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Economic News Release
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U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until					USDL-23-1975
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 15, 2023

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


			   U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - AUGUST 2023

U.S. import prices rose 0.5 percent in August, after ticking up 0.1 percent the previous month, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The August advance was led by higher fuel prices. Prices for U.S. 
exports increased 1.3 percent in August following a 0.5-percent rise in July.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
BLS is seeking feedback on an upcoming methodological change to U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes.
More information is available in the Federal Register Notice at 
www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/11/2023-19486/comment-request. Please share your thoughts 
by emailing ipp_frn@bls.gov.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports advanced 0.5 percent in August, the largest monthly increase since May 
2022. Despite the August increase, U.S. import prices fell 3.0 percent over the past year. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices rose 6.7 percent in August following a 2.2-percent advance in July. The 
August increase was the largest 1-month advance since March 2022. Higher prices for import petroleum and 
for natural gas in August contributed to the overall increase in fuel prices. In spite of the recent rises, prices 
for import fuel declined 19.0 percent over the past 12 months. The price index for import petroleum 
advanced 6.5 percent in August, after increasing 1.9 percent the previous month. Import petroleum prices 
fell 17.6 percent for the year ended in August. Prices for import natural gas rose 19.1 percent in August 
following a 13.7-percent advance in July. Import natural gas prices declined 51.8 percent over the past year. 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports edged down 0.1 percent for the second consecutive 
month in August. Nonfuel import prices have not recorded a monthly increase since February 2023. Lower 
prices in August for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; capital goods; and automotive vehicles more 
than offset higher prices for foods, feeds, and beverages and consumer goods. Nonfuel import prices 
decreased 0.8 percent for the year ended in August.  

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for import foods, feeds, and beverages increased 0.7 percent 
in August following a 2.4-percent advance the previous month. Higher prices for feedstuff and foodgrains in 
August led the increase.  

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 0.8 percent 
in August, after decreasing 1.4 percent in July. The August decline was driven by lower prices for chemicals 
and unfinished metals.

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods import categories were mixed in August. Capital goods 
prices declined 0.2 percent, the largest 1-month decrease since the index fell 0.3 percent in November 2019. 
The August decline was led by a 0.8-percent drop in the price index for computers, peripherals, and 
semiconductors. Prices for automotive vehicles edged down 0.1 percent in August following a 0.5-percent 
advance in July. Lower parts prices in August drove the decrease. In contrast, the price index for consumer 
goods ticked up 0.1 percent in August, after declining 0.2 percent the previous month. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
Month IMPORTS EXPORTS
All
imports
Fuel
imports
Nonfuel
imports
All
exports
Agri-
cultural
exports
Non-
agricultural
exports

2022

August

-1.2 -8.6 -0.2 -1.4 -0.5 -1.4

September

-1.0 -6.3 -0.3 -0.9 -0.8 -0.9

October

-0.3 -2.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5

November

-0.8 -3.9 -0.3 -0.4 2.8 -0.9

December

0.1 -2.3 0.4 -3.0 -2.4 -3.1

2023

January

-0.4 -4.8 0.2 0.2 -0.8 0.3

February

-0.2 -5.6 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.3

March

-0.8 -4.4 -0.5 -0.4 -1.8 -0.2

April

0.3 4.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.4 -0.1

May

-0.4 -5.0 0.0 -2.1 -2.3 (r)-2.1

June

(r)-0.2 (r)1.1 -0.3 (r)-0.6 -1.5 (r)-0.5

July

(r)0.1 (r)2.2 (r)-0.1 (r)0.5 (r)0.5 0.6

August

0.5 6.7 -0.1 1.3 -2.2 1.7

Aug. 2021 to 2022

7.7 46.4 3.9 11.2 12.0 11.1

Aug. 2022 to 2023

-3.0 -19.0 -0.8 -5.5 -7.8 -5.3

Footnotes
(r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports advanced 1.3 percent in August, after increasing 0.5 percent the previous month. The 
August rise was the largest 1-month advance since the index increased 2.7 percent in May 2022. Higher 
nonagricultural prices in August more than offset lower agricultural prices. Despite the advance in August, 
U.S. export prices declined 5.5 percent over the past year. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Export agricultural prices decreased 2.2 percent in August following a 0.5-percent 
increase in July. The August decline was driven by lower prices for soybeans, corn, wheat, and nuts. Prices 
for agricultural exports fell 7.8 percent for the year ended in August. Lower prices for corn and soybeans 
were the primary contributors to the 12-month drop in export agricultural prices.    

