U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until					USDL-23-1975
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 15, 2023

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			   U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - AUGUST 2023

U.S. import prices rose 0.5 percent in August, after ticking up 0.1 percent the previous month, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The August advance was led by higher fuel prices. Prices for U.S. 
exports increased 1.3 percent in August following a 0.5-percent rise in July.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
BLS is seeking feedback on an upcoming methodological change to U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes.
More information is available in the Federal Register Notice at 
www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/11/2023-19486/comment-request. Please share your thoughts 
by emailing ipp_frn@bls.gov.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports advanced 0.5 percent in August, the largest monthly increase since May 
2022. Despite the August increase, U.S. import prices fell 3.0 percent over the past year. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices rose 6.7 percent in August following a 2.2-percent advance in July. The 
August increase was the largest 1-month advance since March 2022. Higher prices for import petroleum and 
for natural gas in August contributed to the overall increase in fuel prices. In spite of the recent rises, prices 
for import fuel declined 19.0 percent over the past 12 months. The price index for import petroleum 
advanced 6.5 percent in August, after increasing 1.9 percent the previous month. Import petroleum prices 
fell 17.6 percent for the year ended in August. Prices for import natural gas rose 19.1 percent in August 
following a 13.7-percent advance in July. Import natural gas prices declined 51.8 percent over the past year. 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports edged down 0.1 percent for the second consecutive 
month in August. Nonfuel import prices have not recorded a monthly increase since February 2023. Lower 
prices in August for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; capital goods; and automotive vehicles more 
than offset higher prices for foods, feeds, and beverages and consumer goods. Nonfuel import prices 
decreased 0.8 percent for the year ended in August.  

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for import foods, feeds, and beverages increased 0.7 percent 
in August following a 2.4-percent advance the previous month. Higher prices for feedstuff and foodgrains in 
August led the increase.  

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 0.8 percent 
in August, after decreasing 1.4 percent in July. The August decline was driven by lower prices for chemicals 
and unfinished metals.

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods import categories were mixed in August. Capital goods 
prices declined 0.2 percent, the largest 1-month decrease since the index fell 0.3 percent in November 2019. 
The August decline was led by a 0.8-percent drop in the price index for computers, peripherals, and 
semiconductors. Prices for automotive vehicles edged down 0.1 percent in August following a 0.5-percent 
advance in July. Lower parts prices in August drove the decrease. In contrast, the price index for consumer 
goods ticked up 0.1 percent in August, after declining 0.2 percent the previous month. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2022
August	-1.2	-8.6	-0.2	-1.4	-0.5	-1.4
September	-1.0	-6.3	-0.3	-0.9	-0.8	-0.9
October	-0.3	-2.2	-0.1	-0.5	-0.6	-0.5
November	-0.8	-3.9	-0.3	-0.4	2.8	-0.9
December	0.1	-2.3	0.4	-3.0	-2.4	-3.1
2023
January	-0.4	-4.8	0.2	0.2	-0.8	0.3
February	-0.2	-5.6	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.3
March	-0.8	-4.4	-0.5	-0.4	-1.8	-0.2
April	0.3	4.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.4	-0.1
May	-0.4	-5.0	0.0	-2.1	-2.3	(r)-2.1
June	(r)-0.2	(r)1.1	-0.3	(r)-0.6	-1.5	(r)-0.5
July	(r)0.1	(r)2.2	(r)-0.1	(r)0.5	(r)0.5	0.6
August	0.5	6.7	-0.1	1.3	-2.2	1.7
Aug. 2021 to 2022	7.7	46.4	3.9	11.2	12.0	11.1
Aug. 2022 to 2023	-3.0	-19.0	-0.8	-5.5	-7.8	-5.3
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports advanced 1.3 percent in August, after increasing 0.5 percent the previous month. The 
August rise was the largest 1-month advance since the index increased 2.7 percent in May 2022. Higher 
nonagricultural prices in August more than offset lower agricultural prices. Despite the advance in August, 
U.S. export prices declined 5.5 percent over the past year. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Export agricultural prices decreased 2.2 percent in August following a 0.5-percent 
increase in July. The August decline was driven by lower prices for soybeans, corn, wheat, and nuts. Prices 
for agricultural exports fell 7.8 percent for the year ended in August. Lower prices for corn and soybeans 
were the primary contributors to the 12-month drop in export agricultural prices.    

