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                          U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - MAY 2020

Prices for U.S. imports increased 1.0 percent in May, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
after declining 2.6 percent in April and 2.4 percent in March. The May advance was led by higher fuel 
prices. The price index for U.S. exports rose 0.5 percent in May following a 3.3-percent drop the previous 
month.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

         Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on May 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make any changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the May release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for May 
were 4.5 percentage points lower than those in May 2019. A small number of indexes that are normally 
published were not published in May. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/import-
export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-may-2020.htm.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports rose 1.0 percent in May, the largest 1-month advance since the index increased 1.0 
percent in February 2019. In May, the advance was driven by higher fuel prices; nonfuel prices also 
increased. Despite the May increase, the price index for U.S. imports decreased 6.0 percent from May 2019 
to May 2020. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import prices for fuel increased 20.5 percent in May following declines of 31.0 percent, 26.6 
percent, and 9.1 percent the previous 3 months. The May advance was the largest rise since the index was 
first published monthly in September 1992. A 21.7-percent increase in petroleum prices led the overall 
advance in fuel prices; a 7.2-percent rise in natural gas prices also contributed to the increase. Prices for 
petroleum and natural gas both decreased the previous month, falling 32.6 percent and 3.1 percent, 
respectively. Despite the record advance in May, import fuel prices declined 49.6 percent over the past 12 
months. Prices for petroleum also fell for the year ended in May, declining 51.5 percent. In contrast, natural 
gas prices advanced 15.8 percent over the same period.     

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Import prices excluding fuel ticked up 0.1 percent in May following a 0.5-
percent drop the previous month. In May, rising prices for foods, feeds, and beverages and consumer goods 
more than offset declining prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials and automotive vehicles. The 
price index for imports excluding fuels decreased 0.7 percent over the past 12 months.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 0.8 percent 
in May, after decreasing 3.3 percent in April. The May decline was led by 1.6-percent drops in unfinished 
metals prices and chemicals prices. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in May. Consumer goods prices ticked up 0.1 percent, 
after edging down 0.1 percent in April. Prices for automotive vehicles fell 0.1 percent following a 0.4-
percent advance in April. The price index for capital goods was unchanged in May, after rising 0.2 percent 
the previous month. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages rose 2.2 percent in May following a 
1.6-percent decline in April. The May rise was driven by higher prices for vegetables, meat, and fruit.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2019
May	0.2	3.6	-0.3	-0.3	-1.1	-0.2
June	-1.1	-7.8	-0.3	-0.6	2.4	-0.9
July	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2
August	-0.6	-4.2	-0.1	-0.6	-2.4	-0.3
September	0.1	1.0	-0.1	-0.3	-1.6	-0.2
October	-0.4	-1.6	-0.3	0.0	1.7	-0.2
November	0.2	2.2	-0.1	0.1	2.4	-0.1
December	0.2	1.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
2020
January	0.2	-0.1	0.3	0.6	2.0	0.6
February	-0.7	-9.1	0.2	-1.2	(r)-2.9	-1.1
March	-2.4	(r)-26.6	0.0	(r)-1.4	-1.5	(r)-1.4
April	-2.6	(r)-31.0	-0.5	-3.3	-3.1	-3.3
May	1.0	20.5	0.1	0.5	-0.5	0.6
May 2018 to 2019	-0.9	3.9	-1.4	-0.9	-5.3	-0.3
May 2019 to 2020	-6.0	-49.6	-0.7	-6.0	-3.5	-6.3
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices increased 0.5 percent in May, after falling 3.3 percent in April, 1.4 percent in March, and 
1.2 percent in February. Higher nonagricultural prices in May more than offset lower prices for agricultural 
exports. Despite the May advance, the price index for U.S. exports declined 6.0 percent over the past 12 
months. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports declined 0.5 percent in May following a 3.1-
percent drop in April. In May, lower prices for corn, dairy products, and soybeans more than offset higher 
prices for meat, vegetables, and cotton. Agricultural export prices fell 3.5 percent over the past year driven 
by lower prices for corn, vegetables, cotton, nuts, and dairy products.  

