Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until				     USDL-20-1928
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, October 15, 2020

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
        Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                           U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - SEPTEMBER 2020

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.3 percent in September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today, following advances of 1.0 percent in August, 1.2 percent in July, and 1.3 percent in June. In 
September, rising prices for nonfuel imports more than offset lower fuel prices. U.S. export prices increased 
0.6 percent in September, after advancing 0.5 percent the previous month. 

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on September 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data
The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the September release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 
September were 5.6-percentage points lower than those in September 2019. A small number of indexes that 
are normally published were not published in September. Additional information is available at 
www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-september-2020.htm.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Imports 

U.S. import prices rose 0.3 percent in September, after increasing 4.2 percent from April to August. Despite 
the recent increases, overall import prices declined 1.1 percent for the year ended in September. The price 
index for U.S. imports has not increased on a 12-month basis since January 2020. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices fell 2.9 percent in September following a 3.9-percent increase in August. 
The September decline was the first 1-month drop since April and was led by lower petroleum prices, which 
more than offset rising natural gas prices. In September, import petroleum prices also decreased for the first 
time since April, falling 4.2 percent. In contrast, natural gas prices advanced 26.2 percent in September, 
after increasing 12.9 percent the previous month. The September rise was the largest increase since the 
index advanced 44.3 percent in November 2019. Prices for import fuel decreased 25.2 percent from 
September 2019 to September 2020, as a 28.1-percent drop in petroleum prices more than offset a 94.8- 
percent rise in natural gas prices.     

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports advanced 0.6 percent in September 
following a 0.7-percent rise in August. The September increase was primarily driven by higher prices for 
nonfuel industrial supplies and materials. Rising prices for foods, feeds, and beverages; automotive vehicles; 
consumer goods; and capital goods also contributed to the September advance in nonfuel import prices. 
Prices for nonfuel imports increased 1.5 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year rise since 
a 1.5-percent advance in June 2018.  

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials advanced 2.9 
percent in September, led by higher prices for selected building materials and unfinished metals. 

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods categories increased in September. Automotive 
vehicles prices advanced 0.2 percent, driven by a 0.3-percent rise in parts, engines, bodies, and chassis 
prices. Prices for consumer goods and capital goods each ticked up 0.1 percent in September. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices rose 0.8 percent in September, after 
increasing 0.5 percent the previous month. In September, rising prices for fruit, vegetables, and food oils 
more than offset lower meat prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2019
September	0.1	1.0	-0.1	-0.3	-1.6	-0.2
October	-0.4	-1.6	-0.3	0.0	1.7	-0.2
November	0.2	2.2	-0.1	0.1	2.4	-0.1
December	0.2	1.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
2020
January	0.2	-0.1	0.3	0.6	2.0	0.6
February	-0.7	-9.1	0.2	-1.2	-2.9	-1.1
March	-2.4	-26.5	0.0	-1.4	-1.4	-1.4
April	-2.6	-30.9	-0.5	-3.5	-3.3	-3.5
May	0.7	13.9	0.1	0.0	-0.4	0.0
June	(r)1.3	(r)20.6	0.3	1.8	1.6	1.7
July	1.2	(r)15.0	0.2	(r)1.0	1.6	0.9
August	(r)1.0	(r)3.9	0.7	0.5	(r)-2.3	0.8
September	0.3	-2.9	0.6	0.6	2.7	0.3
Sep. 2018 to 2019	-2.1	-8.3	-1.2	-1.7	0.2	-1.9
Sep. 2019 to 2020	-1.1	-25.2	1.5	-1.8	1.3	-2.2
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports rose 0.6 percent in September, after advancing 3.3 percent from April to August. In 
September, higher prices for both agricultural and nonagricultural exports contributed to the overall rise. 
