Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-20-0405
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, March 13, 2020

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                              U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - FEBRUARY 2020                              

U.S. import prices declined 0.5 percent in February, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, after 
ticking up 0.1 percent in January. In February, falling import fuel prices more than offset higher prices for 
nonfuel imports. Prices for U.S. exports decreased 1.1 percent in February, after advancing 0.6 percent the 
previous month.

Imports

Import prices declined 0.5 percent in February, after rising 0.1 percent in January and 0.2 percent in 
December. The decline in February was the largest decrease since the index fell 0.6 percent in August. 
Prices for U.S. imports decreased 1.2 percent from February 2019 to February 2020, as declining prices for 
both nonfuel and fuel imports contributed to the movement. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices decreased 7.7 percent in February, the largest monthly decline since the 
index dropped 7.8 percent in June 2019. The February decrease was led by lower prices for petroleum, 
though falling prices for natural gas also contributed to the monthly decline. Petroleum prices fell 7.6 
percent in February following no change in January and a 0.5-percent advance in December. The price 
index for natural gas declined 12.4 percent in February, after decreasing 13.2 percent in January. Import fuel 
prices fell 5.8 percent over the past 12 months, driven by a 5.5-percent drop in petroleum prices and a 13.9-
percent decline in natural gas prices.

 
All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports increased 0.3 percent in February, 
following rises of 0.2 percent and 0.1 percent in January and December, respectively. Higher prices for 
nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; foods, feeds, and beverages; and capital goods all contributed to 
the February advance. Despite the recent monthly increases, nonfuel import prices fell 0.7 percent over the 
12-month period ended in February and have not increased on an over-the-year basis since rising 0.6 percent 
in December 2018.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Import prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials rose 
1.1 percent in February following an advance of 0.2 percent the previous month. The February advance was 
primarily driven by a 3.6-percent rise in unfinished metals prices and a 1.8-percent advance in building 
materials prices.
	
Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly unchanged in February. Capital goods prices ticked up 
0.1 percent for the second consecutive month in February. Prices for automotive vehicles and consumer 
goods were unchanged in February. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices advanced 1.5 percent in February, after 
rising 0.4 percent in January. Increases in prices for fruit, distilled alcoholic beverages, and vegetables drove 
the monthly advance.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2019
February	1.0	10.2	0.1	0.6	0.2	0.7
March	0.6	7.2	-0.2	0.7	0.9	0.7
April	0.2	1.9	-0.1	0.1	-1.4	0.2
May	0.2	3.6	-0.3	-0.3	-1.1	-0.2
June	-1.1	-7.8	-0.3	-0.6	2.4	-0.9
July	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2
August	-0.6	-4.2	-0.1	-0.6	-2.4	-0.3
September	0.1	1.0	-0.1	-0.3	-1.6	-0.2
October	-0.4	-1.6	-0.3	0.0	1.7	-0.2
November	0.2	(r)2.2	-0.1	0.1	2.4	-0.1
December	0.2	(r)1.1	(r)0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
2020
January	(r)0.1	(r)-0.6	0.2	(r)0.6	(r)2.1	(r)0.6
February	-0.5	-7.7	0.3	-1.1	-2.7	-1.0
Feb. 2018 to 2019	-0.7	-1.2	-0.5	0.2	-0.3	0.3
Feb. 2019 to 2020	-1.2	-5.8	-0.7	-1.3	0.2	-1.6
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices decreased 1.1 percent in February, the largest monthly decline since the index fell 1.1 
percent in December 2015. In February, falling prices for both agricultural and nonagricultural exports 
contributed to the overall decrease. Prices for exports declined 1.3 percent on a 12-month basis in February, 
after rising 0.4 percent from January 2019 to January 2020. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports declined 2.7 percent in February following 
an increase of 2.1 percent in January. Falling prices for vegetables, soybeans, and meat in February more 
than offset higher fruit prices. Prices for agricultural exports increased over the past 12 months, rising 0.2 
percent from February 2019 to February 2020.  

