U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until					USDL-22-1837
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, September 15, 2022

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Media contact:         (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


			   U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - AUGUST 2022

Prices for U.S. imports declined 1.0 percent in August following a 1.5-percent decrease in July, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower fuel and nonfuel prices in August contributed to the 
decline in U.S. import prices. U.S. export prices fell 1.6 percent in August, after declining 3.7 percent the 
previous month.


Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports declined 1.0 percent in August and 1.5 percent in July, the first time import 
prices have decreased in consecutive months since February, March, and April 2020. Prices for U.S. imports 
advanced 7.8 percent for the year ended in August, the smallest 12-month increase since the index rose 7.1 
percent from March 2020 to March 2021. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices decreased 6.8 percent in August, after a 7.5-percent decline the previous 
month. The declines in August and July were the first consecutive 1-month drops since the index decreased 
in October and September 2020. Despite the recent declines, import fuel prices rose 48.5 percent from 
August 2021 to August 2022. Lower petroleum prices in August, down 7.1 percent, led the decrease in fuel 
prices. The decline followed a 6.9-percent drop in July and was the largest monthly decrease since 
petroleum prices fell 7.7 percent in December 2021. Natural gas prices also declined in August, decreasing 
2.8 percent, after falling 20.4 percent in July. The price indexes for petroleum and natural gas each 
increased over the past year, rising 48.1 percent and 66.5 percent, respectively.   

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports declined 0.2 percent in August following a 0.5-
percent decrease in July. Nonfuel import prices have not recorded a monthly advance since April 2022. 
Lower August prices for foods, feeds, and beverages; nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; and 
automotive vehicles more than offset higher consumer goods prices. Despite declining in each of the past 4 
months, nonfuel import prices rose 3.9 percent over the past 12 months.     

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for foods, feeds, and beverages fell 1.6 percent in August, 
after decreasing 2.2 percent from April to July. The August drop was the largest 1-month decrease since 
November 2020. The August decline was driven by lower prices for fruit, meat, and fish and shellfish.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
declined 0.2 percent in August, after decreasing 6.4 percent from April to July. The August drop was led by 
lower prices for unfinished metals and selected building materials which more than offset higher finished 
metal prices.   

Finished Goods: Prices were mixed for the major finished goods categories in August. Consumer goods 
prices ticked up 0.1 percent, the first 1-month advance since a 0.3-percent increase in March 2022. The 
August rise was led by higher furniture prices. In contrast, automotive vehicles prices declined 0.1 percent 
in August, the first monthly drop since the index fell 0.1 percent in November 2020. The August decrease 
was driven by lower parts prices. Prices for capital goods were unchanged in August, after ticking up 0.1 
percent in July. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2021
August	-0.2	-2.2	0.0	0.2	0.9	0.1
September	0.4	3.6	0.1	0.3	-1.5	0.5
October	1.5	11.1	0.5	1.9	1.1	2.0
November	0.7	2.5	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.6
December	-0.4	-7.7	0.5	-1.6	0.7	-1.9
2022
January	2.0	7.3	1.4	2.8	3.0	2.8
February	1.8	10.6	0.8	3.2	2.9	3.3
March	2.9	17.8	1.2	3.9	4.5	3.8
April	0.5	0.8	0.4	1.0	1.2	1.1
May	0.5	(r)6.1	-0.3	2.7	(r)2.4	(r)2.7
June	(r)0.2	(r)5.7	-0.6	(r)1.0	-0.1	(r)1.2
July	(r)-1.5	-7.5	-0.5	(r)-3.7	(r)-3.2	(r)-3.8
August	-1.0	-6.8	-0.2	-1.6	-0.4	-1.8
Aug. 2020 to 2021	9.0	56.1	5.6	16.6	33.2	14.8
Aug. 2021 to 2022	7.8	48.5	3.9	10.8	12.1	10.7
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices declined 1.6 percent in August, after decreasing 3.7 percent in July. The revised July drop 
was the largest decrease since the monthly percent change series was first published in January 1989. Lower 
agricultural and nonagricultural prices each contributed to the August decline. Despite the recent drops, 
prices for U.S. exports advanced 10.8 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports decreased 0.4 percent in August, after declining 3.2 
percent the previous month. Lower August prices for corn, fruit, meat, and wheat more than offset higher 
prices for soybeans and vegetables. Export agricultural prices advanced 12.1 percent over the past year, the 
smallest 12-month increase since January 2021. Higher soybeans prices were the largest contributor to the 
advance in agricultural prices over the past year.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports decreased 1.8 percent in 
August following a 3.8-percent drop in July. The August and July declines were the first monthly drops 
since the index fell 1.9 percent in December 2021. Lower August prices for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials and nonagricultural foods more than offset higher consumer goods prices. Prices for 
nonagricultural exports advanced 10.7 percent for the year ended in August.    

