Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                       USDL-20-1735
8:30 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, September 15, 2020

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                                U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - AUGUST 2020

U.S. import prices rose 0.9 percent in August, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, following 
advances of 1.2 percent in July and 1.4 percent in June. Higher prices for both fuel and nonfuel imports 
contributed to the August increase. Prices for U.S. exports also advanced in August, rising 0.5 percent, after 
increasing 0.9 percent the previous month.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
          Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on August 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data
       
The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the August release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 
August were 3.5-percentage points lower than those in August 2019. A small number of indexes that are 
normally published were not published in August. Additional information is available at 
www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-august-2020.htm.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports advanced 0.9 percent in August, after rising 3.3 percent from April to July. Prior to 
that, import prices decreased 5.6 percent from January to April. Despite the recent increases, U.S. import 
prices declined 1.4 percent for the year ended in August. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: The price index for import fuel rose 3.3 percent in August following increases of 15.1 
percent in July, 21.3 percent in June, and 13.9 percent in May. In August, higher prices for both petroleum 
and natural gas contributed to the advance. Petroleum prices increased 2.9 percent in August, after rising 
63.3 percent from April to July. The price index for natural gas advanced 12.2 percent in August following a 
9.1-percent drop the previous month. Despite the increases in each of the past 4 months, import fuel prices 
fell 22.2 percent from August 2019 to August 2020. Prices for petroleum declined 24.1 percent and natural 
gas prices increased 53.0 percent over the past year.   
 
All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices rose 0.7 percent in August, after increasing 0.2 percent 
in July and 0.3 percent in June. The August advance was the largest monthly increase since a 0.8-percent 
rise in April 2011. In August, the increase was driven by a 3.6-percent advance in nonfuel industrial 
supplies and materials prices. The price index for nonfuel imports rose 0.8 percent from August 2019 to 
August 2020. 
 
Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
rose 3.6 percent in August, the largest 1-month advance since the index was first published in December 
2001. The August increase was led by higher prices for unfinished metals and selected building materials. 

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods categories increased in August. Consumer 
goods prices rose 0.2 percent, after advancing 0.3 percent in July. The August increase was driven by higher 
prices for coins, gems, jewelry, and collectibles. Prices for capital goods and automotive vehicles each 
ticked up 0.1 percent in August.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices advanced 0.4 percent in August following 
declines of 0.9 percent in July and 0.4 percent in June. The increase in August was led by rising prices for 
meat, food oils and oilseeds, and vegetables.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2019
August	-0.6	-4.2	-0.1	-0.6	-2.4	-0.3
September	0.1	1.0	-0.1	-0.3	-1.6	-0.2
October	-0.4	-1.6	-0.3	0.0	1.7	-0.2
November	0.2	2.2	-0.1	0.1	2.4	-0.1
December	0.2	1.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
2020
January	0.2	-0.1	0.3	0.6	2.0	0.6
February	-0.7	-9.1	0.2	-1.2	-2.9	-1.1
March	-2.4	-26.5	0.0	-1.4	-1.4	-1.4
April	-2.6	-30.9	-0.5	-3.5	-3.3	-3.5
May	0.7	(r)13.9	0.1	0.0	(r)-0.4	(r)0.0
June	1.4	(r)21.3	0.3	(r)1.8	(r)1.6	(r)1.7
July	(r)1.2	(r)15.1	0.2	(r)0.9	(r)1.6	(r)0.9
August	0.9	3.3	0.7	0.5	-2.2	0.8
Aug. 2018 to 2019	-2.1	-9.2	-1.1	-1.4	0.6	-1.6
Aug. 2019 to 2020	-1.4	-22.2	0.8	-2.8	-2.9	-2.8
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports increased 0.5 percent in August, after advancing 0.9 percent in July and 1.8 
percent in June. In August, rising nonagricultural prices more than offset falling agricultural prices. U.S. 
export prices declined 2.8 percent over the past 12 months, the smallest over-the-year decrease since 
February 2020. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports declined 2.2 percent in August following consecutive 
1.6-percent increases in July and June. In August, declining prices for vegetables, corn, and dairy products, 
which fell 11.8 percent, 7.1 percent, and 9.9 percent, respectively, drove the drop in agricultural prices. 