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices decreased 1.0 percent in February, after 
advancing 0.6 percent the previous month. In February, declining prices for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials drove the decrease in nonagricultural export prices. The price index for 
nonagricultural exports declined 1.6 percent for the year ended in February.    

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials declined 3.2 percent in February following a 0.8-percent increase the previous month. The 
February decrease was led by a 9.9-percent decline in fuel prices. Lower chemicals prices also contributed 
to the decline. 

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods categories were up in February. The export 
price index for capital goods rose 0.3 percent, led by higher prices for both electrical generating equipment 
and nonelectrical machinery. Prices for automotive vehicles increased 0.2 percent in February, driven by a 
0.2-percent rise in automotive parts prices. In February, consumer goods prices increased 0.2 percent, the 
largest rise since the index advanced 0.3 percent in July. Higher prices for medicinal, dental, and 
pharmaceutical preparatory materials as well as home entertainment equipment drove the advance.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China declined 0.2 percent in February, 
after no change in January. The February decline was the largest drop since the index fell 0.3 percent in 
January 2019. Prices for imports from China declined 1.5 percent over the past year. Import prices from 
Japan recorded no change in February, after ticking up 0.1 percent in January. The price index for imports 
from Canada fell 2.8 percent in February, the largest decrease since the index declined 4.4 percent in June 
2019. The February drop was driven by lower fuel prices. Import prices from Canada fell 3.6 percent over 
the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year decline since the index decreased 9.1 percent for the year 
ended December 2018. In contrast, prices for imports from Mexico increased in February, ticking up 0.1 
percent for the month. Import prices from the European Union recorded no change in February after the 
index rose 0.3 percent in January. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China decreased 0.9 percent in February, after 
rising 0.2 percent in January. The February decline was the largest 1-month drop since the index decreased 
1.2 percent in August. An 8.2-percent decrease in prices for nonmanufacturing exports drove the February 
decline. The price index for exports to Japan fell 1.3 percent in February following no change in January 
and December. Prices for exports to Japan decreased 0.7 percent over the past 12 months. Export prices to 
Canada and Mexico both declined in February, falling 1.6 percent and 2.3 percent, respectively. The price 
index for exports to the European Union fell 1.0 percent in February, the largest monthly decrease since the 
index was first published in December 2017. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
China declined 0.7 percent in February, the largest monthly drop since falling 1.0 percent in August. In 
February, falling export prices to China more than offset lower import prices from China. The index for 
U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 1.2 percent in February, the largest decrease since the index fell 
1.4 percent in January 2019. The U.S. terms of trade with Canada advanced 1.2 percent and the U.S. terms 
of trade with Mexico decreased 2.4 percent in February. The U.S. terms of trade with the European Union 
decreased 1.0 percent in February, the largest monthly drop since the index was first published in December 
2017. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 0.2 percent in February following an 8.7-percent decrease in 
January. The February advance was led by higher Latin American/Caribbean and European fares. Import air 
passenger fares decreased 7.4 percent for the year ended in February. Import air freight prices declined 1.3 
percent in February, after decreasing 2.3 percent in January. Despite the recent declines, prices for import 
air freight rose over the past year, advancing 0.3 percent. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares fell 9.3 percent in February, the largest decline since 
decreasing 11.6 percent in February 2017. The February decline was driven by a 13.9-percent decrease in 
Asian fares and a 13.0-percent drop in Latin American/Caribbean fares. Export air passenger fares 
decreased 2.6 percent over the past year. Prices for export air freight fell 1.4 percent in February, the largest 
1-month decline since the index decreased 1.4 percent in September. Despite the decline in February, export 
air freight prices rose 0.4 percent over the past 12 months.  

