Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-21-1470
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Media contact:         (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                                U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - JULY 2021                                

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.3 percent in July, after advancing 1.1 percent the previous month, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The July increase was driven by higher fuel prices. U.S. 
export prices rose 1.3 percent in July following a 1.2-percent advance in June.  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Error in the Export Air Freight Price Indexes
BLS discovered an error affecting the export price indexes for air freight, air freight-Europe, and air freight-
Asia for January 2021 forward. The items for foreign-to-foreign destinations were mistakenly excluded 
from the calculation of the indexes. More information is available at 
www.bls.gov/errata/home.htm?errataID=87723.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

U.S. import prices increased 0.3 percent in July, after advances of 1.1 percent in June and 1.3 percent in 
May. The July rise is the smallest monthly increase since the index ticked up 0.1 percent in November. 
Prices for U.S. imports advanced 10.2 percent from July 2020 to July 2021, led by higher prices for both 
nonfuel and fuel imports. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel rose 2.9 percent in July following increases of 5.5 percent in June and 
5.2 percent in May. Higher prices for both petroleum and natural gas contributed to all 3 monthly advances. 
Prices for import fuel advanced 66.5 percent for the year ended in July. Petroleum prices rose 2.1 percent in 
July and 65.5 percent over the past 12 months. The price index for natural gas increased 17.1 percent in July 
and 120.9 percent from July 2020 to July 2021; the 12-month advance in July was the largest over-the-year 
increase since October 2005.  

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports was unchanged in July, after a 0.7-
percent increase in June and a 0.9-percent advance in May. In July, higher prices for capital goods; 
automotive vehicles; consumer goods; and foods, feeds, and beverages offset a drop in nonfuel industrial 
supplies and materials prices. Prices for nonfuel imports rose 6.3 percent for the year ended in July.      

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices advanced 0.3 percent in July following a 
1.9-percent increase in June. The July rise was led by higher fish and shellfish prices.       

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 1.7 percent 
in July, the first monthly decline since November 2020. The July decrease was driven by a 50.1-percent 
drop in lumber prices.        

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods categories increased in July. Capital goods 
prices advanced 0.4 percent for the second consecutive month. Higher prices for computers, peripherals, and 
semiconductors led both the July and June rises. Prices for automotive vehicles increased 0.4 percent in 
July, driven by higher parts prices. Consumer goods prices also rose in July, ticking up 0.1 percent.     

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2020
July	1.2	15.2	0.2	1.0	1.6	0.9
August	0.9	3.7	0.7	0.5	-2.2	0.9
September	0.2	-4.7	0.5	0.6	2.8	0.3
October	-0.1	-1.0	0.0	0.2	3.5	-0.2
November	0.1	4.4	-0.2	0.8	3.5	0.5
December	1.0	7.3	0.4	1.2	1.0	1.3
2021
January	1.5	9.0	0.9	2.7	6.0	2.3
February	1.2	10.9	0.4	1.6	2.7	1.5
March	1.5	8.0	0.9	2.5	2.4	2.5
April	(r)0.9	(r)1.9	0.8	1.2	0.7	1.2
May	(r)1.3	(r)5.2	0.9	(r)2.3	6.1	1.8
June	(r)1.1	(r)5.5	0.7	1.2	1.5	1.1
July	0.3	2.9	0.0	1.3	-1.7	1.6
Jul. 2019 to 2020	-2.8	-28.2	0.0	-3.7	-3.1	-3.8
Jul. 2020 to 2021	10.2	66.5	6.3	17.2	29.2	15.8
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports increased 1.3 percent in July following advances of 1.2 percent in June and 
2.3 percent in May. U.S. export prices have not decreased on a monthly basis since declining 3.5 percent in 
April 2020. Higher nonagricultural export prices in July more than offset lower agricultural export prices. 