Export agricultural prices also fell over the past year, decreasing 2.9 percent led by a 16.1-percent drop in 
corn prices, a 24.4-percent fall in nut prices, and a 5.0-percent decline in meat prices.   

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices advanced 0.8 percent in August, after 
increasing 0.9 percent in July and 1.7 percent in June. The August rise was primarily led by higher 
nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices; rising prices for consumer goods, capital goods, and 
nonagricultural foods also contributed to the increase. The price index for nonagricultural exports decreased 
2.8 percent for the year ended in August. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials, 
consumer goods, nonagricultural foods, and automotive vehicles more than offset higher capital goods 
prices.          

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials increased 2.3 percent in August following advances of 2.2 percent in July and 6.1 percent in 
June. The August rise was driven by higher prices for nonferrous metals, chemicals, and fuel.     

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in August. Prices for export consumer goods rose 
0.3 percent, after increasing 0.2 percent in July. The August advance was the largest 1-month rise since a 
0.3-percent increase in July 2019 and was led by a 0.3-percent advance in medicinal, pharmaceutical, and 
dental materials prices. The price index for export capital goods rose 0.1 percent in August following a 0.3-
percent increase the previous month. Automotive vehicles prices were unchanged in August. 

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China was unchanged in August 
following a 0.2-percent advance the previous month. Prices for imports from China declined 0.3 percent 
over the past 12 months. Import prices from Japan were unchanged for the second consecutive month in 
August. The price index for imports from Japan decreased 0.2 percent for the year ended in August. Prices 
for imports from Canada increased 3.3 percent in August, after advancing 20.1 percent from April to July. 
Despite the recent increases, import prices from Canada fell 4.6 percent for the year ended in August. The 
price indexes for imports from Mexico and the European Union also rose in August, increasing 0.9 percent 
and 0.4 percent, respectively. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China advanced 0.8 percent in August, after rising 
1.3 percent the previous month. Prices for exports to China were unchanged over the past year. The price 
index for exports to Japan increased 0.6 percent for the second consecutive month in August following a 
4.4-percent advance in June. Despite the recent increases, export prices to Japan decreased 2.1 percent from 
August 2019 to August 2020. Prices for exports to Canada rose 0.7 percent in August, after advances of 1.3 
percent in July and 1.6 percent in June. The price index for exports to Canada declined 1.9 percent over the 
past 12 months. Export prices to Mexico and the European Union also increased in August, rising 0.5 
percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
China advanced 0.8 percent in August, after rising 5.2 percent from April to July, the largest 3-month 
advance since the index was first published in December 2017. The U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 0.6 
percent for the second consecutive month in August following a 4.1-percent increase in June. In contrast, 
the index for U.S. terms of trade with Canada fell 2.5 percent in August, after declining 14.2 percent from 
April to July. In August, higher import prices from Canada more than offset increasing export prices to 
Canada. The U.S. terms of trade with Mexico and the European Union also decreased in August, declining 
0.4 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares ticked up 0.1 percent in August, after falling 4.0 percent in July and 
rising 7.0 percent in June. In August, rising prices for Asian fares more than offset lower European and 
Latin American/Caribbean fares. Import air passenger fares declined 8.9 percent over the past 12 months. 
The price index for import air freight advanced 1.8 percent in August following a 14.0-percent drop in July 
and a 3.1-percent decrease in June. Import air freight prices rose 55.8 percent from August 2019 to August 
2020. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares increased 3.1 percent in August, after advancing 5.5 percent in July and 
6.4 percent in June. The August rise was led by a 17.5-percent increase in Asian fares, which rose 43.0 
percent from April to August. Despite the recent advances, overall export air passenger fares declined 5.8 
percent for the year ended in August. Prices for export air freight increased 1.1 percent in August following 
a 0.1-percent decrease the previous month and a 2.2-percent advance in June. The index for export air 
freight prices rose 3.3 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month advance since the index increased 3.8 
percent for the year ended February 2019.  
