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Economic News Release
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U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until				    USDL-23-1304
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, June 15, 2023

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                          U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - MAY 2023

U.S. import prices decreased 0.6 percent in May, after increasing 0.3 percent the previous month, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower fuel and nonfuel prices each contributed to the May 
decline. Prices for U.S. exports fell 1.9 percent in May following a revised 0.1-percent drop in April.

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports declined 0.6 percent in May, resuming the trend of monthly decreases in 
2023 following a 0.3-percent increase in April. U.S. import prices fell 5.9 percent for the year ended in May, 
the largest 12-month drop since the index declined 6.3 percent from May 2019 to May 2020. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices fell 6.4 percent in May following a 4.1-percent increase in April. Lower 
petroleum and natural gas prices contributed to the May decline which was the largest 1-month drop since 
August 2022. Prices for import fuel decreased 35.2 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-
year decline since the index fell 37.5 percent from June 2019 to June 2020. The price index for petroleum 
fell 5.9 percent in May, after rising 5.4 percent the previous month. Import petroleum prices declined 34.1 
percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since June 2020. Prices for natural gas decreased 26.1 
percent in May, after an 18.9-percent drop in April. Import natural gas prices fell 67.9 percent over the past 
12 months, the largest over-the-year decline since the index fell 68.6 percent for the year ended July 2009.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports edged down 0.1 percent in May, after being 
unchanged the previous month. Lower prices in May for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials and foods, 
feeds, and beverages more than offset higher prices for automotive vehicles and capital goods. Nonfuel 
import prices declined 1.6 percent over the past year. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for foods, feeds, and beverages decreased 1.1 percent in 
May, after being unchanged in April. The May decline was the largest 1-month drop since a 1.5-percent 
decrease in August 2022. Lower fruit prices drove the decline in May and more than offset higher vegetable 
prices. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 0.4 percent 
in May following a 0.1-percent decline the previous month. Lower prices for agricultural products used for 
industrial supplies and materials and chemicals led the decrease in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
prices. 

Finished Goods: Import prices for the major finished goods categories were mostly up in May. The price 
index for automotive vehicles rose 0.4 percent, after ticking up 0.1 percent in April. Higher automotive parts 
prices drove the May advance. Prices for capital goods ticked up 0.1 percent in May following a 0.1-percent 
decrease the previous month. Higher prices for industrial and service machinery led the advance in May. 
Consumer goods prices were unchanged in May, after rising 0.1 percent in April. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
Month IMPORTS EXPORTS
All
imports
Fuel
imports
Nonfuel
imports
All
exports
Agri-
cultural
exports
Non-
agricultural
exports

2022

May

0.5 6.1 -0.3 2.7 2.4 2.7

June

0.2 5.6 -0.6 1.1 0.0 1.2

July

-1.4 -6.9 -0.5 -3.7 -3.2 -3.8

August

-1.2 -8.6 -0.2 -1.4 -0.5 -1.4

September

-1.0 -6.3 -0.3 -0.9 -0.8 -0.9

October

-0.3 -2.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5

November

-0.8 -3.9 -0.3 -0.4 2.8 -0.9

December

0.1 -2.3 0.4 -3.0 -2.4 -3.1

2023

January

-0.4 -4.8 0.2 0.2 -0.8 0.3

February

(r)-0.2 -5.6 (r)0.4 0.4 0.8 0.3

March

-0.8 (r)-4.4 -0.5 (r)-0.4 (r)-1.8 (r)-0.2

April

(r)0.3 (r)4.1 0.0 (r)-0.1 0.4 (r)-0.1

May

-0.6 -6.4 -0.1 -1.9 -2.1 -1.8

May 2021 to 2022

11.6 72.0 5.9 18.6 16.9 18.9

May 2022 to 2023

-5.9 -35.2 -1.6 -10.1 -8.1 -10.5

Footnotes
(r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports declined 1.9 percent in May, the largest monthly drop since December 2022. Lower 
prices for nonagricultural exports and agricultural exports in May each contributed to the overall decrease. 
U.S. export prices fell 10.1 percent for the year ended in May, the largest 12-month decline since the 12-
month percent change series was first published in September 1984. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices decreased 2.1 percent in May, after advancing 0.4 percent 
in April. The May decline was the largest monthly drop since December 2022. Lower prices for corn, 
soybeans, and wheat in May more than offset higher meat and fruit prices. Prices for agricultural exports fell 
8.1 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year decline since a 9.1-percent drop in April 2016.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports fell 1.8 percent in May 
following a 0.1-percent drop the previous month. The May decrease was the largest 1-month decline since 
December 2022. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials and nonagricultural 
foods more than offset higher prices for capital goods, consumer goods, and automotive vehicles. 
Nonagricultural export prices decreased 10.5 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since the 
12-month percent change series was first published in March 1986. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
decreased 4.5 percent in May following a 0.5-percent drop the previous month. The May decline was the 
largest monthly drop since December 2022. The May decrease was led by a 10.1-percent drop in export fuel 
prices.

