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Economic News Release
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U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-18-1825
8:30 a.m. (EST) Thursday, November 15, 2018

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                              U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - OCTOBER 2018                               

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.5 percent in October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
after advancing 0.2 percent in September. Higher fuel and nonfuel prices contributed to the October 
increase. U.S. export prices advanced 0.4 percent in October after recording no change in September. 

Imports

Import prices advanced 0.5 percent in October, the largest monthly increase since a 0.9-percent rise in May. 
Prices for U.S. imports rose 3.5 percent from October 2017 to October 2018 and have not recorded an over-
the-year decrease in 2 years when the index declined 0.2 in October 2016. (See table 1.)  

Fuel Imports: The price index for import fuels increased 3.3 percent in October, after advancing 0.7 
percent in September; the rise was the largest monthly advance since a 6.1-percent increase in May. Higher 
prices for both petroleum and natural gas contributed to the advance in October. Prices for petroleum 
increased 2.8 percent in October after rising 0.9 percent the previous month. Natural gas prices rose 24.6 
percent in October, the largest monthly increase since a 25.7-percent advance in November 2017. Fuel 
prices increased 30.3 percent for the year ended in October, led by a 31.4-percent advance in petroleum 
prices. The price index for natural gas rose 24.6 percent over the past 12 months.  

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices advanced 0.2 percent in October, after recording no 
change in September. Higher prices for foods, feeds, and beverages drove the October advance and more 
than offset decreasing prices for capital goods; consumer goods; and nonfuel industrial supplies and 
materials. The price index for nonfuel imports increased 0.7 percent over the past 12 months. The over-the-
year advance was driven mostly by a 3.4-percent rise in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials, as well as 
higher prices for consumer goods and automotive vehicles. In contrast, prices for capital goods and foods, 
feeds, and beverages fell over the past year.   

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices decreased 0.1 
percent in October after declining 0.4 percent in September. The October decrease was driven by lower 
prices for selected building materials and finished metals.   

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were little changed in October. Capital goods and consumer goods 
prices both edged down 0.1 percent and the price index for automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent.  

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Import prices for foods, feeds, and beverages rose 2.2 percent in October, 
after advancing 2.0 percent in September. The October increase was led by a 30.6-percent rise in vegetable 
prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month IMPORTS EXPORTS
All
imports
Fuel
imports
Nonfuel
imports
All
exports
Agri-
cultural
exports
Non-
agricultural
exports

2017

October

0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 2.0 -0.1

November

1.0 9.8 0.0 0.5 -0.7 0.7

December

0.2 3.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.0

2018

January

0.8 3.3 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.8

February

0.2 -1.8 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2

March

-0.2 -2.6 0.1 0.4 3.2 0.1

April

0.5 4.0 0.1 0.5 -1.1 0.7

May

0.9 6.1 0.2 0.7 1.6 0.6

June

0.0 2.6 -0.3 0.2 -1.0 0.3

July

-0.1 (r)0.8 -0.2 -0.5 -5.2 0.1

August

-0.4 (r)-2.1 -0.2 (r)-0.1 0.3 -0.2

September

(r)0.2 (r)0.7 0.0 0.0 (r)-1.3 0.2

October

0.5 3.3 0.2 0.4 -0.3 0.5

Oct. 2016 to 2017

2.4 12.4 1.4 2.7 3.6 2.6

Oct. 2017 to 2018

3.5 30.3 0.7 3.1 -4.5 3.9

Footnotes
(r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices advanced 0.4 percent in October, after recording no change in September. The October 
advance was the largest monthly increase since the index rose 0.7 percent in May. Higher nonagricultural 
prices more than offset decreasing agricultural prices. For the 12-month period ended in October, U.S. 
export prices advanced 3.1 percent. (See table 2.)  

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices fell 0.3 percent in October after declining 6.1 percent over 
the previous 3 months. The October drop in agricultural prices was led by lower nut and cotton prices, 
which fell 4.6 percent and 5.3 percent, respectively. The price index for agricultural exports decreased 4.5 
percent over the past year, the largest decline since the index fell 5.2 percent in May 2016. Falling prices for 
soybeans, nuts, and meat all contributed to the 12-month decrease.    

