U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-23-0487
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, March 16, 2023

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                              U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - FEBRUARY 2023                              

Prices for U.S. imports edged down 0.1 percent in February, after declining 0.4 percent in January, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower fuel prices in February more than offset higher nonfuel 
prices. U.S. export prices increased 0.2 percent in February following a 0.5-percent advance the previous 
month.

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports declined 0.1 percent in February. Prices for U.S. imports decreased each 
month since June 2022 with the exception of a 0.1-percent advance in December 2022. U.S. import prices 
declined 1.1 percent from February 2022 to February 2023, the first 12-month decrease since the index fell 
0.3 percent in December 2020 and the largest over-the-year drop since a 1.3-percent decline in September 
2020. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel fell 4.9 percent for the second consecutive month in February. Those 
are the largest monthly drops since September 2022 and import fuel prices have not risen on a 1-month basis 
since June 2022. Lower natural gas prices in February more than offset higher petroleum prices. Natural gas 
prices decreased 55.6 percent in February following a 10.3-percent advance in January and a 68.4-percent 
increase in December. In contrast, prices for import petroleum rose 1.5 percent in February. Import fuel 
prices declined 11.6 percent over the past year. The price index for import natural gas fell 16.4 percent for 
the year ended in February, and petroleum prices decreased 11.8 percent over the same period.  

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices rose 0.4 percent in February following a 0.2-percent 
advance in January. Higher prices in February for consumer goods; foods, feeds, and beverages; capital 
goods; and automotive vehicles more than offset lower nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices. 
Prices for nonfuel imports advanced 0.2 percent from February 2022 to February 2023. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for import foods, feeds, and beverages increased 1.3 percent 
in February, after advancing 1.2-percent the previous month. In February, higher fruit prices more than 
offset lower vegetable prices.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials edged down 
0.1 percent in February following a 0.3-percent drop in January. The February decline was driven by lower 
chemical prices.  

Finished Goods: Import prices increased for each of the major finished goods categories in February. The 
price index for consumer goods increased 0.5 percent in February, led in part by higher prices for medicinal, 
dental, and pharmaceutical materials. The February increase in consumer goods prices was the largest 
monthly advance since December 2021. Capital goods prices rose 0.3 percent for the second consecutive 
month in February and those are the largest 1-month advances since May 2022. Prices for automotive 
vehicles increased 0.2 percent in February, after rising 0.3 percent the previous month. Both monthly 
advances were driven by higher parts prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2022
February	1.8	10.6	0.8	3.2	2.9	3.3
March	2.9	17.8	1.2	3.9	4.5	3.8
April	0.5	0.8	0.4	1.0	1.2	1.1
May	0.5	6.1	-0.3	2.7	2.4	2.7
June	0.2	5.6	-0.6	1.1	0.0	1.2
July	-1.4	-6.9	-0.5	-3.7	-3.2	-3.8
August	-1.2	-8.6	-0.2	-1.4	-0.5	-1.4
September	-1.0	-6.3	-0.3	-0.9	-0.8	-0.9
October	-0.3	-2.2	-0.1	-0.5	-0.6	-0.5
November	-0.8	-3.9	-0.3	-0.4	2.8	-0.9
December	(r)0.1	(r)-2.3	0.4	(r)-3.0	(r)-2.4	(r)-3.1
2023
January	(r)-0.4	-4.9	(r)0.2	(r)0.5	(r)-0.9	(r)0.6
February	-0.1	-4.9	0.4	0.2	1.0	0.1
Feb. 2021 to 2022	11.4	57.9	7.4	16.8	18.2	16.6
Feb. 2022 to 2023	-1.1	-11.6	0.2	-0.8	3.3	-1.5
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports advanced 0.2 percent in February, after rising 0.5 percent in January. Those are the 
first monthly increases in export prices since June 2022. Despite the recent advances, U.S. export prices 
declined 0.8 percent over the past 12 months, the first over-the-year decrease since the index fell 1.0 percent 
from November 2019 to November 2020. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 1.0 percent in February following 
declines of 0.9 percent in January and 2.4 percent in December. Higher prices in February for vegetables, 
soybeans, and corn more than offset declining meat prices. Agricultural export prices increased 3.3 percent 
over the past year, the smallest 12-month advance since October 2020.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices ticked up 0.1 percent in February, after 
rising 0.6 percent the previous month. Higher prices for capital goods and consumer goods more than offset 
lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials, automotive vehicles, and nonagricultural 
foods. Prices for nonagricultural exports declined 1.5 percent for the year ended in February, the first 12-
month drop since the index edged down 0.1 percent in December 2020 and the largest over-the-year 
decrease since a 1.6-percent decline in November 2020. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials fell 0.5 percent in February following a 0.3-percent increase the previous month. The February 
decline was led by a 2.2-percent decrease in export fuel prices.

