U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until					USDL-23-2187
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 13, 2023

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                          U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - SEPTEMBER 2023

Prices for U.S. imports ticked up 0.1 percent in September following a 0.6-percent advance the previous 
month, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Higher fuel prices drove the September increase. 
U.S. export prices rose 0.7 percent in September, after advancing 1.1 percent in August.

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports increased 0.1 percent in September as higher fuel prices more than offset 
lower nonfuel prices. U.S. import prices last declined on a monthly basis in June, and advanced 0.9 percent 
in the third quarter of 2023. Despite the recent increases, prices for U.S. imports declined 1.7 percent for the 
year ended in September. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices advanced 4.4 percent in September, after rising 8.8 percent in August. The 
index has not recorded a 1-month decline since May 2023. Higher prices for petroleum in September more 
than offset a drop in natural gas prices. In spite of the recent increases, import fuel prices decreased 8.9 
percent for the year ended in September. Prices for import petroleum rose 4.9 percent in September 
following a 9.0-percent increase the previous month. Import petroleum prices fell 6.6 percent over the past 
12 months. In contrast, the price index for import natural gas declined 7.8 percent, after advances of 13.4 
percent in August and 13.7 percent in July. Prices for natural gas decreased 53.8 percent from September 
2022 to September 2023.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports decreased 0.2 percent for the second consecutive 
month in September. Lower prices in September for foods, feeds, and beverages; nonfuel industrial supplies 
and materials; capital goods; and automotive vehicles all contributed to the September decline in nonfuel 
import prices. Nonfuel import prices fell 0.8 percent over the past year.  

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for import foods, feeds, and beverages declined 1.3 percent 
in September, the largest monthly drop since the index fell 1.5 percent in August 2022. The decline was 
driven by lower fruit prices.   

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials fell 0.5 
percent in September led by lower prices for unfinished metals, paper, and selected building materials. 
Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices have not risen on a monthly basis since February 2023.    

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major import finished goods categories declined in September. 
Capital goods prices declined 0.1 percent for the second consecutive month. The September decrease was 
driven by lower prices for oil drilling, mining, and construction machinery and equipment. Prices for import 
automotive vehicles edged down 0.1 percent in September, after being unchanged the previous month. The 
decline was led by lower prices for parts, engines, bodies, and chassis. The price index for import consumer 
goods was unchanged in September.     

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2022
September	-1.0	-6.3	-0.3	-0.9	-0.8	-0.9
October	-0.3	-2.2	-0.1	-0.5	-0.6	-0.5
November	-0.8	-3.9	-0.3	-0.4	2.8	-0.9
December	0.1	-2.3	0.4	-3.0	-2.4	-3.1
2023
January	-0.4	-4.8	0.2	0.2	-0.8	0.3
February	-0.2	-5.6	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.3
March	-0.8	-4.4	-0.5	-0.4	-1.8	-0.2
April	0.3	4.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.4	-0.1
May	-0.4	-5.0	0.0	-2.1	-2.3	-2.1
June	-0.2	1.1	-0.3	-0.6	(r)-1.4	-0.5
July	0.1	(r)1.2	-0.1	(r)0.4	0.5	(r)0.4
August	(r)0.6	(r)8.8	(r)-0.2	(r)1.1	(r)-2.1	(r)1.5
September	0.1	4.4	-0.2	0.7	-1.1	1.0
Sept. 2021 to 2022	6.1	32.5	3.5	9.8	12.7	9.5
Sept. 2022 to 2023	-1.7	-8.9	-0.8	-4.1	-7.8	-3.8
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices rose 0.7 percent in September following a 1.1-percent increase in August. Higher prices 
for nonagricultural exports in September more than offset lower agricultural prices. Despite the recent 
advances, prices for U.S. exports decreased 4.1 percent over the past year. The 12-month drop in September 
was the smallest over-the-year decline since February 2023. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports fell 1.1 percent in September, after 
decreasing 2.1 percent the previous month. Lower prices in September for soybeans, corn, wheat, and meat 
all contributed to the decline in agricultural export prices. Prices for agricultural exports fell 7.8 percent 
from September 2022 to September 2023.    

