Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                  USDL-18-1455
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, September 14, 2018

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Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                          U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - AUGUST 2018


U.S. import prices declined 0.6 percent in August, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
following a 0.1-percent decrease the previous month. Falling prices for both fuel and nonfuel imports 
contributed to the August decline. Prices for U.S. exports edged down 0.1 percent, after decreasing 0.5 
percent in July. 


Imports

Import prices declined 0.6 percent in August, the largest monthly drop since the index fell 1.3 percent in 
January 2016. The August decrease followed a 0.1-percent decline in July and was only the third monthly 
drop over the past 12 months. Prices for U.S. imports advanced 3.7 percent from August 2017 to August 
2018 and have not recorded a 12-month decline since October 2016. (See table 1.)  


                     New Locality of Destination and Terms of Trade Data Available

New Locality of Destination export price indexes are available in table 8 and new Terms of Trade indexes 
by locality are available in table 9. For more information on the new index series, please see page 5.


Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices decreased 3.9 percent in August, the first decline for the index since a 2.6-
percent drop in March and the largest monthly decline since a 6.8-percent decrease in February 2016. 
Petroleum prices declined 3.9 percent in August, after increasing in each of the previous 4 months, and 
natural gas prices fell 6.3 percent following an 18.0-percent increase in July. Despite the downturn in 
August, fuel prices rose 30.6 percent over the past 12 months. The price index for petroleum increased 33.0 
percent for the year ended in August, and prices for natural gas decreased 11.7 percent over the same period.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices edged down 0.1 percent in August, after decreasing 0.3 
percent in each of the previous 2 months. In August, the decline was driven by falling prices for nonfuel 
industrial supplies and materials, although lower capital goods prices also contributed. In contrast, the price 
index for foods, feeds, and beverages advanced in August. Despite the downward trend over the past 3 
months, nonfuel import prices increased 0.9 percent between August 2017 and August 2018. The increase 
was led by a 6.4-percent rise in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices over the 12-month period.  

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials fell 
0.8 percent in August following a 1.1-percent decline the previous month. The August decrease was led by a 
1.9-percent drop in unfinished metals prices and a 2.6-percent decline in building materials prices.  

Finished Goods: Import prices for finished goods categories were mostly unchanged in August. The price 
index for capital goods edged down 0.1 percent, after recording no change in July. Prices for consumer 
goods and automotive vehicles recorded no change in August. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices advanced 0.4 percent in August following 
a 1.6-percent decline the previous month.


Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2017
August	0.6	4.0	0.3	0.6	0.0	0.7
September	0.8	5.7	0.3	0.8	-0.7	0.9
October	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	2.0	-0.1
November	1.0	9.8	0.0	0.5	-0.7	0.7
December	0.2	3.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.3	0.0
2018
January	0.8	3.3	0.5	0.7	0.0	0.8
February	0.2	-1.8	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.2
March	-0.2	-2.6	0.1	0.4	3.2	0.1
April	0.5	4.0	0.1	0.5	-1.1	0.7
May	0.9	(r)6.1	0.2	0.7	1.6	0.6
June	(r)0.1	(r)2.6	-0.3	0.2	-1.0	0.4
July	(r)-0.1	(r)1.0	-0.3	-0.5	(r)-5.2	0.0
August	-0.6	-3.9	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	-0.2
Aug. 2016 to 2017	2.0	14.4	1.0	2.3	1.7	2.4
Aug. 2017 to 2018	3.7	30.6	0.9	3.6	-1.7	4.1
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports decreased 0.1 percent in August, after declining 0.5 percent in July. The July 
downturn was the first monthly drop since June 2017. In August, lower prices for nonagricultural exports 
more than offset higher agricultural prices. The price index for overall exports advanced 3.6 percent for the 
year ended in August and has not recorded a 12-month decline since a 0.2-percent decrease in November 
2016. (See table 2.)  

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 0.2 percent in August following a 5.2-
percent decline the previous month. In August, higher prices for soybeans, wheat, and corn more than offset 
lower prices for meat, nuts, and fruit. Agricultural prices decreased 1.7 percent for the year ended in August, 
after increasing 1.7 percent between August 2016 and August 2017. Falling prices for soybeans, fruit, and 
meat all contributed to the decline over the past 12 months.   