Finished Goods: Export prices for the major finished goods categories were mostly up in February. Capital 
goods prices rose 0.6 percent, after advancing 0.8 percent in January. The February advance was driven by 
higher prices for semiconductors; transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles; and industrial and 
service machinery. Prices for export consumer goods rose 0.7 percent in February following a 1.1-percent 
increase the previous month. Higher prices for medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical materials contributed 
to the advance. The price index for automotive vehicles edged down 0.1 percent in February, after a 1.6-
percent increase in January.

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China were unchanged in February, after falling 
0.5 percent the previous month. Import prices from China have not recorded a monthly advance since 
October 2022. Prices for imports from China declined 0.4 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-
the-year decrease since July 2020. Import prices from Japan fell 0.5 percent in February following a 0.2-
percent rise the previous month. The February decline was the first monthly decrease since November 2022 
and the largest decline since June 2015. Despite the February drop, prices for imports from Japan rose 1.4 
percent over the past year. The price index for imports from Canada declined 4.4 percent in February, the 
largest 1-month drop since July 2022. Prices for imports from Canada decreased 10.3 percent over the past 
year, the largest 12-month decline since June 2020. In contrast, import prices from the European Union and 
Mexico both rose 0.4 percent in February. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China rose 1.2 percent in February following a 0.8-
percent advance in January. The February increase was the largest monthly rise since June 2022. Despite the 
recent advances, prices for exports to China fell 3.6 percent over the past year. The price index for exports 
to Japan increased 3.3 percent in February, the largest 1-month advance since March 2022. Export prices to 
Japan also rose for the year ended in February, increasing 0.6 percent. Prices for exports to Canada 
advanced 0.5 percent in February, after declining 0.5 percent the previous month. In contrast, export prices 
to the European Union fell 0.6 percent in February and prices for exports to Mexico decreased 0.8 percent. 
(See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China advanced 
1.2 percent for the second consecutive month in February. Despite the recent increases, U.S. terms of trade 
with China fell 3.2 percent over the past year. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 3.8 percent 
in February, after declining 0.5 percent the previous month. In February, both higher export prices to Japan 
and lower import prices from Japan contributed to the advance. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 0.9 
percent for the year ended in February. U.S. terms of trade with Canada increased 5.1 percent in February 
and 14.7 percent over the past 12 months. The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and 
Mexico fell in February, declining 1.0 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares advanced 2.1 percent in February following a 12.4-percent drop the 
previous month. Higher Latin American/Caribbean fares in February more than offset lower European and 
Asian fares. The index for import air passenger fares rose 18.6 percent for the year ended in February. 
Import air freight prices decreased 4.7 percent in February, after declining 11.8 percent in January. The 
February drop was driven by a 7.3-percent decrease in Asian air freight prices. Prices for import air freight 
fell 31.6 percent from February 2022 to February 2023. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 13.7 percent in February following a 12.4-percent increase in 
January. The February drop in export air passenger fares was the largest monthly decrease since the 1-
month percent change series was first published in January 2001. Lower Latin American/Caribbean, Asian, 
and European fares in February all contributed to the decline. Despite the February decrease, export air 
passenger fares rose 9.2 percent over the past year. Export air freight prices advanced 3.5 percent in 
February, the largest monthly increase since March 2022. Prices for export air freight rose 3.8 percent over 
the past 12 months. 
