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Economic News Release
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U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, May 14, 2020

Technical information:  (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp                      USDL-20-0921
Media contact:	   	(202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov

                            U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - APRIL 2020

U.S. import prices declined 2.6 percent in April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
following a 2.4-percent decrease in March. Both monthly declines were led by falling fuel prices. Prices for 
U.S. exports fell 3.3 percent in April, after decreasing 1.7 percent the previous month.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
           Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on April 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data
           
The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make any changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the April release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for April 
were 6.5 percentage points lower than those in April 2019. A small number of indexes that are normally 
published were not published in April. Additional information is available at 
www.bls.gov/bls/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-april-2020.htm.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports

U.S. import prices fell 2.6 percent in April, the largest monthly drop since the index declined 3.2 percent in 
January 2015. The April decrease followed a 2.4-percent drop in March and a 0.7-percent decline in 
February. Prices for U.S. imports also fell on a 12-month basis, decreasing 6.8 percent for the year ended in 
April. The decrease was the largest 12-month drop since the index declined 8.3 percent from December 
2014 to December 2015. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices declined 31.5 percent in April, after decreasing 26.0 percent in March. 
The April decline was the largest 1-month drop since the index was first published monthly in September 
1992. The decline in fuel prices was led by a 33.0-percent drop in the price index for import petroleum; 
natural gas prices also fell in April, decreasing 3.3 percent. Prices for import fuel declined 56.6 percent from 
April 2019 to April 2020, the largest 12-month drop since the index was first published in December 1984. 
Petroleum prices declined 58.5 percent over the past year, and more than offset a 5.9-percent advance in 
natural gas prices.  
 
All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for imports excluding fuel fell 0.5 percent in April following no 
change the previous month. In April, the drop was driven by lower prices for industrial supplies and 
materials; foods, feeds, and beverages; and consumer goods, which more than offset rising prices for 
automotive vehicles and capital goods. Nonfuel import prices declined 1.0 percent over the past 12 months.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices declined 3.2 
percent in April, after rising 0.2 percent in March. The April decrease was led by lower prices for unfinished 
metals, selected building materials, and chemicals. 
	
Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in April. Automotive vehicles prices rose 0.4 percent, 
driven by higher prices for passenger cars. Prices for capital goods ticked up 0.1 percent and have not 
declined since November. Despite the recent advances, prices for import capital goods fell 0.7 percent over 
the past 12 months. In contrast, the price index for consumer goods declined 0.2 percent in April. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages fell 1.3 percent in April, after declining 
1.0 percent the previous month. The April drop was led by lower prices for fruit, meat, and food oils.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
Month IMPORTS EXPORTS
All
imports
Fuel
imports
Nonfuel
imports
All
exports
Agri-
cultural
exports
Non-
agricultural
exports

2019

April

0.2 1.9 -0.1 0.1 -1.4 0.2

May

0.2 3.6 -0.3 -0.3 -1.1 -0.2

June

-1.1 -7.8 -0.3 -0.6 2.4 -0.9

July

0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2

August

-0.6 -4.2 -0.1 -0.6 -2.4 -0.3

September

0.1 1.0 -0.1 -0.3 -1.6 -0.2

October

-0.4 -1.6 -0.3 0.0 1.7 -0.2

November

0.2 2.2 -0.1 0.1 2.4 -0.1

December

0.2 1.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2

2020

January

0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.6 (r)2.0 0.6

February

-0.7 (r)-9.1 (r)0.2 (r)-1.2 (r)-2.8 -1.1

March

(r)-2.4 (r)-26.0 0.0 (r)-1.7 (r)-1.5 (r)-1.7

April

-2.6 -31.5 -0.5 -3.3 -3.1 -3.3

Apr. 2018 to 2019

-0.2 6.5 -0.9 0.2 -2.7 0.5

Apr. 2019 to 2020

-6.8 -56.6 -1.0 -7.0 -4.1 -7.3

Footnotes
(r) Revised

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports decreased 3.3 percent in April following declines of 1.7 percent in March 
and 1.2 percent in February. The April drop was the largest 1-month decrease in export prices since the 
index was first published on a monthly basis in December 1988. Declining prices for both nonagricultural 
exports and agricultural exports contributed to the April decrease. Prices for U.S. exports fell 7.0 percent 
from April 2019 to April 2020, the largest over-the-year decline since a 7.3-percent drop for the year ended 
September 2015. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports fell 3.1 percent in April, after decreasing 1.5 percent 
in March and 2.8 percent in February. The April drop was the largest decline since the index fell 5.2 percent 
in July 2018. Lower prices for corn, meat, cotton, fruit, soybeans, and nuts all contributed to the overall 
decline in April. The price index for agricultural exports decreased 4.1 percent over the past year, driven by 
falling prices for cotton, vegetables, corn, and meat.  