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices fell 0.2 percent in August, after 
recording no change in July. The August decrease was led by declining prices for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials, consumer goods, and automotive vehicles. In contrast, the price index for capital 
goods advanced in August. Prices for nonagricultural exports increased 4.1 percent over the past year and 
have not recorded a 12-month decline since November 2016. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials decreased 0.6 percent in August following a 0.2-percent decline the previous month. The declines 
in August and July were both driven by lower metals prices. Despite the recent downturn, the index 
advanced 9.7 percent for the year ended in August. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in August. The price indexes for consumer goods and 
automotive vehicles each fell 0.1 percent. In contrast, capital goods prices advanced 0.2 percent in August, 
after ticking up 0.1 percent in July. The August increase was led by higher prices for electrical generating 
equipment.  


Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China edged down 0.1 percent for the 
second consecutive month in August. Those were the first monthly declines for the index since a 0.3-percent 
drop in September 2017. Prices for imports from Japan recorded no change in August following a 0.2-
percent increase in July and a 0.1-percent decrease in June. Import prices from Japan rose 1.0 percent over 
the past year, the largest 12-month advance since the index increased 1.0 percent between June 2016 and 
June 2017. The price index for imports from Canada fell 1.5 percent in August, after recording no change 
the previous month. The August decline was led by lower petroleum prices. Prices for imports from the 
European Union and Mexico each decreased 0.1 percent in August. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China edged down 0.1 percent in August 
following declines of 2.1 percent in July and 0.6 percent in June. Export prices to Japan declined for the 
third consecutive month in August, falling 0.4 percent, after decreasing 1.2 percent in July and 0.3 percent 
in June. The price index for exports to the European Union fell 0.2 percent in August following 0.1-percent 
drops in each of the previous 2 months. In August, the decline was led by a 0.2-percent decrease in 
manufactured goods prices. In contrast, prices for exports to Canada and Mexico each ticked up 0.1 percent 
in August. (See table 8.)     

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on the country, region, or grouping and 
measure the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade index 
with China recorded no change in August following a 2.0-percent decline in July and a 0.6-percent drop in 
June. Both the July and June decreases were driven by falling export prices to China. The U.S. terms of 
trade index with Japan decreased 0.4 percent in August, after declining 1.3 percent the previous month. The 
index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union decreased 0.2 percent in August, after edging down 
0.1 percent in July. In August, the U.S. terms of trade index with Canada advanced 1.6 percent and with 
Mexico rose 0.2 percent. (See table 9.)


Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 8.8 percent in August, the largest decrease since a 10.6-
percent drop in August 2017. Falling European, Asian, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all contributed 
to the drop in August 2018. Despite the August decline, import air passenger fares advanced 3.5 percent 
over the past year. Prices for import air freight decreased 0.6 percent in August and increased 3.0 percent 
over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)  

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares fell 3.7 percent in August, after increasing 1.6 percent in 
July and 5.0 percent in June. The August downturn was driven by an 11.1-percent drop in European fares. 
Export air passenger fares fell 3.3 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year decline since a 
5.8-percent drop in December 2017. Export air freight prices decreased 0.6 percent in August and rose 3.4 
percent over the past year.        
		
Import and Export Price Index data for September are scheduled for release on Friday, October 12, 2018 at 
8:30 a.m. (EDT).


                         New Locality of Destination and Terms of Trade Data 

Beginning with the August news release on September 14, the BLS introduced two new data series. Locality 
of Destination price indexes measure export prices based on the country, region, or grouping where items 
are exported. Terms of Trade indexes are based on the country, region, or grouping and measure the relative 
price for exports in terms of import prices and are defined as the all-export price index divided by the 
corresponding all-import price index. For more information on Terms of Trade indexes, please see "U.S. 
Import and Export Prices and the Terms of Trade" at www.bls.gov/opub/btn/archive/us-import-and-export-
price-indexes-and-the-terms-of-trade.pdf. 

The Locality of Destination price indexes are published at the all-export level and also include a breakdown 
by manufacturing industries and nonmanufacturing industries where possible. The countries, regions, or 
groupings for which indexes are published include the Industrialized Countries, the European Union, Latin 
America, the Pacific Rim, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, and Mexico. Indexes by manufacturing 
industries and nonmanufacturing industries are available for all countries and regions except Canada and 
Germany. 

