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                                U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - JUNE 2021                                

U.S. import prices advanced 1.0 percent in June following a 1.4-percent increase in May, the U.S. Bureau of 
Labor Statistics reported today. Rising prices for fuel and nonfuel imports contributed to both the June and 
May advances. Prices for U.S. exports increased 1.2 percent in June, after rising 2.2 percent the previous 
month.  

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports advanced 1.0 percent in June, after increases of 1.4 percent in May, 0.8 
percent in April, and 1.5 percent in March. Prices for overall imports rose 11.2 percent for the year ended in 
June. The June 12-month advance followed an 11.6-percent increase from May 2020 to May 2021, the 
largest over-the-year rise since September 2011. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel advanced 4.7 percent in June following a 5.5-percent increase the 
previous month. Higher prices for petroleum and natural gas contributed to both advances. The price index 
for import petroleum rose 4.6 percent in June, after increasing 5.4 percent in May. Natural gas prices 
advanced 8.1 percent in June following a 7.9-percent rise the previous month. Prices for import fuel 
increased 85.1 percent from June 2020 to June 2021. The price indexes for petroleum and natural gas rose 
87.7 percent and 72.3 percent, respectively, over the same period. 
 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices rose 0.7 percent in June, after advances of 0.9 percent 
in May, 0.8 percent in April, and 0.9 percent in March. In June, higher prices for nonfuel industrial supplies 
and materials; foods, feeds, and beverages; consumer goods; and capital goods all contributed to the 
increase in nonfuel import prices. Prices for nonfuel imports rose 6.5 percent over the past 12 months, the 
largest over-the-year advance since the index increased 6.6 percent in August 2008.     

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
rose 1.9 percent in June following a 4.9-percent advance in May. The June increase was led by higher prices 
for selected building materials, chemicals, and finished metals.       

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories advanced in June. Consumer goods 
prices rose 0.4 percent, the largest 1-month increase since the index advanced 0.5 percent in February 2018. 
The price index for capital goods rose 0.2 percent in June and has not recorded a monthly decline since 
falling 0.3 percent in November 2019. Automotive vehicle prices recorded no change in June.     

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for import foods, feeds, and beverages increased 1.9 percent in June 
following a 0.3-percent drop in May. The June rise was led by a 9.3-percent advance in meat prices.       

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2020
June	1.3	20.6	0.3	1.8	1.6	1.7
July	1.2	15.2	0.2	1.0	1.6	0.9
August	0.9	3.7	0.7	0.5	-2.2	0.9
September	0.2	-4.7	0.5	0.6	2.8	0.3
October	-0.1	-1.0	0.0	0.2	3.5	-0.2
November	0.1	4.4	-0.2	0.8	3.5	0.5
December	1.0	7.3	0.4	1.2	1.0	1.3
2021
January	1.5	9.0	0.9	2.7	6.0	2.3
February	1.2	10.9	0.4	1.6	2.7	1.5
March	1.5	(r)8.0	0.9	2.5	(r)2.4	2.5
April	0.8	(r)1.7	(r)0.8	(r)1.2	(r)0.7	1.2
May	(r)1.4	(r)5.5	0.9	2.2	6.1	(r)1.8
June	1.0	4.7	0.7	1.2	1.5	1.1
Jun. 2019 to 2020	-4.0	-37.5	-0.2	-4.5	-4.5	-4.5
Jun. 2020 to 2021	11.2	85.1	6.5	16.8	33.5	15.0
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices increased 1.2 percent in June, after rising 6.0 percent from February to May. The price 
index for U.S. exports has not recorded a monthly decline since a 3.5-percent drop in April 2020. In June, 
higher prices for both agricultural and nonagricultural exports contributed to the overall advance in export 
prices. Prices for U.S. exports increased 16.8 percent from June 2020 to June 2021. The over-the-year 
advance in June followed a 17.5-percent rise for the year ended in May, which was the largest 12-month 
increase since the overall export price series was first published in September 1983. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports advanced 1.5 percent in June following a 6.1-percent 
rise the previous month. Agricultural export prices have not recorded a monthly decline since a 2.2-percent 
decrease in August 2020. In June, a 10.6-percent advance in meat prices more than offset lower prices for 
corn, wheat, and soybeans. Prices for agricultural exports increased 33.5 percent over the past 12 months, 
primarily driven by higher soybean and corn prices.               