		
Import and Export Price Index data for March are scheduled for release on Tuesday, April 14, 2020 at 
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2019 to February 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jan. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2020	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020
All commodities		100.000	125.0	124.4	-1.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.5
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		84.104	98.9	99.1	-0.8	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2
All imports excluding petroleum		90.667	112.1	112.3	-0.8	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		90.221	115.9	116.3	-0.7	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.117	178.3	181.0	0.8	-0.4	1.1	0.4	1.5
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.721	193.0	195.9	-0.5	-0.5	1.4	0.0	1.5
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.396	145.9	148.1	5.4	0.1	0.1	1.9	1.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	23.443	187.5	182.7	-2.7	0.9	0.5	-0.2	-2.6
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.352	154.9	155.8	-1.1	1.4	0.6	-0.4	0.6
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		13.681	174.1	176.0	-0.6	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.1
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.595	167.6	170.5	2.0	0.2	-0.3	0.7	1.7
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.516	139.2	137.5	-5.8	3.0	1.9	-2.0	-1.2
Fuels & lubricants	10	9.779	210.7	194.4	-5.8	2.2	1.1	-0.6	-7.7
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	9.333	226.4	209.2	-5.5	0.9	0.5	0.0	-7.6
Crude	10000	6.369	230.5	209.6	-8.8	1.8	0.9	-1.1	-9.1
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.446	122.8	109.5	-14.1	35.1	11.9	-10.9	-10.8
Gas-natural	10110	0.385	112.4	98.5	-13.9	44.3	14.5	-13.2	-12.4
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.505	110.3	109.9	-12.2	-1.5	-0.8	-1.1	-0.4
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.564	154.3	154.4	-4.0	-0.1	0.7	-0.7	0.1
Selected building materials	13	1.496	142.8	145.3	0.0	-0.1	0.3	-0.3	1.8
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.520	237.4	245.9	5.8	0.6	-1.1	2.2	3.6
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.785	157.7	157.7	-0.9	0.0	0.4	0.1	0.0
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.794	113.1	112.8	-0.7	0.0	0.2	-0.5	-0.3
Capital goods	2	28.325	87.5	87.6	-1.7	-0.3	0.0	0.1	0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.592	120.2	119.9	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.392	79.5	79.6	-2.2	-0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.341	134.9	135.0	-0.7	-0.9	-0.4	-0.1	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.556	110.2	110.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.5	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.558	106.8	106.8	-0.6	-0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.071	123.8	123.9	0.3	0.0	0.2	-0.1	0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	12.227	91.0	91.0	-1.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.260	116.6	116.6	-2.9	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2019 to February 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jan. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2020	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020
All commodities		100.000	125.8	124.4	-1.3	0.1	-0.2	0.6	-1.1
Agricultural commodities		9.585	184.3	179.4	0.2	2.4	-0.1	2.1	-2.7
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		79.555	101.4	101.7	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.4	0.3
Nonagricultural commodities		90.415	121.4	120.2	-1.6	-0.1	-0.2	0.6	-1.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.903	188.8	183.4	0.9	2.2	-0.2	2.3	-2.9
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.335	187.2	181.5	0.9	2.5	-0.1	2.4	-3.0
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.568	221.4	220.6	0.1	-0.8	-0.7	2.0	-0.4
Industrial supplies & materials	1	32.836	152.4	147.7	-5.2	-0.2	-0.5	0.9	-3.1
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.445	168.8	171.4	4.0	0.3	-0.2	1.3	1.5
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		22.392	145.5	137.8	-9.3	-0.5	-0.6	0.7	-5.3
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.221	172.3	171.7	-4.2	1.4	0.2	0.6	-0.3
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		31.616	151.8	147.0	-5.2	-0.3	-0.4	0.8	-3.2
