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                                U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - JUNE 2020                                

The price index for U.S. imports rose 1.4 percent in June, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today, following a 0.8-percent increase in May. Both the June and May advances were driven by rising fuel 
prices. U.S. export prices also increased 1.4 percent in June, after advancing 0.4 percent the previous month.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

		Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on June 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make any changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the June release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for June 
were 4.7-percentage points lower than those in June 2019. A small number of indexes that are normally 
published were not published in June. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/import-
export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-june-2020.htm.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports increased 1.4 percent in June, after rising 0.8 percent the previous month. The June 
advance was led by higher fuel prices, and was the largest monthly increase since the index rose 1.4 percent 
in March 2012. Despite the recent advances, the price index for U.S. imports fell 3.8 percent for the year 
ended in June. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: The price index for import fuel advanced 21.9 percent in June following a 15.4-percent 
increase the previous month. The June rise was the largest advance since the index was first published 
monthly in September 1992. Higher prices for both petroleum and natural gas contributed to the June 
increase. Prices for import petroleum rose 23.0 percent in June, after advancing 16.1 percent in May. 
Natural gas prices increased 6.8 percent in June following a 6.4-percent rise the previous month. Despite the 
record advance in June, import fuel prices fell 36.4 percent over the past year. The price index for import 
petroleum led the 12-month decline in fuel prices, decreasing 38.6 percent and offsetting a 56.0-percent 
increase in prices for import natural gas.    
 
All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices rose 0.3 percent in June, after a 0.1-percent advance in 
May. In June, higher prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; capital goods; and consumer goods 
more than offset lower prices for foods, feeds, and beverages and automotive vehicles. Prices for nonfuel 
imports declined 0.2 percent for the year ended in June, the smallest 12-month drop since January 2019. 
 
Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Import prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
increased 1.2 percent in June following declines of 0.5 percent in May and 3.3 percent in April. The June 
rise was led by higher prices for unfinished metals and selected building materials. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in June. Capital goods prices rose 0.2 percent, led by 
a 0.6-percent increase in the price index for computers, peripherals, and semiconductors. Prices for 
consumer goods also advanced 0.2 percent in June, the largest monthly rise since a 0.2-percent increase in 
July 2019. In contrast, automotive vehicles prices edged down 0.1 percent in June.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages fell 0.1 percent in June, after 
increasing 2.3 percent the previous month.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2019
June	-1.1	-7.8	-0.3	-0.6	2.4	-0.9
July	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2
August	-0.6	-4.2	-0.1	-0.6	-2.4	-0.3
September	0.1	1.0	-0.1	-0.3	-1.6	-0.2
October	-0.4	-1.6	-0.3	0.0	1.7	-0.2
November	0.2	2.2	-0.1	0.1	2.4	-0.1
December	0.2	1.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
2020
January	0.2	-0.1	0.3	0.6	2.0	0.6
February	-0.7	-9.1	0.2	-1.2	-2.9	-1.1
March	-2.4	(r)-26.5	0.0	-1.4	(r)-1.4	-1.4
April	-2.6	(r)-31.3	-0.5	(r)-3.4	(r)-3.2	(r)-3.5
May	(r)0.8	(r)15.4	0.1	(r)0.4	-0.5	(r)0.5
June	1.4	21.9	0.3	1.4	1.4	1.4
June 2018 to 2019	-2.0	-6.6	-1.4	-1.6	-2.0	-1.5
June 2019 to 2020	-3.8	-36.4	-0.2	-4.4	-4.5	-4.4
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports rose 1.4 percent in June, the largest 1-month advance for the index since a 
1.5-percent increase in March 2011. In June, prices for both nonagricultural and agricultural exports 
contributed to the advance. Despite the June rise, prices for U.S. exports decreased 4.4 percent from June 
2019 to June 2020. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices increased 1.4 percent in June following a 0.5-percent drop 
in May. The advance was the first monthly increase since the index rose 2.0 percent in January. In June, 
rising prices for dairy products, vegetables, corn, and soybeans more than offset declining nut prices. 
