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                                U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - JULY 2020                                

U.S. import prices increased 0.7 percent in July, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
following a 1.4-percent advance in June and a 0.7-percent rise in May. The increases for all 3 months were 
primarily driven by higher fuel prices. The price index for U.S. exports advanced 0.8 percent in July, after 
rising 1.2 percent the previous month.

Imports 

U.S. import prices rose for the third consecutive month in July, increasing 0.7 percent for the month and 2.8 
percent from April to July, the largest 3-month advance since May 2011. The July advance was led by rising 
fuel prices; nonfuel prices also contributed to the increase. Despite the advance over the past 3 months, the 
price index for U.S. imports declined 3.3 percent over the past year. (See table 1.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
	   Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on July 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data
	   
The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make any changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the July release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for July 
were 4.9-percentage points lower than those in July 2019. A small number of indexes that are normally 
published were not published in July. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/import-
export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-july-2020.htm.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices advanced 6.9 percent in July, after increasing 21.9 percent and 13.7 
percent the 2 previous months. The 48.2-percent rise from April to July was the largest 3-month advance 
since the index increased 58.6 percent in the third quarter of 1990. Despite the recent increases, import fuel 
prices fell 32.8 percent over the past 12 months. In July, a 7.8-percent advance in petroleum prices more 
than offset a 9.1-percent decline in natural gas prices. The July rise in petroleum prices followed increases 
of 23.1 percent in June and 14.3 percent in May; import petroleum prices fell 34.6 percent over the past 
year. In contrast, natural gas prices advanced 45.1 percent for the year ended in July. 
 
All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports advanced 0.2 percent in July following 
increases of 0.3 percent in June and 0.1 percent in May. In July, the rise was driven by higher prices for 
nonfuel industrial supplies and materials, capital goods, and consumer goods which more than offset lower 
prices for foods, feeds, and beverages and automotive vehicles. Prices for nonfuel imports were unchanged 
from July 2019 to July 2020. 
 
Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials rose 1.2 
percent in July, after increasing 1.3 percent the previous month. The July advance was led by higher prices 
for unfinished metals and lumber. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in July. Capital goods prices rose 0.3 percent, the largest 
monthly advance since February 2018. The price index for consumer goods increased 0.2 percent, led by 
higher prices for nontextile apparel goods and medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical materials. In contrast, 
prices for automotive vehicles decreased 0.2 percent in July.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for foods, feeds, and beverages decreased 1.2 percent in July, 
after a 0.4-percent drop in June. The July decline was driven by a 10.4-percent drop in meat prices and a 
5.5-percent fall in fruit prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2019
July	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2
August	-0.6	-4.2	-0.1	-0.6	-2.4	-0.3
September	0.1	1.0	-0.1	-0.3	-1.6	-0.2
October	-0.4	-1.6	-0.3	0.0	1.7	-0.2
November	0.2	2.2	-0.1	0.1	2.4	-0.1
December	0.2	1.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
2020
January	0.2	-0.1	0.3	0.6	2.0	0.6
February	-0.7	-9.1	0.2	-1.2	-2.9	-1.1
March	-2.4	-26.5	0.0	-1.4	-1.4	-1.4
April	-2.6	(r)-30.9	-0.5	(r)-3.5	(r)-3.3	-3.5
May	(r)0.7	(r)13.7	0.1	(r)0.0	-0.5	(r)-0.1
June	1.4	21.9	0.3	(r)1.2	(r)1.5	(r)1.2
July	0.7	6.9	0.2	0.8	1.5	0.7
July 2018 to 2019	-2.0	-7.2	-1.2	-0.9	3.5	-1.5
July 2019 to 2020	-3.3	-32.8	0.0	-4.4	-3.3	-4.6
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices advanced 0.8 percent in July following a 1.2-percent increase the previous month. Higher 
prices for nonagricultural exports and agricultural exports both contributed to the July rise. Despite the 
upturn in the past 2 months, the price index for U.S. exports decreased 4.4 percent for the year ended in 
July. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices advanced 1.5 percent for the second consecutive month in 
July, the first monthly increases since January. In July, rising prices for soybeans, dairy products, corn, 
vegetables, cotton, and fruit more than offset falling prices for meat, nuts, and wheat. Prices for agricultural 
exports declined 3.3 percent over the past 12 months, led by a 15.4-perent decrease in corn prices, a 21.6-
percent drop in nut prices, and a 5.7-percent fall in meat prices.   

