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                          U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - MARCH 2021

Prices for U.S. imports rose 1.2 percent in March, after increasing 1.3 percent the previous month, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Higher fuel and nonfuel prices contributed to the advances for 
both months. U.S. exports also increased in March, rising 2.1 percent, following a 1.6-percent advance in 
February and a 2.6-percent increase in January.   
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

          Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on March 2021 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the March 2021 release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 
March 2021 were 0.4-percentage points higher than those in March 2020. Additional information is 
available at www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-march-2021.htm.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

U.S. import prices advanced 1.2 percent in March, 1.3 percent in February, and 1.4 percent in January; the 
4.1-percent increase from December to March was the largest 3-month rise for import prices since the index 
advanced 5.8 percent in May 2011. The price index for U.S. imports increased 6.9 percent from March 2020 
to March 2021, the largest over-the-year advance in the index since a 6.9-percent rise for the year ended 
January 2012. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices rose 6.3 percent in March, after increases of 11.7 percent in February, 8.4 
percent in January, and 7.3 percent in December. The increases over the past 4 months were mostly driven 
by higher petroleum prices. Prices for import petroleum advanced 6.7 percent in March following a 32.3-
percent rise from November to February. The price index for natural gas also increased in March, advancing 
3.6 percent following an 18.0-percent increase the previous month. Import fuel prices rose 54.3 percent for 
the year ended in March, the largest 12-month advance for the index since a 68.9-percent increase in 
February 2017. The price indexes for petroleum and natural gas also rose on a 12-month basis in March, 
increasing 53.9 percent and 91.0 percent, respectively.    

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports rose 0.8 percent in March following increases of 
0.5 percent in February and 0.9 percent in January. The March advance was driven by higher prices for 
nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; foods, feeds, and beverages; capital goods; and consumer goods. 
Nonfuel import prices rose 3.8 percent from March 2020 to March 2021, the largest 12-month increase since 
the index advanced 4.8 percent in October 2011.     

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
rose 3.9 percent in March, after advancing 1.5 percent in February. The March increase was led by higher 
prices for metals, building materials, and chemicals.      

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories increased in March. The price 
indexes for capital goods and consumer goods ticked up 0.1 percent for the second consecutive month and 
automotive vehicle prices recorded no change.    

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices rose 2.0 percent in March, after a 1.4-
percent increase the previous month. In March, an 11.0-percent advance in fruit prices and a 7.7-percent rise 
in food oil prices more than offset a 7.0-percent drop in vegetable prices.      

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2020
March	-2.4	-26.5	0.0	-1.4	-1.4	-1.4
April	-2.6	-30.9	-0.5	-3.5	-3.3	-3.5
May	0.7	13.9	0.1	0.0	-0.4	0.0
June	1.3	20.6	0.3	1.8	1.6	1.7
July	1.2	15.2	0.2	1.0	1.6	0.9
August	0.9	3.7	0.7	0.5	-2.2	0.9
September	0.2	-4.7	0.5	0.6	2.8	0.3
October	-0.1	-1.0	0.0	0.2	3.5	-0.2
November	0.1	4.4	-0.2	0.8	3.5	0.5
December	1.0	7.3	0.4	1.2	1.0	1.3
2021
January	1.4	(r)8.4	0.9	(r)2.6	6.0	(r)2.3
February	1.3	(r)11.7	(r)0.5	1.6	(r)2.8	1.5
March	1.2	6.3	0.8	2.1	2.4	2.0
Mar. 2019 to 2020	-4.2	-36.0	-0.6	-3.5	-2.4	-3.7
Mar. 2020 to 2021	6.9	54.3	3.8	9.1	20.5	7.9
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports increased 2.1 percent in March, after rising 1.6 percent in February and 2.6 percent 
in January. The 6.5-percent advance from December to March was the largest 3-month increase since the 
index was first published in September 1983. In March, higher prices for agricultural and nonagricultural 
exports both contributed to the advance in export prices. The price index for U.S. exports rose 9.1 percent 
from March 2020 to March 2021, the largest over-the-year increase since a 9.4-percent advance in 
September 2011. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices rose 2.4 percent in March following increases of 2.8 
percent in February and 6.0 percent in January. The March advance was driven by higher prices for meat, 
soybeans, fruit, and cotton. Prices for agricultural exports advanced 20.5 percent over the past 12 months, 
the largest over-the-year rise since the index increased 22.7 percent in September 2011. The 12-month 
increase was primarily driven by rising prices for soybeans, corn, meat, and fruit.                