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports rose 1.7 percent in 
August, after advancing 0.6 percent the previous month. The August increase was the largest monthly 
advance since the index rose 2.7 percent in May 2022. Higher prices in August for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials; capital goods; and automotive vehicles more than offset lower prices for consumer 
goods and nonagricultural foods. In spite of the recent increase, nonagricultural prices fell 5.3 percent from 
August 2022 to August 2023. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials advanced 4.2 percent in August following a 1.1-percent increase in July. The August rise was the 
largest 1-month advance since May 2022 and was driven by higher fuel prices.  

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods export categories were mixed in August. Prices for 
export capital goods ticked up 0.1 percent for the second consecutive month in August. Both the August and 
July increases were led by 0.3-percent advances in industrial and service machinery prices. The price index 
for automotive vehicles rose 0.2 percent in August, after increasing 0.2 percent in July. Higher prices for 
parts and passenger cars in August drove the advance. In contrast, consumer goods prices edged down 0.1 
percent in August, the first monthly drop since a 0.3-percent decrease in November 2022. Lower prices in 
August for nonmanufactured consumer goods led the decline. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China increased 0.1 percent in August following a 0.3-
percent drop the previous month. The August rise was the first monthly advance since the index increased 
0.4 percent in October 2022. Despite the advance, prices for imports from China declined 2.2 percent for the 
year ended in August. Import prices from Japan were unchanged in August, after increasing 0.4 percent in 
July. The price index for imports from Japan rose 1.2 percent from August 2022 to August 2023. Prices for 
imports from Canada advanced 2.0 percent in August, the largest 1-month increase since the index rose 2.6 
percent in May 2022. Import prices from Canada decreased 11.0 percent over the past 12 months. Prices for 
imports from the European Union increased 0.6 percent in August, the largest monthly advance since 
January 2023. The price index for imports from Mexico rose 0.3 percent in August following a 2.3-percent 
increase the previous month. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China declined 0.3 percent in August, after 
increasing 1.3 percent the previous month. Export prices to China fell 7.9 percent for the year ended in 
August. The price index for exports to Japan was unchanged in August and has not recorded a 1-month 
advance since February 2023. Prices for exports to Japan decreased 10.4 percent over the past year. Export 
prices to Mexico rose 1.9 percent in August, the largest monthly advance since the index increased 2.1 
percent in June 2022. Despite the August rise, the price index for exports to Mexico fell 8.2 percent over the 
past 12 months. Prices for exports to Canada and the European Union also increased in August, advancing 
0.8 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China fell 0.4 
percent in August, after increasing 1.6 percent in July. Lower export prices to China and higher import 
prices from China each contributed to the August decline. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China 
decreased 5.8 percent over the past 12 months. U.S. terms of trade with Japan was unchanged in August 
following a 1.9-percent decline in July. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 11.4 percent for the year ended in 
August. The U.S. terms of trade with Canada declined 1.2 percent in August, after decreasing 1.1 percent 
the previous month. U.S. terms of trade with Mexico increased 1.6 percent in August and U.S. terms of 
trade with the European Union decreased 0.2 percent over the same period. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares decreased 14.1 percent in August, after declining 9.2 
percent in July. The August drop was the largest 1-month decrease since January 2022 and was led by lower 
European fares. Asian and Latin American/Caribbean fares also declined in August. Import air passenger 
fares fell 8.0 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month decrease since February 2021. Prices for 
import air freight declined 11.8 percent in August following a 0.8-percent drop the previous month. The 
August decrease was the largest monthly decline since January 2023 and was driven by lower Asian air 
freight prices. Import air freight prices fell 35.2 percent for the year ended in August. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 8.8 percent in August, after increasing 4.2 percent the previous 
month. Lower European and Latin American/Caribbean fares in August more than offset higher Asian fares. 