U.S. export prices advanced 17.2 percent for the year ended in July, up from the 16.9-percent increase the 
previous month. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices fell 1.7 percent in July, after a 1.5-percent advance in 
June and a 6.1-percent increase in May. The decline was the first monthly drop since a 2.2-percent decrease 
in August 2020. Lower prices for soybeans, fruit, and corn more than offset higher prices for dairy products, 
nuts, vegetables, and cotton. Despite the decline, prices for agricultural exports rose 29.2 percent from July 
2020 to July 2021.                 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 1.6 percent in July 
following a 1.1-percent increase the previous month. The price index for nonagricultural exports has not 
declined on a monthly basis since October 2020. In July, higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials, capital goods, automotive vehicles, and nonagricultural foods all contributed to the overall 
advance in nonagricultural export prices. Nonagricultural export prices rose 15.8 percent over the past 12 
months.            

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and material prices 
increased 3.4 percent in July following a 2.1-percent advance the previous month. The rise in July was led 
by an 8.7-percent increase in fuel prices.   

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories advanced in July. Capital goods 
prices rose 0.5 percent, after a 0.4-percent advance in June. The July increase was the largest monthly rise 
since April 2018 and was led by a 0.6-percent advance in the price index for computers, peripherals, and 
semiconductors. Prices for automotive vehicles increased 0.4 percent, the largest 1-month rise since January 
2020. Consumer goods prices were unchanged in July.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China rose 0.7 percent in July, after 
increases of 0.4 percent in June and 0.5 percent in May. The advance in July was the largest 1-month rise 
since July 2008. Higher prices for machinery manufacturing, computer product manufacturing, and 
electronic equipment manufacturing drove the July increase. Import prices from China rose 3.7 percent for 
the year ended in July, the largest 12-month advance since November 2011. Prices for imports from Japan 
increased 0.4 percent in July following a 0.1-percent drop the previous month. The price index for imports 
from Japan rose 2.3 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year advance since December 
2011. Import prices from the European Union and Mexico also increased in July, rising 0.9 percent and 0.2 
percent, respectively. In contrast, prices for imports from Canada declined 1.7 percent in July, after 
advancing 3.7 percent in June and 4.7 percent in May. Despite the drop in July, import prices from Canada 
increased 35.1 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China rose 0.7 percent in July following advances of 
0.8 percent in June and 1.7 percent in May. Prices for exports to China have not recorded a monthly decline 
since the index fell 1.2 percent in September 2020. The price index for exports to China increased 13.5 
percent from July 2020 to July 2021. Prices for exports to Japan recorded no change in July, after rising 1.3 
percent the previous month. Export prices to Japan advanced 14.7 percent over the past year. The price 
index for exports to the European Union ticked up 0.1 percent in July following increases of 1.2 percent in 
June and 1.0 percent in May. Prices for exports to Canada and Mexico also rose in July, advancing 1.4 
percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
China increased 0.1 percent in July, after advancing 0.4 percent the previous month. In July, higher import 
prices from China more than offset rising prices for exports to China. U.S. terms of trade with China rose 
9.5 percent for the year ended in July. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 0.5 percent in July 
following increases of 1.4 percent in June and 2.9 percent in May. U.S. terms of trade with the European 
Union declined 0.8 percent in July, the first 1-month decrease since October 2020. U.S. terms of trade with 
Canada advanced 3.1 percent in July following a 2.7-percent drop the previous month and a 3.2-percent 
decrease in May. The July advance was the first monthly increase since November 2020. The index for U.S. 
terms of trade with Mexico was unchanged in July. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 0.9 percent in July following advances of 9.6 percent in June and 
5.0 percent in May. In July, higher European and Latin American/Caribbean fares more than offset lower 
Asian fares. Import air passenger fares increased 22.3 percent over the past year, the largest advance since 
the index rose 23.3 percent in May 2010. Prices for import air freight decreased 4.3 percent in July, after 
increasing 2.3 percent in June. The July drop was the first 1-month decline since March. Despite the 
decrease in July, import air freight prices advanced 25.0 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares advanced 8.2 percent in July, after rising 7.8 percent the previous 
month. The July increase was driven by higher Asian and European fares. The index for export air 
passenger fares advanced 30.2 percent for the year ended in July, the largest 12-month rise since the index 
increased 30.5 percent in July 2010. 