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports increased 0.7 percent in 
July, after advancing 1.2 percent in June. The July rise was primarily driven by increasing prices for 
nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials; rising prices for capital goods and consumer goods also 
contributed to the overall advance. In contrast, automotive vehicles prices and prices for nonagricultural 
foods, feeds, and beverages declined in July. Despite the increases in the past 2 months, nonagricultural 
prices declined 4.6 percent over the past year.       

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials exports rose 2.1 percent in July following advances of 4.2 percent in June and 0.2 percent in May. 
The index rose 6.6 percent from April to July, after decreasing 16.9 percent the previous 3 months. The July 
increase was led by a 4.7-percent advance in export fuel prices.     

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in July. The price index for export capital goods rose 
0.2 percent following declines of 0.2 percent in June and 0.1 percent in May. Consumer goods prices 
advanced 0.5 percent in July, the largest 1-month increase since July 2016. The July 2020 rise followed 
decreases in each of the previous 4 months and was driven by a 1.4-percent advance in prices for medicinal, 
dental, and pharmaceutical materials. In contrast, prices for automotive vehicles fell 0.3 percent, after 
edging down 0.1 percent in June, May, and April.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China rose 0.2 percent in July, after no change the 
previous month. The price index for imports from China fell 0.5 percent from July 2019 to July 2020, the 
smallest 12-month decrease since January 2019. Prices for imports from Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in July 
following a 0.3-percent increase in June and a 0.3-percent decrease in May. Import prices from Japan also 
rose 0.1 percent over the past year. Prices for imports from Canada advanced 2.3 percent in July, after rising 
13.1 percent in June. Both monthly increases were driven by higher petroleum prices. The price index for 
imports from Canada declined 10.1 percent over the past 12 months. Import prices from the European Union 
increased 0.6 percent in July and prices for imports from Mexico rose 0.1 percent. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China rose 1.2 percent in July, after increasing 
1.5 percent in June and 1.0 percent in May. The 3.7-percent advance from April to July was the largest 3-
month rise since the index was first published in December 2017. Despite the recent advances, export prices 
to China decreased 3.5 percent for the year ended in July. The price index for exports to Japan increased 0.7 
percent in July following a 2.6-percent rise the previous month. Prices for exports to Japan declined over the 
past 12 months, falling 4.8 percent. Export prices to Canada advanced 1.1 percent in July, the largest 
monthly increase since the index rose 1.5 percent in March 2019. The July advance followed 0.5-percent 
and 0.1-percent increases the previous 2 months. Despite the recent advances, prices for exports to Canada 
declined 4.5 percent over the past year. The price indexes for exports to the European Union and Mexico 
also rose in July, increasing 1.0 percent and 0.9 percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 
increased 0.9 percent in July, after advancing 1.5 percent in June and 1.1 percent in May. The increase of 
3.5 percent from April to July was the largest 3-month advance since the index was first published in 
December 2017. In July, higher export prices to China more than offset rising import prices from China. 
The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 0.6 percent in July following a 2.3-percent increase the 
previous month. The U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico also advanced in July, rising 
0.4 percent and 0.8 percent, respectively. In contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with Canada 
decreased in July, falling 1.1 percent, after declining 11.1 percent in June. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 4.0 percent in July following a 7.0-percent increase in June. 
The July decrease was led by lower European fares which more than offset higher Asian fares. The index 
for air passenger fares fell 16.5 percent from July 2019 to July 2020. Import air freight prices declined 14.3 
percent in July, after falling 3.1 percent the previous month. The July decrease was the largest 1-month 
decline since the index was first published monthly in December 2005. Despite the drop, import air freight 
prices rose 51.8 percent for the year ended in July. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares rose for the second consecutive month, advancing 5.5 percent in July 
following a 6.4-percent increase in June. Those increases followed a 20.3-percent drop from January to 
May. The July advance was led by higher European, Asian, and Latin American/Caribbean fares. The index 
for export air passenger fares declined 11.5 percent over the past 12 months. Export air freight prices edged 
down 0.1 percent in July, after rising 2.2 percent in June and 0.7 percent in May. Prices for export air freight 
advanced 1.0 percent for the year ended in July.  