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices decreased 3.3 percent in April 
following a 1.7-percent decline in March and a 1.1-percent drop in February. The April decrease was the 
largest decline since the index was first published on a monthly basis in December 1988. In April, the drop 
was driven by lower nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices; lower consumer goods prices 
also contributed to the decline. The price index for nonagricultural exports decreased 7.3 percent over the 
past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the index was first published in March 1985.     

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials declined 10.0 percent in April, after a 4.8-percent drop in March. The April decrease was led by a 
28.2-percent drop in fuel prices and was the largest decline in nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials prices since the index was first published monthly in September 1992.   

Finished Goods: Prices for finished goods were down overall in April. Consumer goods prices declined 0.3 
percent following a 0.6-percent drop in March. The April decline was driven by lower prices for medicinal, 
dental, and pharmaceutical materials. The price indexes for capital goods and automotive vehicles were 
unchanged in April.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China ticked up 0.1 percent in April, the first 
monthly advance since the index rose 0.2 percent in December 2019. The price index for imports from 
China declined 1.1 percent for the year ended in April, the smallest over-the-year decrease since the index 
declined 1.0 percent from March 2018 to March 2019. In contrast, import prices from Japan decreased 0.2 
percent in April, the largest drop since the index fell 0.3 percent in October 2017. Prices for imports from 
Japan edged down 0.1 percent over the past year. Driven by lower petroleum prices, the price index for 
imports from Canada decreased 10.2 percent, the largest decline since the index was first published on a 
monthly basis in September 1992. Import prices from Canada fell 23.5 percent for the year ended in April. 
Prices for imports from the European Union decreased 0.7 percent in April and prices for imports from 
Mexico declined 0.4 percent. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China fell 2.1 percent in April, after decreasing 2.7 
percent in March and 1.0 percent in February. Prices for exports to China declined 8.2 percent over the past 
12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the index was first published in December 2017. The price 
index for exports to Japan declined 3.9 percent in April following a 3.4-percent drop in March. Those were 
the 2 largest monthly decreases since the index was first published in December 2017. Export prices to 
Canada fell 2.6 percent in April, after a 2.5-percent drop the previous month. Those were the largest 
decreases since the index declined 2.9 percent in January 2019. Prices for exports to the European Union 
fell 2.4 percent in April and the price index for exports to Mexico decreased 5.2 percent. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
China fell 2.2 percent in April following a 2.7-percent drop the previous month. The drop in April resulted 
from both a decrease in export prices to China and an increase in import prices from China. The U.S. terms 
of trade with Japan declined 3.6 percent in April, after a 3.4-percent drop in March. The indexes for U.S. 
terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico also fell in April, decreasing 1.7 percent and 4.8 
percent, respectively. In contrast, the U.S. terms of trade with Canada increased 8.5 percent in April, and 
advanced 22.0 percent over the past year. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares fell 12.3 percent in April, after declining 9.8 percent the previous 
month. The April decrease was the largest drop since the index was first published monthly in December 
2000. The decline in April was driven by a 26.0-percent decrease in European fares. Import air passenger 
fares fell 16.2 percent for the year ended in April, the largest over-the-year drop since the index decreased 
19.5 percent from August 2008 to August 2009. Import air freight prices rose 38.5 percent in April, the 
largest advance since the index was first published monthly in December 2005. The price index for import 
air freight increased 40.4 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares fell 7.9 percent in April following decreases of 4.2 percent in March 
and 9.3 percent in February. The index for export air passenger fares declined 14.1 percent over the past 
year, the largest 12-month drop since the index fell 14.6 percent for the year ended December 2015. The 
price index for export air freight declined 2.6 percent in April and 3.3 percent over the past 12 months, the 
largest over-the-year decrease since the index fell 6.0 percent for the year ended January 2010.  

Import and Export Price Index data for May are scheduled for release on Friday, June 12, 2020 at 8:30 a.m. 
(EDT).


Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2019 to April 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Mar.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
Annual Monthly
Apr.
2019
to
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2019
to
Jan.
2020
Jan.
2020
to
Feb.
2020
Feb.
2020
to
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2020
to
Apr.
2020

All commodities

  100.000 121.3 118.2 -6.8 0.2 -0.7 -2.4 -2.6

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  86.848 99.1 98.7 -0.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.4

All imports excluding petroleum

  93.523 112.1 111.5 -1.1 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.5

All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  93.173 116.2 115.6 -1.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.5

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

6.325 178.9 176.5 -4.1 0.5 1.2 -1.0 -1.3

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

4.877 193.5 190.4 -6.0 0.1 1.1 -1.0 -1.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

1.448 146.8 145.9 2.7 1.8 1.5 -0.9 -0.6

Industrial supplies & materials

1

21.067 163.5 143.4 -26.4 0.1 -3.3 -10.1 -12.3

Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum

  14.799 155.0 150.1 -3.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.3 -3.2

Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  14.258 176.1 170.5 -3.6 0.2 0.9 0.2 -3.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  9.048 171.2 164.0 -2.1 0.7 1.6 0.6 -4.2

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum

  5.543 134.7 132.6 -5.1 -1.9 -1.6 -1.8 -1.6

Fuels & lubricants

10

6.827 142.7 97.8 -56.6 -0.1 -9.1 -26.0 -31.5

Petroleum & petroleum products

100

6.477 152.5 102.1 -58.5 0.4 -8.9 -26.5 -33.0

Crude

10000

3.953 138.8 86.7 -66.6 -0.3 -10.8 -33.1 -37.5

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas

101

0.350 93.5 90.9 0.4 -10.5 -12.3 -13.4 -2.8

Gas-natural

10110

0.288 81.8 79.1 5.9 -12.8 -14.0 -15.7 -3.3

Paper & paper base stocks

11

0.514 108.9 107.5 -13.0 -1.2 -0.7 -0.5 -1.3

Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials

12

4.679 153.5 151.2 -5.2 -0.6 -0.2 -0.5 -1.5

Selected building materials

13

1.602 148.4 141.5 -1.2 -0.1 1.7 1.9 -4.6

Unfinished metals related to durable goods

14

3.794 248.3 228.6 -3.2 2.1 3.5 1.2 -7.9

Finished metals related to durable goods

15

1.813 155.5 155.7 -2.0 0.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.1

Nonmetals related to durable goods

16

1.839 112.5 112.3 -0.8 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2

Capital goods

2

29.261 87.8 87.9 -0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Electric generating equipment

20

3.722 120.9 120.9 1.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery

21

23.122 79.7 79.8 -1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

2.417 135.1 135.3 -0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

16.057 110.4 110.8 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.4

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

27.289 106.5 106.3 -0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.2

Nondurables, manufactured

40

13.474 123.9 123.9 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Durables, manufactured

41

12.575 90.8 91.1 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.3

Nonmanufactured consumer goods

42

- 111.3 - - 0.1 0.0 -4.5 -

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2019 to April 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Mar.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
Annual Monthly
Apr.
2019
to
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2019
to
Jan.
2020
Jan.
2020
to
Feb.
2020
Feb.
2020
to
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2020
to
Apr.
2020

All commodities

  100.000 122.2 118.2 -7.0 0.6 -1.2 -1.7 -3.3

Agricultural commodities

  9.438 176.3 170.8 -4.1 2.0 -2.8 -1.5 -3.1

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  82.087 101.7 101.1 -0.7 0.4 0.3 0.0 -0.6

Nonagricultural commodities

  90.562 118.1 114.2 -7.3 0.6 -1.1 -1.7 -3.3

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

8.753 180.4 175.0 -3.2 2.3 -2.9 -1.6 -3.0

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

8.194 178.8 173.0 -3.2 2.3 -3.1 -1.4 -3.2

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

0.560 212.0 213.7 -2.0 2.1 -0.4 -3.9 0.8

Industrial supplies & materials

1

31.119 140.4 126.8 -20.5 0.9 -3.3 -4.7 -9.7

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  10.868 170.6 167.4 0.5 1.3 1.7 -0.6 -1.9

Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable

  20.251 127.8 110.1 -29.6 0.6 -5.7 -6.8 -13.8

Agricultural industrial supplies & materials

10

1.214 166.5 162.4 -9.4 0.3 -1.0 -2.1 -2.5

Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials

  29.904 139.5 125.6 -20.9 0.9 -3.4 -4.8 -10.0

Fuels & lubricants

11

9.160 134.9 96.8 -50.4 1.1 -10.7 -13.6 -28.2

Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials

12

19.799 157.4 154.2 -2.7 0.7 0.8 -0.4 -2.0

Selected building materials

13

0.945 117.8 117.8 -4.1 -0.6 0.0 1.5 0.0

Capital goods

2

37.500 111.6 111.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0

Electrical generating equipment

20

3.880 120.0 120.0 1.7 0.7 1.6 0.0 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery

