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                   U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - APRIL 2021

U.S. import prices advanced 0.7 percent in April following a 1.4-percent increase in March, the U.S. Bureau 
of Labor Statistics reported today. Higher prices for fuel and nonfuel imports contributed to both the April 
and March advances. Prices for U.S. exports increased 0.8 percent in April, after rising 2.4 percent the 
previous month.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
           Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on April 2021 Import and Export Price Index Data
The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the April 2021 release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 
April 2021 were 2.3-percentage points lower than those in April 2020. Additional information is available at 
www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-april-2021.htm.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports continued to rise in April, advancing 0.7 percent. The April increase 
followed advances of 1.4 percent in March, 1.2 percent in February, and 1.5 percent in January. In April, a 
0.7-percent rise in nonfuel import prices and a 0.5-percent increase in fuel prices both contributed to the 
overall advance. U.S. import prices rose 10.6 percent from April 2020 to April 2021, the largest over-the-
year increase for the index since an 11.1-percent advance for the year ended October 2011. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel rose 0.5 percent in April, after increasing 7.5 percent in March, 11.0 
percent in February, and 9.0 percent in January. In April, increasing petroleum prices more than offset 
decreasing natural gas prices. The price index for import petroleum rose 1.2 percent in April following an 
8.4-percent increase the previous month. Prices for import natural gas declined 12.1 percent in April, after a 
4.8-percent drop in March. The April decrease was the largest decline since the index fell 14.7 percent in 
October 2020. Import fuel prices advanced 126.5 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month increase 
for the index since a 145.1-percent rise for the year ended in February 2000. Prices for petroleum and 
natural gas also advanced for the year ended in April, rising 133.7 percent and 59.6 percent, respectively.    
 
All Imports Excluding Fuel: Import prices excluding fuel increased 0.7 percent in April following a 0.9-
percent advance the previous month. Higher prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; foods, 
feeds, and beverages; capital goods; and automotive vehicles all contributed to the April rise in nonfuel 
import prices. Prices for nonfuel imports advanced 5.0 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-
year increase since the index rose 5.4 percent in September 2011.     

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
advanced 2.4 percent in April, after increasing 4.0 percent in March. The April rise was driven by higher 
prices for building materials, chemicals, and unfinished metals.      

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories advanced in April. Capital goods 
prices increased 0.3 percent, the largest advance since the index rose 0.3 percent in February 2018. Prices 
for automotive vehicles increased 0.2 percent in April following 0.1-percent advances the previous 2 
months. Consumer goods prices recorded no change in April.     

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices rose 2.0 percent in April, after increasing 
2.1 percent the previous month. The April advance was led by higher fruit and meat prices.      

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2020
April	-2.6	-30.9	-0.5	-3.5	-3.3	-3.5
May	0.7	13.9	0.1	0.0	-0.4	0.0
June	1.3	20.6	0.3	1.8	1.6	1.7
July	1.2	15.2	0.2	1.0	1.6	0.9
August	0.9	3.7	0.7	0.5	-2.2	0.9
September	0.2	-4.7	0.5	0.6	2.8	0.3
October	-0.1	-1.0	0.0	0.2	3.5	-0.2
November	0.1	4.4	-0.2	0.8	3.5	0.5
December	1.0	7.3	0.4	1.2	1.0	1.3
2021
January	(r)1.5	(r)9.0	0.9	(r)2.7	6.0	2.3
February	(r)1.2	(r)11.0	(r)0.4	1.6	(r)2.7	1.5
March	(r)1.4	(r)7.5	(r)0.9	(r)2.4	2.4	(r)2.4
April	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.9
Apr. 2019 to 2020	-6.8	-56.6	-1.0	-7.0	-4.3	-7.2
Apr. 2020 to 2021	10.6	126.5	5.0	14.4	25.2	13.1
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices rose 0.8 percent in April, after increasing 2.4 percent in March, 1.6 percent in February, 
and 2.7 percent in January. The price index for U.S. exports has not recorded a monthly decline since a 3.5-
percent drop in April 2020. A 0.9-percent advance in nonagricultural prices and a 0.6-percent rise in 
agricultural prices both contributed to the April increase in U.S. export prices. Prices for U.S. exports rose 
14.4 percent for the year ended in April, the largest 12-month increase since the index was first published in 
September 1983. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports advanced 0.6 percent in April following 
rises of 2.4 percent in March, 2.7 percent in February, and 6.0 percent in January. In April, higher prices for 
other animal feeds, meat, dairy products, and vegetables more than offset lower prices for wheat, nuts, fruit, 
and cotton. Agricultural export prices increased 25.2 percent for the year ended in April, the largest 12-
month advance since the index rose 26.4 percent in July 2011. Higher prices for soybeans, corn, cotton, 
fruit, vegetables, and meat primarily drove the increase in agricultural exports over the past 12 months.                