		
Import and Export Price Index data for August are scheduled for release on Tuesday, September 15, 2020 at 
8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2019 to July 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance June 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2020	July 2020	Annual	Monthly
					July 2019 to July 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020	June 2020 to July 2020
All commodities		100.000	120.7	121.5	-3.3	-2.6	0.7	1.4	0.7
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		87.128	99.0	99.3	0.1	-0.4	0.0	0.3	0.3
All imports excluding petroleum		93.858	112.0	112.2	0.3	-0.5	0.2	0.3	0.2
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		93.487	116.0	116.2	0.0	-0.5	0.1	0.3	0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.360	179.0	176.8	-1.3	-1.6	2.0	-0.4	-1.2
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.970	196.2	192.9	-1.6	-1.7	3.3	-0.2	-1.7
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.390	140.2	140.7	-0.1	-1.0	-2.3	-1.1	0.4
Industrial supplies & materials	1	20.446	157.9	162.8	-14.1	-12.2	3.1	7.0	3.1
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.520	151.3	152.7	0.7	-3.3	-0.4	1.4	0.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		13.950	171.5	173.6	-0.5	-3.3	-0.5	1.3	1.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.844	166.5	169.6	2.2	-4.3	-0.2	1.9	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.460	132.3	131.5	-2.0	-1.7	-0.5	0.6	-0.6
Fuels & lubricants	10	6.513	135.5	144.9	-32.8	-30.9	13.7	21.9	6.9
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	6.142	143.9	155.1	-34.6	-32.4	14.3	23.1	7.8
Crude	10000	4.000	139.8	150.6	-38.4	-36.6	18.9	35.6	7.7
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.371	98.7	91.0	30.2	-3.2	5.3	4.2	-7.8
Gas-natural	10110	0.311	87.8	79.8	45.1	-3.3	6.4	5.3	-9.1
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.524	110.5	108.9	-6.8	-1.6	0.1	3.0	-1.4
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.565	149.0	149.5	-4.7	-1.6	-1.2	-0.1	0.3
Selected building materials	13	1.592	146.7	153.4	7.3	-4.6	0.8	2.9	4.6
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.563	232.1	237.0	2.4	-8.1	-1.4	3.2	2.1
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.848	157.7	159.0	0.9	-0.1	1.2	0.3	0.8
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.841	112.1	112.2	-0.7	-0.3	-0.3	0.2	0.1
Capital goods	2	29.566	88.2	88.5	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3
Electric generating equipment	20	3.753	121.3	121.3	1.4	0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.382	80.2	80.4	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.4	0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.431	135.2	135.4	-1.0	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	16.183	110.7	110.5	0.7	0.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.445	106.6	106.8	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.555	124.0	124.5	0.6	0.0	-0.1	0.2	0.4
Durables, manufactured	41	12.604	90.6	90.6	-0.9	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.286	114.9	114.9	-1.5	-	-	1.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2019 to July 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance June 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2020	July 2020	Annual	Monthly
					July 2019 to July 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020	June 2020 to July 2020
All commodities		100.000	119.6	120.6	-4.4	-3.5	0.0	1.2	0.8
Agricultural commodities		9.421	172.2	174.8	-3.3	-3.3	-0.5	1.5	1.5
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.319	100.9	101.3	-0.2	-0.5	-0.2	0.0	0.4
Nonagricultural commodities		90.579	115.6	116.4	-4.6	-3.5	-0.1	1.2	0.7
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.718	175.7	178.4	-3.2	-3.1	-0.5	1.1	1.5
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.195	174.9	177.8	-2.8	-3.4	-0.5	1.8	1.7
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.523	193.8	192.4	-9.4	0.7	-1.4	-8.1	-0.7
Industrial supplies & materials	1	30.055	132.6	135.2	-12.7	-10.2	0.2	4.0	2.0
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.071	170.1	172.3	4.1	-1.8	0.4	1.2	1.3
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		18.983	117.2	120.0	-20.2	-14.6	0.2	5.8	2.4
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.199	160.8	161.5	-6.6	-3.4	0.0	-0.1	0.4
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		28.856	131.7	134.4	-13.0	-10.4	0.2	4.2	2.1
Fuels & lubricants	11	7.963	114.7	120.1	-34.2	-29.5	1.5	15.6	4.7