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports rose 0.6 percent in May, 
after declining 5.7 percent from January to April. In May, rising prices for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials more than offset declining prices for capital goods, consumer goods, automotive 
vehicles, and nonagricultural foods. Despite the May increase, nonagricultural export prices decreased 6.3 
percent over the past year, led by lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials.       

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
advanced 2.3 percent in May, after a 9.9-percent decrease the previous month. The May increase was driven 
by a 9.2-percent rise in export fuel prices which followed a 27.7-percent decline in April.    

Finished Goods: Each of the major finished goods indexes decreased in May. Capital goods prices declined 
0.2 percent, the largest decrease since the index fell 0.2 percent in October 2019. Prices for consumer goods 
decreased 0.2 percent in May following declines of 0.3 percent in April and 0.6 percent in March. The 
largest contributor to the May drop was a 0.3-percent decline in the price index for medicinal, dental, and 
pharmaceutical materials. Automotive vehicles prices edged down 0.1 percent for the second consecutive 
month in May.


Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China were unchanged in May following a 0.1-percent 
advance in April. The price index for imports from China declined 1.0 percent from May 2019 to May 2020, 
the smallest 12-month drop since the index fell 1.0 percent for the year ended March 2019. Prices for 
imports from Japan declined 0.3 percent in May, the largest monthly decrease since a 0.3-percent drop in 
October 2017. Import prices from Japan fell 0.4 percent for the year ended in May, the largest 12-month 
decline since the index decreased 1.1 percent from December 2016 to December 2017. The price indexes for 
imports from Canada and Mexico each increased in May, rising 3.6 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively. In 
contrast, prices for imports from the European Union edged down 0.1 percent for the second consecutive 
month. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China increased 2.7 percent in May following 
consecutive 2.1-percent declines in April and March. The May advance was the largest 1-month rise since 
the index was first published in December 2017. Despite the May increase, the price index for exports to 
China fell 3.7 percent over the past 12 months. Export prices to Japan rose 1.7 percent in May, after 
decreasing 7.8 percent from January to April. Prices for exports to Japan declined 5.7 percent for the year 
ended in May. The price indexes for exports to Canada, Mexico, and the European Union all increased in 
May following declines in each of the previous 3 months. In May, export prices to Canada advanced 0.7 
percent, prices for exports to Mexico rose 1.5 percent, and export prices to the European Union increased 
0.6 percent. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 
increased 2.7 percent in May following declines of 2.2 percent in April and 2.1 percent in March. The index 
for U.S. terms of trade with Japan advanced 2.1 percent in May, after a 3.9-percent drop the previous month. 
The U.S. terms of trade with Japan advanced in May because of higher export prices to Japan and lower 
import prices from Japan. The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico also 
rose in May, increasing 0.6 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. In contrast, the U.S. terms of trade with 
Canada declined 2.8 percent in May, after increasing 7.6 percent in April. The May decrease was the largest 
monthly drop since the index fell 6.6 percent in February 2019. (See table 9.)


Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares edged down 0.1 percent in May following a 12.3-percent decrease in 
April and a 9.8-percent drop in March. In May, falling Latin American/Caribbean and Asian fares more than 
offset higher European fares. The index for import air passenger fares decreased 21.7 percent for the year 
ended in May, the largest over-the-year drop since the index was first published in March 1988. Import air 
freight prices rose 27.5 percent in May, after advancing 39.9 percent in April. Those are the two largest 
increases since the index was first published monthly in December 2005. Prices for import air freight rose 
80.1 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares declined 0.5 percent in May, after decreasing 20.0 percent 
over the previous 3 months. The May drop was led by lower European and Latin American/Caribbean fares. 
In contrast, Asian fares rose 10.4 percent in May. Export air passenger fares fell 15.2 percent over the past 
year, the largest 12-month drop since the index fell 15.6 percent for the year ended October 2015. Export air 
freight prices increased 0.7 percent in May following a 2.4-percent drop the previous month. Prices for 
export air freight declined 1.0 percent from May 2019 to May 2020. 