Despite the recent upward trend, prices for U.S. exports fell 1.8 percent over the past year. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices rose 2.7 percent in September following a 2.3-percent 
decrease the previous month. The September increase was the largest 1-month advance since the index rose 
3.8 percent in December 2018. Higher prices for soybeans, corn, fruit, cotton, wheat, nuts, and meat more 
than offset lower prices for dairy products and eggs. Prices for agricultural exports increased 1.3 percent for 
the year ended in September, the first 12-month advance for the index since a 3.1-percent rise from January 
2019 to January 2020.     

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports advanced 0.3 percent in 
September, after rising 0.8 percent in August, 0.9 percent in July, and 1.7 percent in June. The September 
increase was led by higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials; consumer goods; 
capital goods; and nonagricultural foods. Even with the recent increases, nonagricultural export prices 
decreased 2.2 percent for the year ended in September. The 12-month decline in prices for nonagricultural 
exports was driven by a 7.1-percent drop in nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
advanced 0.6 percent in September and have not declined on a monthly basis since April. In September, 
higher prices for chemicals, nonferrous metals, and steelmaking materials more than offset falling fuel 
prices.     

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in September. Consumer goods prices rose 0.6 
percent following increases of 0.4 percent in August and 0.3 percent in July. The September advance was 
the largest monthly rise since the index increased 1.2 percent in June 2011. Prices for capital goods ticked 
up 0.1 percent in September and the price index for automotive vehicles was unchanged.  

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China were unchanged in September following a 
0.1-percent increase in August and a 0.2-percent advance in July. Import prices from China last declined on 
a monthly basis in May and were unchanged over the past 12 months. The price index for imports from 
Japan rose 0.2 percent in September, after ticking up 0.1 percent the previous month. Prices for imports 
from Japan also increased 0.2 percent for the year ended in September. Import prices from the European 
Union advanced 0.9 percent in September following rises of 0.4 percent in August, 0.7 percent in July, and 
0.4 percent in June. The September increase was the largest 1-month advance since the index rose 1.6 
percent in January 2013. The price index for imports from Canada increased 1.2 percent in September, after 
advancing 26.1 percent from April to August. Prices for imports from Mexico ticked up 0.1 percent in 
September following a 1.0-percent rise in August. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China edged down 0.1 percent in September, 
after advancing 6.4 percent from April to August. The price index for exports to China increased 0.4 percent 
for the year ended in September. Export prices to Japan advanced 0.9 percent in September following 
increases of 0.5 percent in August, 0.9 percent in July, and 4.4 percent in June. Prices for exports to Japan 
fell 1.0 percent from September 2019 to September 2020. The price index for exports to the European 
Union rose 0.5 percent for the second consecutive month in September, and has not recorded a 1-month 
decrease since May. Export prices to Canada and Mexico also increased in September, rising 0.6 percent 
and 0.4 percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China edged 
down 0.1 percent in September, the first monthly decline since the index fell 2.6 percent in April. In 
contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with China rose 0.4 percent over the past year. The U.S. terms of 
trade with Japan increased 0.7 percent in September following a 0.4-percent advance the previous month. In 
September, higher export prices to Japan more than offset rising import prices from Japan. The index for 
U.S. terms of trade with the European Union decreased 0.4 percent in September, after ticking up 0.1 
percent in August. The U.S. terms of trade with Canada declined 0.6 percent in September, and the U.S. 
terms of trade with Mexico advanced 0.3 percent. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares advanced 4.4 percent in September following a 0.1-percent rise in 
August and a 4.0-percent decline in July. Higher European and Asian fares led the September increase in 
overall import air passenger fares. Despite the recent advances, the index for import air passenger fares 
decreased 12.8 percent for the year ended in September. Import air freight prices fell 0.9 percent in 
September, after rising 2.2 percent the previous month. Large increases in May and April drove import air 
freight prices up 55.6 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares advanced 5.9 percent in September, after rising 3.1 percent in August. 