Terms of Trade indexes are available for all countries, regions, and groupings where both the import 
Locality of Origin price index and the export Locality of Destination price index are published. These 
include the Industrialized Countries, the European Union, Latin America, the Pacific Rim, Canada, China, 
Germany, Japan, and Mexico.

The first publication month for the data series for both Locality of Destination price indexes and the Terms 
of Trade indexes is December 2017.

In addition to the new indexes, the numbering of the tables in the Import and Export Price Index news 
release changed. Tables 1 through 7 remain the same, and the new Locality of Destination data are in table 8 
and the new Terms of Trade data are in table 9. The previous table for Selected Transportation Services 
changed from table 8 to table 10. 

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2017 to August 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance July 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2018	Aug. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2017 to Aug. 2018	Apr. 2018 to May 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018
All commodities		100.000	128.2	127.4	3.7	0.9	0.1	-0.1	-0.6
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		82.322	100.6	100.4	1.3	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
All imports excluding petroleum		88.790	113.4	113.2	1.0	0.1	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		88.132	117.5	117.4	0.9	0.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	5.810	175.3	176.0	-3.4	0.4	-2.6	-1.6	0.4
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.525	190.6	192.0	-4.2	0.6	-2.8	-2.2	0.7
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.285	141.1	140.5	-0.2	-0.3	-1.9	0.6	-0.4
Industrial supplies & materials	1	26.233	200.7	196.3	16.1	3.1	1.3	-0.1	-2.2
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		15.086	158.8	157.2	6.0	0.2	0.3	-0.7	-1.0
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		14.354	181.1	179.6	6.4	0.9	0.2	-1.1	-0.8
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.146	172.5	170.3	6.0	1.5	0.3	-1.7	-1.3
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.878	141.5	140.9	6.2	-1.8	0.1	0.7	-0.4
Fuels & lubricants	10	11.868	232.9	223.9	30.6	6.1	2.6	1.0	-3.9
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	11.210	257.0	247.0	33.0	7.4	2.8	0.7	-3.9
Crude	10000	8.117	272.3	257.2	36.4	8.8	1.8	0.9	-5.5
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.477	95.0	90.3	-1.6	-17.0	1.3	10.1	-4.9
Gas-natural	10110	0.477	70.3	65.9	-11.7	-24.7	-5.2	18.0	-6.3
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.583	120.3	121.5	12.8	0.3	1.5	1.4	1.0
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.699	162.6	162.5	6.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4	-0.1
Selected building materials	13	1.685	159.5	155.3	3.4	1.9	0.4	-2.0	-2.6
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.919	238.4	233.8	8.0	1.7	0.6	-2.9	-1.9
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.806	162.6	161.6	6.2	1.8	-0.7	-0.5	-0.6
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.675	113.7	114.4	4.0	0.2	0.8	0.5	0.6
Capital goods	2	26.398	89.4	89.3	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.211	118.0	118.2	1.2	0.3	-0.3	0.1	0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	20.975	81.8	81.7	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.211	134.7	134.7	0.3	-0.4	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.637	110.4	110.4	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	25.922	107.6	107.6	0.6	0.2	-0.3	0.3	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.806	123.8	123.8	1.9	0.5	-0.1	0.9	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	11.850	92.7	92.6	-0.8	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.267	113.8	113.8	-0.5	0.7	-2.1	-1.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2017 to August 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance July 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2018	Aug. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2017 to Aug. 2018	Apr. 2018 to May 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018
All commodities		100.000	127.4	127.3	3.6	0.7	0.2	-0.5	-0.1
Agricultural commodities		9.543	174.6	175.0	-1.7	1.6	-1.0	-5.2	0.2
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.776	101.7	101.5	2.3	0.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Nonagricultural commodities		90.457	123.8	123.6	4.1	0.6	0.4	0.0	-0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.934	176.3	177.3	-1.7	1.1	-1.0	-4.8	0.6
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.303	174.3	175.3	-2.3	1.5	-0.8	-5.3	0.6
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.630	214.0	216.0	7.6	-4.5	-3.0	2.6	0.9
Industrial supplies & materials	1	32.133	163.9	162.9	9.4	1.8	1.0	-0.4	-0.6
