U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until					USDL-22-1175
8:30 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, June 15, 2022

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


There was an error on page 3 of the release concerning the last time capital goods export prices had a
larger 12-month increase. That has been corrected.


                              U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - MAY 2022

U.S. import prices rose 0.6 percent in May, after advancing 0.4 percent in April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 
Statistics reported today. Higher fuel prices in May offset lower nonfuel prices. The price index for U.S. 
exports increased 2.8 percent in May following a 0.8-percent rise the previous month.

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports advanced 0.6 percent in May following a 0.4-percent increase in April and a 3.0-
percent rise in March. The last monthly decline for import prices was a 0.4-percent decrease in December 
2021. U.S. import prices increased 11.7 percent for the year ended in May. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices rose 7.5 percent in May, after advancing 0.5 percent in April and 17.7 
percent in March. Higher petroleum and natural gas prices both contributed to the increase in May. The 
price index for import fuel rose 73.5 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month advance since 
increasing 87.0 percent in November 2021. Prices for import petroleum advanced 6.7 percent in May, after 
recording no change the previous month. Petroleum prices rose 71.0 percent from May 2021 to May 2022. 
Import natural gas prices increased 26.5 percent in May following a 13.0-percent rise in April. Prices for 
natural gas advanced 150.5 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year rise since increasing 
193.8 percent for the year ended March 2003.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports declined 0.3 percent in May following a 0.4-
percent increase the previous month. The drop in May was the first monthly decrease since the index fell 0.2 
percent in November 2020. Lower prices in May for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; consumer 
goods; and foods, feeds, and beverages more than offset price increases for capital goods and automotive 
vehicles. Despite the May decline, the price index for nonfuel imports rose 5.9 percent over the past 12 
months.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages decreased 0.2 percent in May, after 
advancing 0.9 percent the previous month. The decline in May was the first monthly drop since the index 
fell 0.1 percent in November 2021. The May decrease was led by lower prices for food oils and oilseeds.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 1.7 percent 
in May following a 0.6-percent advance in April. Lower prices for unfinished metals and finished metals in 
May more than offset higher prices for unfinished building materials.

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories rose in May. Import capital goods 
prices advanced 0.3 percent following consecutive 0.5-percent increases the 2 previous months. Prices for 
capital goods rose 4.4 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month advance since February 1991. The 
price index for automotive vehicles also increased 0.3 percent in May, after a 0.2-percent advance in April. 
In contrast, prices for consumer goods edged down 0.1 percent in May, the first monthly decline since 
October 2020.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2021
May	1.3	5.2	0.9	2.3	6.1	1.8
June	1.1	4.9	0.7	1.2	1.4	1.1
July	0.3	2.9	0.0	1.1	-1.7	1.3
August	-0.2	-2.2	0.0	0.2	0.9	0.1
September	0.4	3.6	0.1	0.3	-1.5	0.5
October	1.5	11.1	0.5	1.9	1.1	2.0
November	0.7	2.5	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.6
December	-0.4	-7.7	0.5	-1.6	0.7	-1.9
2022
January	2.0	7.3	1.4	2.8	3.0	2.8
February	1.8	(r)10.6	(r)0.8	3.2	2.9	3.3
March	(r)3.0	(r)17.7	1.2	(r)4.2	(r)4.5	(r)4.2
April	(r)0.4	(r)0.5	0.4	(r)0.8	(r)1.2	(r)0.7
May	0.6	7.5	-0.3	2.8	2.1	2.9
May 2020 to 2021	11.6	113.1	6.1	17.6	33.7	15.8
May 2021 to 2022	11.7	73.5	5.9	18.9	16.7	19.3
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices increased 2.8 percent in May, after advancing 0.8 percent in April and 4.2 percent in 
March. Higher prices for both nonagricultural and agricultural exports contributed to the U.S. export price 
rise in May. The export price index increased 18.9 percent from May 2021 to May 2022, the largest over-
the-year rise since 12-month percent changes were first published in September 1984. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports rose 2.1 percent in May, after increasing 8.9 percent 
from January to April. Agricultural export prices have not declined on a month-to-month basis since 
September 2021. Price increases for soybeans, corn, and wheat drove the May advance in agricultural 
prices. The price index for agricultural exports rose 16.7 percent over the past 12 months.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices advanced 2.9 percent in May following 
a 0.7-percent increase in April. The rise in May was led by higher prices for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials; capital goods; automotive vehicles; and nonagricultural foods, which more than 
offset lower consumer goods prices. Nonagricultural export prices rose 19.3 percent for the year ended in 
May, the largest 12-month advance since over-the-year percent changes were first published in March 1986.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials rose 5.7 percent in May. Higher fuel prices more than offset lower prices for nonferrous 
metals and fertilizer. The export price index for fuel advanced 12.5 percent in May and 84.8 percent over 
the past year.