In September, the increase was led by a 16.9-percent advance in Asian fares. Export air passenger fares rose 
5.3 percent from September 2019 to September 2020, the largest 12-month advance since increasing 8.7 
percent in June 2012. Prices for export air freight rose 0.8 percent in September following a 1.1-percent 
increase the previous month. Export air freight prices also advanced over the past year, rising 5.6 percent, 
the largest over-the-year increase since the index advanced 9.9 percent in November 2017.  

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for October are scheduled for release on Tuesday, November 17, 
2020 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2019 to September 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Aug. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2020	Sep. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020
All commodities		100.000	123.2	123.6	-1.1	1.3	1.2	1.0	0.3
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		86.239	99.9	100.5	1.4	0.3	0.2	0.7	0.6
All imports excluding petroleum		92.808	113.0	113.8	1.8	0.3	0.2	0.8	0.7
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		92.431	117.0	117.7	1.5	0.3	0.2	0.7	0.6
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.192	177.8	179.3	1.4	-0.3	-1.0	0.5	0.8
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.827	194.4	196.5	2.4	-0.1	-1.3	0.7	1.1
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.365	140.5	140.4	-2.0	-1.0	0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Industrial supplies & materials	1	21.920	172.7	174.3	-6.8	6.8	5.6	3.7	0.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.946	158.9	164.3	7.8	1.5	1.0	3.9	3.4
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		14.368	180.1	185.3	5.9	1.4	1.2	3.6	2.9
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.325	179.1	186.6	11.1	1.9	1.9	5.6	4.2
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.402	133.7	136.5	2.4	0.8	-0.3	1.1	2.1
Fuels & lubricants	10	7.569	160.6	156.0	-25.2	20.6	15.0	3.9	-2.9
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	7.192	171.8	164.6	-28.1	21.8	16.4	3.5	-4.2
Crude	10000	4.815	171.6	167.0	-28.8	33.3	21.2	3.1	-2.7
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.377	102.3	124.6	66.1	4.2	-6.5	10.8	21.8
Gas-natural	10110	0.319	91.7	115.7	94.8	5.3	-7.5	12.9	26.2
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.503	108.1	107.2	-7.4	3.0	-1.4	-0.8	-0.8
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.523	150.6	151.5	-2.1	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.6
Selected building materials	13	1.795	168.8	190.2	33.6	2.8	4.6	10.1	12.7
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.868	257.0	266.9	12.1	3.3	1.9	8.5	3.9
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.841	160.2	161.2	2.0	0.2	1.0	0.8	0.6
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.821	113.1	113.2	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.7	0.1
Capital goods	2	29.004	88.3	88.4	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.679	121.3	121.4	1.4	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.939	80.2	80.3	0.6	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.386	135.4	135.5	-1.0	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.876	110.8	111.0	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.009	107.0	107.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.344	124.5	124.7	0.7	0.2	0.4	0.0	0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	12.391	90.8	90.9	-0.4	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.274	116.1	116.4	-0.1	1.1	0.0	1.0	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2019 to September 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Aug. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2020	Sep. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020
All commodities		100.000	122.1	122.8	-1.8	1.8	1.0	0.5	0.6
Agricultural commodities		9.176	171.2	175.9	1.3	1.6	1.6	-2.3	2.7
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		82.597	102.1	102.7	1.3	0.0	0.4	0.7	0.6
Nonagricultural commodities		90.824	118.3	118.7	-2.2	1.7	0.9	0.8	0.3
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.511	175.1	179.8	1.1	1.2	1.6	-2.1	2.7
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	7.993	174.1	179.0	1.9	1.8	1.8	-2.3	2.8
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.517	195.8	198.5	-9.2	-7.8	-0.7	1.5	1.4
