Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until					USDL-21-1646
8:30 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, September 15, 2021

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Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                            U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - AUGUST 2021

U.S. import prices declined 0.3 percent in August following increases of 0.4 percent in July and 1.1 percent 
in June, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The August downturn was led by lower fuel and 
nonfuel prices. In contrast, prices for U.S. exports advanced 0.4 percent in August, after increasing 1.1 
percent in July. 
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                               Error in the Export Air Freight Price Indexes
                               
BLS discovered an error affecting the export price indexes for air freight, air freight-Europe, and air 
freight-Asia for January to June 2021. The items for foreign-to-foreign destinations were mistakenly excluded 
from the calculation of the indexes. Corrected values appear in this release. More information is available at 
www.bls.gov/errata/home.htm?errataID=87723.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports decreased 0.3 percent in August, the first monthly decline for the index 
since a 0.1-percent drop in October 2020. Import prices advanced 9.0 percent over the past year, the 
smallest 12-month increase since March 2021. Higher fuel and nonfuel prices contributed to the overall 
advance in import prices from August 2020 to August 2021. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices declined 2.3 percent in August following a 3.0-percent increase in July. 
The August drop was the first monthly decrease since the index fell 1.0 percent in October 2020. The 
August downturn was mostly driven by lower petroleum prices. Prices for import petroleum declined 2.4 
percent in August, after advancing 2.3 percent the previous month. The price index for natural gas also fell 
in August, decreasing 0.8 percent following a 16.6-percent increase in July. Despite the declines in August, 
prices for import fuel rose 56.5 percent over the past year. Petroleum prices increased 55.9 percent and 
prices for natural gas advanced 93.2 percent from August 2020 to August 2021.   

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports fell 0.1 percent in August, after ticking up 0.1 
percent the previous month. The August drop was the first monthly decline since the index fell 0.2 percent 
in November 2020. In August, a drop in the price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials more 
than offset higher prices for automotive vehicles; foods, feeds, and beverages; capital goods; and consumer 
goods. Nonfuel import prices increased 5.6 percent for the year ended in August.      

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages advanced 0.6 percent for the second 
consecutive month. In August, the rise was led by higher prices for fruit and coffee.       

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices decreased 1.3 
percent in August, after declining 1.2 percent in July. The August drop was primarily driven by lower 
selected building materials prices which more than offset higher chemicals prices.         

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods categories advanced in August. Capital goods 
prices ticked up 0.1 percent, led by higher prices for computers, peripherals, and semiconductors, and oil 
drilling, mining, and construction machinery. Prices for automotive vehicles rose 0.3 percent in August and 
consumer goods prices advanced 0.1 percent.     

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2020
August	0.9	3.7	0.7	0.5	-2.2	0.9
September	0.2	-4.7	0.5	0.6	2.8	0.3
October	-0.1	-1.0	0.0	0.2	3.5	-0.2
November	0.1	4.4	-0.2	0.8	3.5	0.5
December	1.0	7.3	0.4	1.2	1.0	1.3
2021
January	1.5	9.0	0.9	2.7	6.0	2.3
February	1.2	10.9	0.4	1.6	2.7	1.5
March	1.5	8.0	0.9	2.5	2.4	2.5
April	0.9	1.9	0.8	1.2	0.7	1.2
May	1.3	5.2	0.9	2.3	6.1	1.8
June	1.1	(r)5.1	0.7	1.2	(r)1.4	1.1
July	(r)0.4	(r)3.0	(r)0.1	(r)1.1	-1.7	(r)1.4
August	-0.3	-2.3	-0.1	0.4	1.1	0.2
Aug. 2019 to 2020	-1.4	-22.3	0.8	-2.7	-2.9	-2.6
Aug. 2020 to 2021	9.0	56.5	5.6	16.8	33.4	14.9
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices advanced 0.4 percent in August following increases of 1.1 percent in July and 1.2 percent 
in June. The August rise was the smallest 1-month advance since October 2020. Higher prices for both 
agricultural and nonagricultural exports contributed to the August increase. Prices for U.S. exports advanced 
16.8 percent for the year ended in August. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports rose 1.1 percent in August, after decreasing 1.7 
percent the previous month. In August, higher prices for nuts, wheat, meat, vegetables, and dairy products 
more than offset lower prices for corn, animal feeds, fruit, and soybeans. Agricultural export prices 
advanced 33.4 percent over the past year.                  