Despite the June upturn, prices for agricultural exports decreased 4.5 percent over the past 12 months, the 
largest over-the-year drop since the index fell 5.3 percent for the year ended May 2019. Lower corn and nut 
prices were the largest contributors to the 12-month decline in agricultural export prices.   

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 1.4 percent in June, after 
rising 0.5 percent the previous month. The June increase was the largest monthly advance since the index 
rose 1.4 percent in March 2011. In June, the increase was led by higher prices for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials which more than offset declining prices for capital goods and nonagricultural foods. 
Nonagricultural export prices decreased 4.4 percent for the year ended in June, driven by a 12.2-percent 
decline in the price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials.       

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials rose 4.8 percent in June following a 2.1-percent advance in May. The June increase was the 
largest rise since the index was first published monthly in September 1992, and was driven by a 17.4-
percent advance in fuel prices.    

Finished Goods: Finished goods were mixed in June. Capital goods prices fell 0.2 percent, the largest 
decrease since the index declined 0.2 percent in October 2019. Lower prices for industrial engines, pumps, 
and compressors; transportation equipment; and computers all contributed to the June decline. In contrast, 
automotive vehicles prices ticked up 0.1 percent in June following a 0.1-percent decrease the previous 
month. The price index for consumer goods was unchanged in June, after declining 1.1 percent from 
February to May.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China increased 0.1 percent in June, the 
first 1-month advance since the index rose 0.2 percent in December 2019. The uptick followed a 0.1-percent 
decline in May. Import prices from China fell 0.9 percent over the past year. Prices for imports from Japan 
rose 0.4 percent in June, after decreasing 0.4 percent in May. The June increase was the largest monthly 
advance since the index rose 0.5 percent in January 2018. The price index for imports from Japan was 
unchanged for the year ended in June. Import prices from Canada increased 4.4 percent in June following a 
1.9-percent rise in May. Both advances were led by higher fuel prices. Prices for imports from the European 
Union and Mexico also increased in June, rising 0.5 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China advanced 1.9 percent in June, after rising 2.3 
percent the previous month. Those are the largest monthly increases since the index was first published in 
December 2017. Despite the recent advances, prices for exports to China decreased 2.5 percent for the year 
ended in June. The price index for exports to Japan also recorded the largest monthly increase since the 
index was first published in December 2017, rising 3.1 percent in June. Export prices to Japan decreased 3.0 
percent over the past year. Prices for exports to Canada increased 1.3 percent in June and export prices to 
Mexico rose 0.6 percent over the same period. The price indexes for exports to Canada and Mexico both 
declined from June 2019 to June 2020, falling 4.1 percent and 5.5 percent, respectively. Export prices to the 
European Union rose 1.0 percent in June and decreased 2.9 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
China rose 1.8 percent in June following a 2.3-percent increase in May. Those are the largest 1-month 
advances since the index was first published in December 2017. U.S. terms of trade with Japan increased 
2.7 percent in June, the largest rise since the index was first published in December 2017. Higher export 
prices to Japan more than offset rising import prices from Japan. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the 
European Union also rose in June, increasing 0.4 percent, after rising 0.7 percent the previous month. In 
contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Canada declined 3.0 percent in June and the index for U.S. terms of trade 
with Mexico was unchanged. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares increased 7.0 percent in June following declines of 0.1 
percent in May, 12.3 percent in April, and 9.8 percent in March. The June advance was the largest monthly 
rise since the index increased 9.1 percent in September 2019 and was led by higher European and Asian 
fares. Despite the advance in June, import air passenger fares fell 21.5 percent over the past year. Prices for 
import air freight declined 2.8 percent in June following increases of 26.2 percent in May and 39.9 percent 
in April. Despite the downturn in June, import air freight prices advanced 73.3 percent over the past 12 
months. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares rose 6.4 percent in June, the first 1-month advance since the index 
increased 7.4 percent in January. The index for export air passenger fares fell 20.3 percent from January to 
May and declined 13.3 percent over the past year. In June, the upturn was driven by a 12.7-percent increase 
in European fares. Export air freight prices rose 2.2 percent in June and advanced 1.8 percent from June 
2019 to June 2020. 