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods export categories were up in May. Capital 
goods prices advanced 0.1 percent, after increasing 0.2 percent in April. The price index for capital goods 
has not recorded a monthly decline since November 2022. Consumer goods prices advanced 0.2 percent in 
May following 0.3-percent increases in each of the previous 2 months. The May advance in consumer goods 
prices was driven by higher prices for medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical materials. Prices for 
automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent in May, after declining 0.3 percent in April. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.


Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China fell 0.2 percent in May, after declining 0.5 
percent the previous month. Import prices from China have not recorded a monthly advance since October 
2022. The price index for imports from China decreased 2.0 percent for the year ended in May. Prices for 
imports from Japan declined 0.2 percent in May following a 0.5-percent increase in April. Import prices 
from Japan rose on a 12-month basis, advancing 0.6 percent from May 2022 to May 2023. The price index 
for imports from Canada fell 2.9 percent in May, after advancing 0.5 percent the previous month. Prices for 
imports from Canada declined 22.4 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since a 26.0-
percent decrease in May 2020. Import prices from Mexico edged down 0.1 percent in May following a 0.6-
percent advance in April. In contrast, the price index for imports from the European Union rose 0.3 percent 
in May, after increasing 0.5 percent the previous month. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: The price index for exports to China fell 2.1 percent in May, after 
declining 0.3 percent in April and 0.4 percent in March. Export prices to China fell 11.5 percent over the 
past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the 12-month percent change series was first published 
in December 2018. Prices for exports to Japan fell 2.2 percent in May following a 0.8-percent drop the 
previous month. Export prices to Japan declined 12.9 percent for the year ended in May, the largest 12-
month drop since the 12-month percent change series was first published in December 2018. The price 
index for exports to Canada decreased 0.9 percent in May, after declining 0.5 percent in April. Prices for 
exports to Mexico and the European Union also fell in May, decreasing 2.0 percent and 1.9 percent, 
respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China declined 
1.9 percent in May, the first monthly decrease since December 2022. Lower export prices to China in May 
more than offset lower import prices from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China fell 9.8 
percent over the past year. U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 2.0 percent in May and 13.3 percent 
over the past 12 months. The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with Mexico and the European Union also fell 
in May, declining 1.9 percent and 2.2 percent, respectively. In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Canada 
rose 2.2 percent in May and increased 23.9 percent from May 2022 to May 2023. (See table 9.)


Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 8.0 percent in May following a 5.4-percent decline in April. The 
May increase was the largest monthly rise since June 2022 and was primarily led by higher European fares. 
Import air passenger fares increased 6.3 percent over the past year. Prices for import air freight decreased 
4.5 percent in May, after rising 2.3 percent in April. The May drop was driven by lower Asian air freight 
prices. Import air freight prices declined 37.7 percent for the year ended in May, the largest over-the-year 
drop since the 12-month percent change series was first published in September 1991. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 5.5 percent in May following a 0.6-percent increase the 
previous month. The May decline was led by lower Latin American/Caribbean fares which more than offset 
higher European and Asian fares. The index for export air passenger fares rose 0.4 percent over the past 
year, the smallest 12-month advance since the most recent decline in November 2021. Export air freight 
prices fell 3.2 percent in May, after a 0.8-percent drop in April. Prices for export air freight decreased 15.4 
percent over the past year, the largest 12-month decline since the index fell 15.7 percent in September 2009.