Import and Export Price Index data for June are scheduled for release on Wednesday, July 15, 2020 at 
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2019 to May 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Apr. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2020	May 2020	Annual	Monthly
					May 2019 to May 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020
All commodities		100.000	118.2	119.4	-6.0	-0.7	-2.4	-2.6	1.0
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		88.814	98.7	98.6	-0.7	0.1	0.1	-0.5	-0.1
All imports excluding petroleum		95.557	111.6	111.7	-0.6	0.2	-0.2	-0.4	0.1
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		95.208	115.6	115.7	-0.7	0.2	0.0	-0.5	0.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.394	176.1	180.0	-1.4	1.2	-1.0	-1.6	2.2
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.923	190.2	196.8	-1.9	1.1	-1.0	-1.7	3.5
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.471	145.3	142.4	0.6	1.5	-0.9	-1.0	-2.0
Industrial supplies & materials	1	18.932	143.1	149.7	-23.9	-3.3	-10.3	-12.3	4.6
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.699	149.9	149.0	-2.9	0.3	-0.3	-3.2	-0.6
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		14.157	170.3	168.9	-3.5	0.9	0.2	-3.3	-0.8
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.901	164.0	162.9	-1.6	1.6	0.6	-4.2	-0.7
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.589	132.3	131.6	-5.3	-1.6	-1.8	-1.8	-0.5
Fuels & lubricants	10	4.792	97.6	117.6	-49.6	-9.1	-26.6	-31.0	20.5
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	4.443	101.8	123.9	-51.5	-9.0	-27.2	-32.6	21.7
Crude	10000	2.523	86.3	113.7	-57.8	-10.9	-34.1	-36.9	31.7
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.349	91.0	96.4	8.0	-12.3	-13.5	-2.6	5.9
Gas-natural	10110	0.287	79.2	84.9	15.8	-14.0	-15.8	-3.1	7.2
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.519	107.1	107.6	-10.6	-0.7	-0.5	-1.7	0.5
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.720	150.8	148.9	-6.4	-0.3	-0.4	-1.8	-1.3
Selected building materials	13	1.568	141.5	141.7	0.6	1.7	1.9	-4.6	0.1
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.586	228.5	224.8	-3.0	3.5	1.1	-7.9	-1.6
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.862	155.5	155.6	-1.4	-0.7	-0.6	-0.1	0.1
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.885	112.3	112.0	-0.8	-0.2	-0.4	-0.2	-0.3
Capital goods	2	30.120	88.0	88.0	-0.6	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.0
Electric generating equipment	20	3.844	121.6	121.6	2.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.790	79.8	79.9	-0.9	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.486	135.3	135.3	-0.9	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	16.544	110.8	110.7	0.8	0.0	0.2	0.4	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	28.010	106.4	106.5	-0.3	0.0	-0.3	-0.1	0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.850	124.0	124.0	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	12.887	90.6	90.6	-1.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.273	-	113.6	-2.5	0.0	-4.5	-	-
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2019 to May 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Apr. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2020	May 2020	Annual	Monthly
					May 2019 to May 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020
All commodities		100.000	118.5	119.1	-6.0	-1.2	-1.4	-3.3	0.5
Agricultural commodities		9.431	170.8	170.0	-3.5	-2.9	-1.5	-3.1	-0.5
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		84.233	101.1	101.0	-0.6	0.3	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1
Nonagricultural commodities		90.569	114.5	115.2	-6.3	-1.1	-1.4	-3.3	0.6
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.756	174.9	173.9	-2.7	-3.0	-1.6	-2.9	-0.6
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.174	172.8	172.0	-2.8	-3.2	-1.4	-3.2	-0.5
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.582	213.7	210.6	-1.1	-0.5	-3.8	0.7	-1.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	29.261	127.9	130.7	-17.5	-3.3	-4.0	-9.6	2.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.012	167.6	168.1	1.8	1.7	-0.5	-1.8	0.3
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		18.249	111.6	115.3	-25.9	-5.6	-5.7	-13.8	3.3
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.226	163.0	162.5	-7.8	-1.0	-2.1	-2.1	-0.3