		
Import and Export Price Index data for July are scheduled for release on Thursday, August 13, 2020 at 
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2019 to June 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance May 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2020	June 2020	Annual	Monthly
					June 2019 to June 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020
All commodities		100.000	119.1	120.8	-3.8	-2.4	-2.6	0.8	1.4
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		88.037	98.6	98.9	-0.3	0.0	-0.4	-0.1	0.3
All imports excluding petroleum		94.887	111.7	112.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.5	0.2	0.3
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		94.525	115.7	116.0	-0.2	0.0	-0.5	0.1	0.3
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.488	180.1	179.9	0.0	-1.0	-1.6	2.3	-0.1
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.067	197.3	197.6	0.3	-1.0	-1.8	3.8	0.2
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.421	141.4	140.0	-0.8	-1.0	-1.1	-2.5	-1.0
Industrial supplies & materials	1	19.424	148.0	158.4	-16.3	-10.3	-12.3	3.5	7.0
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.525	149.3	151.3	-0.2	-0.3	-3.4	-0.3	1.3
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		13.966	169.3	171.4	-1.5	0.2	-3.3	-0.5	1.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.802	163.4	166.5	1.1	0.6	-4.3	-0.3	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.509	131.6	132.4	-2.4	-1.9	-1.8	-0.4	0.6
Fuels & lubricants	10	5.475	112.3	136.9	-36.4	-26.5	-31.3	15.4	21.9
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	5.113	118.1	145.3	-38.6	-27.1	-32.8	16.1	23.0
Crude	10000	3.058	105.4	136.3	-44.7	-34.1	-37.1	22.4	29.3
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.362	95.0	100.3	34.8	-14.0	-3.0	5.4	5.6
Gas-natural	10110	0.300	83.4	89.1	56.0	-16.4	-3.3	6.4	6.8
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.516	107.3	110.5	-8.3	-0.5	-1.6	0.1	3.0
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.632	149.1	148.9	-5.5	-0.5	-1.7	-1.1	-0.1
Selected building materials	13	1.569	142.6	146.9	3.7	1.9	-4.6	0.8	3.0
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.501	224.9	232.3	1.4	1.1	-8.1	-1.4	3.3
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.868	157.2	157.0	0.0	-0.6	-0.1	1.2	-0.1
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.865	112.0	112.1	-0.7	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	0.1
Capital goods	2	29.909	88.0	88.2	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.2
Electric generating equipment	20	3.802	121.2	121.2	1.5	0.3	0.2	-0.2	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.640	79.9	80.1	-0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.467	135.3	135.4	-1.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	16.384	110.6	110.5	0.5	0.2	0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.795	106.4	106.6	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.726	123.9	124.0	0.6	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	12.779	90.6	90.6	-0.9	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.289	113.6	114.9	-1.4	-4.5	-	-	1.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2019 to June 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance May 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2020	June 2020	Annual	Monthly
					June 2019 to June 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020
All commodities		100.000	118.8	120.5	-4.4	-1.4	-3.4	0.4	1.4
Agricultural commodities		9.355	169.9	172.3	-4.5	-1.4	-3.2	-0.5	1.4
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.884	101.0	101.0	-0.5	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1	0.0
Nonagricultural commodities		90.645	114.9	116.5	-4.4	-1.4	-3.5	0.5	1.4
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.683	173.9	175.8	-4.4	-1.5	-3.1	-0.5	1.1
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.111	172.0	175.0	-4.1	-1.3	-3.4	-0.4	1.7
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.573	210.8	193.8	-8.3	-3.8	0.7	-1.4	-8.1
Industrial supplies & materials	1	29.592	129.7	135.7	-12.0	-3.9	-10.1	1.9	4.6
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.013	168.1	169.7	3.2	-0.5	-1.8	0.4	1.0
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		18.579	114.0	121.6	-18.9	-5.7	-14.4	2.9	6.7
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.215	162.0	160.7	-7.4	-2.0	-2.1	-0.7	-0.8