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.926	154.9	156.6	-0.3	-2.0	-0.1	0.4	1.1
Selected building materials	13	0.967	117.9	118.1	-1.7	-0.2	-0.2	0.5	0.2
Capital goods	2	38.204	111.2	111.4	0.6	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.2
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.965	120.0	120.1	1.9	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	24.819	94.8	94.9	0.3	0.0	-0.2	-0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.420	184.0	184.6	1.0	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.3
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.237	114.1	113.8	-0.7	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.786	109.1	109.6	-1.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1	0.5
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.178	107.3	108.3	-0.4	-0.6	-0.3	0.2	0.9
Durables, manufactured	41	5.166	107.1	107.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.5	0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.442	92.8	92.6	-6.5	-	-	0.1	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: July 2019 to July 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance June 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2020	July 2020	Annual	Monthly
					July 2019 to July 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020	June 2020 to July 2020
Nonmanufacturing		6.545	79.3	82.8	-28.5	-24.2	12.4	20.0	4.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.956	178.3	176.4	-1.7	-3.3	6.1	-0.5	-1.1
Crop production	111	1.630	193.5	190.8	-1.2	-2.9	8.3	-0.6	-1.4
Mining	21	4.589	66.1	70.6	-35.4	-33.2	16.4	31.4	6.8
Oil and gas extraction	211	4.329	64.5	69.0	-36.8	-35.2	18.1	33.8	7.0
Manufacturing		93.154	109.7	110.2	-0.8	-1.1	0.1	0.4	0.5
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.719	125.5	125.1	0.1	-0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.3
Food manufacturing	311	3.621	154.3	152.1	-1.4	-1.3	0.9	0.3	-1.4
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.203	128.3	128.4	4.4	-0.1	-0.7	0.0	0.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.380	98.5	102.0	0.9	0.6	0.2	-0.1	3.6
Textile product mills	314	0.958	106.4	106.7	-1.5	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	0.3
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.864	113.0	113.0	0.4	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.694	124.2	124.0	0.5	0.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	17.961	118.5	120.5	-4.8	-4.4	0.5	1.0	1.7
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	0.860	104.8	114.5	-	-8.5	1.6	5.8	9.3
Paper manufacturing	322	1.026	107.8	106.8	-4.0	-1.5	0.0	2.1	-0.9
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	1.953	70.5	76.2	-27.1	-26.9	8.6	5.5	8.1
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.367	135.4	135.8	-2.3	-0.9	-0.7	0.1	0.3
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.445	118.8	120.6	1.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.3	1.5
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.111	131.2	130.9	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	63.473	103.6	103.8	0.3	-0.3	0.0	0.3	0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.131	155.1	158.5	2.3	-6.6	-0.5	2.4	2.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.315	126.0	126.3	0.0	0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.973	119.4	120.0	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.5
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.645	72.2	72.3	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.676	118.0	117.9	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.247	109.8	109.6	0.6	0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.943	114.6	114.7	-1.7	0.0	-0.2	-0.4	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.544	117.6	118.3	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: July 2019 to July 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance June 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2020	July 2020	Annual	Monthly
					July 2019 to July 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020	June 2020 to July 2020
Nonmanufacturing		8.200	99.4	102.6	-22.1	-13.2	1.5	5.2	3.2
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.507	140.1	143.6	-6.4	-4.9	-1.1	0.4	2.5
Crop production	111	4.188	147.5	151.3	-5.8	-5.3	-1.2	1.4	2.6
Mining	21	3.693	51.0	53.0	-35.6	-22.8	5.3	11.6	3.9
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.156	89.8	88.7	-22.0	-2.1	-2.9	-2.0	-1.2
Manufacturing		90.510	113.4	114.0	-2.6	-2.6	-0.3	0.9	0.5