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials export 
prices fell 3.6 percent in August, after declining 7.9 percent the previous month. Both decreases were driven 
by lower fuel prices, down 5.6 percent in August and 13.4 percent in July.  

Finished Goods: Prices were mixed for the major finished goods categories in August. Consumer goods 
prices advanced 0.3 percent after remaining unchanged in July and June. The August increase was led by a 
2.9-percent rise in nonmanufactured consumer goods. Consumer goods prices advanced 4.0 percent from 
August 2021 to August 2022. The price indexes for capital goods and automotive vehicles were both 
unchanged in August following 0.6-percent advances the previous month.  

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China fell 0.2 percent in August, after being unchanged 
the previous month. Prices for imports from China have not recorded a monthly advance since the index 
ticked up 0.1 percent in April 2022. The price index for imports from China increased 2.1 percent over the 
past year. Import prices from Japan were unchanged in August following a 0.2-percent decline in July. 
Prices for imports from Japan advanced 1.2 percent for the year ended in August, the smallest 12-month 
increase since March 2021. The price index for imports from Canada fell 2.6 percent in August and import 
prices from Mexico declined 1.5 percent over the same period. Both indexes were driven by lower prices for 
nonmanufactured imports. Import prices from the European Union decreased 0.4 percent in August, the 
largest 1-month drop since the index fell 0.7 percent in April 2020. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China fell 1.7 percent in August, after decreasing 
4.4 percent in July. The July drop was the largest monthly decline since the 1-month percent change series 
was first published in January 2018. Export prices to China rose 7.5 percent over the past 12 months, the 
smallest over-the-year increase since February 2021. The price index for exports to Japan fell 2.9 percent for 
the second consecutive month in August. The August and July monthly declines were the largest since the 
index decreased 3.5 percent in April 2020. Despite the recent drops, prices for exports to Japan advanced 
9.5 percent for the year ended in August. Export prices to Canada and Mexico also fell in August, declining 
0.1 percent and 1.4 percent, respectively. The price index for exports to the European Union decreased 1.9 
percent in August following a 2.2-percent drop the previous month. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China declined 
1.5 percent in August following a 4.4-percent decrease in July. Lower export prices to China in August 
more than offset lower import prices from China. Despite the recent drops, U.S. terms of trade with China 
increased 5.5 percent over the past 12 months. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 2.8 percent 
in August, after declining 2.7 percent the previous month. The August decrease was the largest monthly 
decline since a 3.4-percent drop in April 2020. U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 8.1 percent over the past 
year, the smallest 12-month increase since February 2021. U.S. terms of trade with the European Union also 
fell in August, declining 1.4 percent. In contrast, the indexes for U.S. terms of trade with Canada and 
Mexico increased in August, rising 2.6 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares decreased 9.9 percent in August, after declining 0.2 percent the 
previous month. The August drop was the largest 1-month decrease since a 19.4-percent drop in January 
2022. Lower European, Asian, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all contributed to the August decline in 
import air passenger fares. Import air passenger fares rose 7.0 percent over the past year. Import air freight 
prices increased 4.0 percent in August following a 12.9-percent drop in July. The August advance was led 
by a 5.5-percent rise in air freight prices from Asia. The price index for import air freight declined 0.3 
percent for the year ended in August. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares fell 2.4 percent in August, after rising 8.3 percent in July. The August 
decline was the first monthly drop in export air passenger fares since an 11.2-percent decrease in February 
2022. Lower European and Latin American/Caribbean fares more than offset higher Asian fares. Despite the 
August decline, export air passenger fares rose 7.7 percent over the past year. Export air freight prices 
advanced 2.2 percent in August and 25.3 percent over the past year.

