U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-23-0677
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, April 14, 2023

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                               U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - MARCH 2023                                

U.S. import prices decreased 0.6 percent in March following a 0.2-percent decline in February, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower prices for fuel and nonfuel imports each contributed to the 
March drop in U.S. import prices. Prices for U.S. exports fell 0.3 percent in March, after increasing 0.4 
percent in February and 0.3 percent in January.

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports fell 0.6 percent in March, the largest 1-month decline since November 2022. The 
price index for U.S. imports decreased 4.6 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since the 
index declined 6.3 percent in May 2020. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices declined 2.9 percent in March following a 5.7-percent drop the previous 
month. Prices for import fuel have not recorded a 1-month advance since June 2022. Lower prices for both 
petroleum and natural gas contributed to the decrease in overall fuel prices in March. Import fuel prices 
decreased 27.9 percent for the year ended in March. Petroleum prices fell 1.2 percent in March, after 
declining 0.2 percent in February. Prices for import petroleum declined 28.6 percent over the past 12 
months, the largest over-the-year decrease since September 2020. Natural gas prices declined 31.3 percent 
in March following a 49.9-percent drop in February. Prices for natural gas decreased 28.3 percent over the 
past year, the largest 12-month decline since March 2020.   

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports decreased 0.5 percent in March, after 
rising 0.9 percent over the previous 3 months. The decline is the largest monthly drop since July 2022. 
Lower March prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; consumer goods; foods, feeds, and 
beverages; capital goods; and automotive vehicles all contributed to the overall decrease in nonfuel import 
prices. Nonfuel import prices declined 1.5 percent from March 2022 to March 2023, the first 12-month drop 
since June 2020.  

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices decreased 0.5 percent in March, the first 
1-month decline since a 1.0-percent drop in October 2022. Lower fruit prices in March more than offset 
higher prices for vegetables and meat.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials fell 1.5 
percent in March, after edging up 0.1 percent the previous month. Lower prices for unfinished metals and 
chemicals drove the decrease in March.  

Finished Goods: Import prices decreased for each of the major finished goods categories in March. The 
price index for consumer goods declined 0.3 percent, the largest monthly drop since June 2022. Consumer 
goods prices also fell 0.3 percent over the past 12 months, the first over-the-year drop since July 2020.  
Prices for import capital goods edged down 0.1 percent in March, led by a 2.3-percent decline in computer 
accessories, peripherals, and parts prices. The price index for automotive vehicles fell 0.1 percent in March, 
driven by lower passenger cars prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2022
March	2.9	17.8	1.2	3.9	4.5	3.8
April	0.5	0.8	0.4	1.0	1.2	1.1
May	0.5	6.1	-0.3	2.7	2.4	2.7
June	0.2	5.6	-0.6	1.1	0.0	1.2
July	-1.4	-6.9	-0.5	-3.7	-3.2	-3.8
August	-1.2	-8.6	-0.2	-1.4	-0.5	-1.4
September	-1.0	-6.3	-0.3	-0.9	-0.8	-0.9
October	-0.3	-2.2	-0.1	-0.5	-0.6	-0.5
November	-0.8	-3.9	-0.3	-0.4	2.8	-0.9
December	0.1	-2.3	0.4	-3.0	-2.4	-3.1
2023
January	-0.4	-4.9	0.2	(r)0.3	(r)-0.8	(r)0.4
February	(r)-0.2	(r)-5.7	0.4	(r)0.4	(r)1.2	(r)0.3
March	-0.6	-2.9	-0.5	-0.3	-1.5	-0.2
Mar. 2021 to 2022	13.0	72.3	7.7	18.4	20.6	18.1
Mar. 2022 to 2023	-4.6	-27.9	-1.5	-4.8	-2.3	-5.2
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices declined 0.3 percent in March, the first 1-month drop since December 2022. Lower prices 
in March for agricultural exports and nonagricultural exports each contributed to the overall decrease. Prices 
for U.S. exports decreased 4.8 percent for the year ended in March, the largest 12-month decline since a 6.7-
percent drop from May 2019 to May 2020. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports decreased 1.5 percent in March, after 
increasing 1.2 percent the previous month. Lower prices for corn, soybeans, wheat, and fruit in March more 
than offset higher meat prices. Prices for agricultural exports declined 2.3 percent over the past year, the 
first 12-month drop since the index fell 2.9 percent for the year ended in August 2020. The March 12-month 
decrease was primarily led by lower prices for soybeans, wheat, corn, and meat. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports declined 0.2 percent in March 
following a 0.3-percent advance in February. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials and nonagricultural foods in March more than offset higher prices for capital goods and consumer 
goods. Nonagricultural export prices fell 5.2 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop 
since the index declined 7.0 percent in May 2020.  