Industrial supplies & materials	1	31.310	141.0	142.0	-6.9	5.8	2.5	1.9	0.7
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.449	179.5	181.9	8.5	1.1	1.4	4.2	1.3
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		19.861	125.2	125.7	-13.9	8.6	3.2	0.6	0.4
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.155	158.2	162.3	-2.4	-0.2	0.7	-2.2	2.6
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.154	140.5	141.4	-7.1	6.1	2.5	2.1	0.6
Fuels & lubricants	11	8.893	130.8	129.7	-25.6	23.7	6.1	0.5	-0.8
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.302	161.1	163.2	3.7	0.2	1.2	2.9	1.3
Selected building materials	13	0.959	119.4	120.9	1.3	0.5	0.4	0.8	1.3
Capital goods	2	37.563	111.6	111.7	0.8	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.1
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.891	120.2	120.6	2.8	0.1	0.2	-0.1	0.3
Nonelectrical machinery	21	24.395	95.1	95.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.278	185.0	185.4	1.4	-0.1	0.4	0.1	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.015	113.9	113.9	-0.3	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.601	109.8	110.5	0.0	-0.1	0.3	0.4	0.6
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.113	108.4	108.9	0.9	0.2	0.6	0.5	0.5
Durables, manufactured	41	5.074	107.4	108.4	0.7	-0.5	0.1	0.2	0.9
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.414	92.9	93.4	-5.8	0.0	-0.2	0.4	0.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2019 to September 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Aug. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2020	Sep. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		7.358	91.0	90.3	-18.9	18.6	13.0	2.7	-0.8
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.923	179.0	182.3	5.9	-0.5	-0.8	1.2	1.8
Crop production	111	1.594	193.2	198.2	8.4	-0.6	-1.1	1.0	2.6
Mining	21	5.435	79.9	78.6	-25.4	29.4	18.9	3.2	-1.6
Oil and gas extraction	211	5.174	78.7	77.3	-26.4	31.5	20.0	3.4	-1.8
Manufacturing		92.322	111.0	111.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.4
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.464	125.3	125.4	0.4	0.2	-0.2	0.2	0.1
Food manufacturing	311	3.519	153.0	153.3	-0.4	0.4	-1.0	0.7	0.2
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.192	129.7	129.8	3.4	0.0	0.1	1.0	0.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.385	101.8	101.9	2.1	-0.1	3.5	-0.1	0.1
Textile product mills	314	0.937	106.2	106.2	-1.5	-0.1	0.1	-0.4	0.0
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.781	112.9	113.1	0.6	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.651	123.6	123.3	0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.4	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.206	122.6	123.3	-2.0	1.1	1.7	1.6	0.6
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.094	136.1	166.0	-	5.5	9.2	19.1	22.0
Paper manufacturing	322	0.997	107.0	106.1	-4.0	2.3	-0.8	-0.1	-0.8
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.170	80.0	73.7	-27.9	6.0	7.7	4.4	-7.9
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.221	136.2	136.7	-1.3	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.4
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.445	121.2	121.4	2.4	0.3	1.4	0.6	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.084	130.7	130.8	0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	62.652	104.3	104.8	1.3	0.2	0.2	0.6	0.5
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.443	170.3	175.8	11.5	2.5	2.3	7.2	3.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.256	126.4	127.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.5
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.841	119.8	120.1	0.9	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.3
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.209	71.9	71.8	-0.4	0.1	-0.3	0.0	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.555	117.8	117.9	0.3	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.923	110.0	110.3	1.3	0.1	-0.1	0.3	0.3
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.909	114.9	115.0	-1.1	-0.4	0.2	0.1	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.516	119.5	120.2	1.3	0.3	0.6	1.0	0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2019 to September 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Aug. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2020	Sep. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		8.904	110.2	111.9	-10.8	12.2	4.2	-0.2	1.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.399	139.6	147.5	2.5	0.4	2.6	-2.9	5.7