Fuels & lubricants	11	11.542	174.9	157.5	-13.6	-0.6	-0.8	1.0	-9.9
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.169	156.8	158.0	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2	0.8	0.8
Selected building materials	13	0.905	116.0	116.1	-5.2	-0.4	-0.8	-0.7	0.1
Capital goods	2	36.229	111.0	111.3	0.5	-0.1	0.1	0.4	0.3
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.712	118.2	120.1	2.1	0.1	0.1	0.8	1.6
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.590	94.8	95.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.3	0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	8.928	183.5	183.6	1.8	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	9.744	114.2	114.4	-0.3	0.0	-0.3	0.4	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.287	110.3	110.5	0.5	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.924	108.3	108.4	1.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	4.903	107.0	107.2	0.2	0.0	-0.3	0.1	0.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.460	98.9	98.7	-1.3	-0.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: February 2019 to February 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jan. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2020	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		8.937	112.2	105.0	-6.8	2.0	1.8	-0.9	-6.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.857	175.4	178.8	-2.8	-1.4	3.3	1.0	1.9
Crop production	111	1.479	181.9	187.9	-5.1	-2.2	3.1	0.1	3.3
Mining	21	7.080	105.7	96.6	-8.1	2.8	1.5	-1.4	-8.6
Oil and gas extraction	211	6.818	105.2	95.6	-9.0	2.9	1.4	-1.5	-9.1
Manufacturing		90.763	110.8	110.9	-0.5	-0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.297	125.4	125.8	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3
Food manufacturing	311	3.515	155.2	155.7	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.3
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.140	125.9	128.9	5.5	0.2	0.0	0.2	2.4
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.368	98.9	98.8	-1.4	-0.5	0.0	-0.4	-0.1
Textile product mills	314	0.926	106.6	106.6	-2.2	-0.3	-0.2	-0.6	0.0
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.714	112.6	112.5	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.0	-0.1
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.633	124.1	124.5	0.5	0.3	-0.1	0.3	0.3
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.291	125.0	124.4	-1.3	-0.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.5
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	0.787	99.6	103.2	-	-	-	-0.4	3.6
Paper manufacturing	322	0.988	107.6	107.4	-7.8	-0.8	-0.4	-0.5	-0.2
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.712	101.5	97.0	2.6	-1.8	-1.3	2.7	-4.4
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.181	137.8	137.9	-1.8	-0.1	0.3	-0.4	0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.368	119.2	118.9	-0.4	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.076	131.6	131.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 3	33	61.174	103.4	103.7	-0.6	-0.1	0.0	0.3	0.3
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.047	157.4	162.4	4.0	0.6	-0.9	2.0	3.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.203	126.2	126.4	0.0	-0.2	0.3	-0.4	0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.690	119.3	119.4	0.5	0.1	-0.1	0.5	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.912	71.7	71.7	-3.1	-0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.443	117.2	116.8	0.2	-0.4	0.3	-0.1	-0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.587	109.4	109.4	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.5	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.890	115.5	115.6	-1.6	-0.3	-0.2	0.1	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.402	118.8	119.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: February 2019 to February 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jan. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2020	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		10.101	128.8	120.9	-11.0	0.9	-0.4	0.2	-6.1
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.802	157.1	151.3	-1.2	3.2	-1.2	3.5	-3.7
Crop production	111	4.553	164.8	158.3	-1.2	3.3	-1.2	3.8	-3.9
Mining	21	5.298	76.9	70.5	-20.1	-1.6	0.6	-2.7	-8.3
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.190	97.3	97.0	-18.6	-3.5	-1.9	-4.7	-0.3