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
decreased 0.5 percent in March, after being unchanged the previous month. The March decline was driven 
by lower prices for nonferrous metals and fuels.

Finished Goods: Export prices for the major finished goods categories were mostly up in March. The price 
index for capital goods rose 0.2 percent in March following increases of 0.5 percent in February and 0.8 
percent in January. Prices for consumer goods ticked up 0.1 percent in March, after rising 0.6 percent in 
February and 1.0 percent in January. The March advance was led by a 5.5-percent increase in jewelry 
prices. Automotive vehicles prices were unchanged in March following a 0.1-percent drop in February and a 
1.5-percent advance in January.

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China fell 0.5 percent in March following a 0.1-percent 
advance in February and a 0.5-percent decline in January. The March and January declines are the largest 
monthly drops since a 0.6-percent decrease in May 2013. The March decrease was led by lower prices for 
communications equipment manufacturing. The price index for imports from China declined 1.3 percent 
over the past 12 months. Prices for imports from Japan fell 0.3 percent in March, the largest 1-month drop 
since May 2020. Despite the decrease, prices for imports from Japan increased 0.7 percent for the year 
ended in March. Import prices from Canada and the European Union also declined in March, decreasing 1.1 
percent and 0.5 percent, respectively. The March declines followed a 3.9-percent decrease in prices for 
imports from Canada in February and a 0.4-percent increase in prices for imports from the European Union. 
The price index for imports from Mexico was unchanged in March. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China declined 1.2 percent in March, after 
advancing 1.6 percent the previous month. Export prices to China decreased 9.0 percent over the past year, 
the largest 12-month decrease since the 12-month percent change series was first published in December 
2018. The price index for exports to Japan decreased 1.9 percent in March following a 1.2-percent advance 
in February. Prices for exports to Japan declined 8.3 percent for the year ended in March. Export prices to 
Canada fell 0.9 percent in March, after a 0.2-percent increase in February. The price index for exports to the 
European Union declined 0.2 percent in March following a 0.3-percent drop the previous month. In contrast, 
prices for exports to Mexico rose 0.2 percent in March. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China declined 
0.7 percent in March, after increasing 1.5 percent the previous month. Lower export prices to China in 
March more than offset falling import prices from China. U.S. terms of trade with China fell 7.8 percent 
over the past 12 months, the largest decrease since the 12-month percent change series was first published in 
December 2018. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 1.6 percent in March following a 
1.4-percent advance in February. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 8.9 percent for the year ended in March. 
In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Canada and the European Union rose in March, increasing 0.2 percent 
and 0.4 percent, respectively. U.S. terms of trade with Mexico advanced 0.3 percent in March. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares rose 1.9 percent in March, after increasing 2.1 percent the 
previous month. Higher Latin American/Caribbean and European fares in March more than offset lower 
Asian fares. Import air passenger fares advanced 11.3 percent from March 2022 to March 2023. Prices for 
import air freight declined 2.9 percent in March following a 5.3-percent decrease in February and an 11.8-
percent drop in January. Lower prices for European and Asian air freight each contributed to the March 
decline. Import air freight prices fell 35.8 percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares increased 6.4 percent in March, after decreasing 13.7 percent in 
February and advancing 12.4 percent in January. In March, higher Latin American/Caribbean and European 
fares more than offset lower Asian fares. Export air passenger fares rose 8.5 percent for the year ended in 
March. Export air freight prices fell 4.4 percent in March, the first monthly decline since the index 
decreased 2.9 percent in November 2022, and the largest 1-month drop since a 6.7-percent decline in 
October 2020. Prices for export air freight fell 5.9 percent over the past 12 months, the first over-the-year 
decrease since November 2020. 