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for March 2023 are scheduled for release on Friday, April 
14, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2022 to February 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jan. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2022 to Feb. 2023	Oct. 2022 to Nov. 2022	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023
All commodities		100.000	141.3	141.1	-1.1	-0.8	0.1	-0.4	-0.1
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.357	108.7	109.0	0.0	-0.6	0.4	0.1	0.3
All imports excluding petroleum		91.708	125.5	125.0	0.2	-0.2	0.9	0.3	-0.4
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		90.405	128.1	128.6	0.2	-0.3	0.4	0.2	0.4
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	7.048	211.7	214.5	2.0	1.8	0.6	1.2	1.3
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.601	232.9	236.4	3.9	2.6	0.7	1.2	1.5
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.446	162.2	163.3	-5.2	-1.3	0.1	1.5	0.7
Industrial supplies & materials	1	25.573	255.4	250.6	-7.6	-2.9	-0.1	-2.1	-1.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		17.499	220.6	211.6	-5.5	-1.9	3.7	0.4	-4.1
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		15.992	234.5	234.2	-5.1	-2.3	1.2	-0.3	-0.1
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.982	225.9	230.1	-4.8	-2.5	2.4	-0.2	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		7.298	216.2	190.4	-5.3	-0.8	5.9	1.3	-11.9
Fuels & lubricants	10	9.595	300.8	286.2	-11.6	-3.9	-2.3	-4.9	-4.9
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	8.292	296.8	301.3	-11.8	-4.7	-6.6	-6.7	1.5
Crude petroleum	10000	4.988	290.0	295.6	-16.8	-4.6	-10.6	-2.9	1.9
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	1.173	489.4	242.9	-14.1	7.4	56.1	9.4	-50.4
Natural gas	10110	1.063	516.1	229.0	-16.4	9.3	68.4	10.3	-55.6
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.553	148.7	145.8	15.0	-2.2	0.4	-0.9	-2.0
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	5.442	208.3	200.8	-6.6	-1.9	-1.2	-0.5	-3.6
Selected building materials	13	1.714	188.7	193.4	-17.7	-0.6	-2.5	-2.3	2.5
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.149	344.5	352.1	-5.4	-4.0	4.5	0.2	2.2
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	2.317	217.2	219.5	0.3	-2.5	3.1	0.4	1.1
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.802	127.3	129.3	3.6	0.1	-0.1	0.1	1.6
Capital goods	2	27.564	93.6	93.9	2.3	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3
Electric generating equipment	20	3.692	128.9	129.0	3.0	0.4	0.2	-0.2	0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.514	84.7	85.0	1.8	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.4
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.358	149.4	150.7	7.5	0.1	0.3	1.1	0.9
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	12.666	117.5	117.7	2.5	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.149	110.0	110.5	0.3	-0.2	0.1	0.1	0.5
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.665	124.9	125.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3
Durables, manufactured	41	13.499	95.5	95.7	0.5	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	0.985	128.2	133.7	0.9	-0.6	0.2	-0.8	4.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2022 to February 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jan. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2022 to Feb. 2023	Oct. 2022 to Nov. 2022	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023
All commodities		100.000	151.4	151.7	-0.8	-0.4	-3.0	0.5	0.2
Agricultural commodities		11.165	250.6	253.2	3.3	2.8	-2.4	-0.9	1.0
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		72.182	114.1	114.9	1.1	-0.3	0.4	0.6	0.7
All exports excluding fuels (June 2022=100)		82.442	99.4	100.1	-	0.1	0.0	0.9	0.7
Nonagricultural commodities		88.835	143.8	143.9	-1.5	-0.9	-3.1	0.6	0.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	10.260	253.4	255.2	3.1	3.2	-2.7	-0.9	0.7
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	9.827	255.1	257.0	3.6	3.4	-2.8	-0.9	0.7
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.433	223.2	220.9	-9.6	-0.8	0.1	-0.2	-1.0
Industrial supplies & materials	1	39.231	209.8	209.0	-6.5	-1.6	-6.5	0.2	-0.4
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.880	214.6	216.8	-2.6	-0.8	2.2	0.8	1.0