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for June 2023 are scheduled for release on Friday, July 14, 
2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2022 to May 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Apr.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Apr.
2023
May
2023
Annual Monthly
May
2022
to
May
2023
Jan.
2023
to
Feb.
2023
Feb.
2023
to
Mar.
2023
Mar.
2023
to
Apr.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023

All commodities

  100.000 140.3 139.4 -5.9 -0.2 -0.8 0.3 -0.6

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  83.782 108.5 108.6 -1.7 0.3 -0.4 -0.1 0.1

All imports excluding petroleum

  91.467 124.1 123.9 -2.2 -0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2

All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  90.916 128.0 127.9 -1.6 0.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

7.134 212.8 210.5 -0.5 1.3 -0.9 0.0 -1.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

5.679 234.4 231.9 1.4 1.3 -1.3 0.5 -1.1

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

1.456 162.2 160.4 -7.4 1.4 0.6 -1.8 -1.1

Industrial supplies & materials

1

24.934 247.3 240.9 -20.4 -2.0 -2.5 1.4 -2.6

Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum

  16.518 206.5 204.5 -12.4 -3.4 -2.4 -0.7 -1.0

Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  15.865 231.0 230.0 -9.9 0.2 -1.5 -0.1 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  10.038 225.5 225.2 -10.0 1.6 -1.4 -0.3 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum

  6.364 184.5 180.4 -14.9 -10.1 -3.9 -1.3 -2.2

Fuels & lubricants

10

9.084 282.8 264.6 -35.2 -5.6 -4.4 4.1 -6.4

Petroleum & petroleum products

100

8.533 303.3 285.3 -34.1 0.0 -3.1 5.4 -5.9

Crude petroleum

10000

5.278 304.7 286.8 -35.8 -0.1 -1.7 7.1 -5.9

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas

101

0.418 173.3 140.2 -58.8 -45.4 -23.1 -15.7 -19.1

Natural gas

10110

0.310 149.3 110.4 -67.9 -49.9 -28.8 -18.9 -26.1

Paper & paper base stocks

11

0.520 138.7 139.5 5.8 -1.7 -2.2 -3.4 0.6

Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials

12

5.293 201.2 199.2 -10.6 -2.4 -1.5 0.4 -1.0

Selected building materials

13

1.706 186.6 185.8 -20.7 2.4 -0.2 -3.2 -0.4

Unfinished metals related to durable goods

14

4.155 342.6 342.5 -14.2 2.2 -3.0 0.4 0.0

Finished metals related to durable goods

15

2.352 218.9 218.6 -0.5 0.2 -0.8 1.4 -0.1

Nonmetals related to durable goods

16

1.825 128.0 127.7 -0.3 1.5 0.3 -1.2 -0.2

Capital goods

2

27.763 93.6 93.7 0.9 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Electric generating equipment

20

3.733 129.4 129.7 0.8 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.2

Nonelectrical machinery

21

22.633 84.6 84.6 0.5 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

1.396 152.5 152.9 6.8 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.3

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

12.762 117.6 118.1 1.9 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.4

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

27.407 110.3 110.3 -0.1 0.5 -0.3 0.1 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured

40

12.798 125.4 125.5 0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.1

Durables, manufactured

41

13.609 95.6 95.5 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods

42

1.001 129.4 129.5 -4.2 4.4 -4.4 1.1 0.1

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2022 to May 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Apr.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Apr.
2023
May
2023
Annual Monthly
May
2022
to
May
2023
Jan.
2023
to
Feb.
2023
Feb.
2023
to
Mar.
2023
Mar.
2023
to
Apr.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023

All commodities

  100.000 151.0 148.2 -10.1 0.4 -0.4 -0.1 -1.9

Agricultural commodities

  11.095 249.1 243.8 -8.1 0.8 -1.8 0.4 -2.1

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  72.965 115.1 115.2 -0.9 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.1

All exports excluding fuels (June 2022=100)

  83.183 100.2 100.0 - 0.7 -0.1 0.2 -0.2

Nonagricultural commodities

  88.905 143.5 140.9 -10.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -1.8

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

10.218 251.7 246.4 -8.0 0.8 -2.0 0.4 -2.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

9.815 254.1 248.6 -7.5 0.9 -1.9 0.6 -2.2

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

0.403 207.3 205.0 -17.5 -0.9 -2.7 -3.6 -1.1

Industrial supplies & materials

1

38.705 206.4 197.4 -22.8 0.1 -0.8 -0.5 -4.4

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  11.038 217.1 216.3 -5.8 1.0 -0.9 1.3 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable

  27.667 199.5 187.5 -28.0 -0.2 -0.7 -1.2 -6.0

Agricultural industrial supplies & materials

10

1.280 225.7 221.7 -11.7 0.0 -1.2 -0.7 -1.8

Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials

  37.424 205.9 196.6 -23.2 0.1 -0.8 -0.5 -4.5

Fuels & lubricants

11

16.817 251.9 226.4 -37.4 -1.1 -1.1 -1.3 -10.1

Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials

12

19.797 198.9 199.1 -7.3 1.2 -0.5 0.2 0.1

Selected building materials

13

0.810 150.8 151.6 -11.7 0.7 0.7 -0.8 0.5

Capital goods

2

30.369 121.1 121.2 2.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1

Electrical generating equipment

20

3.399 137.6 137.7 4.8 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery

21

22.247 101.5 101.6 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

4.724 207.2 207.5 6.1 1.5 0.5 0.8 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