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports advanced 1.1 percent in 
June, after rising 1.8 percent in May and 1.2 percent in April. In June, higher prices for nonagricultural 
industrial supplies and materials; capital goods; consumer goods; automotive vehicles; and nonagricultural 
foods all contributed to the increase in nonagricultural export prices. Prices for nonagricultural exports 
advanced 15.0 percent over the past year.           

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
increased 2.1 percent in June following a 4.3-percent rise the previous month. Both increases were primarily 
driven by higher fuel prices, which advanced 4.5 percent in June and 6.1 percent in May. The price index 
for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials rose 41.7 percent for the year ended in June.  

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods categories increased in June. The price index 
for export capital goods advanced 0.4 percent for the month and increased 1.7 percent over the past year. 
The 12-month rise was the largest over-the-year advance since the index increased 1.9 percent for the year 
ended September 2018. Export consumer goods prices rose 1.0 percent in June, the largest monthly advance 
since a 1.2-percent increase in June 2011. Prices for automotive vehicles rose 0.1 percent in June, after 
declining 0.3 percent in May.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China rose 0.4 percent for the sixth time in the past 7 
months in June. The price index for imports from China advanced 3.1 percent over the past year, the largest 
12-month increase since the index rose 3.3 percent for the year ended February 2012. Prices for imports 
from Japan declined 0.2 percent in June, after 0.3-percent and 0.5-percent increases in May and April, 
respectively. The June decrease was the first 1-month drop since the index edged down 0.1 percent in July 
2020. Despite the decrease, import prices from Japan rose 1.8 percent from June 2020 to June 2021. The 
price index for imports from Canada advanced 3.1 percent in June following a 5.1-percent increase the 
previous month. Prices for imports from Mexico and the European Union also rose in June, advancing 0.5 
percent and 0.1 percent, respectively. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China rose 0.7 percent in June, after advancing 
1.7 percent in May. The price index for exports to China has not recorded a monthly decline since the index 
fell 1.2 percent in September 2020. Prices for exports to China rose 14.3 percent over the past year. Export 
prices to Japan advanced 1.2 percent in June following a 3.2-percent rise the previous month. Prices for 
exports to Japan increased 15.8 percent for the year ended in June. Export prices to Canada rose 0.9 percent 
in June, after a 1.3-percent increase in May and 1.4-percent advances in April and March. Prices for exports 
to Canada advanced over the past 12 months, rising 14.9 percent. Export prices to Mexico increased 1.3 
percent in June and export prices to the European Union rose 1.1 percent. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China advanced 
0.3 percent in June following a 1.3-percent rise the previous month. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
China increased 11.0 percent over the past year. U.S. terms of trade with Japan advanced 1.4 percent in 
June, after a 2.9-percent rise in May. In June, both higher export prices to Japan and lower import prices 
from Japan contributed to the increase. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union advanced 
1.0 percent in June, the largest monthly rise for the index since a 1.3-percent increase in June 2020. U.S. 
terms of trade with Mexico also advanced in June, increasing 0.8 percent following a 7.4-percent advance 
the previous month. In contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with Canada declined 2.3 percent in June, 
after a 3.5-percent drop in May. U.S. terms of trade with Canada decreased 18.9 percent from June 2020 to 
June 2021. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares advanced 9.6 percent in June, after increasing 5.0 percent the previous 
month. The June rise was the largest advance since September 2018 and was driven by higher European and 
Asian fares. Import air passenger fares rose 16.3 percent for the year ended in June, the largest over-the-year 
advance since the index increased 16.7 percent from September 2009 to September 2010. Prices for import 
air freight rose 2.8 percent in June following a 5.4-percent increase in May and a 7.5-percent advance in 
April. Import air freight prices rose 12.8 percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares rose 7.8 percent in June, after declining 1.8 percent the 
previous month. The June increase was the largest monthly advance since January 2021 and was led by 
higher Latin American/Caribbean, Asian, and European fares. Export air passenger fares increased 26.9 
percent for the year ended in June. In contrast, export air freight prices decreased 0.5 percent in June and 2.2 
percent over the past 12 months.     