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories increased in May. Capital goods 
prices rose 0.3 percent following a 0.7-percent advance in April. The price index for export capital goods 
increased 4.9 percent from May 2021 to May 2022, the largest 12-month advance since September 1982. 
Export automotive vehicles prices rose 0.2 percent in May and 4.2 percent over the past year, the largest 
over-the-year increase since March 1984. In contrast, the price index for consumer goods declined 0.3 
percent in May.

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.


Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China ticked up 0.1 percent in May, after 
increasing 0.3 percent the previous month. The rise in May was driven by higher prices for machinery 
manufacturing. Import prices from China advanced 4.6 percent from May 2021 to May 2022. Prices for 
imports from Japan edged down 0.1 percent in May, after rising 0.3 percent in April and 0.5 percent in 
March. Import prices from Japan increased 1.7 percent over the past year. The price index for imports from 
Canada advanced 3.2 percent in May and 29.1 percent over the past 12 months. The import price indexes 
from the European Union and Mexico also increased in May, advancing 0.3 percent and 0.9 percent, 
respectively. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China rose 2.0 percent in May following a 0.4-
percent decline in April. Export prices to China advanced 15.1 percent over the past year. The price index 
for exports to Japan increased 2.5 percent in May and 17.8 percent over the past 12 months. The price 
indexes for exports to Canada and the European Union also rose in May, each advancing 1.8 percent. Export 
prices to Canada and the European Union increased 16.7 percent and 13.2 percent, respectively, from May 
2021 to May 2022; both were the largest over-the-year rises since 12-month percent changes were first 
published in December 2018. Prices for exports to Mexico increased 4.9 percent in May and 19.2 percent 
over the past year. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
China rose 2.0 percent in May following a 0.7-percent decline the previous month. Higher export prices to 
China more than offset increasing import prices from China in May. U.S. terms of trade with China rose 
10.0 percent over the past 12 months. U.S. terms of trade with Japan advanced 2.6 percent in May following 
a 0.2-percent increase in April. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 15.9 percent over the past 
year. U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico also advanced in May, increasing 1.5 percent 
and 4.0 percent, respectively. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union rose 7.2 percent 
for the year ended in May, the largest over-the-year increase since 12-month percent changes were first 
published in December 2018. In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Canada fell 1.4 percent in May and 
declined 9.6 percent over the past year. (See table 9.)


Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares increased 3.2 percent in May following a 3.6-percent rise in April and 
an 8.6-percent advance in March. In May, higher European and Asian fares more than offset lower Latin 
American/Caribbean fares. Import air passenger fares increased 12.2 percent over the past year. The price 
index for import air freight rose 4.0 percent in May, after decreasing 10.7 percent from January to April. 
Prices for import air freight advanced 5.0 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares increased 2.6 percent in May, after ticking up 0.1 percent 
in April and rising 7.0 percent in March. Higher Asian, European, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all 
contributed to the May advance. Export air passenger fares rose 14.6 percent for the year ended in May, the 
largest 12-month increase since August 2021. Export air freight prices advanced 2.3 percent in May 
following increases of 0.7 percent in April, 4.6 percent in March, and 6.3 percent in February. Prices for 
export air freight rose 26.8 percent over the past year and have not recorded a 12-month decline since 
November 2020. The increase from May 2021 to May 2022 was the largest over-the-year increase since 12-
month percent changes were first published in December 1997.