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports advanced 2.0 percent in 
March, after rising 5.1 percent from November to February. The March increase was led by higher prices 
for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials; consumer goods; capital goods; and nonagricultural 
foods. Nonagricultural export prices increased 7.9 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year 
advance for the index since a 7.9-percent rise in September 2011.           

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
increased 5.2 percent in March following a 3.5-percent advance the previous month. The March rise was 
primarily driven by an 8.1-percent increase in fuel prices and a 6.2-percent advance in chemical prices.  

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods categories were mostly up in March. Consumer goods 
prices rose 0.6 percent, the largest monthly increase since the index advanced 0.7 percent in September 
2020. In March, the rise was led by higher prices for medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical materials. Prices 
for capital goods ticked up 0.1 percent in March, after increasing 0.4 percent in each of the 2 previous 
months. Automotive vehicle prices recorded no change in March following a 0.1-percent advance in 
February.   

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China increased 0.4 percent in March, after rising 
1.1 percent from November to February. Import prices from China increased over the past year, rising 1.8 
percent. The March 12-month advance was the largest over-the-year increase since a 1.8-percent rise in 
April 2012. Prices for imports from Japan increased 0.2 percent in March and have not recorded a monthly 
decline since July 2020. The price index for imports from Japan advanced 0.9 percent for the year ended in 
March. Import prices from Canada rose 3.6 percent in March, after increasing 14.0 percent from November 
to February. The advances in each of the past 4 months were led by higher fuel prices and drove prices for 
imports from Canada up 30.2 percent over the past 12 months. Import prices from Mexico rose 0.8 percent 
in March following a 0.7-percent increase in February and a 0.8-percent advance in January. Prices for 
imports from the European Union also rose in March, increasing 1.1 percent. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: The price index for exports to China increased 3.5 percent in March, 
after a 0.9-percent advance the previous month. The March rise was the largest 1-month increase since the 
index was first published in December 2017, and contributed to an 11.8-percent advance from March 2020 
to March 2021. Prices for exports to Japan rose 1.2 percent in March following a 5.2-percent increase over 
the 3 previous months. Export prices to Japan advanced 11.0 percent for the year ended in March, the 
largest 12-month rise since the index was first published in December 2017. The price index for exports to 
Canada increased 1.1 percent in March, after advancing 1.5 percent in February and 2.1 percent in January. 
Prices for exports to the European Union and Mexico also rose in March, increasing 1.2 percent and 2.1 
percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
China increased 3.1 percent in March, the largest 1-month advance since the index was first published in 
December 2017. In March, increasing export prices to China more than offset rising import prices from 
China. U.S. terms of trade with China advanced 9.8 percent for the year ended in March, the largest 12-
month increase since the index was first published in December 2017. The index for U.S. terms of trade 
with Japan rose 1.1 percent in March and 10.0 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year 
advance since the index was first published in December 2017. U.S. terms of trade with the European Union 
and Mexico increased in March, rising 0.2 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively. In contrast, the index for 
U.S. terms of trade with Canada fell 2.4 percent in March. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares fell 3.6 percent in March, after a 1.9-percent increase in February and a 
5.6-percent drop in January. The March decline was led by lower Asian fares which more than offset higher 
European fares. The index for import air passenger fares decreased 6.2 percent for the year ended in March, 
the smallest 12-month drop since the index fell 4.7 percent from December 2018 to December 2019. Import 
air freight prices increased 1.8 percent in March following a 0.7-percent advance the previous month. Prices 
for import air freight also rose over the past year, increasing 71.6 percent. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares declined 1.5 percent in March, after falling 4.7 percent in 
February. In March, lower European, Asian, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all contributed to the 
decrease. Despite the recent declines, export air passenger fares rose 16.7 percent for the year ended in 
March, the largest 12-month advance since the index increased 18.1 percent in August 2011. Export air 
freight prices increased 2.0 percent in March and 1.7 percent over the past 12 months.    