21

24.393 95.3 95.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

9.227 184.3 184.6 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

10.046 114.4 114.4 -0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

12.582 109.8 109.5 -0.7 0.1 0.1 -0.6 -0.3

Nondurables, manufactured

40

6.083 108.0 107.5 -0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.5

Durables, manufactured

41

5.079 107.7 107.7 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.0

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)

42

- 93.4 - - -0.1 -0.2 -5.4 -

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2019 to April 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Mar.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
Annual Monthly
Apr.
2019
to
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2019
to
Jan.
2020
Jan.
2020
to
Feb.
2020
Feb.
2020
to
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2020
to
Apr.
2020

Nonmanufacturing

  6.436 78.4 58.9 -52.3 -0.4 -7.9 -24.7 -24.9

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

1.908 174.9 169.9 -11.0 1.0 1.5 -1.8 -2.9

Crop production

111

1.551 185.2 179.8 -12.5 0.1 2.9 -1.1 -2.9

Mining

21

4.527 65.6 43.3 -62.9 -0.7 -10.3 -31.5 -34.0

Oil and gas extraction

211

4.267 63.9 40.8 -65.0 -0.7 -10.9 -32.5 -36.2

Manufacturing

  93.257 110.4 109.2 -2.0 0.2 0.1 -0.5 -1.1

Manufacturing, part 1

31

11.657 125.5 125.1 -0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.3

Food manufacturing

311

3.605 154.4 152.4 -2.5 0.1 0.0 -0.6 -1.3

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

1.207 129.3 129.3 4.5 0.4 2.1 0.2 0.0

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)

313

0.375 97.8 97.0 -3.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7 -0.8

Textile product mills

314

0.958 107.0 106.8 -1.7 -0.6 0.2 0.2 -0.2

Apparel manufacturing

315

3.827 112.5 112.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

Leather and allied product manufacturing

316

1.685 124.2 124.2 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2

32

18.407 122.1 116.8 -7.7 0.2 -0.6 -1.9 -4.3

Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)

321

0.870 106.6 97.6 - -0.3 3.1 3.7 -8.4

Paper manufacturing

322

1.014 107.2 105.8 -8.5 -0.6 -0.3 0.0 -1.3

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

2.308 83.8 61.3 -39.5 2.4 -4.5 -13.3 -26.8

Chemical manufacturing

325

10.481 137.6 136.4 -2.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.9

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.430 118.6 118.7 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

1.105 131.2 131.3 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Manufacturing, part 3

33

63.192 103.6 103.3 -0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3

Primary metal manufacturing

331

4.319 163.0 152.6 -3.5 1.9 2.7 0.9 -6.4

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

332

3.295 125.9 126.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.3

Machinery manufacturing

333

7.929 119.3 119.4 0.6 0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

17.455 71.8 72.1 -1.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

5.630 117.6 117.5 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

17.120 109.5 109.8 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.3

Furniture and related product manufacturing

337

1.944 115.3 115.2 -2.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

5.500 117.3 115.4 -2.5 -0.3 0.2 -1.4 -1.6

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2019 to April 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Mar.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
Annual Monthly
Apr.
2019
to
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2019
to
Jan.
2020
Jan.
2020
to
Feb.
2020
Feb.
2020
to
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2020
to
Apr.
2020

Nonmanufacturing

  8.410 104.3 92.5 -32.4 0.2 -7.1 -12.9 -11.3

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

4.669 148.5 141.5 -6.4 3.5 -4.1 -1.5 -4.7

Crop production

111

4.318 155.7 147.6 -6.5 3.8 -4.0 -1.6 -5.2

Mining

21

3.742 52.8 42.5 -53.2 -2.5 -9.7 -24.0 -19.5

Mining (except oil and gas)

212

1.209 96.1 95.0 -19.4 -4.5 -0.4 -1.0 -1.1

Manufacturing

  90.298 115.7 112.8 -3.9 0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -2.5

Manufacturing, part 1

31

6.809 139.5 138.0 -1.8 0.9 -1.1 -1.3 -1.1

Food manufacturing

311

4.658 157.0 154.1 -2.2 0.9 -1.7 -1.8 -1.8

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

0.650 121.9 124.3 0.5 1.0 0.2 -0.7 2.0

Manufacturing, part 2

32

24.203 109.2 99.5 -15.2 1.0 -2.9 -1.0 -8.9

Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)

