U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-23-1790
8:30 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, August 15, 2023

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                                U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - JULY 2023                                

Prices for U.S. imports advanced 0.4 percent in July following a 0.1-percent decline the previous month, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The July increase was driven by higher fuel prices. U.S. 
export prices rose 0.7 percent in July, after decreasing 0.7 percent in June.

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports rose 0.4 percent in July, only the second monthly advance in 2023. Despite 
the July rise, U.S. import prices declined 4.4 percent over the past 12 months, after increasing 8.8 percent 
from July 2021 to July 2022. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices advanced 3.6 percent in July, after increasing 1.9 percent in June. Higher 
prices for petroleum and natural gas in July contributed to the rise. Despite the advances the past 2 months, 
import fuel prices decreased 29.0 percent over the past year. Prices for import petroleum rose 3.5 percent in 
July following a 2.1-percent increase the previous month. Petroleum prices last advanced in consecutive 
months in June 2022. Prices for import petroleum fell 28.2 percent for the year ended in July. The price 
index for natural gas rose for the first time since January 2023, increasing 12.1 percent, after a 1.5-percent 
drop in June. The July advance was the largest rise since the index advanced 68.4 percent in December 
2022. Import natural gas prices declined 58.8 percent over the past 12 months, less than the record 70.7-
percent over-the-year decrease in June.  
    

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices were unchanged in July following a 0.3-percent 
decrease the previous month. Lower prices in July for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials and 
consumer goods offset higher prices for foods, feeds, and beverages; automotive vehicles; and capital 
goods. Nonfuel import prices declined 0.9 percent from July 2022 to July 2023.  

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Import prices for foods, feeds, and beverages advanced 2.5 percent in July, 
after edging down 0.1 percent in June. Higher prices for fruit, vegetables, and meat all contributed to the 
increase in July.  

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
decreased 1.4 percent in July following a 1.2-percent drop the previous month. The decreases in both July 
and June were led by lower unfinished metal prices.  

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods import categories were mixed in July. Automotive 
vehicles prices rose 0.3 percent following a 0.1-percent drop the previous month. The July advance was 
driven by higher prices for both passenger cars and vehicles designed to transport goods. Capital goods 
prices ticked up 0.1 percent in July, after edging down 0.1 percent in June. The increase was led by higher 
prices in July for civilian aircraft, engines, and parts. In contrast, consumer goods prices fell 0.1 percent in 
July, after declining 0.2 percent in June. The decrease in July was driven by lower prices for 
nonmanufactured consumer goods.   

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2022
July	-1.4	-6.9	-0.5	-3.7	-3.2	-3.8
August	-1.2	-8.6	-0.2	-1.4	-0.5	-1.4
September	-1.0	-6.3	-0.3	-0.9	-0.8	-0.9
October	-0.3	-2.2	-0.1	-0.5	-0.6	-0.5
November	-0.8	-3.9	-0.3	-0.4	2.8	-0.9
December	0.1	-2.3	0.4	-3.0	-2.4	-3.1
2023
January	-0.4	-4.8	0.2	0.2	-0.8	0.3
February	-0.2	-5.6	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.3
March	-0.8	-4.4	-0.5	-0.4	-1.8	-0.2
April	0.3	4.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.4	-0.1
May	-0.4	(r)-5.0	0.0	(r)-2.1	(r)-2.3	(r)-2.0
June	(r)-0.1	(r)1.9	(r)-0.3	(r)-0.7	(r)-1.5	(r)-0.6
July	0.4	3.6	0.0	0.7	0.9	0.6
July 2021 to 2022	8.8	56.6	4.1	12.9	13.6	12.9
July 2022 to 2023	-4.4	-29.0	-0.9	-7.9	-5.8	-8.2
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices increased 0.7 percent in July, after declining 0.7 percent the previous month. The advance 
in July was the largest monthly increase since a 1.1-percent rise in June 2022. Higher prices in July for both 
agricultural and nonagricultural exports contributed to the overall advance. Despite the July increase, U.S. 
export prices fell 7.9 percent from July 2022 to July 2023. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 0.9 percent in July following declines 
of 1.5 percent in June and 2.3 percent in May. Higher prices for soybeans, meat, and wheat in July more 
than offset lower prices for corn, fruit, and nuts. Export agricultural prices declined 5.8 percent for the year 
ended in July.   