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for June 2022 are scheduled for release on Friday, July 15, 2022 at 
8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2021 to May 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Apr. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2022	May 2022	Annual	Monthly
					May 2021 to May 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022
All commodities		100.000	147.5	148.4	11.7	1.8	3.0	0.4	0.6
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.983	110.8	110.5	5.5	0.8	1.3	0.4	-0.3
All imports excluding petroleum		88.671	126.9	126.8	6.7	0.8	1.2	0.5	-0.1
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		87.858	130.4	130.0	5.9	0.8	1.2	0.4	-0.3
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.874	212.8	212.3	11.9	1.6	0.3	0.9	-0.2
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.463	231.0	229.8	11.9	1.4	0.3	1.3	-0.5
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.411	172.2	173.4	11.7	2.3	0.8	-0.7	0.7
Industrial supplies & materials	1	31.616	298.1	303.6	32.5	5.0	9.3	0.6	1.8
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		20.223	235.2	233.6	16.8	2.0	4.0	1.0	-0.7
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		19.187	259.7	255.3	13.1	2.2	4.6	0.6	-1.7
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		13.299	256.6	250.2	7.7	2.5	6.1	0.0	-2.5
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		6.989	207.3	212.8	33.2	1.1	0.1	3.0	2.7
Fuels & lubricants	10	12.142	383.1	412.0	73.5	10.6	17.7	0.5	7.5
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	11.329	409.2	436.6	71.0	11.7	19.8	0.0	6.7
Crude petroleum	10000	7.994	432.2	452.5	69.8	12.0	20.3	1.1	4.7
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.700	286.1	349.8	129.2	-2.0	-8.4	10.4	22.3
Natural gas	10110	0.578	279.9	354.0	150.5	-4.3	-9.5	13.0	26.5
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.479	129.8	129.6	9.9	2.0	-0.7	3.1	-0.2
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	5.696	222.7	222.7	25.3	1.5	1.6	2.0	0.0
Selected building materials	13	2.085	231.2	233.1	-9.3	2.6	4.6	-5.9	0.8
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	6.094	415.7	399.6	12.4	2.8	9.5	2.0	-3.9
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	3.428	227.5	219.5	18.1	2.9	4.4	-0.5	-3.5
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.692	127.3	128.0	8.9	0.2	0.6	1.4	0.5
Capital goods	2	24.999	92.8	93.1	4.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.3
Electric generating equipment	20	3.107	127.6	127.9	5.1	0.8	1.3	0.6	0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	20.351	84.4	84.5	4.3	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.540	141.3	143.1	3.3	-0.7	0.5	0.3	1.3
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	12.005	115.1	115.5	3.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	24.505	110.5	110.4	2.7	0.4	0.3	0.0	-0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.392	125.1	124.9	0.6	0.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	11.384	95.9	95.8	4.5	0.3	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	0.729	135.1	135.2	13.2	2.2	1.8	0.1	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2021 to May 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Apr. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2022	May 2022	Annual	Monthly
					May 2021 to May 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022
All commodities		100.000	160.8	165.3	18.9	3.2	4.2	0.8	2.8
Agricultural commodities		12.214	259.3	264.7	16.7	2.9	4.5	1.2	2.1
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		67.030	116.5	116.2	5.9	0.8	1.2	1.2	-0.3
Nonagricultural commodities		87.786	153.4	157.9	19.3	3.3	4.2	0.7	2.9
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	11.200	262.6	268.3	15.9	2.9	5.0	1.0	2.2
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	10.720	263.3	269.1	15.9	2.8	5.1	1.0	2.2
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.480	252.7	254.9	15.5	3.7	3.6	-0.2	0.9
Industrial supplies & materials	1	44.906	243.6	257.3	37.6	6.5	8.0	0.9	5.6
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.847	235.5	230.3	10.9	2.2	3.8	1.9	-2.2
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		34.059	242.6	262.2	48.1	7.9	9.4	0.6	8.1
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.494	243.0	245.3	21.6	3.4	0.8	2.5	0.9