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for August are scheduled for release on Wednesday, September 15, 
2021 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2020 to July 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jun. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2021	Jul. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2020 to Jul. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021
All commodities		100.000	134.2	134.6	10.2	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.3
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.921	105.3	105.2	6.0	0.7	1.1	0.6	-0.1
All imports excluding petroleum		91.016	119.6	119.7	6.8	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.1
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		90.354	123.5	123.5	6.3	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.433	193.3	193.9	9.6	2.4	-0.2	1.9	0.3
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.987	208.8	208.1	7.8	2.2	-0.8	1.7	-0.3
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.445	159.1	163.1	16.0	3.1	1.6	2.6	2.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	25.803	235.9	235.9	41.4	2.5	5.0	3.0	0.0
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		17.041	203.4	201.3	31.4	2.4	5.0	1.7	-1.0
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		16.239	229.1	225.1	29.3	2.8	4.9	1.5	-1.7
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.826	235.3	226.8	33.5	2.7	5.9	1.3	-3.6
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.993	163.7	169.4	27.9	2.0	3.4	2.4	3.5
Fuels & lubricants	10	9.646	250.4	257.7	66.5	1.9	5.2	5.5	2.9
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	8.984	269.2	274.9	65.5	2.5	5.1	5.4	2.1
Crude petroleum	10000	6.001	284.4	289.7	73.7	1.3	4.4	6.8	1.9
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.563	164.0	190.0	105.9	-8.3	7.5	7.5	15.9
Gas-natural	10110	0.477	153.2	179.4	120.9	-10.3	8.0	8.4	17.1
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.496	121.8	124.2	12.9	1.2	2.6	3.3	2.0
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.834	180.9	184.7	22.9	3.3	3.0	1.8	2.1
Selected building materials	13	2.509	262.7	219.7	41.8	5.9	14.1	2.3	-16.4
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.558	356.9	351.4	48.3	1.9	5.2	0.4	-1.5
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	2.034	191.1	197.6	24.2	2.5	2.1	2.9	3.4
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.725	118.2	119.3	6.3	0.9	1.7	0.6	0.9
Capital goods	2	27.007	89.6	90.0	2.0	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.4
Electric generating equipment	20	3.294	121.8	122.5	1.0	0.5	-0.3	0.1	0.6
Nonelectrical machinery	21	21.208	81.4	81.9	2.2	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.6
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.505	138.6	138.8	2.5	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.153	112.2	112.7	1.9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	25.605	107.8	107.9	1.0	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.966	124.4	124.0	-0.4	0.0	0.1	0.2	-0.3
Durables, manufactured	41	11.599	92.1	92.6	2.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.040	120.6	120.7	5.0	0.2	0.5	1.0	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2020 to July 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jun. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2021	Jul. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2020 to Jul. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021
All commodities		100.000	140.6	142.4	17.2	1.2	2.3	1.2	1.3
Agricultural commodities		10.601	230.1	226.3	29.2	0.7	6.1	1.5	-1.7
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		76.143	110.1	110.4	8.9	1.4	1.1	0.4	0.3
Nonagricultural commodities		89.399	133.9	136.0	15.8	1.2	1.8	1.1	1.6
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.790	235.4	231.2	29.3	0.8	6.1	1.8	-1.8
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	9.325	236.4	231.8	30.1	0.8	6.5	1.9	-1.9
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.465	220.6	224.8	16.7	1.6	-0.9	0.0	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials	1	37.728	190.8	197.0	42.3	2.6	4.5	2.0	3.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.045	210.3	211.4	22.7	2.0	2.2	1.2	0.5
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		26.683	181.3	189.2	52.1	2.9	5.5	2.3	4.4
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.250	198.5	199.9	23.5	-0.1	3.6	-1.6	0.7
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		36.478	190.6	197.0	43.1	2.7	4.5	2.1	3.4
Fuels & lubricants	11	14.068	207.8	225.9	73.5	0.2	6.7	4.9	8.7