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		28.351	205.0	203.0	-7.9	-1.8	-9.2	0.0	-1.0
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.308	231.2	238.6	1.5	-1.2	0.6	-0.8	3.2
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		37.922	209.2	208.1	-6.8	-1.6	-6.8	0.3	-0.5
Fuels & lubricants	11	17.558	263.7	257.9	-9.9	-2.7	-14.0	0.7	-2.2
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.542	196.8	198.6	-4.0	-0.3	0.8	-0.1	0.9
Selected building materials	13	0.822	153.4	155.1	-3.7	-1.9	0.3	0.1	1.1
Capital goods	2	29.993	119.9	120.6	3.2	-0.2	0.1	0.8	0.6
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.373	136.9	137.9	5.3	1.2	0.4	0.7	0.7
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.033	100.8	101.3	2.4	-0.4	0.0	0.7	0.5
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	4.587	201.8	204.3	5.5	0.2	0.1	1.6	1.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	8.062	124.0	123.9	4.9	0.0	0.2	1.6	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.454	117.9	118.7	2.9	-0.3	0.0	1.1	0.7
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.596	109.6	110.3	0.0	-0.4	0.3	0.8	0.6
Durables, manufactured	41	4.645	117.8	117.9	5.6	-0.2	-0.2	1.6	0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.213	127.4	131.7	9.7	-0.7	-0.2	0.1	3.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: February 2022 to February 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jan. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2022 to Feb. 2023	Oct. 2022 to Nov. 2022	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		8.615	154.6	148.6	-11.2	-1.4	-2.3	-0.1	-3.9
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.176	218.2	227.0	2.3	5.4	1.8	1.6	4.0
Crop production	111	1.770	230.8	237.6	1.4	6.6	1.4	1.6	2.9
Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)	112	0.243	104.1	117.4	-	-	-	4.1	12.8
Mining	21	6.439	151.7	141.9	-15.3	-3.4	-3.5	-0.8	-6.5
Oil and gas extraction	211	6.175	150.6	139.4	-16.6	-3.6	-3.5	-1.1	-7.4
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2022=100)	212	0.264	106.8	123.5	-	-	-	6.8	15.6
Manufacturing		91.005	123.0	123.2	-0.1	-0.7	0.3	-0.4	0.2
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.294	138.6	139.1	1.7	-0.1	0.0	0.3	0.4
Food manufacturing	311	4.180	187.2	188.8	2.4	-0.5	0.0	0.6	0.9
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.145	137.3	138.4	4.1	0.1	0.4	1.6	0.8
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.193	119.4	119.2	2.9	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.357	126.8	126.4	-0.8	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 2	32	20.175	146.5	145.4	-4.2	-1.4	-0.8	-1.9	-0.8
Paper manufacturing	322	0.995	127.1	125.9	6.8	-1.7	0.2	-0.6	-0.9
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	3.106	145.0	146.0	2.7	-4.4	-0.4	-12.5	0.7
Chemical manufacturing	325	11.343	155.3	152.2	-4.9	-1.0	-0.9	0.7	-2.0
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.585	132.2	133.7	2.8	-0.4	-0.2	-0.7	1.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.045	143.1	143.5	2.7	-0.3	0.4	0.8	0.3
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.537	113.0	113.5	1.2	-0.5	0.7	0.1	0.4
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.957	233.1	237.7	-2.8	-4.1	4.3	0.0	2.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.307	149.7	149.6	0.3	-0.1	0.8	-0.6	-0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.576	130.4	131.2	4.4	0.0	0.5	1.6	0.6
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.832	73.7	73.9	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.5	0.3
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.871	126.5	126.9	1.4	0.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	12.863	116.4	116.7	2.5	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	2.009	130.0	130.3	3.2	-0.1	0.5	0.5	0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	6.122	126.6	127.1	2.3	0.0	0.5	0.1	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: February 2022 to February 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jan. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2022 to Feb. 2023	Oct. 2022 to Nov. 2022	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		15.968	194.2	191.0	-11.6	-0.4	-7.6	-2.5	-1.6
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.728	220.6	224.7	0.0	4.8	-3.4	-1.6	1.9
Crop production	111	5.459	234.7	239.1	0.7	4.9	-3.6	-1.8	1.9
