Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-19-1475
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, August 14, 2019

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                                U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - JULY 2019                                

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.2 percent in July, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
following a 1.1-percent decline the previous month. In July, rising fuel prices more than offset lower 
nonfuel prices. The price index for U.S. exports advanced 0.2 percent in July, after falling 0.6 percent in 
June and 0.3 percent in May.  

Imports

The price index for U.S. imports rose 0.2 percent in July, after a decrease of 1.1 percent the previous month. 
Prior to June, prices for U.S. imports advanced in each of the first 5 months of 2019. Despite the increases, 
import prices declined 1.8 percent over the past year. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel advanced 1.8 percent in July following a 7.3-percent drop in June. 
Import fuel prices previously increased 30.1 percent for the first 5 months of 2019. In July, higher petroleum 
prices more than offset lower natural gas prices. The price index for import petroleum rose 1.9 percent, after 
decreasing 7.0 percent the previous month. Overall fuel prices and petroleum prices both fell over the past 
year, declining 5.5 percent and 5.9 percent, respectively. Natural gas prices fell 1.4 percent in July, after 
declining 59.6 percent the previous 3 months. The recent decreases drove natural gas prices down 22.1 
percent over the past 12 months.      

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports edged down 0.1 percent in July following 
0.3-percent decreases in each of the previous 2 months. The July decline was driven by lower prices for 
automotive vehicles; foods, feeds, and beverages; and capital goods. Those decreases were partially offset 
by rising prices for consumer goods and nonfuel industrial supplies and materials. Prices for nonfuel imports 
fell 1.3 percent from July 2018 to July 2019, led by declining prices for industrial supplies and materials and 
capital goods.   

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices rose 0.2 percent 
in July, after declining 0.7 percent the previous month. In July, a 1.0-percent increase in unfinished metals 
prices more than offset lower prices for chemicals and paper. 
	
Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in July. Consumer goods prices rose 0.2 percent, the 
first monthly advance since the index increased 0.3 percent in February. The July advance was driven by a 
1.0-percent rise in the price index for medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical materials. In contrast, 
automotive vehicle prices and prices for capital goods both fell in July. Automotive vehicle prices declined 
0.3 percent, after recording no change in June and May; prices for capital goods edged down 0.1 percent 
following a 0.2-percent drop in June.    

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for import foods, feeds, and beverages fell 0.5 percent in July, after 
decreasing 1.4 percent in June. The July decline was driven by a 5.8-percent drop in vegetable prices.  

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2018
July	-0.1	0.8	-0.2	-0.5	-5.2	0.1
August	-0.4	-2.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.4	-0.2
September	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	-1.3	0.2
October	0.5	3.3	0.1	0.5	-0.1	0.5
November	-1.6	-12.2	-0.2	-0.8	1.7	-1.0
December	-1.4	-13.3	0.0	-0.6	3.8	-1.1
2019
January	0.2	4.6	-0.3	-0.6	-2.1	-0.4
February	1.0	10.2	0.1	0.6	0.2	0.7
March	0.6	7.2	-0.2	0.7	0.9	0.7
April	0.2	(r)1.9	-0.1	0.1	(r)-1.4	0.2
May	(r)0.2	(r)3.3	-0.3	(r)-0.3	(r)-1.2	-0.2
June	(r)-1.1	(r)-7.3	-0.3	(r)-0.6	(r)2.5	(r)-1.0
July	0.2	1.8	-0.1	0.2	0.4	0.2
July 2017 to 2018	4.8	41.0	1.4	4.3	-1.9	5.0
July 2018 to 2019	-1.8	-5.5	-1.3	-0.9	3.7	-1.5
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices increased 0.2 percent in July, after decreasing 0.9 percent over the previous 2 months. 
Higher agricultural and nonagricultural prices both contributed to the advance. Despite the July increase, 
prices for U.S. exports continued to decrease on a 12-month basis, declining 0.9 percent from July 2018 to 
July 2019. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices rose 0.4 percent in July following a 2.5-percent increase 
in June. The July advance was led by higher prices for soybeans, other animal feeds, nuts, and vegetables 
which more than offset lower prices for fruit and wheat. Prices for agricultural exports rose 3.7 percent over 
the past year, the largest 12-month increase since the index advanced 5.3 percent from June 2017 to June 
2018.    

