Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                     USDL-19-1983
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, November 15, 2019

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                        U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - OCTOBER 2019

U.S. import prices fell 0.5 percent in October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, following 
a 0.1-percent increase the previous month. The decrease in October was driven by lower petroleum prices, 
which declined 3.7 percent; prices for all imports excluding petroleum fell 0.1 percent. The price index for 
U.S. exports decreased 0.1 percent in October, after declining 0.2 percent in September.


Imports

Prices for U.S. imports decreased 0.5 percent in October, after rising 0.1 percent in September and declining 
0.6 percent in August. The U.S. import price index declined 3.0 percent from October 2018 to October 
2019. The 3.0-percent 12-month decrease was the largest over-the-year decline since the index fell 3.7 
percent during the period ended July 2016. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices declined 2.9 percent in October after increasing 1.5 percent the previous 
month. A 3.7-percent drop in petroleum prices drove the October decrease, more than offsetting a 32.0-
percent increase in natural gas prices. Fuel prices declined 13.7 percent over the past year. Prices for import 
petroleum fell 14.7 percent for the year ended in October and natural gas prices declined 1.6 percent over 
the same period.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports declined 0.2 percent in October following 2 
consecutive monthly decreases. Falling prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; foods, feeds, 
and beverages; consumer goods; and capital goods all contributed to the October decline. The price index 
for nonfuel imports declined 1.4 percent over the past 12 months, driven primarily by a 1.6-percent drop in 
capital goods prices and a 3.0-percent decrease in prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials decreased 0.9 
percent in October, after increasing 0.5 percent in September. The drop in October was driven by a 2.2-
percent decrease in prices for unfinished metals.

Finished Goods: Prices for imported finished goods mostly decreased in October. The price indexes for both 
consumer and capital goods declined 0.1 percent in October after each decreased 0.1 percent in September. 
The price index for automotive vehicles was unchanged in October after declining 0.1 percent the previous 
month.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for import foods, feeds, and beverages fell 0.4 percent in 
October following a 0.8-percent decrease in September. A 3.6-percent decrease in vegetable prices led the 
October decline.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2018
October	0.5	3.3	0.1	0.5	-0.1	0.5
November	-1.6	-12.2	-0.2	-0.8	1.7	-1.0
December	-1.4	-13.3	0.0	-0.6	3.8	-1.1
2019
January	0.2	4.6	-0.3	-0.6	-2.1	-0.4
February	1.0	10.2	0.1	0.6	0.2	0.7
March	0.6	7.2	-0.2	0.7	0.9	0.7
April	0.2	1.9	-0.1	0.1	-1.4	0.2
May	0.2	3.6	-0.3	-0.3	-1.1	-0.2
June	-1.1	-7.8	-0.3	-0.6	2.4	-0.9
July	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2
August	(r)-0.6	(r)-4.4	(r)-0.1	-0.6	(r)-2.4	-0.3
September	(r)0.1	(r)1.5	-0.1	-0.2	(r)-1.7	-0.1
October	-0.5	-2.9	-0.2	-0.1	1.9	-0.3
Oct. 2017 to 2018	3.4	29.3	0.6	3.1	-4.1	3.9
Oct. 2018 to 2019	-3.0	-13.7	-1.4	-2.2	2.2	-2.7
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports decreased 0.1 percent in October following a 0.2-percent drop in 
September and a 0.6-percent decrease in August. Price decreases for nonagricultural exports in October 
offset increased prices for agricultural exports. Overall export prices declined 2.2 percent over the past year, 
the largest 12-month decrease in the index since a 2.4-percent drop in August 2016. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices increased 1.9 percent in October, after falling 1.7 percent 
the previous month. A 4.9-percent increase in soybean prices drove the October advance. Agricultural 
export prices increased 2.2 percent from October 2018 to October 2019.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports decreased 0.3 percent in October 
following a 0.1-percent drop in September and a 0.3-percent decline in August. Price declines for 
nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials, capital goods, and consumer goods led the October 
decrease. The price index for nonagricultural exports fell 2.7 percent during the 12 months ended in 
October, the largest over-the-year decline since a 3.0-percent drop in July 2016. Lower prices for 
nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials led the October 12-month drop.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials decreased 0.6 percent in October following a 0.2-percent drop in September. The October 
decline was driven by lower prices for paper, chemicals, and nonferrous metals. Nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials prices fell 8.4 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since a 9.8-
percent decline in June 2016.