Mining	21	10.240	119.6	115.2	-17.6	-3.0	-9.9	-3.0	-3.7
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	8.785	105.9	101.1	-19.8	-3.6	-11.4	-3.7	-4.5
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.454	150.8	153.1	-0.7	1.9	3.3	1.8	1.5
Manufacturing		82.363	134.6	135.2	1.6	-0.5	-2.2	0.8	0.4
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.936	176.2	176.6	4.0	0.2	-1.5	-0.3	0.2
Food manufacturing	311	5.140	208.1	208.2	4.4	0.2	-2.0	-0.6	0.0
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.529	145.5	149.4	7.6	1.4	0.7	-0.2	2.7
Manufacturing, part 2	32	26.347	140.0	140.4	-1.5	-0.8	-6.6	1.2	0.3
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.405	117.4	118.1	-13.2	-3.6	-2.2	0.6	0.6
Paper manufacturing	322	1.688	160.2	160.1	12.4	1.7	-0.7	1.8	-0.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	7.001	163.1	163.2	0.9	-1.8	-19.8	5.2	0.1
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.048	133.2	133.9	-4.8	-0.6	-0.5	-0.7	0.5
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.256	134.3	133.5	4.5	0.2	1.3	1.0	-0.6
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.758	133.0	134.8	4.6	-0.8	3.1	-0.1	1.4
Manufacturing, part 3	33	49.079	127.8	128.6	3.0	-0.4	0.3	0.8	0.6
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.283	206.3	210.1	-5.8	-2.4	2.4	-1.3	1.8
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.205	146.9	147.2	6.1	0.1	0.2	1.9	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.677	83.8	84.3	0.2	-0.7	-0.1	0.0	0.6
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.497	135.1	135.9	5.8	1.0	0.4	1.2	0.6
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	11.727	141.5	142.2	5.3	0.1	0.2	1.6	0.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.719	134.6	135.9	5.0	-0.3	-0.1	0.4	1.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2022 to February 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Jan. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2022 to Feb. 2023	Oct. 2022 to Nov. 2022	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	1.500	227.9	237.0	-2.2	-1.8	-0.6	1.1	4.0
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.369	295.9	295.9	-15.8	-2.8	-3.1	-2.1	0.0
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.823	160.1	162.2	-5.4	-1.8	0.3	2.3	1.3
Vegetable products	II	2.215	256.4	262.4	2.3	3.5	2.8	1.1	2.3
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.566	511.0	477.0	8.9	2.0	0.1	3.3	-6.7
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.784	125.5	131.2	-4.4	14.7	4.9	-0.6	4.5
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.380	296.1	311.4	0.1	-7.8	-2.1	4.0	5.2
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.398	154.5	150.7	-1.4	0.7	-1.4	1.7	-2.5
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.300	192.7	193.9	5.9	0.5	0.2	0.9	0.6
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.202	109.2	111.0	8.6	-0.5	-0.3	1.8	1.6
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.227	113.3	113.3	9.6	8.5	1.0	1.2	0.0
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2022=100)	21	0.398	100.0	100.0	-	-	-	0.0	0.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.079	150.5	151.7	4.2	0.3	0.1	1.8	0.8
Mineral products	V	9.699	307.6	294.8	-10.7	-3.6	-2.4	-4.9	-4.2
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.364	301.0	286.3	-11.7	-3.9	-2.5	-5.2	-4.9
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.696	175.4	174.2	-2.1	-0.5	-0.4	0.9	-0.7
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.655	553.2	538.2	1.2	0.4	-0.8	1.1	-2.7
Organic chemicals	29	2.354	146.2	146.9	-1.3	-1.2	0.3	1.7	0.5
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.095	146.9	148.0	-1.9	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.7
Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100)	31	0.521	99.7	73.3	-	-	-	-0.3	-26.5
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)	32	0.198	100.7	103.2	-	-	-	0.7	2.5
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.822	122.1	122.9	5.1	0.2	0.3	1.3	0.7
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.075	156.1	156.8	-1.8	-1.4	-0.2	-0.9	0.4
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.670	156.7	156.8	-4.7	-2.0	-0.3	-1.5	0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.405	158.0	160.0	4.9	-0.3	0.0	0.1	1.3
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.992	133.5	132.0	5.3	-2.1	0.1	-0.7	-1.1