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 0.9 percent in April, after 
increases of 2.4 percent, 1.5 percent, and 2.3 percent the previous 3 months. The rise in April was led by 
higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials, capital goods, and automotive vehicles 
which more than offset lower prices for consumer goods. Nonagricultural prices advanced 13.1 percent from 
April 2020 to April 2021, the largest over-the-year increase since the index was first published in March 
1985.           

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
rose 1.8 percent in April following a 6.0-percent advance the previous month. The April increase was driven 
by a 6.9-percent rise in chemical prices which more than offset a 1.9-percent drop in fuel prices.  

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods categories were mostly up in April. Capital goods 
prices advanced 0.3 percent in April, after increasing 0.2 percent in March. The April rise was led by higher 
prices for industrial and service machinery and computers, peripherals, and semiconductors. The price index 
for automotive vehicles advanced 0.2 percent in April following a 0.1-percent increase the previous month. 
In contrast, consumer goods prices edged down 0.1 percent in April.   

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China rose 0.4 percent in April, after advancing 1.5 
percent from November to March. Prices for imports from China increased 2.1 percent for the year ended in 
April, the largest 12-month advance since a 2.6-percent rise in March 2012. The price index for imports 
from Japan advanced 0.4 percent in April following a 0.3-percent increase the previous month. The April 
rise was the largest 1-month advance since the index rose 0.5 percent in January 2018. Import prices from 
Japan increased 1.7 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year advance since a 1.9-percent 
rise in January 2012. Prices for imports from Canada increased 1.1 percent in April and import prices from 
Mexico advanced 0.7 percent. The April rises followed advances in March of 4.4 percent for import prices 
from Canada and 0.9 percent for import prices from Mexico. The price index for imports from the European 
Union also rose in April, ticking up 0.1 percent. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China advanced 0.6 percent in April, after 
increasing 3.8 percent in March. Export prices to China advanced 16.0 percent from April 2020 to April 
2021, the largest 12-month increase since the index was first published in December 2017. The price index 
for exports to Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in April following increases of 1.3 percent in March, 1.6 percent 
in February, and 2.2 percent in January. Prices for exports to Japan rose 15.2 percent over the past 12 
months, the largest over-the-year advance since the index was first published in December 2017. Export 
prices to Canada and Mexico also increased in April, rising 1.3 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively. The 
price index for exports to the European Union advanced 0.2 percent in April, after increasing 1.1 percent the 
previous month. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China rose 0.2 
percent in April following a 3.4-percent advance the previous month. In April, increasing export prices to 
China more than offset rising import prices from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China 
advanced 13.6 percent from April 2020 to April 2021, the largest 12-month increase since the index was 
first published in December 2017. In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Japan declined 0.4 percent in April, 
the first monthly decrease since the index fell 3.4 percent in April 2020. The index for U.S. terms of trade 
with Canada rose 0.2 percent in April, after falling 2.8 percent in March. In April, U.S. terms of trade 
advanced 1.8 percent with Mexico and 0.1 percent with the European Union. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares advanced 0.9 percent in April, after decreasing 3.6 
percent in March. In April, higher European and Latin American/Caribbean fares more than offset falling 
Asian fares. Import air passenger fares rose 8.0 percent over the past year, the first 12-month increase since 
the index advanced 1.2 percent in January 2019. Import air freight prices increased 8.3 percent in April 
following a 1.9-percent drop in March. The April advance was the largest rise since a 9.8-percent increase in 
November 2020, and import air freight prices rose 28.0 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares rose 0.2 percent in April, after declining 1.5 percent in March and 4.7 
percent in February. The index for export air passenger fares increased 26.9 percent over the past 12 
months, the largest over-the-year advance since a 30.5-percent rise in July 2010. Prices for export air freight 
fell 2.8 percent in April. Despite the decrease, export air freight prices increased 0.6 percent over the past 
year.     