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		43.412	243.8	257.8	38.2	6.6	8.3	0.9	5.7
Fuels & lubricants	11	21.771	325.3	365.9	84.8	12.9	14.2	-0.5	12.5
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.733	217.1	214.9	7.6	1.3	2.7	2.2	-1.0
Selected building materials	13	0.908	172.1	171.6	14.6	2.1	4.3	2.4	-0.3
Capital goods	2	26.981	118.1	118.4	4.9	0.4	0.3	0.7	0.3
Electrical generating equipment	20	2.989	130.8	130.8	8.4	0.5	-0.6	0.5	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	19.617	100.1	100.5	4.9	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.4
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	4.375	195.2	195.5	3.1	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	7.091	119.7	119.9	4.2	0.4	0.7	0.7	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	9.823	116.8	116.5	4.3	0.7	0.8	0.5	-0.3
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.192	110.7	110.3	0.6	-0.2	0.2	0.2	-0.4
Durables, manufactured	41	3.726	113.6	113.6	4.4	0.3	0.8	1.0	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	0.905	126.1	126.3	27.4	8.0	5.0	0.0	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2021 to May 2022 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Apr. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2022	May 2022	Annual	Monthly
					May 2021 to May 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022
Nonmanufacturing		11.169	191.9	200.9	60.6	8.2	12.9	1.6	4.7
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.243	221.2	221.5	18.9	2.2	-1.3	1.0	0.1
Crop production	111	1.813	230.1	231.9	18.0	0.8	-2.3	0.6	0.8
Mining	21	8.925	199.7	211.4	75.0	10.1	17.1	1.8	5.9
Oil and gas extraction	211	8.664	200.4	212.3	76.2	10.4	17.8	1.8	5.9
Manufacturing		88.439	125.8	126.0	7.4	1.1	1.9	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing, part 1	31	10.841	138.4	138.3	6.4	0.7	0.6	0.6	-0.1
Food manufacturing	311	4.094	189.2	188.0	11.7	1.7	1.5	1.1	-0.6
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.049	134.6	134.4	1.8	0.3	0.8	0.4	-0.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.392	126.0	127.3	22.3	0.0	1.0	0.2	1.0
Textile product mills	314	1.424	111.5	112.1	3.0	-0.3	-0.6	-0.1	0.5
Apparel manufacturing	315	2.761	116.0	116.4	2.8	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.3
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.122	127.8	127.7	2.5	0.2	0.0	0.3	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	20.805	156.1	159.0	13.8	2.2	3.6	-0.8	1.9
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.373	204.9	208.3	-17.4	2.8	7.3	-11.9	1.7
Paper manufacturing	322	0.928	119.6	119.6	6.3	1.8	-0.4	1.9	0.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	3.010	165.9	186.6	74.7	11.1	20.2	-2.9	12.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	12.036	162.2	161.8	9.9	0.9	0.8	0.5	-0.2
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.402	132.3	132.4	7.4	0.3	0.5	1.2	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.897	141.3	141.2	6.0	0.8	0.1	1.1	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	56.793	114.4	113.9	5.4	0.8	1.4	0.5	-0.4
Primary metal manufacturing	331	7.719	267.8	256.8	11.3	3.5	8.0	1.4	-4.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.122	152.7	153.6	13.5	0.6	2.0	0.3	0.6
Machinery manufacturing	333	6.552	127.0	127.1	4.5	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	15.342	74.3	74.4	3.0	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.143	126.7	126.8	7.1	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	12.451	114.0	114.2	2.4	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.743	126.6	126.9	7.9	1.7	0.0	0.2	0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.721	127.3	127.2	6.1	0.5	1.4	1.0	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2021 to May 2022 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Apr. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2022	May 2022	Annual	Monthly
					May 2021 to May 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022
Nonmanufacturing		20.412	235.3	252.3	53.7	9.4	9.1	-0.2	7.2
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	6.932	241.2	247.0	18.1	4.9	7.0	0.3	2.4
Crop production	111	6.561	255.6	262.2	18.5	4.9	7.3	0.4	2.6
Mining	21	13.480	153.4	168.2	80.3	12.0	10.2	-0.4	9.6
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	11.852	136.0	151.1	-	13.2	10.1	-1.9	11.1