Finished Goods: Prices for export finished goods were mostly down in October. Capital goods prices fell 
0.3 percent; consumer goods prices decreased 0.2 percent; and prices for automotive vehicles were 
unchanged. The October decline in capital goods prices was led by a 1.5-percent drop in the price index for 
computers, peripherals, and semiconductors. Consumer goods prices were driven down by lower prices for 
household goods.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China decreased 0.1 percent in October, after 
falling 0.1 percent in each of the 2 previous months; import prices from China have not increased on a 
monthly basis since advancing 0.1 percent in May 2018. The price index for imports from China declined 
1.6 percent over the past year. Import prices from Japan edged up 0.1 percent in October following a 
decrease of 0.1 percent in September. Import prices from Japan increased 0.2 percent over the past 12 
months. Prices for imports from the European Union decreased 0.1 percent in October, after increasing 0.1 
percent the previous month. The price index for imports from Canada decreased 1.5 percent in October, the 
largest monthly decline since falling 4.4 percent in June 2019. Import prices from Canada rose 2.2 percent 
over the past year. Prices for imports from Mexico declined 0.3 percent in October following a 0.2-percent 
drop in September. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China declined 0.2 percent in October, after 
edging down 0.1 percent in September. Export prices to China fell 1.6 percent over the past year. Prices for 
exports to Japan rose 0.7 percent in October following a 0.3-percent increase the previous month. The price 
index for exports to Japan advanced 0.5 percent over the past year. Prices for exports to the European Union 
decreased 0.4 percent in October. Despite the October decline, export prices to the European Union rose 0.8 
percent over the past 12 months. The price index for exports to Canada increased 0.2 percent in October and 
export prices to Mexico decreased 0.2 percent. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 
decreased 0.1 percent in October, after recording no change in September. In October, lower export prices to 
China more than offset price declines for imports from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China 
was unchanged from October 2018 to October 2019. U.S. terms of trade with Japan increased 0.5 percent in 
October following a 0.4-percent advance in September. The U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 0.2 percent 
over the year ended in October. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union decreased 0.3 
percent in October, after declining 0.1 percent the previous month. The U.S terms of trade with Mexico 
ticked up 0.1 percent in October and decreased 1.3 percent over the past 12 months. U.S. terms of trade with 
Canada increased 1.7 percent in October and declined 2.6 percent over the past year. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 3.4 percent in October following a 9.1-percent advance in 
September. Higher Asian fares drove the October increase. Import air passenger fares fell 4.9 percent over 
the 12 months ended in October. Import air freight prices increased 1.4 percent in October and fell 9.2 
percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares declined 2.1 percent in October, after a 5.2-percent 
decrease the previous month. Lower Asian, Latin American/Caribbean, and European fares contributed to 
the October decline. Export air passenger fares fell 3.6 percent from October 2018 to October 2019. Export 
air freight prices increased 0.4 percent in October following a 1.4-percent drop in September. Prices for 
export air freight declined 1.5 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year decrease since a 
2.9-percent drop in November 2018.
		
Import and Export Price Index data for November are scheduled for release on Friday, December 13, 2019 at 
8:30 a.m. (EST).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2018 to October 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Sept. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2018 to Oct. 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019
All commodities		100.000	125.0	124.4	-3.0	0.0	-0.6	0.1	-0.5
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.680	99.1	98.9	-1.3	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
All imports excluding petroleum		89.957	111.8	111.7	-1.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		89.627	116.0	115.8	-1.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	5.947	176.7	176.0	-3.9	-0.4	-0.5	-0.8	-0.4
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.587	191.8	191.0	-5.1	-0.5	-1.2	-1.0	-0.4
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.361	143.1	142.6	0.4	-0.3	1.8	-0.1	-0.3
Industrial supplies & materials	1	24.356	187.3	184.0	-8.0	0.2	-2.1	0.9	-1.8