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports rose 0.2 percent in July, 
after a 1.0-percent decrease in June and a 0.2-percent drop in May. The July increase was primarily led by 
higher nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices, though rising consumer goods prices also 
contributed to the advance. In contrast, prices for capital goods and automotive vehicles declined. 
Nonagricultural export prices decreased 1.5 percent for the year ended in July, driven by falling prices for 
nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials which more than offset advancing finished goods prices.     

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
increased 0.7 percent in July following a 2.8-percent drop the previous month. The upturn was driven by a 
2.3-percent advance in export fuel prices which previously declined 7.3 percent in June.   

Finished Goods: Export finished goods prices were mixed in July. The price indexes for capital goods and 
automotive vehicles each edged down 0.1 percent, after recording no change in June. Prices for consumer 
goods increased 0.2 percent in July, driven by a 1.1-percent advance in medicinal, dental, and 
pharmaceutical materials prices.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China edged down 0.1 percent in July, after decreasing 
0.2 percent in June. Prices for imports from China have not recorded a monthly advance since ticking up 0.1 
percent in May 2018. The price index for imports from China declined 1.6 percent on a 12-month basis for 
the second consecutive month in July. The last time the index fell more than 1.6 percent was a 1.9-percent 
drop in January 2017. Import prices from Japan recorded no change in July following a 0.1-percent decrease 
the previous month. Prices for imports from Japan edged down 0.1 percent for the year ended in July. 
Import prices from Mexico declined 0.2 percent in July, after falling 1.3 percent in June. In contrast, the 
price indexes for imports from Canada and the European Union both advanced 0.2 percent in July. Import 
prices from Canada previously fell 3.3 percent in June, and prices for imports from the European Union 
decreased 0.6 percent over the same period. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China rose 0.6 percent in July, after declining 0.6 
percent the previous month. Despite the July advance, prices for exports to China decreased 1.7 percent over 
the past 12 months. The price index for exports to Japan rose 1.0 percent in July following a 0.1-percent 
decline in June. The index increased 0.2 percent from July 2018 to July 2019. Export prices to the European 
Union rose 0.8 percent, the largest monthly advance since the index increased 1.9 percent in January 2018. 
Prices for exports to Canada and Mexico also rose in July, advancing 0.6 percent and 0.5 percent, 
respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 
increased 0.7 percent in July following a 0.4-percent decline the previous month. In July, the increase 
resulted from both a rise in export prices to China and a decline in import prices from China. U.S. terms of 
trade with China edged down 0.1 percent for the year ended in July. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
Japan advanced 1.0 percent in July, after recording no change in June. U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 
0.3 percent over the past 12 months. The U.S. terms of trade with the European Union increased 0.6 percent 
in July following a 0.2-percent decline in June and a 0.4-percent drop in May. U.S. terms of trade with 
Mexico and Canada also advanced in July, rising 0.8 percent and 0.3 percent, respectively. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 9.9 percent in July following a 6.7-percent increase in June 
and a 6.9-percent advance in May. The decrease was the largest 1-month drop since the index fell 10.6 
percent in August 2017. In July, the decline was led by a 12.7-percent decrease in European fares and an 
11.8-percent drop in Asian fares. Import air passenger fares fell 6.6 percent over the past 12 months. The 
price index for import air freight fell 1.8 percent in July, after edging down 0.1 percent in June. The July 
drop was the largest monthly decrease since the index fell 6.1 percent in February. The price index for 
import air freight declined 6.6 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares increased 3.3 percent in July, after rising 4.0 percent in June. Higher 
Latin American/Caribbean, European, and Asian fares all contributed to the advance in July. Despite the 
recent increases, export air passenger fares declined 1.4 percent from July 2018 to July 2019. Export air 
freight prices rose 0.6 percent in July, the largest monthly advance since the index increased 0.6 percent in 
October 2018. Prices for export air freight also advanced over the past year, rising 1.4 percent.    