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for July are scheduled for release on Friday, August 13, 2021 at 
8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2020 to June 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance May 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2021	Jun. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2020 to Jun. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021
All commodities		100.000	132.8	134.1	11.2	1.5	0.8	1.4	1.0
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		84.370	104.7	105.3	6.4	0.8	0.7	1.1	0.6
All imports excluding petroleum		91.274	118.7	119.5	6.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.7
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		90.744	122.7	123.5	6.5	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.7
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.373	189.4	193.0	8.1	2.1	2.3	-0.3	1.9
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.951	205.1	208.4	6.5	2.4	2.0	-0.7	1.6
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.422	154.9	159.0	13.3	1.4	3.0	1.6	2.6
Industrial supplies & materials	1	25.354	229.3	235.9	49.6	5.6	2.4	5.1	2.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		16.923	200.0	204.1	34.7	4.0	2.5	5.0	2.1
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		16.180	225.8	230.0	34.0	4.3	2.9	4.9	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.814	232.5	237.0	42.3	5.0	2.7	6.0	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.813	159.5	163.1	22.9	2.2	2.0	3.2	2.3
Fuels & lubricants	10	9.256	237.7	248.8	85.1	8.0	1.7	5.5	4.7
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	8.726	255.8	267.6	87.7	8.8	2.4	5.4	4.6
Crude	10000	5.770	267.5	282.3	105.5	9.4	1.2	4.9	5.5
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.530	151.3	161.9	64.0	-1.9	-8.9	7.4	7.0
Gas-natural	10110	0.446	140.0	151.3	72.3	-2.0	-11.1	7.9	8.1
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.486	118.0	122.3	10.7	3.0	1.2	2.7	3.6
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.797	177.6	180.2	20.5	2.8	3.3	2.9	1.5
Selected building materials	13	2.490	257.9	270.4	84.4	6.4	6.0	14.4	4.8
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.592	355.8	357.4	53.9	6.9	1.9	5.3	0.4
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.997	185.6	190.6	21.0	3.9	2.5	2.1	2.7
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.735	117.5	118.3	5.5	0.3	1.0	1.6	0.7
Capital goods	2	27.178	89.2	89.4	1.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Electric generating equipment	20	3.332	121.9	121.9	0.4	0.2	0.5	-0.2	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	21.314	81.0	81.2	1.4	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.532	138.6	138.7	2.6	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.291	112.0	112.0	1.2	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	25.804	107.4	107.8	1.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.4
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.085	124.2	124.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	11.678	91.7	92.2	1.9	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.5
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.040	119.4	120.6	5.0	0.9	0.2	0.5	1.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2020 to June 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance May 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2021	Jun. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2020 to Jun. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021
All commodities		100.000	138.9	140.5	16.8	2.5	1.2	2.2	1.2
Agricultural commodities		10.582	226.9	230.2	33.5	2.4	0.7	6.1	1.5
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		76.772	109.7	110.2	9.1	1.6	1.4	1.1	0.5
Nonagricultural commodities		89.418	132.3	133.8	15.0	2.5	1.2	1.8	1.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.737	231.2	235.5	33.9	2.8	0.8	6.1	1.9
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	9.266	232.0	236.5	35.1	2.7	0.7	6.5	1.9
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.471	220.6	220.8	13.6	4.8	1.6	-0.9	0.1
Industrial supplies & materials	1	37.387	186.8	190.4	41.0	6.0	2.6	4.3	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.053	207.9	210.9	24.1	1.8	2.0	2.2	1.4
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		26.334	176.7	180.6	49.8	7.9	2.9	5.1	2.2
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.290	202.3	199.3	24.0	0.9	0.1	3.8	-1.5
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		36.097	186.3	190.2	41.7	6.2	2.8	4.3	2.1
Fuels & lubricants	11	13.491	196.8	205.7	67.6	8.0	0.2	6.1	4.5