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for September are scheduled for release on Thursday, October 15, 
2020 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2019 to August 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jul. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2020	Aug. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2019 to Aug. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020
All commodities		100.000	122.1	123.2	-1.4	0.7	1.4	1.2	0.9
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		86.395	99.3	100.0	0.9	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.7
All imports excluding petroleum		92.946	112.2	113.0	1.1	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.7
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		92.608	116.2	117.0	0.8	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.7
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.213	176.9	177.6	-0.3	1.8	-0.4	-0.9	0.4
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.837	193.1	194.3	0.3	2.9	-0.2	-1.2	0.6
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.377	140.5	140.0	-2.3	-2.3	-1.1	0.2	-0.4
Industrial supplies & materials	1	21.360	166.9	172.8	-7.0	3.1	7.0	5.7	3.5
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.510	152.9	158.9	4.9	-0.3	1.5	0.9	3.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		13.985	173.9	180.2	3.6	-0.5	1.4	1.3	3.6
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.913	169.7	179.4	7.9	-0.2	1.9	1.9	5.7
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.394	132.0	133.3	-0.2	-0.5	0.8	-0.5	1.0
Fuels & lubricants	10	7.392	155.5	160.6	-22.2	13.9	21.3	15.1	3.3
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	7.054	167.1	172.0	-24.1	14.5	22.5	16.5	2.9
Crude	10000	4.759	168.2	172.9	-25.7	18.9	34.4	21.4	2.8
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.338	91.0	100.2	34.9	5.3	4.2	-7.8	10.1
Gas-natural	10110	0.280	79.8	89.5	53.0	6.4	5.3	-9.1	12.2
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.510	108.8	108.1	-7.1	0.1	3.0	-1.5	-0.6
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.546	150.1	150.4	-3.1	-1.1	0.3	0.3	0.2
Selected building materials	13	1.644	153.3	169.4	19.8	0.8	2.8	4.6	10.5
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.596	237.0	257.1	10.2	-1.4	3.2	2.1	8.5
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.850	159.6	160.8	2.0	1.2	0.3	1.2	0.8
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.823	112.2	113.0	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.1	0.7
Capital goods	2	29.279	88.4	88.5	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.709	121.3	121.3	1.4	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.164	80.3	80.4	0.5	0.0	0.4	0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.406	135.4	135.4	-1.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.967	110.5	110.6	0.8	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.180	106.8	107.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.451	124.5	124.5	0.5	-0.1	0.2	0.4	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	12.457	90.5	90.8	-0.7	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.272	114.9	115.7	-0.7	-	1.1	0.0	0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2019 to August 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jul. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2020	Aug. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2019 to Aug. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020
All commodities		100.000	121.4	122.0	-2.8	0.0	1.8	0.9	0.5
Agricultural commodities		9.440	175.1	171.3	-2.9	-0.4	1.6	1.6	-2.2
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		82.464	101.4	102.1	0.6	-0.1	0.0	0.4	0.7
Nonagricultural commodities		90.560	117.3	118.2	-2.8	0.0	1.7	0.9	0.8
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.737	178.7	175.0	-3.0	-0.5	1.2	1.6	-2.1
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.225	178.1	174.0	-2.6	-0.4	1.8	1.7	-2.3
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.512	192.5	195.1	-9.3	-1.3	-8.0	-0.8	1.4
Industrial supplies & materials	1	30.785	137.8	140.8	-8.1	0.3	5.8	2.1	2.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.047	172.2	179.6	7.5	0.4	1.1	1.4	4.3
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		19.738	123.7	124.9	-15.1	0.4	8.6	2.6	1.0
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.187	161.6	159.6	-4.9	0.0	-0.1	0.5	-1.2