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.628	193.0	191.0	78.0	2.3	11.4	12.3	-1.0
Manufacturing		77.546	138.5	141.3	12.9	1.8	3.1	0.9	2.0
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.762	175.9	178.9	14.1	1.0	1.7	1.9	1.7
Food manufacturing	311	5.135	207.9	212.1	17.4	1.0	1.9	2.3	2.0
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.517	143.3	144.2	2.8	0.9	2.5	0.7	0.6
Manufacturing, part 2	32	27.060	154.1	162.4	25.2	3.9	7.1	1.0	5.4
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.502	143.4	143.6	10.6	-0.3	5.3	0.1	0.1
Paper manufacturing	322	1.472	144.3	146.2	9.9	2.0	-0.4	1.7	1.3
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	8.540	196.6	229.7	93.7	14.3	22.1	-0.5	16.8
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.792	145.0	145.0	3.6	-0.1	1.1	2.0	0.0
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	1.930	129.8	129.4	9.4	0.4	1.4	0.2	-0.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.678	134.4	134.7	9.7	6.4	1.6	2.6	0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	43.723	127.1	127.0	5.8	0.8	1.0	0.8	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.469	237.9	230.8	10.9	2.6	4.6	2.0	-3.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.362	167.9	171.6	10.3	0.2	0.4	0.4	2.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.682	141.3	141.7	6.5	0.4	0.7	1.1	0.3
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	11.389	84.8	84.9	3.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.020	128.8	129.0	8.3	0.5	-0.5	0.7	0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	10.542	136.6	136.8	3.7	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	3.950	132.2	132.5	8.4	2.3	1.6	0.5	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2021 to May 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Apr. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2022	May 2022	Annual	Monthly
					May 2021 to May 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022
Live animals; animal products	I	1.558	247.9	246.0	13.4	4.1	1.7	0.6	-0.8
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.450	346.8	344.6	3.7	4.3	0.8	-2.1	-0.6
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.798	172.4	174.3	17.6	3.9	1.2	-0.6	1.1
Vegetable products	II	2.218	253.9	256.5	18.0	1.1	-2.2	1.3	1.0
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.427	440.1	467.3	20.2	-8.9	-1.4	1.9	6.2
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.827	129.6	129.2	13.4	5.2	-5.7	0.2	-0.3
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.442	324.9	319.6	33.9	3.2	0.1	4.3	-1.6
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.458	166.0	157.8	17.0	3.4	5.5	3.0	-4.9
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.088	186.2	186.0	6.8	0.4	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.206	105.3	104.0	-	-0.1	0.7	2.3	-1.2
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.193	102.3	102.3	4.1	1.4	-0.6	-0.5	0.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.028	148.0	147.9	2.1	0.3	1.0	0.6	-0.1
Mineral products	V	12.111	390.8	420.0	76.0	10.3	17.8	0.5	7.5
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	11.747	385.6	415.2	77.1	10.7	18.3	0.5	7.7
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.154	180.1	179.6	8.5	0.8	0.7	0.4	-0.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.743	545.2	554.3	45.7	1.6	0.1	2.4	1.7
Organic chemicals	29	2.598	151.9	152.2	8.4	0.1	0.9	1.2	0.2
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.112	149.7	148.9	-2.4	0.3	0.0	-0.8	-0.5
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.792	117.6	117.7	6.5	0.9	0.6	0.0	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.683	161.4	161.7	5.9	-0.1	0.3	0.8	0.2
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.574	165.6	165.2	6.0	-0.4	0.3	0.3	-0.2
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.110	156.0	157.6	5.8	0.6	0.3	2.0	1.0
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.405	142.9	142.9	7.5	0.2	0.4	0.9	0.0
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.437	305.6	309.3	-15.2	3.3	6.5	-10.8	1.2
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.415	214.9	217.5	-15.5	3.4	6.7	-11.0	1.2
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.917	126.9	126.8	8.3	3.0	-0.4	1.7	-0.1
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.619	118.6	118.5	11.3	5.4	-0.6	1.0	-0.1