Crop production	111	4.073	146.5	155.2	3.5	1.4	2.6	-3.2	5.9
Mining	21	4.504	63.5	61.9	-22.4	28.0	5.8	2.6	-2.5
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.153	91.5	92.2	-15.5	-2.0	-1.2	3.2	0.8
Manufacturing		89.714	114.7	115.1	-1.2	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.3
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.776	138.5	138.7	-1.0	0.9	0.4	-1.0	0.1
Food manufacturing	311	4.632	155.7	155.6	-1.4	1.3	0.8	-1.3	-0.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.658	123.2	124.3	1.6	0.9	-0.8	-0.9	0.9
Manufacturing, part 2	32	23.051	103.7	104.5	-7.9	2.9	1.8	0.4	0.8
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.485	97.2	99.0	3.3	0.5	0.2	0.8	1.9
Paper manufacturing	322	1.518	117.7	117.5	-3.5	0.5	-0.5	-0.3	-0.2
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	4.350	75.2	75.8	-28.5	19.7	5.9	-0.1	0.8
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.278	115.1	116.4	-1.4	-0.3	1.2	0.8	1.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.367	117.3	116.6	-0.5	-0.2	0.0	0.1	-0.6
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.850	118.0	118.4	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.3
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.886	117.1	117.3	1.6	0.1	0.3	0.7	0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.927	179.9	180.8	17.8	1.7	2.0	8.2	0.5
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.144	150.2	150.7	1.7	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3
Machinery manufacturing	333	10.011	130.2	130.9	0.6	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.5
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	14.132	82.6	82.4	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.0	-0.2
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.879	118.3	118.7	1.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.994	129.6	129.7	0.6	-0.2	0.2	0.0	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.408	124.7	124.8	1.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.391	117.9	119.1	-1.2	-0.3	0.0	0.3	1.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2019 to September 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Aug. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2020	Sep. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.334	189.8	187.9	-3.7	1.6	-2.7	1.1	-1.0
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.388	271.5	265.4	1.2	7.7	-10.0	2.9	-2.2
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.679	129.1	128.3	-7.6	-2.1	0.6	-0.4	-0.6
Vegetable products	II	1.960	213.3	218.3	7.5	-0.3	-1.1	1.0	2.3
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.474	498.4	504.2	0.4	-2.4	1.2	2.0	1.2
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.636	107.4	113.7	8.1	-1.4	-5.9	-0.1	5.9
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.349	221.5	223.5	9.9	-0.7	3.7	0.5	0.9
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.256	89.0	90.1	8.2	-0.8	1.3	3.2	1.2
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.021	168.8	169.5	1.7	-0.1	0.0	0.5	0.4
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.204	99.4	100.5	5.5	0.4	-2.1	0.1	1.1
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.366	168.4	168.7	-2.1	0.1	-0.4	0.0	0.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.134	139.8	139.9	3.1	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mineral products	V	7.715	163.6	159.0	-23.9	19.4	14.3	3.7	-2.8
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	7.365	159.3	154.6	-24.9	20.6	15.1	3.8	-3.0
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.592	154.4	154.9	-1.0	-0.1	0.4	0.1	0.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.454	266.9	267.3	-4.8	-0.1	-0.6	-0.3	0.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.097	121.6	122.0	-3.3	-0.5	0.9	0.3	0.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.991	155.1	155.4	0.5	0.1	0.5	-0.1	0.2
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.629	103.3	103.3	0.1	-0.4	0.6	0.2	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.595	100.7	101.0	-1.2	0.2	-0.2	0.2	0.3
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.771	143.0	144.4	3.2	1.3	2.4	1.1	1.0
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.497	143.4	144.0	1.0	1.3	1.7	0.9	0.4