		
Import and Export Price Index data for August are scheduled for release on Friday, September 13, 2019 at 
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2018 to July 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance June 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2019	July 2019	Annual	Monthly
					July 2018 to July 2019	Mar. 2019 to Apr. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019
All commodities		100.000	125.6	125.8	-1.8	0.2	0.2	-1.1	0.2
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.315	99.1	99.1	-1.5	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
All imports excluding petroleum		89.664	111.9	111.9	-1.3	-0.4	-0.3	-0.4	0.0
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		89.339	116.2	116.1	-1.3	-0.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.024	179.8	178.9	2.1	2.8	-0.9	-1.4	-0.5
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.684	196.7	195.6	2.6	3.6	-1.0	-1.9	-0.6
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.340	141.5	141.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.4	0.0	-0.3
Industrial supplies & materials	1	24.514	189.3	191.0	-4.7	0.7	0.9	-3.7	0.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.327	151.5	151.7	-4.3	-2.6	-1.0	-1.3	0.1
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		13.854	173.9	174.3	-3.8	-0.1	-1.0	-0.7	0.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.696	164.6	165.8	-3.9	-0.1	-1.2	-0.6	0.7
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.482	135.6	134.5	-4.5	-5.9	-0.6	-2.3	-0.8
Fuels & lubricants	10	10.661	215.7	219.5	-5.5	1.9	3.3	-7.3	1.8
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	10.336	237.1	241.7	-5.9	4.6	3.5	-7.0	1.9
Crude	10000	7.530	247.4	250.9	-7.8	5.4	3.3	-7.8	1.4
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.325	74.4	72.1	-20.4	-40.6	-1.3	-16.7	-3.1
Gas-natural	10110	0.230	57.1	56.3	-22.1	-47.2	-1.9	-22.1	-1.4
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.573	120.3	117.1	-3.1	-0.8	-2.6	-0.1	-2.7
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.584	157.3	156.7	-3.5	-0.1	-0.4	-1.0	-0.4
Selected building materials	13	1.478	141.8	143.2	-10.2	-1.3	-1.6	0.6	1.0
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.711	228.8	231.2	-3.1	0.6	-1.8	-1.3	1.0
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.760	157.0	157.4	-3.3	-0.4	-0.7	-0.5	0.3
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.746	112.9	113.1	-0.5	-0.4	-0.3	0.0	0.2
Capital goods	2	27.781	88.3	88.2	-1.3	-0.4	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.424	119.4	119.7	1.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.080	80.3	80.3	-1.8	-0.6	-0.1	-0.4	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.277	135.5	135.1	0.3	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.3
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.678	109.8	109.5	-0.8	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.3
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.003	106.8	107.0	-0.6	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.388	123.2	123.6	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.3
Durables, manufactured	41	12.358	91.4	91.4	-1.4	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.257	116.5	116.7	2.5	-0.4	0.0	0.0	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2018 to July 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance June 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2019	July 2019	Annual	Monthly
					July 2018 to July 2019	Mar. 2019 to Apr. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019
All commodities		100.000	125.9	126.2	-0.9	0.1	-0.3	-0.6	0.2
Agricultural commodities		9.710	180.4	181.2	3.7	-1.4	-1.2	2.5	0.4
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.626	101.5	101.4	-0.3	0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Nonagricultural commodities		90.290	121.7	122.0	-1.5	0.2	-0.2	-1.0	0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.024	183.7	184.8	4.8	-1.7	-1.2	2.9	0.6
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.420	182.4	183.4	5.2	-1.8	-1.1	3.2	0.5
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.604	211.4	212.5	0.0	-2.1	-2.4	-0.7	0.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	31.999	154.0	155.0	-5.5	0.5	-0.6	-2.8	0.6
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.277	164.7	165.7	-0.7	0.5	-0.8	-0.3	0.6
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		21.723	149.4	150.4	-7.7	0.6	-0.6	-3.9	0.7