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		29.598	137.1	140.3	-8.2	0.3	6.1	2.2	2.3
Fuels & lubricants	11	8.799	128.6	130.0	-26.3	1.5	23.7	4.8	1.1
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.842	156.6	161.2	2.3	0.0	0.1	1.2	2.9
Selected building materials	13	0.957	118.4	119.3	0.1	-0.2	0.5	0.4	0.8
Capital goods	2	37.774	111.6	111.7	0.8	-0.1	-0.1	0.3	0.1
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.912	120.1	120.0	2.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	24.542	95.1	95.2	0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.319	184.7	184.8	1.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.4	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.070	113.9	113.9	-0.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.634	109.4	109.7	-0.9	-0.3	0.0	0.2	0.3
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.123	107.9	108.1	-0.2	-0.3	0.2	0.6	0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	5.094	107.2	107.5	-0.3	-0.1	-0.5	0.1	0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.417	92.6	93.0	-6.1	-	0.1	-0.2	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2019 to August 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jul. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2020	Aug. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2019 to Aug. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		7.272	89.1	91.3	-17.8	12.4	19.2	13.1	2.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.917	176.9	178.6	2.2	6.1	-0.5	-0.8	1.0
Crop production	111	1.591	191.3	192.7	3.5	8.3	-0.6	-1.1	0.7
Mining	21	5.355	78.1	80.4	-23.1	16.4	30.4	19.1	2.9
Oil and gas extraction	211	5.094	76.8	79.2	-23.9	18.1	32.6	20.2	3.1
Manufacturing		92.423	110.2	111.0	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.5	0.7
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.538	125.1	125.3	0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.2	0.2
Food manufacturing	311	3.526	152.1	153.0	-0.8	0.4	0.3	-0.9	0.6
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.190	128.4	129.7	2.9	-0.7	0.0	0.1	1.0
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.388	101.9	101.8	1.8	0.2	-0.1	3.5	-0.1
Textile product mills	314	0.948	106.5	106.2	-1.9	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	-0.3
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.813	112.9	112.9	0.4	0.0	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.672	124.2	123.6	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.5
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.062	120.6	122.4	-2.5	0.6	1.1	1.6	1.5
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	0.927	114.3	136.9	-	1.7	5.5	9.2	19.8
Paper manufacturing	322	1.004	106.8	106.9	-3.7	0.0	2.1	-0.9	0.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.094	76.6	78.9	-21.6	9.1	6.0	7.7	3.0
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.295	136.1	136.1	-1.8	-0.7	0.2	0.4	0.0
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.452	120.5	121.1	1.9	-0.1	0.3	1.4	0.5
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.095	130.8	130.7	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	62.824	103.8	104.4	0.9	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.6
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.180	158.8	170.3	9.6	-0.5	2.4	2.4	7.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.281	126.3	126.7	0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.2	0.3
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.907	119.8	119.9	0.8	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.415	72.1	72.1	-0.1	0.1	0.3	-0.1	0.0
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.604	117.9	117.9	0.3	-0.1	0.2	-0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.007	109.6	109.8	0.7	-0.1	0.1	-0.2	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.922	114.8	114.9	-1.3	-0.2	-0.4	0.2	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.507	118.3	119.4	0.8	0.0	0.3	0.6	0.9
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2019 to August 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jul. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2020	Aug. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2019 to Aug. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		8.907	109.5	110.0	-13.5	1.5	12.2	3.3	0.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.555	143.6	140.1	-4.6	-1.1	0.4	2.5	-2.4