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for May are scheduled for release on Wednesday, June 16, 2021 at 
8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2020 to April 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Mar. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2020 to Apr. 2021	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021
All commodities		100.000	129.8	130.7	10.6	1.5	1.2	1.4	0.7
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		84.828	102.9	103.5	4.9	0.8	0.4	0.8	0.6
All imports excluding petroleum		91.842	116.6	117.4	5.3	0.9	0.5	0.8	0.7
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		91.215	120.6	121.4	5.0	0.9	0.4	0.9	0.7
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.388	185.6	189.3	7.5	1.8	1.3	2.1	2.0
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.995	202.2	205.8	8.1	1.8	1.6	2.3	1.8
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.393	148.2	152.3	5.0	1.7	0.3	1.5	2.8
Industrial supplies & materials	1	23.993	212.1	215.8	50.7	5.8	4.7	5.2	1.7
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		16.047	185.2	188.7	26.0	4.0	2.0	3.6	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		15.286	208.5	213.6	25.5	4.3	1.5	4.0	2.4
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.122	212.7	218.0	33.1	5.7	1.3	4.6	2.5
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.713	150.8	152.3	15.2	1.3	3.3	1.8	1.0
Fuels & lubricants	10	8.785	220.5	221.5	126.5	9.0	11.0	7.5	0.5
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	8.158	236.3	239.1	133.7	9.9	10.8	8.4	1.2
Crude	10000	5.499	252.0	249.9	188.2	10.5	12.1	9.4	-0.8
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.536	151.1	136.0	51.3	-1.2	16.1	-4.5	-10.0
Gas-natural	10110	0.458	142.3	125.1	59.6	-1.9	18.0	-4.8	-12.1
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.478	113.5	114.5	6.8	-0.8	1.3	3.0	0.9
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.608	166.7	171.0	13.3	2.0	1.9	2.7	2.6
Selected building materials	13	2.101	212.7	225.1	59.1	12.9	0.6	6.4	5.8
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.365	330.5	336.6	47.6	6.8	1.6	6.7	1.8
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.929	175.2	178.9	15.1	1.7	2.5	2.6	2.1
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.728	114.4	114.8	2.3	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.3
Capital goods	2	27.689	88.8	89.1	1.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3
Electric generating equipment	20	3.399	121.5	122.4	0.7	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.7
Nonelectrical machinery	21	21.714	80.6	80.8	1.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.576	137.8	138.1	2.1	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.590	111.6	111.8	0.9	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.341	107.2	107.2	0.8	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.404	124.3	124.2	0.2	-0.5	0.2	0.2	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	11.880	91.2	91.4	0.9	0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.058	118.6	118.8	-	0.3	0.0	0.9	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2020 to April 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Mar. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2020 to Apr. 2021	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021
All commodities		100.000	134.1	135.2	14.4	2.7	1.6	2.4	0.8
Agricultural commodities		10.253	212.2	213.4	25.2	6.0	2.7	2.4	0.6
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		77.467	106.9	108.2	7.0	1.5	0.5	1.5	1.2
Nonagricultural commodities		89.747	128.2	129.3	13.1	2.3	1.5	2.4	0.9
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.431	216.3	217.8	24.7	5.7	2.6	2.8	0.7
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.948	216.4	217.7	26.1	6.0	2.6	2.7	0.6
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.483	218.5	222.6	4.2	0.9	1.4	4.5	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials	1	36.099	174.1	177.1	39.2	6.1	3.7	5.8	1.7
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.992	199.6	202.5	20.9	7.0	-1.0	1.9	1.5
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		25.107	162.7	165.6	49.7	5.7	6.0	7.5	1.8
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.278	193.5	193.7	20.3	6.3	3.8	0.3	0.1
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		34.821	173.5	176.6	40.0	6.1	3.7	6.0	1.8
Fuels & lubricants	11	13.102	184.6	181.1	85.4	8.8	9.1	7.7	-1.9