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports rose 1.0 percent in September 
following a 1.5-percent increase the previous month. Higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials, automotive vehicles, and capital goods in September offset lower prices for consumer goods 
and nonagricultural food. Despite the recent increases, nonagricultural export prices declined 3.8 percent for 
the year ended in September. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
advanced 2.2 percent in September and 6.8 percent over the past 3 months. The increases in each of the past 
3 months were driven by higher fuel prices. Export fuel prices advanced 4.8 percent in September, 7.3 
percent in August, and 5.2 percent in July.  

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods export categories were mixed in September. 
Automotive vehicles prices rose 1.0 percent, after advancing 0.3 percent in August. The September increase 
was the largest 1-month rise since January 2023 and was led by higher passenger cars prices. Prices for 
export capital goods ticked up 0.1 percent for the third consecutive month in September. Export capital 
goods prices have not decreased on a monthly basis since November 2022. The September increase was led 
by a 0.9-percent advance in semiconductor prices. In contrast, the price index for export consumer goods 
fell 0.3 percent in September, following a 0.3-percent drop in August.  

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.


Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China fell 0.3 percent in September, after being 
unchanged the previous month. The price index for imports from China has not recorded a monthly increase 
since October 2022. Import prices from China declined 2.6 percent over the past 12 months, the largest 
over-the-year drop since October 2009. Prices for imports from Japan rose 0.1 percent in September 
following a 0.1-percent decline in August. Import prices from Japan advanced 1.0 percent over the past 
year. Prices for imports from Canada increased 0.8 percent in September and 5.6 percent in the third quarter 
of 2023. Despite those advances, prices for imports from Canada fell 6.7 percent for the year ended in 
September. Import prices from the European Union and Mexico decreased in September, falling 0.2 percent 
and 0.1 percent, respectively. Prices for imports from the European Union rose 2.4 percent over the past 
year and prices for imports from Mexico advanced 3.7 percent. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: The price index for exports to China increased 1.0 percent in 
September, after declining 0.6 percent in August. Despite the September rise, prices for exports to China 
decreased 5.3 percent over the past 12 months. Export prices to Japan also rose 1.0 percent in September 
after being unchanged the previous month. The September advance was the first 1-month increase since the 
index rose 1.1 percent in February 2023. Prices for exports to Japan fell 7.5 percent over the past year. The 
price indexes for exports to Canada and Mexico also rose in September, increasing 0.5 percent and 0.2 
percent, respectively. Export prices to the European Union advanced 1.1 percent in September, after 
increasing 0.4 percent in August. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China rose 1.3 
percent in September, after decreasing 0.7 percent in August. Higher export prices to China and lower 
import prices from China each contributed to the advance. U.S. terms of trade with China decreased 2.8 
percent for the year ended in September. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan increased 0.9 percent 
in September, the largest rise since February 2023. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 8.4 percent over the 
past year. In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Canada declined 0.2 percent in September following a 2.8- 
percent drop the previous month. The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with Mexico and the European Union 
rose 0.4 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively, in September. (See table 9.)


Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 9.9 percent in September, after declining 14.1 percent in August 
and 9.2 percent in July. The September upturn was driven by a 17.7-percent advance in European fares. 
Despite the September increase, import air passenger fares decreased 3.4 percent over the past year. The 
price index for import air freight increased in September, advancing 4.3 percent following a 13.9-percent 
decrease the previous month. The September rise was led by higher prices for import freight from Asia. 