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.433	167.0	163.8	3.3	-0.1	0.5	-1.2	-1.9
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		21.701	162.7	162.8	12.6	2.8	1.2	0.1	0.1
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.240	182.4	179.4	2.7	2.6	-2.1	-5.0	-1.6
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.893	163.3	162.4	9.7	1.8	1.1	-0.2	-0.6
Fuels & lubricants	11	10.290	205.8	206.6	20.5	5.0	2.8	0.2	0.4
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.578	161.2	159.6	5.2	0.2	0.3	-0.4	-1.0
Selected building materials	13	1.024	125.0	123.4	2.1	0.5	0.2	0.2	-1.3
Capital goods	2	36.445	109.9	110.1	1.9	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.872	116.8	118.1	4.4	0.3	0.4	-0.5	1.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.453	94.9	95.0	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.120	176.5	176.4	3.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.044	114.1	114.0	0.5	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.444	109.8	109.7	0.5	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.052	106.4	106.4	1.1	-0.1	-0.6	0.1	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	4.961	107.7	107.5	-0.3	0.0	0.3	0.0	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2017 to August 2018 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance July 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2018	Aug. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2017 to Aug. 2018	Apr. 2018 to May 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018
Nonmanufacturing		10.454	120.8	115.7	21.8	5.7	-0.2	0.4	-4.2
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.788	164.7	167.5	-10.5	0.5	-7.4	-4.4	1.7
Crop production	111	1.417	173.0	176.0	-12.5	1.7	-8.1	-5.6	1.7
Animal production (Dec. 2014=100)	112	0.187	76.0	76.7	-5.1	0.8	-4.2	-0.9	0.9
Mining	21	8.666	117.5	111.1	32.3	7.0	1.6	1.5	-5.4
Oil and gas extraction	211	8.418	117.8	111.2	33.3	7.3	1.5	1.5	-5.6
Manufacturing		89.262	112.5	112.4	2.0	0.3	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.212	124.9	124.8	0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Food manufacturing	311	3.351	155.5	155.2	-1.0	0.3	-1.3	-0.7	-0.2
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.093	121.8	121.9	2.5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.380	100.1	100.2	1.3	-0.4	-0.3	0.3	0.1
Textile product mills	314	0.911	109.4	109.7	0.6	0.0	-0.3	0.0	0.3
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.819	111.6	111.5	0.4	0.1	0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.659	123.5	123.5	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.514	129.5	129.6	7.6	1.0	0.9	0.4	0.1
Wood product manufacturing	321	1.062	144.0	138.6	4.7	3.1	0.5	-2.9	-3.8
Paper manufacturing	322	1.057	113.6	115.5	9.6	0.3	2.0	1.5	1.7
Printing and related support activities (Dec. 2016=100)	323	0.214	104.1	104.1	5.5	-0.1	2.9	0.4	0.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.828	104.1	105.0	26.4	3.6	5.7	-0.1	0.9
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.187	141.8	142.0	5.3	0.6	-0.3	0.8	0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.180	119.7	119.6	0.9	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.986	131.3	131.1	2.2	0.1	0.5	0.2	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.536	104.8	104.6	0.7	0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.472	158.3	155.4	8.3	2.1	0.1	-2.5	-1.8
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.083	128.0	127.8	3.2	0.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	6.715	118.7	118.8	1.2	0.0	-0.3	0.1	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.754	75.0	74.9	-1.4	-0.4	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	4.866	116.1	116.2	1.0	0.3	-0.2	0.2	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.603	109.5	109.4	0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.762	117.2	117.4	1.6	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.281	118.8	118.3	0.5	0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2017 to August 2018 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance July 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2018	Aug. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2017 to Aug. 2018	Apr. 2018 to May 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018
Nonmanufacturing		8.216	136.2	138.2	4.4	2.0	1.2	-5.7	1.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.832	147.6	150.0	-1.4	1.8	-1.8	-8.7	1.6
Crop production	111	4.550	153.2	156.2	-1.2	2.5	-1.7	-9.0	2.0
Mining	21	3.384	93.5	94.7	13.7	2.4	6.1	-1.1	1.3
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.140	113.2	108.9	5.0	1.8	-0.2	-1.2	-3.8
Manufacturing		90.182	117.4	117.2	3.7	0.6	0.2	0.0	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.892	140.0	139.0	-0.4	0.4	-0.2	-0.8	-0.7
Food manufacturing	311	4.692	157.5	156.5	-1.4	0.1	-0.2	-0.8	-0.6
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.691	120.8	116.7	2.3	3.3	-1.2	-3.6	-3.4