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for April 2023 are scheduled for release on Friday, May 12, 
2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2022 to March 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Feb. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023
All commodities		100.000	141.0	140.1	-4.6	0.1	-0.4	-0.2	-0.6
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.771	109.0	108.6	-1.6	0.4	0.1	0.3	-0.4
All imports excluding petroleum		91.708	125.1	124.3	-1.5	0.9	0.3	-0.3	-0.6
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		90.933	128.6	128.0	-1.5	0.4	0.2	0.4	-0.5
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	7.163	214.7	213.7	1.3	0.6	1.2	1.5	-0.5
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.698	236.3	234.6	2.9	0.7	1.2	1.5	-0.7
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.465	163.9	164.7	-5.1	0.1	1.3	1.3	0.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	25.085	250.0	244.9	-17.4	-0.1	-2.1	-2.1	-2.0
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		16.940	212.8	207.3	-11.0	3.7	0.3	-3.4	-2.6
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		16.033	234.5	231.0	-10.5	1.2	-0.4	0.1	-1.5
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.164	229.4	225.8	-12.0	2.4	-0.4	1.7	-1.6
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		6.629	194.0	186.0	-7.6	5.9	1.3	-10.3	-4.1
Fuels & lubricants	10	9.067	283.6	275.3	-27.9	-2.3	-4.9	-5.7	-2.9
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	8.292	296.2	292.7	-28.6	-6.6	-6.8	-0.2	-1.2
Crude petroleum	10000	4.988	289.3	292.1	-31.7	-10.6	-3.0	-0.2	1.0
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.644	268.0	198.0	-23.6	56.1	9.4	-45.2	-26.1
Natural gas	10110	0.533	258.4	177.5	-28.3	68.4	10.3	-49.9	-31.3
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.549	147.1	144.5	14.8	0.4	-0.5	-1.5	-1.8
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	5.306	202.6	199.9	-8.5	-1.3	-0.5	-2.7	-1.3
Selected building materials	13	1.758	193.2	192.9	-21.5	-2.5	-2.4	2.5	-0.2
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.238	351.1	339.9	-16.5	4.5	-0.1	2.2	-3.2
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	2.337	218.5	216.1	-5.5	3.1	0.4	0.6	-1.1
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.830	129.0	129.2	2.9	-0.1	0.1	1.3	0.2
Capital goods	2	27.706	93.8	93.7	1.6	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.705	129.0	128.8	1.4	0.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.630	84.9	84.8	1.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.371	150.5	151.5	7.6	0.3	0.9	0.9	0.7
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	12.718	117.7	117.6	2.3	0.1	0.4	0.0	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.328	110.5	110.2	-0.3	0.1	0.1	0.5	-0.3
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.735	125.3	125.2	-0.2	0.0	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	13.561	95.7	95.5	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.3	-0.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.031	133.9	128.0	-5.1	0.2	-0.8	4.4	-4.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2022 to March 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Feb. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023
All commodities		100.000	151.8	151.3	-4.8	-3.0	0.3	0.4	-0.3
Agricultural commodities		11.282	253.8	250.1	-2.3	-2.4	-0.8	1.2	-1.5
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		72.583	115.0	115.0	-0.1	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.0
All exports excluding fuels (June 2022=100)		82.916	100.2	100.1	-	0.1	0.8	0.8	-0.1
Nonagricultural commodities		88.718	144.0	143.7	-5.2	-3.1	0.4	0.3	-0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	10.332	255.8	251.8	-3.0	-2.7	-0.7	0.8	-1.6
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	9.905	257.7	253.6	-2.7	-2.8	-0.8	0.9	-1.6
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.428	220.9	218.5	-11.1	0.1	-0.2	-1.0	-1.1
Industrial supplies & materials	1	39.038	209.2	208.0	-13.1	-6.4	-0.3	0.1	-0.6
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.952	216.4	213.7	-7.4	2.5	0.3	1.0	-1.2