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.774	185.2	192.5	24.6	4.7	0.8	5.0	3.9
Selected building materials	13	0.945	144.7	149.7	27.4	4.3	1.7	3.1	3.5
Capital goods	2	33.381	112.3	112.6	1.0	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.429	120.2	120.6	0.6	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.3
Nonelectrical machinery	21	21.845	95.1	95.5	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.4
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	8.107	189.6	189.6	2.8	1.0	0.9	0.1	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	9.401	115.0	115.2	0.8	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	11.688	110.7	110.6	1.0	-0.5	0.2	0.6	-0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.909	109.0	108.7	1.2	-1.0	0.3	0.8	-0.3
Durables, manufactured	41	4.582	108.0	108.2	0.5	-0.1	0.0	0.3	0.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.196	95.5	95.7	-	0.0	0.0	1.1	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2020 to April 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Mar. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2020 to Apr. 2021	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		8.119	120.7	119.8	103.7	7.5	9.7	6.6	-0.7
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.974	185.8	189.9	12.4	3.0	1.3	3.9	2.2
Crop production	111	1.599	196.4	201.2	11.9	3.0	1.8	3.6	2.4
Mining	21	6.145	115.4	113.5	162.7	9.2	12.8	7.5	-1.6
Oil and gas extraction	211	5.880	114.9	112.9	176.7	9.5	13.0	8.0	-1.7
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2020=100)	212	0.265	112.1	112.3	-	3.1	9.7	-0.9	0.2
Manufacturing		91.495	114.7	115.6	5.9	1.0	0.6	0.9	0.8
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.326	128.0	128.9	3.0	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.7
Food manufacturing	311	3.641	161.5	165.0	8.3	1.3	0.9	1.4	2.2
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.197	131.8	132.1	2.2	0.1	1.9	0.5	0.2
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.348	102.6	103.2	4.9	0.0	0.7	0.6	0.6
Textile product mills	314	0.930	107.2	107.6	0.7	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.639	113.1	113.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	-0.1
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.571	123.9	123.9	-0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	19.203	131.7	134.4	15.2	2.4	1.6	2.3	2.1
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.444	192.7	208.6	113.9	21.6	0.7	9.7	8.3
Paper manufacturing	322	0.937	109.4	110.2	4.4	-0.5	0.6	1.9	0.7
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.419	93.6	99.2	61.3	8.1	7.1	6.8	6.0
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.786	142.6	144.3	5.9	0.4	1.1	1.4	1.2
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.435	123.7	123.4	4.0	0.2	0.6	-0.1	-0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.996	131.9	132.2	0.7	0.5	-0.2	0.4	0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	60.966	106.8	107.2	3.8	0.8	0.2	0.6	0.4
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.842	212.7	217.0	42.6	5.7	1.7	6.0	2.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.228	132.0	133.3	5.6	0.9	1.4	1.2	1.0
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.716	120.9	121.4	1.8	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.113	71.9	72.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.149	117.8	118.3	0.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.3	0.4
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.890	111.0	111.2	1.3	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.729	116.5	116.8	1.3	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.300	120.3	119.8	2.1	0.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2020 to April 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Mar. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2020 to Apr. 2021	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		12.807	150.9	148.3	59.3	9.3	6.7	3.6	-1.7
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.459	191.2	189.9	34.6	10.0	3.8	2.4	-0.7
Crop production	111	5.216	201.3	199.7	35.6	10.6	3.6	2.1	-0.8
Mining	21	7.348	86.3	84.0	93.5	8.8	9.0	4.6	-2.7
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.054	100.2	102.8	9.0	4.0	1.3	2.7	2.6
Manufacturing		85.262	121.7	123.1	9.2	1.5	1.0	2.0	1.2
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.680	151.5	154.0	11.8	1.4	1.3	2.2	1.7