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.464	152.3	152.1	-3.1	0.0	-0.1	0.5	-0.1
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		13.985	174.8	173.3	-3.0	0.2	-0.3	0.5	-0.9
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.903	167.8	166.0	-1.1	0.7	0.1	1.0	-1.1
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.410	133.3	135.1	-5.7	-1.1	-0.4	-0.2	1.4
Fuels & lubricants	10	10.373	209.0	202.9	-13.7	0.1	-4.4	1.5	-2.9
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	10.043	229.5	220.9	-14.7	0.3	-4.7	1.5	-3.7
Crude	10000	7.197	235.5	223.1	-17.8	-0.8	-5.2	1.6	-5.3
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.329	75.0	91.7	-7.9	-6.0	6.3	0.9	22.3
Gas-natural	10110	0.240	59.4	78.4	-1.6	-3.7	6.4	1.5	32.0
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.553	115.7	114.3	-7.4	-3.1	-0.3	-0.6	-1.2
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.528	154.7	154.3	-5.9	-0.4	-1.1	-0.3	-0.3
Selected building materials	13	1.491	142.4	142.4	-2.1	0.9	-1.1	0.7	0.0
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.877	238.1	232.9	-0.1	1.0	0.8	2.1	-2.2
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.778	158.0	156.7	-2.5	0.4	0.0	0.3	-0.8
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.756	113.1	113.0	-1.0	0.1	0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Capital goods	2	27.806	88.0	87.9	-1.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.454	119.9	120.5	2.1	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.5
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.043	79.9	79.7	-2.6	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.3
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.310	136.9	136.9	1.7	-0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.719	109.6	109.6	-0.8	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.171	107.0	106.9	-0.4	0.2	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.509	123.9	123.9	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	12.400	91.4	91.2	-1.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.262	116.5	116.5	1.2	0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2018 to October 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Sept. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2018 to Oct. 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019
All commodities		100.000	125.2	125.1	-2.2	0.2	-0.6	-0.2	-0.1
Agricultural commodities		9.391	173.5	176.8	2.2	0.2	-2.4	-1.7	1.9
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		81.029	101.4	101.1	-0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.3
Nonagricultural commodities		90.609	121.5	121.1	-2.7	0.2	-0.3	-0.1	-0.3
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.772	177.7	181.1	3.3	0.2	-2.1	-1.6	1.9
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.145	175.5	179.1	3.5	0.2	-2.3	-1.8	2.1
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.627	218.2	219.5	1.4	0.5	1.3	1.5	0.6
Industrial supplies & materials	1	31.931	152.8	152.1	-8.3	0.5	-1.1	-0.3	-0.5
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.528	167.8	166.6	2.6	0.7	0.9	0.5	-0.7
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		21.404	146.4	145.9	-13.1	0.3	-2.1	-0.6	-0.3
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.215	166.3	168.0	-5.6	-0.3	-2.9	-1.0	1.0
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.716	152.5	151.6	-8.4	0.5	-1.0	-0.2	-0.6
Fuels & lubricants	11	10.199	175.3	175.3	-19.9	1.4	-3.4	-0.6	0.0
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.535	157.5	156.2	-2.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	-0.8
Selected building materials	13	0.982	119.4	117.9	-3.2	-0.7	-0.8	0.2	-1.3
Capital goods	2	36.418	110.9	110.6	0.5	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.3
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.780	117.3	117.1	0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3	-0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.818	94.9	94.6	-0.4	-0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.3
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	8.821	182.8	182.6	3.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.241	114.2	114.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.637	110.5	110.3	0.5	0.3	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.983	107.9	108.1	1.3	0.7	-0.4	-0.4	0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	5.206	107.6	107.1	-0.2	-0.4	0.4	-0.2	-0.5
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.448	99.2	99.0	-	0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2018 to October 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Sept. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2018 to Oct. 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019
Nonmanufacturing		9.646	111.8	107.6	-13.1	-0.9	-4.3	0.9	-3.8
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.847	172.1	169.9	-9.8	-0.7	-2.5	-1.6	-1.3
Crop production	111	1.480	182.8	180.1	-11.7	-1.1	-3.5	-1.9	-1.5
Mining	21	7.799	105.7	101.2	-13.9	-1.0	-4.7	1.4	-4.3
Oil and gas extraction	211	7.544	105.4	100.7	-14.7	-0.9	-4.9	1.5	-4.5