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		28.086	203.5	203.0	-14.9	-9.1	-0.5	-0.2	-0.2
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.347	238.6	237.3	0.3	0.7	-0.8	3.1	-0.5
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		37.691	208.3	207.2	-13.5	-6.7	-0.3	0.0	-0.5
Fuels & lubricants	11	17.084	257.1	255.3	-20.6	-14.0	-0.4	-1.5	-0.7
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.800	199.9	198.9	-6.3	1.1	-0.1	1.3	-0.5
Selected building materials	13	0.807	150.9	152.0	-9.5	0.3	-2.2	0.7	0.7
Capital goods	2	30.092	120.5	120.8	2.9	0.1	0.8	0.5	0.2
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.363	136.8	137.0	4.7	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.080	101.3	101.4	2.0	0.0	0.8	0.4	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	4.648	204.9	205.9	6.0	0.2	1.4	1.6	0.5
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	8.041	123.9	123.9	4.0	0.3	1.5	-0.1	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.497	118.6	118.7	2.2	0.1	1.0	0.6	0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.604	110.0	109.9	-0.5	0.3	0.7	0.5	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	4.641	118.0	118.5	5.3	-0.2	1.7	0.1	0.4
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.251	131.7	131.8	4.5	-0.2	0.1	3.4	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2022 to March 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Feb. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		8.250	147.6	144.1	-23.8	-2.3	-0.3	-4.4	-2.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.267	226.8	219.2	0.0	1.8	1.5	4.1	-3.4
Crop production	111	1.826	237.5	227.6	-0.5	1.4	1.5	2.9	-4.2
Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)	112	0.274	117.0	113.3	-	-	2.9	13.7	-3.2
Mining	21	5.983	140.6	137.8	-29.9	-3.5	-0.9	-7.3	-2.0
Oil and gas extraction	211	5.680	138.2	135.3	-31.4	-3.5	-1.2	-8.2	-2.1
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2022=100)	212	0.303	122.3	122.1	-	-	6.5	14.8	-0.2
Manufacturing		91.389	123.2	122.6	-2.3	0.3	-0.4	0.2	-0.5
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.360	139.0	138.8	0.9	-0.1	0.2	0.4	-0.1
Food manufacturing	311	4.235	189.1	188.8	1.0	-0.1	0.7	1.0	-0.2
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.157	138.4	139.3	4.0	0.4	1.6	0.8	0.7
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.198	119.3	119.1	2.8	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.356	126.3	125.9	-1.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 2	32	20.108	145.6	143.9	-8.6	-0.8	-2.0	-0.5	-1.2
Paper manufacturing	322	0.991	126.3	124.9	6.4	0.2	-0.4	-0.9	-1.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	3.101	144.4	138.0	-19.2	-0.4	-12.5	-0.4	-4.4
Chemical manufacturing	325	11.223	153.2	152.1	-5.8	-0.9	0.6	-1.3	-0.7
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.615	133.3	133.5	2.1	-0.2	-0.8	0.9	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.049	143.3	143.6	2.6	0.4	0.8	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.922	113.4	113.0	-0.7	0.7	0.1	0.4	-0.4
Primary metal manufacturing	331	5.051	236.9	228.7	-13.3	4.3	0.0	1.6	-3.5
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.315	149.6	149.4	-1.8	0.8	-0.6	-0.1	-0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.633	131.0	131.2	3.9	0.5	1.6	0.5	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.919	73.9	73.7	-0.3	0.0	-0.4	0.1	-0.3
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.901	126.8	126.9	0.7	-0.2	-0.1	0.2	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	12.928	116.7	116.7	2.5	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	2.000	129.0	128.8	2.0	0.5	-0.5	0.2	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	6.174	127.3	127.3	1.0	0.5	0.2	0.5	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2022 to March 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Feb. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		15.625	190.3	187.7	-19.0	-7.6	-3.6	-0.9	-1.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.825	224.7	218.2	-9.1	-3.3	-1.6	1.8	-2.9
Crop production	111	5.504	239.1	232.2	-8.8	-3.6	-1.8	1.9	-2.9
Mining	21	9.800	114.6	114.0	-24.1	-9.9	-4.7	-2.5	-0.5