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.398	120.8	120.7	0.7	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.209	127.6	127.6	2.7	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.192	126.6	126.2	0.4	0.1	-0.1	-0.3	-0.3
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	0.945	123.4	122.9	-0.5	0.0	0.0	-0.5	-0.4
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.913	135.7	136.6	2.6	-0.3	0.1	1.2	0.7
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.335	100.9	101.8	1.4	0.0	-0.6	-0.8	0.9
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.309	102.6	103.2	2.3	-0.5	-0.6	2.3	0.6
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.350	237.5	239.1	0.4	-3.7	4.9	2.0	0.7
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.288	236.7	239.2	-2.0	-1.6	1.5	-0.2	1.1
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.864	205.8	206.2	0.1	0.2	-0.1	0.9	0.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.531	377.7	403.3	-3.9	2.7	6.8	-0.7	6.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.072	194.0	198.6	-3.6	-1.7	5.5	0.6	2.4
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.438	131.1	131.6	3.1	-0.3	0.3	1.1	0.4
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.554	151.5	150.2	1.9	0.5	-0.1	-0.3	-0.9
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.765	82.8	83.1	1.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.4
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.207	90.0	90.5	2.1	0.0	0.2	0.4	0.6
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.558	76.1	76.1	0.3	0.0	-0.1	-0.4	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	10.756	121.4	121.6	2.9	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.2
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	10.137	120.5	120.6	2.6	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.510	107.9	108.0	6.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.046	106.2	106.6	2.3	0.2	0.5	0.2	0.4
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.762	101.9	102.2	2.2	0.3	0.4	-0.1	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.806	120.3	120.8	2.7	-0.2	0.5	0.3	0.4
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.756	128.7	129.0	2.1	-0.1	0.4	0.5	0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.769	106.3	106.3	3.2	-0.7	0.8	-0.2	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.281	139.1	146.4	6.8	1.4	0.1	0.7	5.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: February 2022 to February 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Jan. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Feb. 2022 to Feb. 2023	Oct. 2022 to Nov. 2022	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	2.149	273.8	270.6	-3.7	-0.4	-2.0	-0.3	-1.2
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.230	211.1	208.6	-9.3	-1.6	-4.2	-0.3	-1.2
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100)	03	0.280	99.4	98.1	-	-	-	-0.6	-1.3
Vegetable products	II	5.436	289.9	295.6	3.1	5.6	-4.0	-1.3	2.0
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.811	137.4	137.0	-4.6	4.3	1.6	-1.2	-0.3
Cereals	10	2.022	333.0	337.0	6.9	3.3	-8.4	1.3	1.2
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.122	315.4	319.6	1.6	5.2	-3.0	2.3	1.3
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.012	187.8	187.4	6.1	1.0	-1.4	0.1	-0.2
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.646	113.6	115.3	9.5	-0.4	0.9	2.8	1.5
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.463	108.4	108.7	-1.1	-0.3	0.3	0.5	0.3
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.815	324.3	321.3	2.9	3.1	-5.5	-4.1	-0.9
Mineral products	V	17.352	315.9	308.8	-11.0	-2.6	-13.9	0.2	-2.2
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.514	138.6	143.9	-2.0	1.9	6.4	7.8	3.8
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	16.620	303.1	295.7	-11.5	-2.7	-14.5	-0.1	-2.4
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	12.627	161.9	163.1	1.0	-0.7	-0.3	-0.8	0.7
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.344	106.8	107.4	-0.6	-0.7	0.4	1.2	0.6
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.842	145.9	147.4	5.6	-0.1	-0.1	3.4	1.0
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.469	136.1	136.3	4.3	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.1
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.228	188.2	188.8	-0.8	-0.8	0.3	2.2	0.3