Food manufacturing	311	4.694	173.0	176.6	14.5	1.5	1.7	3.0	2.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.620	138.9	140.2	14.2	3.4	0.7	0.7	0.9
Manufacturing, part 2	32	24.713	121.8	124.9	25.5	2.5	3.1	6.2	2.5
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.509	120.3	126.6	31.6	4.9	2.2	4.7	5.2
Paper manufacturing	322	1.429	124.1	130.0	9.9	1.9	1.7	1.2	4.8
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	5.820	111.5	110.4	80.1	9.7	9.2	11.9	-1.0
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.935	130.0	135.2	18.7	0.4	1.7	5.9	4.0
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.081	116.9	118.3	0.8	0.1	0.1	0.4	1.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.764	123.1	123.8	5.0	1.2	0.2	0.0	0.6
Manufacturing, part 3	33	53.869	118.6	119.1	2.7	1.0	0.1	0.3	0.4
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.202	193.8	197.7	24.7	8.0	-1.6	1.5	2.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.819	154.4	155.1	3.7	2.1	0.5	0.2	0.5
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.752	131.3	132.2	1.3	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.7
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.795	81.6	81.8	-0.8	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.2
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.501	118.7	119.1	1.1	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.483	131.8	132.0	1.7	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.372	130.2	130.1	4.2	2.2	0.0	0.3	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.945	120.4	120.6	2.0	0.0	0.1	0.5	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2020 to April 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Mar. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2020 to Apr. 2021	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	1.394	205.1	211.9	11.9	2.4	0.4	3.1	3.3
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.403	301.4	316.0	25.8	1.3	4.1	4.4	4.8
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.712	139.6	144.5	5.9	3.1	-2.3	3.7	3.5
Vegetable products	II	1.994	217.9	222.9	11.4	3.0	1.8	3.5	2.3
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.341	388.1	399.9	-7.1	3.8	-1.6	-8.9	3.0
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.785	122.6	127.9	17.8	5.5	5.5	12.2	4.3
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.371	230.8	224.9	6.2	-0.2	0.9	2.9	-2.6
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.343	116.7	124.1	46.5	2.8	1.4	7.2	6.3
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.045	172.5	173.5	2.5	0.4	1.1	0.3	0.6
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.209	99.7	98.0	-2.6	-1.4	0.6	-0.1	-1.7
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.349	173.4	174.1	2.0	-0.1	2.7	0.0	0.4
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.160	144.2	144.7	3.4	0.3	1.8	0.5	0.3
Mineral products	V	8.904	222.9	223.8	118.6	8.8	11.2	7.1	0.4
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.554	218.8	219.8	126.8	9.1	11.3	7.4	0.5
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.146	160.9	162.9	5.4	0.0	1.0	1.6	1.2
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.584	342.9	371.9	34.9	2.6	6.3	12.8	8.5
Organic chemicals	29	2.270	131.5	134.7	10.5	0.8	0.2	2.7	2.4
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.196	153.3	153.4	-0.7	-1.3	0.3	0.2	0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2020=100)	31	0.318	122.6	127.8	-	4.4	6.0	10.7	4.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.606	107.9	107.9	7.7	2.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.774	150.8	150.8	9.7	0.8	0.5	0.2	0.0
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.488	151.7	152.5	9.5	1.2	1.5	0.5	0.5
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.285	151.5	150.0	10.3	0.3	-1.5	-0.4	-1.0
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.530	131.8	131.8	-0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.482	278.9	303.1	113.6	20.2	1.0	9.8	8.7
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.438	195.5	213.0	118.0	20.6	1.0	10.1	9.0
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.957	114.2	114.5	3.4	0.3	0.4	1.7	0.3
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.636	105.5	106.2	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.8	0.7