321

0.469 94.4 97.0 -3.4 -0.9 -0.2 1.8 2.8

Paper manufacturing

322

1.511 117.5 117.9 -7.6 -1.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.3

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

5.384 93.3 61.4 -47.3 4.5 -11.5 -4.2 -34.2

Chemical manufacturing

325

13.393 116.4 113.8 -4.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -2.2

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.359 117.2 116.6 0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.1 -0.5

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

0.881 122.7 122.0 3.6 0.1 0.2 5.2 -0.6

Manufacturing, part 3

33

59.287 116.2 116.0 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.0 -0.2

Primary metal manufacturing

331

4.388 160.6 158.4 7.2 2.4 3.5 -0.6 -1.4

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

332

3.134 150.1 149.7 2.1 0.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Machinery manufacturing

333

10.031 130.8 130.7 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

14.084 82.5 82.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.0

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

3.861 118.0 118.0 -0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

17.971 129.7 129.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2

Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)

337

0.408 124.8 124.8 1.9 0.0 1.0 0.9 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

5.410 118.6 118.2 -1.6 0.0 0.2 -1.2 -0.3

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2019 to April 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
importance
Mar.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
Annual Monthly
Apr.
2019
to
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2019
to
Jan.
2020
Jan.
2020
to
Feb.
2020
Feb.
2020
to
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2020
to
Apr.
2020

Live animals; animal products

I

1.382 193.6 190.6 -4.1 0.9 -1.2 -2.5 -1.5

Meat and edible meat offal

02

0.373 257.3 251.4 -5.3 -3.0 -1.0 -3.8 -2.3

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates

03

0.747 139.8 138.2 -2.3 3.4 -1.7 -1.4 -1.1

Vegetable products

II

1.904 204.2 200.2 -11.5 0.1 2.9 -1.3 -2.0

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers

07

0.406 421.1 430.4 -26.5 -1.4 1.9 -15.5 2.2

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

0.695 115.7 108.6 -15.7 1.5 6.9 6.8 -6.1

Coffee, tea, mate and spices

09

0.342 214.1 211.7 6.0 -1.8 3.7 -0.3 -1.1

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)

III

0.260 89.2 84.3 -4.3 4.8 -0.8 -0.1 -5.5

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

3.099 170.5 169.5 2.1 0.2 0.9 0.4 -0.6

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)

18

0.220 105.8 100.7 3.7 0.1 1.4 2.8 -4.8

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants

20

0.377 170.7 170.7 0.8 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar

22

1.157 140.5 140.1 4.6 0.5 2.3 0.2 -0.3

Mineral products

V

6.967 145.5 102.4 -54.5 -0.1 -8.5 -25.2 -29.6

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

6.619 141.0 97.0 -56.4 -0.2 -9.1 -25.9 -31.2

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

9.855 156.2 154.6 -1.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 -1.0

Inorganic chemicals

28

0.497 288.0 276.4 -11.3 -3.5 -1.2 -1.4 -4.0

Organic chemicals

29

2.217 126.7 121.6 -4.9 0.1 0.8 -0.2 -4.0

Pharmaceutical products

30

5.041 154.3 154.5 1.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)

33

0.642 103.9 103.7 0.4 1.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.2

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

0.606 101.1 100.9 -2.4 -1.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

3.710 138.6 137.9 -1.9 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5

Plastics and articles thereof

39

2.494 141.0 139.9 -2.6 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8

Rubber and articles thereof

40

1.216 135.8 135.9 -0.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 0.1

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc

VIII

0.637 125.0 124.9 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.1

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials

42

0.610 131.8 131.8 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork

IX

0.897 154.9 141.9 -2.7 -0.3 3.2 3.8 -8.4

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)

44

0.872 106.9 97.7 - -0.3 3.2 3.9 -8.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

1.046 112.7 110.8 -9.0 -1.0 -0.4 0.0 -1.7

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard

48

0.729 107.5 105.7 -5.1 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -1.7

Textile and textile articles

XI

4.959 114.1 114.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted

61

2.015 105.1 105.2 0.5 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted

62

1.656 121.3 121.8 1.3 0.5 -0.2 0.4 0.4

Made-up or worn textile articles

63

0.653 101.2 101.1 -2.4 -1.0 0.4 0.4 -0.1

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.