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	21.666	200.0	201.3	30.0	5.3	4.3	3.3	0.7
Selected building materials	13	0.940	149.0	149.9	27.1	2.4	2.9	0.8	0.6
Capital goods	2	32.396	112.8	113.3	1.7	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.4
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.320	120.6	122.5	2.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	1.6
Nonelectrical machinery	21	21.254	95.8	96.2	1.3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.4
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	7.822	189.4	189.5	2.9	0.0	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	9.096	115.2	115.3	1.1	0.1	0.3	-0.3	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	11.385	111.6	112.7	3.3	0.7	0.1	0.6	1.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.726	109.4	109.9	2.4	1.1	-0.2	0.3	0.5
Durables, manufactured	41	4.460	108.8	109.5	2.2	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.6
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.200	99.1	103.4	11.5	1.1	0.2	3.6	4.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: June 2020 to June 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance May 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2021	Jun. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2020 to Jun. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		8.251	125.6	131.1	67.2	6.7	0.9	3.0	4.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.931	186.0	185.9	4.3	3.9	3.0	-2.8	-0.1
Crop production	111	1.562	196.5	196.4	1.5	3.7	3.2	-3.2	-0.1
Mining	21	6.321	121.5	128.5	97.4	7.7	0.2	4.9	5.8
Oil and gas extraction	211	6.044	120.9	127.9	101.7	8.2	0.2	4.9	5.8
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2020=100)	212	0.277	119.9	126.8	-	-1.0	1.1	6.0	5.8
Manufacturing		91.367	117.3	118.1	7.7	1.1	0.9	1.3	0.7
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.227	129.9	131.3	4.7	0.6	0.8	0.7	1.1
Food manufacturing	311	3.698	168.0	173.1	12.7	1.4	2.2	1.8	3.0
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.171	132.0	132.8	3.5	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.6
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.343	103.4	102.7	4.3	0.5	0.6	0.2	-0.7
Textile product mills	314	0.913	107.8	108.3	1.7	0.3	0.5	0.1	0.5
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.562	113.3	113.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	-0.2
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.540	124.4	124.9	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4
Manufacturing, part 2	32	19.903	139.8	141.9	19.5	2.6	2.2	3.7	1.5
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.865	254.7	272.5	160.3	9.7	8.6	21.7	7.0
Paper manufacturing	322	0.941	112.5	115.4	6.9	1.9	1.0	1.8	2.6
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.687	106.5	109.2	53.6	8.4	5.3	6.8	2.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.876	147.2	148.2	9.3	1.3	1.5	1.8	0.7
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.371	123.3	123.7	4.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.981	133.1	133.6	1.8	0.5	0.2	0.6	0.4
Manufacturing, part 3	33	60.237	108.1	108.5	4.8	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.4
Primary metal manufacturing	331	5.133	230.9	232.9	50.1	6.9	2.1	5.3	0.9
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.231	135.3	137.2	8.9	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.4
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.571	121.5	121.9	2.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	15.811	72.2	72.4	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.3
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.054	118.3	118.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.568	111.5	111.6	1.6	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.705	117.7	118.0	3.0	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.162	120.0	120.5	2.5	0.1	-0.3	0.2	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: June 2020 to June 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance May 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2021	Jun. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2020 to Jun. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		13.316	162.5	166.4	57.0	3.8	0.5	6.9	2.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.767	209.1	204.5	46.0	2.5	-0.6	9.9	-2.2
Crop production	111	5.402	221.1	215.9	46.4	2.2	-0.8	10.7	-2.4
Mining	21	7.549	91.8	97.2	66.2	5.0	1.2	4.8	5.9
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.091	107.4	109.5	21.9	3.0	3.3	3.2	2.0
Manufacturing		84.766	125.3	126.4	11.5	2.1	1.3	1.5	0.9