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for September 2022 are scheduled for release on Friday, 
October 14, 2022 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2021 to August 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jul. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2022	Aug. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2021 to Aug. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022	May 2022 to Jun. 2022	Jun. 2022 to Jul. 2022	Jul. 2022 to Aug. 2022
All commodities		100.000	146.3	144.8	7.8	0.5	0.2	-1.5	-1.0
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.477	109.3	109.2	3.8	-0.2	-0.6	-0.5	-0.1
All imports excluding petroleum		88.124	125.2	124.9	4.3	-0.1	-0.5	-0.7	-0.2
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		87.247	128.6	128.3	3.9	-0.3	-0.6	-0.5	-0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.770	208.0	204.6	4.6	-0.6	-0.7	-1.0	-1.6
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.414	227.1	223.3	5.8	-0.9	-0.1	-0.7	-1.7
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.355	164.1	161.9	-0.1	0.6	-2.9	-2.4	-1.3
Industrial supplies & materials	1	31.119	291.2	282.7	21.7	1.3	0.9	-4.6	-2.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		19.199	221.6	220.9	10.6	-0.7	-1.7	-3.4	-0.3
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		18.091	243.0	242.5	8.6	-1.6	-2.3	-2.6	-0.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		12.097	231.6	230.9	3.9	-2.4	-3.5	-4.1	-0.3
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		7.147	210.6	209.8	22.4	2.4	1.6	-2.2	-0.4
Fuels & lubricants	10	12.753	399.3	372.2	48.5	6.1	5.7	-7.5	-6.8
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	11.876	425.6	395.3	48.1	5.3	5.5	-6.9	-7.1
Crude petroleum	10000	7.910	424.3	393.2	43.6	2.9	5.9	-10.3	-7.3
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.763	309.7	301.1	59.6	19.1	10.4	-17.6	-2.8
Natural gas	10110	0.633	304.1	295.6	66.5	22.9	11.1	-20.4	-2.8
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.551	148.1	150.0	17.7	1.2	3.8	8.2	1.3
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	5.718	221.9	221.4	18.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Selected building materials	13	1.937	213.1	209.3	11.4	1.1	-6.7	-2.4	-1.8
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	5.237	354.5	351.4	-1.7	-3.9	-4.3	-7.2	-0.9
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	3.189	210.0	213.3	7.2	-3.5	-2.0	-2.4	1.6
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.734	129.5	129.1	7.9	0.7	0.7	0.4	-0.3
Capital goods	2	25.248	93.0	93.0	3.3	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.0
Electric generating equipment	20	3.177	129.4	129.6	6.0	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	20.490	84.3	84.2	2.9	0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.582	144.0	144.3	4.0	1.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	12.273	116.8	116.7	3.3	0.5	0.2	0.6	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	24.589	110.0	110.1	1.8	-0.1	-0.4	0.0	0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.441	124.6	124.7	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	11.430	95.5	95.6	2.8	-0.1	-0.4	0.2	0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	0.718	131.9	131.0	8.5	0.0	-2.1	-0.3	-0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2021 to August 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jul. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2022	Aug. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2021 to Aug. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022	May 2022 to Jun. 2022	Jun. 2022 to Jul. 2022	Jul. 2022 to Aug. 2022
All commodities		100.000	160.4	157.8	10.8	2.7	1.0	-3.7	-1.6
Agricultural commodities		12.152	256.7	255.7	12.1	2.4	-0.1	-3.2	-0.4
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		66.785	115.7	115.2	4.3	-0.2	-0.3	-0.2	-0.4
All exports excluding fuels (June 2022=100)		77.828	99.8	99.5	-	-	-	-0.2	-0.3
Nonagricultural commodities		87.848	153.2	150.4	10.7	2.7	1.2	-3.8	-1.8
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	11.043	258.3	257.2	10.4	2.1	-0.5	-3.1	-0.4
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	10.620	260.2	259.1	10.9	2.1	-0.1	-3.2	-0.4
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.423	222.1	221.1	-2.1	0.9	-9.1	-1.6	-0.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	44.650	241.6	233.1	18.6	5.3	2.4	-7.8	-3.5
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.887	214.1	213.7	1.0	-2.4	-2.5	-4.4	-0.2
