U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-23-1526
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, July 14, 2023

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Media contact:         (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                                U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - JUNE 2023                                

The price index for U.S. imports fell 0.2 percent in June following a 0.4-percent decline in May, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower nonfuel prices in June more than offset higher fuel prices. 
Prices for U.S. exports decreased 0.9 percent in June, after declining 1.9 percent the previous month.

Imports 

U.S. import prices decreased 0.2 percent in June and have fallen in 5 of the first 6 months of 2023, after 
rising 3.2 percent in 2022. Prices for U.S. imports declined 6.1 percent over the past year, the largest 12-
month drop since the year ended May 2020. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel rose 0.8 percent in June following a 4.3-percent decline the previous 
month. Higher petroleum prices in June more than offset lower natural gas prices. Despite the June advance, 
import fuel prices fell 36.4 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since a 37.5-percent 
decrease in June 2020. The price index for petroleum rose 1.1 percent in June, after falling 3.8 percent in 
May. Petroleum prices declined 35.1 percent for the year ended in June. In contrast, natural gas prices 
decreased in June, falling 5.6 percent following a 20.9-percent drop the previous month. Prices for import 
natural gas declined 78.4 percent from January to June, driving the index down 70.8 percent over the past 12 
months. The 12-month decrease was the largest over-the-year drop since the 12-month percent change series 
was first published in September 1982. 
    

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports declined 0.4 percent in June, after being 
unchanged the previous month. Lower prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; consumer goods; 
capital goods; foods, feeds, and beverages; and automotive vehicles all contributed to the overall decline in 
June. Prices for nonfuel imports decreased 1.4 percent for the year ended in June. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages fell 0.3 percent in June following a 
1.3-percent drop in May. Lower prices for fish and shellfish in June more than offset higher prices for fruit 
and meat.  

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices decreased 1.1 
percent in June following a 0.2-percent decline the previous month. The June drop was led by lower prices 
for unfinished metals and nonmetals related to durable goods.  

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods import categories were down in June. The price 
index for consumer goods fell 0.3 percent in June following 0.1-percent advances in both May and April. 
Lower household goods prices contributed to the decrease in June. Capital goods prices edged down 0.1 
percent in June, after being unchanged in May. The decline in June was driven by a 0.3-percent drop in 
computer prices. Prices for automotive vehicles fell 0.1 percent in June following a 0.3-percent increase the 
previous month. The June decrease was led by lower prices for parts, engines, bodies, and chassis. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2022
June	0.2	5.6	-0.6	1.1	0.0	1.2
July	-1.4	-6.9	-0.5	-3.7	-3.2	-3.8
August	-1.2	-8.6	-0.2	-1.4	-0.5	-1.4
September	-1.0	-6.3	-0.3	-0.9	-0.8	-0.9
October	-0.3	-2.2	-0.1	-0.5	-0.6	-0.5
November	-0.8	-3.9	-0.3	-0.4	2.8	-0.9
December	0.1	-2.3	0.4	-3.0	-2.4	-3.1
2023
January	-0.4	-4.8	0.2	0.2	-0.8	0.3
February	-0.2	-5.6	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.3
March	-0.8	-4.4	-0.5	-0.4	-1.8	-0.2
April	0.3	(r)4.6	(r)-0.1	-0.1	0.4	-0.1
May	(r)-0.4	(r)-4.3	(r)0.0	-1.9	(r)-2.4	(r)-1.9
June	-0.2	0.8	-0.4	-0.9	-1.6	-0.9
June 2021 to 2022	10.7	73.2	4.6	18.6	15.3	19.0
June 2022 to 2023	-6.1	-36.4	-1.4	-12.0	-9.8	-12.4
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports declined 0.9 percent in June, after falling 1.9 percent the previous month. 
Lower prices for nonagricultural exports and agricultural exports in June each contributed to the overall 
decrease. U.S. export prices fell 12.0 percent from June 2022 to June 2023, the largest over-the-year decline 
since the 12-month percent change series was first published in September 1984. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports fell 1.6 percent in June following a 2.4-percent 
decline the previous month. Lower prices in June for soybeans, fruit, and nuts more than offset higher meat 
prices. The price index for agricultural exports decreased 9.8 percent for the year ended in June, the largest 
over-the-year decline since a 10.7-percent drop from March 2015 to March 2016.  