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	8.324	100.5	99.8	-26.0	-11.4	-5.8	-3.0	-0.7
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.476	153.3	153.6	-10.0	3.3	2.2	1.3	0.2
Manufacturing		82.686	135.3	135.2	-1.5	-2.1	0.7	0.5	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.965	177.1	177.1	2.6	-1.5	-0.2	0.4	0.0
Food manufacturing	311	5.157	209.1	209.1	3.0	-2.0	-0.5	0.3	0.0
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.542	149.4	149.4	5.0	0.7	-0.2	2.7	0.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	26.419	140.6	140.5	-7.9	-6.5	1.1	0.4	-0.1
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.407	118.0	120.0	-16.3	-2.2	0.6	0.5	1.7
Paper manufacturing	322	1.673	159.0	155.0	9.2	-0.7	1.8	-0.7	-2.5
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.991	163.1	160.7	-18.7	-19.8	5.2	0.0	-1.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.177	134.7	135.6	-4.6	-0.4	-0.7	1.0	0.7
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.237	133.4	133.7	3.4	1.3	0.8	-0.5	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.744	130.7	130.9	-0.1	3.1	-2.6	0.8	0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	49.302	128.6	128.4	1.8	0.4	0.7	0.6	-0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.354	210.0	203.5	-12.8	2.5	-1.5	1.8	-3.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.241	147.6	148.2	6.1	0.4	1.9	0.3	0.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.702	84.0	83.9	-0.6	-0.2	0.0	0.4	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.491	135.1	135.0	5.1	0.2	0.9	0.4	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	11.775	142.3	142.5	4.9	0.2	1.6	0.6	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.765	136.1	137.2	4.3	-0.1	0.4	1.0	0.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2022 to March 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Feb. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	1.569	238.0	237.3	-3.7	-0.6	0.9	4.7	-0.3
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.372	297.6	301.0	-15.0	-3.1	-2.1	0.6	1.1
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.840	163.2	164.7	-5.1	0.3	1.8	2.4	0.9
Vegetable products	II	2.269	262.2	254.5	1.5	2.8	1.1	2.3	-2.9
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.528	476.0	485.8	12.5	0.1	3.3	-6.8	2.1
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.821	131.2	125.5	-3.0	4.9	-0.6	4.5	-4.3
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.400	311.1	311.9	0.1	-2.1	3.9	5.1	0.3
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.389	150.7	146.4	-9.2	-1.4	1.7	-2.5	-2.9
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.325	193.8	195.0	5.7	0.2	0.9	0.6	0.6
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.207	111.7	112.6	9.4	-0.3	2.1	1.9	0.8
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.227	113.3	115.2	12.1	1.0	1.2	0.0	1.7
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2022=100)	21	0.399	100.0	100.0	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.090	151.7	152.8	3.9	0.1	1.8	0.8	0.7
Mineral products	V	9.211	291.6	283.2	-27.2	-2.4	-4.9	-5.1	-2.9
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.837	283.6	275.1	-28.4	-2.5	-5.2	-5.7	-3.0
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.679	174.8	173.3	-3.3	-0.4	0.9	-0.3	-0.9
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.649	538.8	520.3	-2.3	-0.8	1.1	-2.6	-3.4
Organic chemicals	29	2.401	146.5	145.3	-3.2	0.3	1.7	0.2	-0.8
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.224	147.9	147.9	-2.0	0.0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100)	31	0.432	81.3	74.5	-	-	-0.6	-18.2	-8.4
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)	32	0.207	103.2	102.9	-	-	0.7	2.5	-0.3
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.842	122.8	120.8	2.7	0.3	1.2	0.7	-1.6
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.098	156.6	157.6	-1.6	-0.2	-1.0	0.4	0.6
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.675	156.7	158.4	-4.1	-0.3	-1.5	0.0	1.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.423	159.7	159.4	4.2	0.0	0.1	1.1	-0.2
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.988	132.7	131.6	5.4	0.1	-0.4	-0.9	-0.8