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.724	114.8	114.9	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.911	105.1	105.1	-0.1	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.582	122.4	122.2	0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.640	100.3	100.3	-0.7	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.350	123.7	123.7	-0.6	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.130	122.0	122.0	-0.7	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.885	131.1	131.6	-0.4	0.2	-0.8	-0.1	0.4
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.317	98.0	99.0	-	0.2	-1.9	-0.3	1.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.118	243.9	246.6	26.5	4.6	-0.3	3.5	1.1
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.824	196.9	199.3	22.0	3.4	2.4	3.3	1.2
Iron and steel	72	1.112	248.2	248.9	28.1	9.2	2.9	4.0	0.3
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.678	156.7	159.9	9.5	1.1	2.1	2.5	2.0
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.545	386.9	386.5	64.0	2.8	4.1	7.7	-0.1
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.063	157.6	163.3	35.6	3.3	0.1	3.3	3.6
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.426	123.4	123.6	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.525	137.3	138.3	3.1	1.5	0.4	0.7	0.7
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.246	79.4	79.6	0.8	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.081	85.3	85.6	1.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.4
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.165	73.8	74.0	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.912	115.5	115.8	1.0	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.706	114.7	115.0	1.1	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.3
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	1.109	100.7	100.8	-	-0.1	0.4	0.4	0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.161	102.6	102.2	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.4
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.884	98.7	98.2	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.5
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.114	111.5	111.6	0.5	0.3	0.0	0.4	0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.541	118.0	117.9	0.9	0.5	0.1	0.4	-0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.308	100.8	101.0	-0.7	-0.1	-0.2	0.3	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.265	127.8	128.4	0.9	0.6	0.0	0.2	0.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2020 to April 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Mar. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2020 to Apr. 2021	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	1.992	234.6	240.9	17.9	1.0	1.9	6.2	2.7
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.286	192.2	196.6	25.9	3.0	1.1	9.0	2.3
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.300	116.9	120.7	2.6	1.2	0.9	5.1	3.3
Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2020=100)	04	0.337	98.7	103.0	-	-5.5	6.0	-1.5	4.4
Vegetable products	II	5.002	250.9	248.9	35.0	9.8	3.4	2.1	-0.8
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.982	146.4	142.4	11.4	4.6	3.2	4.7	-2.7
Cereals	10	1.393	257.8	254.7	37.2	11.5	6.2	-0.3	-1.2
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.202	281.3	280.0	50.1	11.8	2.0	2.7	-0.5
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.947	165.7	168.7	13.1	2.4	0.8	0.9	1.8
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.590	100.9	101.0	1.8	0.3	-0.2	0.1	0.1
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.497	110.0	110.6	17.5	0.3	0.4	0.0	0.5
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.827	284.2	297.6	38.2	8.3	3.0	3.2	4.7
Mineral products	V	13.102	223.7	219.7	85.9	9.0	8.9	7.6	-1.8
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.536	116.7	122.5	43.1	5.4	1.2	3.1	5.0
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	12.407	213.6	209.0	91.2	9.4	9.4	7.9	-2.2
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.036	145.0	147.8	9.3	-0.4	0.9	2.5	1.9
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.654	139.4	139.8	1.5	1.5	0.9	0.7	0.3
Organic chemicals	29	2.785	168.2	177.8	32.3	0.2	3.1	5.4	5.7
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.331	110.1	109.4	2.9	-1.1	0.3	1.5	-0.6
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.833	130.0	131.4	2.7	1.1	0.1	0.1	1.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.428	125.7	125.7	0.1	-0.2	0.6	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.927	161.4	166.7	6.2	-0.7	0.1	3.9	3.3
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.516	165.0	175.3	25.9	2.1	3.0	7.9	6.2