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.274	144.5	147.2	7.8	1.3	3.6	1.5	1.9
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.623	124.2	124.4	0.3	0.2	-0.6	-0.1	0.2
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.598	131.1	131.2	0.4	0.2	-0.5	-0.1	0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.129	197.9	241.0	66.3	5.7	9.1	19.1	21.8
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.104	137.5	168.2	-	5.8	9.4	19.6	22.3
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.017	111.3	110.8	-5.1	1.9	-0.7	-0.8	-0.4
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.700	104.9	104.0	-4.8	0.7	-0.5	-1.0	-0.9
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.901	114.5	114.6	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.981	105.0	105.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.648	122.5	122.8	1.6	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.636	100.2	100.2	-1.4	-0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.388	123.9	123.7	1.2	0.0	0.2	-0.6	-0.2
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.160	122.1	121.9	0.7	-0.1	0.2	-0.7	-0.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.975	131.7	131.7	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.276	220.8	226.2	17.9	2.9	1.2	9.1	2.4
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.524	168.6	171.2	-1.0	0.7	1.0	1.6	1.5
Iron and steel	72	1.070	190.3	194.6	-8.7	0.5	-0.8	2.0	2.3
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.688	145.8	146.6	-1.5	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.5
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.461	292.7	298.6	12.8	3.9	6.0	3.5	2.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.928	129.2	132.1	4.0	0.9	3.8	3.4	2.2
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.467	123.1	123.1	-0.6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.532	132.9	132.9	-2.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.4	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.841	79.1	79.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.754	85.2	85.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.088	73.3	73.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.3	0.0	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.994	114.5	114.8	1.4	0.0	-0.2	0.2	0.3
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.862	113.7	114.0	1.4	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.130	102.1	102.4	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.857	98.3	98.5	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.479	110.9	111.0	-0.6	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.819	116.6	116.7	-0.8	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.389	101.6	101.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.271	126.8	126.7	-1.6	0.0	-0.3	0.0	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2019 to September 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Aug. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2020	Sep. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.936	207.0	205.0	-4.2	1.7	1.1	-2.0	-1.0
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.163	161.7	163.6	-0.7	0.2	-1.7	-0.3	1.2
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.315	104.1	106.0	-12.3	-9.8	-1.2	1.7	1.8
Vegetable products	II	4.084	183.2	193.9	4.1	1.7	2.6	-3.3	5.8
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.863	120.5	125.4	-10.9	-3.8	-1.7	-0.2	4.1
Cereals	10	1.294	176.5	191.3	7.7	2.6	2.2	-5.3	8.4
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.488	193.0	204.2	11.7	1.0	4.1	0.3	5.8
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.048	150.7	153.2	0.5	0.4	1.7	-2.0	1.7
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100)	20	0.325	95.5	95.5	-	-0.6	-0.8	-0.4	0.0
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.597	99.2	99.6	0.9	-0.6	0.9	0.3	0.4
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.552	103.1	108.7	1.1	4.8	6.3	-8.2	5.4
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.706	209.4	214.8	2.7	-1.4	0.0	-1.4	2.6
Mineral products	V	8.888	158.5	157.2	-25.4	23.6	5.9	1.5	-0.8
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.419	97.8	104.4	6.0	2.0	5.3	9.6	6.7
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.270	149.2	147.4	-27.0	25.8	6.0	1.2	-1.2
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.000	135.4	135.7	-1.6	-0.1	0.6	0.3	0.2