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.949	139.1	139.5	-1.6	-1.3	0.1	0.8	0.3
Food manufacturing	311	4.754	156.5	157.2	-1.6	-1.8	0.2	1.3	0.4
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.672	123.1	123.4	0.0	0.7	0.3	-0.1	0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	23.034	101.5	103.1	-10.9	-8.8	-1.0	3.0	1.6
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.490	96.3	96.2	-1.1	2.2	-0.5	0.6	-0.1
Paper manufacturing	322	1.561	118.6	117.8	-5.2	0.8	-0.3	0.5	-0.7
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	4.201	71.1	74.3	-33.5	-34.3	-3.1	19.7	4.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.294	112.9	114.4	-4.0	-2.3	-0.8	-0.1	1.3
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.414	117.2	117.0	0.2	0.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.867	117.9	118.1	0.3	-0.7	-0.3	0.3	0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	60.528	115.9	116.2	1.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.3
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.555	162.9	166.3	12.7	-1.2	0.9	1.7	2.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.203	150.0	150.0	1.4	-0.3	0.2	0.1	0.0
Machinery manufacturing	333	10.203	130.0	130.2	0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	14.366	82.2	82.4	0.5	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.2
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.949	117.9	118.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	18.343	129.4	129.4	0.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.417	124.7	124.7	2.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.492	117.7	117.7	-2.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2019 to July 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance June 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2020	July 2020	Annual	Monthly
					July 2019 to July 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020	June 2020 to July 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.398	194.9	188.1	-3.6	-2.4	1.4	1.5	-3.5
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.441	302.6	264.6	0.8	-2.9	12.6	7.0	-12.6
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.691	128.8	130.0	-6.8	-2.4	-3.7	-2.1	0.9
Vegetable products	II	2.001	213.5	210.7	-0.7	-2.0	7.0	-0.3	-1.3
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.468	482.7	488.7	4.7	2.2	15.0	-2.4	1.2
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.690	114.2	106.7	-15.9	-6.1	6.6	-1.4	-6.6
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.341	212.5	220.3	11.5	-1.1	1.1	-0.7	3.7
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.249	85.1	86.2	2.0	-5.0	1.3	-0.8	1.3
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.057	167.4	167.3	1.2	-0.6	-0.7	-0.4	-0.1
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.213	101.8	99.2	0.8	-4.8	0.4	0.8	-2.6
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.375	169.0	168.4	-1.6	0.0	-1.1	0.1	-0.4
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.142	138.0	138.1	3.8	-0.3	-0.9	-0.5	0.1
Mineral products	V	6.694	139.1	148.3	-31.2	-29.1	12.8	20.4	6.6
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	6.343	134.4	143.7	-32.5	-30.7	13.8	21.8	6.9
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.736	153.6	154.1	-1.7	-1.1	-0.5	-0.1	0.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.466	268.3	265.7	-8.4	-4.0	-2.2	-0.4	-1.0
Organic chemicals	29	2.110	120.0	121.0	-4.9	-3.9	-1.0	-0.6	0.8
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.070	154.4	155.1	0.5	0.1	-0.2	0.1	0.5
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.639	102.9	103.3	-0.7	-0.4	-0.3	0.0	0.4
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.606	100.6	100.1	-3.3	-0.1	0.3	0.1	-0.5
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.718	138.2	141.5	0.9	-0.8	-0.8	1.3	2.4
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.482	139.7	142.2	-0.6	-1.2	-1.0	1.3	1.8
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.235	137.3	142.2	3.8	0.1	-0.4	1.3	3.6
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.640	125.0	124.3	0.1	0.0	-0.2	0.2	-0.6
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.614	131.9	131.2	0.4	0.0	-0.2	0.2	-0.5
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.888	152.5	166.4	14.0	-8.3	1.5	5.9	9.1
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	0.863	105.3	115.2	-	-8.5	1.5	6.1	9.4
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.052	112.8	111.9	-5.0	-1.8	0.2	1.7	-0.8
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.725	106.3	105.4	-4.4	-1.7	0.1	0.5	-0.8
