U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-23-2424
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, November 16, 2023

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                              U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - OCTOBER 2023                               

U.S. import prices declined 0.8 percent in October, after increasing 0.4 percent in September, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower fuel and nonfuel prices contributed to the decrease. Prices 
for U.S. exports fell 1.1 percent in October following a 0.5-percent rise the previous month.

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports fell 0.8 percent in October, the first monthly drop since June 2023. The 
October decrease was the largest 1-month decline since the index fell 0.8 percent in March 2023. Prices for 
U.S. imports decreased 2.0 percent for the year ended October 2023. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel declined 6.3 percent in October, after advancing 6.3 percent the 
previous month. The October drop was the first 1-month decrease since May 2023 and the largest monthly 
decline since a 6.3-percent drop in September 2022. Lower prices in October for both petroleum and natural 
gas contributed to the decrease in fuel prices. The price index for import fuel fell 11.2 percent from October 
2022 to October 2023. Import petroleum prices declined 6.5 percent in October following a 6.8-percent 
increase in September and an 8.9-percent advance in August. The October decrease was the largest 1-month 
drop since January 2023. Import petroleum prices fell 9.6 percent over the past year. Prices for import 
natural gas decreased 5.3 percent in October, after declining 6.7 percent the previous month. Natural gas 
prices fell 49.9 percent for the year ended in October.   

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices declined 0.2 percent for the third consecutive month in 
October. Prices for nonfuel imports have not recorded a monthly advance since a 0.4-percent increase in 
February 2023. Lower prices in October for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; capital goods; foods, 
feeds, and beverages; and consumer goods more than offset higher prices for automotive vehicles. The price 
index for nonfuel imports fell 0.9 percent over the past 12 months.   

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for import foods, feeds, and beverages decreased 0.6 percent in 
October, after declining 0.4 percent the previous month. Lower prices in October for fish and shellfish were 
the largest contributor to the decline in foods, feeds, and beverages prices.   

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 0.5 percent 
in October and have not increased on a monthly basis since February 2023. Lower prices in October for 
both finished and unfinished metals led the decline in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices.     

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods import categories were mixed in October. Import 
capital goods prices declined 0.2 percent, after being unchanged in September. The October drop was the 
largest monthly decrease since November 2019. Lower prices for computers, peripherals, and 
semiconductors led the October drop in capital goods prices. Consumer goods prices edged down 0.1 
percent in October and have not recorded a 1-month advance since May 2023. In contrast, the price index 
for automotive vehicles rose 0.3 percent in October following a 0.1-percent increase the previous month.     

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2022
October	-0.3	-2.2	-0.1	-0.5	-0.6	-0.5
November	-0.8	-3.9	-0.3	-0.4	2.8	-0.9
December	0.1	-2.3	0.4	-3.0	-2.4	-3.1
2023
January	-0.4	-4.8	0.2	0.2	-0.8	0.3
February	-0.2	-5.6	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.3
March	-0.8	-4.4	-0.5	-0.4	-1.8	-0.2
April	0.3	4.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.4	-0.1
May	-0.4	-5.0	0.0	-2.1	-2.3	-2.1
June	-0.2	1.1	-0.3	-0.6	-1.4	-0.5
July	(r)0.0	1.2	-0.1	(r)0.3	0.5	0.4
August	0.6	8.8	-0.2	(r)1.2	-2.1	(r)1.6
September	(r)0.4	(r)6.3	-0.2	(r)0.5	(r)-1.2	(r)0.7
October	-0.8	-6.3	-0.2	-1.1	-1.1	-1.0
Oct. 2021 to 2022	4.2	16.7	2.9	7.2	10.9	6.8
Oct. 2022 to 2023	-2.0	-11.2	-0.9	-4.9	-8.5	-4.5
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports fell 1.1 percent in October following a 0.5-percent increase in September. The 
decline in October was the largest monthly drop since a 2.1-percent decrease in May 2023. Lower prices for 
nonagricultural and agricultural exports each contributed to the October decline. U.S. export prices fell 4.9 
percent for the year ended in October. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Export agricultural prices declined 1.1 percent in October, after falling 1.2 percent 
the previous month. Lower prices in October for soybeans more than offset higher prices for corn and meat. 
The price index for agricultural exports declined 8.5 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month 
decrease since June 2023. Export agricultural prices last rose on an over-the-year basis in February 2023.     