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports rose 1.7 percent in 
August, after advancing 0.6 percent the previous month. The August increase was the largest monthly 
advance since the index rose 2.7 percent in May 2022. Higher prices in August for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials; capital goods; and automotive vehicles more than offset lower prices for consumer 
goods and nonagricultural foods. In spite of the recent increase, nonagricultural prices fell 5.3 percent from 
August 2022 to August 2023. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials advanced 4.2 percent in August following a 1.1-percent increase in July. The August rise was the 
largest 1-month advance since May 2022 and was driven by higher fuel prices.  

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods export categories were mixed in August. Prices for 
export capital goods ticked up 0.1 percent for the second consecutive month in August. Both the August and 
July increases were led by 0.3-percent advances in industrial and service machinery prices. The price index 
for automotive vehicles rose 0.2 percent in August, after increasing 0.2 percent in July. Higher prices for 
parts and passenger cars in August drove the advance. In contrast, consumer goods prices edged down 0.1 
percent in August, the first monthly drop since a 0.3-percent decrease in November 2022. Lower prices in 
August for nonmanufactured consumer goods led the decline. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China increased 0.1 percent in August following a 0.3-
percent drop the previous month. The August rise was the first monthly advance since the index increased 
0.4 percent in October 2022. Despite the advance, prices for imports from China declined 2.2 percent for the 
year ended in August. Import prices from Japan were unchanged in August, after increasing 0.4 percent in 
July. The price index for imports from Japan rose 1.2 percent from August 2022 to August 2023. Prices for 
imports from Canada advanced 2.0 percent in August, the largest 1-month increase since the index rose 2.6 
percent in May 2022. Import prices from Canada decreased 11.0 percent over the past 12 months. Prices for 
imports from the European Union increased 0.6 percent in August, the largest monthly advance since 
January 2023. The price index for imports from Mexico rose 0.3 percent in August following a 2.3-percent 
increase the previous month. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China declined 0.3 percent in August, after 
increasing 1.3 percent the previous month. Export prices to China fell 7.9 percent for the year ended in 
August. The price index for exports to Japan was unchanged in August and has not recorded a 1-month 
advance since February 2023. Prices for exports to Japan decreased 10.4 percent over the past year. Export 
prices to Mexico rose 1.9 percent in August, the largest monthly advance since the index increased 2.1 
percent in June 2022. Despite the August rise, the price index for exports to Mexico fell 8.2 percent over the 
past 12 months. Prices for exports to Canada and the European Union also increased in August, advancing 
0.8 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China fell 0.4 
percent in August, after increasing 1.6 percent in July. Lower export prices to China and higher import 
prices from China each contributed to the August decline. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China 
decreased 5.8 percent over the past 12 months. U.S. terms of trade with Japan was unchanged in August 
following a 1.9-percent decline in July. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 11.4 percent for the year ended in 
August. The U.S. terms of trade with Canada declined 1.2 percent in August, after decreasing 1.1 percent 
the previous month. U.S. terms of trade with Mexico increased 1.6 percent in August and U.S. terms of 
trade with the European Union decreased 0.2 percent over the same period. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares decreased 14.1 percent in August, after declining 9.2 
percent in July. The August drop was the largest 1-month decrease since January 2022 and was led by lower 
European fares. Asian and Latin American/Caribbean fares also declined in August. Import air passenger 
fares fell 8.0 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month decrease since February 2021. Prices for 
import air freight declined 11.8 percent in August following a 0.8-percent drop the previous month. The 
August decrease was the largest monthly decline since January 2023 and was driven by lower Asian air 
freight prices. Import air freight prices fell 35.2 percent for the year ended in August. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 8.8 percent in August, after increasing 4.2 percent the previous 
month. Lower European and Latin American/Caribbean fares in August more than offset higher Asian fares. 
Export air passenger fares fell 6.4 percent from August 2022 to August 2023, the first 12-month decrease 
since the index declined 1.0 percent for the year ended November 2021. Export air freight prices rose 5.5 
percent in August following a 0.6-percent advance in July. The August increase was the largest 1-month rise 
since February 2022. Prices for export air freight fell 10.8 percent over the past 12 months.  