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports advanced 0.2 percent in 
August following a 1.4-percent increase the previous month. The August rise was the smallest 1-month 
advance since the index last recorded a monthly decline in October 2020. In August, higher prices for 
nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials, capital goods, automotive vehicles, and nonagricultural 
foods more than offset declining consumer goods prices. Nonagricultural export prices increased 14.9 
percent from August 2020 to August 2021.            

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
rose 0.6 percent in August, after a 3.0-percent increase in July. Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials exports have not recorded a monthly decline since October 2020.   

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories increased in August. The price 
index for export capital goods ticked up 0.1 percent in August following 0.4-percent advances in July and 
June. The August rise was driven by higher prices for industrial and service machinery, and oil drilling, 
mining, and construction machinery. Automotive vehicle prices rose 0.2 percent in August, after a 0.5-
percent increase the previous month. In contrast, prices for consumer goods fell 0.3 percent in August 
following a 0.2-percent drop in July. Lower prices for medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical materials led 
the decline each month.    

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China increased 0.4 percent in August following a 0.6-
percent advance in July. The index has not recorded a monthly decline since edging down 0.1 percent in 
October 2020. Higher prices for fabricated metal product manufacturing were the largest contributor to the 
August increase. Prices for imports from China rose 3.8 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-
the-year advance since a 4.0-percent increase in November 2011. The price index for imports from Japan 
rose 0.2 percent in August, after a 0.3-percent advance the previous month. Import prices from Japan have 
not declined on a monthly basis since edging down 0.1 percent in July 2020 and increased 2.5 percent over 
the past 12 months. Prices for imports from Mexico and the European Union also rose in August, advancing 
0.3 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively. In contrast, the price index for imports from Canada decreased 3.3 
percent in August, the largest 1-month drop since the index fell 11.8 percent in April 2020. Despite the 
decline, import prices from Canada increased 25.0 percent over the past year. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China continued to rise in August, increasing 0.2 
percent following a 0.3-percent advance in July. Export prices to China have not recorded a 1-month 
decrease since a 1.2-percent drop in September 2020. The price index for exports to China rose 12.1 percent 
for the year ended in August. Prices for exports to Japan were unchanged in August, after edging down 0.1 
percent the previous month. Export prices to Japan increased 13.7 percent over the past 12 months. The 
price index for exports to Mexico rose 0.6 percent in August and 27.8 percent over the past year. In contrast, 
prices for exports to the European Union and Canada declined in August. Export prices to the European 
Union fell 0.2 percent for the second consecutive month. Prices for exports to Canada decreased 0.3 percent, 
the first monthly drop since the index declined 3.0 percent in April 2020. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China declined 
0.2 percent in August, after decreasing 0.3 percent in July. In both months, higher import prices from China 
more than offset rising export prices to China. Despite the recent drops, the index for U.S. terms of trade 
with China rose 8.0 percent over the past year. U.S. terms of trade with Japan declined for the second 
consecutive month, falling 0.3 percent in August following a 0.4-percent drop in July. U.S. terms of trade 
with the European Union also decreased in August, falling 0.2 percent, after declining 1.1 percent in July. In 
contrast, the indexes for U.S. terms of trade with Canada and Mexico increased in August, rising 3.2 percent 
and 0.3 percent, respectively. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 6.0 percent in August, the largest monthly drop since the index 
fell 12.3 percent in April 2020. The August decrease was driven by a 10.9-percent decline in Asian fares 
and a 7.0-percent drop in European fares. Import air passenger fares increased 14.8 percent over the past 12 
months. Import air freight prices decreased for the second consecutive month in August, falling 1.1 percent, 
after declining 5.6 percent the previous month. Despite the recent drops, import air freight prices advanced 
19.3 percent for the year ended in August. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares rose 1.6 percent in August following advances of 8.2 
percent in July and 7.8 percent in June. In August, rising prices for Asian fares more than offset lower 
European and Latin American/Caribbean fares. Export air passenger fares increased 28.3 percent over the 
past year. Prices for export air freight advanced 1.1 percent in August, after falling 0.8 percent the previous 
month. Export air freight prices rose 0.5 percent over the past 12 months.   