Import air freight prices fell 32.8 percent for the year ended in September. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 4.5 percent in September, after decreasing 8.8 percent the 
previous month. Lower Latin American/Caribbean and Asian fares in September more than offset higher 
European fares. The index for export air passenger fares fell 7.2 percent from September 2022 to September 
2023, the largest 12-month drop since an 11.5-percent decline for the year ended July 2020. Prices for 
export air freight decreased 1.8 percent in September following a 2.8-percent increase in August. The 
September decline was driven by a 3.8-percent drop in Asian air freight prices. Export air freight prices fell 
13.9 percent over the past 12 months. 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for October 2023 are scheduled for release on Thursday, 
November 16, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2022 to September 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Aug. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2023	Sep. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2022 to Sep. 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023
All commodities		100.000	140.4	140.6	-1.7	-0.2	0.1	0.6	0.1
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.138	107.7	107.6	-1.1	-0.4	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1
All imports excluding petroleum		90.899	123.4	123.0	-1.2	-0.3	0.0	-0.1	-0.3
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		90.358	127.2	126.9	-0.8	-0.3	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	7.220	215.4	212.5	3.1	-0.1	2.4	0.7	-1.3
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.804	239.7	236.3	5.1	0.3	3.2	0.7	-1.4
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.416	157.8	155.8	-4.5	-1.9	-0.5	0.6	-1.3
Industrial supplies & materials	1	24.921	247.2	250.7	-7.7	-0.4	-0.5	2.6	1.4
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		15.935	199.2	197.9	-9.0	-1.2	-1.1	-0.6	-0.7
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		15.292	222.7	221.6	-7.2	-1.3	-1.3	-0.9	-0.5
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.657	217.0	215.5	-5.3	-1.9	-1.4	-0.6	-0.7
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		6.163	178.7	177.8	-13.9	-0.2	-0.6	-0.7	-0.5
Fuels & lubricants	10	9.642	300.3	313.4	-8.9	1.1	1.2	8.8	4.4
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	9.101	323.6	339.4	-6.6	1.2	0.8	9.0	4.9
Crude petroleum	10000	5.759	332.6	352.1	-1.6	-0.5	3.4	8.9	5.9
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.408	169.0	159.8	-45.8	-1.3	9.3	9.7	-5.4
Natural gas	10110	0.299	144.2	133.0	-53.8	-1.5	13.7	13.4	-7.8
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.525	140.1	136.2	-10.2	3.3	-1.5	-2.4	-2.8
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	5.096	193.8	194.0	-10.6	-0.4	-1.3	-1.4	0.1
Selected building materials	13	1.748	191.1	189.8	-7.1	-0.6	1.7	0.3	-0.7
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.811	314.4	310.6	-9.1	-3.4	-3.5	-1.4	-1.2
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	2.332	217.1	216.5	0.8	-0.1	-0.5	-0.3	-0.3
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.766	123.9	123.5	-3.9	-1.9	-0.5	-0.1	-0.3
Capital goods	2	27.715	93.5	93.4	0.6	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.745	129.8	130.1	0.9	-0.2	-0.2	0.5	0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.560	84.3	84.2	0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.410	154.1	154.2	6.4	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	12.858	118.5	118.4	1.6	-0.1	0.5	0.0	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.286	109.8	109.8	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.763	125.0	125.0	0.2	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	13.572	95.3	95.2	-0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	0.952	123.0	123.1	-5.4	-2.2	-2.1	-0.7	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2022 to September 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Aug. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2023	Sep. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2022 to Sep. 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023
All commodities		100.000	149.2	150.3	-4.1	-0.6	0.4	1.1	0.7
Agricultural commodities		10.676	236.1	233.5	-7.8	-1.4	0.5	-2.1	-1.1
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		73.114	113.9	114.0	-0.3	-0.5	-0.5	0.2	0.1