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		28.035	126.8	129.7	-17.9	-3.4	-4.0	-9.9	2.3
Fuels & lubricants	11	7.011	100.1	109.3	-43.4	-10.5	-11.6	-27.7	9.2
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.050	154.5	154.4	-2.2	0.8	-0.3	-1.9	-0.1
Selected building materials	13	0.974	117.7	117.5	-3.8	0.0	1.5	-0.1	-0.2
Capital goods	2	38.680	111.6	111.4	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.2
Electrical generating equipment	20	4.000	119.9	119.6	1.4	1.6	0.0	-0.1	-0.3
Nonelectrical machinery	21	25.146	95.2	95.0	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.534	184.5	184.3	1.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.355	114.3	114.2	-0.5	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.947	109.5	109.3	-0.9	0.1	-0.6	-0.3	-0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.243	107.5	107.2	-0.6	0.0	-0.3	-0.5	-0.3
Durables, manufactured	41	5.240	107.7	107.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.464	-	92.7	-6.6	-0.2	-5.4	-	-
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2019 to May 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Apr. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2020	May 2020	Annual	Monthly
					May 2019 to May 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020
Nonmanufacturing		4.954	58.7	70.0	-44.6	-7.9	-25.5	-24.4	19.3
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.897	169.1	179.5	-4.0	1.5	-1.8	-3.3	6.2
Crop production	111	1.548	179.8	194.8	-3.9	2.9	-1.1	-2.9	8.3
Mining	21	3.057	43.1	54.9	-54.5	-10.4	-32.3	-33.4	27.4
Oil and gas extraction	211	2.790	40.7	52.9	-56.2	-11.0	-33.4	-35.4	30.0
Manufacturing		94.747	109.2	109.3	-1.9	0.1	-0.5	-1.1	0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.932	125.0	125.4	0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.4	0.3
Food manufacturing	311	3.653	152.2	154.1	-1.2	0.0	-0.6	-1.4	1.2
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.239	129.2	128.3	4.3	2.1	0.2	-0.1	-0.7
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.382	97.0	97.1	-2.3	-0.7	-0.7	-0.8	0.1
Textile product mills	314	0.984	106.8	106.6	-2.6	0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.943	112.8	112.9	0.8	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.731	124.2	124.3	0.9	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.088	116.7	117.3	-7.8	-0.6	-1.9	-4.4	0.5
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	0.818	97.5	97.6	-	3.1	3.7	-8.5	0.1
Paper manufacturing	322	1.027	105.6	105.8	-6.5	-0.3	0.0	-1.5	0.2
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	1.734	61.3	66.7	-36.8	-4.6	-13.4	-26.8	8.8
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.673	136.3	135.5	-3.0	0.1	-0.3	-1.0	-0.6
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.496	118.6	118.5	-0.6	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.137	131.3	131.4	0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	64.727	103.3	103.2	-0.5	0.2	0.0	-0.3	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.152	152.5	150.7	-3.1	2.7	0.8	-6.4	-1.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.396	126.3	126.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	0.2	-0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.147	119.3	119.3	0.6	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.961	71.9	72.0	-1.4	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.798	117.9	117.8	0.5	0.0	0.3	0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.622	109.7	109.6	0.5	0.0	0.1	0.2	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.998	115.3	115.0	-2.1	0.1	-0.3	0.0	-0.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.654	117.4	117.3	-0.7	0.3	-1.4	0.0	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2019 to May 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Apr. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2020	May 2020	Annual	Monthly
					May 2019 to May 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020
Nonmanufacturing		7.920	95.1	103.3	-22.5	-6.9	-10.6	-11.4	8.6
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.588	141.3	139.7	-5.3	-4.2	-1.4	-4.8	-1.1
Crop production	111	4.225	147.5	145.7	-5.4	-4.2	-1.5	-5.1	-1.2
Mining	21	3.333	45.6	55.6	-37.0	-9.4	-19.5	-18.9	21.9
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.242	95.7	93.4	-20.5	-0.4	-0.6	-0.8	-2.4
Manufacturing		90.858	112.8	112.4	-4.2	-0.6	-0.4	-2.5	-0.4