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	21.470	200.7	200.5	28.0	4.2	3.3	0.5	-0.1
Selected building materials	13	0.940	151.0	152.3	28.2	3.2	1.0	0.9	0.9
Capital goods	2	32.142	113.3	113.9	2.1	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.5
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.333	122.5	122.5	1.8	0.3	0.0	1.6	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	21.073	96.2	96.6	1.6	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	7.736	189.7	191.0	3.3	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.7
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	8.989	115.3	115.8	1.7	0.3	-0.3	0.2	0.4
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	11.351	112.7	112.7	3.0	0.1	0.7	0.9	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.697	110.2	109.9	1.9	-0.1	0.4	0.5	-0.3
Durables, manufactured	41	4.419	109.2	109.5	2.1	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.235	103.4	103.6	12.0	0.2	3.6	4.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: July 2020 to July 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jun. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2021	Jul. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2020 to Jul. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		8.548	131.5	134.9	52.1	0.9	2.5	5.2	2.6
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.917	186.6	187.5	6.0	3.0	-2.8	0.2	0.5
Crop production	111	1.546	196.4	195.4	2.1	3.2	-3.2	-0.1	-0.5
Mining	21	6.631	128.9	133.0	71.6	0.3	4.2	6.7	3.2
Oil and gas extraction	211	6.372	128.8	133.0	74.5	0.3	4.4	6.9	3.3
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2020=100)	212	0.259	113.3	115.9	-	-0.5	1.2	0.6	2.3
Manufacturing		91.055	118.2	118.2	7.3	1.0	1.2	0.8	0.0
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.250	131.5	132.2	5.7	0.9	0.7	1.2	0.5
Food manufacturing	311	3.776	173.4	173.9	14.4	2.4	1.8	3.0	0.3
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.165	132.7	132.8	3.4	0.2	0.0	0.5	0.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.341	104.1	106.7	4.7	0.6	0.8	0.1	2.5
Textile product mills	314	0.918	109.6	110.2	3.4	0.9	0.5	0.8	0.5
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.518	113.2	113.5	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.3
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.531	125.0	126.3	1.8	0.2	0.2	0.4	1.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	19.926	141.5	139.3	15.3	2.2	3.6	1.3	-1.6
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.884	260.1	201.2	73.3	8.3	20.8	3.1	-22.6
Paper manufacturing	322	0.952	115.1	116.5	8.3	1.0	1.8	2.3	1.2
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.736	109.6	112.2	46.5	5.5	6.9	2.6	2.4
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.849	148.4	148.5	9.1	1.5	1.8	0.8	0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.350	123.5	124.7	3.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.2	1.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.975	133.6	134.8	3.1	0.2	0.6	0.4	0.9
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.879	108.6	109.0	5.1	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.4
Primary metal manufacturing	331	5.119	232.7	230.3	45.0	2.0	5.3	0.9	-1.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.249	137.5	140.3	11.3	1.3	1.1	1.6	2.0
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.537	122.3	122.9	2.7	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.5
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	15.705	72.5	72.9	1.4	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.6
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.023	118.9	119.7	1.5	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.7
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.422	111.7	112.1	2.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.4
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.694	118.2	118.4	3.1	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.128	120.5	120.6	2.0	-0.4	0.2	0.5	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: July 2020 to July 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jun. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2021	Jul. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2020 to Jul. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		13.631	168.3	177.9	61.1	0.5	8.0	2.6	5.7
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.575	204.5	199.4	38.8	-0.6	9.9	-2.2	-2.5
Crop production	111	5.215	215.9	209.8	38.6	-0.8	10.7	-2.4	-2.8
Mining	21	8.055	99.1	110.4	78.4	1.2	6.5	6.2	11.4
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.098	109.3	117.3	32.2	3.3	3.1	1.9	7.3