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.260	173.5	172.9	-5.3	0.4	-1.6	-1.6	-0.3
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.739	153.4	154.5	-5.4	0.5	-0.6	-2.8	0.7
Fuels & lubricants	11	10.350	178.8	183.0	-11.3	1.4	-1.1	-7.3	2.3
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.398	157.2	157.1	-2.5	0.0	-0.3	-0.4	-0.1
Selected building materials	13	0.991	121.1	119.7	-4.3	0.8	-0.6	-0.9	-1.2
Capital goods	2	36.171	110.7	110.6	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.783	118.0	117.9	0.9	0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.625	94.6	94.5	-0.4	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	8.763	182.6	182.7	3.5	0.7	0.2	0.1	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.242	114.8	114.7	0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.564	110.4	110.6	0.7	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.939	107.7	108.4	1.9	0.7	0.0	-0.2	0.6
Durables, manufactured	41	5.187	107.7	107.4	-0.3	0.0	0.0	0.6	-0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.437	98.9	99.0	-	0.0	-0.3	-0.4	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: July 2018 to July 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance June 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2019	July 2019	Annual	Monthly
					July 2018 to July 2019	Mar. 2019 to Apr. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019
Nonmanufacturing		10.061	117.1	118.1	-2.2	3.6	2.1	-7.1	0.9
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.928	180.4	179.3	8.7	6.6	-2.1	-3.5	-0.6
Crop production	111	1.573	195.2	193.3	11.5	8.3	-1.4	-3.7	-1.0
Mining	21	8.133	110.7	112.1	-4.5	2.9	3.1	-7.9	1.3
Oil and gas extraction	211	7.883	110.6	112.0	-5.0	3.1	3.2	-8.1	1.3
Manufacturing		89.631	110.9	111.0	-1.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.4	0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.179	125.1	124.8	-0.1	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Food manufacturing	311	3.393	155.6	154.3	-0.7	0.4	-0.2	-0.3	-0.8
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.116	122.1	122.2	0.3	1.3	-1.2	-0.1	0.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.364	99.3	101.2	1.2	0.6	-1.0	-0.2	1.9
Textile product mills	314	0.934	109.2	108.4	-0.9	0.0	0.6	-0.2	-0.7
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.741	112.1	112.1	0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.631	123.2	123.3	-0.2	-0.3	0.1	0.0	0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	17.478	125.8	126.6	-2.2	0.1	0.4	-1.0	0.6
Paper manufacturing	322	1.044	113.1	111.4	-2.2	-0.3	-2.1	-0.1	-1.5
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.564	100.4	104.5	0.5	2.4	4.2	-4.9	4.1
Chemical manufacturing	325	9.544	138.7	139.0	-1.8	-0.2	0.1	-0.6	0.2
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.267	119.2	119.0	-0.6	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.036	131.3	130.8	-0.5	0.2	0.0	0.1	-0.4
Manufacturing, part 3	33	60.975	103.5	103.4	-1.3	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.314	153.6	155.0	-2.1	0.7	-1.6	-1.3	0.9
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.107	126.4	126.3	-1.4	0.0	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.275	118.5	118.7	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.240	72.7	72.5	-3.3	-0.9	-0.1	-0.4	-0.3
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.156	117.5	117.8	1.5	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.639	109.0	108.7	-0.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.3
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.873	117.1	116.8	-0.3	0.0	0.1	-0.4	-0.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.371	118.2	118.4	-0.3	-0.1	-0.3	0.1	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: July 2018 to July 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance June 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2019	July 2019	Annual	Monthly
					July 2018 to July 2019	Mar. 2019 to Apr. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019
Nonmanufacturing		8.996	131.7	131.9	-3.4	-1.8	-2.6	-1.2	0.2
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.883	153.4	153.5	4.0	-2.4	-2.4	4.0	0.1
Crop production	111	4.547	160.8	160.8	5.0	-2.4	-2.4	4.3	0.0
Mining	21	4.113	82.2	82.4	-12.4	-1.1	-3.0	-6.7	0.2
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.313	114.8	113.1	-2.1	-0.9	-0.3	-2.2	-1.5
Manufacturing		89.804	116.6	116.9	-0.4	0.3	-0.1	-0.6	0.3
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.816	141.2	142.2	1.6	-0.1	0.0	0.4	0.7