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for September 2023 are scheduled for release on Friday, 
October 13, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Jul.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Jul.
2023
Aug.
2023
Annual Monthly
Aug.
2022
to
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023
May
2023
to
Jun.
2023
Jun.
2023
to
Jul.
2023
Jul.
2023
to
Aug.
2023

All commodities

  100.000 139.6 140.3 -3.0 -0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.5

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  83.793 108.0 107.8 -1.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2

All imports excluding petroleum

  91.511 123.5 123.5 -1.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.0

All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  91.003 127.4 127.3 -0.8 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

7.210 213.9 215.5 5.0 -0.9 -0.2 2.4 0.7

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

5.790 237.8 239.6 6.9 -0.8 0.2 3.2 0.8

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

1.420 157.3 158.3 -2.2 -0.9 -1.7 -0.3 0.6

Industrial supplies & materials

1

24.502 241.7 246.5 -12.2 -1.9 -0.4 -0.1 2.0

Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum

  16.124 200.5 199.6 -9.7 -0.7 -1.2 -1.1 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  15.519 224.7 222.9 -7.9 -0.2 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  9.770 218.3 217.1 -6.2 0.1 -1.9 -1.4 -0.5

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum

  6.244 179.9 179.5 -14.4 -1.8 -0.2 -0.6 -0.2

Fuels & lubricants

10

8.997 278.6 297.3 -19.0 -5.0 1.1 2.2 6.7

Petroleum & petroleum products

100

8.489 300.2 319.7 -17.6 -4.5 1.2 1.9 6.5

Crude petroleum

10000

5.409 310.6 327.1 -14.7 -3.3 -0.5 5.1 5.3

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas

101

0.374 154.0 174.8 -44.9 -17.6 -1.3 9.3 13.5

Natural gas

10110

0.265 127.2 151.5 -51.8 -23.9 -1.5 13.7 19.1

Paper & paper base stocks

11

0.541 143.6 140.7 -5.1 0.9 3.3 -1.5 -2.0

Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials

12

5.194 196.4 194.2 -11.5 -0.7 -0.5 -1.3 -1.1

Selected building materials

13

1.753 190.7 191.3 -8.6 0.4 -0.6 1.7 0.3

Unfinished metals related to durable goods

14

3.891 319.2 314.6 -10.8 0.2 -3.4 -3.5 -1.4

Finished metals related to durable goods

15

2.349 217.4 217.0 1.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.2

Nonmetals related to durable goods

16

1.776 123.9 124.0 -4.0 -0.5 -1.9 -0.6 0.1

Capital goods

2

27.900 93.6 93.4 0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.2

Electric generating equipment

20

3.749 129.2 129.9 0.3 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.5

Nonelectrical machinery

21

22.733 84.5 84.3 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.2

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

1.419 154.1 154.3 6.9 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

12.931 118.5 118.4 1.7 0.3 -0.1 0.5 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

27.457 109.9 110.0 -0.3 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.1

Nondurables, manufactured

40

12.841 125.1 125.1 0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.0

Durables, manufactured

41

13.652 95.4 95.6 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods

42

0.963 123.9 123.2 -5.9 0.0 -2.2 -2.1 -0.6

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Jul.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Jul.
2023
Aug.
2023
Annual Monthly
Aug.
2022
to
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023
May
2023
to
Jun.
2023
Jun.
2023
to
Jul.
2023
Jul.
2023
to
Aug.
2023

All commodities

  100.000 147.7 149.6 -5.5 -2.1 -0.6 0.5 1.3

Agricultural commodities

  11.005 240.9 235.6 -7.8 -2.3 -1.5 0.5 -2.2

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  73.700 113.7 113.9 -1.0 -0.1 -0.5 -0.5 0.2

All exports excluding fuels (June 2022=100)

  83.808 98.9 98.8 -0.7 -0.4 -0.6 -0.3 -0.1

Nonagricultural commodities

  88.995 140.6 143.0 -5.3 -2.1 -0.5 0.6 1.7

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

10.108 243.5 237.4 -7.7 -2.3 -1.5 0.6 -2.5

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

9.721 246.1 239.8 -7.4 -2.4 -1.5 0.7 -2.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

0.387 194.5 192.0 -13.8 -0.6 -2.6 -3.1 -1.3

Industrial supplies & materials

1

37.495 195.6 203.5 -13.3 -4.9 -1.5 1.1 4.0

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  10.829 208.3 208.8 -2.5 -0.6 -1.8 -1.7 0.2

Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable

  26.666 188.1 198.6 -16.4 -6.7 -1.3 2.2 5.6

Agricultural industrial supplies & materials

10

1.252 215.7 217.1 -10.4 -1.9 -1.5 -1.2 0.6

Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials

  36.243 195.0 203.1 -13.4 -5.0 -1.4 1.1 4.2

Fuels & lubricants

11

16.192 237.2 257.4 -18.9 -10.6 -0.6 5.8 8.5

Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials

12

19.249 189.1 190.3 -7.4 -0.5 -2.1 -2.4 0.6

Selected building materials

13

0.802 146.0 148.1 -10.6 -0.3 -1.2 -0.5 1.4

Capital goods

2

31.147 121.4 121.5 2.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1

Electrical generating equipment

20

3.479 137.7 137.4 3.3 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.2

Nonelectrical machinery

21

22.730 101.4 101.6 0.9 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.2

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

4.937 211.8 212.1 7.4 0.1 2.2 0.2 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