Manufacturing		84.413	126.3	126.8	11.0	1.3	1.5	0.9	0.4
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.832	162.3	163.0	16.6	1.8	1.7	3.5	0.4
Food manufacturing	311	4.901	189.3	190.0	20.5	2.3	2.1	4.8	0.4
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.594	139.5	137.5	10.6	0.9	0.1	-0.6	-1.4
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.330	130.8	131.3	27.1	2.5	3.7	0.8	0.4
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.532	131.8	132.7	37.2	5.6	2.0	1.5	0.7
Paper manufacturing	322	1.484	135.1	136.9	16.0	4.5	2.5	1.6	1.3
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.092	122.3	125.4	66.3	-1.0	7.3	3.1	2.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.282	139.5	138.5	21.2	4.0	3.1	-0.4	-0.7
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.037	119.9	121.9	3.9	0.8	0.6	1.2	1.7
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.732	123.6	123.7	4.7	0.2	-0.2	0.7	0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	52.251	120.5	121.1	4.1	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.367	211.0	211.7	27.4	3.7	3.6	1.3	0.3
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.719	156.1	156.7	4.5	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.4
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.453	132.9	133.5	2.5	0.7	0.6	-0.1	0.5
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.358	82.6	83.0	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.9	0.5
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.375	119.8	119.9	1.4	0.4	0.0	0.6	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	15.755	132.0	132.7	2.5	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.5
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.360	132.0	132.1	5.9	0.0	0.6	0.8	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.865	124.1	124.3	5.6	0.2	1.3	1.6	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2020 to July 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Jun. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2021	Jul. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2020 to Jul. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	1.505	229.1	232.2	23.6	3.6	2.4	5.6	1.4
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.477	368.8	363.4	37.3	4.7	5.2	11.1	-1.5
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.759	153.8	157.7	21.7	4.1	2.3	3.9	2.5
Vegetable products	II	1.918	216.7	215.7	2.1	2.9	-3.3	-0.3	-0.5
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.326	383.2	401.7	-17.8	6.6	-7.3	-1.4	4.8
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.707	114.1	109.5	1.9	4.3	-10.9	0.2	-4.0
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.384	246.9	248.1	12.6	-2.6	6.1	3.4	0.5
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.404	142.3	142.2	65.0	8.7	6.3	5.5	-0.1
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.984	174.8	175.9	4.7	0.8	0.3	0.3	0.6
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.198	97.7	96.5	-2.8	-1.7	0.3	-0.6	-1.2
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.339	174.6	175.3	4.1	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.4
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.130	145.3	145.5	4.2	0.5	0.0	0.3	0.1
Mineral products	V	9.744	252.3	260.6	65.0	1.7	4.8	5.7	3.3
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.370	247.9	256.1	66.8	1.7	4.8	5.8	3.3
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.140	166.3	166.0	7.7	1.5	1.3	0.5	-0.2
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.635	385.4	405.4	51.4	6.4	4.2	1.4	5.2
Organic chemicals	29	2.343	140.3	139.4	15.0	2.7	3.6	-0.1	-0.6
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.999	152.5	150.5	-3.0	-0.2	0.1	0.0	-1.3
Fertilizers (Dec. 2020=100)	31	0.406	161.9	169.8	-	16.1	2.9	9.6	4.9
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.606	111.5	113.1	12.5	0.6	1.5	0.9	1.4
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.699	152.9	153.9	8.8	-0.2	1.4	0.2	0.7
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.489	156.9	158.5	11.4	0.4	2.3	0.7	1.0
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.210	147.4	147.5	3.8	-1.5	-0.4	-0.9	0.1
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.518	133.3	137.3	4.6	0.2	0.7	0.2	3.0
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.940	377.5	297.3	76.3	8.7	20.3	3.5	-21.2
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.897	266.6	208.7	78.8	9.0	20.8	3.6	-21.7
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.969	119.5	120.8	7.2	0.4	2.1	2.0	1.1
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.625	107.3	108.7	2.5	0.4	0.6	0.8	1.3