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for September are scheduled for release on Friday, October 15, 2021 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2020 to August 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jul. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2021	Aug. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2020 to Aug. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021
All commodities		100.000	134.7	134.3	9.0	1.3	1.1	0.4	-0.3
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.670	105.3	105.1	5.2	1.1	0.5	0.1	-0.2
All imports excluding petroleum		90.873	119.8	119.7	5.9	1.0	0.6	0.3	-0.1
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		90.126	123.6	123.5	5.6	0.9	0.7	0.1	-0.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.455	194.5	195.6	9.9	-0.2	1.9	0.6	0.6
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.975	209.0	210.9	8.3	-0.8	1.7	0.1	0.9
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.480	163.4	162.3	15.8	1.7	2.6	2.6	-0.7
Industrial supplies & materials	1	25.784	236.5	232.5	34.6	5.0	2.8	0.4	-1.7
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		16.889	202.2	199.7	25.7	5.0	1.7	-0.6	-1.2
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		15.991	226.3	223.4	24.0	4.9	1.5	-1.2	-1.3
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.467	228.2	222.3	24.2	5.9	1.3	-3.0	-2.6
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		6.189	169.8	171.5	28.2	3.4	2.5	3.7	1.0
Fuels & lubricants	10	9.874	257.1	251.2	56.5	5.2	5.1	3.0	-2.3
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	9.127	274.3	267.7	55.9	5.1	5.1	2.3	-2.4
Crude petroleum	10000	6.085	289.2	276.5	61.3	4.5	6.2	2.2	-4.4
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.647	189.4	188.3	84.1	7.5	7.5	15.5	-0.6
Natural gas	10110	0.555	178.7	177.2	93.2	8.0	8.4	16.6	-0.8
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.512	126.0	128.3	17.5	2.6	3.3	3.4	1.8
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.930	185.0	187.2	24.3	3.0	1.9	2.2	1.2
Selected building materials	13	2.128	223.5	184.8	9.5	14.1	2.3	-14.9	-17.3
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.499	353.4	357.7	39.3	5.2	0.4	-0.9	1.2
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	2.100	197.8	201.4	25.6	2.2	2.8	3.5	1.8
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.741	119.6	120.0	6.2	1.7	0.6	1.2	0.3
Capital goods	2	27.020	89.9	90.0	1.9	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.303	122.5	122.7	1.2	-0.3	0.1	0.6	0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	21.216	81.7	81.8	2.0	0.1	0.4	0.5	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.501	138.8	138.8	2.4	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.167	112.6	112.9	2.0	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.3
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	25.574	108.0	108.1	1.0	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.903	124.1	124.4	-0.2	0.1	0.2	-0.2	0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	11.634	92.7	92.7	2.1	0.3	0.4	0.7	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.037	120.7	120.7	4.0	0.5	1.0	0.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2020 to August 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jul. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2021	Aug. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2020 to Aug. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021
All commodities		100.000	142.1	142.6	16.8	2.3	1.2	1.1	0.4
Agricultural commodities		10.308	226.1	228.5	33.4	6.1	1.4	-1.7	1.1
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		75.444	110.3	110.5	8.2	1.1	0.4	0.2	0.2
Nonagricultural commodities		89.692	135.8	136.1	14.9	1.8	1.1	1.4	0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.497	230.8	233.2	33.2	6.1	1.6	-1.9	1.0
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	9.034	231.5	233.8	34.3	6.5	1.8	-2.0	1.0
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.463	222.0	225.9	15.9	-0.9	-0.6	1.2	1.8
Industrial supplies & materials	1	38.395	196.2	197.5	39.7	4.4	1.9	2.9	0.7
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.946	210.6	211.4	17.6	2.1	1.2	0.2	0.4
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		27.450	188.5	189.9	51.2	5.4	2.3	4.1	0.7
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.249	200.4	203.0	27.8	3.6	-1.6	1.0	1.3
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		37.147	196.2	197.4	40.1	4.5	2.0	3.0	0.6