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural prices decreased 0.9 percent in June following a 1.9-
percent drop in May. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials and nonagricultural 
foods in June more than offset higher prices for capital goods, consumer goods, and automotive vehicles. 
Prices for nonagricultural exports declined 12.4 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year 
drop since the 12-month percent change series was first published in March 1986. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials declined 2.4 percent in June, after falling 4.6 percent in May. The 7.2-percent drop in the second 
quarter of 2023 was the largest 3-month decrease since January 2023. The June drop was led by lower 
prices for fuels, chemicals, and nonferrous metals. 

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods export categories were up in June. Capital 
goods prices advanced 0.2 percent, after ticking up 0.1 percent in May. The June increase was driven by a 
1.8-percent rise in the price index for transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles. Prices for 
consumer goods advanced 0.1 percent in June following a 0.2-percent increase the previous month. The 
June rise was led by a 3.9-percent advance in jewelry prices. Automotive vehicles prices rose 0.1 percent for 
the second consecutive month in June. Higher prices for parts, engines, bodies, and chassis contributed to 
the increases in June and May. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China declined 0.4 percent for the third consecutive 
month in June, led by a 0.7-percent decrease in prices for computer and electronic product manufacturing. 
Prices for imports from China have not recorded a monthly advance since October 2022. The price index for 
imports from China decreased 2.3 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since November 
2009. In contrast, import prices from Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in June, after declining 0.2 percent the 
previous month. Prices for imports from Japan advanced 0.6 percent over the past 12 months. The price 
index for imports from Canada fell 0.8 percent in June following a 1.0-percent drop in May. Import prices 
from Canada decreased 21.9 percent for the year ended in June, the largest 12-month decline since a 26.0-
percent drop in May 2020. Prices for imports from the European Union decreased 0.3 percent in June and 
import prices from Mexico increased 0.2 percent over the same period. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China declined 1.1 percent in June, after falling 
2.3 percent the previous month. Export prices to China decreased 14.1 percent over the past 12 months. The 
price index for exports to Japan fell 1.5 percent in June following a 3.1-percent decline in May. Prices for 
exports to Japan decreased 14.3 percent for the year ended in June, the largest over-the-year drop since the 
12-month percent change series was first published in December 2018. Export prices to Canada were 
unchanged in June following a 0.9-percent decline the previous month. The price index for exports to the 
European Union fell 0.5 percent in June and prices for exports to Mexico decreased 0.4 percent over the 
same period. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China fell 0.7 
percent in June, after declining 2.0 percent in May. Lower export prices to China in June more than offset 
lower import prices from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China fell 12.1 percent over the past 
12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the 12-month percent change series was first published in 
December 2018. U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 1.7 percent in June and fell 14.9 percent over the 
past year. The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico declined 0.3 percent 
and 0.5 percent, respectively, in June. In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Canada advanced 0.7 percent in 
June and rose 22.6 percent for the year ended in June. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 10.0 percent in June following an 8.0-percent increase the previous 
month. The June advance was the largest monthly rise in import air passenger fares since June 2022. The 
June 2023 increase was primarily driven by an 11.6-percent advance in European fares. Import air passenger 
fares rose 6.2 percent for the year ended in June. Import air freight prices increased 4.0 percent in June, after 
decreasing 4.0 percent in May. The June advance was led by a 4.7-percent rise in Asian air freight prices. 
Despite the June increase, import air freight prices declined 33.8 percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares advanced 9.3 percent in June following a 5.5-percent drop 
in May. The June increase was the largest 1-month rise since a 12.4-percent advance in January 2023. 
Higher Latin American/Caribbean and European fares primarily drove the June increase. Export air 
passenger fares rose 4.2 percent from June 2022 to June 2023. Export air freight prices fell 4.6 percent in 
June, after declining 3.8 percent the previous month. Prices for export air freight decreased 19.0 percent 
over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the 12-month percent change series was first 
published in December 1997.