All exports excluding fuels (June 2022=100)		82.880	98.8	98.8	-0.2	-0.6	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Nonagricultural commodities		89.324	142.5	143.9	-3.8	-0.5	0.4	1.5	1.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.766	237.6	234.1	-8.3	-1.5	0.6	-2.5	-1.5
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	9.387	240.0	236.6	-7.9	-1.5	0.7	-2.5	-1.4
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.378	192.0	186.8	-17.2	-2.6	-3.1	-1.3	-2.7
Industrial supplies & materials	1	38.348	202.0	206.4	-10.2	-1.4	0.8	3.5	2.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.726	208.4	208.2	-1.9	-1.8	-1.7	0.0	-0.1
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		27.623	196.8	202.8	-12.7	-1.3	2.0	4.9	3.0
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.257	218.9	222.1	-7.1	-1.3	-1.0	1.0	1.5
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		37.091	201.5	206.0	-10.3	-1.4	0.9	3.5	2.2
Fuels & lubricants	11	17.120	253.3	265.5	-14.6	-0.6	5.2	7.3	4.8
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.169	190.2	190.1	-5.7	-2.1	-2.4	0.5	-0.1
Selected building materials	13	0.801	147.3	148.3	-7.1	-1.2	-0.4	0.8	0.7
Capital goods	2	30.847	121.5	121.6	2.0	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.441	137.6	137.7	3.4	-0.1	0.3	-0.2	0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.532	101.6	101.7	0.9	-0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	4.874	211.2	211.6	7.0	2.0	0.1	0.0	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	8.222	124.5	125.8	3.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	1.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.817	119.5	119.2	2.1	0.1	0.0	-0.3	-0.3
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.771	110.9	110.5	1.4	0.0	0.1	-0.2	-0.4
Durables, manufactured	41	4.806	120.1	120.0	4.0	0.4	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.239	128.2	127.2	-1.0	-0.8	-0.7	-1.0	-0.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2022 to September 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Aug. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2023	Sep. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2022 to Sep. 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		8.712	155.2	160.7	-3.1	-0.8	3.4	6.8	3.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.235	222.7	221.0	6.2	-0.8	5.6	1.0	-0.8
Crop production	111	1.788	231.5	229.5	5.0	-0.7	6.0	1.0	-0.9
Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)	112	0.277	118.2	115.9	-	-1.2	5.8	2.2	-1.9
Mining	21	6.476	151.6	159.2	-5.7	-0.8	2.7	9.0	5.0
Oil and gas extraction	211	6.202	150.3	158.1	-6.3	-0.7	3.6	9.2	5.2
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2022=100)	212	0.274	110.3	111.4	-	-1.7	-14.4	4.3	1.0
Manufacturing		90.960	122.1	122.0	-1.5	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.401	138.9	137.8	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	-0.8
Food manufacturing	311	4.235	188.3	184.3	-0.7	-0.4	-0.4	0.3	-2.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.184	141.0	141.8	5.4	0.0	0.3	0.5	0.6
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.194	118.7	118.6	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.369	127.0	127.2	-0.6	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	19.918	143.6	144.2	-6.4	0.5	-0.9	0.9	0.4
Paper manufacturing	322	0.966	122.6	120.4	-7.1	1.5	-0.7	-1.3	-1.8
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	3.166	146.8	151.5	-13.4	4.8	-3.1	9.1	3.2
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.983	149.3	149.4	-5.7	-0.3	-0.9	-0.6	0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.635	133.8	133.8	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.073	145.9	145.3	2.6	-0.8	-0.3	-0.2	-0.4
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.641	112.4	112.2	-0.1	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.682	218.6	215.9	-6.2	-2.8	-2.1	-1.1	-1.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.288	147.8	147.3	-2.5	-0.3	-0.5	-0.3	-0.3
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.722	132.0	132.1	3.3	-0.2	0.2	0.0	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.657	72.5	72.5	-1.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.975	127.9	127.7	0.5	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	13.077	117.6	117.4	1.9	-0.1	0.6	0.0	-0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	2.007	128.9	129.5	0.1	0.2	0.0	-0.4	0.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	6.233	128.0	127.4	0.8	-0.2	-0.3	0.2	-0.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2022 to September 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Aug. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2023	Sep. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2022 to Sep. 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		14.733	176.6	182.5	-18.7	-2.0	4.3	0.7	3.3