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for April are scheduled for release on Friday, May 14, 2021 at 
8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2020 to March 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Feb. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2020 to Mar. 2021	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021
All commodities		100.000	128.1	129.7	6.9	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.2
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		85.347	102.1	102.9	3.8	0.5	0.9	0.3	0.8
All imports excluding petroleum		92.360	115.7	116.7	4.1	0.4	0.9	0.5	0.9
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		91.699	119.6	120.6	3.8	0.4	0.9	0.5	0.8
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.352	182.1	185.7	3.8	0.2	1.9	1.4	2.0
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.961	198.1	202.4	4.6	0.0	1.8	1.7	2.2
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.391	146.1	148.0	1.0	0.7	1.7	0.4	1.3
Industrial supplies & materials	1	23.119	201.6	211.2	29.5	4.0	5.6	4.9	4.8
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		15.696	178.7	185.4	19.7	2.0	4.0	2.0	3.7
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		14.895	200.4	208.2	18.3	2.3	4.3	1.5	3.9
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.807	203.3	212.5	24.1	2.7	5.7	1.3	4.5
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.672	147.9	151.7	12.8	0.7	1.2	3.2	2.6
Fuels & lubricants	10	8.301	205.5	218.5	54.3	7.3	8.4	11.7	6.3
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	7.640	218.3	232.9	53.9	8.5	9.3	11.6	6.7
Crude	10000	5.095	230.3	245.8	79.7	10.7	9.6	13.0	6.7
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.568	158.1	162.2	74.6	-6.4	-1.2	15.9	2.6
Gas-natural	10110	0.488	149.5	154.9	91.0	-7.4	-1.9	18.0	3.6
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.471	110.2	114.1	4.8	0.4	-0.8	1.3	3.5
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.540	162.1	166.2	8.4	1.7	1.8	1.9	2.5
Selected building materials	13	2.001	199.8	211.6	42.7	2.6	12.9	0.5	5.9
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.148	309.8	329.9	32.9	4.7	6.8	1.6	6.5
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.909	171.1	175.5	12.8	0.9	1.7	2.7	2.6
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.749	114.2	114.6	1.9	0.4	0.5	-0.1	0.4
Capital goods	2	28.052	88.8	88.9	1.3	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.438	121.3	121.5	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.005	80.6	80.7	1.3	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.609	137.6	138.0	2.1	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.3
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.798	111.6	111.6	1.1	0.0	0.5	0.2	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.680	107.1	107.2	0.7	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.563	124.1	124.3	0.3	0.1	-0.5	0.2	0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	12.053	91.3	91.3	0.7	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.063	117.6	118.6	6.6	0.7	0.3	0.0	0.9
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2020 to March 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Feb. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2020 to Mar. 2021	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021
All commodities		100.000	130.9	133.7	9.1	1.2	2.6	1.6	2.1
Agricultural commodities		10.266	207.4	212.4	20.5	1.0	6.0	2.8	2.4
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		78.147	105.3	106.4	4.7	0.5	1.5	0.5	1.0
Nonagricultural commodities		89.734	125.2	127.7	7.9	1.3	2.3	1.5	2.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.408	210.6	216.4	20.0	0.7	5.8	2.6	2.8
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.934	210.9	216.5	21.2	0.7	6.0	2.7	2.7
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.473	209.0	218.0	2.7	0.6	1.0	1.3	4.3
Industrial supplies & materials	1	34.919	164.4	172.6	21.9	3.5	6.1	3.6	5.0
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.048	195.8	199.7	17.1	0.9	7.0	-1.0	2.0
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		23.872	151.0	160.7	24.1	5.1	5.6	5.9	6.4
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.305	192.9	193.8	16.3	2.9	6.3	3.7	0.5
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		33.614	163.5	172.0	22.2	3.5	6.1	3.5	5.2