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.717	138.0	138.5	-7.2	-0.1	-1.4	0.0	0.4
Organic chemicals	29	2.405	131.8	131.9	-5.9	-0.9	0.6	0.9	0.1
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.254	108.7	109.6	2.0	0.6	1.0	1.0	0.8
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.523	100.6	101.5	-2.9	0.1	2.1	-5.0	0.9
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.882	128.1	128.1	-1.8	-0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.505	125.9	125.9	0.6	0.2	0.6	-0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.053	157.0	156.8	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.152	139.1	140.9	-0.8	-1.3	0.5	1.7	1.3
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.247	135.7	138.2	-0.5	-1.6	0.5	2.0	1.8
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.905	152.6	150.1	-2.2	0.3	0.5	0.3	-1.6
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.598	96.4	97.9	4.0	0.3	0.3	0.8	1.6
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.846	122.9	123.2	1.5	0.3	-0.2	0.3	0.2
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.519	121.0	121.2	-	0.6	0.2	1.3	0.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.035	121.7	121.8	-2.5	0.2	-0.9	-0.2	0.1
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.676	116.5	118.0	0.6	0.2	0.8	-0.9	1.3
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.438	107.1	111.2	1.7	1.2	3.6	-3.3	3.8
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.825	127.0	127.2	-0.2	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.2
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.477	99.5	99.3	-	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	5.368	300.9	304.9	16.0	1.2	1.3	7.5	1.3
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.681	155.6	159.2	2.2	0.6	1.7	1.2	2.3
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.546	188.6	194.6	12.4	6.6	9.1	4.4	3.2
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.696	97.9	103.2	4.6	-0.5	3.4	3.9	5.4
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.350	155.9	155.9	1.2	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.146	98.2	98.2	0.4	-0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	17.337	115.9	115.9	-0.2	-0.3	0.2	0.0	0.0
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.809	79.1	79.2	1.4	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.652	137.7	137.7	0.5	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.186	116.0	116.0	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	6.180	110.7	110.8	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.378	113.7	113.3	0.4	0.3	0.1	-0.4	-0.4
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.771	133.0	133.2	2.0	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.447	87.8	86.7	-2.1	0.6	0.3	-1.7	-1.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: September 2019 to September 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2020	Sep. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	126.0	126.7	0.0	4.0	1.1	2.5	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	9.102	148.5	146.6	-19.9	69.8	8.2	4.4	-1.3
Manufacturing	90.378	123.4	124.3	2.5	0.5	0.4	2.2	0.7
Canada	100.000	134.0	135.6	-2.4	13.8	3.3	5.3	1.2
Nonmanufacturing	26.432	145.4	143.4	-20.2	79.8	8.6	4.6	-1.4
Manufacturing	72.713	134.3	137.0	5.5	1.1	1.5	5.5	2.0
European Union	100.000	138.0	139.2	1.7	0.4	0.7	0.4	0.9
Manufacturing	99.012	134.2	135.3	1.6	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.8
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.8	129.4	1.5	0.5	1.3	0.3	0.5
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	113.5	114.9	2.0	0.0	0.0	0.7	1.2
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	120.0	121.6	-0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4	1.3
Latin America(3)	100.000	145.2	144.7	-1.4	1.4	1.5	1.2	-0.3
Nonmanufacturing	12.965	219.3	221.1	-12.7	8.8	6.9	2.7	0.8
Manufacturing	86.749	121.5	120.8	0.4	0.5	0.7	1.0	-0.6
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.5	128.6	1.2	0.9	0.3	1.0	0.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	7.040	118.5	126.9	-4.5	6.9	1.1	3.9	7.1
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	92.675	89.5	89.0	1.6	0.5	0.3	0.8	-0.6
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	97.9	98.0	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.3	98.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0