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		28.377	128.7	134.9	-12.2	-4.0	-10.4	2.1	4.8
Fuels & lubricants	11	7.433	106.4	124.9	-30.6	-11.6	-29.3	8.7	17.4
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.975	154.3	154.8	-1.5	-0.3	-2.0	-0.1	0.3
Selected building materials	13	0.969	117.3	117.9	-2.6	1.4	-0.2	-0.2	0.5
Capital goods	2	38.508	111.4	111.2	0.4	0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.990	120.0	120.0	1.6	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	25.020	95.0	94.8	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.498	184.3	184.0	0.7	0.2	0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.328	114.3	114.4	-0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.889	109.3	109.3	-1.1	-0.6	-0.3	-0.2	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.211	107.2	107.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.5	-0.3	0.3
Durables, manufactured	41	5.228	107.7	107.2	-0.6	0.4	0.1	-0.1	-0.5
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.450	92.7	92.8	-6.2	-5.4	-	-	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: June 2019 to June 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance May 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2020	June 2020	Annual	Monthly
					June 2019 to June 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020
Nonmanufacturing		5.607	66.9	78.0	-33.2	-25.5	-24.5	14.2	16.6
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.992	179.0	177.9	-1.5	-1.9	-3.4	6.0	-0.6
Crop production	111	1.664	194.7	193.5	-0.9	-1.1	-2.9	8.3	-0.6
Mining	21	3.615	51.3	64.6	-41.5	-32.3	-33.5	19.3	25.9
Oil and gas extraction	211	3.351	49.2	63.0	-42.8	-33.4	-35.6	21.2	28.0
Manufacturing		94.093	109.3	109.9	-1.0	-0.5	-1.2	0.2	0.5
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.887	125.5	125.9	0.6	-0.2	-0.4	0.4	0.3
Food manufacturing	311	3.678	154.5	155.6	0.1	-0.6	-1.4	1.5	0.7
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.220	128.3	128.3	4.4	0.2	-0.1	-0.7	0.0
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.380	97.1	97.0	-2.1	-0.7	-0.8	0.1	-0.1
Textile product mills	314	0.974	106.6	106.6	-2.3	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.914	112.9	112.9	0.7	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.720	124.4	124.7	1.2	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.028	117.2	119.5	-5.0	-1.9	-4.5	0.5	2.0
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	0.825	99.1	104.9	-	3.6	-8.4	1.5	5.9
Paper manufacturing	322	1.019	105.6	107.8	-4.8	0.0	-1.5	0.0	2.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	1.864	66.3	75.9	-24.5	-12.9	-27.2	8.3	14.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.516	135.4	135.4	-2.4	-0.4	-0.9	-0.6	0.0
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.474	118.5	118.8	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.129	131.4	131.2	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	64.178	103.2	103.5	-0.1	0.0	-0.3	-0.1	0.3
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.092	151.4	155.0	0.8	0.8	-6.6	-0.5	2.4
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.363	126.0	126.0	-0.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.0
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.084	119.3	119.3	0.6	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.843	72.0	72.2	-0.7	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.752	117.8	118.0	0.4	0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.448	109.5	109.5	0.3	0.1	0.2	-0.2	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.979	115.0	114.5	-2.1	-0.3	0.0	-0.3	-0.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.616	117.5	117.7	-0.4	-1.5	0.0	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: June 2019 to June 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance May 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2020	June 2020	Annual	Monthly
					June 2019 to June 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020
Nonmanufacturing		8.372	100.8	107.8	-18.8	-10.7	-12.9	7.9	6.9
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.523	139.7	140.0	-8.7	-1.4	-4.9	-1.1	0.2
Crop production	111	4.162	145.6	147.5	-8.3	-1.5	-5.2	-1.2	1.3
Mining	21	3.849	52.8	60.5	-27.7	-19.5	-22.4	21.1	14.6
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.211	93.5	92.4	-19.8	-0.8	-0.9	-2.0	-1.2
Manufacturing		90.367	112.4	113.4	-2.7	-0.4	-2.5	-0.4	0.9