Textile mills (Dec. 2016=100)	313	0.643	105.4	105.8	5.0	0.0	1.1	0.5	0.4
Leather and allied product manufacturing (Dec. 2016=100)	316	0.259	94.0	93.6	-3.3	-0.9	-1.0	-0.7	-0.4
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.815	119.6	119.4	9.7	1.8	0.3	0.3	-0.2
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.536	103.2	102.3	-	0.2	-0.5	-0.7	-0.9
Paper manufacturing	322	1.714	132.2	132.0	9.3	1.6	0.2	0.9	-0.2
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.959	123.5	122.6	24.7	6.2	0.9	0.9	-0.7
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.303	119.9	119.8	5.4	0.3	-0.1	0.3	-0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.233	116.0	116.0	1.5	0.1	1.0	-0.2	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.827	116.8	116.7	2.7	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	57.476	114.1	114.0	1.6	0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	3.897	144.8	141.7	3.1	-0.1	0.3	-2.0	-2.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.040	141.1	140.9	2.0	0.1	0.1	0.4	-0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.918	127.3	127.7	1.4	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.954	83.4	83.3	0.6	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.839	117.7	118.5	4.2	0.6	0.5	-0.3	0.7
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	18.076	127.0	126.9	1.8	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.405	121.1	121.1	3.2	0.0	0.3	1.8	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.347	120.6	120.5	1.1	0.0	0.4	0.1	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2017 to August 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance July 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2018	Aug. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2017 to Aug. 2018	Apr. 2018 to May 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018
Live animals; animal products	I	1.353	193.2	193.6	-0.5	0.2	-2.6	0.4	0.2
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.372	249.0	247.2	0.5	0.8	-1.3	0.2	-0.7
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.691	139.3	138.2	-1.5	-0.1	-3.9	0.6	-0.8
Vegetable products	II	1.741	191.5	196.0	-11.6	1.0	-7.4	-5.1	2.3
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.337	362.7	362.6	-20.3	-2.2	-15.9	1.5	0.0
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.700	112.3	117.7	-12.1	2.2	-5.3	-9.9	4.8
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.315	210.6	209.2	-10.3	0.6	-1.9	-1.1	-0.7
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.257	98.9	97.8	-16.0	-3.0	-4.5	-1.3	-1.1
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.775	166.1	165.6	2.0	0.6	-0.4	-0.6	-0.3
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2012=100)	17	0.193	87.7	87.5	1.7	-0.9	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.206	99.7	96.5	1.0	2.3	-2.7	-1.2	-3.2
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.367	171.8	172.5	2.3	0.9	0.7	0.3	0.4
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.206	103.1	103.1	-	0.0	0.1	1.0	0.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.034	132.0	132.1	2.8	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mineral products	V	11.689	233.3	224.2	30.8	6.2	2.8	1.2	-3.9
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	11.428	231.1	221.9	31.5	6.3	2.8	1.1	-4.0
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.533	159.7	159.7	5.5	0.6	-0.3	0.9	0.0
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.619	317.0	316.7	16.9	-1.2	1.0	0.7	-0.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.430	134.2	133.8	8.4	1.0	-0.1	0.4	-0.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.484	153.9	154.1	3.7	0.9	-0.6	1.5	0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)	31	0.259	81.5	82.6	17.8	2.1	0.2	-0.5	1.3
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2011=100)	32	0.184	109.1	107.3	-1.5	-0.2	0.7	1.0	-1.6
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.568	102.2	102.2	0.8	-0.2	-0.6	-0.7	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.633	107.3	107.0	1.9	-0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.3
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.386	141.4	141.9	1.5	-0.1	0.4	-0.1	0.4
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.232	144.7	145.5	2.5	0.0	0.8	0.2	0.6
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.153	137.0	137.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.6	0.1
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.632	125.7	125.8	1.7	1.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.598	131.5	131.6	2.0	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.094	175.1	168.7	4.7	2.9	0.4	-2.9	-3.7
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2014=100)	44	1.071	121.0	116.5	4.9	3.0	0.4	-3.0	-3.7
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.115	119.9	120.8	9.5	0.3	1.6	1.7	0.8
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.732	110.7	111.5	8.3	0.4	1.1	2.2	0.7