Fuels & lubricants	11	15.059	224.8	226.8	72.2	6.7	4.8	8.3	0.9
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	21.146	199.8	200.7	24.4	3.2	0.4	-0.3	0.5
Selected building materials	13	0.942	152.8	153.0	27.3	1.0	0.9	1.2	0.1
Capital goods	2	31.960	113.9	114.0	2.2	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.1
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.301	122.6	122.7	2.2	0.1	1.6	0.0	0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	20.958	96.7	96.7	1.7	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	7.702	190.8	191.1	3.3	0.0	0.1	0.6	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	8.938	115.8	116.0	1.8	-0.3	0.1	0.5	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	11.210	112.5	112.2	2.3	0.7	0.9	-0.2	-0.3
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.597	109.4	109.1	0.7	0.4	0.5	-0.7	-0.3
Durables, manufactured	41	4.388	109.6	109.6	2.0	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.225	103.6	102.3	10.1	3.6	4.3	0.2	-1.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2020 to August 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jul. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2021	Aug. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2020 to Aug. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		8.749	134.9	132.4	45.5	2.6	4.7	3.0	-1.9
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.920	187.5	195.1	8.3	-2.7	0.2	0.4	4.1
Crop production	111	1.533	195.4	205.2	5.3	-3.2	-0.1	-0.5	5.0
Mining	21	6.829	133.1	128.3	60.8	4.2	6.2	3.7	-3.6
Oil and gas extraction	211	6.545	132.7	127.3	62.2	4.4	6.5	3.4	-4.1
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2020=100)	212	0.284	124.6	132.8	-	1.2	0.4	10.3	6.6
Manufacturing		90.864	118.3	118.1	6.4	1.2	0.8	0.1	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.306	132.6	132.3	5.6	0.7	1.2	0.8	-0.2
Food manufacturing	311	3.801	175.0	173.5	13.5	1.8	3.0	0.9	-0.9
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.163	132.8	132.6	2.2	0.0	0.5	0.1	-0.2
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.349	106.8	106.6	4.7	0.9	0.0	2.6	-0.2
Textile product mills	314	0.923	110.4	110.9	4.4	0.6	0.9	0.5	0.5
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.518	113.5	113.8	0.8	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.3
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.552	127.0	127.1	2.4	0.3	0.4	1.5	0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	19.614	139.6	137.7	12.4	3.6	1.3	-1.3	-1.4
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.492	206.6	149.2	11.0	20.9	3.1	-20.6	-27.8
Paper manufacturing	322	0.969	117.5	119.3	10.9	1.8	2.2	2.2	1.5
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.788	112.0	113.7	42.1	6.9	2.6	2.2	1.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.839	148.7	149.6	9.8	1.8	0.9	0.1	0.6
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.366	124.7	126.0	3.9	-0.2	0.2	1.0	1.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.979	134.6	134.3	2.9	0.7	0.4	0.7	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.944	109.0	109.3	4.8	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.3
Primary metal manufacturing	331	5.071	231.2	233.1	37.0	5.3	0.8	-0.6	0.8
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.297	139.9	142.5	12.8	1.1	1.6	1.8	1.9
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.549	122.8	123.0	2.8	0.1	0.5	0.5	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	15.735	72.8	72.9	1.4	0.1	0.3	0.6	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.045	119.7	120.2	2.0	0.1	0.3	0.8	0.4
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.434	112.1	112.2	2.1	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.693	118.4	118.6	3.2	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.120	120.6	120.5	1.0	0.2	0.5	0.1	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2020 to August 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jul. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2021	Aug. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2020 to Aug. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		14.180	176.8	180.2	62.3	8.0	2.3	5.3	1.9
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.377	199.2	202.7	45.1	9.9	-2.2	-2.6	1.8
Crop production	111	5.013	209.6	213.4	45.6	10.7	-2.4	-2.9	1.8
Mining	21	8.803	109.4	111.5	73.4	6.5	5.8	10.8	1.9
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.148	115.5	116.9	27.8	3.1	1.9	5.7	1.2