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.602	115.6	116.2	1.5	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.5
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.847	105.1	105.1	0.1	-0.1	0.3	-0.4	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.529	122.4	123.2	0.6	0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.7
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.637	103.1	104.1	3.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.315	124.6	124.9	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.2
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.101	122.9	123.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.862	131.9	133.3	1.3	0.4	0.1	0.2	1.1
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.311	99.5	102.1	-	1.0	0.5	0.0	2.6
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.075	248.8	238.8	18.0	1.1	2.8	-1.7	-4.0
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.105	213.4	218.3	31.5	1.5	3.0	2.9	2.3
Iron and steel	72	1.226	283.3	293.7	57.4	0.9	4.9	6.6	3.7
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.770	171.0	177.9	21.9	2.9	2.2	3.5	4.0
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.588	432.1	420.2	48.5	-0.7	7.7	-0.2	-2.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.139	174.6	178.6	43.0	3.0	4.0	3.4	2.3
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.417	124.9	125.6	2.1	0.3	0.6	0.2	0.6
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.518	140.0	140.8	5.5	0.6	0.9	0.4	0.6
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.550	80.1	80.6	2.0	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.6
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.773	86.4	86.9	2.2	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.6
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	13.777	74.2	74.7	1.8	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.7
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.538	116.2	116.7	2.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.4
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.370	115.5	116.0	2.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.4
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	1.073	100.8	100.7	-	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.020	102.5	102.5	0.5	-0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.747	98.4	98.5	0.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.016	112.6	112.7	1.5	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.486	119.4	119.6	2.5	0.2	0.4	0.6	0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.272	101.4	101.3	-0.3	0.3	0.0	0.3	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.258	128.7	129.0	1.7	0.5	0.0	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2020 to July 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Jun. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2021	Jul. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2020 to Jul. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	2.102	259.2	262.1	24.2	3.2	1.2	6.0	1.1
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.364	220.7	218.5	34.7	3.3	1.7	9.7	-1.0
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.282	119.3	121.4	18.9	2.7	-1.2	0.0	1.8
Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2020=100)	04	0.323	102.3	112.0	-	4.0	1.1	-1.6	9.5
Vegetable products	II	5.129	269.2	260.6	37.6	-0.8	10.5	-2.1	-3.2
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.901	140.7	140.1	16.0	-2.7	-1.3	0.1	-0.4
Cereals	10	1.529	296.2	294.4	57.9	-1.2	23.0	-5.5	-0.6
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.277	304.4	281.0	46.0	-0.4	9.9	-1.0	-7.7
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.965	174.5	173.9	13.1	1.9	1.6	1.7	-0.3
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.577	103.3	104.1	5.3	0.5	1.1	0.7	0.8
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.478	110.7	110.6	-1.5	0.5	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.882	317.5	302.4	42.4	4.7	3.8	2.8	-4.8
Mineral products	V	14.099	252.0	271.2	73.6	0.3	6.9	4.8	7.6
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.556	126.8	131.4	47.3	3.6	6.1	-1.0	3.6
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	13.391	241.3	260.2	76.4	0.1	7.0	5.2	7.8
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.142	153.2	151.8	12.4	2.1	3.1	-0.1	-0.9
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.634	141.6	141.8	2.8	0.4	0.7	0.4	0.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.764	174.8	169.6	29.9	5.5	1.1	-2.7	-3.0
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.193	110.4	109.5	1.8	-0.5	0.2	0.2	-0.8