Manufacturing		88.680	116.9	116.2	-0.3	0.0	-0.2	0.7	-0.6
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.798	143.2	141.8	1.1	0.9	0.6	1.1	-1.0
Food manufacturing	311	4.698	162.8	160.3	2.2	1.3	0.9	1.1	-1.5
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.635	122.5	122.8	-2.2	0.0	-0.2	1.0	0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	24.502	113.7	110.3	-3.8	-0.1	-0.7	1.1	-3.0
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.449	92.7	92.6	-10.3	-0.7	-0.4	-1.1	-0.1
Paper manufacturing	322	1.476	118.1	117.3	-10.1	-0.1	-0.3	-1.2	-0.7
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.172	110.0	97.3	-7.9	0.3	-1.9	4.5	-11.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.100	117.1	117.0	-1.9	-0.3	-0.3	0.1	-0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.287	116.8	117.1	0.5	0.0	-0.3	-0.1	0.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.818	117.1	117.3	0.7	-0.2	-0.5	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	57.380	115.6	116.1	1.0	-0.1	0.0	0.4	0.4
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.149	156.2	160.6	9.5	0.2	-0.2	2.4	2.8
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.051	150.3	150.7	3.6	-0.1	0.1	0.8	0.3
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.735	130.6	130.8	0.9	-0.4	-0.2	0.6	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.581	81.8	82.3	-0.6	0.1	-0.1	0.4	0.6
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.741	117.6	117.9	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.418	129.3	129.4	0.8	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.389	122.5	122.5	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.316	119.9	119.9	-0.2	-0.1	-0.3	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2019 to February 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Jan. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2020	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.392	200.8	199.3	3.1	1.0	1.5	0.8	-0.7
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.378	268.4	269.8	6.7	3.3	2.8	-3.6	0.5
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.748	144.2	141.9	2.5	0.2	1.2	3.4	-1.6
Vegetable products	II	1.821	201.1	208.2	-4.3	-2.3	2.7	0.2	3.5
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.478	489.2	505.8	-2.6	-1.3	5.6	-1.4	3.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.616	101.3	108.3	-9.7	-7.0	2.1	1.5	6.9
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.335	207.1	214.6	6.5	2.6	2.6	-1.8	3.6
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.254	89.6	88.6	-3.0	1.1	0.1	4.3	-1.1
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.967	168.1	169.8	2.7	0.2	0.3	0.1	1.0
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.205	101.5	102.9	7.3	0.4	2.7	0.1	1.4
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.368	171.7	171.3	-1.2	0.0	0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.090	136.4	140.0	5.7	0.2	0.1	0.3	2.6
Mineral products	V	9.825	211.3	196.1	-5.2	2.2	1.0	-0.5	-7.2
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.488	208.1	191.9	-6.1	2.3	1.1	-0.7	-7.8
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.575	156.3	156.7	-0.9	-0.1	0.4	-0.4	0.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.502	299.1	300.4	-9.5	3.4	3.5	-2.4	0.4
Organic chemicals	29	2.134	125.6	126.5	-0.9	-0.7	0.3	-0.1	0.7
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.896	154.3	154.2	0.8	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.625	104.2	104.2	1.5	0.1	-0.1	1.0	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.590	101.3	101.5	-3.8	-0.1	0.3	-1.1	0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.636	139.9	139.4	-0.7	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.4
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.443	142.3	141.7	-1.6	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.4
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.192	137.2	137.0	1.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.614	124.1	125.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.2	0.9
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.588	130.8	132.0	0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.2	0.9
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.811	144.2	149.5	-0.3	-0.8	0.5	-0.4	3.7
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	0.787	99.5	103.2	-	-	-	-0.5	3.7
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.013	112.4	112.2	-8.8	-0.9	-0.3	-1.7	-0.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.711	108.0	108.0	-3.7	-0.5	0.3	-0.6	0.0