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.436	119.8	120.3	4.2	0.0	-0.2	0.1	0.4
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.263	124.5	124.8	2.3	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	1.219	105.7	105.7	3.3	-0.4	-0.7	0.1	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	0.977	126.3	126.4	1.8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	0.800	123.4	123.5	0.8	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.773	134.7	134.2	1.8	0.8	0.1	1.1	-0.4
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.285	101.3	101.0	1.5	1.0	0.3	0.6	-0.3
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.267	102.1	101.9	-	1.2	0.0	1.2	-0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.810	252.4	240.1	-5.1	3.3	6.7	-0.6	-4.9
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.428	265.1	262.4	26.6	1.4	6.0	2.5	-1.0
Iron and steel	72	1.282	371.8	366.2	37.9	-0.7	7.6	9.7	-1.5
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.851	211.6	212.5	28.6	0.6	2.2	0.5	0.4
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.531	441.8	407.9	-5.8	0.5	4.6	0.7	-7.7
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.194	222.5	223.3	32.2	4.1	9.1	-1.0	0.4
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.397	129.4	130.9	5.1	0.6	0.3	1.1	1.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.508	151.2	152.3	9.2	0.3	0.3	2.3	0.7
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	27.240	82.8	83.0	4.0	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.2
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.052	89.6	89.7	4.5	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	13.188	76.4	76.6	3.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	10.498	118.4	118.5	2.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	9.741	117.6	117.8	2.2	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.2
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.669	103.3	102.9	2.1	0.0	1.1	0.5	-0.4
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.656	105.9	105.7	3.2	1.1	0.7	1.0	-0.2
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.451	101.8	101.6	3.1	1.1	0.8	1.0	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.044	118.0	118.0	5.4	0.9	0.4	-0.1	0.0
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.458	126.3	126.3	6.4	1.3	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.335	104.2	104.4	3.3	0.0	1.3	-0.1	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.251	136.2	134.9	5.1	2.5	0.0	-0.7	-1.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2021 to May 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Apr. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Apr. 2022	May 2022	Annual	Monthly
					May 2021 to May 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022
Live animals; animal products	I	2.273	290.1	296.9	21.4	1.1	0.6	2.6	2.3
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.433	234.2	234.8	16.8	1.1	-0.3	2.0	0.3
Vegetable products	II	6.386	310.0	319.5	16.1	4.3	8.4	-0.2	3.1
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.904	143.6	145.5	3.5	-3.0	-1.5	1.6	1.3
Cereals	10	2.072	370.4	386.5	23.3	2.1	16.5	0.8	4.3
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.874	331.1	338.7	10.1	9.2	7.1	-1.7	2.3
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.864	182.9	183.1	6.7	0.7	2.3	1.2	0.1
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.551	106.2	107.1	4.4	0.4	-0.2	1.0	0.8
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.445	109.6	109.0	-1.4	0.0	0.0	-0.3	-0.5
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.915	336.3	335.7	8.6	2.2	4.5	3.2	-0.2
Mineral products	V	22.003	395.0	443.8	84.6	12.8	14.5	-0.6	12.4
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.624	161.1	158.9	24.0	1.5	5.3	4.2	-1.4
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	21.213	381.1	430.0	87.4	13.2	14.9	-0.7	12.8
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.153	165.8	165.7	8.2	0.5	0.7	1.9	-0.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.730	201.5	203.9	14.3	1.8	2.5	3.7	1.2
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.009	108.2	107.5	-2.5	-0.6	0.0	0.1	-0.6
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.753	139.9	140.2	6.1	-0.2	0.6	-0.4	0.2