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 0.6 percent in July, after 
decreasing 0.6 percent the previous month. The July increase was the first monthly rise since February 2023 
and the largest 1-month advance since a 1.2-percent increase in June 2022. Higher prices for nonagricultural 
industrial supplies and materials, capital goods, and automotive vehicles more than offset lower prices for 
consumer goods and nonagricultural foods. Nonagricultural export prices declined 8.2 percent over the past 
year. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
rose 1.5 percent in July following a 1.5-percent decrease the previous month. The advance in July was 
driven by a 6.7-percent increase in export fuel prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods export categories were mixed in July. Capital goods 
prices ticked up 0.1 percent, after advancing 0.2 percent in June. Prices for export capital goods have not 
declined on a monthly basis since November 2022. Automotive vehicles prices rose 0.2 percent in July 
following a 0.1-percent increase the previous month. The July advance was driven by higher parts prices. In 
contrast, consumer goods prices declined 0.2 percent in July, after rising 0.1 percent in June. The decrease 
in July was the first 1-month drop since the index declined 0.3 percent in November 2022 and was led by 
lower prices for manufactured nondurable goods and nonmanufactured consumer goods.  

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China fell 0.2 percent in July following a 0.4- 
percent decrease the previous month. Import prices from China have not recorded a monthly increase since 
October 2022. The price index for imports from China declined 2.3 percent for the year ended in July, the 
largest 12-month drop since November 2009. In contrast, prices for imports from Japan advanced 0.3 
percent in July, after being unchanged in June. Higher chemical prices in July led the increase. Import prices 
from Japan rose 1.0 percent over the past 12 months. The price index for imports from Canada increased 3.0 
percent in July, the largest 1-month advance since March 2022. Despite the July rise, prices for imports 
from Canada declined 15.1 percent over the past year. Import prices from Mexico and the European Union 
also advanced in July, increasing 2.4 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. The July increase in prices for 
imports from Mexico was the largest monthly rise since April 2011. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China rose 1.5 percent in July, after falling 1.6 
percent in June. Despite the July advance, the price index for exports to China declined 8.8 percent over the 
past 12 months. Prices for exports to Japan increased 0.3 percent following a 1.2-percent drop the previous 
month. The July advance was the first monthly rise since February 2023. Export prices to Japan decreased 
11.2 percent from July 2022 to July 2023. The price index for exports to Canada rose 1.0 percent in July, the 
largest 1-month advance since May 2022. Despite the July increase, export prices to Canada decreased 1.8 
percent over the past year. Prices for exports to Mexico and the European Union also advanced in July, 
rising 0.7 percent and 0.9 percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China rose 1.7 
percent in July, after declining 1.2 percent in June. Higher export prices to China and lower import prices 
from China each contributed to the July increase. U.S. terms of trade with China decreased 6.7 percent over 
the past 12 months. U.S. terms of trade with Japan were unchanged in July following a 1.2-percent decline 
in June. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 12.1 percent for the year ended in July. The index for U.S. terms 
of trade with Canada fell 1.8 percent in July, after ticking up 0.1 percent in June. The July decrease was the 
largest monthly drop since March 2022. U.S. terms of trade with Mexico fell 1.7 percent in July and U.S. 
terms of trade with the European Union rose 0.7 percent over the same period. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares fell 9.2 percent in July, following a 10.0-percent increase in June. The 
July drop was the largest 1-month decline since a 12.4-percent decrease in January 2023 and was mostly 
driven by lower European fares. Import air passenger fares fell 3.5 percent for the year ended in July, the 
first 12-month decline since February 2022. The price index for import air freight rose 1.3 percent in July 
following a 6.1-percent increase the previous month. Higher Asian air freight prices in July more than offset 
lower European air freight prices. Despite the recent advances, import air freight prices decreased 22.4 
percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares increased 4.2 percent in July, after rising 9.3 percent the previous 
month. Higher Latin American/Caribbean fares mainly led the July advance in export air passenger fares. 