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.671	156.7	162.2	16.4	2.2	1.8	1.6	3.5
Food manufacturing	311	4.737	180.8	189.7	21.2	3.0	2.4	2.1	4.9
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.603	139.9	139.2	11.1	0.7	0.6	0.1	-0.5
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.493	130.1	131.2	29.3	6.4	2.5	3.9	0.8
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.530	129.8	131.8	37.0	5.0	5.6	2.0	1.5
Paper manufacturing	322	1.478	133.0	136.8	15.3	1.3	4.5	2.5	2.9
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.017	119.4	123.1	73.1	12.0	-1.1	8.2	3.1
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.523	140.3	139.7	23.7	6.3	4.1	3.2	-0.4
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.038	118.6	119.9	2.3	0.4	0.8	0.7	1.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.735	122.6	123.4	4.7	-0.3	0.2	-0.2	0.7
Manufacturing, part 3	33	52.602	120.0	120.6	4.0	0.3	0.6	0.6	0.5
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.365	208.5	211.7	30.0	1.5	3.7	3.8	1.5
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.744	155.6	156.0	4.1	0.2	0.5	0.3	0.3
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.560	133.0	132.9	2.2	0.2	0.7	0.6	-0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.403	81.9	82.6	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.9
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.393	119.1	119.8	1.5	0.3	0.4	0.0	0.6
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	15.925	131.9	132.0	2.0	0.1	0.2	-0.2	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.361	131.0	132.0	5.9	0.3	0.0	0.6	0.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.852	122.3	124.4	5.8	0.4	0.2	1.3	1.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2020 to June 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance May 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2021	Jun. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2020 to Jun. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	1.444	217.4	229.4	18.9	2.8	3.7	2.5	5.5
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.434	332.2	368.7	25.8	4.3	4.8	5.2	11.0
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.741	148.6	155.0	20.3	3.3	4.3	2.5	4.3
Vegetable products	II	1.943	217.1	216.3	1.3	3.7	2.9	-3.4	-0.4
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.334	388.8	383.2	-20.6	-8.0	6.6	-7.3	-1.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.713	113.9	114.1	-0.1	12.2	4.3	-10.9	0.2
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.374	238.2	246.0	15.8	2.9	-2.6	5.9	3.3
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.376	130.8	136.9	60.9	7.2	6.6	5.1	4.7
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.008	174.3	175.0	4.2	0.3	0.7	0.4	0.4
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.201	98.3	97.7	-3.6	-0.1	-1.7	0.3	-0.6
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.342	174.0	174.0	3.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.139	144.9	145.3	4.2	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.3
Mineral products	V	9.330	239.0	250.8	81.7	7.5	1.6	5.1	4.9
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.967	234.7	246.3	84.8	8.0	1.6	5.1	4.9
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.181	165.2	165.9	8.0	1.6	1.5	1.2	0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.633	380.2	387.4	43.8	12.9	6.4	4.2	1.9
Organic chemicals	29	2.371	140.4	140.0	16.6	2.8	2.6	3.7	-0.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.052	152.5	152.5	-1.2	0.0	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Fertilizers (Dec. 2020=100)	31	0.358	141.3	153.2	-	10.9	16.1	-1.5	8.4
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.608	110.7	111.2	10.4	0.3	0.6	1.7	0.5
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.751	153.4	153.7	11.2	0.2	0.0	1.7	0.2
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.511	156.6	158.0	13.1	0.5	0.4	2.8	0.9
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.241	149.6	147.7	7.6	-0.4	-0.8	-0.5	-1.3
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.523	133.1	133.4	1.1	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.2
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.912	368.0	396.2	160.1	9.8	8.9	21.2	7.7
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.868	259.8	280.1	166.5	10.1	9.2	21.7	7.8
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.959	117.1	119.8	6.0	1.7	0.5	2.0	2.3
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.628	106.6	107.4	0.8	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.8