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports fell 1.0 percent in October 
following a 0.7-percent increase in September. The October decline was the largest 1-month decrease since 
the index fell 2.1 percent in May 2023. Lower prices in October for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials, consumer goods, and nonagricultural foods more than offset higher prices for capital goods and 
automotive vehicles. Prices for nonagricultural exports declined 4.5 percent over the past year.  

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
fell 2.5 percent in October, the largest 1-month drop since the index declined 5.0 percent in May 2023. 
Lower fuel prices in October drove the overall decrease in nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials 
prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods export categories were mixed in October. Prices for 
export capital goods advanced 0.2 percent following 0.1-percent increases in September and August. Capital 
goods prices have not recorded a monthly decline since November 2022. The price index for automotive 
vehicles rose 0.2 percent in October, after advancing 1.0 percent the previous month. Higher prices for 
vehicles designed to transport goods drove the October rise in automotive vehicles prices. In contrast, export 
consumer goods prices declined 0.3 percent for the third consecutive month in October.  

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China were unchanged in October, after edging down 
0.1 percent the previous month. Prices for imports from China have not increased on a monthly basis since 
October 2022. The price index for imports from China decreased 2.8 percent over the past year, the largest 
12-month decline since October 2009. Import prices from Japan rose 0.4 percent in October, the largest 
monthly advance since rising 0.5 percent in July 2023. Prices for imports from Japan increased 0.6 percent 
for the year ended October 2023. The price index for imports from Canada decreased 2.3 percent in October 
following a 1.4-percent advance in September. The October drop was the largest monthly decline since a 
4.0-percent decrease in February 2023. Import prices from Canada fell 6.7 percent over the past 12 months. 
Prices for imports from Mexico declined 0.6 percent in October and import prices from the European Union 
declined 0.3 percent over the same period. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China declined 0.9 percent in October, after rising 0.6 
percent in September. Prices for exports to China also decreased on a 12-month basis in October, falling 4.8 
percent. The price index for exports to Japan fell 0.4 percent in October following 0.1-percent declines in 
each of the 2 previous months. Export prices to Japan decreased 8.8 percent from October 2022 to October 
2023. In contrast, prices for exports to Canada ticked up 0.1 percent in October, after increasing 0.3 percent 
in September. Despite the recent advances, export prices to Canada declined 0.8 percent over the past year. 
Prices for exports to Mexico and the European Union fell in October, decreasing 1.3 percent and 0.8 
percent, respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China fell 0.9 
percent in October, after rising 0.7 percent in September. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China 
declined 2.1 percent over the past year. U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 0.8 percent in October 
following consecutive 0.1-percent declines in each of the past 2 months. Lower export prices to Japan and 
higher import prices from Japan each contributed to the decline. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 9.3 
percent over the past year. In contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with Canada rose 2.3 percent in 
October, the largest monthly increase since February 2023. U.S. terms of trade with Mexico and the 
European Union decreased 0.6 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively, in October. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 2.5 percent in October following a 9.9-percent increase the 
previous month. The October rise was led by higher Latin American/Caribbean and Asian fares, which more 
than offset lower European fares. Despite the recent advances, import air passenger fares declined 5.2 
percent over the past year. Import air freight prices ticked up 0.1 percent in October, after increasing 4.1 
percent in September. Higher Asian and European air freight prices drove the October advance. In spite of 
the recent increases, import air freight prices fell 18.4 percent for the year ended in October. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares declined 0.6 percent in October, after falling 4.5 percent 