The index for export air passenger fares rose 0.2 percent over the past year, the smallest 12-month advance 
since the index last fell on an over-the-year basis in November 2021. Prices for export air freight rose 1.0 
percent in July, after falling 3.8 percent in each of the 2 previous months. Despite the July increase, export 
air freight prices declined 16.4 percent over the past 12 months. 
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for August 2023 are scheduled for release on Friday, 
September 15, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2022 to July 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jun. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2023	Jul. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2022 to Jul. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023
All commodities		100.000	139.5	140.0	-4.4	0.3	-0.4	-0.1	0.4
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		84.078	108.3	108.1	-1.1	0.0	0.0	-0.3	-0.2
All imports excluding petroleum		91.597	123.6	123.6	-1.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.3	0.0
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		91.120	127.5	127.5	-0.9	-0.1	0.0	-0.3	0.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	7.043	208.9	214.1	2.7	-0.7	-0.9	-0.1	2.5
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.618	230.6	238.0	4.4	-0.4	-0.8	0.3	3.2
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.424	157.7	157.3	-4.0	-1.8	-0.8	-1.9	-0.3
Industrial supplies & materials	1	24.619	242.8	243.7	-16.5	1.6	-1.9	-0.1	0.4
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		16.323	202.8	200.4	-9.5	-0.6	-0.7	-1.2	-1.2
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		15.754	228.0	224.8	-7.5	-0.1	-0.1	-1.2	-1.4
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.911	221.4	218.1	-5.8	-0.3	0.1	-1.9	-1.5
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		6.306	181.4	180.2	-14.3	-1.2	-1.8	0.1	-0.7
Fuels & lubricants	10	8.880	274.8	284.8	-29.0	4.6	-5.0	1.9	3.6
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	8.403	297.0	307.4	-28.2	5.9	-4.5	2.1	3.5
Crude petroleum	10000	5.210	299.0	320.1	-25.0	7.9	-3.3	0.7	7.1
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.342	140.9	152.4	-50.7	-15.7	-17.6	-1.3	8.2
Natural gas	10110	0.233	111.9	125.4	-58.8	-18.9	-23.9	-1.5	12.1
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.548	145.5	143.4	-1.6	-2.6	0.6	3.5	-1.4
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	5.280	199.6	197.0	-11.2	0.5	-0.6	-0.2	-1.3
Selected building materials	13	1.724	187.4	190.4	-10.7	-2.5	0.4	-0.7	1.6
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.044	331.5	319.1	-10.0	0.2	0.4	-3.4	-3.7
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	2.356	218.0	216.5	3.0	1.4	0.0	-0.4	-0.7
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.787	124.6	124.0	-4.2	-1.4	-0.5	-1.9	-0.5
Capital goods	2	27.926	93.6	93.7	0.8	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.760	129.6	130.0	0.5	-0.1	0.2	0.0	0.3
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.757	84.5	84.5	0.4	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.410	153.1	155.3	7.8	1.0	0.3	0.1	1.4
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	12.872	117.9	118.2	1.3	0.1	0.3	-0.1	0.3
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.539	110.2	110.1	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.892	125.5	125.6	0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	13.663	95.4	95.4	-0.4	-0.1	0.1	-0.2	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	0.985	126.5	123.9	-6.0	1.1	0.0	-2.2	-2.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2022 to July 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jun. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2023	Jul. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2022 to Jul. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023
All commodities		100.000	146.9	147.9	-7.9	-0.1	-2.1	-0.7	0.7
Agricultural commodities		11.004	239.6	241.8	-5.8	0.4	-2.3	-1.5	0.9
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		74.515	114.3	113.6	-1.8	0.1	-0.1	-0.5	-0.6
All exports excluding fuels (June 2022=100)		84.615	99.2	98.8	-1.0	0.2	-0.4	-0.6	-0.4
Nonagricultural commodities		88.996	139.8	140.7	-8.2	-0.1	-2.0	-0.6	0.6
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	10.100	242.1	244.5	-5.4	0.4	-2.3	-1.5	1.0
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	9.699	244.2	247.1	-5.1	0.5	-2.4	-1.5	1.2