Manufacturing		83.878	126.7	126.8	10.5	1.5	0.9	0.3	0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.782	162.7	163.7	18.1	1.7	3.4	0.3	0.6
Food manufacturing	311	4.859	189.5	191.2	22.9	2.1	4.7	0.2	0.9
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.582	138.0	137.2	11.4	0.1	-0.6	-1.1	-0.6
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.122	131.0	130.7	25.9	3.6	0.8	0.2	-0.2
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.534	133.6	134.3	37.2	2.0	1.6	1.3	0.5
Paper manufacturing	322	1.491	137.1	136.7	16.1	2.5	1.6	1.5	-0.3
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.182	125.3	123.6	64.4	7.3	3.3	2.3	-1.4
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.982	138.0	138.3	19.9	3.0	-0.3	-1.1	0.2
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.039	121.2	121.4	3.5	0.4	1.1	1.3	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.725	123.5	123.2	4.9	-0.2	0.7	-0.1	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	51.973	121.1	121.3	3.6	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.335	211.6	212.9	18.3	3.6	1.3	0.3	0.6
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.702	156.6	158.0	5.1	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.9
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.420	133.7	134.1	3.0	0.6	-0.1	0.6	0.3
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.310	83.1	83.0	0.6	0.2	0.9	0.5	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.343	119.9	119.9	1.4	0.0	0.6	0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	15.679	132.7	132.9	2.5	-0.2	0.1	0.5	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.356	132.1	132.1	5.9	0.6	0.8	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.827	124.3	123.7	4.9	1.3	1.5	0.2	-0.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2020 to August 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Jul. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2021	Aug. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2020 to Aug. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	1.525	232.8	226.6	19.8	2.4	5.6	1.6	-2.7
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.470	365.1	337.8	25.1	5.3	10.8	-0.8	-7.5
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.777	158.1	155.6	20.9	2.4	3.9	2.7	-1.6
Vegetable products	II	1.903	215.7	225.0	4.7	-3.3	-0.3	-0.5	4.3
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.341	401.7	398.6	-22.5	-7.3	-1.4	4.8	-0.8
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.676	109.5	119.5	11.3	-10.9	0.2	-4.0	9.1
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.384	248.1	260.1	17.4	6.1	3.4	0.5	4.8
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.422	149.1	144.9	62.8	6.3	5.5	4.8	-2.8
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.993	175.9	176.7	4.7	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.5
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.195	96.5	97.3	-1.7	0.3	-0.6	-1.2	0.8
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.340	175.3	176.1	4.6	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.5
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.128	145.5	145.3	3.9	0.0	0.3	0.1	-0.1
Mineral products	V	10.034	260.6	255.2	56.2	4.8	5.4	3.6	-2.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.626	255.5	249.3	56.7	4.8	5.4	3.4	-2.4
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.112	166.4	167.3	8.4	1.4	0.5	0.0	0.5
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.690	415.2	429.6	60.9	4.2	1.3	7.7	3.5
Organic chemicals	29	2.349	139.4	140.4	15.3	3.6	-0.1	-0.6	0.7
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.981	150.6	150.8	-2.8	0.1	0.1	-1.3	0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2020=100)	31	0.432	170.8	173.2	-	3.1	10.0	5.0	1.4
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.620	113.1	113.1	12.2	1.5	0.9	1.4	0.0
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.715	154.0	155.9	8.9	1.5	0.1	0.7	1.2
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.507	158.6	159.9	11.3	2.3	0.7	1.1	0.8
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.207	147.6	150.7	4.4	-0.2	-0.9	-0.1	2.1
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.532	137.3	137.4	4.7	0.6	0.3	3.0	0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.560	304.6	219.7	12.7	20.3	3.5	-19.3	-27.9
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.537	213.9	153.4	13.2	20.8	3.6	-19.8	-28.3
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.981	121.5	124.8	11.5	2.1	2.0	1.7	2.7