Export air passenger fares fell 6.4 percent from August 2022 to August 2023, the first 12-month decrease 
since the index declined 1.0 percent for the year ended November 2021. Export air freight prices rose 5.5 
percent in August following a 0.6-percent advance in July. The August increase was the largest 1-month rise 
since February 2022. Prices for export air freight fell 10.8 percent over the past 12 months.  

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for September 2023 are scheduled for release on Friday, 
October 13, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jul. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2023	Aug. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023
All commodities		100.000	139.6	140.3	-3.0	-0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.5
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.793	108.0	107.8	-1.3	0.0	-0.4	-0.2	-0.2
All imports excluding petroleum		91.511	123.5	123.5	-1.1	-0.2	-0.3	0.0	0.0
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		91.003	127.4	127.3	-0.8	0.0	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	7.210	213.9	215.5	5.0	-0.9	-0.2	2.4	0.7
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.790	237.8	239.6	6.9	-0.8	0.2	3.2	0.8
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.420	157.3	158.3	-2.2	-0.9	-1.7	-0.3	0.6
Industrial supplies & materials	1	24.502	241.7	246.5	-12.2	-1.9	-0.4	-0.1	2.0
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		16.124	200.5	199.6	-9.7	-0.7	-1.2	-1.1	-0.4
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		15.519	224.7	222.9	-7.9	-0.2	-1.2	-1.4	-0.8
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.770	218.3	217.1	-6.2	0.1	-1.9	-1.4	-0.5
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		6.244	179.9	179.5	-14.4	-1.8	-0.2	-0.6	-0.2
Fuels & lubricants	10	8.997	278.6	297.3	-19.0	-5.0	1.1	2.2	6.7
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	8.489	300.2	319.7	-17.6	-4.5	1.2	1.9	6.5
Crude petroleum	10000	5.409	310.6	327.1	-14.7	-3.3	-0.5	5.1	5.3
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.374	154.0	174.8	-44.9	-17.6	-1.3	9.3	13.5
Natural gas	10110	0.265	127.2	151.5	-51.8	-23.9	-1.5	13.7	19.1
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.541	143.6	140.7	-5.1	0.9	3.3	-1.5	-2.0
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	5.194	196.4	194.2	-11.5	-0.7	-0.5	-1.3	-1.1
Selected building materials	13	1.753	190.7	191.3	-8.6	0.4	-0.6	1.7	0.3
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.891	319.2	314.6	-10.8	0.2	-3.4	-3.5	-1.4
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	2.349	217.4	217.0	1.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.6	-0.2
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.776	123.9	124.0	-4.0	-0.5	-1.9	-0.6	0.1
Capital goods	2	27.900	93.6	93.4	0.5	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
Electric generating equipment	20	3.749	129.2	129.9	0.3	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	0.5
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.733	84.5	84.3	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.419	154.1	154.3	6.9	0.3	0.1	0.7	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	12.931	118.5	118.4	1.7	0.3	-0.1	0.5	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.457	109.9	110.0	-0.3	0.1	-0.3	-0.2	0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.841	125.1	125.1	0.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.3	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	13.652	95.4	95.6	-0.3	0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	0.963	123.9	123.2	-5.9	0.0	-2.2	-2.1	-0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Jul. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2023	Aug. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023
All commodities		100.000	147.7	149.6	-5.5	-2.1	-0.6	0.5	1.3
Agricultural commodities		11.005	240.9	235.6	-7.8	-2.3	-1.5	0.5	-2.2
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		73.700	113.7	113.9	-1.0	-0.1	-0.5	-0.5	0.2
All exports excluding fuels (June 2022=100)		83.808	98.9	98.8	-0.7	-0.4	-0.6	-0.3	-0.1
Nonagricultural commodities		88.995	140.6	143.0	-5.3	-2.1	-0.5	0.6	1.7
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	10.108	243.5	237.4	-7.7	-2.3	-1.5	0.6	-2.5