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.533	158.9	159.1	-7.8	0.0	0.4	0.4	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	3.750	156.4	156.6	-9.5	0.0	0.3	0.4	0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.783	168.4	168.7	2.3	0.0	1.1	-0.1	0.2
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.485	112.2	112.9	-14.9	-3.7	-1.6	0.1	0.6
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.818	156.9	158.9	6.6	2.2	-0.7	2.8	1.3
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.579	175.6	182.8	6.2	5.9	-3.3	4.4	4.1
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.006	153.7	153.1	8.8	0.2	1.1	2.6	-0.4
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.610	176.7	188.6	-1.6	-4.8	0.7	-2.3	6.7
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.736	147.4	149.0	4.4	-0.2	1.4	0.0	1.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.456	113.2	113.2	5.2	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.622	320.6	324.5	-0.3	-2.3	2.9	0.9	1.2
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.417	208.9	212.0	-4.0	0.1	1.2	-0.3	1.5
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.580	261.0	274.2	-3.4	0.2	3.2	3.5	5.1
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.682	148.8	151.3	-4.5	-0.7	2.0	2.1	1.7
Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec. 2022=100)	83	0.310	100.5	99.0	-	-	-	0.5	-1.5
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	25.397	105.8	106.4	3.9	-0.2	0.0	1.2	0.6
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.557	127.6	128.1	4.7	-0.2	0.1	1.8	0.4
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.840	82.7	83.4	2.8	0.0	-0.1	0.4	0.8
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	8.926	149.7	150.1	4.2	0.1	0.3	0.7	0.3
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	6.770	125.4	125.2	3.5	0.0	0.3	0.6	-0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.402	114.5	114.6	1.4	-0.3	0.3	0.4	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.196	136.3	136.6	10.3	-0.4	0.1	1.5	0.2
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi	94	0.572	149.5	149.5	4.5	-1.1	0.0	0.5	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.482	117.6	117.9	19.2	-0.1	0.5	3.1	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: February 2022 to February 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jan. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Feb. 2022 to Feb. 2023	Oct. 2022 to Nov. 2022	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	147.0	144.9	-3.0	-1.5	0.6	0.1	-1.4
Nonmanufacturing	11.596	264.5	237.5	-20.7	-4.1	-1.7	0.0	-10.2
Manufacturing	87.795	137.5	137.2	-0.1	-1.0	0.9	0.0	-0.2
Canada	100.000	181.5	173.6	-10.3	-1.8	-2.0	0.1	-4.4
Nonmanufacturing	31.948	262.3	233.3	-21.8	-4.2	-1.8	0.1	-11.1
Manufacturing	67.089	163.3	161.6	-4.0	-0.5	-2.0	-0.2	-1.0
European Union	100.000	154.3	154.9	3.2	-1.1	1.4	0.8	0.4
Manufacturing	99.136	150.0	150.6	3.6	-1.1	1.4	0.9	0.4
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	145.0	145.9	3.5	-0.4	0.1	1.9	0.6
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	126.5	127.4	5.1	-0.2	0.3	0.3	0.7
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	137.2	135.8	1.2	-1.9	2.0	1.7	-1.0
Latin America(3)	100.000	168.6	169.8	1.2	0.0	-1.2	0.2	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	13.801	316.1	323.1	-5.2	1.0	-5.2	-1.9	2.2
Manufacturing	85.863	136.7	137.4	2.6	-0.1	-0.4	0.5	0.5
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	141.8	142.3	1.5	-0.1	-0.4	0.5	0.4
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.063	151.1	153.4	-13.9	-0.9	-5.8	-0.3	1.5
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.604	97.8	98.0	3.5	0.0	0.3	0.6	0.2
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	104.1	104.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	103.8	103.8	-0.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.5	0.0
Japan	100.000	101.3	100.8	1.4	-0.1	0.1	0.2	-0.5
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	110.5	109.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.5	-1.0
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	96.4	96.3	-1.1	-0.2	-1.3	-0.9	-0.1
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	103.6	103.6	0.7	-0.1	-0.2	0.3	0.0