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.996	114.4	114.7	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.3
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	2.027	105.3	105.2	-0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.680	122.4	122.5	1.6	0.4	0.0	0.4	0.1
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.650	100.2	100.3	-2.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.5	0.1
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.423	124.5	124.5	1.5	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.191	122.9	122.9	1.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.996	131.9	131.7	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.028	200.0	202.4	10.7	-6.2	-0.3	2.9	1.2
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.492	164.3	166.0	-4.2	-2.0	-0.1	0.7	1.0
Iron and steel	72	1.075	187.6	186.8	-12.6	-2.9	-3.8	0.3	-0.4
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.724	146.0	146.5	-1.6	0.0	-0.2	0.2	0.3
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.428	266.8	277.6	0.9	-7.1	8.9	3.9	4.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.881	120.3	124.9	-4.1	-3.2	-1.0	0.9	3.8
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.476	122.9	123.1	-0.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.545	133.6	133.8	-1.7	0.1	-0.3	-0.1	0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	31.499	79.1	79.3	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.3
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.029	84.9	85.2	-0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.470	73.7	73.7	0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.276	114.5	114.1	0.7	0.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.3
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	13.121	113.7	113.3	0.8	0.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.4
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.210	102.0	102.2	0.5	0.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.2
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.930	98.2	98.3	0.1	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.571	110.9	110.9	-0.9	-0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.875	116.6	116.5	-1.4	-0.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.418	101.7	101.6	0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.278	127.2	126.8	-1.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2019 to July 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance June 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2020	July 2020	Annual	Monthly
					July 2019 to July 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020	June 2020 to July 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.999	209.4	209.2	-3.9	-3.1	0.6	1.9	-0.1
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.214	165.4	159.1	-8.0	-4.9	5.6	0.3	-3.8
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.319	103.6	102.4	-12.1	2.1	-2.3	-9.8	-1.2
Vegetable products	II	4.199	184.6	189.3	-5.1	-4.2	-1.6	1.8	2.5
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.898	122.9	120.8	-11.4	-6.5	0.0	-3.8	-1.7
Cereals	10	1.365	182.4	186.4	-8.9	-6.4	-4.3	2.6	2.2
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.455	184.9	192.5	1.3	-2.0	-2.0	1.1	4.1
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.108	150.6	153.5	-0.8	-1.6	0.8	0.1	1.9
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100)	20	0.336	96.7	95.9	-	-0.5	-0.8	-0.6	-0.8
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.600	97.9	99.1	0.4	-0.8	-0.7	-0.6	1.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.564	103.4	111.4	-1.2	-7.2	6.2	3.5	7.7
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.730	212.2	211.9	-2.4	0.3	0.0	-1.4	-0.1
Mineral products	V	7.883	137.7	143.7	-34.7	-29.3	0.9	15.4	4.4
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.371	84.7	88.8	-8.2	-3.2	-3.0	2.0	4.8
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	7.307	129.2	134.9	-36.2	-31.1	1.2	16.8	4.4
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.109	134.0	135.0	-2.7	-1.1	-0.7	-0.2	0.7
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.742	140.0	138.0	-8.9	-0.9	1.7	-0.1	-1.4
Organic chemicals	29	2.394	128.6	129.5	-9.3	-3.0	-2.7	-1.7	0.7
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.251	106.5	108.4	0.4	-1.0	-0.4	0.6	1.8
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.550	103.7	106.1	0.9	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	2.3