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.208	197.7	193.2	-14.3	-2.9	1.9	-4.3	-2.3
Crop production	111	4.888	209.0	203.7	-15.3	-3.0	1.8	-4.6	-2.5
Mining	21	9.525	109.7	116.7	-21.1	-1.5	5.9	3.7	6.4
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	8.225	97.7	104.9	-22.5	-0.2	6.9	4.9	7.4
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.300	132.9	133.0	-7.0	-7.0	-0.1	-3.8	0.1
Manufacturing		83.633	134.7	135.1	-1.2	-0.2	-0.2	1.2	0.3
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.910	173.0	172.9	-2.8	-0.2	-0.7	0.1	-0.1
Food manufacturing	311	5.121	204.4	204.4	-3.2	0.0	-0.6	0.2	0.0
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.518	140.6	140.7	-1.0	-2.6	-3.2	0.5	0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	26.555	139.1	140.2	-5.1	-0.7	-0.1	3.7	0.8
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.401	114.4	116.0	-8.5	-1.6	-0.7	0.5	1.4
Paper manufacturing	322	1.492	139.6	137.9	-11.3	-5.7	2.0	-0.8	-1.2
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	7.228	165.9	170.4	-5.4	0.4	2.8	14.1	2.7
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.190	132.7	132.7	-5.1	-0.7	-1.6	0.5	0.0
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.279	133.8	134.4	2.8	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.4
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.772	133.4	133.2	-1.0	0.2	1.2	0.3	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	50.168	128.8	129.0	1.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.203	199.5	198.0	-6.3	-1.8	-2.2	-0.5	-0.8
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.559	150.3	150.3	4.7	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.0
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.744	83.0	83.2	-2.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.2
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.577	136.2	136.1	3.8	-0.1	0.4	-0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	12.131	144.3	145.5	4.8	0.8	0.1	0.2	0.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.931	138.7	138.4	3.1	0.3	0.1	-0.3	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2022 to September 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Aug. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2023	Sep. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2022 to Sep. 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	1.581	239.1	234.1	0.1	-1.0	0.8	1.4	-2.1
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.421	335.4	324.7	-2.1	1.4	2.8	0.1	-3.2
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.780	151.0	147.9	-7.3	-3.3	-1.6	1.3	-2.1
Vegetable products	II	2.236	257.8	246.3	0.5	-0.8	4.2	0.7	-4.5
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.581	522.3	533.7	6.5	-1.3	10.5	-0.9	2.2
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.798	127.1	119.4	9.2	0.7	9.0	0.5	-6.1
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.384	298.2	291.4	-9.7	-0.7	-2.5	1.5	-2.3
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.386	149.3	145.8	-3.2	-1.2	-0.9	4.1	-2.3
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.394	197.3	197.4	4.8	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.1
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.216	116.4	117.0	10.1	0.7	0.1	1.0	0.5
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.251	125.0	126.2	23.1	2.3	2.1	1.1	1.0
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2022=100)	21	0.391	97.8	97.6	-	0.4	-0.5	0.1	-0.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.114	154.7	155.6	5.5	-0.1	0.3	0.5	0.6
Mineral products	V	9.749	307.8	321.3	-8.6	1.0	0.7	8.8	4.4
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.414	301.3	314.9	-9.0	1.2	1.3	9.1	4.5
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.489	171.3	171.7	-2.9	-0.5	-0.9	0.2	0.2
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.597	493.8	511.5	-6.0	-0.2	-1.8	-3.0	3.6
Organic chemicals	29	2.336	142.1	142.4	-2.7	-1.3	-1.1	-0.6	0.2
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.211	147.2	147.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.7	-0.1	0.0
Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100)	31	0.391	73.4	72.4	-	-1.2	-4.8	15.4	-1.4
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)	32	0.207	102.9	103.0	-	-0.9	-1.0	1.9	0.1