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports rose 0.5 percent in October 
following a 0.2-percent increase in September. Higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials drove the October advance; rising automotive vehicles prices also contributed to the increase. In 
contrast, consumer goods prices fell in October. The price index for nonagricultural exports increased 3.9 
percent over the past 12 months and has not recorded an over-the-year decline since the index decreased 0.2 
percent in November 2016. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
advanced 1.7 percent in October, after rising 0.2 percent in September. The October increase was led by 
higher prices for fuels and paper.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in October. The price index for consumer goods 
declined 0.2 percent, automotive vehicles prices ticked up 0.1 percent, and the price index for capital goods 
recorded no change. The decrease in consumer goods prices was driven by lower prices for household goods 
and the increase in prices for automotive vehicles was led by a 0.4-percent advance in prices for vehicles 
designed to transport goods.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China edged down 0.1 percent after recording no 
change in September and declining 0.2 percent in August. Despite the recent decreases, import prices from 
China advanced 0.3 percent from October 2017 to October 2018. Prices for imports from Japan rose 0.1 
percent in October, the first monthly increase since the index rose 0.2 percent in July. Import prices from 
Japan advanced 1.3 percent for the year ended in October, the largest 12-month increase since the index rose 
1.4 percent in March 2017. Import prices from the European Union advanced 0.2 percent in October, the 
largest increase since the index rose 0.3 percent in May. The price indexes for imports from Canada and 
Mexico also increased in October, advancing 1.3 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively. Higher fuel prices 
contributed to both increases. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China increased 1.0 percent in October, after 
declining 1.7 percent in September. The October advance was the largest rise since the index increased 1.2 
percent in March. The index for export prices to Japan rose 0.2 percent in October. The price index for 
exports to Mexico advanced 1.1 percent in October, the largest increase since the index rose 1.2 percent in 
January. Export prices to Canada rose 0.4 percent, after a 0.4-percent increase the previous month. Those 
were the largest monthly increases since a 0.8-percent advance in May. The price index for exports to the 
European Union increased 0.3 percent in October, matching the rise in May. The last time the index 
advanced by more than 0.3 percent was a 0.7-percent advance in April. (See table 8.)     

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on the country, region, or grouping and 
measure the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade index 
with China rose 1.1 percent in October following a 1.7-percent decline in September. The October increase 
resulted from both the export price index to China rising and prices for imports from China decreasing. The 
index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in October after declining 0.1 percent the 
previous month. The U.S. terms of trade index with Canada declined 0.9 percent, the largest decrease since 
the index fell 2.4 percent in May. The U.S. terms of trade index with Mexico advanced 0.7 percent in 
October. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union ticked up 0.1 percent following a 0.2-
percent advance in September. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares increased 0.7 percent in October, after advancing 10.7 percent in 
September. A 2.8-percent increase in European fares, a 0.7-percent advance in Asian fares, and a 1.7-
percent rise in Latin American/Caribbean fares all contributed to the overall increase for air passenger fares 
in October. Despite the monthly advances in October and September, import air passenger fares fell 2.2 
percent over the past year; the drop was the largest 12-month decline since a 3.7-percent decrease in 
September 2017. Import air freight prices rose 2.4 percent in October and 10.5 percent over the past 12 
months. (See table 10.)  

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 1.8 percent in October, after decreasing 2.8 percent in 
September and 3.7 percent in August. The October decrease was driven by a 6.0-percent decline in Asian 
fares and a 2.0-percent drop in Latin American/Caribbean fares. The index for export air passenger fares 
decreased 2.9 percent from October 2017 to October 2018. Prices for export air freight rose 0.5 percent in 
October and declined 1.0 percent over the past year.           
		
Import and Export Price Index data for November are scheduled for release on Thursday, December 13, 2018 
at 8:30 a.m. (EST).


Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Sept.
2018(1)
Index Percent change
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Annual Monthly
Oct.
2017
to
Oct.
2018
June
2018
to
July
2018
July
2018
to
Aug.
2018
Aug.
2018
to
Sept.
2018
Sept.
2018
to
Oct.
2018

All commodities

  100.000 127.8 128.4 3.5 -0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.5

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  82.314 100.3 100.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

All imports excluding petroleum

  88.897 113.2 113.4 0.8 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.2

All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  88.286 117.4 117.6 0.7 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

5.972 179.6 183.5 -0.6 -1.5 0.5 2.0 2.2

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

4.674 196.4 201.9 -0.9 -2.1 0.7 2.3 2.8

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

1.298 142.2 141.9 0.7 0.7 -0.1 0.9 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials

1

25.918 197.7 200.6 14.2 -0.2 -1.4 0.1 1.5

Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum

  14.873 156.1 156.9 3.8 -0.8 -1.0 -0.5 0.5

Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)

  14.192 178.6 178.5 3.4 -1.0 -1.0 -0.4 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  8.964 168.6 167.7 1.9 -1.6 -1.4 -0.9 -0.5