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	9.721	246.1	239.8	-7.4	-2.4	-1.5	0.7	-2.6
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.387	194.5	192.0	-13.8	-0.6	-2.6	-3.1	-1.3
Industrial supplies & materials	1	37.495	195.6	203.5	-13.3	-4.9	-1.5	1.1	4.0
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.829	208.3	208.8	-2.5	-0.6	-1.8	-1.7	0.2
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		26.666	188.1	198.6	-16.4	-6.7	-1.3	2.2	5.6
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.252	215.7	217.1	-10.4	-1.9	-1.5	-1.2	0.6
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		36.243	195.0	203.1	-13.4	-5.0	-1.4	1.1	4.2
Fuels & lubricants	11	16.192	237.2	257.4	-18.9	-10.6	-0.6	5.8	8.5
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.249	189.1	190.3	-7.4	-0.5	-2.1	-2.4	0.6
Selected building materials	13	0.802	146.0	148.1	-10.6	-0.3	-1.2	-0.5	1.4
Capital goods	2	31.147	121.4	121.5	2.1	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.1
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.479	137.7	137.4	3.3	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.730	101.4	101.6	0.9	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	4.937	211.8	212.1	7.4	0.1	2.2	0.2	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	8.276	124.1	124.3	2.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.974	119.8	119.7	2.5	0.3	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.856	111.1	111.1	1.8	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	4.854	120.1	120.1	4.4	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.264	129.5	128.2	-1.0	-0.1	-0.8	-0.7	-1.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2022 to August 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jul. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2023	Aug. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		8.292	146.9	153.8	-12.1	-4.1	-0.8	4.6	4.7
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.227	220.6	222.6	7.7	-2.0	-0.8	5.6	0.9
Crop production	111	1.780	229.2	231.4	6.4	-2.2	-0.7	5.9	1.0
Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)	112	0.273	115.7	118.2	-	0.9	-1.2	5.8	2.2
Mining	21	6.065	141.1	149.7	-17.3	-4.9	-0.8	4.1	6.1
Oil and gas extraction	211	5.801	139.7	148.3	-18.1	-4.5	-0.7	5.2	6.2
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2022=100)	212	0.265	105.7	110.0	-	-11.6	-1.7	-14.5	4.1
Manufacturing		91.377	122.0	122.1	-2.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.446	138.6	139.0	1.0	0.1	-0.3	-0.2	0.3
Food manufacturing	311	4.241	187.5	188.5	1.9	0.0	-0.5	-0.4	0.5
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.185	140.3	141.0	4.9	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.5
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.219	118.9	118.7	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.377	127.0	127.0	-0.6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	19.847	142.3	143.6	-8.1	-0.9	0.5	-0.9	0.9
Paper manufacturing	322	0.984	124.2	123.1	-3.7	0.3	1.5	-0.7	-0.9
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.922	134.7	146.0	-20.4	-6.6	4.8	-3.0	8.4
Chemical manufacturing	325	11.110	150.1	149.4	-6.6	0.0	-0.3	-0.9	-0.5
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.649	133.7	133.7	0.2	0.6	-0.1	-0.3	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.081	146.3	146.0	2.7	0.6	-0.8	-0.2	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	60.084	112.6	112.4	-0.3	0.1	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.760	221.0	218.7	-6.7	0.4	-2.8	-2.1	-1.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.319	148.3	147.8	-2.8	-0.2	-0.3	-0.5	-0.3
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.765	132.0	132.0	3.1	0.3	-0.2	0.2	0.0
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.785	72.6	72.5	-1.8	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	6.006	127.8	127.9	0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	13.156	117.6	117.6	2.2	0.3	-0.1	0.6	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	2.026	129.4	128.8	-0.5	0.3	0.2	0.0	-0.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	6.266	127.9	128.1	0.8	0.5	-0.2	-0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2022 to August 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Jul. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2023	Aug. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		14.856	176.3	179.1	-22.1	-7.4	-2.0	4.9	1.6