8.276 124.1 124.3 2.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

12.974 119.8 119.7 2.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Nondurables, manufactured

40

6.856 111.1 111.1 1.8 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0

Durables, manufactured

41

4.854 120.1 120.1 4.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)

42

1.264 129.5 128.2 -1.0 -0.1 -0.8 -0.7 -1.0

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2022 to August 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Jul.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Jul.
2023
Aug.
2023
Annual Monthly
Aug.
2022
to
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023
May
2023
to
Jun.
2023
Jun.
2023
to
Jul.
2023
Jul.
2023
to
Aug.
2023

Nonmanufacturing

  8.292 146.9 153.8 -12.1 -4.1 -0.8 4.6 4.7

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

2.227 220.6 222.6 7.7 -2.0 -0.8 5.6 0.9

Crop production

111

1.780 229.2 231.4 6.4 -2.2 -0.7 5.9 1.0

Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)

112

0.273 115.7 118.2 - 0.9 -1.2 5.8 2.2

Mining

21

6.065 141.1 149.7 -17.3 -4.9 -0.8 4.1 6.1

Oil and gas extraction

211

5.801 139.7 148.3 -18.1 -4.5 -0.7 5.2 6.2

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2022=100)

212

0.265 105.7 110.0 - -11.6 -1.7 -14.5 4.1

Manufacturing

  91.377 122.0 122.1 -2.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.1

Manufacturing, part 1

31

11.446 138.6 139.0 1.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.3

Food manufacturing

311

4.241 187.5 188.5 1.9 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 0.5

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

1.185 140.3 141.0 4.9 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5

Apparel manufacturing

315

3.219 118.9 118.7 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2

Leather and allied product manufacturing

316

1.377 127.0 127.0 -0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2

32

19.847 142.3 143.6 -8.1 -0.9 0.5 -0.9 0.9

Paper manufacturing

322

0.984 124.2 123.1 -3.7 0.3 1.5 -0.7 -0.9

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

2.922 134.7 146.0 -20.4 -6.6 4.8 -3.0 8.4

Chemical manufacturing

325

11.110 150.1 149.4 -6.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.9 -0.5

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.649 133.7 133.7 0.2 0.6 -0.1 -0.3 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

1.081 146.3 146.0 2.7 0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 3

33

60.084 112.6 112.4 -0.3 0.1 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2

Primary metal manufacturing

331

4.760 221.0 218.7 -6.7 0.4 -2.8 -2.1 -1.0

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

332

3.319 148.3 147.8 -2.8 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.3

Machinery manufacturing

333

7.765 132.0 132.0 3.1 0.3 -0.2 0.2 0.0

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

16.785 72.6 72.5 -1.8 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

6.006 127.8 127.9 0.5 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

13.156 117.6 117.6 2.2 0.3 -0.1 0.6 0.0

Furniture and related product manufacturing

337

2.026 129.4 128.8 -0.5 0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

6.266 127.9 128.1 0.8 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2022 to August 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Jul.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Jul.
2023
Aug.
2023
Annual Monthly
Aug.
2022
to
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023
May
2023
to
Jun.
2023
Jun.
2023
to
Jul.
2023
Jul.
2023
to
Aug.
2023

Nonmanufacturing

  14.856 176.3 179.1 -22.1 -7.4 -2.0 4.9 1.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

5.489 206.3 197.2 -14.2 -3.8 -2.9 1.8 -4.4

Crop production

111

5.173 219.0 208.7 -14.8 -3.8 -3.0 1.8 -4.7

Mining

21

9.367 106.7 112.2 -26.0 -9.5 -1.5 6.8 5.2

Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)

211

8.005 94.1 100.3 -27.7 -10.0 -0.2 8.0 6.6

Mining (except oil and gas)

212

1.362 137.8 132.8 -8.9 -6.8 -7.0 -0.3 -3.6

Manufacturing

  83.503 133.1 134.8 -2.0 -1.2 -0.2 -0.2 1.3

Manufacturing, part 1

31

6.970 172.7 172.7 -3.1 -0.7 -0.2 -0.7 0.0

Food manufacturing

311

5.160 203.9 204.1 -3.4 -0.9 0.0 -0.6 0.1

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

0.521 139.9 140.6 -3.0 -1.3 -2.6 -3.2 0.5

Manufacturing, part 2

32

25.855 134.1 139.6 -7.1 -3.4 -0.7 -0.1 4.1

Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)