8.061 123.6 123.7 2.7 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

12.647 119.4 119.6 2.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.2

Nondurables, manufactured

40

6.680 110.7 110.9 0.5 0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.2

Durables, manufactured

41

4.711 119.2 119.4 5.3 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)

42

1.256 131.6 131.5 4.1 3.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2022 to May 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Apr.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Apr.
2023
May
2023
Annual Monthly
May
2022
to
May
2023
Jan.
2023
to
Feb.
2023
Feb.
2023
to
Mar.
2023
Mar.
2023
to
Apr.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023

Nonmanufacturing

  8.289 147.8 139.0 -30.0 -4.5 -4.1 4.5 -6.0

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

2.172 216.5 211.3 -4.0 3.6 -4.4 0.1 -2.4

Crop production

111

1.718 222.6 219.1 -4.8 2.3 -5.4 -0.5 -1.6

Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)

112

0.275 117.0 110.1 - 13.7 -3.3 3.5 -5.9

Mining

21

6.117 143.2 132.9 -36.3 -7.2 -4.0 6.0 -7.2

Oil and gas extraction

211

5.739 139.1 129.6 -38.2 -8.1 -4.2 5.0 -6.8

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2022=100)

212

0.377 151.7 132.6 - 14.8 -0.2 24.3 -12.6

Manufacturing

  91.330 122.7 122.5 -2.8 0.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 1

31

11.465 139.8 139.7 1.1 0.4 -0.2 0.7 -0.1

Food manufacturing

311

4.302 191.4 190.6 1.5 1.1 -0.3 1.5 -0.4

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

1.172 139.7 140.0 4.2 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.2

Apparel manufacturing

315

3.215 119.5 119.6 2.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.1

Leather and allied product manufacturing

316

1.357 125.9 126.2 -1.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.2

Manufacturing, part 2

32

19.962 144.0 142.7 -10.4 -0.4 -1.3 0.1 -0.9

Paper manufacturing

322

0.964 122.5 122.7 2.2 -0.9 -1.3 -1.7 0.2

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

3.060 141.9 132.9 -28.9 -0.1 -5.2 3.1 -6.3

Chemical manufacturing

325

11.170 151.9 151.7 -6.3 -1.2 -0.8 -0.1 -0.1

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.632 133.7 134.8 1.7 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.8

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

1.058 144.1 144.9 2.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.6

Manufacturing, part 3

33

59.903 113.0 113.1 -0.7 0.4 -0.4 0.0 0.1

Primary metal manufacturing

331

4.949 231.2 231.4 -9.8 1.7 -3.0 0.4 0.1

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

332

3.331 149.8 149.4 -2.7 -0.3 0.1 0.3 -0.3

Machinery manufacturing

333

7.682 131.4 131.8 3.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

16.785 73.1 72.9 -1.5 0.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

5.956 127.5 127.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

12.973 116.7 117.1 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

Furniture and related product manufacturing

337

2.004 128.8 129.2 1.9 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

6.223 127.9 128.4 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2022 to May 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Apr.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Apr.
2023
May
2023
Annual Monthly
May
2022
to
May
2023
Jan.
2023
to
Feb.
2023
Feb.
2023
to
Mar.
2023
Mar.
2023
to
Apr.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023

Nonmanufacturing

  15.271 185.2 171.1 -31.3 -0.8 -2.6 -0.2 -7.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

5.652 217.0 209.0 -15.7 1.3 -3.0 0.2 -3.7

Crop production

111

5.336 230.8 222.3 -15.7 1.3 -3.1 0.3 -3.7

Mining

21

9.619 112.0 100.9 -38.7 -1.9 -2.5 -0.4 -9.9

Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)

211

8.072 97.0 86.7 -41.3 -2.4 -3.3 -0.8 -10.6

Mining (except oil and gas)

212

1.547 159.9 150.1 -20.6 1.3 2.1 2.2 -6.1

Manufacturing

  83.013 135.2 134.0 -5.2 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.9

Manufacturing, part 1

31

6.943 175.8 174.7 -2.2 0.3 -0.8 0.2 -0.6

Food manufacturing

311

5.128 207.0 205.6 -2.8 0.2 -1.1 0.2 -0.7

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

0.548 150.4 148.4 2.9 2.7 0.0 0.7 -1.3

Manufacturing, part 2

32

26.420 140.0 136.2 -16.2 0.4 0.4 -0.8 -2.7

Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)