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.709	166.2	178.2	31.0	2.4	3.5	9.3	7.2
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.807	152.9	153.9	1.8	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.7
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.607	117.1	122.4	28.8	4.5	2.1	3.8	4.5
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.777	130.1	136.4	12.9	2.7	0.2	1.7	4.8
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.615	139.3	153.8	37.9	4.4	3.3	5.0	10.4
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.917	125.9	128.8	4.5	2.0	0.5	0.1	2.3
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.659	126.0	125.2	8.4	2.1	2.0	1.0	-0.6
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.560	138.1	134.9	32.0	7.5	5.8	2.9	-2.3
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.768	135.0	135.2	7.0	1.8	0.0	0.2	0.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.418	99.4	99.6	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.3	0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.489	310.2	315.0	16.5	4.6	-1.5	0.3	1.5
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.970	189.5	189.7	26.2	10.0	-0.7	3.7	0.1
Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)	72	1.193	136.9	134.6	-	33.1	-3.7	6.8	-1.7
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.629	251.7	252.4	65.7	5.2	-1.2	11.2	0.3
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.866	133.5	135.2	43.4	8.4	0.0	3.6	1.3
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	26.542	98.4	98.8	0.7	0.5	0.3	0.1	0.4
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.881	117.0	117.7	1.3	1.0	0.4	0.2	0.6
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.661	78.4	78.4	-0.4	-0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	12.042	139.4	139.7	1.3	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.2
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	7.799	117.3	117.7	1.0	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.736	110.3	110.3	0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.229	116.6	116.8	2.4	1.7	0.7	0.2	0.2
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.692	137.7	137.7	3.7	2.5	0.1	0.3	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.388	89.0	89.6	0.6	0.8	1.3	0.0	0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: April 2020 to April 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Mar. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Apr. 2020 to Apr. 2021	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	135.3	136.0	16.9	2.3	1.6	2.0	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	9.491	203.3	200.0	189.9	6.2	11.5	8.0	-1.6
Manufacturing	89.655	129.0	130.1	8.7	1.7	0.8	1.4	0.9
Canada	100.000	157.7	159.4	50.0	5.4	3.8	4.4	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	25.971	200.3	196.8	214.9	6.4	12.0	8.2	-1.7
Manufacturing	72.706	149.0	152.2	22.5	4.6	1.5	3.0	2.1
European Union	100.000	143.6	143.7	5.6	0.8	0.8	1.1	0.1
Manufacturing	98.780	139.3	139.6	5.5	0.7	0.6	1.0	0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	132.4	132.3	4.7	-0.2	1.6	0.4	-0.1
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	118.2	117.6	3.6	1.0	0.5	1.2	-0.5
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	130.3	130.0	9.9	1.5	1.4	2.4	-0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	150.9	151.8	10.9	1.2	1.2	1.3	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	13.441	264.0	265.7	70.0	5.6	6.9	6.1	0.6
Manufacturing	86.284	123.7	124.4	4.8	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.6
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	130.3	131.2	5.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.7
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.182	146.3	152.4	72.8	5.5	10.1	10.8	4.2
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.572	89.4	89.7	2.3	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.3
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	99.4	99.7	2.2	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	99.8	100.2	2.1	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
Japan	100.000	97.9	98.3	1.7	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.4
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	100.5	101.4	3.9	0.4	0.6	1.0	0.9
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	89.0	89.5	5.2	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.6