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		34.763	247.0	235.9	25.0	7.7	3.8	-8.6	-4.5
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.503	243.9	243.2	20.4	3.5	0.2	-3.0	-0.3
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		43.147	241.7	232.9	18.5	5.3	2.5	-7.9	-3.6
Fuels & lubricants	11	22.172	330.5	312.0	39.3	11.7	5.6	-13.4	-5.6
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.068	209.6	206.5	2.8	-1.1	-1.1	-1.3	-1.5
Selected building materials	13	0.906	171.3	165.3	7.8	-0.2	-0.5	0.3	-3.5
Capital goods	2	27.285	119.1	119.1	4.4	0.3	0.0	0.6	0.0
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.052	133.2	133.5	8.4	-0.1	0.2	1.2	0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	19.802	100.8	100.7	4.1	0.2	-0.1	0.5	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	4.431	197.2	197.5	3.2	0.2	0.1	0.8	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	7.197	121.2	121.2	4.6	0.3	0.1	0.6	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	9.825	116.5	116.8	4.0	-0.3	0.0	0.0	0.3
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.140	109.4	109.2	-0.2	-0.4	-0.3	-0.5	-0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	3.778	114.9	115.1	5.0	-0.1	0.4	1.0	0.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	0.907	126.1	129.7	26.8	0.2	0.0	-0.2	2.9
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2021 to August 2022 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jul. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2022	Aug. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2021 to Aug. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022	May 2022 to Jun. 2022	Jun. 2022 to Jul. 2022	Jul. 2022 to Aug. 2022
Nonmanufacturing		11.088	189.1	177.4	34.9	3.0	4.4	-8.8	-6.2
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.191	214.4	207.0	6.1	-0.5	-2.9	0.3	-3.5
Crop production	111	1.804	227.2	217.4	5.9	0.0	-1.8	0.6	-4.3
Mining	21	8.897	197.6	184.1	44.7	3.8	6.2	-10.8	-6.8
Oil and gas extraction	211	8.628	198.0	184.2	45.8	3.9	6.2	-11.1	-7.0
Manufacturing		88.609	125.1	124.7	5.6	0.2	-0.3	-0.4	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 1	31	10.872	137.7	137.2	3.8	-0.1	0.1	-0.4	-0.4
Food manufacturing	311	4.060	186.2	184.7	6.5	-0.7	0.5	-1.3	-0.8
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.057	134.6	134.5	1.5	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.396	126.6	126.7	17.4	0.8	-0.3	0.1	0.1
Textile product mills	314	1.415	110.0	108.9	-2.0	-0.2	-0.9	-0.3	-1.0
Apparel manufacturing	315	2.814	117.4	117.8	3.7	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.130	127.7	127.7	1.0	0.0	-0.2	0.3	0.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	21.362	159.1	157.2	13.6	1.9	-0.1	0.0	-1.2
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.194	176.8	170.9	9.9	1.9	-12.7	-3.7	-3.3
Paper manufacturing	322	0.996	127.4	128.5	8.3	0.5	2.2	3.8	0.9
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	3.626	198.3	184.9	60.9	12.7	4.4	1.6	-6.8
Chemical manufacturing	325	12.027	160.8	161.1	7.6	-0.1	-0.2	-0.5	0.2
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.445	133.6	133.5	5.4	0.2	0.3	0.5	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.909	142.2	142.2	5.8	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	56.375	112.7	112.7	3.2	-0.3	-0.5	-0.5	0.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	6.762	232.8	233.5	0.8	-4.0	-3.1	-6.4	0.3
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.143	152.6	151.9	7.3	0.6	-1.4	0.9	-0.5
Machinery manufacturing	333	6.644	127.8	128.0	4.1	0.2	-0.1	0.7	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	15.397	74.0	73.9	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.205	127.2	127.1	6.0	0.1	-0.1	0.2	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	12.702	115.4	115.4	2.9	0.4	0.2	0.5	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.783	128.5	129.6	9.5	0.2	-0.6	1.9	0.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.739	126.8	126.2	4.6	0.0	-0.2	-0.1	-0.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2021 to August 2022 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jul. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2022	Aug. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2021 to Aug. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022	May 2022 to Jun. 2022	Jun. 2022 to Jul. 2022	Jul. 2022 to Aug. 2022
Nonmanufacturing		19.767	227.2	225.6	27.3	6.4	3.8	-12.1	-0.7
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	6.687	232.0	229.6	13.3	3.0	-0.8	-5.7	-1.0
Crop production	111	6.362	247.1	244.8	14.8	3.2	-0.4	-6.0	-0.9