321

0.417 120.3 122.6 -14.6 0.5 1.6 0.3 1.9

Paper manufacturing

322

1.591 150.5 147.0 0.8 -0.2 -2.4 -3.1 -2.3

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

6.932 160.9 143.3 -37.6 0.1 0.9 -2.2 -10.9

Chemical manufacturing

325

14.302 135.2 135.9 -6.3 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.5

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.240 132.9 133.4 3.0 -0.6 0.2 -0.4 0.4

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

0.748 130.7 130.7 -3.2 0.8 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Manufacturing, part 3

33

49.650 128.9 128.9 1.5 0.6 -0.1 0.4 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing

331

4.368 209.7 208.7 -9.5 1.9 -3.1 3.0 -0.5

Machinery manufacturing

333

9.369 149.0 149.2 5.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.1

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

12.694 83.6 83.6 -1.5 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

3.519 135.5 135.6 4.8 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

11.852 142.6 142.7 4.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

4.856 138.1 138.7 4.8 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.4

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2022 to May 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
importance
Apr.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Apr.
2023
May
2023
Annual Monthly
May
2022
to
May
2023
Jan.
2023
to
Feb.
2023
Feb.
2023
to
Mar.
2023
Mar.
2023
to
Apr.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023

Live animals; animal products

I

1.593 240.8 235.8 -4.0 4.7 -0.3 1.5 -2.1

Meat and edible meat offal

02

0.396 315.3 321.1 -6.6 0.5 1.0 4.9 1.8

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates

03

0.826 159.9 156.6 -10.1 2.4 1.0 -3.1 -2.1

Vegetable products

II

2.201 253.6 249.2 -1.8 1.8 -3.7 0.8 -1.7

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers

07

0.502 451.5 472.1 6.6 -6.8 -1.8 -3.4 4.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

0.805 128.2 121.1 -6.6 4.7 -4.2 1.8 -5.5

Coffee, tea, mate and spices

09

0.393 304.9 306.1 -3.7 1.8 0.4 -0.3 0.4

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)

III

0.384 148.2 146.3 -7.3 -2.5 -2.9 1.2 -1.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

3.358 195.0 195.2 5.1 0.6 0.6 -0.1 0.1

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)

17

0.212 113.8 114.5 10.0 1.9 0.8 1.0 0.6

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)

18

0.245 121.8 118.3 15.6 0.0 2.1 5.3 -2.9

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2022=100)

21

0.382 95.4 95.4 - 0.0 0.0 -4.6 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar

22

1.106 153.4 153.8 3.9 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.3

Mineral products

V

9.297 293.4 273.0 -34.4 -5.0 -4.4 5.0 -7.0

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

8.847 283.0 263.8 -35.9 -5.6 -4.6 4.4 -6.8

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

10.608 173.1 173.3 -3.5 -0.3 -1.0 -0.2 0.1

Inorganic chemicals

28

0.627 518.6 519.1 -6.2 -2.3 -3.0 -1.1 0.1

Organic chemicals

29

2.403 146.1 146.4 -3.7 0.1 -1.3 -0.2 0.2

Pharmaceutical products

30

5.254 148.3 148.3 -0.4 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.0

Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100)

31

0.375 70.4 68.1 - -15.7 -9.9 -5.8 -3.3

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)

32

0.202 100.7 102.9 - 2.5 -1.1 -1.4 2.2

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

0.836 121.6 122.8 4.1 0.7 -0.9 -0.2 1.0

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

4.160 158.5 158.5 -2.1 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.0

Plastics and articles thereof

39

2.721 158.9 158.2 -4.4 0.0 1.1 0.3 -0.4

Rubber and articles thereof

40

1.439 161.0 162.2 2.8 1.3 0.0 0.6 0.7

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

0.954 127.7 128.0 0.5 -0.8 -1.1 -2.8 0.2

Textile and textile articles

XI

4.427 121.0 121.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted

62

1.216 127.7 127.5 1.4 -0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.2

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.