321

0.402 113.7 114.2 -14.8 -0.3 -1.6 -0.8 0.4

Paper manufacturing

322

1.520 140.8 139.6 -10.9 -2.5 -5.7 2.1 -0.9

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

6.400 145.4 167.0 -8.6 -12.7 0.4 2.8 14.9

Chemical manufacturing

325

14.261 132.0 132.9 -6.9 0.1 -0.7 -1.7 0.7

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.299 133.6 133.8 1.7 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

0.777 133.0 136.1 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.2 2.3

Manufacturing, part 3

33

50.678 128.8 128.8 1.3 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing

331

4.267 200.6 199.9 -6.8 -0.4 -1.8 -2.2 -0.3

Machinery manufacturing

333

9.612 149.6 150.2 4.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

12.876 83.0 82.9 -2.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

3.614 136.2 136.0 3.7 0.2 -0.1 0.3 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

12.235 144.1 144.3 4.1 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

5.004 139.3 138.9 3.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 -0.3

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
importance
Jul.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Jul.
2023
Aug.
2023
Annual Monthly
Aug.
2022
to
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023
May
2023
to
Jun.
2023
Jun.
2023
to
Jul.
2023
Jul.
2023
to
Aug.
2023

Live animals; animal products

I

1.575 236.6 240.1 3.9 0.0 -0.9 1.0 1.5

Meat and edible meat offal

02

0.423 335.2 334.9 0.0 2.3 1.4 2.8 -0.1

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates

03

0.781 150.2 152.2 -3.0 -1.8 -3.1 -1.1 1.3

Vegetable products

II

2.236 256.1 258.5 6.4 -1.7 -0.8 4.2 0.9

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers

07

0.590 526.9 522.3 16.5 5.2 -1.3 10.5 -0.9

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

0.799 126.5 127.1 9.1 -7.4 0.7 9.0 0.5

Coffee, tea, mate and spices

09

0.380 293.2 297.9 -7.0 -0.7 -0.7 -2.7 1.6

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)

III

0.373 143.4 149.3 -1.3 -1.2 -1.2 -0.9 4.1

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

3.398 196.3 197.0 5.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.4

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)

17

0.214 114.4 114.8 6.9 0.5 -0.4 0.5 0.3

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)

18

0.250 123.7 125.0 22.3 -2.8 2.3 2.1 1.1

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2022=100)

21

0.393 97.7 97.8 - 0.5 0.4 -0.5 0.1

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar

22

1.116 154.0 154.8 4.9 0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.5

Mineral products

V

9.106 285.7 304.8 -18.4 -5.5 1.0 1.7 6.7

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

8.772 278.9 298.3 -19.0 -5.3 1.2 2.3 7.0

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

10.527 170.8 171.5 -3.8 0.2 -0.5 -0.9 0.4

Inorganic chemicals

28

0.619 509.0 493.0 -8.2 0.0 -0.2 -1.8 -3.1

Organic chemicals

29

2.366 143.1 142.5 -5.7 0.5 -1.3 -1.0 -0.4

Pharmaceutical products

30

5.251 147.4 147.4 -0.3 0.1 -0.1 -0.7 0.0

Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100)

31

0.337 62.8 74.2 - -4.0 -1.2 -6.0 18.2

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)

32

0.204 101.0 101.4 - 2.2 -0.9 -1.0 0.4

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

0.821 118.7 118.1 -0.5 0.3 -1.2 -1.2 -0.5

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

4.158 157.5 154.8 -4.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.6 -1.7

Plastics and articles thereof

39

2.700 156.8 153.0 -7.3 -0.5 0.1 -0.8 -2.4

Rubber and articles thereof

40

1.458 162.2 161.4 2.3 0.6 0.2 -0.1 -0.5

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

0.983 130.8 129.5 -4.1 0.6 2.0 -0.9 -1.0

Textile and textile articles

XI

4.439 120.6 120.6 0.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted

62

1.220 126.6 126.6 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.0

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.