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.898	127.7	127.9	-2.4	-0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.2
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.513	125.3	126.0	1.4	0.0	-0.4	0.2	0.6
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.087	156.4	156.4	0.4	-0.6	-0.3	-0.1	0.0
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.156	136.4	136.8	-4.9	-1.9	-1.3	-0.7	0.3
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.242	132.8	133.2	-5.5	-2.2	-1.5	-0.8	0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.914	151.1	151.6	-1.7	-1.0	-0.1	0.1	0.3
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.605	95.5	95.5	-1.0	2.5	0.0	0.5	0.0
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.882	122.8	122.4	-0.1	1.3	1.3	0.3	-0.3
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.522	119.2	117.9	-	5.0	6.3	0.6	-1.1
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.066	123.0	122.5	-2.5	0.6	-0.4	0.2	-0.4
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.711	116.6	117.4	-3.1	-3.0	0.8	0.2	0.7
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.464	106.9	110.3	-5.2	-10.5	3.3	1.2	3.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.836	126.3	126.8	-0.5	-0.3	-0.2	0.1	0.4
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.488	99.6	99.6	-	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	5.032	276.4	280.1	11.6	-0.8	1.0	1.2	1.3
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.649	151.5	154.1	-2.2	-3.2	-0.1	0.9	1.7
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.486	165.7	181.4	1.9	-10.7	2.1	6.6	9.5
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.656	91.1	94.2	-8.5	-4.9	-2.9	-0.5	3.4
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.355	156.0	156.0	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.640	97.8	97.9	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.3	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	17.651	115.6	115.8	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.4	0.2
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.989	78.7	78.7	0.8	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.926	137.6	137.6	0.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.360	116.1	116.0	-0.4	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	6.288	110.3	110.4	0.3	-0.5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.412	114.1	114.1	1.1	0.3	-0.3	0.3	0.0
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.786	132.9	132.8	1.5	0.3	-0.1	0.2	-0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.462	89.0	89.3	1.2	0.3	-0.7	0.6	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: July 2019 to July 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance June 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		June 2020	July 2020	Annual	Monthly
				July 2019 to July 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020	June 2020 to July 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	121.6	122.6	-3.4	-4.3	0.6	3.9	0.8
Nonmanufacturing	8.327	131.1	138.9	-24.6	-38.3	12.0	69.6	5.9
Manufacturing	91.165	120.2	120.6	-0.7	-1.6	0.0	0.4	0.3
Canada	100.000	122.5	125.3	-10.1	-11.8	1.9	13.1	2.3
Nonmanufacturing	24.953	125.6	133.4	-25.9	-41.1	13.9	76.4	6.2
Manufacturing	74.177	125.3	126.5	-2.8	-3.6	-0.2	1.0	1.0
European Union	100.000	136.5	137.3	0.1	-0.7	-0.1	0.4	0.6
Manufacturing	98.980	132.7	133.5	-0.1	-0.7	-0.2	0.5	0.6
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	126.8	128.4	0.3	-0.9	-0.2	0.5	1.3
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	112.6	112.5	0.1	0.0	-0.7	-0.1	-0.1
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	119.3	119.5	-2.0	-4.8	0.8	0.1	0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	141.2	142.5	-3.6	-2.7	1.8	1.4	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	12.141	199.7	206.0	-23.4	-20.5	17.5	8.7	3.2
Manufacturing	87.564	119.2	120.0	0.2	-0.3	0.1	0.3	0.7
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	126.6	126.7	-0.8	-0.8	1.4	0.8	0.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	6.785	112.4	111.0	-26.0	-21.4	19.6	6.5	-1.2
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	92.926	88.4	88.6	1.8	0.7	0.3	0.5	0.2
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	97.7	97.9	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.0	98.2	-0.5	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Japan	100.000	96.7	96.8	0.1	-0.2	-0.3	0.3	0.1
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	95.4	95.5	-3.4	-0.8	-2.5	0.2	0.1
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	85.8	86.3	-2.2	-0.7	0.1	0.7	0.6