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.950	138.2	139.4	-1.3	-1.3	-1.1	0.1	0.9
Food manufacturing	311	4.727	154.6	156.9	-1.4	-1.6	-1.8	0.2	1.5
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.681	124.0	122.8	0.3	-0.7	2.0	-0.4	-1.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	22.461	98.3	101.6	-11.4	-1.1	-8.8	-1.2	3.4
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.491	95.7	96.4	-1.4	1.5	2.2	-0.5	0.7
Paper manufacturing	322	1.562	118.0	119.0	-5.7	-0.3	0.8	-0.3	0.8
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	3.502	58.9	71.0	-34.2	-4.2	-34.3	-3.9	20.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.396	113.1	113.0	-5.0	-0.3	-2.3	-0.7	-0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.434	117.4	117.3	0.6	0.1	0.2	0.0	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.868	117.4	117.4	-0.3	1.8	-0.7	-0.4	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	60.957	116.0	115.9	0.8	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.505	160.1	161.9	11.6	-0.6	-1.2	0.9	1.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.222	149.8	149.9	1.5	-0.2	-0.3	0.2	0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	10.309	130.5	130.2	0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	14.483	82.4	82.3	0.2	0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.973	117.8	117.9	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	18.509	129.7	129.6	0.3	0.1	0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.420	124.7	124.7	1.8	0.9	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.536	117.8	117.6	-2.4	-1.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2019 to June 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance May 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2020	June 2020	Annual	Monthly
					June 2019 to June 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.411	194.0	198.5	1.4	-2.4	-2.7	2.8	2.3
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.435	294.7	323.3	21.6	-3.5	-3.5	18.2	9.7
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.712	130.9	128.0	-8.3	-1.4	-2.6	-3.9	-2.2
Vegetable products	II	2.034	214.1	213.5	-0.7	-1.3	-2.0	7.0	-0.3
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.487	494.8	482.7	-4.8	-15.5	2.2	15.0	-2.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.709	115.8	114.2	-8.3	6.8	-6.1	6.6	-1.4
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.349	214.1	212.5	7.5	-0.3	-1.1	1.1	-0.7
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.253	85.1	84.4	0.2	-0.1	-5.5	0.9	-0.8
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.111	167.9	167.4	1.3	0.2	-0.6	-0.8	-0.3
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.214	101.0	101.8	4.1	2.7	-4.8	0.4	0.8
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.380	168.7	168.9	-0.7	-0.4	0.0	-1.2	0.1
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.163	138.6	138.1	3.9	0.1	-0.3	-1.0	-0.4
Mineral products	V	5.688	116.6	140.3	-34.9	-25.8	-29.4	14.4	20.3
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	5.333	111.5	135.7	-36.2	-26.5	-31.1	15.7	21.7
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.886	153.8	153.5	-1.7	-0.4	-1.1	-0.5	-0.2
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.475	269.5	267.9	-8.1	-1.7	-4.0	-2.2	-0.6
Organic chemicals	29	2.150	120.5	119.8	-6.0	-0.2	-3.9	-1.1	-0.6
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.137	154.3	154.5	1.4	-0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.648	102.9	102.8	-0.6	-0.7	-0.4	-0.3	-0.1
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.614	100.5	100.3	-2.7	-1.1	-0.1	0.3	-0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.725	136.6	138.2	-1.9	-0.4	-0.8	-0.7	1.2
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.489	138.1	139.8	-2.6	-0.5	-1.2	-0.9	1.2
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.236	135.5	136.9	-0.7	-0.4	0.1	-0.4	1.0
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.652	125.5	126.6	1.6	0.3	0.0	0.3	0.9
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.625	132.4	133.5	1.8	0.4	0.0	0.3	0.8
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.850	144.0	152.8	6.5	3.7	-8.3	1.5	6.1
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	0.824	99.2	105.5	-	3.8	-8.5	1.5	6.4
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.049	110.9	112.8	-6.2	0.0	-1.8	0.2	1.7
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.731	105.8	106.3	-4.4	-0.2	-1.7	0.1	0.5