Mining	21	13.080	148.4	147.6	35.9	8.2	6.1	-15.0	-0.5
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	11.674	133.6	134.8	-	9.5	7.4	-15.7	0.9
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.406	166.2	144.7	23.0	-1.5	-4.3	-8.1	-12.9
Manufacturing		78.640	140.1	137.5	8.3	2.0	0.4	-1.3	-1.9
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.883	178.5	178.8	9.4	1.6	-0.2	0.1	0.2
Food manufacturing	311	5.229	211.0	211.8	10.8	1.9	-0.5	0.2	0.4
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.530	146.4	144.9	6.9	0.6	2.1	-0.6	-1.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	27.972	158.8	150.3	14.5	5.5	1.5	-3.8	-5.4
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.496	141.2	134.4	0.1	0.2	-0.3	-1.3	-4.8
Paper manufacturing	322	1.578	154.2	154.9	14.3	1.1	3.1	2.5	0.5
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	9.118	209.2	183.2	46.8	17.1	4.2	-12.5	-12.4
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.996	146.7	143.0	3.1	0.1	-0.3	1.4	-2.5
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	1.951	130.8	131.3	7.9	-0.2	0.8	0.2	0.4
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.687	135.8	135.4	9.3	0.4	0.1	0.4	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 3	33	43.785	126.9	127.1	4.8	-0.2	-0.2	0.2	0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.030	213.9	214.5	0.8	-3.0	-3.2	-4.2	0.3
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.415	171.1	171.0	8.2	1.6	0.1	0.6	-0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.817	143.3	143.7	6.8	0.3	0.1	1.1	0.3
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	11.454	85.1	84.8	2.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	-0.4
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.086	131.2	131.4	9.6	0.1	0.3	1.1	0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	10.688	138.1	138.2	3.9	0.3	0.1	0.6	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	3.991	133.2	134.2	8.5	0.1	0.1	0.6	0.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2021 to August 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Jul. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2022	Aug. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2021 to Aug. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022	May 2022 to Jun. 2022	Jun. 2022 to Jul. 2022	Jul. 2022 to Aug. 2022
Live animals; animal products	I	1.476	233.4	229.2	0.8	-0.9	-3.4	-1.7	-1.8
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.442	338.1	324.6	-5.1	-0.8	-0.9	-0.8	-4.0
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.747	160.3	156.8	0.8	1.0	-5.2	-2.9	-2.2
Vegetable products	II	2.202	250.5	243.0	8.3	0.0	-1.1	-0.2	-3.0
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.461	438.9	448.2	12.4	0.7	-5.5	4.8	2.1
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.875	126.9	115.9	-3.0	0.0	-1.3	-0.8	-8.7
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.463	314.9	320.5	23.6	-2.1	1.1	-2.1	1.8
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.419	150.7	151.2	5.1	-4.9	1.6	-6.0	0.3
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.135	187.8	187.9	6.3	-0.1	0.8	0.3	0.1
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.211	107.5	107.9	-	-1.1	1.0	2.3	0.4
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.194	102.4	102.2	5.0	0.0	-0.6	0.7	-0.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.033	147.7	147.6	1.7	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Mineral products	V	12.636	405.2	379.0	48.9	6.0	5.5	-7.7	-6.5
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	12.271	400.3	373.5	50.2	6.2	5.7	-7.9	-6.7
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.202	179.8	178.9	6.9	-0.3	0.0	0.2	-0.5
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.750	546.6	530.6	29.0	1.7	0.7	-1.9	-2.9
Organic chemicals	29	2.693	156.5	151.3	7.6	0.1	1.1	1.9	-3.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.095	148.2	148.1	-2.1	-0.5	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.803	118.5	118.0	4.1	0.3	-0.2	0.6	-0.4
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.746	163.1	161.6	3.4	0.2	0.3	0.4	-0.9
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.606	166.6	165.5	3.0	-0.1	0.2	0.4	-0.7
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.140	159.3	156.8	4.3	1.2	0.5	0.4	-1.6
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.425	142.5	142.6	5.4	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.260	266.3	257.1	12.2	1.7	-11.5	-3.9	-3.5
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.238	186.7	180.1	12.5	1.8	-11.7	-4.1	-3.5