Crop production	111	4.234	151.3	147.0	-4.0	-1.2	1.4	2.6	-2.8
Mining	21	4.352	60.9	63.0	-21.5	5.3	28.0	4.1	3.4
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.124	88.6	92.1	-18.4	-2.9	-2.0	-1.3	4.0
Manufacturing		89.784	114.1	114.6	-1.8	-0.2	0.8	0.6	0.4
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.881	139.7	138.2	-2.1	0.2	0.9	0.3	-1.1
Food manufacturing	311	4.717	157.6	155.3	-2.6	0.2	1.2	0.8	-1.5
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.668	124.3	123.2	0.2	1.1	1.0	-0.9	-0.9
Manufacturing, part 2	32	23.057	103.1	103.5	-9.3	-0.9	2.9	1.6	0.4
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.484	96.4	97.2	0.9	-0.5	0.5	0.2	0.8
Paper manufacturing	322	1.531	118.0	117.6	-3.9	-0.3	0.5	-0.5	-0.3
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	4.344	74.6	74.8	-30.4	-3.1	19.7	4.9	0.3
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.254	114.2	114.9	-3.0	-0.6	-0.4	1.2	0.6
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.382	117.3	117.4	0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.856	118.2	118.1	0.3	-0.3	0.3	0.3	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.846	116.3	117.1	1.6	-0.1	0.1	0.3	0.7
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.580	166.2	179.9	18.8	0.9	1.7	2.0	8.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.158	150.0	150.3	1.4	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	10.072	130.2	130.3	0.2	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	14.222	82.6	82.7	1.0	-0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.897	118.1	118.0	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	18.091	129.5	129.5	0.4	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.411	124.7	124.7	1.8	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.415	117.7	118.1	-2.3	-0.3	-0.2	0.0	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2019 to August 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Jul. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2020	Aug. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2019 to Aug. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.332	187.9	189.4	-3.6	0.4	1.4	-2.4	0.8
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.381	264.4	271.3	2.8	8.4	6.9	-9.2	2.6
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.688	129.7	128.7	-8.3	-3.7	-2.1	0.7	-0.8
Vegetable products	II	1.957	211.2	212.9	3.3	7.0	-0.3	-1.1	0.8
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.469	488.7	495.3	-0.3	15.0	-2.4	1.2	1.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.642	107.5	107.4	-6.1	6.6	-1.4	-5.9	-0.1
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.350	220.3	220.6	15.4	1.1	-0.7	3.7	0.1
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.250	86.2	89.0	4.6	1.3	-0.8	1.3	3.2
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.034	168.0	168.7	1.1	-0.7	0.0	-0.1	0.4
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.205	99.2	99.3	2.8	0.4	0.8	-2.6	0.1
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.369	168.4	168.4	-2.2	-1.1	0.1	-0.4	0.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.142	139.6	139.7	2.5	-0.8	0.4	0.1	0.1
Mineral products	V	7.547	158.6	163.5	-21.0	12.9	20.0	14.3	3.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	7.195	154.3	159.2	-22.0	14.0	21.3	15.1	3.2
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.660	154.2	154.3	-1.5	-0.5	-0.1	0.4	0.1
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.458	267.1	266.4	-4.4	-2.1	-0.3	-0.7	-0.3
Organic chemicals	29	2.105	121.1	121.5	-4.0	-1.0	-0.6	0.9	0.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.036	155.2	155.1	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.5	-0.1
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.633	103.0	103.1	-0.5	-0.3	-0.3	0.4	0.1
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.596	100.1	100.2	-2.8	0.3	0.1	-0.5	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.762	141.5	143.1	2.2	-0.8	1.3	2.4	1.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.496	142.1	143.3	0.4	-1.0	1.3	1.7	0.8
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.265	142.3	144.9	6.2	-0.4	1.3	3.6	1.8
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.629	124.3	124.2	0.1	-0.2	0.2	-0.6	-0.1
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.603	131.2	131.1	0.3	-0.2	0.2	-0.5	-0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.956	166.1	199.3	39.7	1.6	5.7	9.1	20.0