Manufacturing		90.055	110.9	110.8	-1.3	0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.226	125.0	125.0	0.0	-0.1	0.2	-0.2	0.0
Food manufacturing	311	3.368	153.8	153.7	-1.2	-0.8	0.0	-0.3	-0.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.152	125.5	125.4	2.8	0.1	2.4	-0.4	-0.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.367	99.8	99.9	-0.2	2.0	-1.1	-0.2	0.1
Textile product mills	314	0.928	108.0	108.1	-0.8	-0.7	0.0	-0.3	0.1
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.773	112.6	112.5	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.637	123.1	123.0	-0.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	17.552	125.8	125.6	-2.9	0.6	-0.9	0.2	-0.2
Paper manufacturing	322	1.024	110.4	109.3	-5.9	-1.7	-0.3	-0.5	-1.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.621	102.2	101.9	-5.5	4.0	-3.6	1.5	-0.3
Chemical manufacturing	325	9.569	138.5	138.3	-2.3	0.1	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.265	118.6	118.9	-0.7	-0.3	0.0	-0.2	0.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.036	130.7	130.7	-0.4	-0.3	0.2	-0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	61.278	103.5	103.3	-1.2	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.449	157.7	154.2	-0.7	0.8	0.3	1.5	-2.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.129	126.7	126.4	-0.9	0.0	0.2	0.1	-0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.335	119.0	118.7	0.2	0.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.3
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.196	72.2	72.3	-3.3	-0.4	-0.3	0.0	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.181	117.5	117.4	1.0	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.703	108.9	108.9	-0.5	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.868	116.3	116.2	-1.0	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.417	118.7	118.3	-0.3	0.0	0.2	0.3	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2018 to October 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Sept. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2018 to Oct. 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019
Nonmanufacturing		8.673	126.3	127.8	-6.8	-0.8	-3.3	-0.8	1.2
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.598	143.8	149.2	2.8	0.0	-4.2	-2.1	3.8
Crop production	111	4.254	149.7	155.7	3.1	-0.1	-4.6	-2.3	4.0
Mining	21	4.074	81.0	79.6	-18.2	-1.7	-2.3	0.7	-1.7
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.257	109.4	108.9	-4.6	-1.3	-0.3	-3.5	-0.5
Manufacturing		90.120	116.5	116.3	-1.4	0.3	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.792	140.0	139.9	0.3	0.3	-0.4	-0.8	-0.1
Food manufacturing	311	4.640	157.8	157.7	1.0	0.4	-0.2	-1.1	-0.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.656	121.9	122.5	0.2	0.8	-0.3	-0.9	0.5
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.013	113.5	113.5	-7.0	0.9	-1.4	-0.5	0.0
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.516	96.0	95.4	-6.0	-0.5	-1.0	-0.3	-0.6
Paper manufacturing	322	1.652	121.7	119.7	-9.9	-1.6	-1.4	-0.6	-1.6
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.038	105.7	106.9	-18.7	3.5	-3.8	-1.7	1.1
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.413	118.1	117.8	-2.3	0.2	-0.6	-0.3	-0.3
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.303	117.2	117.2	1.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.862	119.3	119.1	2.4	0.0	0.0	1.4	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	58.315	115.4	115.2	1.1	0.0	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.250	153.5	152.8	7.8	1.7	2.6	1.4	-0.5
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.020	148.3	149.2	5.1	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.6
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.645	130.1	130.6	2.1	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.936	82.1	81.4	-2.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	-0.9
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.817	117.4	117.3	-0.5	0.0	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.827	128.9	128.8	1.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.400	122.5	122.5	1.5	-0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.421	120.6	120.5	0.1	-0.2	0.6	-0.2	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2018 to October 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Sept. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2018 to Oct. 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	1.395	195.2	193.8	0.2	-0.3	0.7	-0.7	-0.7
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.378	261.5	258.7	7.9	-1.2	0.5	-0.9	-1.1
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.732	139.0	137.8	-3.1	-0.1	0.6	-0.9	-0.9
Vegetable products	II	1.804	203.0	199.6	-11.1	-1.3	-2.9	-1.5	-1.7
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.489	502.8	476.9	-11.4	-7.9	6.6	1.0	-5.2
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.596	105.2	104.7	-20.7	1.9	-9.9	-8.0	-0.5
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.341	203.4	199.2	-2.6	-0.1	-3.3	6.5	-2.1