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.960	138.1	138.3	-1.8	-1.1	-1.4	-0.9	0.1
Food manufacturing	311	4.728	154.3	154.6	-2.3	-1.7	-1.8	-1.6	0.2
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.684	124.4	124.0	1.7	0.2	-0.7	2.1	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 2	32	22.767	99.5	98.4	-16.2	-2.9	-1.1	-8.8	-1.1
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.495	96.4	96.0	-3.3	-0.2	1.7	2.2	-0.4
Paper manufacturing	322	1.571	118.3	118.2	-6.8	-0.3	-0.3	0.8	-0.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	3.655	61.3	58.9	-49.7	-11.5	-4.2	-34.3	-3.9
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.525	113.9	113.1	-5.4	-0.2	-0.3	-2.2	-0.7
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.437	117.2	117.4	0.9	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.875	118.0	117.6	-0.2	0.2	1.8	-0.6	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 3	33	61.132	116.0	115.9	0.9	0.5	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.473	158.6	160.0	10.0	3.5	-0.6	-1.2	0.9
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.220	149.4	149.5	1.8	0.1	-0.2	-0.4	0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	10.344	130.6	130.4	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	14.557	82.6	82.5	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.981	117.8	117.6	-0.5	0.3	0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	18.569	129.8	129.7	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.421	124.8	124.7	1.7	1.0	0.9	0.0	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.565	118.2	117.7	-1.8	0.2	-1.2	-0.3	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2019 to May 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Apr. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2020	May 2020	Annual	Monthly
					May 2019 to May 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.383	188.7	192.2	-2.5	-1.2	-2.4	-2.7	1.9
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.371	249.3	283.4	6.7	-0.8	-3.5	-3.6	13.7
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.747	136.2	131.6	-6.1	-1.7	-1.4	-2.6	-3.4
Vegetable products	II	1.916	200.1	214.5	-4.0	2.9	-1.3	-2.0	7.2
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.443	430.4	492.5	-2.3	1.9	-15.5	2.2	14.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.696	108.6	115.8	-17.2	6.9	6.8	-6.1	6.6
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.361	211.7	214.1	10.0	3.7	-0.3	-1.1	1.1
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.253	84.3	85.1	-0.5	-0.8	-0.1	-5.5	0.9
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.162	169.5	168.4	1.9	0.9	0.4	-0.6	-0.6
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.215	100.7	101.1	4.7	1.4	2.8	-4.8	0.4
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.387	170.7	168.7	-0.8	-0.3	-0.4	0.0	-1.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.184	140.0	138.7	4.3	2.3	0.1	-0.3	-0.9
Mineral products	V	5.020	102.1	121.7	-47.8	-8.5	-25.8	-29.2	19.2
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	4.660	96.7	116.7	-49.4	-9.2	-26.6	-30.8	20.7
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.018	154.7	154.0	-2.0	0.1	-0.3	-1.1	-0.5
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.489	275.8	269.3	-12.3	-1.2	-1.4	-4.2	-2.4
Organic chemicals	29	2.188	121.7	120.4	-5.8	0.8	-0.2	-4.0	-1.1
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.189	154.7	154.7	1.2	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.656	103.3	103.1	-0.3	-0.1	-0.7	-0.3	-0.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.621	100.9	101.1	-2.0	0.0	-0.3	-0.2	0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.778	137.5	136.5	-3.0	-0.4	-0.4	-0.8	-0.7
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.529	139.3	138.1	-3.7	-0.4	-0.5	-1.2	-0.9
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.250	136.0	135.5	-1.2	-0.4	-0.4	0.1	-0.4
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.654	125.0	125.4	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.3
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.627	131.8	132.3	0.8	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.4
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.844	141.9	141.5	-0.4	3.2	3.8	-8.4	-0.3
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	0.818	97.7	97.5	-	3.2	3.9	-8.6	-0.2
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.055	110.7	111.0	-7.5	-0.4	0.0	-1.8	0.3