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	0.931	115.0	138.6	-	1.6	5.8	9.4	20.5
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.032	111.9	111.2	-5.2	0.2	1.7	-0.8	-0.6
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.711	105.6	104.8	-4.6	0.1	0.5	-0.7	-0.8
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.945	114.5	114.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	2.000	105.0	105.0	-0.3	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.662	122.5	122.5	1.4	0.0	0.4	0.1	0.0
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.641	100.1	100.1	-1.9	-0.3	-0.4	-0.2	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.409	124.7	123.9	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	-0.6
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.179	123.1	122.2	0.6	0.0	-0.1	0.3	-0.7
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.983	131.7	131.7	-0.5	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.030	202.4	220.5	18.9	-0.3	2.9	1.2	8.9
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.493	166.2	168.8	-2.5	-0.1	0.7	1.2	1.6
Iron and steel	72	1.059	186.8	190.5	-11.2	-3.8	0.3	-0.4	2.0
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.709	146.4	146.3	-2.0	-0.2	0.2	0.3	-0.1
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.449	282.9	291.9	9.4	8.9	3.9	6.0	3.2
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.905	124.9	129.2	0.8	-1.0	0.9	3.8	3.4
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.471	123.1	123.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.540	133.8	133.1	-2.1	-0.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.5
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	31.157	79.2	79.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.874	85.1	85.2	-0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.283	73.6	73.6	0.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.071	114.2	114.3	0.9	-0.1	0.0	-0.3	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.932	113.4	113.5	1.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.3	0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.162	102.0	102.1	0.5	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.1
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.887	98.2	98.3	0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.516	110.9	110.8	-0.9	0.0	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.842	116.6	116.4	-1.2	0.0	-0.2	0.0	-0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.401	101.6	101.6	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.274	126.8	126.8	-1.5	0.0	0.0	-0.3	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2019 to August 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Jul. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2020	Aug. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2019 to Aug. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.985	210.9	206.5	-5.1	0.5	1.7	1.0	-2.1
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.170	161.8	161.2	-6.1	5.5	0.2	-1.9	-0.4
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.311	102.4	104.0	-12.4	-2.3	-9.8	-1.2	1.6
Vegetable products	II	4.245	189.4	183.3	-3.8	-1.6	1.7	2.6	-3.2
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.870	120.8	120.9	-10.6	0.0	-3.8	-1.7	0.1
Cereals	10	1.375	186.4	176.5	-9.2	-4.3	2.6	2.2	-5.3
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.493	192.5	192.9	4.7	-1.9	1.0	4.1	0.2
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.127	153.7	150.4	-2.4	0.9	0.4	1.7	-2.1
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100)	20	0.329	95.9	95.3	-	-0.8	-0.6	-0.8	-0.6
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.599	98.9	99.2	0.4	-0.6	-0.6	0.9	0.3
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.604	112.3	103.1	-7.0	7.1	4.8	6.3	-8.2
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.719	212.0	209.1	-2.8	0.0	-1.4	-0.1	-1.4
Mineral products	V	8.698	154.2	157.5	-25.9	0.9	23.6	4.5	2.1
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.383	88.7	99.7	1.4	-3.0	2.0	4.7	12.4
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.114	145.5	148.1	-27.3	1.2	25.8	4.6	1.8
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.025	134.9	135.0	-2.6	-0.7	-0.1	0.6	0.1
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.721	138.0	138.0	-7.9	1.7	-0.1	-1.4	0.0
Organic chemicals	29	2.389	130.2	131.7	-7.1	-2.5	-1.5	0.9	1.2
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.239	107.6	108.0	0.1	-0.4	0.6	1.0	0.4