Fuels & lubricants	11	12.446	171.1	184.9	33.5	9.0	8.9	8.8	8.1
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.230	176.0	182.2	15.6	1.2	4.6	0.7	3.5
Selected building materials	13	0.939	140.3	144.7	22.9	3.3	4.3	1.7	3.1
Capital goods	2	34.146	112.1	112.2	0.6	0.0	0.4	0.4	0.1
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.513	120.2	120.2	0.3	-0.5	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.309	94.8	94.9	-0.2	-0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	8.324	190.0	190.1	3.1	0.5	1.1	1.0	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	9.637	115.0	115.0	0.5	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	11.890	109.9	110.6	0.7	0.3	-0.6	0.2	0.6
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.996	108.0	108.9	0.8	0.4	-1.2	0.4	0.8
Durables, manufactured	41	4.682	107.7	108.0	0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.213	94.5	95.5	2.2	1.1	0.0	0.0	1.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2020 to March 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Feb. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2020 to Mar. 2021	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		7.718	113.2	119.4	53.9	6.9	7.0	10.2	5.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.927	178.9	185.7	6.3	-0.2	3.1	1.3	3.8
Crop production	111	1.566	189.7	196.3	6.0	-0.9	3.0	1.8	3.5
Mining	21	5.791	107.3	113.8	75.9	9.4	8.5	13.5	6.1
Oil and gas extraction	211	5.520	106.4	113.2	79.7	9.7	8.8	13.7	6.4
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2020=100)	212	0.271	113.1	112.1	-	-	3.1	9.7	-0.9
Manufacturing		91.897	113.7	114.8	4.0	0.5	1.0	0.6	1.0
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.419	127.3	128.0	2.0	0.2	0.5	0.6	0.5
Food manufacturing	311	3.652	159.9	161.7	4.7	0.5	1.4	1.2	1.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.208	131.2	131.8	1.9	0.3	0.2	1.8	0.5
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.351	101.9	102.4	4.7	0.1	0.0	0.6	0.5
Textile product mills	314	0.939	106.8	107.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.679	112.9	113.0	0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.589	123.7	123.9	-0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	19.023	128.8	131.8	7.9	1.3	2.3	1.7	2.3
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.337	176.0	193.4	81.6	4.1	21.6	1.0	9.9
Paper manufacturing	322	0.933	107.4	109.7	2.3	0.6	-0.5	0.6	2.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.305	88.0	94.2	12.0	3.6	7.8	7.8	7.0
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.783	140.7	142.2	3.4	1.1	0.2	1.2	1.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.475	124.1	124.2	4.6	0.2	0.4	0.6	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.005	131.3	132.3	0.8	0.2	0.5	-0.2	0.8
Manufacturing, part 3	33	61.454	106.2	106.9	3.2	0.4	0.8	0.2	0.7
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.626	200.5	212.5	30.4	3.7	5.7	1.7	6.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.236	130.6	132.2	4.9	0.6	0.9	1.6	1.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.800	120.6	120.8	1.3	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.325	71.8	71.9	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.205	117.5	117.7	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.103	110.9	111.0	1.4	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.746	116.1	116.5	1.0	0.3	0.5	0.1	0.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.414	121.3	121.2	3.3	0.4	0.9	-0.3	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2020 to March 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Feb. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2020 to Mar. 2021	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		12.627	145.4	151.1	41.0	3.1	9.4	6.4	3.9
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.459	186.7	191.4	29.0	0.1	10.0	3.8	2.5
Crop production	111	5.232	197.1	201.6	29.6	0.0	10.5	3.6	2.3
Mining	21	7.167	82.2	86.4	53.7	6.6	8.8	8.6	5.1
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.054	97.9	101.0	4.9	3.6	4.4	1.2	3.2
Manufacturing		85.505	119.3	121.3	4.8	0.9	1.5	1.0	1.7
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.694	148.3	151.5	8.5	0.8	1.4	1.4	2.2
Food manufacturing	311	4.668	168.1	173.1	10.2	0.8	1.5	1.8	3.0
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.630	137.9	138.9	13.9	3.4	3.4	0.7	0.7