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.818	114.2	114.0	-0.5	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.963	105.5	105.3	0.5	0.1	0.4	-0.2	-0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.605	121.0	120.8	0.3	-0.2	0.0	0.4	-0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.629	100.4	100.3	-3.5	-0.3	-0.1	-1.0	-0.1
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.374	124.4	124.5	1.2	0.4	0.7	0.2	0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.150	122.7	122.9	0.7	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.967	132.5	132.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.3
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.899	198.1	209.3	17.5	0.9	0.1	2.9	5.7
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.474	169.5	168.5	-4.9	-0.3	-0.5	0.2	-0.6
Iron and steel	72	1.104	199.3	201.8	-7.9	-2.1	-0.7	-0.1	1.3
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.676	146.9	146.7	-2.6	-0.5	0.5	-0.4	-0.1
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.430	277.3	264.5	-8.4	2.7	0.3	2.4	-4.6
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.903	127.6	125.9	-5.6	1.5	-0.3	0.3	-1.3
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.459	122.7	123.0	-0.7	-0.6	-0.2	0.0	0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.531	134.6	134.5	-2.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.251	78.7	78.6	-1.6	-0.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.310	83.9	84.0	-2.9	-0.6	0.0	-0.2	0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.942	73.6	73.5	-0.4	0.0	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.743	114.1	114.1	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.7	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.627	113.2	113.2	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.6	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.059	101.8	102.0	-0.2	0.1	0.3	-0.1	0.2
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.788	97.9	98.1	-0.6	0.1	0.3	-0.5	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.433	111.3	111.4	-1.2	0.0	0.1	-0.2	0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.789	117.0	117.1	-1.3	-0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.376	102.1	102.2	-0.4	0.7	0.0	-0.2	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.268	127.2	127.2	-1.9	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2019 to February 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Jan. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2020	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.974	217.6	213.8	2.2	1.5	0.3	0.7	-1.7
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.171	167.9	163.9	1.5	3.2	1.0	0.2	-2.4
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.357	122.0	120.5	-1.0	-1.3	-0.9	2.2	-1.2
Vegetable products	II	4.410	204.0	194.9	-0.9	3.3	-1.2	3.7	-4.5
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.952	137.1	137.7	-2.7	3.1	1.5	-5.4	0.4
Cereals	10	1.428	200.8	200.3	1.3	2.5	-0.4	3.5	-0.2
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.488	199.0	188.3	-1.5	2.9	-2.8	4.6	-5.4
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.085	157.3	155.4	1.5	0.6	0.5	0.7	-1.2
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100)	20	0.330	99.9	99.8	-	-	-	-0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.586	100.4	100.7	4.8	0.6	0.2	0.0	0.3
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.554	106.7	106.8	1.0	-1.7	-1.1	-4.4	0.1
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.774	236.7	225.1	-0.1	3.5	3.1	6.6	-4.9
Mineral products	V	11.451	210.5	189.5	-13.5	-0.5	-0.9	1.1	-10.0
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.382	91.7	91.2	-7.3	0.7	-4.7	-2.8	-0.5
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	10.874	202.3	181.1	-14.0	-0.6	-0.7	1.3	-10.5
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.841	137.6	137.2	-1.7	-0.2	-0.1	0.2	-0.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.744	147.7	140.6	-6.5	-0.7	-0.4	0.9	-4.8
Organic chemicals	29	2.448	138.3	138.4	-6.7	-0.7	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.134	108.0	108.4	2.7	0.3	0.0	0.3	0.4
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.529	104.9	105.0	2.4	-0.1	-0.7	-0.1	0.1
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.860	128.8	128.2	-3.9	-0.2	0.1	-1.2	-0.5