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.402	200.9	194.9	-12.6	-3.6	-0.6	-2.5	-3.0
Industrial supplies & materials	1	37.286	193.5	196.2	-18.9	-0.5	-4.9	-1.5	1.4
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.076	211.9	208.1	-2.9	1.3	-0.6	-1.7	-1.8
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		26.210	183.9	189.0	-23.5	-1.1	-6.6	-1.4	2.8
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.273	218.3	215.9	-11.3	-0.6	-1.8	-1.6	-1.1
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		36.012	192.7	195.6	-19.1	-0.4	-5.0	-1.5	1.5
Fuels & lubricants	11	15.385	224.2	239.2	-27.8	-1.1	-10.5	-0.7	6.7
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.818	193.7	189.0	-9.7	0.2	-0.5	-2.1	-2.4
Selected building materials	13	0.810	146.7	146.2	-15.0	-1.3	-0.3	-1.2	-0.3
Capital goods	2	31.279	121.3	121.4	2.0	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.1
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.489	137.4	137.8	3.7	0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.3
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.844	101.4	101.4	0.6	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	4.946	211.1	211.5	7.3	0.6	0.1	2.0	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	8.298	123.8	124.1	2.1	-0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	13.036	119.8	119.6	2.6	0.3	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.880	111.0	110.8	1.4	0.5	0.3	0.0	-0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	4.876	120.0	120.1	4.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.280	130.4	129.5	2.7	-0.2	-0.1	-0.8	-0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: July 2022 to July 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jun. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2023	Jul. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2022 to Jul. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		7.999	141.8	150.0	-21.0	4.5	-4.1	0.1	5.8
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.115	209.5	221.9	3.5	-0.3	-1.9	-0.7	5.9
Crop production	111	1.686	217.3	230.9	1.7	-0.1	-2.0	-0.5	6.3
Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)	112	0.258	109.4	115.7	-	-2.9	0.9	-1.2	5.8
Mining	21	5.884	137.0	144.9	-27.1	6.4	-4.9	0.3	5.8
Oil and gas extraction	211	5.576	134.4	143.6	-27.9	5.7	-4.5	0.4	6.8
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2022=100)	212	0.308	123.3	105.2	-	18.1	-11.8	-1.7	-14.7
Manufacturing		91.623	122.4	122.1	-2.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.464	138.9	138.7	0.7	0.3	0.1	-0.3	-0.1
Food manufacturing	311	4.256	188.3	187.5	0.7	0.5	0.0	-0.5	-0.4
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.181	139.9	140.4	4.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.4
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.220	119.0	119.0	1.4	0.2	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.374	126.8	127.0	-0.6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	20.027	143.7	143.0	-10.3	0.2	-0.9	0.6	-0.5
Paper manufacturing	322	0.989	124.9	124.1	-2.0	-1.4	0.2	1.4	-0.6
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	3.016	139.1	136.4	-31.0	3.2	-6.6	4.9	-1.9
Chemical manufacturing	325	11.216	151.7	151.0	-6.7	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.5
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.654	134.1	133.9	0.3	-0.1	0.6	-0.1	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.079	146.1	145.9	2.6	2.2	0.7	-1.2	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	60.131	112.7	112.6	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.4	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.865	226.0	220.7	-5.2	0.4	0.5	-2.8	-2.3
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.328	148.8	148.0	-3.0	0.3	-0.2	-0.5	-0.5
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.749	131.8	132.0	3.3	0.3	0.3	-0.2	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.801	72.7	72.7	-1.6	-0.7	-0.3	-0.1	0.0
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	6.013	128.0	128.4	0.9	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	13.070	116.9	117.3	1.7	0.1	0.3	-0.1	0.3
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	2.028	129.6	129.8	1.1	-0.1	0.3	0.3	0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	6.277	128.2	127.9	0.2	0.2	0.5	-0.2	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: July 2022 to July 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jun. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2023	Jul. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2022 to Jul. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		14.213	167.8	176.9	-22.4	-0.2	-7.4	-2.2	5.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.421	202.6	206.0	-11.3	0.2	-3.7	-3.0	1.7