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.814	118.4	118.6	-0.5	-1.2	-1.2	-0.3	0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.061	154.8	154.3	-3.9	0.2	-0.5	-1.8	-0.3
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.617	153.0	152.1	-6.7	0.1	-0.8	-2.4	-0.6
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.444	161.6	161.8	2.0	0.2	-0.1	-0.4	0.1
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.961	128.8	126.4	-7.7	2.0	-1.0	-1.5	-1.9
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.409	120.6	120.4	-0.4	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.212	126.7	126.4	0.0	-0.2	-0.4	0.1	-0.2
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.199	126.8	126.9	0.1	0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	0.971	123.6	123.8	-0.1	0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.934	138.1	137.4	2.4	-0.4	-0.2	-0.1	-0.5
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.343	102.9	102.1	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.8
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.328	108.4	108.0	6.4	-0.5	-0.4	-0.6	-0.4
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.185	224.8	222.8	-1.8	-2.4	-4.0	0.9	-0.9
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.155	230.7	228.1	-4.7	-1.2	-0.2	-1.2	-1.1
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.843	201.0	195.3	-5.0	-1.3	0.0	-1.1	-2.8
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.542	380.6	369.9	5.9	-2.0	0.2	2.2	-2.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.044	186.5	186.5	-2.1	-0.7	-0.1	-1.8	0.0
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.451	133.2	133.0	2.5	0.0	0.4	0.5	-0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.544	146.9	147.0	-3.7	-0.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.791	82.6	82.5	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.232	89.8	89.7	0.6	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.559	75.8	75.7	-0.8	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	10.868	122.2	122.1	1.8	-0.1	0.7	-0.1	-0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	10.242	121.2	121.1	1.6	0.0	0.6	-0.1	-0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.516	108.8	109.1	4.9	-0.3	0.6	0.1	0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.152	108.5	108.6	3.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.853	104.0	104.0	2.7	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.823	120.2	120.1	0.1	0.0	-0.2	0.1	-0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.738	127.3	127.6	-0.5	0.0	0.0	-0.3	0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.784	106.7	106.1	-0.4	-0.2	-0.5	0.7	-0.6
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.301	148.0	148.0	8.7	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2022 to September 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Aug. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2023	Sep. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2022 to Sep. 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	2.046	258.0	258.6	-7.9	-0.8	-1.1	-0.2	0.2
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.307	221.9	218.6	-2.7	0.6	0.4	0.7	-1.5
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100)	03	0.224	78.6	75.5	-	-3.9	-4.6	-2.6	-3.9
Vegetable products	II	4.943	260.8	253.6	-13.7	-2.9	1.8	-4.9	-2.8
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.770	129.1	131.5	1.0	-3.7	-4.1	-2.1	1.9
Cereals	10	1.654	269.6	255.4	-23.5	-0.6	-4.1	-6.8	-5.3
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.977	290.9	280.8	-12.6	-6.0	10.5	-5.8	-3.5
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.022	186.5	185.5	0.2	0.2	-1.0	0.2	-0.5
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.687	119.5	119.0	10.4	0.8	0.4	0.5	-0.4
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.467	108.2	107.3	-0.9	-0.1	-0.7	-0.4	-0.8
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.735	289.6	284.7	-15.6	-1.9	-4.7	-0.2	-1.7
Mineral products	V	16.809	302.8	317.3	-15.2	-0.7	4.7	7.9	4.8
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.469	125.2	122.5	-3.0	-4.9	-7.2	2.7	-2.2
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	16.119	290.9	305.7	-15.6	-0.5	5.2	8.1	5.1
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	12.831	162.8	162.8	-1.8	-0.2	-1.0	0.5	0.0
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.423	108.7	108.4	2.3	0.0	0.4	-0.1	-0.3