XII

1.209 127.0 126.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.2

Footwear and parts of such articles

64

0.958 123.9 123.7 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.942 138.3 138.2 2.8 0.5 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)

68

0.345 102.9 102.9 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)

70

0.332 109.0 108.3 6.8 0.5 -0.5 -0.4 -0.6

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

3.181 223.1 225.4 -2.8 1.6 -2.4 -3.9 1.0

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

6.272 233.6 230.8 -4.6 -0.5 -1.1 -0.3 -1.2

Articles of iron or steel

73

1.860 203.1 200.9 -3.0 -0.9 -1.3 0.0 -1.1

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.527 370.7 380.4 8.7 -2.5 -2.0 -0.2 2.6

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

1.062 190.0 186.3 -5.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.1 -1.9

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof

82

0.448 132.6 133.2 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5

Miscellaneous articles of base metal

83

0.544 147.2 146.8 -4.1 -0.3 -0.5 -0.1 -0.3

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

30.003 82.6 82.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

15.318 89.7 89.7 0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts

85

14.685 75.9 75.9 -0.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

10.949 122.3 122.1 1.9 0.2 -0.1 0.7 -0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

10.319 121.3 121.1 1.7 0.2 0.0 0.6 -0.2

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)

88

0.519 108.7 108.8 4.9 0.0 -0.3 0.6 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

4.165 108.2 108.5 3.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments

90

3.871 103.8 103.9 2.6 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

4.850 120.1 120.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs

94

2.765 127.7 127.2 -0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.4

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

1.783 106.0 106.7 0.3 0.3 -0.2 -0.5 0.7

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

96

0.302 147.6 148.0 9.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
import-
ance
Jul.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Jul.
2023
Aug.
2023
Annual Monthly
Aug.
2022
to
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023
May
2023
to
Jun.
2023
Jun.
2023
to
Jul.
2023
Jul.
2023
to
Aug.
2023

Live animals; animal products

I

2.066 257.9 257.4 -9.5 -0.3 -0.9 -1.2 -0.2

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)

02

1.360 220.4 222.2 -2.2 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.8

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100)

03

0.241 80.7 78.6 - -0.9 -3.9 -4.6 -2.6

Vegetable products

II

5.250 274.2 260.3 -13.6 -4.0 -2.9 1.7 -5.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

0.795 131.9 129.2 -5.7 3.2 -3.7 -4.1 -2.0

Cereals

10

1.790 288.9 268.5 -19.5 -6.9 -0.6 -4.1 -7.1

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder

12

2.120 308.8 290.3 -12.1 -3.8 -6.0 10.5 -6.0

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

3.049 186.3 186.8 2.2 -0.8 0.2 -0.9 0.3

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)

21

0.691 118.9 119.6 10.5 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.6

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)

22

0.477 109.3 109.7 1.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.4

Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed

23

0.744 290.1 289.0 -10.4 -3.6 -1.9 -4.7 -0.4

Mineral products

V

15.827 282.2 307.6 -19.4 -10.8 -0.7 5.3 9.0

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)

26

0.462 121.9 126.1 -1.4 -5.3 -4.9 -7.2 3.4

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

15.142 270.5 295.7 -20.1 -11.1 -0.5 5.7 9.3

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

12.860 161.5 163.0 -2.8 0.2 -0.4 -1.1 0.9

Pharmaceutical products

30

4.518 108.8 109.0 3.1 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.2

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations

33

0.878 148.9 148.5 5.5 0.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.3

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes

34

0.489 139.0 139.0 2.3 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

2.325 192.5 192.7 2.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

4.554 156.3 156.4 -7.7 -0.2 -0.9 -1.1 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof

39

3.748 153.1 153.1 -9.5 -0.3 -1.0 -1.5 0.0

Rubber and articles thereof

40

0.807 169.9 170.3 2.0 0.4 -0.4 0.8 0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)

IX

0.460 104.4 105.8 -18.6 -0.9 -2.7 -1.5 1.3

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

1.662 140.5 140.4 -11.9 -2.6 -4.8 2.1 -0.1

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)

47

0.447 132.8 130.7 -31.6 -6.6 -14.8 6.9 -1.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard

48

0.973 145.6 146.5 -0.9 -1.2 -1.0 0.6 0.6

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof

52

0.494 158.2 163.1 -18.2 -1.7 0.3 -0.6 3.1

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.760 149.0 151.8 3.0 0.1 0.2 1.4 1.9

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)

70

0.470 114.3 114.3 2.9 0.1 0.1 2.8 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

4.561 309.9 308.4 -4.0 0.3 -2.1 -2.7 -0.5

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

4.528 209.7 209.2 0.5 -0.9 -1.2 -0.2 -0.2

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.585 258.2 265.5 9.8 -2.9 -2.2 0.2 2.8

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

0.665 142.1 141.6 -2.9 -0.3 -1.2 -2.7 -0.4

Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec. 2022=100)

83

0.326 103.6 103.6 - 0.2 0.1 1.8 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