Food manufacturing	311	4.653	159.1	160.6	2.0	-0.2	0.3	0.8	0.9
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.656	122.4	123.4	2.0	-0.2	-1.5	0.4	0.8
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.147	114.6	115.5	-3.5	0.9	0.1	-2.4	0.8
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.524	97.8	97.3	-6.5	-0.4	-1.1	-1.5	-0.5
Paper manufacturing	322	1.705	126.2	124.5	-5.8	-1.6	-0.6	-0.5	-1.3
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.132	107.9	111.9	-9.5	3.4	0.5	-7.9	3.7
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.435	118.9	118.8	-0.9	0.3	0.1	-0.5	-0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.279	116.5	116.8	0.7	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.847	117.7	117.7	0.8	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	57.840	115.0	115.0	0.8	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.028	146.2	148.4	2.5	0.5	-1.5	0.5	1.5
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.994	147.7	148.1	5.0	0.3	0.1	0.7	0.3
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.580	129.9	129.8	2.0	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.852	82.0	81.7	-2.0	-0.5	-0.2	-0.1	-0.4
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.821	118.1	118.1	0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.779	129.2	129.2	1.7	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.398	122.5	122.3	1.3	1.0	0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.389	120.5	120.2	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	0.6	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2018 to July 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance June 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2019	July 2019	Annual	Monthly
					July 2018 to July 2019	Mar. 2019 to Apr. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	1.395	196.0	194.8	1.0	0.8	-0.9	-0.6	-0.6
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.383	265.7	259.4	5.3	2.8	0.0	0.0	-2.4
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.734	139.9	139.9	0.3	-0.2	-0.8	-0.2	0.0
Vegetable products	II	1.906	215.3	212.6	10.8	7.8	-1.1	-3.7	-1.3
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.472	506.8	467.8	29.0	12.7	-13.9	0.5	-7.7
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.676	124.5	126.9	12.7	14.1	8.5	-11.0	1.9
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.317	197.7	197.6	-6.4	-0.1	-2.6	1.6	-0.1
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.223	83.9	84.3	-14.8	-2.7	-3.0	-1.9	0.5
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.829	164.9	164.8	-0.8	0.4	-0.7	0.1	-0.1
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.226	97.9	98.4	-1.3	0.5	-0.2	1.0	0.5
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.362	170.1	170.2	-0.9	-1.6	0.4	0.1	0.1
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.068	131.9	132.0	0.0	1.2	-1.4	-0.2	0.1
Mineral products	V	10.651	215.9	219.4	-5.7	1.5	3.2	-7.1	1.6
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	10.342	213.2	216.8	-5.9	1.6	3.3	-7.3	1.7
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	8.887	156.1	156.7	-1.8	-0.3	0.0	-0.6	0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.515	293.3	289.9	-8.4	-2.9	-1.4	-4.6	-1.2
Organic chemicals	29	2.028	127.3	126.8	-5.0	0.6	-0.1	-0.3	-0.4
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.333	152.3	154.4	0.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.3	1.4
Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)	31	0.281	85.2	80.6	-1.5	-3.6	2.5	-3.0	-5.4
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.601	103.5	104.1	1.4	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.6
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.583	103.2	103.6	-3.4	-0.5	-0.2	0.0	0.4
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.490	140.8	140.3	-0.6	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.4
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.333	143.5	143.1	-0.9	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	-0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.158	137.5	136.8	-0.1	0.2	0.4	0.4	-0.5
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.619	124.6	123.9	-1.4	-0.5	0.0	-0.1	-0.6
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.592	131.1	130.5	-0.8	-0.5	0.1	-0.1	-0.5
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.840	143.6	146.4	-16.4	-2.4	-2.5	1.1	1.9
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.101	120.0	117.9	-2.0	-0.4	-1.4	0.0	-1.8