XII

1.190 125.7 126.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.3

Footwear and parts of such articles

64

0.941 122.3 122.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 0.4

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.928 137.1 137.9 2.6 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.6

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)

68

0.343 102.8 102.9 1.9 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)

70

0.322 106.3 107.1 5.2 0.9 0.7 1.9 0.8

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

3.319 234.1 238.1 -0.8 0.6 -4.4 2.6 1.7

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

6.357 238.1 235.9 -10.0 1.1 -0.2 -0.7 -0.9

Articles of iron or steel

73

1.890 207.6 206.2 -3.0 0.3 0.4 0.1 -0.7

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.550 388.8 378.0 -7.3 4.7 -0.3 -1.4 -2.8

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

1.068 192.1 186.9 -16.3 2.4 -2.7 -0.6 -2.7

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof

82

0.444 132.1 131.7 0.8 0.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.3

Miscellaneous articles of base metal

83

0.547 148.8 148.3 -2.4 -0.7 -0.1 -1.3 -0.3

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

29.872 82.7 82.7 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

15.201 89.6 89.7 0.4 0.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts

85

14.671 76.3 76.2 -0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

10.801 121.3 121.7 2.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.3

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

10.176 120.3 120.7 1.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.3

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)

88

0.514 108.4 108.4 5.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

4.128 107.8 108.1 2.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments

90

3.844 103.6 103.8 2.2 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

4.828 120.2 120.1 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs

94

2.751 127.8 127.6 1.0 0.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

1.778 106.3 106.3 1.3 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

96

0.300 147.3 147.3 9.2 5.2 0.2 0.4 0.0

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2022 to May 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
import-
ance
Apr.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Apr.
2023
May
2023
Annual Monthly
May
2022
to
May
2023
Jan.
2023
to
Feb.
2023
Feb.
2023
to
Mar.
2023
Mar.
2023
to
Apr.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023

Live animals; animal products

I

2.073 264.0 262.5 -11.0 -1.3 -1.9 -0.3 -0.6

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)

02

1.255 215.2 218.6 -7.4 -1.4 1.8 1.7 1.6

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100)

03

0.250 88.8 87.2 - -1.3 -4.4 -5.3 -1.8

Vegetable products

II

5.425 289.2 277.7 -13.0 2.1 -2.9 0.6 -4.0

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

0.825 138.9 143.7 -1.3 -0.3 0.6 0.8 3.5

Cereals

10

1.991 325.8 302.8 -21.7 1.2 -4.7 1.4 -7.1

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder

12

2.094 309.3 298.2 -12.0 1.2 -2.5 -0.6 -3.6

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

3.038 189.4 189.0 3.1 0.3 -0.4 0.6 -0.2

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)

21

0.667 117.2 117.7 9.3 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.4

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)

22

0.467 109.3 109.5 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.2

Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed

23

0.811 322.8 318.2 -5.7 0.9 -3.1 1.8 -1.4

Mineral products

V

16.598 302.0 270.8 -38.1 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -10.3

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)

26

0.543 146.3 142.6 -9.2 3.2 0.1 2.2 -2.5

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

15.837 288.8 257.7 -39.3 -1.3 -1.2 -1.2 -10.8

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

12.760 163.5 165.3 -0.5 1.0 -0.1 -0.2 1.1

Pharmaceutical products

30

4.346 107.9 108.3 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.4

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations

33

0.854 149.3 149.6 6.7 1.1 -0.1 1.4 0.2

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes

34

0.465 136.3 136.3 3.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

2.253 192.3 193.2 2.4 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.5

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

4.565 159.9 159.6 -10.0 0.1 0.9 -0.3 -0.2

Plastics and articles thereof

39

3.781 157.6 157.2 -11.7 0.1 1.0 -0.3 -0.3

Rubber and articles thereof

40

0.784 168.6 168.9 1.4 0.2 0.2 -0.3 0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)

IX

0.488 113.0 114.4 -19.0 0.4 1.5 -1.2 1.2

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

1.725 148.8 145.0 -4.7 1.2 -2.9 -3.0 -2.6

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)

47

0.515 156.1 145.8 -17.3 3.9 -1.3 -12.0 -6.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard

48

0.974 148.7 146.9 2.4 -0.4 -4.6 1.8 -1.2

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof

52

0.512 161.4 159.2 -26.0 -1.7 -3.8 -1.9 -1.4

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.730 146.2 146.2 -0.5 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)

70

0.447 110.9 110.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

4.681 324.6 325.5 -4.2 1.2 -3.1 3.2 0.3

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

4.537 214.5 212.5 -5.8 1.8 0.9 -0.1 -0.9

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.602 271.2 263.4 -6.7 7.5 -4.9 1.3 -2.9

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

0.679 148.2 147.7 -10.5 1.5 -0.3 -1.3 -0.3

Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec. 2022=100)

83

0.313 101.4 101.4 - -1.5 2.7 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