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum

  5.852 140.3 143.3 6.8 0.5 -0.3 -0.1 2.1

Fuels & lubricants

10

11.714 229.2 236.7 30.3 0.8 -2.1 0.7 3.3

Petroleum & petroleum products

100

11.103 253.8 260.9 31.4 0.5 -2.1 0.9 2.8

Crude

10000

7.990 267.3 274.2 33.8 0.7 -3.1 1.4 2.6

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas

101

0.430 85.4 100.0 21.4 8.1 -3.0 -2.8 17.1

Gas-natural

10110

0.284 65.8 82.0 24.6 21.5 -5.0 -4.2 24.6

Paper & paper base stocks

11

0.595 122.5 122.7 13.0 1.9 1.2 0.2 0.2

Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials

12

4.707 162.5 164.0 4.9 -0.5 -0.2 0.2 0.9

Selected building materials

13

1.617 152.6 145.0 -4.9 -2.0 -2.6 -1.8 -5.0

Unfinished metals related to durable goods

14

3.801 230.6 233.5 4.1 -2.8 -2.0 -1.4 1.3

Finished metals related to durable goods

15

1.789 160.7 160.0 2.2 -0.4 -1.2 -0.1 -0.4

Nonmetals related to durable goods

16

1.695 114.7 114.0 3.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 -0.6

Capital goods

2

26.437 89.3 89.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Electric generating equipment

20

3.224 118.1 117.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2

Nonelectrical machinery

21

20.999 81.7 81.7 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

2.213 134.5 134.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

15.686 110.4 110.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

25.987 107.6 107.5 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Nondurables, manufactured

40

12.848 123.8 123.7 2.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Durables, manufactured

41

11.852 92.5 92.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods

42

1.287 115.3 115.1 0.2 -1.0 1.0 0.3 -0.2

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description End
Use
Relative
import-
ance
Sept.
2018(1)
Index Percent change
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Annual Monthly
Oct.
2017
to
Oct.
2018
June
2018
to
July
2018
July
2018
to
Aug.
2018
Aug.
2018
to
Sept.
2018
Sept.
2018
to
Oct.
2018

All commodities

  100.000 127.3 127.8 3.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.4

Agricultural commodities

  9.456 172.9 172.3 -4.5 -5.2 0.3 -1.3 -0.3

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)

  80.622 101.4 101.4 1.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Nonagricultural commodities

  90.544 123.8 124.4 3.9 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.5

Foods, feeds, & beverages

0

8.856 174.6 174.7 -4.6 -4.7 0.5 -1.4 0.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages

00

8.217 172.4 172.5 -5.3 -5.2 0.4 -1.5 0.1

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)

01

0.639 216.7 216.2 5.3 1.9 0.9 1.1 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials

1

32.090 163.5 165.8 9.4 -0.1 -0.5 0.2 1.4

Industrial supplies & materials, durable

  10.147 162.2 162.4 0.4 -1.2 -2.2 -0.6 0.1

Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable

  21.943 164.3 167.7 14.2 0.4 0.2 0.6 2.1

Agricultural industrial supplies & materials

10

1.239 182.0 177.2 1.2 -4.9 -0.4 0.1 -2.6

Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials

  30.851 162.9 165.6 9.8 0.1 -0.6 0.2 1.7

Fuels & lubricants

11

10.522 210.2 219.3 24.3 0.9 0.4 1.4 4.3

Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials

12

19.320 158.9 159.4 3.7 -0.4 -1.0 -0.4 0.3

Selected building materials

13

1.009 123.0 121.7 -1.5 0.1 -1.2 -0.5 -1.1

Capital goods

2

36.547 110.1 110.1 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0

Electrical generating equipment

20

3.905 117.7 117.1 1.5 -0.5 0.9 -0.2 -0.5

Nonelectrical machinery

21

23.490 95.0 95.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)

22

9.152 177.0 177.1 3.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines

3

10.057 114.2 114.3 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding automotives

4

12.450 109.8 109.6 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.2

Nondurables, manufactured

40

6.060 106.5 106.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

Durables, manufactured

41

4.957 107.5 106.9 -0.7 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.6

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2017 to October 2018 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Sept.
2018(1)
Index Percent change
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Annual Monthly
Oct.
2017
to
Oct.
2018
June
2018
to
July
2018
July
2018
to
Aug.
2018
Aug.
2018
to
Sept.
2018
Sept.
2018
to
Oct.
2018