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.487	125.2	125.4	2.1	0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.013	158.8	158.7	1.4	0.1	0.0	1.7	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.072	141.2	142.0	-1.2	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.6
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.195	138.2	139.0	-1.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.6
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.877	152.6	153.1	-2.0	-0.3	-0.7	0.4	0.3
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.545	90.6	90.5	-9.6	-0.6	-1.2	-0.5	-0.1
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.709	117.3	117.4	-9.4	-0.4	0.0	-1.1	0.1
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.399	95.9	99.0	-	-	-	-4.1	3.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.022	124.0	122.6	-4.4	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-1.1
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.695	121.5	121.0	-2.0	0.8	0.1	1.9	-0.4
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.490	121.3	119.4	-5.5	3.2	0.3	3.9	-1.6
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.799	127.0	127.0	0.9	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.389	100.0	100.0	-	-	-	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.603	266.1	276.2	13.4	0.2	-0.4	1.9	3.8
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.602	157.8	156.2	-2.3	0.8	0.3	1.5	-1.0
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.507	182.0	172.8	-6.4	2.2	0.4	4.1	-5.1
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.680	99.3	101.0	-3.7	-0.1	-0.2	1.0	1.7
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.337	156.1	156.1	2.0	-0.1	-0.2	1.8	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.103	97.6	97.8	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.3	0.2
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.787	115.7	115.7	-0.6	-0.2	-0.3	0.3	0.0
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.316	78.2	78.6	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.5
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.235	137.6	138.0	1.1	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.3
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	7.975	116.6	116.9	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.993	110.6	111.0	1.7	-0.3	-0.2	0.3	0.4
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.321	112.4	112.4	-0.4	-0.1	0.2	-0.4	0.0
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.737	131.2	131.1	0.7	0.0	-0.1	0.5	-0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.430	87.1	87.1	-1.5	-0.1	0.6	-1.9	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: February 2019 to February 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jan. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2020	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	126.9	125.9	-0.3	0.5	0.0	0.0	-0.8
Nonmanufacturing	11.018	181.1	166.3	-8.6	2.5	-1.3	-0.1	-8.2
Manufacturing	88.491	121.8	121.9	0.7	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Canada	100.000	138.3	134.4	-3.6	0.9	-0.6	0.2	-2.8
Nonmanufacturing	31.143	176.9	161.9	-8.9	2.6	-1.5	-0.1	-8.5
Manufacturing	68.036	129.7	129.4	-1.1	0.4	-0.4	0.2	-0.2
European Union	100.000	137.4	137.4	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.0
Manufacturing	98.552	133.7	133.7	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.0
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.0	127.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.5	-0.6
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	113.3	113.7	1.2	0.0	0.5	0.2	0.4
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	122.7	123.4	2.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.6
Latin America(3)	100.000	145.1	144.4	-2.4	-0.6	0.3	0.1	-0.5
Nonmanufacturing	15.241	257.6	244.5	-4.6	-0.8	4.3	0.2	-5.1
Manufacturing	84.472	118.2	118.6	-2.1	-0.6	-0.4	0.1	0.3
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	125.9	126.0	-1.2	-1.0	0.3	0.0	0.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.121	133.9	130.1	-3.1	-6.5	5.3	1.2	-2.8
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.588	86.7	86.9	-1.0	-0.6	0.0	-0.1	0.2
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	97.6	97.5	-1.2	-0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.1	97.9	-1.5	-0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Japan	100.000	96.9	96.9	0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	98.7	98.8	-0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	86.2	85.8	-2.8	-0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.5