Textile and textile articles	XI	5.058	114.2	114.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	2.054	105.1	105.0	0.4	-0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.697	122.0	122.5	1.5	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.4
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.662	100.8	100.8	-2.7	0.4	-0.1	-0.3	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.442	124.4	124.3	1.6	-0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.207	122.8	122.6	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	-0.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	1.012	132.1	131.8	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.986	194.5	200.0	12.6	-0.4	-6.2	-0.3	2.8
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.527	163.1	164.1	-5.9	-0.7	-2.0	-0.2	0.6
Iron and steel	72	1.088	187.0	187.9	-13.4	-0.6	-2.8	-3.9	0.5
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.746	145.8	145.9	-2.6	-0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.418	256.7	263.2	-3.1	-1.3	-7.1	8.9	2.5
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.886	119.2	120.3	-7.9	-0.7	-3.2	-1.0	0.9
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.482	122.8	122.9	-0.7	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.554	133.7	133.6	-1.7	-0.4	0.1	-0.3	-0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	31.866	78.9	79.1	-0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.3
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.198	84.6	84.8	-0.8	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.2
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.668	73.6	73.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.458	114.3	114.3	0.7	0.1	0.4	-0.2	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	13.284	113.5	113.5	0.8	0.1	0.4	-0.2	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.276	102.2	102.1	0.5	0.0	0.3	0.0	-0.1
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.992	98.3	98.3	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.640	111.1	110.9	-1.2	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.2
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.920	116.7	116.5	-1.5	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.438	101.7	101.7	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.281	127.2	127.2	-1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2019 to June 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance May 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2020	June 2020	Annual	Monthly
					June 2019 to June 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.976	205.7	209.7	-3.7	-1.4	-3.0	0.5	1.9
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.217	164.9	164.6	-4.7	0.1	-4.9	5.6	-0.2
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.357	114.9	103.6	-10.7	-5.1	2.1	-2.3	-9.8
Vegetable products	II	4.154	181.5	184.4	-7.4	-1.1	-4.2	-1.6	1.6
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.942	128.1	122.2	-12.7	0.3	-6.5	0.2	-4.6
Cereals	10	1.338	177.7	182.4	-11.3	-1.0	-6.4	-4.3	2.6
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.447	182.9	184.9	-1.1	1.2	-2.0	-2.0	1.1
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.136	151.0	151.3	-1.4	-2.4	-1.4	1.0	0.2
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100)	20	0.343	98.1	98.4	-	-0.5	-0.7	0.2	0.3
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.608	98.5	97.9	-0.1	-0.7	-0.9	-0.6	-0.6
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.557	101.3	106.3	-3.5	-5.8	-8.1	8.7	4.9
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.749	216.4	210.2	-2.4	-4.4	1.9	-1.1	-2.9
Mineral products	V	7.367	127.9	150.0	-30.9	-11.4	-29.1	7.9	17.3
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.366	83.1	85.4	-12.1	-3.4	-3.2	-2.9	2.8
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	6.795	119.4	141.5	-32.1	-11.9	-30.9	8.9	18.5
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.198	134.2	134.2	-3.2	-0.3	-1.2	-0.7	0.0
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.748	140.2	140.0	-6.4	-0.7	-0.9	1.7	-0.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.450	130.7	129.8	-9.7	-0.1	-3.0	-2.8	-0.7
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.255	105.9	106.5	-0.3	-0.7	-1.0	-0.4	0.6
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.553	103.6	103.6	-0.2	-1.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.905	128.0	127.7	-2.7	0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.2