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.734	111.0	110.0	-0.6	-0.5	-0.3	-0.1	-0.9
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.874	114.2	114.5	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.2	0.3
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.972	104.5	104.9	0.8	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.4
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.645	120.9	120.7	0.7	-0.2	0.2	0.3	-0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.650	103.6	102.4	-1.4	0.0	0.1	-0.1	-1.2
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.359	122.3	122.5	0.0	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.2
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.128	121.3	121.4	0.1	-0.2	0.2	0.0	0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.949	132.1	131.7	-0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.3
Ceramic products	69	0.268	136.6	135.6	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.7
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.713	177.6	182.8	6.7	-0.6	-0.8	0.7	2.9
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.806	174.1	173.2	-5.5	0.3	-1.1	-1.4	-0.5
Iron and steel	72	1.337	216.2	212.7	-8.8	1.3	-1.4	-1.6	-1.6
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.719	149.8	149.0	-2.6	-0.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.5
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.430	271.5	275.5	-6.2	-0.6	-2.5	-5.0	1.5
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.996	130.6	130.2	-7.9	0.7	-1.6	-1.3	-0.3
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.442	123.7	123.7	0.7	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.517	135.9	136.3	-0.7	-0.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.3
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.952	79.2	79.2	-1.5	-0.6	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.873	85.3	85.3	-1.8	-0.7	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.079	73.5	73.6	-1.1	-0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.898	113.4	113.1	-1.0	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.723	112.5	112.3	-1.0	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)	88	1.067	113.7	113.0	-2.1	0.1	-0.2	-0.7	-0.6
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.983	101.7	101.7	-0.8	0.0	-0.3	0.0	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.714	98.2	98.2	-0.8	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
Clocks and watches and parts thereof	91	0.208	141.8	143.0	0.6	0.6	-0.3	-0.1	0.8
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.447	112.2	112.1	-0.3	-0.3	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.796	118.3	118.0	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.3	-0.3
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.380	102.1	102.2	-0.5	-0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.271	128.8	128.7	-0.7	-0.6	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2018 to July 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance June 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			June 2019	July 2019	Annual	Monthly
					July 2018 to July 2019	Mar. 2019 to Apr. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	2.005	217.9	218.1	4.2	-0.4	2.0	1.0	0.1
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.198	172.7	173.6	4.8	0.6	3.7	1.8	0.5
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.394	116.1	116.7	-0.7	-2.6	-2.8	-0.9	0.5
Vegetable products	II	4.589	199.1	199.6	7.7	-3.6	-2.1	5.2	0.3
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.997	139.7	137.0	1.5	-3.3	-1.5	5.8	-1.9
Cereals	10	1.457	205.7	204.4	9.1	-1.9	-2.6	11.9	-0.6
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.679	187.0	190.4	1.6	0.1	-5.0	3.9	1.8
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.013	153.3	155.6	3.1	0.1	-1.3	1.2	1.5
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.567	98.1	98.9	3.1	-0.3	-0.3	0.9	0.8
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.550	110.2	112.9	2.8	0.1	0.1	3.6	2.5
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.694	213.4	220.7	1.2	0.5	-6.2	2.2	3.4
Mineral products	V	10.440	215.3	220.5	-11.1	1.6	-0.9	-7.5	2.4
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.401	96.3	95.6	-9.3	0.7	0.3	-4.6	-0.7
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.841	206.8	212.2	-11.4	1.7	-1.0	-7.8	2.6
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.916	138.3	138.0	-0.9	0.3	-0.3	-0.7	-0.2
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.743	149.6	149.6	-5.2	0.2	0.5	-0.3	0.0