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.222	83.3	84.9	-11.0	0.4	0.7	-2.1	1.9
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.866	166.5	166.8	0.7	0.0	0.9	-0.2	0.2
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.220	95.3	98.3	1.7	0.6	-1.8	-1.3	3.1
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.368	172.4	171.9	-1.7	0.6	0.6	0.1	-0.3
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.103	135.7	135.6	2.5	0.1	2.5	-0.4	-0.1
Mineral products	V	10.361	209.3	203.4	-13.5	0.0	-4.2	1.4	-2.8
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	10.043	206.3	200.3	-14.0	0.0	-4.4	1.4	-2.9
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	8.942	156.5	156.6	-1.8	0.4	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.495	280.9	285.2	-14.8	-0.5	-3.9	0.8	1.5
Organic chemicals	29	2.016	126.1	126.9	-4.0	-0.2	-0.5	-0.4	0.6
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.418	154.7	154.7	1.7	1.4	0.2	0.0	0.0
Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)	31	0.271	81.8	77.2	-14.4	-6.6	-0.6	3.2	-5.6
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.601	103.2	103.4	-0.2	0.6	-0.4	-0.4	0.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.579	102.2	102.1	-4.5	0.4	-0.4	-0.9	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.479	139.9	140.0	-1.1	-0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.326	142.6	142.7	-1.8	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.153	136.5	136.8	0.4	-0.7	-0.4	0.0	0.2
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.618	123.9	124.0	-0.7	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.1
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.591	130.5	130.6	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.851	144.9	145.1	-5.0	1.7	-2.3	1.5	0.1
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.075	116.7	116.0	-4.7	-2.0	-0.4	-0.5	-0.6
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.724	109.1	108.4	-3.0	-0.9	-0.3	-0.7	-0.6
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.897	114.4	114.4	-0.1	0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.992	105.5	105.5	1.0	0.8	0.1	0.0	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.646	120.8	120.6	0.2	-0.1	0.2	0.0	-0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.638	101.6	101.8	-2.2	-1.2	-0.4	-0.4	0.2
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.364	122.4	122.3	-0.1	0.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.132	121.3	121.2	-0.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.950	131.8	131.6	-0.5	-0.2	0.3	-0.3	-0.2
Ceramic products	69	0.267	135.7	135.7	0.4	-0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.941	191.9	190.4	12.9	2.9	1.5	3.5	-0.8
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.786	172.9	170.1	-5.9	-0.6	-0.1	-0.2	-1.6
Iron and steel	72	1.323	213.1	204.9	-11.0	-1.5	0.4	-0.7	-3.8
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.713	148.8	147.4	-2.8	-0.6	0.2	-0.3	-0.9
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.421	264.6	262.8	-8.1	1.3	-3.1	-0.8	-0.7
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.972	127.0	124.3	-10.6	-0.3	-1.5	-0.9	-2.1
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.444	123.7	123.6	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.519	136.0	134.5	-1.9	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-1.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.017	79.1	79.1	-1.6	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.888	85.1	84.8	-2.3	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.129	73.5	73.7	-0.9	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.3
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.921	113.2	113.2	-1.0	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.746	112.3	112.3	-0.9	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)	88	1.064	113.0	113.1	-1.7	-0.6	0.0	0.0	0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.999	101.7	101.6	-1.0	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.725	98.2	98.1	-1.0	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Clocks and watches and parts thereof	91	0.212	144.0	143.2	-0.1	1.0	0.1	0.5	-0.6
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.439	111.6	111.4	-1.3	-0.3	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.788	117.5	117.5	-0.9	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.380	101.8	101.6	-1.7	-0.6	0.3	0.0	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.272	128.7	126.5	-2.8	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-1.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2018 to October 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Sept. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2018 to Oct. 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	1.979	213.8	212.4	2.0	-0.1	-0.1	-1.7	-0.7
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.150	164.8	160.7	-0.2	0.2	-0.9	-3.9	-2.5
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.411	120.4	121.3	1.5	0.4	1.8	1.5	0.7