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.515	125.1	125.1	0.7	0.1	0.0	-0.4	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.101	156.5	156.5	-0.1	-0.1	-0.6	-0.3	0.0
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.226	137.4	136.6	-5.1	0.1	-1.9	-1.3	-0.6
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.307	134.0	133.0	-5.8	0.2	-2.2	-1.5	-0.7
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.918	150.9	151.0	-1.6	-0.3	-1.1	-0.1	0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.605	95.0	95.6	-1.7	2.3	2.5	0.0	0.6
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.888	122.4	123.1	-1.1	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.6
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.522	118.5	120.6	-	5.7	5.0	6.3	1.8
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.072	122.8	122.9	-2.4	0.0	0.6	-0.4	0.1
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.729	117.1	117.4	-3.3	-1.4	-2.6	0.9	0.3
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.455	106.4	107.6	-9.2	-4.3	-9.8	3.3	1.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.841	126.2	126.2	-1.0	0.2	-0.3	-0.2	0.0
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.492	99.8	99.6	-	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	5.002	273.1	275.2	12.2	-1.9	-0.8	1.0	0.8
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.640	150.2	151.4	-4.5	-0.3	-3.2	-0.1	0.8
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.459	155.5	165.3	-7.4	-1.2	-10.7	2.1	6.3
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.664	91.6	91.1	-12.5	-1.8	-4.9	-2.9	-0.5
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.357	155.9	156.0	1.3	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.898	98.1	97.9	-0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	17.835	116.1	115.8	-0.4	0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	12.063	78.7	78.7	0.5	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.035	137.9	137.9	0.5	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.437	116.5	116.5	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	6.321	110.2	110.3	0.3	-0.2	-0.4	-0.1	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.417	113.8	114.1	1.1	0.1	0.3	-0.3	0.3
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.790	132.7	132.9	1.5	0.5	0.3	-0.1	0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.462	88.5	89.0	0.9	-0.7	0.3	-0.7	0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: June 2019 to June 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance May 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		May 2020	June 2020	Annual	Monthly
				June 2019 to June 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	116.9	118.9	-6.1	-2.6	-4.0	0.3	1.7
Nonmanufacturing	5.046	76.4	92.0	-50.2	-27.1	-38.0	10.1	20.4
Manufacturing	94.442	119.7	120.6	-0.3	-0.2	-1.3	-0.3	0.8
Canada	100.000	108.4	113.2	-19.1	-7.9	-11.7	1.9	4.4
Nonmanufacturing	16.062	71.5	87.1	-51.9	-28.5	-40.8	13.7	21.8
Manufacturing	83.013	124.0	125.3	-4.1	-0.1	-3.6	-0.2	1.0
European Union	100.000	136.7	137.4	0.4	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.5
Manufacturing	98.981	132.9	133.6	0.2	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.5
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	126.3	126.9	-0.4	-0.2	-0.9	-0.1	0.5
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	112.6	112.7	0.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.7	0.1
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	118.9	121.9	0.6	0.4	-4.8	0.5	2.5
Latin America(3)	100.000	139.4	141.8	-4.4	-2.4	-2.8	1.9	1.7
Nonmanufacturing	11.235	182.4	203.9	-25.3	-19.3	-20.6	16.8	11.8
Manufacturing	88.466	118.9	119.5	-0.3	0.5	-0.3	0.2	0.5
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	125.5	126.3	-1.2	-0.6	-0.8	1.3	0.6
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	6.278	103.2	104.8	-29.4	-13.6	-21.4	17.0	1.6
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	93.431	88.1	88.6	1.6	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.6
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	97.6	97.8	-0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.0	0.2
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	97.9	98.0	-0.9	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Japan	100.000	96.3	96.7	0.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.4	0.4