XII

1.414 124.3 124.4 1.8 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Footwear and parts of such articles

64

1.183 122.7 122.7 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.992 132.1 132.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

3.134 208.0 189.4 6.5 2.9 5.4 -0.3 -8.9

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

5.545 166.7 163.7 -8.3 0.1 -0.9 -0.7 -1.8

Iron and steel

72

1.144 200.5 196.4 -11.9 -0.1 1.1 -0.4 -2.0

Articles of iron or steel

73

1.714 145.8 146.3 -2.9 -0.3 -0.3 -0.5 0.3

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.405 253.8 236.2 -19.4 2.4 -7.2 -1.3 -6.9

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

0.907 124.4 120.4 -10.5 -0.2 -1.3 -0.7 -3.2

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof

82

0.474 123.0 123.0 -0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal

83

0.544 133.9 134.2 -1.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4 0.2

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

31.219 78.8 79.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

15.831 84.3 84.5 -1.3 -0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts

85

15.388 73.6 73.8 0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.3

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

14.165 114.2 114.7 1.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.4

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

13.015 113.4 113.9 1.2 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.4

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

4.175 101.7 102.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments

90

3.898 97.9 98.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

4.563 111.3 111.3 -1.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs

94

2.870 117.0 116.8 -1.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

1.417 102.1 102.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

96

0.276 127.2 127.2 -1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2019 to April 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
import-
ance
Mar.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
Annual Monthly
Apr.
2019
to
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2019
to
Jan.
2020
Jan.
2020
to
Feb.
2020
Feb.
2020
to
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2020
to
Apr.
2020

Live animals; animal products

I

1.972 211.2 204.8 -3.1 0.8 -1.8 -1.4 -3.0

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)

02

1.177 164.1 155.6 -4.9 0.2 -2.4 0.1 -5.2

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)

03

0.347 115.1 117.6 -2.5 2.9 -1.2 -5.2 2.2

Vegetable products

II

4.284 192.6 184.8 -4.4 3.8 -4.6 -1.1 -4.0

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

0.981 137.2 129.0 -3.7 -5.3 0.1 -0.1 -6.0

Cereals

10

1.451 198.3 185.8 -1.5 3.5 -0.2 -1.0 -6.3

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder

12

1.465 190.5 186.6 -1.5 4.6 -5.4 1.2 -2.0

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

3.050 151.1 149.1 -2.9 0.4 -1.0 -2.8 -1.3

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100)

20

0.335 98.6 97.9 - -0.1 -0.8 -0.5 -0.7

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)

21

0.604 100.6 100.2 2.8 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.4

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)

22

0.542 101.4 93.2 -12.3 -4.4 0.9 -5.8 -8.1

Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed

23

0.710 211.2 214.7 -3.5 5.7 -4.2 -6.0 1.7

Mineral products

V

9.114 162.8 117.1 -50.2 1.2 -10.6 -13.5 -28.1

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)

26

0.374 87.3 83.4 -17.1 -2.2 -0.8 -4.6 -4.5

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

8.539 154.4 108.4 -52.1 1.3 -11.2 -14.1 -29.8

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

11.070 136.5 135.0 -3.4 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -1.1

Inorganic chemicals

28

0.720 139.0 137.8 -7.7 0.6 -5.0 -0.7 -0.9

Organic chemicals

29

2.517 138.2 134.1 -8.8 0.2 0.1 -0.4 -3.0

Pharmaceutical products

30

3.207 107.4 106.3 -0.5 0.4 0.1 -0.7 -1.0

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)

32

0.539 103.9 103.8 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -1.0 -0.1

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations

33

0.882 128.3 128.1 -3.4 -1.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.2

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes

34

0.503 125.6 125.6 1.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

2.063 158.1 157.4 -0.1 1.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

5.243 141.9 138.9 -3.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 -2.1

Plastics and articles thereof

39

4.341 138.9 136.0 -3.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 -2.1

Rubber and articles thereof

40

0.902 152.6 149.3 -3.4 0.4 0.3 -0.3 -2.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)

IX

0.575 92.9 95.7 -3.7 -0.4 -0.1 2.5 3.0

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

1.788 119.3 120.4 -4.8 -1.1 0.4 1.3 0.9

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)

47

0.454 106.2 110.0 - -4.1 4.8 5.7 3.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard

48

1.040 122.6 123.4 -2.1 -0.2 -1.1 0.0 0.7

Textile and textile articles

XI

1.709 119.1 116.1 -6.7 1.9 -0.6 -1.4 -2.5

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof

52

0.474 114.2 102.4 -20.7 3.9 -1.6 -4.3 -10.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.856 132.1 131.8 3.4 -0.1 0.1 4.3 -0.2

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)