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	221.7	219.3	-4.2	-1.4	-5.6	-1.6	-1.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: February 2022 to February 2023 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jan. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Feb. 2022 to Feb. 2023	Oct. 2022 to Nov. 2022	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	120.2	120.6	0.6	-0.7	-1.1	0.4	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	13.251	146.4	145.5	-9.0	-1.4	-5.7	1.0	-0.6
Manufacturing	84.821	117.2	117.8	2.5	-0.6	-0.3	0.3	0.5
Canada	100.000	128.2	128.8	2.8	-0.5	-0.1	-0.5	0.5
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	7.903	138.8	138.4	-16.5	2.0	1.0	-15.1	-0.3
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	90.462	119.8	120.3	5.1	-0.8	-0.3	0.9	0.4
European Union	100.000	117.6	116.9	-0.8	-0.4	-1.6	0.4	-0.6
Nonmanufacturing	15.859	141.0	141.6	-8.3	-1.7	-5.1	1.4	0.4
Manufacturing	82.125	113.1	112.4	1.2	-0.3	-1.0	0.2	-0.6
Germany	100.000	116.0	115.1	4.3	-0.3	0.1	2.2	-0.8
Latin America(3)	100.000	127.8	126.6	-3.9	-1.2	-6.3	0.6	-0.9
Nonmanufacturing	10.701	168.7	153.0	-25.7	-7.1	-4.0	-9.3	-9.3
Manufacturing	88.733	124.8	124.8	-0.6	-0.4	-6.7	2.0	0.0
Mexico	100.000	126.8	125.8	-3.9	-2.1	-4.1	0.6	-0.8
Nonmanufacturing	9.821	152.9	133.5	-30.5	-11.7	0.2	-12.4	-12.7
Manufacturing	89.607	125.5	126.2	-0.2	-0.8	-4.7	2.3	0.6
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	115.8	116.5	-1.9	-0.1	-2.6	0.3	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	22.419	130.7	131.6	-11.4	0.1	-9.3	1.2	0.7
Manufacturing	76.195	113.4	114.4	2.9	-0.1	-0.4	0.3	0.9
China	100.000	111.1	112.4	-3.6	-0.3	-2.7	0.8	1.2
Nonmanufacturing	28.669	116.8	117.9	-12.1	-0.3	-7.5	1.9	0.9
Manufacturing	70.219	111.4	112.6	1.4	-0.2	-0.4	0.4	1.1
Japan	100.000	117.8	121.7	0.6	1.0	-2.9	-0.3	3.3
Nonmanufacturing	26.328	139.0	138.9	-12.5	-0.7	-12.8	0.6	-0.1
Manufacturing	71.880	111.0	116.6	7.3	1.9	1.6	-0.9	5.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: February 2022 to February 2023(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Annual	Monthly
			Feb. 2022 to Feb. 2023	Oct. 2022 to Nov. 2022	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.1	101.9	3.8	0.7	-1.7	0.4	1.8
Canada	92.8	97.5	14.7	1.3	2.0	-0.6	5.1
European Union	102.6	101.6	-3.8	0.8	-2.9	-0.4	-1.0
Germany	105.5	104.0	-0.8	-0.1	-0.2	1.8	-1.4
Latin America(3)	112.9	111.0	-5.0	-1.2	-5.2	0.4	-1.7
Mexico	115.4	114.0	-5.3	-2.0	-3.8	0.2	-1.2
Pacific Rim(4)	109.5	110.2	-1.9	0.0	-2.5	0.5	0.6
China	107.1	108.4	-3.2	-0.2	-2.6	1.2	1.2
Japan	111.1	115.3	-0.9	1.1	-3.0	-0.5	3.8
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: February 2022 to February 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jan. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Feb. 2022 to Feb. 2023	Oct. 2022 to Nov. 2022	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	251.3	239.4	-31.6	-8.7	10.1	-11.8	-4.7
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	33.186	272.5	270.8	-7.9	3.5	3.0	3.3	-0.6
Asia	66.344	221.6	205.5	-40.8	-13.1	13.3	-18.7	-7.3
Export Air Freight	100.000	198.0	205.0	3.8	-2.9	1.9	1.4	3.5
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	26.177	160.7	152.8	-9.8	-2.4	9.3	0.3	-4.9
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	52.275	153.4	164.8	9.0	-4.5	-2.6	1.4	7.4
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	190.3	184.4	-31.9	-8.2	0.7	-2.8	-3.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	30.612	187.1	186.4	-8.8	1.4	1.5	7.3	-0.4
Asia	57.500	167.6	158.8	-42.6	-13.5	0.9	-8.8	-5.3
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	193.8	214.6	4.6	-14.4	4.3	-4.8	10.7
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	29.952	194.1	197.5	2.9	-1.7	1.8	-0.4	1.8
Asia	53.339	207.4	245.7	9.2	-21.9	8.0	-9.4	18.5
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	173.5	177.2	18.6	-0.6	5.9	-12.4	2.1
Europe	45.790	196.5	190.8	15.1	-5.7	-2.1	1.0	-2.9
Asia	5.771	170.7	170.4	8.8	-3.9	12.9	-17.2	-0.2
Latin America/Caribbean	15.944	152.1	167.8	52.8	9.6	14.7	-21.6	10.3
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	207.6	179.2	9.2	0.3	-3.3	12.4	-13.7
Europe	18.323	222.1	210.3	9.0	-2.4	-4.4	6.5	-5.3
Asia	12.131	229.9	196.8	-7.6	6.9	-6.5	13.3	-14.4
Latin America/Caribbean	57.168	221.4	180.8	34.3	-0.1	-1.7	17.2	-18.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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