in September and 8.8 percent in August. Lower European and Asian fares in October more than offset 
higher Latin American/Caribbean fares. Export air passenger fares decreased 6.2 percent from October 2022 
to October 2023. Prices for export air freight fell 2.6 percent in October following a 1.0-percent advance in 
September. The decline in October was the largest 1-month drop since a 2.8-percent decrease in June 2023. 
Lower Asian and European air freight prices in October each contributed to the drop in export air freight 
prices. Export air freight prices fell 11.3 percent over the past 12 months.   
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for November 2023 are scheduled for release on Thursday, 
December 14, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2022 to October 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Sep. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2023	Oct. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2022 to Oct. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023	Sep. 2023 to Oct. 2023
All commodities		100.000	140.9	139.8	-2.0	0.0	0.6	0.4	-0.8
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		82.677	107.6	107.4	-1.3	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	-0.2
All imports excluding petroleum		90.191	123.1	122.9	-1.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		89.801	126.9	126.7	-0.9	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	7.125	213.4	212.1	3.9	2.1	0.5	-0.4	-0.6
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.731	237.6	236.7	6.3	2.7	0.5	-0.2	-0.4
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.394	155.9	153.5	-5.1	-0.5	0.7	-1.3	-1.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	25.309	252.1	244.9	-8.9	-0.5	2.7	1.9	-2.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		15.717	197.6	196.3	-9.0	-1.0	-0.6	-0.9	-0.7
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		15.124	221.1	219.9	-7.6	-1.3	-0.9	-0.8	-0.5
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.546	215.4	212.9	-6.1	-1.4	-0.6	-0.8	-1.2
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.954	177.0	177.3	-12.8	-0.6	-0.7	-1.0	0.2
Fuels & lubricants	10	10.199	318.9	298.9	-11.2	1.2	8.8	6.3	-6.3
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	9.809	345.6	323.3	-9.6	0.8	8.9	6.8	-6.5
Crude petroleum	10000	6.278	359.2	339.0	-3.2	3.4	8.8	8.1	-5.6
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.390	160.0	152.8	-42.8	9.3	9.4	-5.0	-4.5
Natural gas	10110	0.282	134.6	127.4	-49.9	13.7	13.4	-6.7	-5.3
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.508	136.2	138.1	-9.6	-1.5	-2.4	-2.8	1.4
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	5.056	193.0	193.8	-10.2	-1.3	-1.4	-0.4	0.4
Selected building materials	13	1.728	189.7	188.1	-5.6	1.7	0.3	-0.7	-0.8
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.751	310.6	308.0	-10.2	-3.5	-1.4	-1.2	-0.8
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	2.312	216.1	212.1	-1.4	-0.5	-0.3	-0.5	-1.9
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.755	123.7	122.1	-4.0	-0.3	0.0	-0.4	-1.3
Capital goods	2	27.574	93.4	93.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
Electric generating equipment	20	3.731	129.9	129.6	0.9	-0.2	0.4	0.2	-0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.449	84.2	84.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.395	153.0	152.9	3.9	0.5	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	12.830	118.7	119.0	1.6	0.6	0.0	0.1	0.3
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	27.163	109.8	109.7	-0.3	-0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.707	125.0	125.0	0.4	-0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	13.507	95.3	95.2	-0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	0.949	123.1	123.0	-5.2	-2.1	-0.7	0.1	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2022 to October 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Sep. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2023	Oct. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2022 to Oct. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023	Sep. 2023 to Oct. 2023
All commodities		100.000	150.0	148.4	-4.9	0.3	1.2	0.5	-1.1
Agricultural commodities		10.489	233.2	230.6	-8.5	0.5	-2.1	-1.2	-1.1
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		72.705	113.9	113.6	0.3	-0.5	0.1	0.1	-0.3
All exports excluding fuels (June 2022=100)		82.271	98.7	98.4	0.0	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Nonagricultural commodities		89.511	143.5	142.1	-4.5	0.4	1.6	0.7	-1.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.566	234.0	231.4	-9.1	0.6	-2.4	-1.6	-1.1
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	9.198	236.4	233.8	-8.7	0.7	-2.5	-1.5	-1.1