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.982	135.1	135.8	9.2	0.6	2.3	3.8	0.5
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.647	123.2	123.0	10.5	0.8	1.3	2.2	-0.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.474	120.1	119.9	2.8	0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.246	126.4	126.3	3.0	0.5	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	1.161	103.6	102.5	-2.4	-0.8	-0.9	-0.3	-1.1
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	0.984	126.4	126.5	0.5	0.0	-0.2	0.2	0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	0.806	123.5	123.5	-0.4	0.1	-0.2	0.2	0.0
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.778	134.8	134.4	2.1	-0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.3
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.289	102.0	101.9	3.6	-0.2	1.0	0.0	-0.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.267	101.4	101.3	-	0.3	0.0	-0.4	-0.1
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.321	225.4	230.4	-3.6	-4.9	-2.0	-4.2	2.2
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.964	244.5	240.0	8.8	-1.0	-2.9	-3.9	-1.8
Iron and steel	72	1.187	341.9	328.6	12.0	-1.4	-3.2	-2.8	-3.9
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.825	207.3	207.1	15.0	0.5	-2.6	0.1	-0.1
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.418	345.7	347.5	-15.5	-7.7	2.4	-17.2	0.5
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.085	200.9	195.0	6.8	0.4	-5.7	-4.6	-2.9
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.402	130.0	129.8	3.3	1.1	-0.4	-0.2	-0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.518	153.1	153.1	7.1	0.6	0.1	0.7	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	27.422	82.8	82.8	2.6	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.102	89.4	89.3	2.6	0.1	-0.2	0.3	-0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	13.320	76.7	76.6	2.4	0.3	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	10.705	120.0	120.0	2.9	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	9.943	119.3	119.3	2.9	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.0
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.674	103.4	103.6	3.0	-0.3	0.4	0.2	0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.660	105.3	105.3	3.0	-0.3	-0.3	0.0	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.457	101.3	101.2	3.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.118	119.4	120.0	6.1	0.2	-0.1	1.1	0.5
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.495	127.4	128.3	7.1	0.0	-0.6	1.4	0.7
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.372	106.5	106.4	4.4	0.8	0.8	0.8	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.251	135.2	135.5	4.6	-1.0	0.2	0.0	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2021 to August 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Jul. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2022	Aug. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2021 to Aug. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022	May 2022 to Jun. 2022	Jun. 2022 to Jul. 2022	Jul. 2022 to Aug. 2022
Live animals; animal products	I	2.269	288.7	283.9	5.2	2.1	-1.6	-0.5	-1.7
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.455	231.6	227.1	0.8	0.9	-0.8	-1.1	-1.9
Vegetable products	II	6.266	303.4	301.9	14.7	2.9	0.2	-5.1	-0.5
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.891	141.8	137.6	-5.8	1.4	0.8	-3.3	-3.0
Cereals	10	1.935	346.5	333.5	13.1	4.3	-3.3	-7.3	-3.8
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.826	326.2	332.7	19.5	2.3	2.5	-6.0	2.0
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.860	182.2	182.6	6.8	0.2	-1.3	0.6	0.2
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.549	105.6	108.1	3.6	1.2	-0.6	-1.3	2.4
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.442	108.4	108.3	-1.8	-0.5	-0.2	-0.4	-0.1
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.892	326.9	321.4	11.5	0.2	-3.7	0.6	-1.7
Mineral products	V	22.162	396.7	375.5	39.9	11.5	5.3	-14.0	-5.3
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.481	123.8	125.1	-2.6	-2.5	-6.2	-15.9	1.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	21.511	385.4	364.0	41.4	12.0	5.7	-14.0	-5.6
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.546	171.1	166.6	7.8	0.4	0.4	2.6	-2.6
Organic chemicals	29	2.921	215.0	192.8	7.5	2.0	2.0	2.5	-10.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	2.954	105.9	105.8	-2.3	-0.6	-0.6	-0.9	-0.1
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.761	141.1	140.8	3.0	0.2	-0.3	0.9	-0.2