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.401	120.7	120.6	0.8	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.211	127.5	127.5	2.7	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.191	126.2	125.8	-0.2	-0.1	-0.4	-0.2	-0.3
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	0.962	122.8	122.2	-0.9	-0.1	-0.5	-0.4	-0.5
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.922	136.6	137.2	2.8	0.1	1.2	0.7	0.4
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.339	102.1	102.3	1.6	-0.6	-0.8	1.2	0.2
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.311	103.2	103.5	2.4	-0.6	2.3	0.6	0.3
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.372	238.6	227.7	-10.4	4.9	1.8	0.6	-4.6
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.358	238.9	237.3	-8.2	1.6	-0.2	0.9	-0.7
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.887	206.2	205.8	-2.3	0.0	0.8	0.2	-0.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.562	395.6	391.8	-10.7	6.8	-0.7	4.7	-1.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.109	198.6	193.4	-14.0	5.5	0.6	2.4	-2.6
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.445	131.8	132.2	3.3	0.4	1.2	0.4	0.3
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.556	150.4	150.2	1.7	-0.1	-0.3	-0.8	-0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.913	83.1	83.0	0.9	0.0	0.1	0.2	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.307	90.5	90.2	1.6	0.2	0.4	0.6	-0.3
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.606	76.2	76.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3	0.0	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	10.792	121.6	121.6	2.8	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	10.172	120.7	120.6	2.6	0.0	0.5	0.0	-0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.510	107.8	108.0	5.3	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.062	106.5	106.7	1.7	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.2
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.777	102.2	102.4	1.6	0.3	0.0	0.3	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.813	120.2	120.3	1.9	0.5	-0.3	0.4	0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.744	127.9	127.6	1.0	0.3	-0.2	0.2	-0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.772	106.3	106.7	2.3	0.8	-0.2	0.0	0.4
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.297	146.4	146.7	7.0	0.1	0.7	5.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2022 to March 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Feb. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	2.110	270.2	262.9	-6.6	-2.0	-0.4	-1.2	-2.7
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.250	208.0	212.3	-7.5	-4.2	-0.4	-1.3	2.1
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100)	03	0.285	98.1	95.9	-	-	-0.6	-1.3	-2.2
Vegetable products	II	5.515	295.5	287.5	-7.4	-4.0	-1.3	1.9	-2.7
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.805	137.0	137.7	-2.6	1.6	-1.2	-0.3	0.5
Cereals	10	2.036	337.0	321.2	-12.6	-8.4	1.3	1.2	-4.7
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.137	319.3	312.5	-7.2	-3.0	2.3	1.2	-2.1
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.016	189.0	190.8	5.6	-1.4	0.4	0.3	1.0
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.660	116.7	116.0	10.4	0.9	4.0	1.6	-0.6
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.462	108.7	109.3	-0.5	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.6
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.819	327.7	336.0	3.1	-5.5	-4.0	1.0	2.5
Mineral products	V	16.823	307.7	305.0	-22.0	-13.9	-0.9	-1.5	-0.9
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.528	143.0	136.6	-11.6	6.4	7.8	3.2	-4.5
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	16.078	294.7	292.3	-22.6	-14.5	-1.3	-1.7	-0.8
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	12.734	164.1	164.7	1.2	-0.2	-0.7	1.2	0.4
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.290	107.1	107.1	-0.9	0.4	1.0	0.5	0.0
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.839	147.4	147.3	4.8	-0.1	3.4	1.0	-0.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.462	136.3	136.3	4.3	0.0	0.5	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.206	189.2	189.6	0.2	0.3	2.4	0.3	0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.515	159.0	160.6	-9.1	0.4	0.3	0.2	1.0