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.736	105.7	105.9	-4.7	-0.2	-0.2	-1.7	0.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	5.097	114.2	114.2	-0.2	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	2.068	105.1	105.1	0.4	0.1	-0.3	0.0	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.710	122.0	122.0	1.3	-0.1	0.3	0.5	0.0
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.669	101.1	100.8	-2.8	0.4	0.4	-0.1	-0.3
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.453	124.4	124.5	1.8	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.215	122.7	122.8	1.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	1.019	132.1	132.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.1
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.020	195.3	194.6	10.3	5.4	-0.3	-6.1	-0.4
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.585	163.6	162.5	-7.9	-0.8	-0.7	-1.9	-0.7
Iron and steel	72	1.144	195.3	187.0	-14.9	1.1	-0.6	-2.4	-4.2
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.762	146.1	145.8	-2.9	-0.2	-0.4	0.1	-0.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.387	235.7	243.8	-14.7	-7.2	-1.3	-7.1	3.4
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.902	120.4	119.2	-9.9	-1.3	-0.7	-3.2	-1.0
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.486	122.9	122.8	-0.7	0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.560	134.2	133.8	-1.8	-0.1	-0.4	0.2	-0.3
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	32.090	78.9	79.0	-0.4	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.283	84.5	84.6	-1.2	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.806	73.7	73.6	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.595	114.6	114.5	0.8	-0.1	0.1	0.4	-0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	13.414	113.8	113.7	1.0	0.0	0.1	0.4	-0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.304	102.1	102.0	0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.3	-0.1
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	4.017	98.2	98.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.2	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.677	111.1	111.0	-1.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.944	116.9	116.7	-1.6	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.449	101.7	101.7	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.284	127.2	127.2	-1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2019 to May 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Apr. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2020	May 2020	Annual	Monthly
					May 2019 to May 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.971	204.6	204.6	-5.1	-1.9	-1.4	-3.0	0.0
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.156	156.1	163.5	-3.5	-2.4	0.1	-4.9	4.7
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.366	117.6	114.9	-2.0	-1.2	-5.1	2.1	-2.3
Vegetable products	II	4.235	184.5	181.5	-4.1	-4.7	-1.1	-4.1	-1.6
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.945	128.0	128.1	-2.8	-0.7	0.3	-6.4	0.1
Cereals	10	1.404	185.8	177.7	-3.3	-0.2	-1.0	-6.3	-4.4
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.481	186.6	182.9	1.6	-5.4	1.2	-2.0	-2.0
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.110	149.3	151.5	-0.3	-1.0	-2.8	-1.2	1.5
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100)	20	0.343	97.9	98.1	-	-0.8	-0.5	-0.7	0.2
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.621	100.2	100.1	3.0	0.2	-0.1	-0.4	-0.1
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.514	93.2	101.2	-4.9	0.9	-5.8	-8.1	8.6
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.750	215.9	217.0	2.2	-4.2	-6.0	2.2	0.5
Mineral products	V	6.991	121.0	131.6	-43.5	-10.4	-11.4	-27.6	8.8
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.378	85.6	82.6	-18.1	-0.8	-3.4	-3.2	-3.5
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	6.406	112.2	123.2	-45.1	-11.0	-11.9	-29.3	9.8
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.300	135.0	134.2	-3.7	-0.3	-0.4	-1.2	-0.6
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.737	137.8	140.2	-6.5	-5.0	-0.7	-0.9	1.7
Organic chemicals	29	2.523	134.2	131.1	-9.5	0.1	-0.1	-3.2	-2.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.276	106.3	106.0	-0.7	0.1	-0.7	-1.0	-0.3
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.555	103.8	103.6	-1.4	0.1	-1.0	-0.1	-0.2