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for July 2023 are scheduled for release on Tuesday, August 
15, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2022 to June 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance May 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2023	Jun. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2022 to Jun. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023
All commodities		100.000	139.7	139.4	-6.1	-0.8	0.3	-0.4	-0.2
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		84.207	108.6	108.2	-1.5	-0.4	0.0	0.0	-0.4
All imports excluding petroleum		91.720	123.9	123.5	-2.0	-0.6	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		91.229	127.9	127.4	-1.4	-0.5	-0.1	0.0	-0.4
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	7.022	208.6	207.9	-1.0	-1.0	-0.5	-1.3	-0.3
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.576	229.2	229.4	0.3	-1.4	-0.1	-1.4	0.1
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.446	160.4	157.3	-6.4	0.5	-1.9	-0.9	-1.9
Industrial supplies & materials	1	24.670	243.6	242.6	-20.5	-2.5	1.6	-1.7	-0.4
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		16.498	205.3	202.9	-11.6	-2.4	-0.7	-0.6	-1.2
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		15.913	230.7	228.1	-8.5	-1.5	-0.1	-0.2	-1.1
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.085	225.6	220.9	-8.5	-1.4	-0.2	0.0	-2.1
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		6.304	181.7	182.2	-15.4	-3.9	-1.3	-1.5	0.3
Fuels & lubricants	10	8.771	271.9	274.1	-36.4	-4.4	4.6	-4.3	0.8
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	8.280	293.1	296.2	-35.1	-3.0	5.9	-3.8	1.1
Crude petroleum	10000	5.223	300.2	298.5	-36.9	-1.7	7.9	-2.2	-0.6
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.356	146.8	140.8	-62.5	-23.1	-15.7	-15.3	-4.1
Natural gas	10110	0.246	118.1	111.5	-70.8	-28.8	-18.9	-20.9	-5.6
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.530	140.9	145.7	6.4	-2.2	-2.8	0.9	3.4
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	5.283	200.0	200.6	-9.8	-1.5	0.4	-0.6	0.3
Selected building materials	13	1.719	187.1	184.9	-15.3	-0.1	-2.5	-0.4	-1.2
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.176	342.9	331.1	-13.2	-3.1	0.2	0.3	-3.4
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	2.362	218.9	217.8	1.3	-0.8	1.4	0.0	-0.5
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.828	127.7	125.2	-2.9	0.3	-1.2	-0.2	-2.0
Capital goods	2	27.894	93.6	93.5	0.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.755	129.6	129.5	0.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	-0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.735	84.6	84.5	0.4	0.0	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.404	152.7	152.6	6.3	0.7	1.0	0.2	-0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	12.867	118.0	117.9	1.6	-0.2	0.1	0.3	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.547	110.4	110.1	0.1	-0.3	0.1	0.1	-0.3
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.874	125.6	125.5	0.6	-0.1	0.2	0.2	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	13.666	95.6	95.3	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.006	129.5	126.5	-4.3	-4.4	1.1	0.1	-2.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2022 to June 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance May 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2023	Jun. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2022 to Jun. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023
All commodities		100.000	148.1	146.7	-12.0	-0.4	-0.1	-1.9	-0.9
Agricultural commodities		11.044	243.2	239.3	-9.8	-1.8	0.4	-2.4	-1.6
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		74.395	115.1	114.5	-1.2	0.0	0.1	0.1	-0.5
All exports excluding fuels (June 2022=100)		84.563	99.9	99.3	-0.7	-0.1	0.2	-0.3	-0.6
Nonagricultural commodities		88.956	140.8	139.6	-12.4	-0.2	-0.1	-1.9	-0.9
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	10.169	245.7	241.4	-9.5	-2.0	0.4	-2.4	-1.8
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	9.760	247.8	243.6	-9.4	-1.9	0.5	-2.4	-1.7
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.409	206.1	198.5	-12.1	-2.7	-3.6	-0.6	-3.7
Industrial supplies & materials	1	37.717	197.3	192.7	-26.4	-0.8	-0.4	-4.5	-2.3
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.176	215.6	211.6	-5.5	-1.0	1.3	-0.6	-1.9