Manufacturing, part 2	32	23.803	114.6	120.3	10.3	3.0	2.4	3.1	5.0
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.498	114.9	120.3	27.8	2.4	4.9	2.2	4.7
Paper manufacturing	322	1.435	121.8	123.2	4.9	0.3	1.5	1.5	1.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	5.333	99.8	111.8	19.8	12.0	10.0	9.2	12.0
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.453	122.6	127.0	8.9	1.2	0.3	1.7	3.6
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.122	116.4	116.9	-0.3	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.4
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.782	123.0	123.0	3.6	2.0	1.2	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	55.009	118.3	118.6	2.2	0.0	1.0	0.1	0.3
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.240	191.0	194.0	20.8	-1.0	8.0	-1.6	1.6
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.878	154.0	154.2	2.8	0.1	1.9	0.5	0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.918	130.7	130.8	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.2	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.087	81.5	81.5	-1.2	-0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.572	118.2	118.5	0.6	-0.8	0.1	0.2	0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.895	132.0	132.0	1.8	0.2	0.8	0.5	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.380	129.8	130.2	4.3	0.2	2.2	0.0	0.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.040	119.8	120.4	1.5	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2020 to March 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Feb. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2020 to Mar. 2021	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	1.371	199.0	203.8	5.1	1.3	2.4	0.4	2.4
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.390	287.8	295.5	14.3	1.1	1.3	3.8	2.7
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.696	134.7	139.2	-0.4	1.6	3.0	-2.2	3.3
Vegetable products	II	1.970	212.3	219.6	7.6	-1.2	3.2	2.6	3.4
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.380	426.1	386.2	-8.3	-7.7	3.8	-1.6	-9.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.710	109.3	122.6	6.0	-0.3	5.5	5.5	12.2
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.379	232.5	239.5	11.9	2.4	-0.2	4.5	3.0
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.325	108.9	116.7	30.8	3.9	2.8	1.4	7.2
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.078	172.0	172.5	1.3	0.2	0.4	1.2	0.3
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.212	99.8	99.7	-5.7	0.8	-1.4	0.6	-0.1
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.355	174.1	174.1	2.0	0.2	0.0	3.1	0.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.169	143.4	144.0	2.6	0.4	0.3	1.8	0.4
Mineral products	V	8.443	208.5	221.0	53.0	6.9	8.2	11.9	6.0
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.087	204.1	216.9	55.0	7.1	8.4	12.1	6.3
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.110	158.2	160.5	2.8	1.1	0.0	0.9	1.5
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.508	294.3	334.5	16.5	2.5	3.2	2.4	13.7
Organic chemicals	29	2.244	128.2	131.1	3.4	2.8	0.9	0.2	2.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.259	153.0	153.4	-0.6	0.1	-1.2	0.2	0.3
Fertilizers (Dec. 2020=100)	31	0.294	112.0	119.8	-	-	0.7	11.2	7.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.615	107.9	108.0	7.7	2.5	2.2	-0.1	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.851	151.8	152.9	10.3	0.9	1.7	0.5	0.7
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.505	150.6	151.3	7.3	0.5	1.2	1.3	0.5
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.346	156.4	158.4	16.6	1.4	2.6	-1.0	1.3
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.536	131.5	131.7	-0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.371	254.5	278.7	80.2	3.9	20.2	1.2	9.5
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.348	177.8	195.0	82.6	4.0	20.6	1.2	9.7
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.954	112.2	114.5	1.6	-0.1	0.3	0.3	2.0
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.640	104.7	105.5	-1.9	0.1	0.5	0.3	0.8
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.775	114.5	114.7	0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.933	104.9	105.2	0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.0	0.3