26.138 106.6 106.6 1.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

15.217 130.6 130.8 4.3 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof

85

10.921 81.6 81.4 -1.3 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

9.166 150.6 150.9 2.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

6.902 125.2 125.4 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

5.694 118.2 118.5 3.6 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

1.218 135.9 135.3 2.7 0.0 0.0 -0.6 -0.4

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi

94

0.580 148.7 148.7 -1.2 0.0 0.0 -0.8 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

0.492 117.7 117.8 10.2 0.3 0.0 -0.4 0.1

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Jul.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Jul.
2023
Aug.
2023
Annual Monthly
Aug.
2022
to
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023
May
2023
to
Jun.
2023
Jun.
2023
to
Jul.
2023
Jul.
2023
to
Aug.
2023

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 144.9 146.0 -3.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.6 0.8

Nonmanufacturing

10.906 245.2 260.5 -16.3 -4.2 -1.0 4.0 6.2

Manufacturing

88.584 136.7 136.8 -1.4 0.1 -0.3 0.1 0.1

Canada

100.000 172.7 176.2 -11.0 -1.9 -0.6 1.8 2.0

Nonmanufacturing

30.746 240.1 256.2 -17.4 -4.5 -1.1 4.0 6.7

Manufacturing

68.363 158.3 158.1 -7.7 -0.6 -0.3 0.8 -0.1

European Union

100.000 156.0 157.0 2.1 0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.6

Manufacturing

99.204 151.7 152.7 2.3 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.7

France (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 151.7 152.6 7.2 0.4 0.4 -0.1 0.6

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 124.8 125.3 0.7 0.4 -0.5 0.0 0.4

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 136.3 136.6 0.1 -0.7 -0.3 0.6 0.2

Latin America(3)

100.000 170.5 169.7 -0.9 -0.6 0.1 0.9 -0.5

Nonmanufacturing

14.089 326.3 334.5 -5.7 -3.1 0.4 5.5 2.5

Manufacturing

85.645 137.8 136.5 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.9

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 146.4 146.9 3.7 -0.1 0.4 2.3 0.3

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

10.182 197.1 199.9 20.0 -0.3 2.6 23.9 1.4

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

89.560 98.7 98.9 2.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)

100.000 102.8 102.9 -1.6 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 101.7 101.8 -2.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 0.1

Japan

100.000 101.3 101.3 1.2 -0.2 0.1 0.4 0.0

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)

100.000 109.6 109.7 -2.0 -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.1

Asian NICs(5)

100.000 95.3 95.8 -3.5 -0.7 0.3 -0.2 0.5

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)

100.000 101.6 101.5 -2.5 -0.8 -0.5 -0.4 -0.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)

100.000 214.0 225.4 -9.5 -4.2 -0.8 2.4 5.3

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
(5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.
(6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
(7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: August 2022 to August 2023 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Jul.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Jul.
2023
Aug.
2023
Annual Monthly
Aug.
2022
to
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023
May
2023
to
Jun.
2023
Jun.
2023
to
Jul.
2023
Jul.
2023
to
Aug.
2023

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 119.5 120.3 -2.3 -1.8 -0.3 1.0 0.7

Nonmanufacturing

12.694 139.5 141.4 -15.7 -9.4 -1.9 8.6 1.4

Manufacturing

85.553 117.5 118.1 0.3 -0.8 0.0 0.1 0.5

Canada

100.000 127.3 128.3 -1.3 -1.7 -0.1 0.6 0.8

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)

7.649 133.4 137.2 -21.5 -5.4 -1.7 5.7 2.8

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)

90.649 119.2 119.9 0.9 -1.5 0.2 0.3 0.6

European Union

100.000 117.9 118.4 -2.1 -1.6 -0.4 1.4 0.4

Nonmanufacturing

15.591 139.0 143.8 -9.6 -8.8 -2.1 6.8 3.5

Manufacturing

82.707 114.2 114.1 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.6 -0.1

Germany

100.000 117.6 117.9 3.1 -0.3 -0.6 1.6 0.3

Latin America(3)

100.000 121.9 125.3 -9.5 -3.4 -0.1 0.6 2.8

Nonmanufacturing

9.312 139.9 140.6 -40.7 -7.5 -1.9 6.1 0.5

Manufacturing

90.043 120.7 124.5 -4.2 -3.0 0.1 0.0 3.1

Mexico

100.000 123.2 125.6 -8.2 -2.1 -0.4 0.9 1.9

Nonmanufacturing

8.139 123.2 121.5 -48.1 -6.5 -3.5 10.5 -1.4

Manufacturing

91.220 124.2 127.1 -1.8 -1.7 -0.1 0.2 2.3

Pacific Rim(4)