Organic chemicals	29	2.591	142.7	140.5	-4.7	-0.3	-1.4	-1.5	-1.5
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.049	106.6	107.8	1.0	1.1	0.0	-0.2	1.1
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.546	103.8	105.5	2.8	2.4	1.2	-1.2	1.6
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.854	131.3	131.1	0.2	-0.5	-0.4	-0.6	-0.2
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.492	124.2	124.3	4.2	0.6	0.2	-0.1	0.1
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.982	156.6	155.2	0.9	0.4	-0.1	-0.4	-0.9
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.231	143.9	144.0	-1.0	-0.1	0.4	-0.1	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.354	141.2	141.0	-0.7	-0.1	0.5	0.1	-0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.877	153.6	154.7	-2.5	-0.1	0.0	-0.6	0.7
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.635	97.4	96.6	-9.3	0.0	-0.8	-1.2	-0.8
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.897	124.6	122.7	-9.3	-1.3	-0.9	-0.6	-1.5
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.088	125.9	125.7	-3.2	-1.5	-0.3	0.2	-0.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.736	121.4	121.1	-2.9	1.0	-0.6	-1.9	-0.2
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.485	118.5	116.2	-15.2	2.3	-1.7	-6.7	-1.9
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.822	127.5	127.2	2.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.233	245.3	250.9	6.7	0.1	-1.0	1.6	2.3
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.722	159.1	158.1	-3.6	0.7	-1.4	-0.8	-0.6
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.480	178.6	177.8	-9.3	0.6	-2.0	-5.3	-0.4
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.706	104.2	103.0	-14.5	2.3	-2.2	-2.1	-1.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.334	153.1	153.1	0.1	-0.7	-0.6	0.1	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.188	98.0	97.7	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.1	-0.3
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.392	116.3	116.1	0.8	0.0	-0.2	0.1	-0.2
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.796	78.3	78.0	-0.9	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.4
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.795	137.2	137.2	1.4	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.362	116.7	116.6	0.3	0.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.854	109.0	109.2	-0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.378	112.9	112.8	0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.769	130.9	130.8	0.6	0.4	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.454	88.1	88.0	0.7	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: July 2018 to July 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance June 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		June 2019	July 2019	Annual	Monthly
				July 2018 to July 2019	Mar. 2019 to Apr. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	127.0	127.6	1.3	0.5	0.2	-1.3	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	11.337	191.6	194.3	14.2	4.8	0.0	-7.9	1.4
Manufacturing	88.085	121.0	121.4	-0.4	-0.1	0.2	-0.3	0.3
Canada	100.000	141.6	141.9	3.2	1.7	0.1	-3.3	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	30.743	188.1	190.4	17.1	5.2	0.1	-8.2	1.2
Manufacturing	68.417	130.6	130.4	-2.9	0.2	0.2	-0.9	-0.2
European Union	100.000	136.8	137.1	-0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.6	0.2
Manufacturing	98.719	133.2	133.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.3	-0.5	0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.4	128.5	-0.1	0.2	-0.1	-0.6	0.9
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	112.3	112.4	0.4	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	121.3	121.6	-0.4	0.6	0.2	-0.7	0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	148.2	147.9	-2.6	0.5	0.9	-1.3	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	17.667	273.2	273.9	-1.0	4.2	5.6	-4.4	0.3
Manufacturing	82.054	119.8	119.4	-2.8	-0.2	0.0	-0.7	-0.3
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.7	127.4	-0.9	1.1	0.4	-1.3	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	9.024	148.3	151.5	8.1	15.1	3.2	-9.6	2.2
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	90.713	87.2	86.7	-1.8	-0.2	0.1	-0.3	-0.6
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	98.2	98.2	-1.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.9	98.8	-1.6	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Japan	100.000	96.6	96.6	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	98.7	98.8	-	-0.7	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	87.8	88.3	-1.1	0.2	-0.1	-0.8	0.6