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.554	105.9	100.6	-5.9	-0.2	0.1	2.1	-5.0
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.886	127.9	128.2	-1.8	0.0	-0.2	0.2	0.2
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.508	126.0	125.9	1.0	-0.4	0.2	0.6	-0.1
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.063	156.9	157.1	1.0	-0.3	0.0	0.3	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.098	136.8	139.1	-2.8	-0.9	-1.3	0.5	1.7
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.191	133.1	135.7	-3.1	-1.1	-1.6	0.5	2.0
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.907	152.1	152.6	-0.7	-0.1	0.3	0.5	0.3
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.596	95.6	96.4	0.9	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.8
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.850	122.5	122.8	0.3	1.3	0.3	-0.2	0.2
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.515	119.4	120.7	-	6.3	0.6	0.2	1.1
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.042	121.9	121.7	-2.6	-0.4	0.2	-0.9	-0.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.698	117.3	117.3	-0.1	0.8	0.2	0.6	0.0
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.453	110.3	110.0	1.2	3.3	1.2	3.2	-0.3
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.829	126.9	126.9	-0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.5	0.0
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.481	99.7	99.7	-	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	5.026	280.1	301.0	16.3	1.0	1.2	1.3	7.5
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.649	153.7	155.6	-1.1	-0.1	0.6	1.7	1.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.526	180.7	188.3	9.0	2.1	6.6	9.1	4.2
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.674	94.2	97.9	-3.7	-2.9	-0.5	3.4	3.9
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.352	156.0	155.9	1.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.305	98.1	98.2	0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	17.435	115.9	115.9	-0.2	-0.1	-0.4	0.3	0.0
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.870	79.1	79.1	1.3	0.0	0.4	0.1	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.724	137.6	137.7	0.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.230	116.0	116.0	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	6.206	110.5	110.7	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.392	114.1	114.3	1.3	-0.3	0.3	0.0	0.2
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.774	132.8	132.8	1.7	-0.1	0.2	-0.1	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.457	89.3	89.6	1.1	-0.7	0.6	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: August 2019 to August 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2020	Aug. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2019 to Aug. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	123.0	124.6	-1.4	0.5	4.0	1.2	1.3
Nonmanufacturing	9.065	144.4	148.2	-17.9	12.2	69.8	9.9	2.6
Manufacturing	90.433	120.6	122.0	0.7	-0.1	0.4	0.4	1.2
Canada	100.000	127.7	131.9	-4.6	1.9	13.8	3.7	3.3
Nonmanufacturing	26.951	141.3	145.2	-17.9	13.9	79.6	10.5	2.8
Manufacturing	72.214	127.1	131.5	1.4	-0.2	1.1	1.4	3.5
European Union	100.000	137.4	138.0	0.9	-0.1	0.4	0.7	0.4
Manufacturing	99.018	133.7	134.2	0.7	-0.2	0.5	0.8	0.4
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.4	128.8	0.8	-0.2	0.5	1.3	0.3
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	112.5	113.0	0.5	-0.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.4
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	119.7	120.3	-0.9	0.7	0.2	0.3	0.5
Latin America(3)	100.000	143.6	145.0	-1.2	1.8	1.6	1.3	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	12.788	213.9	216.4	-14.4	17.5	10.3	5.5	1.2
Manufacturing	86.922	120.4	121.5	1.1	0.2	0.5	0.8	0.9
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.2	128.4	0.9	1.5	0.9	0.3	0.9
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	6.821	113.6	116.3	-13.9	19.6	6.9	0.7	2.4
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	92.892	88.8	89.6	2.3	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.9
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	97.8	97.9	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.2	98.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.2	0.0
Japan	100.000	96.7	96.7	-0.2	-0.3	0.3	0.0	0.0
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	97.8	97.7	-1.1	-0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.1