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		26.541	187.7	183.0	-32.3	-0.7	-1.1	-6.1	-2.5
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.284	221.9	220.0	-12.5	-1.1	-0.6	-1.8	-0.9
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		36.433	196.6	191.9	-26.8	-0.8	-0.4	-4.6	-2.4
Fuels & lubricants	11	15.437	226.7	220.0	-42.4	-1.1	-1.1	-10.2	-3.0
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.184	198.9	195.0	-8.1	-0.5	0.2	0.0	-2.0
Selected building materials	13	0.812	148.3	146.2	-14.4	0.0	-1.4	-0.3	-1.4
Capital goods	2	30.979	121.1	121.4	2.5	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.466	137.6	137.4	4.5	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.704	101.6	101.6	1.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	4.809	206.9	210.7	7.6	0.4	0.7	0.0	1.8
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	8.219	123.6	123.7	2.5	0.1	-0.4	0.1	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.917	119.6	119.7	2.7	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.824	110.9	110.9	0.8	-0.1	0.5	0.2	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	4.813	119.4	119.9	5.3	0.7	0.3	0.2	0.4
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.280	131.5	130.4	3.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: June 2022 to June 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance May 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2023	Jun. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2022 to Jun. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		8.031	142.6	141.1	-31.9	-4.2	4.6	-3.6	-1.1
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.108	209.2	207.0	-3.0	-4.6	-0.1	-2.9	-1.1
Crop production	111	1.674	216.1	214.2	-5.1	-5.7	-0.8	-2.4	-0.9
Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)	112	0.261	110.9	108.7	-	-3.3	3.5	-5.2	-2.0
Mining	21	5.923	138.1	136.8	-38.2	-4.1	6.4	-3.8	-0.9
Oil and gas extraction	211	5.610	135.4	134.1	-39.8	-4.2	5.7	-3.4	-1.0
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2022=100)	212	0.313	125.5	123.4	-	-1.6	18.2	-11.8	-1.7
Manufacturing		91.585	122.5	122.3	-2.6	-0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.475	139.3	139.0	0.4	-0.2	0.4	-0.1	-0.2
Food manufacturing	311	4.269	189.1	188.2	-0.3	-0.4	0.8	-0.4	-0.5
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.179	139.9	139.8	4.0	0.7	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.223	119.3	119.1	1.7	-0.3	0.3	-0.1	-0.2
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.371	126.7	126.9	-0.4	-0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	19.883	142.9	143.6	-9.7	-1.3	0.1	-0.8	0.5
Paper manufacturing	322	0.974	123.3	125.0	1.9	-1.3	-1.4	0.4	1.4
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.870	132.6	138.5	-28.9	-5.2	3.2	-6.6	4.4
Chemical manufacturing	325	11.232	152.1	152.1	-5.9	-0.8	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.664	134.8	134.4	1.1	0.2	0.1	0.8	-0.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.070	145.0	144.0	1.7	0.2	0.2	0.6	-0.7
Manufacturing, part 3	33	60.227	113.1	112.7	-0.5	-0.4	0.0	0.1	-0.4
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.996	232.5	226.0	-9.0	-3.0	0.4	0.6	-2.8
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.339	149.5	148.9	-1.6	0.0	0.3	-0.2	-0.4
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.743	131.9	131.7	3.8	0.2	0.2	0.3	-0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.807	72.9	72.7	-1.8	-0.4	-0.5	-0.3	-0.3
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.989	127.7	127.6	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.2	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	13.058	117.0	116.9	1.8	0.0	0.1	0.3	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	2.019	129.2	129.5	2.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.3	0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	6.277	128.4	128.1	0.9	0.2	0.2	0.4	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: June 2022 to June 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance May 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2023	Jun. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2022 to Jun. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		14.372	170.9	163.3	-36.8	-2.6	-0.2	-7.7	-4.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.548	208.8	202.8	-17.7	-3.0	0.2	-3.7	-2.9
Crop production	111	5.234	221.9	215.4	-18.1	-3.1	0.3	-3.8	-2.9