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.828	135.1	135.2	5.7	1.2	0.5	2.2	0.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.412	126.8	127.1	0.9	0.1	0.6	0.2	0.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.165	189.7	188.3	19.9	3.2	13.1	0.6	-0.7
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.629	176.3	177.2	29.4	5.7	0.9	-0.1	0.5
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.840	178.9	179.8	35.1	6.6	1.1	-0.3	0.5
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.789	156.4	157.2	3.4	0.6	0.3	1.4	0.5
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.630	127.2	128.5	34.1	4.7	2.1	1.6	1.0
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.853	142.0	146.2	19.5	4.8	1.9	2.2	3.0
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.713	169.0	178.9	50.6	10.3	5.5	4.3	5.9
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.902	129.5	131.5	7.9	2.3	-0.2	0.8	1.5
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.621	128.9	131.0	11.5	-0.2	2.3	0.2	1.6
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.535	138.2	141.6	27.9	-2.3	5.3	-2.7	2.5
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.725	133.4	133.5	4.8	-0.2	-0.3	0.0	0.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.402	100.1	100.1	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.618	334.0	326.9	16.8	2.6	3.2	1.7	-2.1
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.937	197.0	200.0	30.1	0.4	1.9	1.7	1.5
Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)	72	1.196	143.6	152.7	-	-1.6	2.3	4.2	6.3
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.680	284.8	271.7	50.4	2.6	8.1	2.0	-4.6
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.854	137.7	140.1	48.7	1.3	0.4	1.4	1.7
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	25.578	99.3	99.7	1.5	0.4	0.0	0.5	0.4
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.344	118.4	118.7	2.4	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.3
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.233	78.8	79.3	0.3	0.1	-0.4	0.8	0.6
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	11.566	140.1	141.1	2.5	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.7
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	7.513	118.2	118.8	2.5	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.5
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.529	111.3	111.7	1.1	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.4
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.191	118.3	118.4	3.7	0.3	0.6	0.6	0.1
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.664	138.3	138.4	4.1	-0.1	0.0	0.4	0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.379	90.9	90.9	1.8	0.7	0.3	1.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: July 2020 to July 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jun. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jun. 2021	Jul. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Jul. 2020 to Jul. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	140.9	140.3	14.3	0.7	1.8	1.4	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	10.312	230.0	238.9	68.0	0.5	4.7	7.1	3.9
Manufacturing	88.822	133.1	131.8	9.3	0.9	1.4	0.7	-1.0
Canada	100.000	174.9	172.0	35.1	1.8	4.7	3.7	-1.7
Nonmanufacturing	26.663	228.1	237.2	70.6	0.6	4.8	7.5	4.0
Manufacturing	72.057	163.8	157.4	23.6	2.3	4.7	2.4	-3.9
European Union	100.000	145.1	146.4	6.6	0.1	0.7	0.1	0.9
Manufacturing	98.899	141.0	142.2	6.4	0.1	0.8	0.1	0.9
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	134.5	135.8	5.8	-0.1	0.4	0.4	1.0
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	117.5	118.0	4.7	-0.4	0.3	-0.4	0.4
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	130.3	129.3	8.2	-0.3	1.2	-0.9	-0.8
Latin America(3)	100.000	156.3	157.0	9.5	0.9	0.9	1.7	0.4
Nonmanufacturing	13.823	281.2	282.6	32.3	1.0	0.0	5.3	0.5
Manufacturing	85.911	127.5	128.1	6.6	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.5
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	132.5	132.8	4.4	1.2	-0.2	0.6	0.2
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	7.928	144.1	143.9	26.1	5.3	-6.1	-1.0	-0.1
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.830	91.1	91.4	3.0	0.8	0.4	0.8	0.3
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	100.6	101.2	3.5	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.6
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	101.1	101.8	3.7	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.7
Japan	100.000	98.4	98.8	2.3	0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.4
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	102.6	103.4	5.7	1.1	0.7	0.3	0.8