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	96.6	96.8	-2.0	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2	0.2
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	181.0	182.0	-5.5	1.9	2.0	-4.3	0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: July 2018 to July 2019 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance June 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		June 2019	July 2019	Annual	Monthly
				July 2018 to July 2019	Mar. 2019 to Apr. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	102.9	103.5	1.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	8.480	109.1	110.0	11.3	-4.7	-2.2	-4.0	0.8
Manufacturing	90.458	102.7	103.2	0.5	0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.5
Canada	100.000	104.5	105.1	1.3	-0.8	-0.3	-0.4	0.6
European Union	100.000	104.2	105.0	1.5	0.5	-0.1	-0.8	0.8
Nonmanufacturing	7.372	106.5	106.1	5.2	3.0	-2.4	-4.1	-0.4
Manufacturing	91.568	104.2	105.1	1.4	0.2	0.1	-0.4	0.9
Germany	100.000	103.0	104.4	2.8	0.7	0.1	0.1	1.4
Latin America(3)	100.000	100.8	101.5	-2.1	0.0	-0.2	-1.9	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	7.080	105.6	104.8	1.5	-1.3	-1.9	0.9	-0.8
Manufacturing	92.498	100.5	101.3	-2.3	0.0	0.0	-2.0	0.8
Mexico	100.000	100.3	100.8	-1.9	-0.4	-0.1	-1.3	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	6.123	98.5	98.2	-4.2	-3.8	-1.8	0.5	-0.3
Manufacturing	93.386	100.3	101.0	-1.7	-0.2	0.0	-1.5	0.7
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	99.7	100.8	0.0	0.2	-0.8	-0.3	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	14.096	97.2	102.7	7.0	3.3	-3.8	-1.2	5.7
Manufacturing	84.039	100.6	101.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.5
China	100.000	97.7	98.3	-1.7	0.4	-1.4	-0.6	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	20.348	95.6	98.4	5.1	3.8	-4.6	-1.3	2.9
Manufacturing	76.312	99.7	99.8	-1.2	-0.4	-0.4	0.0	0.1
Japan	100.000	99.9	100.9	0.2	0.7	-0.8	-0.1	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	18.996	103.7	106.1	7.4	2.8	-2.9	0.4	2.3
Manufacturing	79.926	98.8	99.4	-1.6	0.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: July 2018 to July 2019(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	June 2019	July 2019	Annual	Monthly
			July 2018 to July 2019	Mar. 2019 to Apr. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	99.2	99.3	-0.2	-0.7	-0.5	1.0	0.1
Canada	97.0	97.3	-1.9	-2.5	-0.3	3.0	0.3
European Union	102.5	103.1	1.7	0.5	-0.4	-0.2	0.6
Germany	105.6	106.9	2.3	1.0	0.2	0.1	1.2
Latin America(3)	101.3	102.2	0.5	-0.5	-1.2	-0.5	0.9
Mexico	101.3	102.1	-1.0	-1.5	-0.5	0.0	0.8
Pacific Rim(4)	99.9	101.0	1.1	0.4	-0.7	-0.1	1.1
China	98.9	99.6	-0.1	0.6	-1.3	-0.4	0.7
Japan	98.8	99.8	0.3	0.6	-0.7	0.0	1.0
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: July 2018 to July 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance June 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		June 2019	July 2019	Annual	Monthly
				July 2018 to July 2019	Mar. 2019 to Apr. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	178.9	175.6	-6.6	1.8	0.4	-0.1	-1.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	26.976	148.0	144.2	-2.4	0.1	-1.1	0.1	-2.6
Asia	59.950	167.7	164.5	-9.7	2.8	1.0	-0.1	-1.9
Export Air Freight	100.000	165.3	166.3	1.4	-0.1	0.2	-0.5	0.6
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	31.871	151.7	152.5	2.9	0.3	0.9	-0.5	0.5
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	168.1	164.6	-4.2	-0.7	1.0	0.5	-2.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.398	138.0	132.1	-3.3	-1.0	-0.3	1.4	-4.3
Asia	56.854	155.8	153.3	-5.8	-0.3	1.7	0.2	-1.6
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	144.8	148.5	2.8	-0.6	0.3	0.0	2.6
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	33.618	154.5	155.1	4.9	0.9	0.9	-0.3	0.4
Asia	44.098	138.0	146.5	3.0	-2.1	0.0	0.4	6.2
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	185.7	167.4	-6.6	-7.2	6.9	6.7	-9.9
Europe	54.287	211.3	184.5	-7.9	-11.5	8.0	7.3	-12.7
Asia	21.278	150.4	132.6	-8.3	0.1	9.9	9.7	-11.8
Latin America/Caribbean	6.321	158.4	168.1	2.3	0.6	-2.4	4.3	6.1
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	154.2	159.3	-1.4	-1.4	0.7	4.0	3.3
Europe	29.087	201.3	207.7	-2.5	-3.2	0.9	5.2	3.2
Asia	28.187	138.9	141.1	-0.8	-5.0	5.6	5.5	1.6
Latin America/Caribbean	25.041	159.1	169.7	3.1	3.5	-5.3	4.9	6.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.