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.408	132.3	132.3	4.5	-0.2	0.0	1.2	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.102	189.0	188.6	0.1	0.4	-0.6	-0.1	-0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.031	177.4	177.1	0.5	-0.5	2.4	0.3	-0.2
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.347	178.4	177.9	-0.7	-0.5	2.8	0.3	-0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.684	166.0	166.6	8.0	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.4
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.614	140.9	141.2	12.8	0.9	5.4	0.8	0.2
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.735	151.1	152.8	9.9	2.3	0.1	1.3	1.1
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.646	174.2	178.0	9.8	4.2	1.2	0.0	2.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.892	143.2	143.5	11.7	1.5	-0.8	2.6	0.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.648	153.9	155.5	20.8	2.7	-0.2	2.7	1.0
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.693	201.1	204.1	43.7	5.1	-1.3	6.3	1.5
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.650	146.6	147.0	10.2	7.5	0.7	2.0	0.3
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.384	109.7	110.2	10.4	8.8	0.7	1.2	0.5
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.079	350.2	339.9	3.5	4.9	6.7	0.8	-2.9
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.738	232.1	226.8	17.0	1.8	2.2	2.8	-2.3
Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)	72	1.435	197.3	186.3	35.2	2.8	4.1	4.3	-5.6
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.586	296.3	282.5	1.2	0.8	2.7	1.6	-4.7
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.882	173.5	165.1	21.6	3.9	3.3	5.9	-4.8
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	22.383	103.6	103.9	5.1	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.3
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	12.942	124.2	124.6	5.5	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.3
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	9.440	81.7	81.7	4.3	0.4	0.1	0.6	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	7.823	146.0	146.1	4.4	0.2	0.6	0.8	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	5.873	122.7	122.7	4.0	0.1	0.6	0.8	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.911	114.0	114.2	2.9	0.9	0.2	0.7	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.037	128.8	129.0	9.7	0.0	0.6	3.4	0.2
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.562	151.8	151.8	10.2	-0.1	0.0	6.1	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.335	99.3	99.7	10.9	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: May 2021 to May 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Apr. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Apr. 2022	May 2022	Annual	Monthly
				May 2021 to May 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	156.1	157.3	13.2	2.8	4.2	0.3	0.8
Nonmanufacturing	15.208	354.3	373.8	74.3	11.1	15.3	2.6	5.5
Manufacturing	83.673	140.1	140.2	6.1	1.7	2.3	-0.3	0.1
Canada	100.000	210.8	217.6	29.1	5.0	8.5	0.3	3.2
Nonmanufacturing	38.029	354.4	374.6	76.8	11.4	15.6	2.7	5.7
Manufacturing	60.544	173.4	177.0	10.6	1.9	4.3	-1.3	2.1
European Union	100.000	152.5	152.9	5.5	1.4	1.3	0.3	0.3
Manufacturing	98.589	147.7	148.0	5.1	1.3	1.3	0.3	0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	143.2	142.9	6.6	1.9	1.6	0.0	-0.2
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	122.7	122.0	3.4	0.9	0.8	0.4	-0.6
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	137.4	138.7	5.5	0.8	3.4	-1.0	0.9
Latin America(3)	100.000	174.0	176.2	14.6	1.3	2.4	1.2	1.3
Nonmanufacturing	18.163	378.7	393.3	47.2	4.5	8.0	2.9	3.9
Manufacturing	81.573	136.8	137.7	9.2	0.7	1.3	0.9	0.7
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	143.3	144.6	9.8	1.1	1.4	0.8	0.9
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	12.278	202.3	208.4	43.2	7.2	8.4	4.7	3.0
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	87.460	95.5	96.1	6.3	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.6
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	105.4	105.6	5.4	0.3	1.0	0.3	0.2
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	105.1	105.2	4.6	0.3	0.6	0.3	0.1
Japan	100.000	100.2	100.1	1.7	0.2	0.5	0.3	-0.1
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	110.9	111.8	9.3	0.8	1.1	0.3	0.8
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	99.9	101.3	11.6	1.0	2.5	0.1	1.4