25.562 106.4 106.5 2.4 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

14.790 129.5 129.7 4.0 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof

85

10.772 82.1 82.2 0.4 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

8.946 150.0 150.2 2.5 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

6.740 124.8 124.9 1.4 -0.2 0.1 -0.4 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

5.516 116.9 117.0 2.6 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

1.200 136.7 136.7 6.2 0.2 -0.3 0.4 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi

94

0.573 149.9 149.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.8 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

0.483 117.9 118.3 18.8 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: May 2022 to May 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Apr.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Apr.
2023
May
2023
Annual Monthly
May
2022
to
May
2023
Jan.
2023
to
Feb.
2023
Feb.
2023
to
Mar.
2023
Mar.
2023
to
Apr.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 145.0 143.8 -8.4 -1.2 -0.8 0.8 -0.8

Nonmanufacturing

10.879 244.9 227.7 -37.7 -9.7 -2.3 4.8 -7.0

Manufacturing

88.545 136.8 136.7 -2.7 -0.1 -0.6 0.3 -0.1

Canada

100.000 173.2 168.1 -22.4 -4.0 -1.1 0.5 -2.9

Nonmanufacturing

30.701 240.7 223.2 -39.0 -10.6 -2.3 5.0 -7.3

Manufacturing

68.246 158.6 156.9 -12.0 -0.9 -0.8 -1.3 -1.1

European Union

100.000 155.3 155.8 1.6 0.5 -0.4 0.5 0.3

Manufacturing

99.142 151.0 151.6 2.2 0.5 -0.4 0.5 0.4

France (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 150.7 150.9 5.7 0.8 0.0 3.1 0.1

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 124.6 125.3 2.1 0.2 -1.0 -0.3 0.6

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 137.6 136.9 -0.9 -1.0 -0.9 2.2 -0.5

Latin America(3)

100.000 169.6 168.2 -4.5 0.4 -0.1 0.4 -0.8

Nonmanufacturing

13.760 317.0 303.5 -22.6 0.8 -3.4 2.9 -4.3

Manufacturing

85.937 137.6 137.3 -0.4 0.4 0.5 -0.1 -0.2

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 142.4 142.3 -1.5 0.1 -0.2 0.6 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

8.215 154.6 153.9 -25.0 0.7 -2.8 4.3 -0.5

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

91.485 98.0 98.1 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)

100.000 103.2 103.2 -2.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 0.0

China (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 102.7 102.5 -2.0 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2

Japan

100.000 101.1 100.9 0.6 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 -0.2

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)

100.000 110.7 109.5 -2.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.4 -1.1

Asian NICs(5)

100.000 95.9 95.0 -6.3 0.1 -0.4 -0.8 -0.9

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)

100.000 103.2 102.1 -3.7 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -1.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)

100.000 219.9 212.8 -21.5 -0.5 -1.7 1.6 -3.2

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
(5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.
(6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
(7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: May 2022 to May 2023 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Apr.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Apr.
2023
May
2023
Annual Monthly
May
2022
to
May
2023
Jan.
2023
to
Feb.
2023
Feb.
2023
to
Mar.
2023
Mar.
2023
to
Apr.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 120.7 119.5 -6.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 -1.0

Nonmanufacturing

13.029 144.6 135.0 -28.8 1.2 -0.9 0.1 -6.6

Manufacturing

85.145 118.1 117.8 -1.2 0.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.3

Canada

100.000 128.6 127.5 -3.9 0.2 0.4 -0.5 -0.9

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)

7.723 136.1 128.2 -33.2 -0.1 -2.0 1.6 -5.8

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)

90.529 120.2 119.7 0.0 0.2 0.7 -0.9 -0.4

European Union

100.000 118.5 116.2 -7.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 -1.9

Nonmanufacturing

16.170 144.9 129.4 -29.0 1.1 -0.8 4.7 -10.7

Manufacturing

81.998 113.8 113.4 -1.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 -0.4

Germany

100.000 116.8 116.5 2.0 -0.2 0.0 1.1 -0.3

Latin America(3)

100.000 125.6 122.3 -18.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -2.6

Nonmanufacturing

9.373 145.2 134.1 -46.7 -8.5 -1.9 -3.7 -7.6

Manufacturing

89.993 124.3 121.7 -13.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -2.1

Mexico

100.000 125.3 122.8 -14.7 -0.9 0.2 -0.3 -2.0

Nonmanufacturing

8.028 123.5 115.6 -52.3 -13.9 -0.3 -5.9 -6.4

Manufacturing

91.346 126.4 124.4 -8.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 -1.6

Pacific Rim(4)