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.599	122.1	122.2	0.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.648	100.0	100.1	-1.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.1
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.367	123.6	123.7	-0.5	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.145	121.9	122.0	-0.6	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.898	131.1	130.9	-0.9	0.5	0.2	-0.8	-0.2
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.322	98.1	97.8	-	-	0.2	-2.1	-0.3
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.054	235.7	243.9	17.4	1.2	4.6	-0.3	3.5
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.718	190.6	196.6	17.9	3.0	3.4	2.4	3.1
Iron and steel	72	1.082	238.4	246.5	23.2	5.1	9.1	2.8	3.4
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.660	152.9	156.7	7.3	0.7	1.1	2.1	2.5
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.513	359.4	386.9	52.4	6.2	2.8	4.1	7.7
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.043	152.5	157.6	26.7	5.4	3.3	0.1	3.3
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.431	123.2	123.4	0.3	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.529	136.3	137.6	2.8	0.1	1.5	0.3	1.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.613	79.3	79.4	0.8	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.269	85.1	85.2	1.1	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.344	73.7	73.8	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.092	115.4	115.5	1.2	0.0	0.4	0.1	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.876	114.6	114.7	1.2	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	1.120	100.3	101.0	-	-	-0.1	0.4	0.7
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.221	102.6	102.6	0.7	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.938	98.7	98.7	0.7	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.156	111.1	111.6	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.5
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.566	117.5	118.1	0.9	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.5
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.322	100.5	100.9	-1.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.4
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.268	127.5	127.5	0.2	0.1	0.6	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2020 to March 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Feb. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2020 to Mar. 2021	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	1.917	220.8	234.4	11.1	-1.1	0.9	1.9	6.2
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.206	176.2	192.6	17.4	0.4	3.0	1.1	9.3
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.291	111.1	116.6	1.2	0.1	1.3	0.7	5.0
Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2020=100)	04	0.350	100.2	97.6	-	-	-6.0	6.6	-2.6
Vegetable products	II	5.013	245.8	251.0	30.5	-0.2	9.7	3.5	2.1
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.956	139.4	146.1	6.9	2.3	4.3	3.2	4.8
Cereals	10	1.433	259.3	258.5	30.4	1.0	11.5	6.5	-0.3
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.194	274.0	281.3	47.7	5.4	11.8	2.0	2.7
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.990	164.4	166.0	9.5	1.4	2.5	0.7	1.0
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.603	100.8	100.9	0.9	0.4	0.3	-0.2	0.1
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.509	110.0	110.0	8.5	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.0
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.821	276.1	284.9	32.6	4.8	8.7	2.9	3.2
Mineral products	V	12.438	207.7	224.2	34.1	9.2	9.2	8.6	7.9
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.535	113.9	118.4	33.9	5.7	6.1	1.1	4.0
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	11.740	197.6	213.9	34.8	9.6	9.4	9.2	8.2
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.980	141.1	143.9	5.3	0.9	-0.4	0.8	2.0
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.662	138.2	138.9	-0.1	0.4	1.5	0.7	0.5
Organic chemicals	29	2.688	158.8	168.4	21.5	2.5	0.2	2.6	6.0
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.351	108.3	109.8	2.2	0.6	-1.4	0.4	1.4
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.851	129.9	130.0	1.3	0.1	1.2	0.0	0.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.437	125.7	125.7	0.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.6	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.898	155.4	154.8	-2.0	-0.3	-0.7	0.1	-0.4