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.489	206.3	197.2	-14.2	-3.8	-2.9	1.8	-4.4
Crop production	111	5.173	219.0	208.7	-14.8	-3.8	-3.0	1.8	-4.7
Mining	21	9.367	106.7	112.2	-26.0	-9.5	-1.5	6.8	5.2
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	8.005	94.1	100.3	-27.7	-10.0	-0.2	8.0	6.6
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.362	137.8	132.8	-8.9	-6.8	-7.0	-0.3	-3.6
Manufacturing		83.503	133.1	134.8	-2.0	-1.2	-0.2	-0.2	1.3
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.970	172.7	172.7	-3.1	-0.7	-0.2	-0.7	0.0
Food manufacturing	311	5.160	203.9	204.1	-3.4	-0.9	0.0	-0.6	0.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.521	139.9	140.6	-3.0	-1.3	-2.6	-3.2	0.5
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.855	134.1	139.6	-7.1	-3.4	-0.7	-0.1	4.1
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.402	113.7	114.2	-14.8	-0.3	-1.6	-0.8	0.4
Paper manufacturing	322	1.520	140.8	139.6	-10.9	-2.5	-5.7	2.1	-0.9
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.400	145.4	167.0	-8.6	-12.7	0.4	2.8	14.9
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.261	132.0	132.9	-6.9	0.1	-0.7	-1.7	0.7
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.299	133.6	133.8	1.7	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.777	133.0	136.1	0.8	0.2	0.2	1.2	2.3
Manufacturing, part 3	33	50.678	128.8	128.8	1.3	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.267	200.6	199.9	-6.8	-0.4	-1.8	-2.2	-0.3
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.612	149.6	150.2	4.7	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.876	83.0	82.9	-2.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.614	136.2	136.0	3.7	0.2	-0.1	0.3	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	12.235	144.1	144.3	4.1	0.1	0.8	0.2	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.004	139.3	138.9	3.5	0.4	0.4	0.1	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Jul. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2023	Aug. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	1.575	236.6	240.1	3.9	0.0	-0.9	1.0	1.5
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.423	335.2	334.9	0.0	2.3	1.4	2.8	-0.1
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.781	150.2	152.2	-3.0	-1.8	-3.1	-1.1	1.3
Vegetable products	II	2.236	256.1	258.5	6.4	-1.7	-0.8	4.2	0.9
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.590	526.9	522.3	16.5	5.2	-1.3	10.5	-0.9
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.799	126.5	127.1	9.1	-7.4	0.7	9.0	0.5
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.380	293.2	297.9	-7.0	-0.7	-0.7	-2.7	1.6
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.373	143.4	149.3	-1.3	-1.2	-1.2	-0.9	4.1
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.398	196.3	197.0	5.1	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.4
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.214	114.4	114.8	6.9	0.5	-0.4	0.5	0.3
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.250	123.7	125.0	22.3	-2.8	2.3	2.1	1.1
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2022=100)	21	0.393	97.7	97.8	-	0.5	0.4	-0.5	0.1
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.116	154.0	154.8	4.9	0.2	-0.1	0.3	0.5
Mineral products	V	9.106	285.7	304.8	-18.4	-5.5	1.0	1.7	6.7
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.772	278.9	298.3	-19.0	-5.3	1.2	2.3	7.0
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.527	170.8	171.5	-3.8	0.2	-0.5	-0.9	0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.619	509.0	493.0	-8.2	0.0	-0.2	-1.8	-3.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.366	143.1	142.5	-5.7	0.5	-1.3	-1.0	-0.4
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.251	147.4	147.4	-0.3	0.1	-0.1	-0.7	0.0
Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100)	31	0.337	62.8	74.2	-	-4.0	-1.2	-6.0	18.2
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)	32	0.204	101.0	101.4	-	2.2	-0.9	-1.0	0.4
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.821	118.7	118.1	-0.5	0.3	-1.2	-1.2	-0.5
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.158	157.5	154.8	-4.2	-0.1	0.2	-0.6	-1.7