Plastics and articles thereof	39	3.734	156.5	158.3	-10.9	0.3	0.4	0.1	1.2
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.781	168.7	169.1	2.5	1.1	-0.1	0.2	0.2
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.484	112.7	114.5	-18.1	-1.6	0.2	0.4	1.6
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.821	158.0	153.2	2.7	-0.7	2.8	0.7	-3.0
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.589	179.5	176.5	1.3	-3.3	4.4	2.2	-1.7
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.997	153.1	146.0	4.6	1.1	2.6	-0.4	-4.6
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.565	188.6	185.9	-1.7	0.7	-2.3	6.7	-1.4
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.725	145.9	145.9	1.5	1.4	-1.6	0.6	0.0
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.442	110.2	110.2	1.7	0.0	-2.1	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.656	324.6	315.7	-9.1	2.9	1.0	1.2	-2.7
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.473	212.6	213.5	-5.3	2.0	-1.2	1.8	0.4
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.621	281.4	257.7	-11.6	10.8	-3.3	7.5	-8.4
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.687	150.7	150.2	-8.3	2.0	2.1	1.3	-0.3
Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec. 2022=100)	83	0.304	99.0	101.6	-	-	0.5	-1.5	2.6
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	25.419	106.4	106.5	3.4	0.1	1.1	0.6	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.586	128.4	128.6	4.3	0.2	1.8	0.5	0.2
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.833	83.0	83.0	2.1	-0.2	0.2	0.6	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	8.896	150.0	150.2	3.6	0.3	0.7	0.2	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	6.724	125.2	125.2	2.8	0.3	0.6	-0.2	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.388	114.8	115.2	1.8	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.193	136.6	135.9	9.1	0.1	1.5	0.2	-0.5
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi	94	0.569	149.5	148.1	3.5	0.0	0.5	0.0	-0.9
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.480	117.9	117.5	18.8	0.5	3.1	0.3	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: March 2022 to March 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	145.0	143.8	-7.7	0.5	0.1	-1.2	-0.8
Nonmanufacturing	10.589	238.3	232.4	-32.9	-1.7	0.2	-10.1	-2.5
Manufacturing	88.846	137.2	136.4	-2.9	0.7	0.0	-0.1	-0.6
Canada	100.000	174.2	172.2	-18.1	-2.0	0.0	-3.9	-1.1
Nonmanufacturing	29.692	234.0	227.6	-34.2	-1.8	0.2	-10.9	-2.7
Manufacturing	69.350	162.0	161.0	-8.3	-2.1	-0.2	-0.7	-0.6
European Union	100.000	155.1	154.3	1.4	1.4	0.9	0.4	-0.5
Manufacturing	99.167	150.9	150.1	1.9	1.4	1.0	0.5	-0.5
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	145.9	146.0	2.0	0.1	1.8	0.7	0.1
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.3	126.2	3.3	0.3	0.3	0.6	-0.9
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	135.9	135.7	-2.0	2.0	1.7	-0.9	-0.1
Latin America(3)	100.000	169.3	169.8	-1.2	-1.2	0.1	0.5	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	13.896	319.7	317.9	-13.7	-5.2	-2.0	1.2	-0.6
Manufacturing	85.805	137.2	137.8	1.6	-0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	142.0	142.0	-0.1	-0.4	0.4	0.3	0.0
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.117	152.3	153.9	-20.3	-5.8	-0.1	0.5	1.1
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.584	97.8	97.8	2.7	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.0
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	104.0	103.6	-1.3	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.4
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	103.8	103.3	-1.3	-0.2	-0.5	0.1	-0.5
Japan	100.000	101.0	100.7	0.7	0.1	0.1	-0.2	-0.3
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	111.2	111.5	0.7	0.0	0.2	-0.2	0.3
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	97.2	96.5	-3.3	-1.3	-0.3	0.2	-0.7
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	103.6	103.4	-0.7	-0.2	0.3	0.0	-0.2