70

0.398 100.0 100.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

4.849 272.4 270.3 10.8 1.9 4.4 -1.9 -0.8

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

4.664 155.4 150.4 -7.6 1.4 -1.1 -0.3 -3.2

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.489 170.6 150.9 -21.6 4.1 -5.1 -1.2 -11.5

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

0.699 99.2 94.3 -13.3 1.0 1.7 -1.8 -4.9

Miscellaneous articles of base metal

83

0.346 155.8 155.8 1.2 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

29.078 98.2 98.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

17.383 116.5 116.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.0

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof

85

11.694 78.5 78.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.3

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

13.658 138.0 138.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

8.221 116.8 116.7 -0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

6.170 110.7 110.2 1.1 0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.5

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

1.378 113.9 114.1 0.9 -0.2 0.9 0.2 0.2

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;

94

0.770 133.0 133.5 1.8 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.4

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

0.449 88.4 88.2 -0.1 -1.1 1.7 -1.1 -0.2

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: April 2019 to April 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Mar.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
Annual Monthly
Apr.
2019
to
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2019
to
Jan.
2020
Jan.
2020
to
Feb.
2020
Feb.
2020
to
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2020
to
Apr.
2020

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 122.7 118.2 -8.0 -0.2 -1.4 -1.7 -3.7

Nonmanufacturing

8.061 128.1 89.9 -56.8 -2.7 -12.8 -16.7 -29.8

Manufacturing

91.420 121.6 120.0 -1.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -1.3

Canada

100.000 124.6 111.9 -23.5 -0.7 -4.5 -4.8 -10.2

Nonmanufacturing

24.052 123.1 84.6 -58.7 -2.9 -13.5 -17.2 -31.3

Manufacturing

75.053 128.9 124.5 -5.4 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 -3.4

European Union

100.000 137.3 136.4 -0.6 0.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.7

Manufacturing

98.579 133.6 132.9 -0.4 0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.5

France (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 127.3 126.1 -1.7 0.5 -0.2 -0.4 -0.9

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 113.5 113.5 1.0 0.4 0.3 -0.2 0.0

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 124.3 117.2 -3.9 0.3 0.7 0.4 -5.7

Latin America(3)

100.000 140.6 137.2 -7.8 0.3 -0.9 -2.4 -2.4

Nonmanufacturing

12.029 197.0 159.7 -41.0 1.2 -6.6 -19.1 -18.9

Manufacturing

87.675 118.9 118.7 -1.6 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.2

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 124.9 124.4 -3.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

6.962 113.9 94.1 -40.8 1.1 -3.1 -12.2 -17.4

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

92.746 87.1 87.8 0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.5 0.8

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)

100.000 97.5 97.5 -1.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

China (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 98.0 98.1 -1.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.1

Japan

100.000 96.8 96.6 -0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)

100.000 98.6 97.5 -1.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -1.1

Asian NICs(5)

100.000 85.7 85.1 -4.0 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 -0.7

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)

100.000 97.2 96.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.3

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)

100.000 135.3 115.7 -37.6 0.1 -2.7 -22.5 -14.5

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
(5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.
(6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
(7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: April 2019 to April 2020 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Mar.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
Annual Monthly
Apr.
2019
to
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2019
to
Jan.
2020
Jan.
2020
to
Feb.
2020
Feb.
2020
to
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2020
to
Apr.
2020

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 100.5 97.9 -5.5 0.5 -1.1 -1.9 -2.6

Nonmanufacturing

7.994 78.7 67.5 -41.9 0.4 -9.6 -17.6 -14.2

Manufacturing

90.710 103.2 101.7 -1.2 0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -1.5

Canada

100.000 100.8 98.2 -6.7 0.4 -1.5 -2.5 -2.6

European Union

100.000 102.1 99.7 -5.1 0.6 -0.9 -2.0 -2.4

Nonmanufacturing

7.198 73.4 65.0 -42.8 -1.3 -7.6 -20.4 -11.4

Manufacturing

91.386 105.3 103.7 -0.8 0.8 -0.3 0.0 -1.5

Germany

100.000 105.5 104.2 1.4 0.8 -0.2 0.3 -1.2

Latin America(3)

100.000 97.5 91.6 -11.0 1.6 -3.1 -0.9 -6.1

Nonmanufacturing

6.923 94.9 88.6 -17.0 1.8 -5.7 -4.8 -6.6

Manufacturing

92.580 97.7 91.8 -10.5 1.5 -3.0 -0.6 -6.0

Mexico

100.000 97.9 92.8 -8.8 1.2 -2.5 -0.6 -5.2

Nonmanufacturing

5.516 91.7 87.5 -12.3 1.8 -5.1 -1.5 -4.6

Manufacturing

93.897 98.3 93.0 -8.6 1.1 -2.3 -0.5 -5.4

Pacific Rim(4)