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.222	152.8	160.1	12.8	1.9	1.9	3.0	4.8
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.400	151.9	160.4	15.4	2.1	2.3	3.5	5.6
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.822	152.3	152.9	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.598	112.8	117.1	26.3	2.3	4.5	2.1	3.8
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.778	127.3	129.3	8.4	2.2	2.3	0.0	1.6
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.590	130.8	137.0	29.0	7.7	3.3	2.8	4.7
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.938	125.8	125.8	2.6	0.1	2.0	0.5	0.0
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.678	124.7	126.5	6.2	0.3	2.1	2.0	1.4
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.556	134.2	139.6	22.2	1.5	7.5	5.8	4.0
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.782	134.4	134.6	6.2	1.3	1.5	0.1	0.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.427	99.1	99.4	-0.6	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.3
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.577	309.3	310.3	13.9	-1.3	4.6	-1.5	0.3
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.897	182.6	189.4	22.0	3.0	10.0	-0.7	3.7
Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)	72	1.142	128.2	136.6	-	-	33.1	-3.7	6.6
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.578	226.3	253.5	48.6	7.8	5.2	-1.2	12.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.855	128.9	133.5	34.6	9.6	8.4	0.0	3.6
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	27.124	98.3	98.4	0.3	-0.1	0.5	0.3	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.205	116.8	116.9	0.5	0.1	1.0	0.4	0.1
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.918	78.5	78.5	0.0	-0.3	-0.3	0.1	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	12.300	139.2	139.3	0.9	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	7.960	117.1	117.1	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.869	110.4	110.4	-0.3	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.254	116.4	116.6	2.5	0.1	1.7	0.7	0.2
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.705	137.3	137.7	4.0	-0.1	2.5	0.1	0.3
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.397	89.0	89.0	0.2	0.2	0.8	1.3	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: March 2020 to March 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2020 to Mar. 2021	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	132.8	135.1	11.2	1.8	2.2	1.8	1.7
Nonmanufacturing	9.024	189.6	200.2	78.9	10.2	6.2	12.3	5.6
Manufacturing	90.143	127.3	129.1	6.2	0.9	1.6	1.0	1.4
Canada	100.000	151.5	156.9	30.2	4.0	5.2	4.2	3.6
Nonmanufacturing	25.140	186.3	196.9	85.4	10.5	6.4	12.6	5.7
Manufacturing	73.536	144.8	148.8	15.4	1.6	4.4	1.8	2.8
European Union	100.000	142.1	143.6	4.8	0.8	0.9	0.7	1.1
Manufacturing	98.837	138.0	139.4	4.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	1.0
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	131.8	132.4	3.8	0.5	-0.2	1.6	0.5
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	116.6	117.9	3.9	0.5	1.0	0.4	1.1
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.8	131.3	5.6	1.5	1.9	1.5	2.7
Latin America(3)	100.000	148.6	150.0	6.6	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	12.672	245.1	257.1	30.7	5.9	5.0	5.9	4.9
Manufacturing	87.049	122.9	123.3	3.6	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.3
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	129.1	130.1	4.2	0.2	0.8	0.7	0.8
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	7.330	129.7	143.6	28.0	5.6	5.5	8.2	10.7
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	92.421	89.3	89.3	2.5	-0.2	0.5	0.1	0.0
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	99.1	99.6	2.2	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.5
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	99.4	99.8	1.8	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japan	100.000	97.6	97.8	0.9	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	99.1	100.0	1.6	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.9
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	87.9	88.9	3.7	0.6	0.9	0.8	1.1