Crop production	111	5.111	215.2	218.6	-11.6	0.3	-3.8	-3.0	1.6
Mining	21	8.792	99.6	107.4	-28.0	-0.4	-9.5	-1.8	7.8
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	7.435	87.0	94.9	-29.4	-0.9	-10.0	-0.3	9.1
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.356	136.5	137.4	-16.8	1.9	-6.8	-8.1	0.7
Manufacturing		84.100	133.4	133.2	-4.9	0.0	-1.1	-0.2	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	7.054	173.8	173.9	-2.6	0.2	-0.9	-0.2	0.1
Food manufacturing	311	5.215	204.9	205.9	-2.5	0.2	-1.0	0.0	0.5
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.541	144.5	139.9	-4.4	0.7	-1.3	-2.6	-3.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	26.041	134.3	134.2	-15.4	-0.8	-3.4	-0.7	-0.1
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.408	114.8	113.7	-19.5	-1.0	-0.1	-1.6	-1.0
Paper manufacturing	322	1.497	137.9	140.8	-8.7	-3.4	-2.5	-5.7	2.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.281	141.9	147.4	-29.5	-1.8	-12.5	0.4	3.9
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.580	134.2	131.4	-10.2	0.0	0.1	-0.8	-2.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.307	133.3	133.6	2.0	-0.4	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.772	131.4	133.2	-1.7	0.0	0.2	0.2	1.4
Manufacturing, part 3	33	51.005	128.9	128.7	1.4	0.3	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.386	205.0	199.8	-6.6	3.0	-0.5	-1.8	-2.5
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.639	149.2	149.4	4.5	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.976	83.2	83.0	-2.4	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.621	135.7	136.3	4.0	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.4
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	12.275	143.8	144.0	4.0	0.0	0.1	0.8	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.026	139.1	139.2	4.4	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2022 to July 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Jun. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2023	Jul. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2022 to Jul. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	1.558	234.2	237.0	1.2	-0.4	0.0	-0.9	1.2
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.412	326.1	337.1	-1.5	4.6	2.3	1.4	3.4
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.789	151.8	150.1	-6.2	-3.3	-1.8	-3.1	-1.1
Vegetable products	II	2.152	246.5	257.7	2.9	0.5	-1.5	-0.7	4.5
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.534	477.0	526.4	19.9	-1.6	5.2	-1.3	10.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.733	116.1	127.4	0.4	-0.4	-7.4	0.7	9.7
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.392	302.6	293.8	-6.9	-0.2	-0.4	-0.5	-2.9
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.376	144.5	143.2	-5.0	1.2	-1.2	-1.4	-0.9
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.382	195.3	196.3	4.8	-0.2	0.1	0.2	0.5
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.213	113.8	114.4	6.4	0.9	0.5	-0.4	0.5
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.245	121.1	123.7	20.8	5.3	-2.8	2.3	2.1
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2022=100)	21	0.395	98.2	97.7	-	-3.2	0.5	0.4	-0.5
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.113	153.6	154.1	4.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.3
Mineral products	V	9.017	283.0	291.7	-28.3	5.3	-5.5	1.9	3.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.635	274.6	285.3	-29.0	4.8	-5.3	2.0	3.9
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.637	172.6	171.5	-4.8	-0.3	0.2	-0.5	-0.6
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.629	517.3	507.2	-7.2	-1.1	0.0	-0.3	-2.0
Organic chemicals	29	2.399	145.1	142.4	-9.1	-0.4	0.5	-1.0	-1.9
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.293	148.6	148.6	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.0
Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100)	31	0.358	66.8	64.6	-	-5.8	-4.0	-1.2	-3.3
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)	32	0.206	102.0	101.0	-	-1.4	2.2	-0.9	-1.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.830	120.1	119.3	0.3	-0.5	0.3	-1.2	-0.7
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.179	158.4	157.6	-3.3	0.3	-0.1	0.2	-0.5