Nonmanufacturing

  10.448 120.4 125.1 23.6 0.4 -2.2 1.9 3.9

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

1.945 178.7 189.8 -1.8 -4.1 2.2 5.9 6.2

Crop production

111

1.567 190.9 205.3 -3.0 -5.1 2.4 7.5 7.5

Animal production (Dec. 2014=100)

112

0.188 76.3 78.7 7.5 -0.7 0.7 -0.5 3.1

Mining

21

8.503 115.0 118.9 31.5 1.3 -3.2 1.1 3.4

Oil and gas extraction

211

8.266 115.4 119.3 32.6 1.4 -3.3 1.2 3.4

Manufacturing

  89.281 112.2 112.3 1.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Manufacturing, part 1

31

11.246 125.0 125.0 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0

Food manufacturing

311

3.359 155.5 155.7 -0.6 -0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

1.096 121.8 122.0 2.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.2

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)

313

0.381 100.2 100.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.1

Textile product mills

314

0.910 109.0 109.0 -0.4 0.0 0.3 -0.6 0.0

Apparel manufacturing

315

3.840 111.9 111.9 0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0

Leather and allied product manufacturing

316

1.661 123.3 123.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 2

32

18.539 129.3 129.6 6.6 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.2

Wood product manufacturing

321

0.999 135.1 124.0 -8.3 -2.9 -3.8 -2.5 -8.2

Paper manufacturing

322

1.081 115.8 115.9 9.4 1.8 1.8 -0.1 0.1

Printing and related support activities (Dec. 2016=100)

323

0.220 106.4 106.4 7.5 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.0

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

2.848 104.6 107.8 27.9 -0.1 1.0 -0.4 3.1

Chemical manufacturing

325

10.220 141.9 142.4 4.6 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.4

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.183 119.5 119.6 1.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

0.988 131.3 131.2 1.9 0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3

33

59.495 104.4 104.5 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.1

Primary metal manufacturing

331

4.348 153.5 155.3 4.3 -2.4 -2.1 -1.0 1.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

332

3.086 127.8 127.4 1.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.3

Machinery manufacturing

333

6.721 118.5 118.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

16.770 74.9 74.7 -1.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

4.878 116.1 116.1 0.9 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

16.647 109.5 109.6 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Furniture and related product manufacturing

337

1.770 117.5 117.3 1.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

5.274 118.3 118.6 0.9 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2017 to October 2018 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description NAICS Relative
import-
ance
Sept.
2018(1)
Index Percent change
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Annual Monthly
Oct.
2017
to
Oct.
2018
June
2018
to
July
2018
July
2018
to
Aug.
2018
Aug.
2018
to
Sept.
2018
Sept.
2018
to
Oct.
2018

Nonmanufacturing

  8.283 137.2 137.2 -0.4 -5.3 1.4 -0.9 0.0

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

11

4.765 145.5 145.1 -7.6 -8.7 1.6 -2.9 -0.3

Crop production

111

4.393 151.0 150.9 -7.5 -9.0 2.0 -3.3 -0.1

Mining

21

3.518 97.1 97.5 11.3 -0.3 1.2 2.0 0.4

Mining (except oil and gas)

212

1.139 113.1 113.0 5.4 1.1 -2.2 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing

  90.264 117.4 117.9 3.6 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.4

Manufacturing, part 1

31

6.872 139.5 138.8 -0.3 -0.9 -0.6 0.4 -0.5

Food manufacturing

311

4.651 156.0 155.2 -1.9 -0.8 -0.8 -0.1 -0.5

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

312

0.701 122.5 121.2 5.4 -3.4 -1.5 2.8 -1.1

Textile mills (Dec. 2016=100)

313

0.644 105.4 105.1 3.9 0.5 0.4 -0.4 -0.3

Leather and allied product manufacturing (Dec. 2016=100)

316

0.256 93.1 93.1 -2.6 -1.8 -0.3 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2

32

25.895 119.9 122.1 10.3 0.6 -0.1 0.3 1.8

Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)

321

0.534 102.8 101.4 - -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -1.4

Paper manufacturing

322

1.720 132.5 132.6 7.1 0.8 -0.2 0.5 0.1

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324

7.006 124.3 131.6 30.2 1.6 -0.6 1.1 5.9

Chemical manufacturing

325

13.332 120.0 120.5 4.4 0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.4

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

326

2.232 115.9 115.9 1.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

327

0.829 117.0 116.9 1.8 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3

33

57.497 114.1 114.0 1.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing

331

3.814 141.6 141.9 2.0 -2.0 -2.1 -0.1 0.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