Printed matter (Dec. 2015=100)	49	0.213	111.0	111.0	6.2	-0.1	3.5	0.5	0.0
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.961	114.3	114.2	0.7	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.996	104.2	104.0	0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.1	-0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.691	119.8	119.9	0.8	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.1
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.634	103.9	104.3	0.6	0.0	-0.3	0.0	0.4
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.370	122.5	122.5	0.6	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.146	121.2	121.2	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.919	132.1	131.8	1.2	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2015=100)	68	0.332	100.4	99.6	3.1	0.2	0.7	0.0	-0.8
Ceramic products	69	0.254	135.1	135.1	-0.4	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Glass and glassware	70	0.332	131.3	131.4	0.4	-0.1	-0.6	-0.2	0.1
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.998	171.3	168.5	-1.2	-0.4	0.2	-1.7	-1.6
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.635	183.0	181.3	7.5	1.9	0.2	-1.2	-0.9
Iron and steel	72	1.364	232.4	230.1	16.7	1.6	0.0	0.4	-1.0
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.598	152.8	152.7	5.9	0.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.403	293.6	286.3	0.3	8.0	-0.9	-7.1	-2.5
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.953	141.4	139.4	8.1	5.1	0.0	-1.8	-1.4
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.414	122.9	122.9	-0.1	0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.511	137.2	137.2	0.3	0.1	-0.5	0.2	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.528	80.4	80.4	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	13.995	86.8	86.8	0.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.533	74.4	74.5	-1.3	-0.1	-0.3	-0.3	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.853	114.3	114.3	0.4	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.667	113.4	113.3	0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)	88	1.096	115.4	115.3	-0.1	-0.8	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.805	102.3	102.0	0.2	-0.3	-0.5	-0.2	-0.3
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.520	98.9	98.6	0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.2	-0.3
Clocks and watches and parts thereof	91	0.226	142.2	141.8	-1.5	-1.1	-1.5	0.4	-0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.269	112.4	112.6	1.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.690	118.2	118.4	1.4	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.298	102.7	103.0	1.7	0.5	0.0	0.1	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.281	129.6	129.5	-0.2	0.0	0.5	0.3	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2017 to August 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance July 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2018	Aug. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2017 to Aug. 2018	Apr. 2018 to May 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018
Live animals; animal products	I	1.940	209.9	207.9	-2.1	-1.0	-0.6	0.9	-1.0
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.167	165.6	162.5	-5.1	-0.8	-0.9	0.6	-1.9
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.418	118.7	119.4	9.0	-5.4	-3.4	3.9	0.6
Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2017=100)	04	0.279	102.1	103.0	-	4.6	4.4	-1.6	0.9
Vegetable products	II	4.462	185.4	188.3	-1.9	2.2	-1.4	-8.9	1.6
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.835	135.0	131.1	-6.3	-5.4	2.1	-5.3	-2.9
Cereals	10	1.380	187.4	196.8	8.7	5.5	-2.6	-7.7	5.0
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.760	187.4	191.9	-4.3	1.6	-2.2	-11.7	2.4
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.047	150.8	150.5	1.0	1.0	-0.7	-1.6	-0.2
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2009=100)	20	0.341	116.3	116.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.5	-0.9	0.2
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.557	95.8	97.9	-	-0.1	0.2	-1.6	2.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.532	109.6	109.9	-2.0	1.0	-0.3	-0.6	0.3
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.731	217.9	210.8	10.3	3.7	-2.1	-4.5	-3.3
Mineral products	V	10.679	247.4	247.1	21.0	4.9	2.7	0.2	-0.1
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.537	106.7	97.8	2.6	-0.6	-0.9	-2.1	-8.3
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.963	238.7	239.5	22.4	5.3	3.0	0.3	0.3
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.753	139.2	138.8	3.1	0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.699	157.8	152.8	-6.1	-0.5	0.0	-5.5	-3.2
Organic chemicals	29	2.580	147.1	146.9	10.5	1.2	0.9	0.7	-0.1
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.184	106.6	106.5	1.1	-0.1	-1.0	0.1	-0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2016=100)	31	0.257	120.7	120.7	13.9	0.6	-1.8	0.2	0.0