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.908	128.1	128.0	-3.1	-0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.519	125.6	125.1	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.4
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.118	157.3	156.7	-0.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.5	-0.4
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.306	139.1	137.6	-4.4	0.4	0.1	-2.0	-1.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.393	136.3	134.5	-4.7	0.3	0.2	-1.9	-1.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.913	149.6	149.2	-3.4	0.5	-0.3	-2.1	-0.3
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.608	95.1	95.2	-3.4	-0.1	2.5	2.4	0.1
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.868	120.8	122.7	-2.1	0.4	1.3	1.3	1.6
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.492	111.5	119.5	-	4.8	5.7	5.0	7.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.079	123.3	122.7	-2.4	-1.1	0.0	0.6	-0.5
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.718	116.0	117.2	-5.3	-0.6	-1.4	-2.6	1.0
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.442	103.0	106.9	-15.8	-1.6	-4.3	-9.8	3.8
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.846	126.5	126.3	-0.9	0.1	0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.411	100.0	100.0	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.965	270.3	273.1	13.1	4.4	-1.9	-0.8	1.0
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.655	150.3	150.1	-6.5	-1.1	-0.3	-3.2	-0.1
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.451	152.3	155.3	-17.6	-5.1	-1.2	-10.7	2.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.686	94.3	91.6	-13.9	1.7	-1.8	-4.9	-2.9
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.358	155.9	155.9	1.2	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.030	98.2	98.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	17.928	116.4	116.2	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	12.101	78.7	78.7	0.4	0.4	0.0	0.3	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.093	138.0	137.8	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.475	116.6	116.4	-0.3	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	6.342	110.3	110.1	1.0	0.3	-0.2	-0.4	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.419	113.7	113.3	0.3	0.9	-0.1	0.1	-0.4
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.793	132.8	132.7	1.1	0.5	0.5	0.3	-0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.462	88.2	87.2	-1.0	1.7	-1.1	-0.2	-1.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: May 2019 to May 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Apr. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Apr. 2020	May 2020	Annual	Monthly
				May 2019 to May 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	117.3	118.3	-8.1	-1.4	-2.6	-3.5	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	5.152	78.3	94.4	-54.6	-12.9	-27.1	-30.0	20.6
Manufacturing	94.344	120.0	119.7	-1.5	0.0	-0.2	-1.4	-0.3
Canada	100.000	108.9	112.8	-23.0	-4.6	-7.9	-9.6	3.6
Nonmanufacturing	16.258	72.7	89.1	-56.5	-13.6	-28.4	-31.6	22.6
Manufacturing	82.846	124.4	124.2	-5.8	-0.5	-0.1	-3.5	-0.2
European Union	100.000	136.8	136.7	-0.7	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Manufacturing	98.982	133.0	132.9	-0.7	-0.1	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	126.4	126.3	-1.5	-0.2	-0.2	-0.9	-0.1
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	113.4	112.6	0.3	0.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.7
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	118.7	121.5	-0.4	0.7	0.4	-4.5	2.4
Latin America(3)	100.000	137.1	139.4	-7.2	-0.8	-2.4	-2.6	1.7
Nonmanufacturing	9.894	158.0	184.4	-35.5	-6.6	-19.3	-19.7	16.7
Manufacturing	89.803	118.8	118.8	-1.5	0.2	0.5	-0.2	0.0
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	124.1	125.7	-2.9	-0.2	-0.6	-0.6	1.3
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	5.575	90.6	105.6	-35.6	-3.1	-13.6	-19.3	16.6
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	94.130	87.8	88.2	0.7	0.0	0.5	0.8	0.5
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	97.6	97.7	-0.7	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.1	98.1	-1.0	-0.2	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japan	100.000	96.6	96.3	-0.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.3
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	97.6	95.2	-3.6	-0.2	0.0	-0.8	-2.5