100.000 116.6 114.3 -8.8 1.2 -0.7 0.3 -2.0

Nonmanufacturing

22.442 131.8 122.4 -26.8 3.4 -2.7 1.5 -7.1

Manufacturing

76.333 114.4 113.8 -0.7 0.9 -0.1 0.0 -0.5

China

100.000 112.1 109.8 -11.5 1.7 -0.4 -0.3 -2.1

Nonmanufacturing

29.195 120.0 112.8 -26.8 4.1 -1.8 1.4 -6.0

Manufacturing

69.693 111.5 111.1 -2.0 0.7 0.3 -0.9 -0.4

Japan

100.000 116.5 113.9 -12.9 1.1 -1.1 -0.8 -2.2

Nonmanufacturing

26.947 140.8 130.1 -30.5 4.2 -1.8 -1.0 -7.6

Manufacturing

71.819 109.7 109.3 -2.8 0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.4

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: May 2022 to May 2023(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Index Percent change
Apr.
2023
May
2023
Annual Monthly
May
2022
to
May
2023
Jan.
2023
to
Feb.
2023
Feb.
2023
to
Mar.
2023
Mar.
2023
to
Apr.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023

Industrialized Countries(2)

101.9 101.7 2.5 1.7 0.9 -0.8 -0.2

Canada

97.6 99.7 23.9 4.4 1.5 -1.0 2.2

European Union

102.7 100.4 -8.5 -0.5 0.4 0.7 -2.2

Germany

107.9 107.0 -0.1 -0.4 1.0 1.4 -0.8

Latin America(3)

110.3 108.3 -14.2 -1.0 -0.4 -0.9 -1.8

Mexico

113.5 111.3 -13.4 -1.0 0.4 -1.0 -1.9

Pacific Rim(4)

111.2 109.0 -6.8 1.3 -0.3 0.7 -2.0

China

109.3 107.2 -9.8 1.8 0.0 0.3 -1.9

Japan

110.0 107.8 -13.3 1.3 -0.7 -1.3 -2.0

Footnotes
(1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: May 2022 to May 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Apr.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Apr.
2023
May
2023
Annual Monthly
May
2022
to
May
2023
Jan.
2023
to
Feb.
2023
Feb.
2023
to
Mar.
2023
Mar.
2023
to
Apr.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023

Air Freight

Import Air Freight

100.000 238.1 227.4 -37.7 -4.6 -2.8 2.3 -4.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

28.235 219.9 225.3 -35.9 -0.6 -5.0 -14.6 2.5

Asia

71.294 225.8 209.0 -39.2 -6.4 -2.0 11.1 -7.4

Export Air Freight

100.000 187.7 181.6 -15.4 2.6 -6.8 -0.8 -3.2

Europe (Dec. 2006=100)

24.914 145.0 139.8 -22.5 -5.7 -1.5 -2.8 -3.6

Asia (Dec. 2011=100)

53.092 147.7 142.1 -14.5 5.9 -8.7 -0.5 -3.8

Inbound Air Freight

100.000 169.5 167.5 -38.2 -4.2 -4.9 -1.2 -1.2

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

29.287 159.5 163.8 -28.7 -1.9 -2.7 -10.8 2.7

Asia

58.372 151.6 147.1 -45.4 -5.2 -7.3 4.3 -3.0

Outbound Air Freight

100.000 184.5 176.4 -19.7 9.4 -7.6 -5.8 -4.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

28.305 174.7 170.8 -18.7 1.4 -3.9 -7.7 -2.2

Asia

55.121 204.1 190.7 -20.3 16.2 -10.5 -5.4 -6.6

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares

100.000 170.7 184.4 6.3 2.1 1.9 -5.4 8.0

Europe

44.817 189.3 216.7 10.7 -2.9 1.6 -2.3 14.5

Asia

5.977 174.0 185.0 -6.6 -0.2 -1.5 3.6 6.3

Latin America/Caribbean

17.814 167.3 151.4 20.2 10.3 5.7 -5.7 -9.5

Export Air Passenger Fares

100.000 191.8 181.2 0.4 -13.7 6.4 0.6 -5.5

Europe

18.820 210.8 223.1 4.0 -5.3 2.1 -1.9 5.8

Asia

11.089 194.2 201.4 0.9 -14.4 -8.7 8.1 3.7

Latin America/Caribbean

57.713 206.5 179.7 5.1 -18.3 12.4 1.6 -13.0

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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Last Modified Date: June 15, 2023