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.636	115.2	115.1	0.6	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.876	105.6	105.2	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.3	-0.4
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.543	122.2	122.0	-0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.629	100.7	100.7	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.322	123.9	124.5	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.5
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.105	122.1	122.8	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.6
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.870	131.8	132.0	0.1	-0.1	0.4	0.2	0.2
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.315	99.5	99.6	-	-0.3	1.0	0.5	0.1
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.161	253.0	248.8	24.4	4.1	1.1	2.8	-1.7
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.998	207.4	213.2	29.8	3.9	1.5	3.1	2.8
Iron and steel	72	1.165	266.4	284.5	51.3	4.8	1.0	5.0	6.8
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.729	165.3	170.1	16.5	2.7	2.9	2.3	2.9
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.595	432.8	432.1	62.0	12.6	-0.7	7.7	-0.2
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.114	168.9	174.6	45.1	3.3	3.0	4.0	3.4
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.420	124.6	124.9	1.6	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.520	139.1	139.5	4.6	0.8	0.4	0.8	0.3
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.724	79.7	80.0	1.1	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.4
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.828	85.8	86.1	1.4	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	13.895	74.0	74.1	0.8	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.665	116.1	116.1	1.4	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.483	115.3	115.4	1.5	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	1.086	100.9	100.8	-	0.4	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.063	102.5	102.5	0.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.2	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.791	98.5	98.4	0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.040	112.0	112.5	1.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.4
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.499	118.7	119.4	2.4	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.6
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.280	101.0	101.2	-0.4	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.260	128.4	128.7	1.2	0.2	0.5	0.0	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: June 2020 to June 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance May 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			May 2021	Jun. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jun. 2020 to Jun. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	2.007	244.6	260.0	24.5	6.1	3.2	1.2	6.3
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.258	201.1	221.6	34.3	8.6	3.3	1.7	10.2
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.287	119.7	120.0	15.8	5.7	3.1	-1.2	0.3
Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2020=100)	04	0.332	104.0	102.3	-	-1.3	4.0	1.1	-1.6
Vegetable products	II	5.301	275.0	269.2	45.8	2.1	-0.8	10.5	-2.1
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.910	140.4	140.5	14.3	4.7	-2.9	-1.3	0.1
Cereals	10	1.637	313.4	296.2	62.4	-0.3	-1.2	23.0	-5.5
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.328	307.5	304.4	64.5	2.7	-0.4	9.9	-1.0
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.945	171.3	174.2	15.2	1.0	1.8	1.5	1.7
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.580	102.7	103.5	5.6	0.2	0.5	1.2	0.8
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.481	110.1	110.2	4.4	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.869	309.0	317.4	49.5	3.2	4.7	3.8	2.7
Mineral products	V	13.527	238.9	250.0	69.5	7.9	0.3	6.2	4.6
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.569	128.2	132.5	56.4	2.8	3.6	6.2	3.4
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	12.804	228.0	238.8	71.7	8.2	0.1	6.3	4.7
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.330	154.0	153.0	14.0	2.9	2.1	3.5	-0.6
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.639	141.0	141.6	1.1	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.4
Organic chemicals	29	2.916	182.2	172.8	33.1	5.5	5.5	2.6	-5.2
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.223	110.2	110.4	3.7	1.8	-0.5	0.2	0.2
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.819	132.2	135.1	5.8	0.1	1.2	0.5	2.2