100.000 113.3 113.5 -6.2 -2.1 -0.9 0.3 0.2

Nonmanufacturing

21.399 122.0 123.0 -17.8 -8.1 -3.0 3.7 0.8

Manufacturing

77.525 112.9 112.8 -1.5 -0.5 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1

China

100.000 109.3 109.0 -7.9 -2.1 -1.6 1.3 -0.3

Nonmanufacturing

28.169 112.8 112.4 -18.2 -6.4 -3.8 4.5 -0.4

Manufacturing

70.757 110.4 110.1 -2.4 -0.4 -0.6 0.0 -0.3

Japan

100.000 110.5 110.5 -10.4 -3.1 -0.7 -1.5 0.0

Nonmanufacturing

24.123 119.5 119.9 -28.8 -11.9 -2.1 -1.7 0.3

Manufacturing

74.850 108.4 108.3 -0.7 0.0 0.0 -1.3 -0.1

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: August 2022 to August 2023(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Index Percent change
Jul.
2023
Aug.
2023
Annual Monthly
Aug.
2022
to
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023
May
2023
to
Jun.
2023
Jun.
2023
to
Jul.
2023
Jul.
2023
to
Aug.
2023

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.9 100.9 1.2 -1.4 0.1 0.4 0.0

Canada

96.9 95.7 10.9 0.2 0.5 -1.1 -1.2

European Union

101.7 101.5 -4.1 -1.9 -0.3 1.1 -0.2

Germany

108.5 108.3 2.4 -0.7 -0.1 1.6 -0.2

Latin America(3)

106.5 109.9 -8.7 -2.8 -0.3 -0.3 3.2

Mexico

108.6 110.3 -11.4 -2.0 -0.8 -1.4 1.6

Pacific Rim(4)

108.5 108.5 -4.7 -2.1 -0.6 0.4 0.0

China

107.6 107.2 -5.8 -1.9 -1.2 1.6 -0.4

Japan

104.2 104.2 -11.4 -2.9 -0.8 -1.9 0.0

Footnotes
(1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Jul.
2023(1)
Index Percent change
Jul.
2023
Aug.
2023
Annual Monthly
Aug.
2022
to
Aug.
2023
Apr.
2023
to
May
2023
May
2023
to
Jun.
2023
Jun.
2023
to
Jul.
2023
Jul.
2023
to
Aug.
2023

Air Freight

Import Air Freight

100.000 239.2 210.9 -35.2 -5.2 6.2 -0.8 -11.8

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

23.814 187.3 193.7 -27.1 -2.7 1.5 -13.8 3.4

Asia

75.725 242.2 199.8 -38.6 -5.6 7.5 4.8 -17.5

Export Air Freight

100.000 176.1 185.7 -10.8 -3.8 -2.7 0.6 5.5

Europe (Dec. 2006=100)

25.860 141.3 153.6 -7.1 -4.8 -0.3 2.7 8.7

Asia (Dec. 2011=100)

53.181 138.9 145.5 -12.4 -4.3 -3.2 2.1 4.8

Inbound Air Freight

100.000 166.2 157.9 -34.3 -3.6 2.6 -1.1 -5.0

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

27.643 147.6 156.7 -12.0 -1.1 1.4 -7.8 6.2

Asia

61.096 155.5 138.3 -44.3 -3.2 2.2 3.2 -11.1

Outbound Air Freight

100.000 168.6 173.3 -20.2 -4.9 3.0 -6.4 2.8

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

30.621 172.6 180.8 -8.1 -3.1 -0.1 2.1 4.8

Asia

51.855 175.4 178.8 -26.3 -7.1 5.9 -12.3 1.9

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares

100.000 184.2 158.2 -8.0 8.0 10.0 -9.2 -14.1

Europe

47.228 215.3 175.7 -1.1 14.5 11.6 -11.0 -18.4

Asia

5.930 186.2 165.8 -16.3 6.3 7.6 -6.4 -11.0

Latin America/Caribbean

15.620 158.3 142.6 -4.9 -9.5 6.3 -1.7 -9.9

Export Air Passenger Fares

100.000 206.3 188.1 -6.4 -5.5 9.3 4.2 -8.8

Europe

22.495 271.0 235.8 6.6 5.8 17.8 3.1 -13.0

Asia

11.852 223.2 223.6 -6.1 3.7 6.7 3.9 0.2

Latin America/Caribbean

52.413 201.7 182.2 -8.8 -13.0 7.6 4.3 -9.7

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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Last Modified Date: September 15, 2023