100.000 95.7 94.0 -6.7 0.4 -1.1 -2.8 -1.8

Nonmanufacturing

11.502 71.8 63.6 -37.8 1.5 -6.3 -21.0 -11.4

Manufacturing

86.721 100.5 100.2 -0.6 0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.3

China

100.000 93.5 91.5 -8.2 -0.2 -1.0 -2.7 -2.1

Nonmanufacturing

9.926 67.9 54.4 -46.5 -0.1 -7.9 -22.3 -19.9

Manufacturing

87.842 99.4 99.3 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Japan

100.000 95.9 92.2 -8.5 0.0 -1.2 -3.4 -3.9

Nonmanufacturing

16.531 74.9 61.4 -42.3 -0.6 -5.9 -18.9 -18.0

Manufacturing

81.387 100.3 99.5 0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.2 -0.8

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: April 2019 to April 2020(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Index Percent change
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
Annual Monthly
Apr.
2019
to
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2019
to
Jan.
2020
Jan.
2020
to
Feb.
2020
Feb.
2020
to
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2020
to
Apr.
2020

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.3 101.4 2.7 0.8 0.3 -0.1 1.1

Canada

106.3 115.3 22.0 1.0 3.2 2.4 8.5

European Union

100.1 98.4 -4.6 0.1 -0.9 -1.8 -1.7

Germany

107.0 105.7 0.4 0.5 -0.5 0.5 -1.2

Latin America(3)

103.3 99.4 -3.5 1.3 -2.3 1.6 -3.8

Mexico

101.1 96.2 -5.5 1.3 -2.2 -0.1 -4.8

Pacific Rim(4)

96.6 94.9 -5.8 0.5 -1.1 -2.7 -1.8

China

95.5 93.4 -7.2 -0.2 -0.8 -2.7 -2.2

Japan

94.6 91.2 -8.3 -0.2 -1.1 -3.4 -3.6

Footnotes
(1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: April 2019 to April 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Mar.
2020(1)
Index Percent change
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
Annual Monthly
Apr.
2019
to
Apr.
2020
Dec.
2019
to
Jan.
2020
Jan.
2020
to
Feb.
2020
Feb.
2020
to
Mar.
2020
Mar.
2020
to
Apr.
2020

Air Freight

Import Air Freight

100.000 180.7 250.2 40.4 -2.3 -1.0 2.5 38.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

26.633 143.6 218.2 46.0 0.6 0.2 -0.6 51.9

Asia

59.410 171.9 242.7 46.1 -4.4 -1.7 4.6 41.2

Export Air Freight

100.000 164.4 160.2 -3.3 2.7 -1.4 -1.0 -2.6

Europe (Dec. 2006=100)

32.017 154.6 150.8 -0.3 3.1 -1.1 -0.5 -2.5

Inbound Air Freight

100.000 164.3 202.9 22.5 -0.9 -0.9 0.9 23.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

28.443 132.4 165.8 21.5 1.3 -0.2 -0.2 25.2

Asia

57.353 151.9 194.1 26.9 -2.6 -1.3 1.6 27.8

Outbound Air Freight

100.000 153.2 157.2 8.9 1.6 27.2 -19.6 2.6

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

31.822 161.4 176.4 14.8 2.3 -0.6 0.1 9.3

Asia

47.995 152.2 151.3 10.0 1.3 59.0 -33.0 -0.6

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares

100.000 155.5 136.3 -16.2 -8.7 0.2 -9.8 -12.3

Europe

45.809 181.5 134.4 -26.3 0.8 0.6 -12.9 -26.0

Asia

20.941 112.3 125.5 0.6 -14.7 -7.2 -7.4 11.8

Latin America/Caribbean

8.817 150.7 144.8 -6.9 -19.2 8.7 -7.4 -3.9

Export Air Passenger Fares

100.000 137.1 126.3 -14.1 7.4 -9.3 -4.2 -7.9

Europe

29.012 171.7 143.5 -24.3 -0.9 -2.0 -4.3 -16.4

Asia

25.473 120.9 112.6 -9.7 14.4 -13.9 -5.0 -6.9

Latin America/Caribbean

27.062 150.7 148.8 -7.1 11.9 -13.0 -2.3 -1.3

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.

Last Modified Date: May 14, 2020