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.719	157.9	156.9	-5.6	0.1	-0.5	0.1	-0.6
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.460	162.4	162.3	1.9	0.6	0.6	0.2	-0.1
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.990	131.9	130.7	-2.7	-2.1	0.5	2.0	-0.9
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.446	120.8	120.7	0.5	0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.223	127.1	126.7	0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.206	126.7	127.1	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	0.956	123.5	124.0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.943	138.5	138.4	2.7	1.5	0.6	-0.6	-0.1
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.345	102.9	102.9	0.9	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.335	110.2	110.1	8.5	4.9	0.9	-0.2	-0.1
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.310	232.1	222.9	-1.8	2.6	1.6	-2.4	-4.0
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.288	234.2	233.4	-4.5	-0.7	-0.4	-1.2	-0.3
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.868	202.4	202.5	-2.3	0.1	-0.9	-1.6	0.0
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.530	370.0	368.4	6.6	-1.4	-2.7	-2.2	-0.4
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.071	190.2	190.0	-5.4	-0.6	-0.3	-0.7	-0.1
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.450	132.1	132.6	2.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.4
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.549	147.4	147.2	-3.9	-1.3	-0.3	-0.5	-0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.011	82.6	82.7	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.310	89.7	89.8	0.4	-0.4	0.2	-0.1	0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.701	76.0	76.1	-0.5	0.0	-0.1	-0.3	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	10.880	121.5	121.9	1.7	-0.1	0.2	-0.1	0.3
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	10.253	120.6	121.0	1.5	-0.2	0.2	0.0	0.3
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.516	108.1	108.7	5.1	0.1	0.0	-0.3	0.6
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.161	108.1	108.1	2.6	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.867	103.7	103.7	2.3	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.860	120.4	120.2	0.7	0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.2
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.767	127.9	128.0	0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.2	0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.792	106.5	106.0	-0.5	-0.2	0.3	-0.2	-0.5
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.301	147.3	147.3	8.9	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: July 2022 to July 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Jun. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jun. 2023	Jul. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Jul. 2022 to Jul. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	2.102	260.7	259.8	-10.1	-0.3	-0.5	-0.8	-0.3
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.363	219.5	222.7	-3.8	1.7	1.3	0.6	1.5
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100)	03	0.254	84.7	81.0	-	-5.3	-0.9	-3.8	-4.4
Vegetable products	II	5.193	269.5	274.3	-9.7	0.6	-4.0	-2.9	1.8
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.834	137.5	132.0	-6.9	0.5	3.2	-3.8	-4.0
Cereals	10	1.879	301.4	288.9	-16.6	1.4	-6.9	-0.6	-4.1
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.930	279.4	308.8	-5.3	-0.7	-3.8	-6.0	10.5
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.097	188.0	186.1	2.1	0.5	-0.8	0.2	-1.0
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.693	118.6	119.0	12.3	0.0	0.3	0.9	0.3
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.480	109.3	109.2	0.7	0.0	0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.785	304.3	288.8	-11.7	1.5	-3.6	-1.9	-5.1
Mineral products	V	15.122	268.0	284.8	-28.4	-0.9	-10.7	-0.8	6.3
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.500	131.3	121.6	-1.8	1.9	-5.3	-4.9	-7.4
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	14.397	255.7	273.1	-29.4	-1.0	-11.1	-0.7	6.8
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	13.083	163.3	160.6	-5.5	-0.2	0.2	-0.4	-1.7
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.525	108.3	108.3	2.3	0.7	0.5	0.0	0.0
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.886	149.4	149.3	5.8	1.4	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.488	138.0	139.0	2.0	0.3	0.2	0.7	0.7
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.344	192.8	192.8	2.7	0.7	0.5	0.1	0.0