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	99.1	99.0	1.5	0.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	182.2	182.9	40.7	7.0	3.0	4.6	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: April 2020 to April 2021 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Mar. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Apr. 2020 to Apr. 2021	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	107.8	108.4	10.3	1.3	0.8	1.1	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	11.478	116.5	115.2	66.2	8.3	6.7	2.6	-1.1
Manufacturing	86.880	106.6	107.6	5.6	0.5	0.1	0.9	0.9
Canada	100.000	110.8	112.2	14.1	2.1	1.5	1.4	1.3
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	9.376	120.8	120.2	-	10.7	8.0	1.0	-0.5
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	89.283	103.7	105.3	-	1.3	0.9	1.5	1.5
European Union	100.000	108.9	109.1	9.1	1.5	1.5	1.1	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	13.110	114.1	112.4	74.0	10.7	8.5	5.2	-1.5
Manufacturing	85.406	107.2	107.7	3.6	0.3	0.6	0.5	0.5
Germany	100.000	108.7	108.3	4.0	0.9	0.0	0.2	-0.4
Latin America(3)	100.000	110.2	111.4	21.2	4.2	2.6	4.5	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	9.661	141.2	136.8	51.8	12.0	6.5	1.6	-3.1
Manufacturing	89.939	107.7	109.4	18.9	3.3	2.2	4.8	1.6
Mexico	100.000	108.8	111.5	20.0	3.2	2.4	3.6	2.5
Nonmanufacturing	8.031	128.9	127.0	43.8	8.1	6.3	-2.9	-1.5
Manufacturing	91.602	107.5	110.6	18.8	2.9	2.1	4.3	2.9
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	106.7	107.0	12.2	2.0	1.1	2.4	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	16.896	110.0	110.1	54.4	9.6	5.5	3.0	0.1
Manufacturing	80.254	105.2	105.4	5.0	0.2	0.2	2.1	0.2
China	100.000	105.9	106.5	16.0	0.3	1.0	3.8	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	15.179	110.1	109.9	102.0	12.7	4.0	4.0	-0.2
Manufacturing	82.863	106.5	107.2	7.5	-1.7	0.6	3.7	0.7
Japan	100.000	107.3	107.4	15.2	2.2	1.6	1.3	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	22.472	116.7	115.6	86.2	10.7	8.1	2.9	-0.9
Manufacturing	75.080	102.5	102.7	2.2	0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: April 2020 to April 2021(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	Annual	Monthly
			Apr. 2020 to Apr. 2021	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	97.5	97.6	-5.7	-0.9	-0.8	-0.9	0.1
Canada	92.3	92.5	-23.9	-3.1	-2.3	-2.8	0.2
European Union	102.1	102.2	3.3	0.8	0.7	0.1	0.1
Germany	105.8	106.0	0.4	-0.1	-0.6	-1.0	0.2
Latin America(3)	108.7	109.3	9.3	3.0	1.3	3.0	0.6
Mexico	107.7	109.6	13.3	2.4	1.6	2.8	1.8
Pacific Rim(4)	105.6	105.6	9.8	1.6	0.8	1.9	0.0
China	106.2	106.4	13.6	-0.1	0.7	3.4	0.2
Japan	104.7	104.3	13.4	1.9	1.5	1.1	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: April 2020 to April 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Mar. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Apr. 2020 to Apr. 2021	Dec. 2020 to Jan. 2021	Jan. 2021 to Feb. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	298.7	323.6	28.0	-5.8	0.7	-1.9	8.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.408	246.4	248.8	14.0	2.4	0.0	-0.6	1.0
Asia	67.028	307.2	330.8	34.1	-9.2	1.1	-2.6	7.7
Export Air Freight	100.000	169.0	164.3	0.6	1.4	-0.7	1.2	-2.8
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	32.579	153.0	140.8	-7.2	-4.5	8.2	0.3	-8.0
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	39.955	117.8	117.1	1.4	0.2	-4.6	3.0	-0.6
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	232.6	245.9	18.5	-1.4	-1.9	-1.3	5.7
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	24.139	173.0	173.8	4.8	5.4	-2.4	-0.4	0.5
Asia	65.998	239.3	251.5	24.8	-3.8	-1.9	-1.8	5.1
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	163.6	161.1	2.4	-0.1	7.6	0.6	-1.5
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	30.738	172.4	162.0	-8.1	-3.9	7.0	0.2	-6.0
Asia	49.977	164.4	163.6	8.0	0.0	12.4	1.1	-0.5
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	145.9	147.2	8.0	-5.6	1.9	-3.6	0.9
Europe	40.076	143.6	146.4	8.9	-4.4	6.5	2.2	1.9
Asia	31.987	165.2	160.4	27.8	-5.4	-4.2	-9.1	-2.9
Latin America/Caribbean	6.063	98.8	111.1	-23.3	-17.4	-0.2	-0.7	12.4
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	160.0	160.3	26.9	11.2	-4.7	-1.5	0.2
Europe	28.215	188.1	183.8	28.1	3.7	5.3	-4.6	-2.3
Asia	32.176	186.6	170.8	51.7	23.4	-6.9	-1.2	-8.5
Latin America/Caribbean	19.490	127.4	145.1	-2.5	11.0	-17.3	-1.0	13.9
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
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