Mining	21	8.824	100.7	95.3	-45.4	-2.4	-0.4	-10.1	-5.4
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	7.360	86.7	82.5	-47.9	-3.2	-0.9	-10.6	-4.8
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.465	148.5	136.0	-24.6	2.1	2.0	-7.0	-8.4
Manufacturing		83.879	134.0	133.6	-5.8	0.0	0.0	-0.9	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 1	31	7.018	174.2	173.5	-2.7	-0.8	0.2	-0.9	-0.4
Food manufacturing	311	5.176	204.9	204.3	-3.0	-1.1	0.2	-1.0	-0.3
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.552	148.4	144.5	-1.9	0.0	0.7	-1.3	-2.6
Manufacturing, part 2	32	26.218	136.2	135.3	-18.0	0.4	-0.8	-2.7	-0.7
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.412	116.7	114.6	-19.9	0.0	-1.0	-0.1	-1.8
Paper manufacturing	322	1.579	146.5	143.8	-4.4	-2.4	-3.2	-2.5	-1.8
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.326	144.0	144.4	-39.6	0.9	-1.8	-10.9	0.3
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.655	135.9	134.4	-7.1	0.4	-0.1	0.6	-1.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.288	133.2	132.9	1.8	0.2	-0.4	0.2	-0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.763	130.9	130.9	-3.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	50.642	128.9	128.9	1.7	-0.1	0.3	0.1	0.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.434	208.7	204.7	-8.3	-3.1	3.0	-0.5	-1.9
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.563	149.1	149.1	5.2	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.0
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.951	83.6	83.5	-1.6	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.599	135.9	135.7	4.6	0.0	0.2	0.2	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	12.075	142.4	143.5	4.4	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.966	138.5	138.7	4.8	0.9	0.2	0.3	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2022 to June 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance May 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2023	Jun. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2022 to Jun. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	1.569	236.2	233.6	-1.8	-0.3	1.3	-1.7	-1.1
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.405	321.4	325.9	-4.9	1.0	4.7	2.1	1.4
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.813	156.6	151.5	-8.2	1.0	-3.3	-1.8	-3.3
Vegetable products	II	2.141	245.7	243.3	-3.0	-4.0	0.0	-2.1	-1.0
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.527	471.6	461.8	10.3	-1.8	-3.4	4.5	-2.1
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.727	115.3	116.1	-9.2	-4.9	-0.4	-7.4	0.7
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.396	306.2	304.4	-5.3	0.4	-0.2	0.3	-0.6
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.381	146.5	144.5	-9.9	-2.8	1.2	-1.2	-1.4
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.368	194.8	195.4	4.4	0.6	-0.2	0.1	0.3
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.214	114.3	114.0	8.5	0.8	0.9	0.5	-0.3
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.239	118.4	121.3	19.3	2.1	5.3	-2.8	2.4
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2022=100)	21	0.393	97.8	98.2	-	0.5	-3.2	0.5	0.4
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.113	153.7	153.4	3.7	0.9	0.3	0.2	-0.2
Mineral products	V	8.907	279.9	282.3	-35.7	-4.4	5.3	-4.8	0.9
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.518	271.3	273.9	-36.9	-4.6	4.8	-4.5	1.0
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.688	173.7	173.4	-3.5	-1.0	-0.2	0.3	-0.2
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.630	519.2	518.9	-6.9	-3.0	-1.1	0.1	-0.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.427	147.0	146.7	-4.7	-1.3	-0.2	0.6	-0.2
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.282	148.5	148.3	-0.3	0.0	0.3	0.1	-0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100)	31	0.374	69.8	70.6	-	-9.9	-5.8	-0.9	1.1
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)	32	0.208	102.9	102.0	-	-1.1	-1.4	2.2	-0.9
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.847	122.6	121.2	2.7	-0.9	-0.2	0.9	-1.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.176	158.5	158.7	-2.2	0.7	0.4	0.0	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.721	158.2	158.4	-4.4	1.1	0.3	-0.4	0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.455	162.1	162.6	2.5	-0.1	0.6	0.7	0.3