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.632	158.0	156.2	-9.7	-0.4	-0.2	-0.9	-1.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	3.826	155.4	152.9	-11.5	-0.4	-0.3	-1.0	-1.6
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.805	168.5	170.0	1.0	-0.3	0.4	-0.4	0.9
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.472	106.4	104.9	-24.2	-2.4	-0.5	-2.7	-1.4
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.637	137.6	140.5	-10.5	-3.3	-2.6	-4.8	2.1
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.421	124.2	132.8	-27.7	-12.0	-6.6	-14.8	6.9
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.973	144.8	145.6	-1.7	1.4	-1.2	-1.0	0.6
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.518	159.1	154.7	-22.3	-1.9	-1.7	0.3	-2.8
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.753	146.9	149.8	1.5	0.3	0.1	0.2	2.0
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.460	111.2	114.3	2.8	0.7	0.1	0.1	2.8
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.719	318.7	310.0	-1.6	3.2	0.3	-2.1	-2.7
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.564	210.1	209.3	0.0	0.0	-0.9	-1.2	-0.4
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.588	257.7	258.2	6.7	1.3	-2.9	-2.2	0.2
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.688	146.1	142.1	-6.5	-1.3	-0.3	-1.2	-2.7
Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec. 2022=100)	83	0.323	101.8	103.6	-	0.1	0.2	0.1	1.8
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	26.300	106.6	106.6	1.9	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.300	130.5	130.4	3.7	0.6	0.0	0.8	-0.1
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.999	81.7	81.6	-0.6	-0.2	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	9.195	150.2	150.6	2.1	-0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	6.922	124.8	125.2	0.9	-0.4	0.1	0.0	0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.696	117.5	118.3	3.2	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.7
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.232	136.7	135.9	3.0	0.4	0.0	0.0	-0.6
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi	94	0.589	149.9	148.7	-1.2	0.8	0.0	0.0	-0.8
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.497	118.2	117.7	9.9	0.1	0.3	0.0	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: July 2022 to July 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jun. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jun. 2023	Jul. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Jul. 2022 to Jul. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	144.4	145.7	-5.2	0.9	-0.4	-0.2	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	10.688	239.5	255.1	-25.6	6.3	-4.2	0.6	6.5
Manufacturing	88.808	136.6	136.9	-1.6	0.3	0.1	-0.3	0.2
Canada	100.000	170.5	175.6	-15.1	0.9	-1.9	-0.1	3.0
Nonmanufacturing	30.473	235.1	250.8	-26.8	6.5	-4.5	0.7	6.7
Manufacturing	68.632	157.0	159.1	-8.2	-1.4	-0.6	-0.3	1.3
European Union	100.000	155.5	155.8	0.7	0.5	0.3	-0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	99.233	151.3	151.5	1.0	0.4	0.3	-0.1	0.1
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	151.8	151.7	6.2	3.0	0.4	0.4	-0.1
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	124.8	124.6	-0.2	-0.1	0.3	-0.4	-0.2
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	135.1	135.9	-1.3	1.8	-0.7	-0.6	0.6
Latin America(3)	100.000	168.9	170.7	-1.8	0.5	-0.6	0.1	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	13.459	308.9	328.3	-13.4	3.5	-3.1	0.2	6.3
Manufacturing	86.305	137.6	137.9	0.9	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.2
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	143.1	146.6	1.6	0.8	-0.1	0.4	2.4
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.400	158.9	196.3	0.3	4.9	-0.4	2.6	23.5
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.368	98.4	98.8	2.3	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.4
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	102.9	102.8	-2.0	-0.3	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	102.0	101.8	-2.3	-0.4	-0.3	-0.4	-0.2
Japan	100.000	100.8	101.1	1.0	0.4	-0.2	0.0	0.3
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	109.9	109.6	-2.5	-0.5	-0.5	-0.1	-0.3
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	95.5	95.3	-4.9	-0.8	-0.7	0.3	-0.2