332

3.040 141.0 141.7 2.6 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.5

Machinery manufacturing

333

8.957 127.7 128.2 2.0 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.4

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

334

13.964 83.4 83.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.5

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

335

3.861 118.3 117.8 1.8 -0.3 0.6 -0.1 -0.4

Transportation equipment manufacturing

336

18.117 127.2 127.3 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)

337

0.404 120.7 120.7 2.5 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

5.341 120.3 120.3 0.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
importance
Sept.
2018(1)
Index Percent change
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Annual Monthly
Oct.
2017
to
Oct.
2018
June
2018
to
July
2018
July
2018
to
Aug.
2018
Aug.
2018
to
Sept.
2018
Sept.
2018
to
Oct.
2018

Live animals; animal products

I

1.352 192.6 194.2 1.6 0.2 0.3 -0.4 0.8

Meat and edible meat offal

02

0.358 239.0 240.3 -2.9 -0.8 -0.4 -2.6 0.5

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates

03

0.706 141.8 142.4 1.7 0.7 -0.2 1.9 0.4

Vegetable products

II

1.920 210.7 226.0 -3.0 -4.8 3.0 6.7 7.3

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers

07

0.357 384.1 552.3 21.6 1.5 0.0 5.9 43.8

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

0.846 135.3 132.1 -12.8 -9.2 4.8 14.7 -2.4

Coffee, tea, mate and spices

09

0.302 201.4 204.3 -9.2 -1.0 -1.0 -3.6 1.4

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)

III

0.254 97.6 95.4 -18.6 -1.3 -1.1 -0.2 -2.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

2.783 166.2 165.5 2.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.4

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2012=100)

17

0.194 88.1 88.0 0.9 -0.1 -0.3 0.7 -0.1

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)

18

0.203 98.4 96.7 1.8 -1.2 -3.2 2.0 -1.7

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants

20

0.374 174.6 174.9 2.2 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.2

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)

21

0.207 103.3 103.0 - 1.1 0.1 0.0 -0.3

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar

22

1.037 132.0 132.2 2.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2

Mineral products

V

11.528 229.5 236.8 30.5 1.0 -2.1 0.7 3.2

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

11.266 227.3 234.8 31.3 0.8 -2.1 0.8 3.3

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

9.565 159.9 160.4 5.3 0.9 -0.1 0.3 0.3

Inorganic chemicals

28

0.642 326.6 334.6 23.0 0.5 -0.4 3.6 2.4

Organic chemicals

29

2.432 133.5 133.2 6.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.2

Pharmaceutical products

30

4.507 153.8 153.7 3.9 1.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)

31

0.267 83.5 89.8 14.2 -0.1 2.6 -0.5 7.5

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2011=100)

32

0.182 106.9 106.7 0.8 1.1 -0.9 -1.2 -0.2

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)

33

0.578 103.4 103.7 1.2 -0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

0.635 106.9 106.9 1.4 0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.0

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

3.392 141.3 141.6 0.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.2

Plastics and articles thereof

39

2.239 144.8 145.3 1.6 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.3

Rubber and articles thereof

40

1.153 136.7 136.3 -1.0 -0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.3

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc

VIII

0.630 124.9 124.9 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 0.0

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials

42

0.597 130.9 130.9 1.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork

IX

1.032 164.7 151.6 -7.8 -2.9 -3.7 -2.4 -8.0

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2014=100)

44

1.008 113.7 104.4 -8.0 -3.0 -3.7 -2.4 -8.2

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

1.131 121.3 121.3 9.4 2.0 0.9 -0.1 0.0

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard

48

0.736 111.0 111.4 8.1 2.2 0.7 -0.4 0.4

Printed matter (Dec. 2015=100)

49

0.215 111.9 111.1 5.9 0.9 0.4 0.1 -0.7

Textile and textile articles

XI

4.982 114.5 114.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted

61

2.000 104.4 104.5 0.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted

62

1.699 120.4 120.3 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.1

Made-up or worn textile articles

63

0.635 104.1 104.2 0.3 0.0 0.4 -0.2 0.1

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.