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.970	129.4	132.0	1.4	-1.1	-2.2	0.7	2.0
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.452	121.2	121.0	0.7	-0.1	0.2	0.2	-0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.228	127.4	127.0	0.7	0.1	0.2	-0.2	-0.3
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.203	126.6	126.8	0.5	-0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	0.953	123.4	123.7	0.3	-0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.937	137.9	137.5	2.1	0.4	0.5	0.6	-0.3
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.345	102.9	102.9	0.9	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.0
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.326	107.1	106.7	4.8	0.7	1.9	0.8	-0.4
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.387	237.9	232.2	-1.3	-4.4	2.6	1.6	-2.4
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.349	236.9	233.3	-8.2	-0.2	-0.7	-0.5	-1.5
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.899	206.1	202.8	-2.0	0.4	0.1	-0.7	-1.6
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.541	378.0	370.3	-11.3	-0.3	-1.4	-2.8	-2.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.077	191.6	190.2	-9.7	-2.7	-0.6	-0.3	-0.7
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.449	131.9	131.9	1.3	0.4	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.552	148.4	147.5	-3.1	-0.1	-1.2	-0.3	-0.6
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.992	82.7	82.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.270	89.6	89.5	0.4	-0.2	-0.4	0.0	-0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.722	76.2	76.1	-0.7	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	10.873	121.6	121.6	1.8	-0.2	0.0	0.2	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	10.246	120.7	120.6	1.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	-0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.516	108.3	108.0	4.7	0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.152	108.0	108.0	2.6	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.863	103.7	103.7	2.3	0.7	0.6	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.850	120.3	120.3	1.9	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.758	127.6	127.7	1.7	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.791	106.7	106.6	0.9	0.2	-0.2	0.3	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.301	147.3	147.3	8.9	0.2	0.4	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2022 to June 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance May 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2023	Jun. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2022 to Jun. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	2.104	262.8	259.9	-10.5	-2.0	-0.3	-0.5	-1.1
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.346	218.2	220.2	-6.0	1.8	1.7	1.3	0.9
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100)	03	0.262	88.0	83.2	-	-4.4	-5.3	-0.9	-5.5
Vegetable products	II	5.309	277.4	269.2	-15.8	-2.9	0.6	-4.0	-3.0
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.871	143.7	137.2	-6.5	0.6	0.8	3.5	-4.5
Cereals	10	1.887	302.8	300.8	-19.5	-4.7	1.4	-7.1	-0.7
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.053	297.3	278.5	-19.7	-2.5	-0.7	-3.8	-6.3
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.070	187.7	187.6	3.5	-0.4	0.6	-0.9	-0.1
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.680	117.1	117.3	9.3	0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.477	109.5	109.3	0.5	0.6	0.0	0.2	-0.2
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.799	311.8	305.8	-5.8	-3.1	1.8	-3.4	-1.9
Mineral products	V	15.203	271.2	263.0	-43.0	-1.1	-0.9	-10.4	-3.0
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.523	138.1	131.2	-10.9	0.1	1.9	-5.3	-5.0
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	14.457	258.4	250.7	-44.1	-1.1	-1.0	-10.7	-3.0
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	13.097	164.6	163.3	-1.8	-0.1	-0.2	0.7	-0.8
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.495	108.3	108.3	1.3	-0.1	0.7	0.5	0.0
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.879	149.2	149.4	6.9	-0.1	1.4	0.0	0.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.479	136.3	136.3	3.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.328	192.8	192.9	3.4	0.3	0.7	0.5	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.645	159.5	157.7	-10.9	0.9	-0.4	-0.2	-1.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	3.844	157.1	155.2	-12.7	1.0	-0.4	-0.3	-1.2