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	102.2	102.1	-2.5	0.0	-0.7	-0.4	-0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	209.4	212.0	-18.7	1.6	-4.2	-0.6	1.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: July 2022 to July 2023 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jun. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jun. 2023	Jul. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Jul. 2022 to Jul. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	118.3	119.5	-3.9	0.1	-1.8	-0.3	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	11.750	127.8	139.5	-18.8	0.1	-9.4	-2.4	9.2
Manufacturing	86.391	117.5	117.5	-0.8	0.0	-0.8	0.1	0.0
Canada	100.000	126.7	128.0	-1.8	-0.4	-1.6	0.0	1.0
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	7.240	125.7	132.8	-22.3	1.3	-5.4	-2.1	5.6
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	91.020	119.1	119.9	0.4	-0.7	-1.4	0.3	0.7
European Union	100.000	116.2	117.3	-4.4	1.1	-1.6	-0.5	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	14.756	129.6	138.2	-17.3	4.7	-8.8	-2.5	6.6
Manufacturing	83.400	113.5	113.6	-1.1	0.4	-0.4	0.0	0.1
Germany	100.000	115.8	117.0	2.0	1.1	-0.3	-0.6	1.0
Latin America(3)	100.000	121.2	121.9	-14.3	-0.6	-3.3	-0.2	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	8.834	132.1	139.7	-34.8	-3.7	-7.5	-1.6	5.8
Manufacturing	90.531	120.7	120.7	-11.4	-0.3	-2.9	0.0	0.0
Mexico	100.000	122.1	123.0	-11.5	-0.3	-2.2	-0.3	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	7.459	111.8	123.1	-38.5	-5.9	-6.5	-3.2	10.1
Manufacturing	91.911	123.9	123.9	-8.0	0.1	-1.7	-0.2	0.0
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	112.7	114.0	-6.8	0.3	-2.1	-1.1	1.2
Nonmanufacturing	20.474	116.1	125.8	-18.5	1.5	-8.1	-4.2	8.4
Manufacturing	78.356	113.5	112.8	-1.9	-0.1	-0.4	-0.2	-0.6
China	100.000	107.9	109.5	-8.8	-0.2	-2.1	-1.6	1.5
Nonmanufacturing	27.241	107.7	114.3	-19.6	1.3	-6.4	-4.0	6.1
Manufacturing	71.668	110.4	110.2	-2.7	-0.7	-0.4	-0.6	-0.2
Japan	100.000	111.7	112.0	-11.2	-0.7	-3.1	-1.2	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	23.861	119.5	124.2	-28.5	-1.0	-11.8	-3.9	3.9
Manufacturing	74.938	109.7	109.0	-1.9	-0.5	0.0	-0.1	-0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: July 2022 to July 2023(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Jun. 2023	Jul. 2023	Annual	Monthly
			Jul. 2022 to Jul. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.3	100.4	1.4	-0.9	-1.4	-0.1	0.1
Canada	97.6	95.8	15.7	-1.3	0.2	0.1	-1.8
European Union	100.6	101.3	-5.1	0.7	-1.9	-0.3	0.7
Germany	106.8	108.1	2.3	1.1	-0.6	-0.2	1.2
Latin America(3)	106.8	106.3	-12.7	-1.0	-2.7	-0.4	-0.5
Mexico	110.1	108.2	-13.0	-1.0	-2.1	-0.7	-1.7
Pacific Rim(4)	107.8	109.1	-4.9	0.6	-2.1	-0.8	1.2
China	105.9	107.7	-6.7	0.3	-1.9	-1.2	1.7
Japan	105.8	105.8	-12.1	-1.0	-2.9	-1.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: July 2022 to July 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jun. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jun. 2023	Jul. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Jul. 2022 to Jul. 2023	Mar. 2023 to Apr. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	240.9	244.1	-22.4	2.8	-5.2	6.1	1.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.536	217.3	187.8	-29.8	-14.6	-2.7	1.5	-13.6
Asia	71.999	231.1	250.3	-19.3	12.0	-5.6	7.5	8.3
Export Air Freight	100.000	173.1	174.8	-16.4	-1.2	-3.8	-3.8	1.0
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	25.640	137.6	144.2	-18.1	-2.8	-4.8	-0.3	4.8
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	51.871	133.1	135.5	-16.0	-1.0	-4.3	-5.3	1.8
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	167.6	167.6	-30.4	-1.0	-3.7	2.4	0.0
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	29.705	160.0	148.1	-20.0	-10.8	-1.1	1.4	-7.4
Asia	58.581	150.4	159.6	-35.1	4.5	-3.3	2.2	6.1
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	178.7	167.1	-23.1	-6.0	-4.9	2.1	-6.5
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.279	169.0	175.2	-16.0	-7.7	-3.1	-0.1	3.7
Asia	54.963	197.1	170.9	-27.7	-5.7	-7.1	4.4	-13.3
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	202.9	184.2	-3.5	-5.4	8.0	10.0	-9.2
Europe	48.198	241.9	215.3	3.8	-2.3	14.5	11.6	-11.0
Asia	5.753	199.0	186.2	-13.6	3.6	6.3	7.6	-6.4
Latin America/Caribbean	14.430	161.0	158.3	-3.9	-5.7	-9.5	6.3	-1.7
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	198.0	206.3	0.2	0.6	-5.5	9.3	4.2
Europe	22.741	262.9	271.0	8.6	-1.9	5.8	17.8	3.1
Asia	11.888	214.8	223.2	3.6	8.1	3.7	6.7	3.9
Latin America/Caribbean	52.370	193.4	201.7	-2.3	1.6	-13.0	7.6	4.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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