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	85.0	85.2	-3.7	-0.5	-0.2	-0.8	0.2
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.3	97.6	0.8	0.0	-0.3	0.0	0.3
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	128.8	141.6	-25.7	-2.7	-21.7	-5.7	9.9
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: May 2019 to May 2020 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Apr. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Apr. 2020	May 2020	Annual	Monthly
				May 2019 to May 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	98.4	99.1	-4.1	-1.0	-1.6	-2.5	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	7.420	71.5	80.4	-29.3	-8.3	-13.8	-14.4	12.4
Manufacturing	91.350	101.8	101.6	-1.2	-0.3	-0.1	-1.4	-0.2
Canada	100.000	98.5	99.2	-5.4	-1.4	-2.1	-2.8	0.7
European Union	100.000	100.3	100.9	-3.9	-0.9	-1.4	-2.3	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	6.777	67.6	75.1	-32.4	-7.1	-14.3	-14.9	11.1
Manufacturing	92.147	104.0	103.7	-1.0	-0.3	-0.1	-1.1	-0.3
Germany	100.000	104.2	105.4	2.4	-0.2	0.4	-1.3	1.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	91.8	91.7	-10.7	-3.1	-0.9	-5.8	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	7.004	90.5	91.6	-12.5	-5.7	-4.1	-5.3	1.2
Manufacturing	92.469	91.9	91.8	-10.5	-3.0	-0.6	-5.9	-0.1
Mexico	100.000	92.8	94.2	-7.3	-2.5	-0.6	-5.2	1.5
Nonmanufacturing	5.602	88.2	88.1	-10.1	-5.1	-1.5	-3.8	-0.1
Manufacturing	93.779	93.0	94.5	-7.2	-2.3	-0.5	-5.4	1.6
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	95.5	96.4	-3.6	-0.7	-1.3	-2.2	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	11.638	72.5	78.9	-19.8	-4.0	-9.9	-13.6	8.8
Manufacturing	86.791	100.4	100.0	-0.7	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.4
China	100.000	92.2	94.7	-3.7	-0.9	-2.1	-2.1	2.7
Nonmanufacturing	8.421	56.8	69.6	-28.2	-7.9	-18.0	-20.8	22.5
Manufacturing	89.464	99.8	100.4	0.7	0.2	-0.1	0.2	0.6
Japan	100.000	92.7	94.3	-5.7	-1.2	-2.7	-4.0	1.7
Nonmanufacturing	14.510	63.5	72.0	-30.3	-5.9	-15.5	-18.6	13.4
Manufacturing	83.562	99.5	99.7	0.7	-0.3	0.2	-0.8	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: May 2019 to May 2020(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Apr. 2020	May 2020	Annual	Monthly
			May 2019 to May 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	102.7	102.5	4.4	0.4	1.1	1.1	-0.2
Canada	118.9	115.6	22.7	3.4	6.3	7.6	-2.8
European Union	98.7	99.3	-3.3	-0.7	-1.2	-2.2	0.6
Germany	105.8	107.7	2.1	-0.4	0.6	-1.3	1.8
Latin America(3)	99.7	97.9	-3.8	-2.3	1.5	-3.4	-1.8
Mexico	96.5	96.7	-4.4	-2.3	0.0	-4.5	0.2
Pacific Rim(4)	96.3	97.1	-2.9	-0.7	-1.2	-2.2	0.8
China	94.1	96.6	-2.7	-0.7	-2.1	-2.2	2.7
Japan	91.6	93.5	-5.4	-1.1	-2.7	-3.9	2.1
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: May 2019 to May 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Apr. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Apr. 2020	May 2020	Annual	Monthly
				May 2019 to May 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	252.8	322.4	80.1	-1.0	2.5	39.9	27.5
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.925	218.2	214.8	45.2	0.2	-0.6	51.9	-1.6
Asia	60.951	246.7	360.0	114.5	-1.7	4.6	43.5	45.9
Export Air Freight	100.000	163.4	164.5	-1.0	-0.4	-0.1	-2.4	0.7
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	31.616	151.8	151.8	-0.5	-1.0	-0.3	-2.1	0.0
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	207.5	248.0	48.2	1.2	1.0	23.6	19.5
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.196	165.8	164.1	20.6	-0.2	-0.2	25.2	-1.0
Asia	60.282	201.6	267.8	72.2	2.3	1.7	27.8	32.8
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	157.4	158.4	9.4	26.8	-19.1	2.4	0.6
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	33.846	176.3	176.3	13.7	-0.8	0.1	9.4	0.0
Asia	46.522	151.5	153.2	11.4	59.1	-33.1	-0.5	1.1
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	136.3	136.2	-21.7	0.2	-9.8	-12.3	-0.1
Europe	38.686	134.4	136.4	-30.7	0.6	-12.9	-26.0	1.5
Asia	26.689	125.5	121.9	-11.1	-7.2	-7.4	11.8	-2.9
Latin America/Caribbean	9.665	144.8	125.6	-17.3	8.7	-7.4	-3.9	-13.3
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	126.3	125.7	-15.2	-9.3	-4.2	-7.9	-0.5
Europe	26.316	143.5	138.1	-27.8	-2.0	-4.3	-16.4	-3.8
Asia	25.763	112.6	124.3	-5.6	-13.9	-5.0	-6.9	10.4
Latin America/Caribbean	28.992	148.8	140.1	-7.6	-13.0	-2.3	-1.3	-5.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.