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	100.4	100.9	3.7	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.5
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	174.3	180.9	32.4	4.3	6.6	3.4	3.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: March 2020 to March 2021 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2020 to Mar. 2021	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	106.7	107.6	6.6	0.7	1.3	0.9	0.8
Nonmanufacturing	11.284	113.4	115.0	37.9	2.3	8.4	6.4	1.4
Manufacturing	87.094	105.8	106.7	3.4	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.9
Canada	100.000	109.3	110.5	9.1	0.5	2.1	1.5	1.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	9.390	119.3	120.7	-	-	10.7	7.8	1.2
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	89.182	102.2	103.4	-	-	1.2	1.0	1.2
European Union	100.000	107.6	108.9	6.1	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.2
Nonmanufacturing	12.562	108.1	114.1	44.6	7.4	10.7	8.1	5.6
Manufacturing	85.995	106.7	107.3	2.0	0.9	0.3	0.6	0.6
Germany	100.000	108.5	108.6	2.9	0.3	0.9	0.0	0.1
Latin America(3)	100.000	105.4	109.0	11.7	2.0	4.1	2.6	3.4
Nonmanufacturing	9.941	139.0	141.3	47.8	2.1	12.0	6.5	1.7
Manufacturing	89.690	102.8	106.4	8.8	2.0	3.2	2.3	3.5
Mexico	100.000	104.9	107.1	9.3	1.0	3.1	2.4	2.1
Nonmanufacturing	8.571	132.7	128.9	40.6	-0.6	8.1	6.3	-2.9
Manufacturing	91.027	103.0	105.6	7.3	1.1	2.7	2.1	2.5
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	104.2	107.2	9.8	1.2	2.0	1.1	2.9
Nonmanufacturing	16.765	106.5	112.0	33.5	4.6	9.6	5.2	5.2
Manufacturing	80.582	103.1	105.3	4.8	0.5	0.2	0.3	2.1
China	100.000	101.7	105.3	11.8	1.6	0.1	0.9	3.5
Nonmanufacturing	15.176	105.8	110.1	53.6	8.0	12.7	3.9	4.1
Manufacturing	82.879	102.3	105.8	6.2	0.5	-1.9	0.4	3.4
Japan	100.000	105.9	107.2	11.0	1.3	2.3	1.5	1.2
Nonmanufacturing	22.072	113.1	116.6	49.5	5.8	10.8	7.7	3.1
Manufacturing	75.864	102.3	102.5	2.2	-0.1	0.2	-0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: March 2020 to March 2021(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Annual	Monthly
			Mar. 2020 to Mar. 2021	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	98.3	97.5	-4.0	-1.1	-0.8	-1.0	-0.8
Canada	94.8	92.5	-16.3	-3.4	-3.0	-2.6	-2.4
European Union	101.9	102.1	1.3	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.2
Germany	107.1	106.0	-0.9	-0.3	0.0	-0.5	-1.0
Latin America(3)	105.6	108.2	4.7	0.9	2.9	1.5	2.5
Mexico	104.8	106.2	4.9	0.9	2.3	1.7	1.3
Pacific Rim(4)	103.5	105.9	7.5	0.9	1.5	0.8	2.3
China	102.4	105.6	9.8	1.2	-0.3	0.6	3.1
Japan	103.6	104.7	10.0	1.1	2.0	1.4	1.1
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: March 2020 to March 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2021	Mar. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2020 to Mar. 2021	Nov. 2020 to Dec. 2020	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	304.5	310.1	71.6	6.4	-5.8	0.7	1.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.087	248.0	246.4	71.6	0.5	2.4	0.0	-0.6
Asia	67.492	315.3	324.8	88.9	9.6	-9.2	1.1	3.0
Export Air Freight	100.000	167.0	170.3	1.7	4.3	1.4	-0.7	2.0
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	32.885	152.5	153.1	-1.2	5.5	-4.5	8.2	0.4
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	39.290	114.4	120.5	1.1	5.1	0.2	-4.6	5.3
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	235.6	239.1	42.4	6.5	-1.4	-1.9	1.5
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.919	173.7	173.0	30.7	0.0	5.4	-2.4	-0.4
Asia	66.343	243.7	249.4	58.1	10.1	-3.8	-1.9	2.3
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	162.7	164.0	6.7	5.1	-0.1	7.6	0.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	30.833	172.0	172.5	7.1	6.5	-3.9	7.0	0.3
Asia	49.729	162.6	165.5	8.7	6.3	0.0	12.4	1.8
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	151.3	145.9	-6.2	3.9	-5.6	1.9	-3.6
Europe	37.803	140.5	143.6	-20.9	-5.2	-4.4	6.5	2.2
Asia	33.939	181.8	165.2	47.1	10.0	-5.4	-4.2	-9.1
Latin America/Caribbean	5.891	99.5	98.8	-34.4	2.5	-17.4	-0.2	-0.7
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	162.4	160.0	16.7	-9.5	11.2	-4.7	-1.5
Europe	29.137	197.2	188.1	9.6	-0.2	3.7	5.3	-4.6
Asia	32.068	188.8	186.6	54.3	-24.5	23.4	-6.9	-1.2
Latin America/Caribbean	19.383	128.7	127.4	-15.5	-3.2	11.0	-17.3	-1.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
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