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.531	102.6	102.6	4.4	1.1	-0.3	0.2	0.0
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.807	130.8	130.9	-1.1	-0.7	0.4	-0.2	0.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.489	119.3	118.5	-8.7	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.7
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.823	154.2	154.5	7.1	0.2	-0.1	1.0	0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.201	145.4	145.5	6.5	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.318	142.0	142.0	7.1	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.0
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.883	158.6	159.0	4.1	0.8	0.4	-0.6	0.3
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.680	105.9	103.6	4.4	0.6	-0.3	-0.6	-2.2
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	2.114	135.4	134.8	4.2	1.8	0.8	1.2	-0.4
Woodpulp and recovered paper	47	0.673	147.0	144.7	-0.3	3.5	2.2	2.7	-1.6
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.106	129.9	130.1	6.5	1.5	-0.2	0.7	0.2
Printed material (Dec. 2014=100)	49	0.336	108.1	108.1	6.5	0.0	0.8	-0.3	0.0
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.677	124.7	126.1	5.0	1.2	-0.7	-1.0	1.1
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.460	137.0	140.2	10.1	2.8	-2.6	-3.2	2.3
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.801	124.1	124.0	0.9	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2015=100)	68	0.268	102.1	102.1	0.8	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Glass and glassware	70	0.409	99.3	99.2	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.002	235.1	232.0	-0.7	-0.9	0.2	-1.5	-1.3
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.991	163.9	161.2	5.1	0.2	0.5	-0.7	-1.6
Iron and steel	72	1.130	182.2	181.5	13.4	-0.1	0.3	-0.2	-0.4
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.554	196.1	186.2	3.7	-1.8	4.2	-4.6	-5.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.965	120.4	113.8	1.9	2.8	-0.1	-2.7	-5.5
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal (Dec. 2015=100)	82	0.315	100.0	100.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.343	153.0	153.0	3.4	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	27.458	97.6	97.7	1.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.767	115.2	115.0	0.9	0.0	0.1	0.1	-0.2
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.692	78.7	79.0	2.1	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.4
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.235	135.3	135.4	1.8	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.258	116.4	116.2	0.8	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.933	109.5	109.6	2.7	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.395	112.9	112.8	0.4	-0.2	0.0	0.7	-0.1
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.819	130.2	130.2	1.6	-0.3	0.1	1.2	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.415	87.4	87.4	-1.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: August 2017 to August 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance July 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		July 2018	Aug. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2017 to Aug. 2018	Apr. 2018 to May 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	126.1	125.3	4.7	1.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.6
Nonmanufacturing	9.622	170.9	163.7	21.8	9.0	-0.9	3.0	-4.2
Manufacturing	89.842	122.0	121.7	3.1	0.5	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Canada	100.000	137.7	135.6	8.8	3.2	0.2	0.0	-1.5
Nonmanufacturing	25.393	163.2	156.3	21.7	9.5	-1.1	3.0	-4.2
Manufacturing	73.715	134.4	133.7	4.9	1.4	0.7	-1.0	-0.5
European Union	100.000	137.3	137.2	2.7	0.3	-0.3	0.0	-0.1
Manufacturing	98.950	133.8	133.7	2.7	0.3	-0.3	0.1	-0.1
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.6	128.6	3.0	0.3	-0.3	-0.1	0.0
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	111.9	112.0	-2.5	0.0	-0.3	-0.2	0.1
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	122.1	121.6	3.1	0.6	0.3	-0.4	-0.4
Latin America(3)	100.000	152.1	150.6	4.7	1.1	-0.5	0.2	-1.0
Nonmanufacturing	19.588	277.6	269.4	18.8	5.1	-1.3	1.1	-3.0
Manufacturing	80.143	122.8	122.3	1.6	0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.4
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.5	128.4	0.9	0.4	-0.2	-0.4	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	9.163	139.8	139.6	9.1	5.0	-1.9	1.9	-0.1
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	90.583	88.3	88.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.6	-0.1
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	99.3	99.2	0.7	0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	100.4	100.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Japan	100.000	96.7	96.7	1.0	0.0	-0.1	0.2	0.0