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	95.2	95.6	-3.2	0.0	-0.8	-2.5	0.4
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	85.1	85.8	-2.3	-0.2	-0.8	0.1	0.8
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.3	97.7	1.1	-0.3	0.0	0.0	0.4
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	134.8	149.0	-18.0	-21.7	-5.6	4.5	10.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: June 2019 to June 2020 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance May 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		May 2020	June 2020	Annual	Monthly
				June 2019 to June 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	98.9	99.9	-3.0	-1.6	-2.6	0.6	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	7.992	77.4	84.7	-23.4	-13.9	-16.9	11.7	9.4
Manufacturing	90.732	101.6	101.9	-0.8	-0.1	-1.3	-0.3	0.3
Canada	100.000	98.9	100.2	-4.1	-2.1	-3.0	0.6	1.3
European Union	100.000	100.6	101.6	-2.9	-1.5	-2.5	0.6	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	7.250	72.5	79.7	-26.5	-14.9	-17.9	11.9	9.9
Manufacturing	91.580	103.7	104.0	-0.4	-0.1	-1.1	-0.3	0.3
Germany	100.000	105.3	105.2	2.0	0.3	-1.3	1.2	-0.1
Latin America(3)	100.000	91.8	93.8	-7.0	-0.8	-5.8	-0.1	2.2
Nonmanufacturing	7.057	91.1	94.6	-10.7	-4.1	-5.8	1.1	3.8
Manufacturing	92.415	91.8	93.7	-6.8	-0.5	-5.8	-0.3	2.1
Mexico	100.000	94.2	94.8	-5.5	-0.5	-5.2	1.4	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	5.525	88.3	88.9	-9.7	-1.5	-3.7	0.0	0.7
Manufacturing	93.865	94.5	95.1	-5.3	-0.4	-5.3	1.4	0.6
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	96.0	98.3	-1.6	-1.3	-2.4	0.7	2.4
Nonmanufacturing	12.250	76.7	88.5	-10.2	-9.9	-15.1	7.7	15.4
Manufacturing	86.035	100.0	100.5	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.4	0.5
China	100.000	93.8	95.6	-2.5	-2.1	-2.7	2.3	1.9
Nonmanufacturing	9.403	64.5	75.4	-22.4	-18.0	-24.1	18.6	16.9
Manufacturing	88.272	100.2	100.5	0.8	-0.1	0.1	0.5	0.3
Japan	100.000	94.2	97.1	-3.0	-2.7	-3.6	1.2	3.1
Nonmanufacturing	15.475	68.8	77.6	-26.2	-15.5	-21.2	11.9	12.8
Manufacturing	82.972	100.4	101.6	2.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	1.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: June 2019 to June 2020(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	May 2020	June 2020	Annual	Monthly
			June 2019 to June 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	103.6	102.8	3.2	1.1	1.6	0.4	-0.8
Canada	119.9	116.3	18.6	6.3	9.9	-1.2	-3.0
European Union	99.1	99.5	-3.2	-1.3	-2.4	0.7	0.4
Germany	107.6	107.4	1.6	0.4	-1.2	1.8	-0.2
Latin America(3)	98.1	98.5	-2.8	1.6	-3.2	-1.9	0.4
Mexico	96.8	96.8	-4.3	0.1	-4.4	0.1	0.0
Pacific Rim(4)	96.8	98.9	-1.2	-1.2	-2.4	0.7	2.2
China	95.9	97.6	-1.7	-2.1	-2.6	2.3	1.8
Japan	93.4	95.9	-3.0	-2.8	-3.5	1.6	2.7
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: June 2019 to June 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance May 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		May 2020	June 2020	Annual	Monthly
				June 2019 to June 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	319.0	310.0	73.3	2.5	39.9	26.2	-2.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	22.562	214.8	215.4	45.5	-0.6	51.9	-1.6	0.3
Asia	69.398	354.5	339.8	102.6	4.6	43.5	43.7	-4.1
Export Air Freight	100.000	164.5	168.2	1.8	-0.1	-2.4	0.7	2.2
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	31.417	151.8	152.3	0.4	-0.3	-2.1	0.0	0.3
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	246.2	240.6	43.1	1.0	23.6	18.7	-2.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.524	164.1	166.5	20.7	-0.2	25.2	-1.0	1.5
Asia	66.749	264.9	254.4	63.3	1.7	27.8	31.4	-4.0
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	158.4	153.0	5.7	-19.1	2.4	0.6	-3.4
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	33.624	176.3	176.3	14.1	0.1	9.4	0.0	0.0
Asia	46.739	153.2	141.4	2.5	-33.1	-0.5	1.1	-7.7
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	136.2	145.7	-21.5	-9.8	-12.3	-0.1	7.0
Europe	39.287	136.4	151.3	-28.4	-12.9	-26.0	1.5	10.9
Asia	25.926	121.9	141.0	-6.3	-7.4	11.8	-2.9	15.7
Latin America/Caribbean	8.386	125.6	122.9	-22.4	-7.4	-3.9	-13.3	-2.1
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	125.7	133.7	-13.3	-4.2	-7.9	-0.5	6.4
Europe	25.444	138.1	155.7	-22.7	-4.3	-16.4	-3.8	12.7
Asia	28.544	124.3	131.3	-5.5	-5.0	-6.9	10.4	5.6
Latin America/Caribbean	27.416	140.1	142.9	-10.2	-2.3	-1.3	-5.8	2.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.