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.418	135.2	135.2	6.5	0.0	0.0	2.2	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.094	187.8	187.5	-0.6	-0.2	-1.1	0.6	-0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.918	173.0	170.8	-2.2	-0.1	-0.2	-2.3	-1.3
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.223	172.8	170.5	-3.5	-0.1	-0.2	-2.8	-1.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.696	168.3	166.9	5.6	0.4	0.3	0.7	-0.8
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.604	138.3	130.1	0.5	0.4	-1.1	-1.1	-5.9
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.808	157.0	157.8	8.2	0.7	2.9	0.3	0.5
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.683	183.6	186.4	4.2	1.3	6.7	-2.4	1.5
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.926	148.1	147.9	12.9	0.2	0.8	2.3	-0.1
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.654	154.1	154.1	16.7	3.6	-0.8	-2.8	0.0
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.742	199.2	199.4	37.4	7.0	-1.5	-5.9	0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.655	147.4	147.3	10.7	0.3	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.389	110.9	110.9	11.2	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.681	315.2	321.3	-0.7	-2.9	-3.0	-4.4	1.9
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.278	209.0	207.6	3.4	-2.7	-2.6	-4.9	-0.7
Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)	72	1.136	155.8	157.1	2.3	-5.6	-6.6	-10.5	0.8
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.480	241.9	242.3	-11.8	-4.8	3.0	-16.8	0.2
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.775	152.0	144.8	2.9	-4.8	-6.4	-1.6	-4.7
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	22.675	104.7	104.7	4.9	0.3	0.1	0.6	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	13.150	125.8	125.5	5.4	0.3	0.1	0.8	-0.2
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	9.526	82.2	82.5	4.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.4
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	7.906	147.1	147.3	4.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	5.940	123.7	123.7	4.0	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.958	114.7	114.5	2.7	0.1	0.0	0.6	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.065	131.8	131.9	10.1	0.5	0.3	2.1	0.1
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi	94	0.560	150.7	150.7	8.5	-0.1	0.0	0.3	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.361	106.7	106.8	13.6	0.3	1.1	6.0	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: August 2021 to August 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2022	Aug. 2022	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2021 to Aug. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022	May 2022 to Jun. 2022	Jun. 2022 to Jul. 2022	Jul. 2022 to Aug. 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	154.2	152.5	10.1	0.6	0.4	-2.2	-1.1
Nonmanufacturing	15.176	349.2	327.9	43.3	3.8	5.0	-8.9	-6.1
Manufacturing	84.125	139.1	139.0	6.4	0.2	-0.3	-0.7	-0.1
Canada	100.000	208.5	203.0	22.1	2.6	1.0	-4.7	-2.6
Nonmanufacturing	37.915	349.4	327.7	44.9	3.9	5.3	-9.3	-6.2
Manufacturing	61.212	173.4	172.6	12.7	2.0	-1.5	-1.3	-0.5
European Union	100.000	155.1	154.5	5.4	0.4	1.2	0.0	-0.4
Manufacturing	98.756	150.4	150.0	5.4	0.4	1.2	0.1	-0.3
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	142.7	142.1	4.3	-0.2	1.8	-1.8	-0.4
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	125.0	124.8	5.4	-0.2	0.7	1.2	-0.2
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	137.8	136.1	4.5	0.9	0.6	-0.9	-1.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	173.9	171.6	8.7	1.1	0.1	-1.4	-1.3
Nonmanufacturing	18.100	377.1	355.7	24.5	2.8	3.0	-6.6	-5.7
Manufacturing	81.637	136.8	136.3	6.0	0.7	-0.6	-0.1	-0.4
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	144.4	142.2	6.3	0.8	0.4	-0.5	-1.5
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	11.797	195.9	170.0	13.9	1.6	1.5	-6.0	-13.2
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	87.943	96.8	96.8	5.4	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.0
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	105.0	104.7	3.3	0.1	0.0	-0.4	-0.3
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	104.3	104.1	2.1	-0.2	-0.3	0.0	-0.2
Japan	100.000	100.1	100.1	1.2	0.1	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	112.6	112.2	7.8	0.8	0.3	0.4	-0.4
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	100.5	99.9	7.8	1.5	0.0	-0.9	-0.6
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	105.1	104.8	4.3	1.2	0.2	-1.0	-0.3