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.700	156.8	153.0	-7.3	-0.5	0.1	-0.8	-2.4
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.458	162.2	161.4	2.3	0.6	0.2	-0.1	-0.5
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.983	130.8	129.5	-4.1	0.6	2.0	-0.9	-1.0
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.439	120.6	120.6	0.0	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.220	126.6	126.6	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.209	127.0	126.8	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	-0.2
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	0.958	123.9	123.7	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2	-0.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.942	138.3	138.2	2.8	0.5	-0.4	-0.2	-0.1
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.345	102.9	102.9	0.6	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.332	109.0	108.3	6.8	0.5	-0.5	-0.4	-0.6
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.181	223.1	225.4	-2.8	1.6	-2.4	-3.9	1.0
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.272	233.6	230.8	-4.6	-0.5	-1.1	-0.3	-1.2
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.860	203.1	200.9	-3.0	-0.9	-1.3	0.0	-1.1
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.527	370.7	380.4	8.7	-2.5	-2.0	-0.2	2.6
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.062	190.0	186.3	-5.1	-0.3	-0.7	-0.1	-1.9
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.448	132.6	133.2	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.5
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.544	147.2	146.8	-4.1	-0.3	-0.5	-0.1	-0.3
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.003	82.6	82.6	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.318	89.7	89.7	0.4	0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.685	75.9	75.9	-0.7	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	10.949	122.3	122.1	1.9	0.2	-0.1	0.7	-0.2
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	10.319	121.3	121.1	1.7	0.2	0.0	0.6	-0.2
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.519	108.7	108.8	4.9	0.0	-0.3	0.6	0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.165	108.2	108.5	3.0	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.871	103.8	103.9	2.6	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.850	120.1	120.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.765	127.7	127.2	-0.9	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.4
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.783	106.0	106.7	0.3	0.3	-0.2	-0.5	0.7
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.302	147.6	148.0	9.2	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Jul. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Jul. 2023	Aug. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	2.066	257.9	257.4	-9.5	-0.3	-0.9	-1.2	-0.2
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.360	220.4	222.2	-2.2	1.3	0.6	0.4	0.8
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100)	03	0.241	80.7	78.6	-	-0.9	-3.9	-4.6	-2.6
Vegetable products	II	5.250	274.2	260.3	-13.6	-4.0	-2.9	1.7	-5.1
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.795	131.9	129.2	-5.7	3.2	-3.7	-4.1	-2.0
Cereals	10	1.790	288.9	268.5	-19.5	-6.9	-0.6	-4.1	-7.1
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.120	308.8	290.3	-12.1	-3.8	-6.0	10.5	-6.0
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.049	186.3	186.8	2.2	-0.8	0.2	-0.9	0.3
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.691	118.9	119.6	10.5	0.3	0.8	0.4	0.6
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.477	109.3	109.7	1.3	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.4
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.744	290.1	289.0	-10.4	-3.6	-1.9	-4.7	-0.4
Mineral products	V	15.827	282.2	307.6	-19.4	-10.8	-0.7	5.3	9.0
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.462	121.9	126.1	-1.4	-5.3	-4.9	-7.2	3.4
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	15.142	270.5	295.7	-20.1	-11.1	-0.5	5.7	9.3
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	12.860	161.5	163.0	-2.8	0.2	-0.4	-1.1	0.9
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.518	108.8	109.0	3.1	0.6	0.0	0.4	0.2