XII

1.373 122.4 122.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Footwear and parts of such articles

64

1.149 121.3 121.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.922 132.2 132.3 1.0 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.1

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2015=100)

68

0.331 99.8 99.7 2.6 0.0 -0.7 0.1 -0.1

Ceramic products

69

0.255 135.1 135.3 -0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Glass and glassware

70

0.336 132.3 132.5 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

2.935 167.3 168.7 -1.1 -1.7 -1.6 -0.7 0.8

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

5.552 179.9 180.5 3.6 -1.1 -1.2 -0.6 0.3

Iron and steel

72

1.357 230.6 230.8 13.0 0.7 -1.1 0.0 0.1

Articles of iron or steel

73

1.597 152.4 151.1 1.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.9

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.373 270.9 283.5 -2.9 -7.1 -4.7 -3.1 4.7

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

0.933 138.1 139.1 2.1 -1.8 -1.4 -0.9 0.7

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof

82

0.417 123.3 123.6 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2

Miscellaneous articles of base metal

83

0.511 137.0 136.8 -0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

28.584 80.4 80.3 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

14.016 86.8 86.8 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts

85

14.568 74.4 74.2 -1.2 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

13.872 114.2 114.3 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

12.688 113.3 113.4 0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)

88

1.095 114.9 115.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

3.811 102.2 102.5 0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments

90

3.525 98.8 99.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.2

Clocks and watches and parts thereof

91

0.226 142.3 143.7 -0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.4 1.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

4.294 112.8 112.9 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs

94

2.704 118.5 118.5 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

1.308 103.2 103.5 2.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

96

0.282 129.5 130.2 0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.5

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Harmo-
nized
system
Relative
import-
ance
Sept.
2018(1)
Index Percent change
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Annual Monthly
Oct.
2017
to
Oct.
2018
June
2018
to
July
2018
July
2018
to
Aug.
2018
Aug.
2018
to
Sept.
2018
Sept.
2018
to
Oct.
2018

Live animals; animal products

I

1.921 207.6 207.8 -0.5 0.7 -1.0 0.1 0.1

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)

02

1.132 160.5 160.1 -4.0 0.6 -1.9 -1.2 -0.2

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)

03

0.420 119.3 119.3 5.7 2.9 0.6 0.9 0.0

Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2017=100)

04

0.293 107.5 109.5 - -1.6 0.9 4.4 1.9

Vegetable products

II

4.418 183.4 184.1 -8.0 -8.9 1.6 -2.6 0.4

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons

08

0.808 130.6 129.2 -10.7 -5.3 -3.0 -0.3 -1.1

Cereals

10

1.404 190.5 190.9 6.8 -7.7 5.0 -3.2 0.2

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder

12

1.681 178.7 178.6 -10.5 -11.7 2.4 -6.9 -0.1

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco

IV

3.045 150.5 149.7 0.1 -1.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.5

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2009=100)

20

0.341 116.2 116.2 -0.9 -0.5 0.1 -0.5 0.0

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)

21

0.569 97.8 97.6 - -1.5 1.7 0.3 -0.2

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)

22

0.514 105.8 106.1 -5.2 -0.5 -1.0 -2.7 0.3

Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed

23

0.724 215.8 210.1 7.5 -4.3 -2.2 1.2 -2.6

Mineral products

V

10.863 251.3 261.4 23.5 0.9 0.0 1.3 4.0

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)

26

0.478 94.8 94.7 -8.0 -2.5 -7.3 -3.0 -0.1

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes

27

10.204 244.2 254.6 25.9 1.0 0.4 1.6 4.3

Products of the chemical or allied industries

VI

10.790 139.5 139.9 3.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3

Inorganic chemicals

28

0.672 151.7 146.7 -7.2 -5.5 -3.2 -0.7 -3.3

Organic chemicals

29

2.622 149.4 151.2 11.6 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.2

Pharmaceutical products

30

3.186 106.5 106.4 0.9 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2016=100)

31

0.273 127.9 132.5 26.7 0.5 1.6 4.1 3.6

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)

32

0.531 102.4 102.5 0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.1

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations

33

0.808 130.9 130.7 -1.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.2

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes

34

0.492 119.8 121.5 -3.6 -0.2 0.5 -0.1 1.4

Miscellaneous chemical products

38

1.823 154.0 154.6 5.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.4

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof

VII

5.195 145.1 145.7 4.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.4

Plastics and articles thereof

39

4.308 141.5 142.2 4.6 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.5

Rubber and articles thereof

40

0.887 159.3 159.3 2.1 -0.6 0.5 -0.1 0.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)

IX

0.661 102.9 100.5 -3.1 -0.5 -2.0 -1.4 -2.3

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products

X

2.087 133.5 136.0 12.3 1.1 -0.4 -0.9 1.9

Woodpulp and recovered paper

47

0.647 141.2 148.6 31.6 2.7 -1.7 -2.3 5.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard

48

1.104 129.6 130.0 4.5 0.6 0.1 -0.2 0.3

Printed material (Dec. 2014=100)

49

0.336 107.9 108.4 6.8 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.5

Textile and textile articles

XI

1.694 125.8 124.4 3.9 -1.0 1.2 -0.3 -1.1

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof

52

0.454 135.0 129.3 5.0 -3.2 2.3 -3.7 -4.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.