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	89.3	88.9	2.5	0.6	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	98.8	98.9	1.0	0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	192.0	185.2	24.7	3.1	2.4	0.2	-3.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: August 2017 to August 2018 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance July 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		July 2018	Aug. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2017 to Aug. 2018	Apr. 2018 to May 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	102.4	102.3	-	0.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	6.430	98.4	99.1	-	1.2	-2.2	2.7	0.7
Manufacturing	92.317	102.8	102.6	-	0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Canada	100.000	103.8	103.9	-	0.8	0.2	-0.1	0.1
European Union	100.000	103.3	103.1	-	0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	4.722	97.9	98.7	-	-1.4	0.1	-5.3	0.8
Manufacturing	94.250	103.6	103.4	-	0.4	-0.2	0.2	-0.2
Germany	100.000	101.6	101.3	-	-0.1	-0.4	-0.2	-0.3
Latin America(3)	100.000	103.7	103.7	-	1.3	0.4	0.0	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	6.318	103.3	105.4	-	3.7	0.4	-2.8	2.0
Manufacturing	93.340	103.7	103.6	-	1.1	0.4	0.2	-0.1
Mexico	100.000	102.7	102.8	-	0.9	0.3	0.1	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	6.144	102.5	104.0	-	3.5	0.1	-2.3	1.5
Manufacturing	93.457	102.7	102.7	-	0.7	0.4	0.2	0.0
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	100.7	100.2	-	0.5	-0.3	-1.1	-0.5
Nonmanufacturing	11.794	95.8	96.0	-	2.1	-2.9	-7.1	0.2
Manufacturing	85.575	101.3	100.9	-	0.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.4
China	100.000	100.1	100.0	-	0.3	-0.6	-2.1	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	18.286	94.1	96.4	-	1.0	-2.3	-9.3	2.4
Manufacturing	76.882	101.0	100.8	-	-0.1	-0.3	-0.5	-0.2
Japan	100.000	100.4	100.0	-	0.0	-0.3	-1.2	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	14.587	96.9	95.5	-	0.1	-2.1	-7.4	-1.4
Manufacturing	84.438	101.0	100.9	-	0.0	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: August 2017 to August 2018(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	July 2018	Aug. 2018	Annual	Monthly
			Aug. 2017 to Aug. 2018	Apr. 2018 to May 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	99.4	99.9	-	-0.6	0.2	-0.3	0.5
Canada	99.1	100.7	-	-2.4	-0.1	0.0	1.6
European Union	101.3	101.1	-	0.0	0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Germany	104.5	104.1	-	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.4
Latin America(3)	101.5	102.5	-	0.2	0.8	-0.2	1.0
Mexico	103.1	103.3	-	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.2
Pacific Rim(4)	99.8	99.4	-	0.3	-0.3	-1.0	-0.4
China	99.8	99.8	-	0.2	-0.6	-2.0	0.0
Japan	99.2	98.8	-	0.0	-0.2	-1.3	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the respective import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: August 2017 to August 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance July 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		July 2018	Aug. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2017 to Aug. 2018	Apr. 2018 to May 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	188.5	187.4	3.0	1.7	-1.0	-2.3	-0.6
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.983	149.0	147.6	2.0	1.3	-3.2	-0.3	-0.9
Asia	63.870	182.1	181.0	3.1	2.2	-0.3	-3.3	-0.6
Export Air Freight	100.000	163.9	162.9	3.4	0.7	0.0	-0.1	-0.6
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	32.870	148.4	148.1	0.8	0.0	0.8	-0.4	-0.2
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	171.8	171.1	3.4	1.5	-0.2	-2.0	-0.4
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.844	137.1	135.6	0.9	1.2	-2.2	0.1	-1.1
Asia	59.091	162.6	162.1	1.8	2.0	0.5	-2.9	-0.3
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	144.3	148.7	5.5	-1.4	-0.4	3.4	3.0
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	32.881	147.9	148.1	1.4	0.4	0.2	-0.7	0.1
Asia	43.935	142.2	152.7	11.5	-3.7	-0.6	8.4	7.4
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	179.3	163.5	3.5	-2.5	7.3	-5.8	-8.8
Europe	41.449	200.3	175.8	8.3	-5.0	7.9	-8.5	-12.2
Asia	24.728	144.6	133.1	2.9	6.1	12.6	-7.9	-8.0
Latin America/Caribbean	9.754	164.4	157.5	-2.7	-8.0	4.6	2.3	-4.2
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	161.5	155.6	-3.3	-0.7	5.0	1.6	-3.7
Europe	30.548	213.1	189.4	4.3	-0.1	6.4	0.3	-11.1
Asia	27.000	142.3	145.2	-2.9	2.2	7.0	4.4	2.0
Latin America/Caribbean	23.398	164.6	162.1	-3.9	-5.3	4.0	0.9	-1.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                         TECHNICAL NOTE 


Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification 
system of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" 
(f.a.s.) factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications." 

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price index 
on a scale of 100. 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

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