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.878	148.9	148.5	5.5	0.0	0.1	-0.3	-0.3
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.489	139.0	139.0	2.3	0.2	0.7	0.7	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.325	192.5	192.7	2.9	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.554	156.3	156.4	-7.7	-0.2	-0.9	-1.1	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	3.748	153.1	153.1	-9.5	-0.3	-1.0	-1.5	0.0
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.807	169.9	170.3	2.0	0.4	-0.4	0.8	0.2
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.460	104.4	105.8	-18.6	-0.9	-2.7	-1.5	1.3
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.662	140.5	140.4	-11.9	-2.6	-4.8	2.1	-0.1
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.447	132.8	130.7	-31.6	-6.6	-14.8	6.9	-1.6
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.973	145.6	146.5	-0.9	-1.2	-1.0	0.6	0.6
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.494	158.2	163.1	-18.2	-1.7	0.3	-0.6	3.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.760	149.0	151.8	3.0	0.1	0.2	1.4	1.9
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.470	114.3	114.3	2.9	0.1	0.1	2.8	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.561	309.9	308.4	-4.0	0.3	-2.1	-2.7	-0.5
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.528	209.7	209.2	0.5	-0.9	-1.2	-0.2	-0.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.585	258.2	265.5	9.8	-2.9	-2.2	0.2	2.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.665	142.1	141.6	-2.9	-0.3	-1.2	-2.7	-0.4
Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec. 2022=100)	83	0.326	103.6	103.6	-	0.2	0.1	1.8	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	26.138	106.6	106.6	1.9	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.217	130.6	130.8	4.3	0.0	0.8	0.1	0.2
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.921	81.6	81.4	-1.3	-0.2	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	9.166	150.6	150.9	2.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	6.902	125.2	125.4	1.0	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.694	118.2	118.5	3.6	0.3	0.2	0.6	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.218	135.9	135.3	2.7	0.0	0.0	-0.6	-0.4
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi	94	0.580	148.7	148.7	-1.2	0.0	0.0	-0.8	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.492	117.7	117.8	10.2	0.3	0.0	-0.4	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2023	Aug. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	144.9	146.0	-3.4	-0.4	-0.4	0.6	0.8
Nonmanufacturing	10.906	245.2	260.5	-16.3	-4.2	-1.0	4.0	6.2
Manufacturing	88.584	136.7	136.8	-1.4	0.1	-0.3	0.1	0.1
Canada	100.000	172.7	176.2	-11.0	-1.9	-0.6	1.8	2.0
Nonmanufacturing	30.746	240.1	256.2	-17.4	-4.5	-1.1	4.0	6.7
Manufacturing	68.363	158.3	158.1	-7.7	-0.6	-0.3	0.8	-0.1
European Union	100.000	156.0	157.0	2.1	0.3	-0.1	0.3	0.6
Manufacturing	99.204	151.7	152.7	2.3	0.3	-0.1	0.2	0.7
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	151.7	152.6	7.2	0.4	0.4	-0.1	0.6
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	124.8	125.3	0.7	0.4	-0.5	0.0	0.4
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	136.3	136.6	0.1	-0.7	-0.3	0.6	0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	170.5	169.7	-0.9	-0.6	0.1	0.9	-0.5
Nonmanufacturing	14.089	326.3	334.5	-5.7	-3.1	0.4	5.5	2.5
Manufacturing	85.645	137.8	136.5	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.9
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	146.4	146.9	3.7	-0.1	0.4	2.3	0.3
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	10.182	197.1	199.9	20.0	-0.3	2.6	23.9	1.4
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	89.560	98.7	98.9	2.4	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	102.8	102.9	-1.6	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	101.7	101.8	-2.2	-0.3	-0.4	-0.3	0.1
Japan	100.000	101.3	101.3	1.2	-0.2	0.1	0.4	0.0
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	109.6	109.7	-2.0	-0.5	-0.2	-0.2	0.1
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	95.3	95.8	-3.5	-0.7	0.3	-0.2	0.5