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.3	97.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.2
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	176.6	168.4	-2.8	3.7	-0.3	-1.0	-4.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: February 2019 to February 2020 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jan. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2020	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	103.6	102.4	-0.6	0.2	-0.1	0.6	-1.2
Nonmanufacturing	10.410	105.6	95.8	-14.2	1.1	-0.2	0.3	-9.3
Manufacturing	88.339	103.6	103.4	0.8	0.1	-0.1	0.6	-0.2
Canada	100.000	105.2	103.5	-0.9	0.7	-0.1	0.5	-1.6
European Union	100.000	105.1	104.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.6	-1.0
Nonmanufacturing	9.507	99.8	91.9	-14.5	-1.4	1.3	-1.3	-7.9
Manufacturing	89.054	105.6	105.2	1.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.8	-0.4
Germany	100.000	105.6	103.1	1.1	0.1	0.2	1.0	-2.4
Latin America(3)	100.000	101.6	98.5	-2.9	0.2	-0.5	1.6	-3.1
Nonmanufacturing	7.399	105.7	101.2	-5.4	1.2	-1.6	1.8	-4.3
Manufacturing	92.125	101.3	98.3	-2.7	0.0	-0.3	1.5	-3.0
Mexico	100.000	100.9	98.6	-2.2	0.4	-0.4	1.1	-2.3
Nonmanufacturing	5.729	98.1	94.2	-7.6	2.2	-3.6	1.8	-4.0
Manufacturing	93.701	101.1	98.8	-1.9	0.3	-0.3	1.2	-2.3
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	99.5	98.3	-2.0	-0.6	-0.2	0.3	-1.2
Nonmanufacturing	14.915	96.8	90.4	-7.5	-3.7	-0.5	1.3	-6.6
Manufacturing	83.487	100.5	100.3	-0.8	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
China	100.000	97.5	96.6	-2.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.9
Nonmanufacturing	13.304	94.9	87.1	-9.2	1.2	0.1	-0.1	-8.2
Manufacturing	84.718	99.9	100.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.3
Japan	100.000	100.5	99.2	-0.7	-0.4	0.0	0.0	-1.3
Nonmanufacturing	20.666	98.0	91.9	-9.8	-1.3	1.1	-0.7	-6.2
Manufacturing	77.720	100.3	100.0	0.8	-0.4	-0.2	0.0	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: February 2019 to February 2020(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Annual	Monthly
			Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2020	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	99.9	99.6	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.6	-0.3
Canada	100.0	101.2	2.8	-0.3	0.6	0.3	1.2
European Union	103.0	102.0	-0.5	-0.4	0.0	0.3	-1.0
Germany	107.3	104.4	-0.1	0.1	-0.4	0.8	-2.7
Latin America(3)	104.3	101.6	-0.5	0.8	-0.8	1.5	-2.6
Mexico	103.4	100.9	-1.1	1.5	-0.7	1.1	-2.4
Pacific Rim(4)	100.3	99.2	-0.8	-0.5	-0.3	0.3	-1.1
China	99.5	98.8	-0.5	0.3	-0.1	0.2	-0.7
Japan	99.0	97.8	-1.0	-0.4	0.2	-0.2	-1.2
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: February 2019 to February 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jan. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Feb. 2019 to Feb. 2020	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	178.1	175.7	0.3	2.2	1.8	-2.3	-1.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.111	144.1	144.4	-3.3	-1.2	-0.1	0.6	0.2
Asia	58.645	167.3	163.4	1.6	4.0	2.8	-4.4	-2.3
Export Air Freight	100.000	168.3	166.0	0.4	-0.2	0.8	2.7	-1.4
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	31.774	157.1	155.3	3.4	0.6	0.7	3.1	-1.1
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	164.3	162.5	-2.3	1.3	1.2	-0.9	-1.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.522	132.8	132.6	-4.0	-1.0	-0.1	1.3	-0.2
Asia	57.197	151.5	148.9	-2.1	2.6	1.9	-2.6	-1.7
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	149.9	190.6	31.9	2.2	0.9	1.6	27.2
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	32.704	162.3	161.3	7.0	1.0	1.3	2.3	-0.6
Asia	46.073	143.0	227.3	61.8	4.3	1.0	1.3	59.0
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	171.9	172.3	-7.4	2.7	5.7	-8.7	0.2
Europe	47.271	207.1	208.3	-7.5	8.0	-1.4	0.8	0.6
Asia	22.045	130.7	121.3	-3.3	0.1	19.3	-14.7	-7.2
Latin America/Caribbean	7.922	149.7	162.7	4.7	4.0	16.1	-19.2	8.7
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	157.8	143.1	-2.6	3.3	-0.7	7.4	-9.3
Europe	26.895	183.2	179.5	-7.6	4.5	-2.2	-0.9	-2.0
Asia	27.049	147.8	127.2	-1.9	5.2	-1.9	14.4	-13.9
Latin America/Caribbean	27.656	177.3	154.3	2.9	0.9	3.7	11.9	-13.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.