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	91.4	92.0	6.7	0.7	1.2	0.7	0.7
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	99.4	99.7	2.7	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.3
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	194.6	197.2	31.4	0.9	2.8	2.9	1.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: July 2020 to July 2021 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jun. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jun. 2021	Jul. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Jul. 2020 to Jul. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	111.6	112.3	11.0	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	12.134	127.3	130.5	48.6	-0.6	5.5	3.5	2.5
Manufacturing	86.453	109.6	110.0	6.8	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.4
Canada	100.000	115.0	116.6	15.0	1.4	1.4	1.0	1.4
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	9.761	130.1	134.3	-	0.0	5.6	1.4	3.2
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	89.111	107.1	108.6	-	1.4	1.0	0.8	1.4
European Union	100.000	111.7	111.8	9.0	0.4	1.0	1.2	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	13.971	124.7	127.8	56.8	-0.6	4.7	4.7	2.5
Manufacturing	84.562	108.9	108.5	3.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	-0.4
Germany	100.000	109.7	109.4	3.0	-0.3	0.6	0.5	-0.3
Latin America(3)	100.000	119.4	120.5	26.3	1.5	5.3	1.2	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	9.833	155.8	167.2	67.7	-0.6	11.0	0.0	7.3
Manufacturing	89.747	116.5	116.7	22.7	1.8	4.6	1.4	0.2
Mexico	100.000	121.6	121.9	27.2	2.7	7.7	0.7	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	8.236	147.8	156.5	65.6	-0.4	16.0	-0.7	5.9
Manufacturing	91.405	119.9	119.6	25.0	2.9	6.9	0.9	-0.3
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	110.3	112.8	15.7	0.5	1.8	1.0	2.3
Nonmanufacturing	18.043	121.3	129.4	57.0	0.5	7.2	2.2	6.7
Manufacturing	78.931	106.9	108.3	7.7	0.5	0.4	0.8	1.3
China	100.000	109.1	109.9	13.5	0.7	1.7	0.8	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	16.544	123.7	116.0	47.4	0.0	9.5	2.5	-6.2
Manufacturing	81.161	107.5	109.7	8.3	0.8	0.1	0.4	2.0
Japan	100.000	112.3	112.3	14.7	0.3	3.1	1.3	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	24.429	132.7	132.2	64.2	-0.3	11.4	2.2	-0.4
Manufacturing	73.118	104.5	105.1	3.3	0.2	0.6	1.2	0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: July 2020 to July 2021(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Jun. 2021	Jul. 2021	Annual	Monthly
			Jul. 2020 to Jul. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	96.9	98.0	-2.9	0.0	-0.2	-0.3	1.1
Canada	86.4	89.1	-14.9	-0.3	-3.2	-2.7	3.1
European Union	103.6	102.8	2.3	0.3	0.4	1.0	-0.8
Germany	107.5	106.7	-1.7	0.2	0.4	1.0	-0.7
Latin America(3)	113.7	114.3	15.3	0.6	4.3	-0.5	0.5
Mexico	118.4	118.4	21.8	1.5	7.8	0.2	0.0
Pacific Rim(4)	107.9	109.7	11.8	0.2	1.2	0.7	1.7
China	108.0	108.1	9.5	0.3	1.2	0.4	0.1
Japan	109.0	108.5	12.1	-0.3	2.9	1.4	-0.5
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: July 2020 to July 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jun. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jun. 2021	Jul. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Jul. 2020 to Jul. 2021	Mar. 2021 to Apr. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	347.1	332.2	25.0	7.5	5.4	2.3	-4.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	22.442	253.2	251.5	14.0	-0.2	0.4	1.5	-0.7
Asia	68.471	365.0	342.7	28.7	6.9	8.0	2.9	-6.1
Export Air Freight	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	264.3	251.2	16.1	4.4	6.1	2.9	-5.0
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	21.645	176.3	175.4	3.4	-0.9	0.5	1.1	-0.5
Asia	67.701	278.9	258.9	21.2	3.7	9.1	3.9	-7.2
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	141.9	147.5	-2.1	-1.1	-8.0	-4.9	3.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	33.703	164.0	164.5	-6.8	-6.0	0.6	0.6	0.3
Asia	43.510	124.1	133.7	-2.4	0.5	-15.8	-11.1	7.7
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	169.4	171.0	22.3	0.9	5.0	9.6	0.9
Europe	39.201	163.1	169.3	25.3	1.9	-0.4	11.9	3.8
Asia	34.431	206.5	197.2	35.3	-2.9	14.9	12.0	-4.5
Latin America/Caribbean	7.060	133.6	140.2	14.7	12.4	4.4	15.2	4.9
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	169.7	183.6	30.2	0.2	-1.8	7.8	8.2
Europe	27.532	194.7	216.2	29.9	-2.3	1.6	4.2	11.0
Asia	29.175	179.5	199.5	45.6	-8.5	-3.2	8.6	11.1
Latin America/Caribbean	22.931	159.1	169.2	14.8	13.9	-4.3	14.6	6.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
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