Vegetable products	II	4.314	186.1	192.9	4.7	0.2	-4.5	-2.3	3.7
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	1.006	140.2	139.0	7.6	-2.5	-0.8	3.6	-0.9
Cereals	10	1.265	177.6	190.3	-0.3	-0.5	-5.0	-8.6	7.2
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.650	182.8	190.1	6.1	1.7	-3.0	-0.8	4.0
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.014	152.5	154.9	2.4	0.8	-0.5	-1.0	1.6
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.574	98.7	100.3	2.7	0.7	0.1	-0.1	1.6
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.537	107.0	115.8	8.7	2.4	-1.6	-3.6	8.2
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.684	209.1	207.0	-2.3	0.8	-0.9	-2.8	-1.0
Mineral products	V	10.331	211.8	210.9	-19.2	1.4	-3.4	-0.4	-0.4
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.412	98.5	98.8	3.6	-0.5	1.7	0.2	0.3
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.719	203.1	202.1	-20.5	1.5	-3.6	-0.4	-0.5
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.948	137.9	137.7	-1.6	0.1	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.745	149.2	148.4	0.4	1.2	-1.1	-0.4	-0.5
Organic chemicals	29	2.560	140.2	139.1	-7.8	-0.8	-0.6	-1.2	-0.8
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.091	107.5	107.5	0.7	1.1	-0.1	-0.4	0.0
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.552	104.5	105.8	3.2	1.3	1.6	-2.2	1.2
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.854	130.4	130.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.5	-0.1	0.0
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.498	125.2	125.2	3.6	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.989	156.3	156.1	1.0	-0.6	-0.1	0.4	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.190	142.0	141.2	-3.1	0.0	-0.6	-0.8	-0.6
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.310	139.0	138.0	-3.0	-0.1	-0.6	-0.8	-0.7
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.880	153.4	153.5	-3.7	0.5	-0.3	-0.2	0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.618	94.3	93.4	-7.2	-0.8	-1.0	-1.3	-1.0
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.860	121.5	118.9	-13.3	-1.6	-0.1	-0.7	-2.1
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.085	124.9	124.1	-4.5	-0.2	-0.6	-0.1	-0.6
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.686	117.3	117.9	-5.4	-0.2	-3.1	-0.1	0.5
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.449	109.3	112.7	-12.6	-1.9	-6.5	0.6	3.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.831	128.2	128.2	3.1	-0.1	0.0	0.6	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.561	262.8	261.7	12.8	2.3	3.1	1.5	-0.4
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.652	155.9	153.9	-3.6	-0.6	-0.2	-0.9	-1.3
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.468	173.1	169.9	-7.7	-0.3	-3.0	0.2	-1.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.673	98.7	98.6	-11.0	-1.1	-1.3	-2.9	-0.1
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.338	154.1	154.1	0.8	-0.1	0.3	-0.1	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.291	97.8	97.3	-0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	-0.5
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.460	116.1	115.8	0.3	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.3
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.832	78.1	77.5	-1.4	-0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.8
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.854	137.0	137.1	1.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.371	116.2	116.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.968	110.5	110.8	1.6	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.385	112.8	112.7	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.771	130.6	130.6	0.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.460	88.6	88.6	1.1	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: October 2018 to October 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sept. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2018 to Oct. 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	126.7	126.0	1.1	0.2	-0.4	0.2	-0.6
Nonmanufacturing	10.868	183.1	177.0	12.5	-0.3	-2.0	1.4	-3.3
Manufacturing	88.593	121.3	121.2	-0.2	0.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.1
Canada	100.000	138.9	136.8	2.2	-0.4	-0.8	0.4	-1.5
Nonmanufacturing	29.928	179.7	173.2	15.9	-0.6	-1.8	1.6	-3.6
Manufacturing	69.264	129.7	129.0	-3.2	-0.3	-0.4	0.0	-0.5
European Union	100.000	136.9	136.8	-0.3	0.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.1
Manufacturing	98.646	133.2	133.1	-0.4	0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.5	127.3	-1.1	0.5	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	112.7	112.5	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.2
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	121.9	122.1	-0.2	0.6	-0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	146.8	144.7	-6.3	-0.3	-0.7	0.1	-1.4
Nonmanufacturing	16.520	253.0	242.8	-20.1	-1.5	-6.0	0.0	-4.0
Manufacturing	83.217	120.3	119.3	-2.5	-0.1	0.3	0.1	-0.8