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.858	148.5	148.4	5.2	0.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.479	139.0	139.0	2.7	0.7	0.7	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.282	192.7	192.3	4.7	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.516	156.6	157.4	-5.5	-0.9	-1.1	0.1	0.5
Plastics and articles thereof	39	3.716	153.3	154.3	-6.8	-1.0	-1.5	0.1	0.7
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.800	170.3	170.2	1.7	-0.4	0.8	0.2	-0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.462	105.9	107.2	-12.0	-2.7	-1.4	1.3	1.2
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.644	140.4	138.5	-12.5	-4.8	2.0	0.0	-1.4
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.436	130.7	128.9	-31.1	-14.8	6.9	-1.6	-1.4
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.969	146.4	144.0	-3.1	-1.0	0.4	0.7	-1.6
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.562	164.4	168.7	-14.8	0.3	-0.6	3.9	2.6
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.754	149.4	149.4	1.3	0.2	1.4	0.3	0.0
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.465	114.3	114.3	2.8	0.1	2.8	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.492	308.4	305.5	-3.2	-2.1	-2.7	-0.5	-0.9
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.464	208.9	209.7	-0.1	-1.2	-0.3	-0.3	0.4
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.590	263.0	262.7	8.3	-2.2	0.2	1.9	-0.1
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.656	141.6	139.7	-3.8	-1.2	-2.7	-0.4	-1.3
Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec. 2022=100)	83	0.321	103.0	103.0	-	0.1	1.2	0.0	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	25.888	106.7	106.9	1.9	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.080	130.7	130.8	4.1	0.8	0.1	0.1	0.1
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.808	81.6	81.9	-0.8	-0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.4
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	9.088	150.9	152.3	2.9	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.9
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	6.857	125.7	127.2	2.3	0.1	0.3	0.3	1.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.635	118.2	118.1	3.3	0.1	0.5	0.2	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.200	135.3	134.8	1.5	0.0	-0.6	-0.4	-0.4
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi	94	0.575	148.7	147.8	-1.8	0.0	-0.8	0.0	-0.6
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.488	117.8	117.7	7.8	0.0	-0.4	0.1	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: September 2022 to September 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2023	Sep. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Sep. 2022 to Sep. 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	146.4	146.7	-1.5	-0.4	0.4	1.2	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	11.757	267.2	278.3	-3.8	-1.0	3.0	10.0	4.2
Manufacturing	87.692	136.8	136.4	-0.9	-0.3	0.1	0.1	-0.3
Canada	100.000	177.8	179.2	-6.7	-0.6	1.5	3.3	0.8
Nonmanufacturing	32.715	263.2	274.5	-4.7	-1.1	3.0	10.7	4.3
Manufacturing	66.333	158.2	156.9	-7.5	-0.3	0.8	-0.1	-0.8
European Union	100.000	156.8	156.5	2.4	-0.1	0.3	0.5	-0.2
Manufacturing	99.185	152.5	152.2	2.5	-0.1	0.2	0.5	-0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	152.4	151.7	6.4	0.5	-0.1	0.4	-0.5
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	125.1	124.9	0.8	-0.4	-0.1	0.2	-0.2
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	136.2	137.3	2.2	-0.3	0.4	0.1	0.8
Latin America(3)	100.000	170.1	171.0	0.4	0.2	0.9	-0.2	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	14.533	335.9	340.4	-2.2	0.4	4.9	3.4	1.3
Manufacturing	85.174	136.8	137.3	1.1	0.2	0.2	-0.9	0.4
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	147.1	146.9	3.7	0.5	2.3	0.4	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	10.379	201.9	189.0	10.9	2.6	23.9	2.4	-6.4
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	89.338	98.9	99.5	3.2	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.6
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	102.8	102.7	-1.5	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	101.7	101.4	-2.6	-0.4	-0.3	0.0	-0.3
Japan	100.000	101.1	101.2	1.0	0.0	0.4	-0.1	0.1
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	109.7	109.6	-1.4	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	-0.1
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	95.8	95.9	-2.4	0.3	-0.2	0.5	0.1