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	86.2	85.7	-2.3	0.1	0.7	0.5	-0.6
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.2	97.4	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.2
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	149.9	153.3	-13.2	2.3	-5.1	18.8	2.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: August 2019 to August 2020 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2020	Aug. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2019 to Aug. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	101.1	101.9	-1.0	0.0	1.7	1.1	0.8
Nonmanufacturing	8.770	86.8	85.9	-17.1	1.9	19.1	3.2	-1.0
Manufacturing	89.893	102.9	103.8	0.7	-0.2	0.4	0.8	0.9
Canada	100.000	101.3	102.0	-1.9	0.1	1.6	1.3	0.7
European Union	100.000	102.5	102.7	-2.2	-0.2	1.7	1.0	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	7.891	80.4	77.1	-24.9	0.8	19.8	3.1	-4.1
Manufacturing	90.873	104.8	105.3	0.0	-0.3	0.3	0.8	0.5
Germany	100.000	106.2	107.5	3.1	0.9	0.1	1.0	1.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	95.4	95.4	-5.1	-0.3	2.4	1.7	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	7.419	99.5	98.9	-4.6	-0.7	5.4	5.5	-0.6
Manufacturing	92.043	95.0	95.0	-5.3	-0.2	2.2	1.3	0.0
Mexico	100.000	95.8	96.3	-3.9	1.4	0.6	1.1	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	5.814	94.5	95.7	-0.9	0.0	0.7	6.3	1.3
Manufacturing	93.549	95.8	96.2	-4.3	1.5	0.6	0.7	0.4
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	97.2	97.9	-2.3	-0.1	2.0	0.0	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	12.828	81.3	81.7	-17.5	1.4	11.5	0.9	0.5
Manufacturing	85.347	100.5	101.1	0.2	-0.4	0.6	-0.1	0.6
China	100.000	96.7	97.5	0.0	1.0	3.0	1.3	0.8
Nonmanufacturing	10.957	77.5	78.8	-15.9	3.5	30.6	5.4	1.7
Manufacturing	86.626	101.4	102.0	1.9	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.6
Japan	100.000	97.6	98.2	-2.1	-0.3	4.4	0.6	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	17.259	79.5	79.3	-20.9	0.8	22.2	3.9	-0.3
Manufacturing	81.066	101.7	102.3	2.4	0.0	1.2	0.0	0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: August 2019 to August 2020(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Jul. 2020	Aug. 2020	Annual	Monthly
			Aug. 2019 to Aug. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.6	100.1	0.5	-0.6	-2.1	-0.1	-0.5
Canada	104.2	101.6	2.8	-1.7	-10.6	-2.3	-2.5
European Union	100.4	100.2	-3.0	-0.1	1.3	0.3	-0.2
Germany	108.7	109.5	2.5	1.5	0.2	1.2	0.7
Latin America(3)	98.9	98.0	-3.9	-2.2	0.8	0.3	-0.9
Mexico	97.2	96.8	-4.6	0.0	-0.3	0.8	-0.4
Pacific Rim(4)	97.8	98.4	-2.2	-0.1	1.9	-0.1	0.6
China	98.6	99.4	0.3	1.1	3.0	1.1	0.8
Japan	96.4	97.0	-1.9	0.0	4.1	0.6	0.6
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: August 2019 to August 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2020	Aug. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2019 to Aug. 2020	Apr. 2020 to May 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	265.8	270.7	55.8	26.2	-3.1	-14.0	1.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.107	220.6	224.2	53.9	-1.6	0.3	2.4	1.6
Asia	63.198	266.2	272.1	68.8	43.7	-4.6	-21.3	2.2
Export Air Freight	100.000	168.0	169.9	3.3	0.7	2.2	-0.1	1.1
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	30.955	152.8	153.1	1.0	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	216.4	219.5	36.3	18.7	-2.5	-9.9	1.4
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.656	169.6	170.8	29.4	-1.0	1.5	1.9	0.7
Asia	61.268	213.7	218.0	47.4	31.4	-4.3	-15.7	2.0
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	150.6	150.4	2.7	0.6	-5.4	0.5	-0.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	35.398	176.5	176.7	14.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Asia	43.953	137.0	135.3	-4.0	1.1	-11.9	1.6	-1.2
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	139.8	140.0	-8.9	-0.1	7.0	-4.0	0.1
Europe	37.931	135.1	131.9	-18.6	1.5	10.9	-10.7	-2.4
Asia	30.227	145.8	158.8	26.1	-2.9	15.7	3.4	8.9
Latin America/Caribbean	7.949	122.2	110.6	-31.0	-13.3	-2.1	-0.6	-9.5
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	141.0	145.4	-5.8	-0.5	6.4	5.5	3.1
Europe	27.341	166.4	154.0	-16.3	-3.8	12.7	6.9	-7.5
Asia	28.063	137.0	161.0	10.6	10.4	5.6	4.3	17.5
Latin America/Caribbean	25.726	147.4	141.9	-13.8	-5.8	2.0	3.1	-3.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
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