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	220.2	219.1	-14.7	-5.6	-1.6	-0.7	-0.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: March 2022 to March 2023 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	120.7	120.0	-3.5	-1.0	0.3	0.5	-0.6
Nonmanufacturing	13.078	145.0	142.8	-20.2	-5.7	-0.6	0.7	-1.5
Manufacturing	85.062	117.9	117.5	0.3	-0.3	0.3	0.4	-0.3
Canada	100.000	128.8	127.7	-1.1	0.2	-0.5	0.2	-0.9
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	7.708	136.0	132.3	-26.4	1.0	-16.3	-0.6	-2.7
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	90.607	120.5	119.7	2.2	-0.1	1.1	0.2	-0.7
European Union	100.000	117.0	116.8	-5.2	-1.5	0.1	-0.3	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	15.665	138.6	135.8	-23.8	-5.1	-0.7	0.4	-2.0
Manufacturing	82.488	113.0	113.3	0.1	-0.9	0.2	-0.2	0.3
Germany	100.000	115.3	115.1	2.5	0.1	2.0	-0.4	-0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	126.8	126.9	-8.7	-6.3	0.4	-0.6	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	9.850	154.0	154.0	-27.1	-4.0	-9.7	-8.3	0.0
Manufacturing	89.552	124.9	125.1	-5.9	-6.7	1.9	0.2	0.2
Mexico	100.000	125.6	125.9	-7.2	-4.1	0.5	-0.8	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	8.572	132.2	132.4	-29.0	0.2	-12.4	-13.5	0.2
Manufacturing	90.824	126.1	126.4	-4.2	-4.7	2.1	0.6	0.2
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	117.0	115.5	-6.2	-2.5	-0.1	1.3	-1.3
Nonmanufacturing	22.684	133.6	127.2	-22.4	-9.3	0.1	3.3	-4.8
Manufacturing	76.120	114.5	114.1	1.6	-0.3	0.2	1.0	-0.3
China	100.000	112.7	111.4	-9.0	-2.7	0.6	1.6	-1.2
Nonmanufacturing	29.122	120.3	115.8	-23.6	-7.5	1.1	3.8	-3.7
Manufacturing	69.739	112.2	112.2	0.5	-0.4	0.4	0.7	0.0
Japan	100.000	118.8	116.5	-8.3	-3.1	-0.4	1.2	-1.9
Nonmanufacturing	27.180	144.8	137.4	-24.7	-12.8	0.6	4.2	-5.1
Manufacturing	71.324	111.1	110.6	1.7	1.2	-0.8	0.5	-0.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: March 2022 to March 2023(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Annual	Monthly
			Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	101.9	102.1	4.5	-1.4	0.1	1.8	0.2
Canada	97.2	97.4	20.7	2.2	-0.4	4.3	0.2
European Union	101.5	101.9	-6.5	-2.9	-0.8	-0.7	0.4
Germany	104.3	105.0	-0.8	-0.2	1.7	-1.0	0.7
Latin America(3)	111.5	111.3	-7.6	-5.2	0.4	-1.2	-0.2
Mexico	114.1	114.4	-7.1	-3.7	0.0	-1.0	0.3
Pacific Rim(4)	110.7	109.7	-4.9	-2.4	0.1	1.4	-0.9
China	108.7	107.9	-7.8	-2.5	1.1	1.5	-0.7
Japan	112.3	110.5	-8.9	-3.2	-0.5	1.4	-1.6
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: March 2022 to March 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2022 to Mar. 2023	Nov. 2022 to Dec. 2022	Dec. 2022 to Jan. 2023	Jan. 2023 to Feb. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	237.9	230.9	-35.8	10.1	-11.8	-5.3	-2.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	34.770	271.5	258.4	-15.1	3.0	3.4	-0.4	-4.8
Asia	64.727	205.5	201.3	-43.4	13.3	-18.7	-7.3	-2.0
Export Air Freight	100.000	203.3	194.4	-5.9	1.9	1.4	2.7	-4.4
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	24.202	152.5	148.3	-10.1	9.3	0.3	-5.1	-2.8
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	53.885	162.4	156.4	-6.5	-2.6	1.4	5.9	-3.7
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	181.0	173.7	-36.1	0.7	-3.8	-3.9	-4.0
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	32.070	186.5	181.2	-17.1	1.5	7.5	-0.5	-2.8
Asia	56.823	157.6	149.0	-45.5	0.9	-10.0	-4.7	-5.5
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	212.6	205.2	-3.1	4.3	-4.8	9.7	-3.5
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.800	197.6	188.6	3.7	1.8	-0.4	1.8	-4.6
Asia	56.646	241.6	234.1	-4.3	8.0	-9.4	16.5	-3.1
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	177.2	180.5	11.3	5.9	-12.4	2.1	1.9
Europe	43.525	190.8	193.8	7.0	-2.1	1.0	-2.9	1.6
Asia	5.642	170.4	167.9	-0.6	12.9	-17.2	-0.2	-1.5
Latin America/Caribbean	17.212	167.8	177.4	42.5	14.7	-21.6	10.3	5.7
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	179.2	190.6	8.5	-3.3	12.4	-13.7	6.4
Europe	20.099	210.3	214.8	3.6	-4.4	6.5	-5.3	2.1
Asia	12.029	196.8	179.7	-17.5	-6.5	13.3	-14.4	-8.7
Latin America/Caribbean	54.080	180.8	203.3	34.9	-1.7	17.2	-18.3	12.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 
telecommunications relay services.