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.801	168.9	167.9	0.5	0.2	-0.3	0.2	-0.6
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.482	109.3	106.4	-23.9	-0.1	-2.4	-0.5	-2.7
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.714	145.0	142.8	-8.8	-2.9	-3.0	-2.6	-1.5
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.491	145.8	141.1	-25.0	-1.3	-12.0	-6.6	-3.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.981	146.9	145.5	0.6	-4.6	1.8	-1.2	-1.0
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.513	158.6	163.2	-22.9	-3.8	-1.9	-1.7	2.9
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.746	146.4	146.4	-0.5	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.0
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.456	111.0	111.0	0.3	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.788	325.5	318.6	-3.4	-3.1	3.2	0.3	-2.1
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.589	212.7	209.7	-4.6	0.9	0.0	-0.9	-1.4
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.597	263.4	255.9	-12.0	-4.9	1.3	-2.9	-2.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.690	147.7	145.4	-5.9	-0.3	-1.3	-0.3	-1.6
Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec. 2022=100)	83	0.320	101.7	101.8	-	2.7	0.1	0.2	0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	26.079	106.4	106.7	2.5	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.3
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.079	129.5	130.3	4.3	0.2	0.6	0.0	0.6
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.999	82.2	82.1	0.1	-0.2	-0.4	0.1	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	9.123	150.0	150.0	2.2	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	6.871	124.7	124.7	1.1	0.0	-0.4	0.0	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.638	117.1	117.1	2.7	1.2	0.4	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.224	136.7	136.9	6.0	-0.3	0.4	0.0	0.1
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi	94	0.585	149.9	149.9	-0.2	-0.5	0.8	0.0	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.494	118.3	118.6	17.8	-0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: June 2022 to June 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance May 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		May 2023	Jun. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Jun. 2022 to Jun. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	145.1	144.4	-8.4	-0.8	0.9	-0.1	-0.5
Nonmanufacturing	10.889	245.3	241.7	-37.0	-2.3	6.3	-1.3	-1.5
Manufacturing	88.553	136.9	136.5	-2.6	-0.6	0.3	0.1	-0.3
Canada	100.000	172.2	170.9	-21.9	-1.1	0.9	-1.0	-0.8
Nonmanufacturing	30.945	241.1	237.7	-38.4	-2.3	6.5	-1.4	-1.4
Manufacturing	68.062	157.2	156.7	-10.7	-0.8	-1.4	-0.8	-0.3
European Union	100.000	155.9	155.5	0.3	-0.4	0.5	0.4	-0.3
Manufacturing	99.212	151.6	151.3	0.7	-0.3	0.4	0.4	-0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	151.2	151.9	4.5	0.1	3.1	0.3	0.5
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	125.3	124.7	1.0	-1.0	-0.3	0.6	-0.5
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	136.4	135.5	-2.5	-1.0	1.8	-0.3	-0.7
Latin America(3)	100.000	168.3	168.5	-4.5	-0.1	0.4	-0.8	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	13.352	305.3	305.0	-24.4	-3.5	3.3	-3.8	-0.1
Manufacturing	86.383	137.3	137.5	0.2	0.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.1
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	142.4	142.7	-1.7	-0.2	0.6	0.0	0.2
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.203	154.4	157.3	-24.5	-2.8	4.3	-0.1	1.9
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.535	98.1	98.2	1.9	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.1
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	103.1	102.8	-2.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	102.3	101.9	-2.3	-0.5	-0.4	-0.4	-0.4
Japan	100.000	100.8	100.9	0.6	-0.4	0.4	-0.2	0.1
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	110.4	110.1	-1.9	0.1	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	94.9	95.0	-6.2	-0.4	-0.8	-1.0	0.1
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	102.2	101.8	-4.1	-0.3	0.0	-1.1	-0.4