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	101.5	101.4	-2.0	-0.5	-0.4	-0.1	-0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	223.0	223.8	-6.8	-0.8	2.5	4.1	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: September 2022 to September 2023 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2023	Sep. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Sep. 2022 to Sep. 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	120.3	121.0	-0.7	-0.3	0.9	0.8	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	12.853	142.1	146.7	-9.3	-1.9	7.5	2.8	3.2
Manufacturing	85.379	118.0	118.3	1.0	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.3
Canada	100.000	127.7	128.4	-0.1	-0.1	0.6	0.3	0.5
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	7.768	135.9	138.6	-17.7	-1.7	5.0	2.6	2.0
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	90.514	119.4	119.9	1.8	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.4
European Union	100.000	118.1	119.4	0.3	-0.5	1.2	0.4	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	15.879	141.8	151.8	1.9	-2.1	5.3	3.5	7.1
Manufacturing	82.414	113.9	113.9	0.0	-0.1	0.6	-0.2	0.0
Germany	100.000	117.7	117.9	3.9	-0.6	1.5	0.2	0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	125.3	126.1	-8.2	-0.1	0.6	2.8	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	8.994	138.9	140.1	-41.3	-1.9	5.8	-0.4	0.9
Manufacturing	90.460	124.6	125.4	-2.6	0.1	0.0	3.2	0.6
Mexico	100.000	125.7	125.9	-7.2	-0.4	1.1	1.9	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	7.792	120.3	119.3	-51.2	-3.5	10.5	-2.4	-0.8
Manufacturing	91.681	127.3	127.7	0.2	-0.1	0.2	2.4	0.3
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	113.4	114.1	-4.3	-1.0	0.2	0.3	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	21.462	122.5	125.9	-12.4	-3.0	3.1	1.0	2.8
Manufacturing	77.425	112.8	112.8	-1.0	-0.2	-0.5	0.0	0.0
China	100.000	108.2	109.3	-5.3	-1.7	1.0	-0.6	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	28.025	111.2	113.1	-12.7	-3.8	3.9	-0.8	1.7
Manufacturing	70.862	109.5	110.2	-1.7	-0.8	-0.1	-0.5	0.6
Japan	100.000	110.5	111.6	-7.5	-0.9	-1.3	0.0	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	24.199	119.9	123.4	-22.5	-2.1	-1.8	0.4	2.9
Manufacturing	74.728	108.2	108.6	0.2	-0.3	-0.9	-0.3	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: September 2022 to September 2023(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Aug. 2023	Sep. 2023	Annual	Monthly
			Sep. 2022 to Sep. 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.6	101.0	0.9	0.1	0.5	-0.4	0.4
Canada	94.4	94.2	7.2	0.4	-0.8	-2.8	-0.2
European Union	101.4	102.7	-2.0	-0.4	1.0	-0.1	1.3
Germany	108.3	108.6	3.0	-0.2	1.6	-0.1	0.3
Latin America(3)	109.7	109.8	-8.5	-0.3	-0.3	3.0	0.1
Mexico	110.2	110.6	-10.4	-0.9	-1.2	1.4	0.4
Pacific Rim(4)	108.5	109.3	-2.8	-0.6	0.3	0.2	0.7
China	106.5	107.9	-2.8	-1.3	1.3	-0.7	1.3
Japan	104.4	105.3	-8.4	-0.9	-1.7	0.1	0.9
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: September 2022 to September 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2023	Sep. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Sep. 2022 to Sep. 2023	May 2023 to Jun. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	206.9	215.9	-32.8	5.8	0.1	-13.9	4.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.822	194.8	181.0	-31.8	1.5	-13.8	4.0	-7.1
Asia	70.633	194.2	213.2	-33.5	7.5	5.6	-20.4	9.8
Export Air Freight	100.000	179.3	176.0	-13.9	-2.8	-0.2	2.8	-1.8
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	25.248	140.4	142.0	-12.9	1.2	2.0	-1.4	1.1
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	54.344	144.5	139.0	-12.5	-2.3	0.4	4.8	-3.8
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	155.9	156.4	-33.2	1.2	0.1	-6.0	0.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	31.239	156.5	148.0	-18.5	1.4	-7.8	6.0	-5.4
Asia	56.986	136.1	141.8	-40.4	1.0	4.5	-12.6	4.2
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	168.6	176.1	-23.7	2.6	-6.9	0.8	4.4
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	30.174	170.1	172.0	-11.6	0.9	1.6	-2.0	1.1
Asia	52.919	179.0	191.0	-29.3	6.8	-13.1	2.2	6.7
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	158.2	173.9	-3.4	10.0	-9.2	-14.1	9.9
Europe	44.885	175.7	206.8	1.1	11.6	-11.0	-18.4	17.7
Asia	6.149	165.8	170.9	-12.6	7.6	-6.4	-11.0	3.1
Latin America/Caribbean	16.389	142.6	138.6	-0.5	6.3	-1.7	-9.9	-2.8
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	188.1	179.6	-7.2	9.3	4.2	-8.8	-4.5
Europe	21.478	235.8	237.7	1.8	17.8	3.1	-13.0	0.8
Asia	13.027	223.6	199.4	-6.8	6.7	3.9	0.2	-10.8
Latin America/Caribbean	51.944	182.2	174.3	-6.3	7.6	4.3	-9.7	-4.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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