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.627	108.0	111.5	6.3	0.6	0.7	0.7	3.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.612	116.3	116.6	1.8	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.3
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.839	105.0	105.6	0.7	0.3	-0.4	-0.1	0.6
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.535	123.3	123.1	0.5	-0.2	0.4	0.7	-0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.643	104.4	105.0	4.8	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.6
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.323	125.8	126.0	1.2	0.2	0.5	0.8	0.2
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.106	123.9	124.0	0.9	0.2	0.5	0.6	0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.863	132.5	131.6	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.4	-0.7
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.313	100.3	98.2	-	0.5	0.0	0.8	-2.1
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.942	238.8	239.0	8.4	2.8	-1.7	-4.0	0.1
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.239	218.8	221.8	31.5	3.0	2.9	2.6	1.4
Iron and steel	72	1.268	296.5	294.1	54.3	4.7	6.4	5.0	-0.8
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.821	178.0	181.0	24.1	2.3	3.5	4.0	1.7
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.566	420.9	428.7	45.6	7.7	-0.2	-2.6	1.9
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.151	178.6	182.6	41.3	4.0	3.4	2.3	2.2
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.413	125.2	125.6	2.3	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.3
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.515	140.9	142.8	7.4	0.9	0.4	0.6	1.3
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.602	80.5	80.7	2.0	0.1	0.3	0.6	0.2
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.791	86.8	87.0	2.2	0.1	0.5	0.7	0.2
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	13.810	74.6	74.7	1.9	0.0	0.1	0.5	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.534	116.6	116.7	1.9	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.370	115.9	116.0	2.0	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	1.070	100.8	100.8	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.007	102.5	102.4	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.737	98.5	98.5	0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.007	112.7	112.8	1.7	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.483	119.6	119.7	2.7	0.4	0.6	0.2	0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.267	101.3	101.5	-0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.1	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.258	129.0	129.0	1.7	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2020 to August 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Jul. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2021	Aug. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2020 to Aug. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	2.098	261.2	270.7	31.0	1.2	5.9	0.9	3.6
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.336	218.3	226.5	40.2	1.7	9.7	-1.1	3.8
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.281	119.7	123.1	19.1	-1.2	-0.7	1.0	2.8
Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2020=100)	04	0.348	111.4	116.5	-	1.1	-1.5	8.8	4.6
Vegetable products	II	4.912	260.3	263.3	43.7	10.5	-2.1	-3.3	1.2
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.889	140.1	146.0	21.2	-1.3	0.1	-0.4	4.2
Cereals	10	1.505	294.4	294.9	67.1	23.0	-5.5	-0.6	0.2
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.080	280.8	278.8	44.5	9.9	-1.0	-7.7	-0.7
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.928	174.0	171.3	13.7	1.6	1.7	-0.3	-1.6
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.574	103.8	104.3	5.1	1.1	0.6	0.6	0.5
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.473	110.5	110.3	7.0	0.0	0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.835	303.4	291.6	39.3	3.8	2.7	-4.4	-3.9
Mineral products	V	14.943	269.6	271.6	70.2	6.9	4.7	7.2	0.7
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.552	126.9	128.7	31.6	6.1	-1.0	0.1	1.4
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	14.241	259.0	260.9	73.6	7.0	5.0	7.6	0.7
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.928	151.7	153.6	13.0	3.0	-0.1	-0.9	1.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.630	142.0	142.1	3.0	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.678	171.0	179.8	33.8	0.5	-2.1	-2.1	5.1