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	214.2	214.2	-21.4	-1.8	1.6	-2.5	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: June 2022 to June 2023 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance May 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		May 2023	Jun. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Jun. 2022 to Jun. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	119.1	118.7	-6.8	0.1	0.1	-1.5	-0.3
Nonmanufacturing	11.896	130.2	126.8	-34.2	-0.9	0.1	-10.0	-2.6
Manufacturing	86.185	118.0	118.0	-0.8	0.3	0.0	-0.3	0.0
Canada	100.000	127.6	127.6	-4.2	0.4	-0.4	-0.9	0.0
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	7.307	127.8	124.7	-36.6	-2.0	1.3	-5.9	-2.4
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	90.927	119.9	120.1	0.3	0.7	-0.7	-0.5	0.2
European Union	100.000	116.5	115.9	-7.8	0.2	1.1	-1.9	-0.5
Nonmanufacturing	14.920	131.4	128.0	-30.7	-0.2	4.8	-9.9	-2.6
Manufacturing	83.084	113.3	113.4	-1.4	0.3	0.4	-0.4	0.1
Germany	100.000	116.7	116.3	1.5	0.0	1.2	-0.2	-0.3
Latin America(3)	100.000	122.0	121.5	-20.2	-0.4	-0.6	-2.9	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	8.898	133.9	128.5	-50.6	-1.9	-3.7	-7.8	-4.0
Manufacturing	90.458	121.4	121.3	-15.1	-0.2	-0.3	-2.3	-0.1
Mexico	100.000	122.8	122.3	-16.7	0.2	-0.2	-2.0	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	7.656	115.4	110.8	-56.2	-0.3	-5.9	-6.6	-4.0
Manufacturing	91.702	124.4	124.3	-10.5	0.2	0.2	-1.6	-0.1
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	113.8	112.7	-10.2	-0.8	0.3	-2.3	-1.0
Nonmanufacturing	21.100	120.9	116.1	-30.7	-2.6	1.5	-8.3	-4.0
Manufacturing	77.622	113.5	113.5	-1.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.6	0.0
China	100.000	109.3	108.1	-14.1	-0.4	-0.4	-2.3	-1.1
Nonmanufacturing	27.975	112.1	108.7	-31.3	-1.8	1.4	-6.6	-3.0
Manufacturing	70.925	110.7	110.2	-3.3	0.1	-1.0	-0.4	-0.5
Japan	100.000	113.0	111.3	-14.3	-1.1	-0.7	-3.1	-1.5
Nonmanufacturing	24.536	124.3	118.5	-37.5	-1.7	-1.0	-11.8	-4.7
Manufacturing	74.096	109.8	109.5	-1.4	-0.5	-0.5	0.0	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: June 2022 to June 2023(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	May 2023	Jun. 2023	Annual	Monthly
			Jun. 2022 to Jun. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.5	100.6	1.7	0.9	-0.9	-1.3	0.1
Canada	97.4	98.1	22.6	1.5	-1.3	0.1	0.7
European Union	100.6	100.3	-8.1	0.6	0.7	-2.2	-0.3
Germany	107.2	107.3	0.5	1.0	1.5	-0.7	0.1
Latin America(3)	107.9	107.4	-16.4	-0.4	-0.9	-2.2	-0.5
Mexico	111.2	110.6	-15.3	0.4	-0.9	-2.0	-0.5
Pacific Rim(4)	108.6	107.9	-7.9	-0.4	0.6	-2.2	-0.6
China	106.9	106.2	-12.1	0.0	0.1	-2.0	-0.7
Japan	107.1	105.3	-14.9	-0.7	-1.0	-2.9	-1.7
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: June 2022 to June 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance May 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		May 2023	Jun. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Jun. 2022 to Jun. 2023	Feb. 2023 to Mar. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	229.9	239.0	-33.8	-2.8	2.8	-4.0	4.0
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	29.643	224.1	226.7	-26.6	-5.0	-14.6	1.9	1.2
Asia	69.872	214.9	225.0	-36.8	-2.0	12.0	-5.6	4.7
Export Air Freight	100.000	180.0	171.8	-19.0	-6.8	-1.2	-3.8	-4.6
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	24.731	138.0	137.5	-19.9	-1.5	-2.8	-4.8	-0.4
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	52.662	140.6	131.3	-21.9	-8.7	-1.0	-4.3	-6.6
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	164.9	168.2	-36.0	-4.8	-1.0	-3.0	2.0
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	30.555	161.9	163.6	-19.0	-2.7	-10.8	1.5	1.1
Asia	58.274	147.2	148.8	-45.2	-7.1	4.5	-3.3	1.1
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	175.0	176.8	-22.4	-7.6	-6.0	-4.9	1.0
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.913	169.2	168.9	-16.7	-3.9	-7.7	-3.1	-0.2
Asia	53.775	188.8	193.2	-25.8	-10.5	-5.7	-7.1	2.3
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	184.4	202.9	6.2	1.9	-5.4	8.0	10.0
Europe	47.508	216.7	241.9	13.0	1.6	-2.3	14.5	11.6
Asia	5.887	185.0	199.0	-8.0	-1.5	3.6	6.3	7.6
Latin America/Caribbean	14.926	151.4	161.0	2.9	5.7	-5.7	-9.5	6.3
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	181.2	198.0	4.2	6.4	0.6	-5.5	9.3
Europe	21.091	223.1	262.9	15.1	2.1	-1.9	5.8	17.8
Asia	12.173	201.4	214.8	5.9	-8.7	8.1	3.7	6.7
Latin America/Caribbean	53.167	179.7	193.4	2.8	12.4	1.6	-13.0	7.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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