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.368	187.9	187.0	-16.9	-2.5	-1.2	-2.8	-0.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	38.778	205.4	200.3	-12.0	0.7	3.7	1.6	-2.5
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.670	208.4	205.4	-2.2	-1.7	0.0	0.0	-1.4
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		28.108	201.3	195.6	-14.8	1.7	5.2	2.2	-2.8
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.260	220.6	218.8	-6.7	-1.0	1.3	0.4	-0.8
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		37.517	204.9	199.8	-12.1	0.8	3.8	1.6	-2.5
Fuels & lubricants	11	17.729	263.7	252.5	-19.3	4.8	8.3	3.7	-4.2
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	18.987	189.4	187.5	-4.3	-2.4	0.3	-0.2	-1.0
Selected building materials	13	0.802	148.1	148.9	-4.3	-0.4	0.8	0.5	0.5
Capital goods	2	30.696	121.5	121.7	2.3	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.2
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.391	136.3	136.6	2.0	-0.1	-0.5	-0.3	0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.446	101.7	101.9	1.4	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	4.859	211.7	211.6	6.8	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	8.254	125.7	126.0	3.4	0.2	0.3	1.0	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.706	119.1	118.7	1.5	0.0	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.708	110.4	110.2	1.3	0.2	-0.4	-0.4	-0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	4.776	120.0	118.9	2.2	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.9
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.223	127.2	127.2	-0.9	-0.7	-1.0	-0.8	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2022 to October 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Sep. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2023	Oct. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2022 to Oct. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023	Sep. 2023 to Oct. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		9.143	163.5	156.6	-2.6	3.2	6.8	5.6	-4.2
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.241	224.1	220.6	10.2	4.8	0.7	1.7	-1.6
Crop production	111	1.796	233.5	230.7	9.7	4.9	0.6	2.2	-1.2
Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)	112	0.271	115.9	112.3	-	5.8	2.2	-1.9	-3.1
Mining	21	6.902	162.2	153.9	-6.1	2.7	8.9	7.1	-5.1
Oil and gas extraction	211	6.625	161.1	152.4	-7.0	3.6	9.2	7.3	-5.4
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2022=100)	212	0.276	111.6	114.0	-	-14.4	4.3	1.2	2.2
Manufacturing		90.530	122.0	121.5	-2.0	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	-0.4
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.276	137.9	137.9	-0.4	-0.2	0.1	-0.7	0.0
Food manufacturing	311	4.139	184.8	185.1	-1.0	-0.4	0.4	-2.0	0.2
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.181	141.2	141.1	5.0	0.4	0.4	0.1	-0.1
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.181	118.7	118.7	-0.8	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.365	127.2	127.2	-0.2	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	19.928	144.3	142.1	-7.0	-0.9	0.9	0.5	-1.5
Paper manufacturing	322	0.945	120.4	121.5	-6.5	-0.7	-1.2	-1.9	0.9
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	3.307	153.9	140.5	-19.3	-3.1	9.1	4.8	-8.7
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.911	148.9	149.3	-5.0	-0.9	-0.6	-0.3	0.3
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.620	133.5	132.1	-1.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-1.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.063	145.1	144.9	2.2	-0.3	-0.2	-0.5	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.326	112.3	112.1	-0.5	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.605	215.9	212.8	-8.7	-2.0	-1.1	-1.3	-1.4
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.264	147.3	146.7	-1.9	-0.6	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.688	131.9	131.4	3.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.592	72.5	72.5	-2.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.936	127.5	127.3	0.4	0.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	13.037	117.7	117.9	1.6	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	2.003	129.2	129.2	0.2	0.0	-0.4	0.2	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	6.200	127.8	127.7	1.4	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2022 to October 2023 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Sep. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2023	Oct. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2022 to Oct. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023	Sep. 2023 to Oct. 2023
Nonmanufacturing		15.049	181.4	176.9	-18.3	4.2	1.3	2.2	-2.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.050	192.8	189.4	-14.5	1.9	-4.2	-2.5	-1.8