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.113	108.7	108.2	-0.3	0.2	0.2	-1.5	-0.5
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.820	135.2	135.2	5.5	0.5	2.2	0.1	0.0
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.409	127.1	127.5	1.3	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.3
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.128	188.3	187.3	19.4	13.1	0.6	-0.7	-0.5
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.548	175.4	174.5	25.6	0.8	0.1	-0.5	-0.5
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.760	177.6	176.4	30.3	1.0	-0.2	-0.7	-0.7
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.788	157.7	158.1	3.6	0.3	1.5	0.7	0.3
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.633	129.0	129.4	33.7	2.1	1.7	1.3	0.3
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.893	146.4	147.0	19.8	1.9	2.2	3.1	0.4
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.750	179.6	182.3	51.5	5.5	4.3	6.3	1.5
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.907	131.5	131.0	7.6	-0.2	0.8	1.5	-0.4
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.630	130.8	131.7	12.8	2.3	-0.2	1.9	0.7
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.543	141.6	145.1	34.2	5.3	-2.7	2.5	2.5
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.719	133.4	133.2	3.8	-0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.398	100.0	100.0	0.5	0.1	0.3	-0.1	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.476	326.8	323.6	7.5	3.2	1.7	-2.2	-1.0
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.961	199.9	201.0	29.2	1.9	1.6	1.5	0.6
Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)	72	1.258	152.5	153.7	-	2.3	4.1	6.3	0.8
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.643	271.9	277.1	46.9	8.1	2.0	-4.5	1.9
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.860	140.1	140.7	43.7	0.4	1.4	1.7	0.4
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	25.458	99.7	99.8	1.7	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.253	118.8	119.0	2.8	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.205	79.3	79.3	0.3	-0.3	0.8	0.5	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	11.528	141.0	141.4	2.7	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.3
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	7.472	118.7	118.9	2.5	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.498	111.8	111.6	1.0	0.4	0.3	0.4	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.181	118.4	119.5	5.1	0.6	0.6	0.1	0.9
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.657	138.4	138.4	4.1	0.0	0.4	0.1	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.375	90.9	94.0	7.1	0.3	1.1	0.0	3.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: August 2020 to August 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2021	Aug. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2020 to Aug. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	140.3	138.7	10.3	1.8	1.3	-0.4	-1.1
Nonmanufacturing	10.717	238.1	230.7	56.1	4.6	6.7	4.0	-3.1
Manufacturing	88.414	132.0	130.8	6.0	1.4	0.7	-0.8	-0.9
Canada	100.000	172.8	167.1	25.0	4.7	3.6	-1.1	-3.3
Nonmanufacturing	27.941	236.1	228.4	57.8	4.7	7.1	4.0	-3.3
Manufacturing	70.768	158.9	153.6	14.5	4.7	2.4	-3.0	-3.3
European Union	100.000	146.4	146.5	6.2	0.7	0.1	0.9	0.1
Manufacturing	98.817	142.1	142.2	6.0	0.8	0.1	0.8	0.1
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	135.8	136.0	5.6	0.4	0.4	1.0	0.1
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	118.1	118.2	4.3	0.3	-0.4	0.5	0.1
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	129.5	130.2	8.5	1.2	-0.9	-0.6	0.5
Latin America(3)	100.000	157.2	157.3	8.3	0.9	1.6	0.6	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	13.963	285.7	285.9	29.5	0.0	5.2	1.7	0.1
Manufacturing	85.773	128.0	128.2	5.6	1.0	1.1	0.4	0.2
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	132.7	133.1	3.6	-0.2	0.6	0.2	0.3
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	7.941	144.6	149.6	26.2	-6.1	-1.3	0.7	3.5
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.817	91.3	91.3	2.0	0.4	0.8	0.2	0.0
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	101.1	101.5	3.7	0.5	0.3	0.6	0.4
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	101.6	102.0	3.8	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.4
Japan	100.000	98.8	99.0	2.5	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	103.6	104.1	6.7	0.7	0.4	0.9	0.5
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	92.1	92.7	7.3	1.2	0.7	0.8	0.7