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.1	126.7	-2.9	-0.1	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.118	132.8	132.0	-20.9	1.1	-10.0	-1.6	-0.6
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.636	87.6	87.3	-0.9	-0.2	0.7	0.0	-0.3
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	97.9	97.7	-1.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.5	98.4	-1.6	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Japan	100.000	96.8	96.9	0.2	0.0	0.2	-0.1	0.1
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	98.9	98.6	-	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.3
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	87.2	86.8	-2.5	0.5	-0.6	-0.6	-0.5
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.3	97.2	-1.1	0.8	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	176.8	172.4	-14.7	-0.3	-3.2	0.9	-2.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: October 2018 to October 2019 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sept. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2018 to Oct. 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	102.9	102.9	0.2	0.3	-0.4	0.0	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	8.116	104.4	104.6	5.0	-1.2	-5.1	0.7	0.2
Manufacturing	90.741	103.0	103.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Canada	100.000	103.9	104.1	-0.6	0.2	-0.7	-0.1	0.2
European Union	100.000	105.0	104.6	0.8	0.7	-0.3	0.0	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	6.962	101.3	101.3	2.6	-2.6	-2.7	-1.5	0.0
Manufacturing	91.909	105.3	104.9	0.8	1.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.4
Germany	100.000	104.6	104.3	3.3	1.2	0.0	0.3	-0.3
Latin America(3)	100.000	100.1	100.2	-4.8	0.7	-1.1	-0.4	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	6.801	100.7	102.7	-4.0	-0.7	-1.4	-2.9	2.0
Manufacturing	92.773	100.1	100.0	-4.9	0.9	-1.1	-0.2	-0.1
Mexico	100.000	99.7	99.5	-4.1	0.6	-0.6	-0.6	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	5.883	94.1	95.8	-8.5	-0.4	-1.5	-2.6	1.8
Manufacturing	93.623	100.1	99.7	-3.9	0.7	-0.6	-0.4	-0.4
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	100.1	100.4	0.5	0.8	-0.5	-0.1	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	14.191	98.2	99.8	10.5	4.0	-3.4	-0.8	1.6
Manufacturing	84.010	101.0	101.1	-0.2	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.1
China	100.000	97.5	97.3	-1.6	0.6	-1.1	-0.1	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	20.004	93.7	93.8	4.6	0.3	-3.9	0.0	0.1
Manufacturing	76.926	100.2	100.1	-0.9	0.9	-0.4	0.0	-0.1
Japan	100.000	100.5	101.2	0.5	0.7	-0.6	0.3	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	17.814	97.8	98.9	-0.1	0.1	-4.7	-2.5	1.1
Manufacturing	80.887	100.6	101.2	0.2	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: October 2018 to October 2019(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Annual	Monthly
			Oct. 2018 to Oct. 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	99.4	100.0	-0.9	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.6
Canada	98.3	100.0	-2.6	0.6	0.1	-0.5	1.7
European Union	103.2	102.9	1.1	0.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Germany	106.8	106.7	2.6	1.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Latin America(3)	101.5	103.1	1.6	1.1	-0.4	-0.5	1.6
Mexico	101.2	101.3	-1.3	0.7	-0.3	-0.4	0.1
Pacific Rim(4)	100.6	101.1	1.8	0.9	-0.4	0.0	0.5
China	99.1	99.0	0.0	0.8	-1.0	0.0	-0.1
Japan	99.2	99.7	0.2	0.6	-0.7	0.4	0.5
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: October 2018 to October 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sept. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2018 to Oct. 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	173.1	175.6	-9.2	-2.5	-0.4	-0.3	1.4
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.425	145.5	145.7	-3.1	-2.6	1.0	-0.1	0.1
Asia	59.250	160.3	164.2	-13.1	-2.8	-1.1	-0.6	2.4
Export Air Freight	100.000	162.1	162.8	-1.5	0.7	-1.2	-1.4	0.4
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	32.227	150.5	150.4	0.7	0.5	-0.6	-0.7	-0.1
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	160.1	162.1	-7.7	-2.2	-2.1	-0.6	1.2
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.654	132.6	132.7	-3.5	-4.3	-0.1	0.5	0.1
Asia	55.984	146.0	149.2	-11.2	-1.6	-3.5	-1.3	2.2
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	141.8	143.3	-0.7	2.6	-1.5	-3.1	1.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	34.355	154.7	154.9	3.5	0.4	-0.3	0.0	0.1
Asia	42.892	131.5	133.9	-4.6	6.2	-3.8	-6.7	1.8
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	167.6	173.3	-4.9	-9.9	-8.2	9.1	3.4
Europe	54.826	192.6	192.9	-11.3	-12.7	-12.2	18.9	0.2
Asia	19.434	124.0	128.4	-3.6	-11.8	-5.1	-1.5	3.5
Latin America/Caribbean	6.526	147.6	153.5	1.4	6.1	-4.6	-7.9	4.0
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	146.3	143.2	-3.6	3.3	-3.1	-5.2	-2.1
Europe	28.380	186.2	180.8	-8.8	3.2	-11.4	1.1	-2.9
Asia	27.946	130.6	125.2	-1.3	1.6	3.2	-10.3	-4.1
Latin America/Caribbean	25.562	154.1	151.5	0.9	6.7	-3.0	-6.4	-1.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.