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.416	126.6	126.6	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.7	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.176	188.4	189.6	21.2	3.9	3.2	13.0	0.6
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.706	176.6	176.9	30.0	8.1	6.0	0.7	0.2
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.918	179.6	179.5	35.6	9.5	7.0	0.8	-0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.788	154.4	156.4	3.3	0.5	0.7	0.3	1.3
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.628	125.2	127.2	33.5	3.8	4.7	2.1	1.6
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.836	139.0	143.3	16.7	1.7	4.8	1.9	3.1
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.692	162.1	173.0	45.1	5.0	10.3	5.5	6.7
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.906	128.5	129.5	5.3	0.1	2.3	-0.2	0.8
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.622	127.5	127.1	9.0	1.0	-0.6	1.8	-0.3
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.592	142.0	138.2	29.3	2.9	-2.3	5.3	-2.7
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.730	132.7	132.3	4.8	-0.4	-0.5	-0.5	-0.3
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.406	99.8	100.1	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.3
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.596	328.5	335.0	21.2	0.3	2.6	3.2	2.0
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.926	194.3	197.7	30.8	3.7	0.4	2.2	1.7
Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)	72	1.161	137.8	143.6	-	6.8	-1.6	2.3	4.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.674	279.1	287.6	73.6	11.2	2.6	8.1	3.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.852	135.8	137.7	51.2	3.6	1.3	0.4	1.4
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	25.773	98.8	99.3	1.3	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.5
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.493	118.1	118.5	2.4	0.2	0.7	0.3	0.3
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.280	78.2	78.8	-0.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.4	0.8
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	11.674	139.8	140.1	1.8	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.2
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	7.588	118.0	118.3	1.9	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.577	111.0	111.3	0.9	0.0	0.2	0.4	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.198	117.6	117.9	3.3	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.3
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.669	137.7	138.3	4.1	0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.4
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.379	89.9	89.9	1.0	0.0	0.7	0.3	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: June 2020 to June 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance May 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		May 2021	Jun. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Jun. 2020 to Jun. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	139.1	140.6	15.6	2.2	0.7	1.9	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	9.830	216.5	226.8	72.6	8.3	0.5	5.7	4.8
Manufacturing	89.357	132.2	133.0	10.6	1.6	0.8	1.5	0.6
Canada	100.000	169.2	174.5	41.6	4.7	1.8	5.1	3.1
Nonmanufacturing	25.815	213.7	224.3	75.2	8.6	0.5	5.7	5.0
Manufacturing	72.969	160.4	164.2	30.9	3.3	2.3	4.9	2.4
European Union	100.000	144.9	145.1	6.3	1.1	0.1	0.7	0.1
Manufacturing	98.887	140.7	141.0	6.3	1.0	0.1	0.7	0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	134.1	134.7	6.2	0.5	-0.1	0.4	0.4
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	117.9	117.3	4.1	1.2	-0.5	0.3	-0.5
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	131.6	129.9	9.0	2.4	-0.3	1.3	-1.3
Latin America(3)	100.000	153.4	155.9	10.3	1.3	0.7	1.0	1.6
Nonmanufacturing	13.317	265.9	278.7	39.4	6.2	1.0	-0.4	4.8
Manufacturing	86.412	125.9	127.3	6.5	0.6	0.6	1.2	1.1
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	131.7	132.3	4.3	0.9	0.8	0.2	0.5
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.199	148.1	145.8	29.3	11.5	5.9	-5.0	-1.6
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.557	90.3	90.9	2.7	0.0	0.3	0.8	0.7
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	100.1	100.4	2.8	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	100.6	101.0	3.1	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japan	100.000	98.6	98.4	1.8	0.2	0.5	0.3	-0.2
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	102.3	102.6	5.0	1.0	1.1	0.7	0.3
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	90.9	91.5	6.6	1.1	0.8	1.2	0.7