XIII

0.803 124.3 124.3 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2015=100)

68

0.270 102.6 102.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0

Glass and glassware

70

0.409 99.2 99.2 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins

XIV

3.926 230.4 232.0 -1.1 -1.5 -1.3 -0.7 0.7

Base metals and articles of base metals

XV

4.873 159.9 160.0 2.1 -0.7 -2.3 -0.2 0.1

Iron and steel

72

1.112 179.5 179.7 8.6 -0.1 -3.2 1.6 0.1

Copper and articles thereof

74

0.507 179.6 184.2 -3.4 -4.6 -5.2 -3.4 2.6

Aluminum and articles thereof

76

0.899 112.2 110.8 -4.4 -2.7 -5.3 -1.6 -1.2

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal (Dec. 2015=100)

82

0.314 100.0 100.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal

83

0.342 152.9 152.9 3.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.

XVI

27.537 97.8 97.7 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof

84

15.795 115.2 115.4 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof

85

11.743 79.0 78.6 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 -0.5

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

XVII

14.281 135.6 135.7 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts

87

8.272 116.4 116.6 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces

XVIII

5.936 109.4 108.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.5

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

XX

1.396 112.8 112.8 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;

94

0.818 129.9 129.9 1.2 1.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof

95

0.416 87.6 87.6 -1.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Sept.
2018(1)
Index Percent change
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Annual Monthly
Oct.
2017
to
Oct.
2018
June
2018
to
July
2018
July
2018
to
Aug.
2018
Aug.
2018
to
Sept.
2018
Sept.
2018
to
Oct.
2018

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 124.5 125.0 3.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.7 0.4

Nonmanufacturing

8.948 156.8 163.7 18.2 2.5 -2.9 -5.1 4.4

Manufacturing

90.555 121.3 121.4 2.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.1

Canada

100.000 133.5 135.2 6.8 -0.1 -1.2 -1.8 1.3

Nonmanufacturing

23.929 149.1 156.1 18.5 2.7 -2.9 -5.6 4.7

Manufacturing

75.233 133.0 133.2 3.1 -1.0 -0.5 -0.4 0.2

European Union

100.000 137.0 137.3 2.5 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.2

Manufacturing

98.992 133.5 133.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.2

France (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 128.4 128.8 2.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.3

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 111.9 111.9 -2.9 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 121.4 122.2 3.0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.7

Latin America(3)

100.000 152.5 153.4 4.4 0.1 -0.7 1.1 0.6

Nonmanufacturing

20.240 287.6 295.6 21.8 0.8 -1.6 5.7 2.8

Manufacturing

79.491 122.2 122.3 0.7 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.1

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 129.7 130.2 1.0 -0.4 0.1 0.9 0.4

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

10.234 157.6 163.6 19.4 2.2 1.0 11.3 3.8

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)

89.514 88.1 88.1 -0.7 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)

100.000 99.1 99.0 0.7 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)

100.000 100.2 100.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Japan

100.000 96.6 96.7 1.3 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Asian NICs(5)

100.000 88.7 88.9 1.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.2

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)

100.000 98.8 98.3 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.5

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)

100.000 197.1 202.4 24.6 0.3 -0.3 2.7 2.7

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
(5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.
(6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
(7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: October 2017 to October 2018 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Sept.
2018(1)
Index Percent change
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Annual Monthly
Oct.
2017
to
Oct.
2018
June
2018
to
July
2018
July
2018
to
Aug.
2018
Aug.
2018
to
Sept.
2018
Sept.
2018
to
Oct.
2018

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.000 102.5 102.7 - 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2

Nonmanufacturing

6.616 101.3 100.9 - 3.1 0.8 1.7 -0.4

Manufacturing

92.187 102.7 102.9 - -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2

Canada

100.000 104.3 104.7 - -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4

European Union

100.000 103.3 103.6 - 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.3

Nonmanufacturing

4.914 101.9 98.4 - -2.4 0.9 0.1 -3.4

Manufacturing

94.107 103.5 103.9 - 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.4

Germany

100.000 100.8 100.8 - -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 0.0

Latin America(3)