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	101.6	101.5	-2.5	-0.8	-0.5	-0.4	-0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	214.0	225.4	-9.5	-4.2	-0.8	2.4	5.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: August 2022 to August 2023 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2023	Aug. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	119.5	120.3	-2.3	-1.8	-0.3	1.0	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	12.694	139.5	141.4	-15.7	-9.4	-1.9	8.6	1.4
Manufacturing	85.553	117.5	118.1	0.3	-0.8	0.0	0.1	0.5
Canada	100.000	127.3	128.3	-1.3	-1.7	-0.1	0.6	0.8
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	7.649	133.4	137.2	-21.5	-5.4	-1.7	5.7	2.8
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	90.649	119.2	119.9	0.9	-1.5	0.2	0.3	0.6
European Union	100.000	117.9	118.4	-2.1	-1.6	-0.4	1.4	0.4
Nonmanufacturing	15.591	139.0	143.8	-9.6	-8.8	-2.1	6.8	3.5
Manufacturing	82.707	114.2	114.1	0.0	-0.4	0.0	0.6	-0.1
Germany	100.000	117.6	117.9	3.1	-0.3	-0.6	1.6	0.3
Latin America(3)	100.000	121.9	125.3	-9.5	-3.4	-0.1	0.6	2.8
Nonmanufacturing	9.312	139.9	140.6	-40.7	-7.5	-1.9	6.1	0.5
Manufacturing	90.043	120.7	124.5	-4.2	-3.0	0.1	0.0	3.1
Mexico	100.000	123.2	125.6	-8.2	-2.1	-0.4	0.9	1.9
Nonmanufacturing	8.139	123.2	121.5	-48.1	-6.5	-3.5	10.5	-1.4
Manufacturing	91.220	124.2	127.1	-1.8	-1.7	-0.1	0.2	2.3
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	113.3	113.5	-6.2	-2.1	-0.9	0.3	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	21.399	122.0	123.0	-17.8	-8.1	-3.0	3.7	0.8
Manufacturing	77.525	112.9	112.8	-1.5	-0.5	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1
China	100.000	109.3	109.0	-7.9	-2.1	-1.6	1.3	-0.3
Nonmanufacturing	28.169	112.8	112.4	-18.2	-6.4	-3.8	4.5	-0.4
Manufacturing	70.757	110.4	110.1	-2.4	-0.4	-0.6	0.0	-0.3
Japan	100.000	110.5	110.5	-10.4	-3.1	-0.7	-1.5	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	24.123	119.5	119.9	-28.8	-11.9	-2.1	-1.7	0.3
Manufacturing	74.850	108.4	108.3	-0.7	0.0	0.0	-1.3	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: August 2022 to August 2023(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Jul. 2023	Aug. 2023	Annual	Monthly
			Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.9	100.9	1.2	-1.4	0.1	0.4	0.0
Canada	96.9	95.7	10.9	0.2	0.5	-1.1	-1.2
European Union	101.7	101.5	-4.1	-1.9	-0.3	1.1	-0.2
Germany	108.5	108.3	2.4	-0.7	-0.1	1.6	-0.2
Latin America(3)	106.5	109.9	-8.7	-2.8	-0.3	-0.3	3.2
Mexico	108.6	110.3	-11.4	-2.0	-0.8	-1.4	1.6
Pacific Rim(4)	108.5	108.5	-4.7	-2.1	-0.6	0.4	0.0
China	107.6	107.2	-5.8	-1.9	-1.2	1.6	-0.4
Japan	104.2	104.2	-11.4	-2.9	-0.8	-1.9	0.0
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: August 2022 to August 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Jul. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Jul. 2023	Aug. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023	Apr. 2023 to May 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	239.2	210.9	-35.2	-5.2	6.2	-0.8	-11.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.814	187.3	193.7	-27.1	-2.7	1.5	-13.8	3.4
Asia	75.725	242.2	199.8	-38.6	-5.6	7.5	4.8	-17.5
Export Air Freight	100.000	176.1	185.7	-10.8	-3.8	-2.7	0.6	5.5
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	25.860	141.3	153.6	-7.1	-4.8	-0.3	2.7	8.7
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	53.181	138.9	145.5	-12.4	-4.3	-3.2	2.1	4.8
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	166.2	157.9	-34.3	-3.6	2.6	-1.1	-5.0
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.643	147.6	156.7	-12.0	-1.1	1.4	-7.8	6.2
Asia	61.096	155.5	138.3	-44.3	-3.2	2.2	3.2	-11.1
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	168.6	173.3	-20.2	-4.9	3.0	-6.4	2.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	30.621	172.6	180.8	-8.1	-3.1	-0.1	2.1	4.8
Asia	51.855	175.4	178.8	-26.3	-7.1	5.9	-12.3	1.9
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	184.2	158.2	-8.0	8.0	10.0	-9.2	-14.1
Europe	47.228	215.3	175.7	-1.1	14.5	11.6	-11.0	-18.4
Asia	5.930	186.2	165.8	-16.3	6.3	7.6	-6.4	-11.0
Latin America/Caribbean	15.620	158.3	142.6	-4.9	-9.5	6.3	-1.7	-9.9
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	206.3	188.1	-6.4	-5.5	9.3	4.2	-8.8
Europe	22.495	271.0	235.8	6.6	5.8	17.8	3.1	-13.0
Asia	11.852	223.2	223.6	-6.1	3.7	6.7	3.9	0.2
Latin America/Caribbean	52.413	201.7	182.2	-8.8	-13.0	7.6	4.3	-9.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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