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	100.2	100.5	3.1	0.7	0.1	0.5	0.3
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	197.0	196.2	30.6	3.0	3.1	0.9	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: August 2020 to August 2021 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2021	Aug. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2020 to Aug. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	112.1	111.8	9.4	1.5	1.2	0.4	-0.3
Nonmanufacturing	12.345	130.4	129.1	46.5	5.5	3.4	2.5	-1.0
Manufacturing	86.048	109.9	109.8	5.7	0.9	0.9	0.2	-0.1
Canada	100.000	116.4	116.1	13.5	1.4	1.0	1.2	-0.3
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	9.932	134.4	132.7	-	5.6	1.3	3.4	-1.3
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	88.740	108.3	108.2	-	1.0	0.9	1.0	-0.1
European Union	100.000	111.5	111.3	8.0	1.0	1.2	-0.2	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	14.321	127.7	125.6	55.6	4.7	4.6	2.5	-1.6
Manufacturing	84.179	108.2	108.3	2.8	0.5	0.6	-0.6	0.1
Germany	100.000	106.8	107.2	-0.3	0.6	0.7	-2.8	0.4
Latin America(3)	100.000	120.2	120.8	26.9	5.3	1.2	0.7	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	10.397	165.8	172.1	77.6	10.7	0.1	6.6	3.8
Manufacturing	89.161	116.5	116.6	22.9	4.7	1.3	0.0	0.1
Mexico	100.000	121.9	122.6	27.8	7.7	0.7	0.2	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	8.655	155.7	167.1	83.4	16.0	-0.7	5.3	7.3
Manufacturing	91.003	119.7	119.6	24.5	6.9	0.9	-0.2	-0.1
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	112.6	112.2	14.3	1.7	1.1	2.1	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	18.845	129.4	127.0	52.3	7.2	2.1	6.8	-1.9
Manufacturing	78.188	108.1	108.1	6.8	0.4	0.8	1.1	0.0
China	100.000	109.4	109.6	12.1	1.7	0.8	0.3	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	15.475	116.0	114.3	40.8	9.5	2.5	-6.2	-1.5
Manufacturing	82.083	108.9	109.4	7.3	0.1	0.4	1.3	0.5
Japan	100.000	112.1	112.1	13.7	3.2	1.1	-0.1	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	24.349	132.1	127.8	57.2	11.4	2.2	-0.4	-3.3
Manufacturing	73.492	104.9	106.2	3.9	0.6	1.1	0.5	1.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: August 2020 to August 2021(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Jul. 2021	Aug. 2021	Annual	Monthly
			Aug. 2020 to Aug. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	97.8	98.7	-0.7	-0.3	-0.1	0.8	0.9
Canada	88.5	91.3	-9.2	-3.2	-2.6	2.3	3.2
European Union	102.5	102.3	1.7	0.4	1.0	-1.1	-0.2
Germany	104.1	104.4	-4.4	0.4	1.2	-3.3	0.3
Latin America(3)	113.9	114.3	17.1	4.3	-0.4	0.1	0.4
Mexico	118.5	118.8	23.4	7.8	0.2	0.1	0.3
Pacific Rim(4)	109.6	108.8	10.2	1.1	0.8	1.5	-0.7
China	107.8	107.6	8.0	1.3	0.4	-0.3	-0.2
Japan	108.4	108.1	10.9	3.1	1.0	-0.4	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: August 2020 to August 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2021	Aug. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2020 to Aug. 2021	Apr. 2021 to May 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	327.8	324.2	19.3	5.4	2.3	-5.6	-1.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	24.378	251.7	248.5	10.8	0.4	1.5	-0.6	-1.3
Asia	68.866	336.0	332.0	21.3	8.0	2.9	-7.9	-1.2
Export Air Freight	100.000	168.7	170.6	0.5	0.2	1.3	-0.8	1.1
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	29.217	146.6	146.0	-4.6	1.6	0.3	-0.1	-0.4
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	48.305	123.6	127.2	3.6	0.5	-0.5	0.6	2.9
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	248.8	245.7	11.6	6.1	2.9	-5.9	-1.2
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	24.166	175.4	173.5	1.6	0.5	1.1	-0.5	-1.1
Asia	69.497	255.2	251.7	15.0	9.1	3.9	-8.5	-1.4
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	147.5	153.9	2.3	-8.0	-4.9	3.9	4.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	32.539	164.5	164.4	-7.0	0.6	0.6	0.3	-0.1
Asia	45.106	133.7	146.9	8.6	-15.8	-11.1	7.7	9.9
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	171.0	160.7	14.8	5.0	9.6	0.9	-6.0
Europe	40.327	169.3	157.5	19.4	-0.4	11.9	3.8	-7.0
Asia	32.587	197.2	175.8	10.7	14.9	12.0	-4.5	-10.9
Latin America/Caribbean	7.342	140.2	124.7	12.7	4.4	15.2	4.9	-11.1
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	183.6	186.6	28.3	-1.8	7.8	8.2	1.6
Europe	28.264	216.2	202.2	31.3	1.6	4.2	11.0	-6.5
Asia	29.977	199.5	224.7	39.6	-3.2	8.6	11.1	12.6
Latin America/Caribbean	22.546	169.2	161.0	13.5	-4.3	14.6	6.3	-4.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
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