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	99.1	99.0	1.7	0.0	-0.1	0.3	-0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	190.7	197.7	56.7	4.7	1.0	3.5	3.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: June 2020 to June 2021 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance May 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		May 2021	Jun. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Jun. 2020 to Jun. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	110.6	111.8	11.8	1.1	0.8	1.7	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	11.836	123.4	127.3	51.4	3.2	-0.4	5.7	3.2
Manufacturing	86.522	109.0	109.9	7.6	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.8
Canada	100.000	113.9	114.9	14.9	1.4	1.4	1.3	0.9
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	9.705	128.5	130.7	-	1.6	0.0	5.8	1.7
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	88.943	106.2	107.0	-	1.5	1.5	0.9	0.8
European Union	100.000	110.5	111.7	10.0	1.1	0.4	1.1	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	13.533	119.5	124.0	59.0	5.2	-0.4	4.9	3.8
Manufacturing	84.986	108.2	108.9	4.7	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.6
Germany	100.000	109.2	109.8	4.5	0.2	-0.2	0.6	0.5
Latin America(3)	100.000	117.9	119.7	27.6	4.6	1.4	5.3	1.5
Nonmanufacturing	9.970	155.9	155.1	64.5	1.7	-0.6	11.0	-0.5
Manufacturing	89.598	114.8	116.9	24.8	4.9	1.8	4.6	1.8
Mexico	100.000	120.7	122.3	29.0	4.0	2.7	7.7	1.3
Nonmanufacturing	8.367	149.0	147.9	66.4	-2.9	-0.3	16.0	-0.7
Manufacturing	91.288	118.8	120.7	26.9	4.8	2.9	6.9	1.6
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	109.2	110.3	13.5	2.5	0.5	1.8	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	17.863	118.9	121.3	50.5	3.1	0.5	7.5	2.0
Manufacturing	79.122	106.1	107.0	6.3	2.1	0.5	0.4	0.8
China	100.000	108.4	109.2	14.3	3.6	0.9	1.7	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	16.257	120.8	123.4	67.9	4.1	0.0	9.6	2.2
Manufacturing	81.558	107.3	107.6	6.9	3.4	0.9	0.1	0.3
Japan	100.000	111.0	112.3	15.8	1.3	0.3	3.2	1.2
Nonmanufacturing	24.208	130.0	133.1	74.0	3.2	-0.3	11.6	2.4
Manufacturing	73.049	103.2	104.5	2.8	0.2	0.2	0.5	1.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: June 2020 to June 2021(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	May 2021	Jun. 2021	Annual	Monthly
			Jun. 2020 to Jun. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	97.3	97.3	-3.4	-1.0	0.2	-0.3	0.0
Canada	88.5	86.5	-18.9	-3.2	-0.3	-3.5	-2.3
European Union	102.6	103.6	3.5	0.0	0.3	0.4	1.0
Germany	106.6	107.7	0.4	-1.0	0.4	0.4	1.0
Latin America(3)	114.4	114.3	15.7	3.2	0.8	4.2	-0.1
Mexico	118.2	119.2	23.7	3.1	1.9	7.4	0.8
Pacific Rim(4)	107.3	108.1	10.4	2.0	0.2	1.3	0.7
China	107.9	108.2	11.0	3.2	0.5	1.3	0.3
Japan	107.5	109.0	13.8	1.2	-0.3	2.9	1.4
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: June 2020 to June 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance May 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		May 2021	Jun. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Jun. 2020 to Jun. 2021	Feb. 2021 to Mar. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	339.3	348.7	12.8	-4.2	7.5	5.4	2.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	22.628	249.5	253.2	17.5	-1.7	-0.2	0.4	1.5
Asia	68.075	354.8	367.5	8.7	-5.6	6.9	8.0	3.6
Export Air Freight	100.000	165.4	164.5	-2.2	0.9	-2.5	-0.2	-0.5
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	30.868	141.8	142.9	-6.2	0.3	-8.0	0.7	0.8
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	41.157	118.7	116.0	-4.7	2.5	0.1	-0.4	-2.3
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	256.9	265.1	10.4	-3.0	4.4	6.1	3.2
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	22.023	174.3	176.3	5.9	-1.6	-0.9	0.5	1.1
Asia	67.017	268.4	280.2	10.5	-3.9	3.7	9.1	4.4
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	149.2	141.9	-5.3	0.4	-1.1	-8.0	-4.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	31.866	163.0	164.0	-7.0	0.2	-6.0	0.6	0.6
Asia	46.551	139.6	124.1	-8.0	0.9	0.5	-15.8	-11.1
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	154.6	169.4	16.3	-3.6	0.9	5.0	9.6
Europe	38.405	145.8	163.1	7.8	2.2	1.9	-0.4	11.9
Asia	33.686	184.3	206.5	46.5	-9.1	-2.9	14.9	12.0
Latin America/Caribbean	6.717	116.0	133.6	8.7	-0.7	12.4	4.4	15.2
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	157.4	169.7	26.9	-1.5	0.2	-1.8	7.8
Europe	28.490	186.8	194.7	25.0	-4.6	-2.3	1.6	4.2
Asia	28.969	165.3	179.5	36.7	-1.2	-8.5	-3.2	8.6
Latin America/Caribbean	21.570	138.8	159.1	11.3	-1.0	13.9	-4.3	14.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
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