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	260.4	250.5	26.6	2.0	0.5	-4.5	-3.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: August 2021 to August 2022 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2022	Aug. 2022	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2021 to Aug. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022	May 2022 to Jun. 2022	Jun. 2022 to Jul. 2022	Jul. 2022 to Aug. 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	124.5	123.4	10.0	1.4	0.2	-2.4	-0.9
Nonmanufacturing	17.074	173.6	170.0	32.6	4.3	1.7	-10.0	-2.1
Manufacturing	81.357	118.5	117.7	6.8	0.8	-0.2	-0.4	-0.7
Canada	100.000	130.2	130.1	11.5	1.5	0.3	-2.2	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	12.594	172.2	174.3	31.5	4.5	2.6	-12.5	1.2
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	86.055	119.2	118.8	9.2	1.0	0.0	-0.4	-0.3
European Union	100.000	123.0	120.7	8.4	1.5	0.7	-2.2	-1.9
Nonmanufacturing	21.162	169.2	157.4	26.3	2.6	1.7	-8.7	-7.0
Manufacturing	77.318	114.9	114.2	5.4	1.1	0.4	-0.1	-0.6
Germany	100.000	114.9	114.5	6.7	0.8	0.4	0.2	-0.3
Latin America(3)	100.000	142.4	138.5	15.0	6.6	2.0	-6.4	-2.7
Nonmanufacturing	12.520	214.8	235.7	38.6	13.4	3.4	-17.4	9.7
Manufacturing	86.892	136.3	130.1	11.9	5.6	1.6	-4.6	-4.5
Mexico	100.000	138.9	137.0	12.0	4.7	2.1	-5.4	-1.4
Nonmanufacturing	10.958	200.1	234.7	43.5	18.4	4.5	-21.0	17.3
Manufacturing	88.685	134.6	129.6	8.5	3.0	1.8	-3.1	-3.7
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	122.5	123.1	9.6	1.3	0.2	-2.4	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	27.080	155.2	158.5	25.4	3.2	0.2	-7.3	2.1
Manufacturing	71.101	115.1	114.9	6.1	0.7	0.2	0.3	-0.2
China	100.000	120.5	118.4	7.5	1.4	1.5	-4.4	-1.7
Nonmanufacturing	36.413	142.9	136.6	19.9	3.4	2.7	-9.7	-4.4
Manufacturing	62.361	113.7	113.3	2.9	0.4	0.6	-0.4	-0.4
Japan	100.000	126.1	122.5	9.5	1.9	-0.6	-2.9	-2.9
Nonmanufacturing	32.851	173.9	164.8	29.8	3.7	1.3	-8.3	-5.2
Manufacturing	65.790	111.1	109.1	2.7	1.0	-1.3	0.1	-1.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: August 2021 to August 2022(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Jul. 2022	Aug. 2022	Annual	Monthly
			Aug. 2021 to Aug. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022	May 2022 to Jun. 2022	Jun. 2022 to Jul. 2022	Jul. 2022 to Aug. 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	98.8	99.0	-0.2	0.7	-0.2	-0.2	0.2
Canada	82.1	84.2	-8.7	-1.0	-0.7	2.8	2.6
European Union	106.7	105.2	2.9	1.1	-0.5	-2.3	-1.4
Germany	105.8	105.6	1.2	1.0	-0.2	-1.0	-0.2
Latin America(3)	121.9	120.2	5.8	5.5	1.8	-5.1	-1.4
Mexico	124.1	124.3	5.4	4.0	1.6	-5.0	0.2
Pacific Rim(4)	114.8	115.7	6.1	1.2	0.2	-2.0	0.8
China	115.6	113.9	5.5	1.6	1.8	-4.4	-1.5
Japan	120.3	116.9	8.1	1.7	-0.6	-2.7	-2.8
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: August 2021 to August 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2022	Aug. 2022	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2021 to Aug. 2022	Apr. 2022 to May 2022	May 2022 to Jun. 2022	Jun. 2022 to Jul. 2022	Jul. 2022 to Aug. 2022
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	314.4	327.1	-0.3	4.1	-1.0	-12.9	4.0
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.719	267.4	266.9	7.4	1.5	-12.1	-13.4	-0.2
Asia	73.996	310.3	327.5	-3.1	5.3	3.6	-12.8	5.5
Export Air Freight	100.000	209.1	213.7	25.3	3.1	-1.1	-1.5	2.2
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	28.827	176.0	179.5	22.9	3.7	-4.9	2.6	2.0
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	49.332	161.4	167.5	31.7	1.8	1.2	-4.0	3.8
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	240.9	238.8	-3.7	2.9	-3.0	-8.3	-0.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.740	185.1	180.7	4.1	2.3	-12.1	-8.3	-2.4
Asia	67.235	245.9	246.7	-3.2	4.5	0.8	-9.4	0.3
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	217.3	221.3	-8.3	-1.3	3.7	-4.7	1.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	30.018	208.5	210.3	27.9	0.6	-3.5	2.8	0.9
Asia	52.838	236.4	243.2	-24.6	-4.3	8.8	-9.2	2.9
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	190.8	172.0	7.0	3.2	10.1	-0.2	-9.9
Europe	37.553	207.5	177.6	12.8	5.7	9.4	-3.1	-14.4
Asia	22.016	215.5	198.0	12.6	8.2	9.1	-0.3	-8.1
Latin America/Caribbean	13.447	164.8	150.0	20.3	-5.7	24.1	5.4	-9.0
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	205.8	200.9	7.7	2.6	5.3	8.3	-2.4
Europe	27.138	249.6	221.3	9.4	4.3	6.5	9.2	-11.3
Asia	22.746	215.5	238.0	5.9	7.3	1.6	6.2	10.4
Latin America/Caribbean	33.152	206.5	199.7	24.0	0.8	10.1	9.8	-3.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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