116.4	2.6	-0.2	0.0	0.5	1.2
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	123.4	125.5	2.1	0.3	-0.1	1.4	1.7
Latin America(3)	100.000	145.4	146.9	1.1	-0.4	-0.1	1.0	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	11.630	220.1	228.5	-12.4	-3.5	-2.6	5.7	3.8
Manufacturing	88.085	121.6	122.4	3.6	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.7
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.2	128.2	1.8	-0.2	-0.9	0.2	0.8
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	6.487	113.2	119.7	-10.7	-3.5	-12.1	5.2	5.7
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	93.261	88.9	89.2	2.9	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.3
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	98.3	98.7	1.1	-0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.6	98.9	0.7	-0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3
Japan	100.000	97.2	97.4	0.5	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.2
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	98.6	98.8	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.3	0.2
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	86.5	87.3	1.2	-0.1	-0.3	0.7	0.9
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	98.6	99.5	1.9	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.9
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	158.1	164.1	-8.5	0.2	1.2	4.3	3.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: January 2020 to January 2021 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Dec. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	104.5	106.0	2.4	0.2	0.7	0.8	1.4
Nonmanufacturing	10.115	99.4	107.6	1.8	1.8	6.3	3.2	8.2
Manufacturing	88.516	105.1	105.7	2.0	0.0	0.1	0.5	0.6
Canada	100.000	105.6	107.8	2.7	0.6	1.2	0.6	2.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	8.265	100.0	109.8	-	-	-	-	9.8
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	90.558	100.0	101.3	-	-	-	-	1.3
European Union	100.000	104.7	106.1	1.0	-0.4	0.0	1.6	1.3
Nonmanufacturing	10.923	91.5	100.0	0.2	0.1	4.6	8.3	9.3
Manufacturing	87.675	105.9	106.1	0.5	-0.6	-0.3	1.0	0.2
Germany	100.000	107.9	109.1	3.5	-0.4	-0.3	0.7	1.1
Latin America(3)	100.000	98.7	102.7	1.1	0.6	0.8	2.0	4.1
Nonmanufacturing	8.942	117.0	130.4	23.4	3.5	10.3	2.5	11.5
Manufacturing	90.667	97.3	100.5	-0.8	0.4	0.0	2.0	3.3
Mexico	100.000	99.3	102.5	1.5	0.8	1.1	1.0	3.2
Nonmanufacturing	7.894	115.7	124.9	27.3	0.7	20.8	-0.3	8.0
Manufacturing	91.683	98.2	101.0	-0.1	0.9	-0.1	1.1	2.9
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	101.2	103.3	3.7	0.5	1.1	1.3	2.1
Nonmanufacturing	15.062	92.9	103.0	6.2	1.7	3.4	5.2	10.9
Manufacturing	82.455	102.4	102.7	2.1	0.3	0.7	0.3	0.3
China	100.000	101.0	100.9	3.9	0.7	1.8	1.9	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	13.211	91.5	102.6	8.1	1.8	4.8	9.2	12.1
Manufacturing	84.872	104.1	101.9	2.4	1.1	1.5	0.6	-2.1
Japan	100.000	102.1	104.3	3.8	0.8	0.6	1.4	2.2
Nonmanufacturing	19.383	95.8	104.9	6.9	2.5	5.4	6.7	9.5
Manufacturing	78.600	102.2	102.5	2.1	0.3	-0.3	-0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: January 2020 to January 2021(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Annual	Monthly
			Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.3	99.7	-0.4	0.5	0.8	-0.9	-0.6
Canada	100.3	97.4	-3.2	0.7	1.4	-3.3	-2.9
European Union	101.1	102.1	-0.7	-0.4	0.3	1.1	1.0
Germany	108.0	107.9	0.8	-0.2	-0.3	0.1	-0.1
Latin America(3)	101.1	104.1	0.0	1.1	0.9	0.9	3.0
Mexico	100.7	103.1	-0.4	1.0	2.0	0.9	2.4
Pacific Rim(4)	101.3	103.0	2.6	0.6	1.0	1.0	1.7
China	102.5	102.1	3.1	0.8	1.7	1.6	-0.4
Japan	100.3	102.3	3.3	0.5	0.5	1.2	2.0
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: January 2020 to January 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Dec. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	320.2	301.6	69.3	4.1	9.8	6.2	-5.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.275	242.1	248.0	72.1	10.9	0.5	0.5	2.4
Asia	69.670	342.4	310.9	85.8	1.8	15.7	9.3	-9.2
Export Air Freight	100.000	165.8	168.2	-0.1	-6.7	3.4	4.3	1.4
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	32.062	147.6	140.9	-10.3	-11.6	6.1	5.5	-4.5
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	41.400	119.7	119.9	1.3	-4.3	0.4	5.1	0.2
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	243.1	239.7	45.9	3.0	6.3	6.3	-1.4
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	22.742	168.9	178.0	34.0	8.3	-0.8	0.0	5.4
Asia	68.574	257.7	247.9	63.6	1.3	10.8	9.9	-3.8
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	151.4	151.2	0.9	-4.6	4.9	5.1	-0.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	32.236	167.3	160.7	-1.0	-15.2	8.0	6.5	-3.9
Asia	47.541	144.7	144.7	1.2	4.0	3.3	6.3	0.0
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	157.3	148.5	-13.6	3.9	-0.3	3.9	-5.6
Europe	35.698	137.9	131.9	-36.3	3.6	-3.1	-5.2	-4.4
Asia	36.030	200.6	189.8	45.2	3.9	5.4	10.0	-5.4
Latin America/Caribbean	6.870	120.7	99.7	-33.4	7.8	-0.8	2.5	-17.4
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	153.3	170.4	8.0	-4.0	14.5	-9.5	11.2
Europe	28.286	180.7	187.3	2.2	2.4	13.3	-0.2	3.7
Asia	29.593	164.4	202.9	37.3	-21.0	46.5	-24.5	23.4
Latin America/Caribbean	22.382	140.2	155.6	-12.2	11.2	-6.5	-3.2	11.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.