100.000 104.0 105.1 - 0.1 0.0 0.3 1.1

Nonmanufacturing

6.365 104.4 106.2 - -2.8 2.3 -1.2 1.7

Manufacturing

93.293 104.0 105.1 - 0.2 -0.1 0.4 1.1

Mexico

100.000 102.7 103.8 - 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.1

Nonmanufacturing

6.173 103.1 104.7 - -2.3 1.5 -0.9 1.6

Manufacturing

93.428 102.7 103.7 - 0.2 -0.1 0.1 1.0

Pacific Rim(4)

100.000 99.8 99.9 - -1.0 -0.4 -0.6 0.1

Nonmanufacturing

11.434 92.0 90.0 - -6.9 0.7 -4.9 -2.2

Manufacturing

86.243 101.1 101.3 - -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0.2

China

100.000 98.1 99.1 - -2.2 -0.2 -1.7 1.0

Nonmanufacturing

17.692 89.2 89.7 - -9.9 1.8 -6.4 0.6

Manufacturing

78.084 100.6 101.3 - -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.7

Japan

100.000 100.5 100.7 - -0.9 0.1 -0.3 0.2

Nonmanufacturing

14.828 98.6 98.8 - -5.6 1.4 -1.6 0.2

Manufacturing

84.255 100.9 101.0 - 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: October 2017 to October 2018(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Index Percent change
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Annual Monthly
Oct.
2017
to
Oct.
2018
June
2018
to
July
2018
July
2018
to
Aug.
2018
Aug.
2018
to
Sept.
2018
Sept.
2018
to
Oct.
2018

Industrialized Countries(2)

100.8 100.6 - -0.1 0.5 0.8 -0.2

Canada

102.7 101.8 - 0.1 1.3 2.2 -0.9

European Union

101.5 101.6 - 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.1

Germany

103.7 103.7 - 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 0.0

Latin America(3)

101.5 102.0 - 0.1 0.6 -0.8 0.5

Mexico

102.1 102.8 - 0.5 -0.1 -0.9 0.7

Pacific Rim(4)

99.1 99.3 - -0.9 -0.3 -0.5 0.2

China

98.0 99.1 - -2.1 0.0 -1.7 1.1

Japan

99.4 99.5 - -1.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Footnotes
(1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.
(2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
(3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
(4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Regions are not mutually exclusive.
Dash = Not available


Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: October 2017 to October 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]
Description Relative
import-
ance
Sept.
2018(1)
Index Percent change
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Annual Monthly
Oct.
2017
to
Oct.
2018
June
2018
to
July
2018
July
2018
to
Aug.
2018
Aug.
2018
to
Sept.
2018
Sept.
2018
to
Oct.
2018

Air Freight

Import Air Freight

100.000 188.9 193.4 10.5 -2.4 -0.4 0.8 2.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

23.393 145.7 150.4 5.0 -0.8 -0.3 -1.1 3.2

Asia

64.492 184.3 189.0 13.9 -3.3 -0.6 1.8 2.6

Export Air Freight

100.000 164.3 165.2 -1.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.5

Europe (Dec. 2006=100)

32.986 149.3 149.1 -0.7 -0.5 -0.1 0.8 -0.1

Inbound Air Freight

100.000 172.6 175.6 8.5 -2.0 -0.6 1.1 1.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

25.455 135.6 137.5 6.2 -0.2 -0.7 -0.1 1.4

Asia

59.544 164.5 168.1 8.0 -2.8 -0.7 1.9 2.2

Outbound Air Freight

100.000 145.1 144.3 2.8 3.5 3.3 -2.8 -0.6

Europe (Dec. 2003=100)

32.932 149.0 149.7 4.1 -0.7 0.1 0.6 0.5

Asia

43.893 142.9 140.3 4.7 8.5 7.7 -6.7 -1.8

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares

100.000 181.0 182.3 -2.2 -5.8 -8.8 10.7 0.7

Europe

43.357 211.5 217.4 2.5 -8.5 -12.2 20.3 2.8

Asia

22.405 132.3 133.2 -1.7 -7.9 -8.0 -0.6 0.7

Latin America/Caribbean

8.745 148.8 151.4 -2.4 2.3 -4.2 -5.5 1.7

Export Air Passenger Fares

100.000 151.2 148.5 -2.9 1.6 -3.7 -2.8 -1.8

Europe

30.391 198.5 198.2 -6.8 0.3 -11.1 4.8 -0.2

Asia

27.354 134.9 126.8 9.3 4.4 2.0 -7.1 -6.0

Latin America/Caribbean

23.268 153.2 150.1 -6.2 0.9 -1.5 -5.5 -2.0

Footnotes
(1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.
Dash = Not available


                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.


Last Modified Date: November 15, 2018