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.4	98.3	0.9	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.9
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	124.8	128.6	-29.0	-4.8	2.3	-6.2	3.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: July 2019 to July 2020 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance June 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		June 2020	July 2020	Annual	Monthly
				July 2019 to July 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020	June 2020 to July 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	99.1	100.0	-3.2	-2.6	0.0	0.8	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	7.830	76.0	77.0	-29.6	-16.9	1.9	7.6	1.3
Manufacturing	90.867	102.0	102.8	-0.3	-1.3	-0.2	0.3	0.8
Canada	100.000	98.9	100.0	-4.5	-3.0	0.1	0.5	1.1
European Union	100.000	100.6	101.6	-3.5	-2.5	-0.2	0.8	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	6.951	69.5	71.5	-32.3	-18.1	0.8	6.8	2.9
Manufacturing	91.862	104.0	104.9	-0.5	-1.1	-0.3	0.3	0.9
Germany	100.000	104.9	105.9	1.5	-1.3	0.9	-0.1	1.0
Latin America(3)	100.000	93.6	95.2	-6.3	-5.8	-0.3	2.2	1.7
Nonmanufacturing	7.015	92.4	97.4	-7.4	-5.8	-0.7	3.2	5.4
Manufacturing	92.465	93.7	95.0	-6.3	-5.9	-0.2	2.1	1.4
Mexico	100.000	94.8	95.7	-5.2	-5.2	1.4	0.6	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	5.518	88.8	94.3	-3.9	-3.7	0.0	0.6	6.2
Manufacturing	93.872	95.1	95.7	-5.3	-5.4	1.5	0.6	0.6
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	97.3	95.8	-4.9	-2.3	-0.1	2.1	-1.5
Nonmanufacturing	12.879	81.7	73.6	-28.2	-15.0	1.3	13.2	-9.9
Manufacturing	85.365	100.5	100.2	-0.8	-0.1	-0.4	0.5	-0.3
China	100.000	94.1	95.2	-3.5	-2.5	1.0	1.5	1.2
Nonmanufacturing	9.284	63.9	67.4	-30.9	-24.1	3.5	13.5	5.5
Manufacturing	88.314	100.6	101.3	0.7	0.1	0.5	0.4	0.7
Japan	100.000	95.3	96.0	-4.8	-3.5	-0.3	2.6	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	15.213	68.5	71.1	-32.5	-20.4	0.8	9.4	3.8
Manufacturing	83.083	101.7	101.8	2.3	0.2	0.0	1.2	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: July 2019 to July 2020(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	June 2020	July 2020	Annual	Monthly
			July 2019 to July 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020	June 2020 to July 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	99.8	99.8	0.2	1.9	-0.7	-2.9	0.0
Canada	106.1	104.9	6.3	10.0	-1.7	-11.1	-1.1
European Union	99.2	99.6	-3.7	-1.9	-0.1	0.4	0.4
Germany	107.2	108.3	1.4	-1.3	1.5	0.0	1.0
Latin America(3)	98.7	99.5	-2.8	-3.2	-2.1	0.8	0.8
Mexico	96.6	97.4	-4.4	-4.4	0.1	-0.2	0.8
Pacific Rim(4)	98.0	96.3	-4.7	-2.3	-0.1	2.0	-1.7
China	96.1	97.0	-3.1	-2.6	1.1	1.5	0.9
Japan	94.1	94.7	-4.8	-3.4	0.0	2.3	0.6
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: July 2019 to July 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance June 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		June 2020	July 2020	Annual	Monthly
				July 2019 to July 2020	Mar. 2020 to Apr. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to June 2020	June 2020 to July 2020
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	309.0	264.7	51.8	39.9	26.2	-3.1	-14.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.566	215.4	220.6	53.0	51.9	-1.6	0.3	2.4
Asia	68.966	338.2	264.4	62.2	43.5	43.7	-4.6	-21.8
Export Air Freight	100.000	168.2	168.0	1.0	-2.4	0.7	2.2	-0.1
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	30.835	152.3	152.8	0.2	-2.1	0.0	0.3	0.3
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	240.1	215.8	31.3	23.6	18.7	-2.5	-10.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	24.480	166.5	169.6	28.4	25.2	-1.0	1.5	1.9
Asia	65.536	253.6	212.7	38.7	27.8	31.4	-4.3	-16.1
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	149.8	150.6	1.3	2.4	0.6	-5.4	0.5
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	35.549	176.3	176.5	13.8	9.4	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	43.497	134.9	137.0	-6.5	-0.5	1.1	-11.9	1.6
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	145.7	139.8	-16.5	-12.3	-0.1	7.0	-4.0
Europe	40.742	151.3	135.1	-26.8	-26.0	1.5	10.9	-10.7
Asia	28.052	141.0	145.8	10.0	11.8	-2.9	15.7	3.4
Latin America/Caribbean	7.670	122.9	122.2	-27.3	-3.9	-13.3	-2.1	-0.6
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	133.7	141.0	-11.5	-7.9	-0.5	6.4	5.5
Europe	26.961	155.7	166.4	-19.9	-16.4	-3.8	12.7	6.9
Asia	28.356	131.3	137.0	-2.9	-6.9	10.4	5.6	4.3
Latin America/Caribbean	26.296	142.9	147.4	-13.1	-1.3	-5.8	2.0	3.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.