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	104.9	106.1	6.5	0.9	1.3	0.7	1.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	266.1	274.7	45.0	4.0	12.3	3.5	3.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: May 2021 to May 2022 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Apr. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Apr. 2022	May 2022	Annual	Monthly
				May 2021 to May 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	125.4	127.4	15.5	2.2	3.7	0.9	1.6
Nonmanufacturing	17.527	179.3	190.3	54.7	8.5	12.0	0.1	6.1
Manufacturing	80.740	118.4	119.2	9.7	1.1	1.9	1.1	0.7
Canada	100.000	130.6	132.9	16.7	2.3	3.1	1.1	1.8
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	13.236	181.4	193.9	51.1	10.2	8.6	0.8	6.9
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	85.308	118.5	119.8	12.8	1.1	2.3	1.2	1.1
European Union	100.000	122.8	125.0	13.2	1.6	4.6	-0.3	1.8
Nonmanufacturing	21.962	175.2	182.8	53.5	6.6	15.4	-1.7	4.3
Manufacturing	76.362	113.2	114.5	5.8	0.3	1.9	0.0	1.1
Germany	100.000	113.1	113.9	4.4	0.7	1.7	0.7	0.7
Latin America(3)	100.000	139.6	148.9	26.2	4.4	5.5	0.4	6.7
Nonmanufacturing	13.009	218.8	248.1	59.7	11.0	2.7	3.5	13.4
Manufacturing	86.467	132.9	140.5	22.2	3.5	6.0	-0.1	5.7
Mexico	100.000	137.2	143.9	19.2	4.1	3.6	1.2	4.9
Nonmanufacturing	11.252	203.0	240.6	61.6	20.5	-2.9	8.8	18.5
Manufacturing	88.348	132.4	136.7	15.1	2.4	4.3	0.3	3.2
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	123.4	125.2	14.8	2.4	3.6	0.2	1.5
Nonmanufacturing	27.773	160.3	166.9	40.6	6.1	10.3	-2.2	4.1
Manufacturing	69.823	113.8	114.6	8.0	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.7
China	100.000	122.0	124.5	15.1	2.8	5.1	-0.4	2.0
Nonmanufacturing	36.940	146.8	155.1	28.5	8.3	13.0	-3.2	5.7
Manufacturing	61.344	113.2	113.5	6.0	0.0	0.6	1.3	0.3
Japan	100.000	127.6	130.8	17.8	2.7	5.0	0.5	2.5
Nonmanufacturing	33.124	177.5	187.3	44.3	7.2	14.9	-2.7	5.5
Manufacturing	65.226	111.5	112.6	9.0	0.4	0.2	2.4	1.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: May 2021 to May 2022(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Apr. 2022	May 2022	Annual	Monthly
			May 2021 to May 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	98.3	99.1	2.1	-0.6	-0.5	0.6	0.8
Canada	81.4	80.3	-9.6	-2.6	-4.9	0.7	-1.4
European Union	108.4	110.0	7.2	0.2	3.2	-0.6	1.5
Germany	106.1	107.5	1.0	-0.2	1.0	0.3	1.3
Latin America(3)	119.5	125.8	10.1	3.1	3.0	-0.7	5.3
Mexico	123.5	128.4	8.6	3.0	2.2	0.4	4.0
Pacific Rim(4)	115.2	116.7	9.0	2.1	2.7	-0.1	1.3
China	116.2	118.5	10.0	2.5	4.5	-0.7	2.0
Japan	121.6	124.8	15.9	2.6	4.4	0.2	2.6
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: May 2021 to May 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Apr. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Apr. 2022	May 2022	Annual	Monthly
				May 2021 to May 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	342.8	356.4	5.0	-8.8	2.7	-4.6	4.0
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.388	321.9	321.0	28.7	1.2	3.5	5.7	-0.3
Asia	71.357	326.3	344.8	-2.8	-11.7	2.4	-8.2	5.7
Export Air Freight	100.000	208.1	212.9	26.8	6.3	4.6	0.7	2.3
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	28.609	173.9	180.2	23.2	9.0	-2.6	5.4	3.6
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	50.107	163.2	163.6	32.5	6.9	10.6	-2.5	0.2
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	260.4	267.4	4.1	-8.5	0.4	-4.2	2.7
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.513	215.0	216.3	24.1	1.4	7.0	-1.7	0.6
Asia	65.134	257.5	269.5	0.4	-11.4	-1.2	-5.9	4.7
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	222.7	218.7	46.6	-8.0	3.2	5.2	-1.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	29.353	208.9	210.2	29.0	13.6	-5.3	14.9	0.6
Asia	54.539	250.1	236.9	69.7	-18.9	8.7	2.2	-5.3
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	168.1	173.5	12.2	6.1	8.6	3.6	3.2
Europe	38.064	185.2	195.7	34.2	2.8	9.3	2.2	5.7
Asia	21.235	183.1	198.1	7.5	19.4	7.9	8.4	8.2
Latin America/Caribbean	12.384	133.6	126.0	8.6	3.6	13.4	7.3	-5.7
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	175.8	180.4	14.6	-11.2	7.0	0.1	2.6
Europe	26.195	205.8	214.6	14.9	-5.8	7.4	-0.7	4.3
Asia	23.006	186.2	199.7	20.8	2.2	2.3	-14.5	7.3
Latin America/Caribbean	31.860	169.6	170.9	23.1	-26.1	12.0	12.5	0.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 
telecommunications relay services.