Japan	100.000	96.8	97.0	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.2
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	97.5	97.7	-1.2	0.3	0.1	-0.3	0.2
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	85.6	85.5	-1.9	0.7	0.5	-0.7	-0.1
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.4	97.7	0.5	-0.2	-0.2	0.3	0.3
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	150.2	149.0	-16.1	-5.1	18.7	0.3	-0.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: September 2019 to September 2020 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2020	Sep. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	102.1	102.8	0.0	1.7	1.2	0.9	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	8.726	87.2	89.8	-13.0	19.1	4.4	-0.7	3.0
Manufacturing	89.840	103.8	104.4	1.4	0.4	0.9	0.8	0.6
Canada	100.000	102.2	102.8	-1.1	1.6	1.4	0.8	0.6
European Union	100.000	103.1	103.6	-1.2	1.7	1.1	0.5	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	7.787	79.8	80.4	-19.8	19.8	4.5	-2.1	0.8
Manufacturing	90.866	105.4	105.9	0.6	0.3	0.8	0.6	0.5
Germany	100.000	107.5	107.9	3.3	0.1	1.0	1.2	0.4
Latin America(3)	100.000	95.3	95.5	-4.5	2.4	1.7	-0.1	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	7.217	96.7	100.3	-0.1	5.4	5.7	-3.0	3.7
Manufacturing	92.191	95.1	95.0	-5.0	2.1	1.5	0.0	-0.1
Mexico	100.000	95.9	96.3	-3.4	0.6	1.1	0.1	0.4
Nonmanufacturing	5.595	91.1	96.0	2.0	0.7	6.3	-3.6	5.4
Manufacturing	93.704	96.1	96.2	-3.8	0.6	0.7	0.3	0.1
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	98.1	98.4	-1.5	2.0	0.3	0.6	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	12.945	82.8	83.2	-14.4	11.5	2.2	0.5	0.5
Manufacturing	85.167	101.1	101.3	0.4	0.7	-0.2	0.6	0.2
China	100.000	97.7	97.6	0.4	3.0	1.4	0.9	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	11.205	80.1	77.7	-15.9	30.6	7.1	1.8	-3.0
Manufacturing	86.273	102.0	102.2	2.0	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.2
Japan	100.000	98.4	99.3	-1.0	4.4	0.9	0.5	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	17.314	80.4	82.5	-14.5	22.2	5.2	-0.1	2.6
Manufacturing	80.887	102.2	102.6	1.9	1.2	0.0	0.5	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: September 2019 to September 2020(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Aug. 2020	Sep. 2020	Annual	Monthly
			Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	99.2	99.3	0.0	-2.1	0.1	-1.6	0.1
Canada	100.2	99.6	1.3	-10.6	-1.9	-4.3	-0.6
European Union	100.6	100.2	-2.8	1.3	0.4	0.1	-0.4
Germany	109.0	108.1	1.3	0.1	1.1	0.5	-0.8
Latin America(3)	97.7	98.3	-3.1	1.0	0.2	-1.3	0.6
Mexico	96.3	96.6	-4.5	-0.3	0.8	-0.9	0.3
Pacific Rim(4)	98.6	98.8	-1.7	1.9	0.2	0.5	0.2
China	99.5	99.4	0.4	3.0	1.2	0.8	-0.1
Japan	97.1	97.8	-1.2	4.1	0.9	0.4	0.7
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: September 2019 to September 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2020	Sep. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Sep. 2019 to Sep. 2020	May 2020 to Jun. 2020	Jun. 2020 to Jul. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	271.7	269.3	55.6	-3.1	-14.0	2.2	-0.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.932	224.2	230.8	58.6	0.3	2.4	1.6	2.9
Asia	63.564	273.8	266.4	66.2	-4.6	-21.3	2.9	-2.7
Export Air Freight	100.000	169.8	171.1	5.6	2.2	-0.1	1.1	0.8
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	30.674	153.0	156.7	4.1	0.3	0.3	0.2	2.4
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	220.1	218.6	36.5	-2.5	-9.9	1.7	-0.7
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.694	170.8	175.7	32.5	1.5	1.9	0.7	2.9
Asia	62.410	218.9	213.8	46.4	-4.3	-15.7	2.4	-2.3
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	150.4	149.8	5.6	-5.4	0.5	-0.1	-0.4
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	35.495	176.7	182.1	17.7	0.0	0.1	0.1	3.1
Asia	43.457	135.3	130.8	-0.5	-11.9	1.6	-1.2	-3.3
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	140.0	146.1	-12.8	7.0	-4.0	0.1	4.4
Europe	36.960	131.9	145.0	-24.7	10.9	-10.7	-2.4	9.9
Asia	32.862	158.8	166.5	34.3	15.7	3.4	8.9	4.8
Latin America/Caribbean	7.185	110.6	110.1	-25.4	-2.1	-0.6	-9.5	-0.5
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	145.4	154.0	5.3	6.4	5.5	3.1	5.9
Europe	24.520	154.0	156.1	-16.2	12.7	6.9	-7.5	1.4
Asia	31.980	161.0	188.2	44.1	5.6	4.3	17.5	16.9
Latin America/Caribbean	24.006	141.9	139.3	-9.6	2.0	3.1	-3.7	-1.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.