Crop production	111	4.726	203.2	199.6	-15.5	1.8	-4.5	-2.8	-1.8
Mining	21	9.999	115.7	112.4	-20.4	5.6	4.6	4.8	-2.9
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	8.714	104.1	100.2	-22.2	7.0	5.8	5.6	-3.7
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.285	132.1	135.5	-3.8	-2.0	-2.2	-0.2	2.6
Manufacturing		83.321	134.9	133.9	-2.4	-0.2	1.1	0.2	-0.7
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.852	172.5	171.5	-4.3	-0.7	0.1	-0.2	-0.6
Food manufacturing	311	5.086	204.1	202.6	-5.0	-0.5	0.1	-0.1	-0.7
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.516	140.8	141.7	-0.8	-3.2	0.5	0.1	0.6
Manufacturing, part 2	32	26.543	139.8	137.3	-8.1	-0.1	3.7	0.6	-1.8
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.403	115.8	116.3	-6.1	-0.7	0.5	1.2	0.4
Paper manufacturing	322	1.473	138.6	138.2	-11.4	1.8	-0.7	-0.6	-0.3
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	7.409	171.0	161.4	-18.0	2.8	14.7	2.5	-5.6
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.024	131.8	131.4	-3.2	-1.6	0.0	-0.2	-0.3
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.279	134.5	134.1	2.4	0.3	0.1	0.5	-0.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.763	132.6	132.7	2.0	0.9	0.2	-0.2	0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	49.927	128.9	128.6	1.3	-0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.146	197.9	191.1	-8.7	-2.2	-0.5	-0.8	-3.4
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.519	150.5	150.6	4.7	0.3	0.5	0.1	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.697	83.1	83.2	-1.5	-0.2	0.0	0.1	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.525	135.0	135.0	2.5	0.1	-0.4	-0.4	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	12.149	145.3	145.6	4.8	0.1	0.2	0.8	0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.886	138.2	138.1	2.6	0.1	-0.4	-0.2	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2022 to October 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Sep. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2023	Oct. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2022 to Oct. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023	Sep. 2023 to Oct. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	1.543	234.2	229.7	-0.5	0.8	1.4	-2.1	-1.9
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.406	324.6	324.6	1.0	2.8	0.1	-3.3	0.0
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.762	148.1	144.0	-9.4	-1.5	1.3	-2.0	-2.8
Vegetable products	II	2.182	252.4	250.1	5.0	3.2	0.2	-0.7	-0.9
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.596	538.1	524.9	8.4	10.5	-0.6	2.7	-2.5
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.763	121.9	122.6	16.9	5.9	-1.0	0.2	0.6
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.376	293.3	287.3	-8.9	-2.5	1.3	-1.4	-2.0
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.376	145.8	147.4	-3.7	-0.9	4.1	-2.3	1.1
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.379	197.1	197.6	4.2	0.5	0.4	-0.1	0.3
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.217	117.0	120.3	11.3	0.1	1.0	0.5	2.8
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.253	126.2	127.3	24.6	2.1	1.1	1.0	0.9
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2022=100)	21	0.389	97.6	98.9	-	-0.5	0.1	-0.2	1.3
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.112	155.0	154.9	5.2	0.4	0.4	0.2	-0.1
Mineral products	V	10.316	327.0	306.4	-10.9	0.7	8.8	6.3	-6.3
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.981	320.6	299.3	-11.6	1.3	9.1	6.4	-6.6
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.418	170.7	171.3	-2.3	-0.9	0.1	-0.1	0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.611	507.9	514.3	-6.3	-1.8	-3.1	3.0	1.3
Organic chemicals	29	2.339	142.9	144.2	-0.6	-1.1	-0.6	0.6	0.9
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.192	147.2	147.0	0.5	-0.7	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100)	31	0.332	62.6	63.4	-	-4.8	10.2	-10.7	1.3
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)	32	0.206	103.0	102.0	-	-1.0	1.9	0.1	-1.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.809	118.2	118.3	-1.3	-1.2	-0.5	0.0	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.057	155.3	154.7	-3.4	-0.4	-1.1	-0.4	-0.4
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.618	153.6	152.3	-6.4	-0.6	-1.5	-0.6	-0.8
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.440	161.8	162.4	2.7	-0.1	-0.4	0.1	0.4
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.940	126.5	127.6	-6.9	-1.0	-1.5	-1.8	0.9
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.386	120.4	120.2	-0.8	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.210	126.5	126.5	-0.8	-0.4	0.1	-0.2	0.0
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.196	126.9	126.9	-0.1	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	0.948	123.8	123.8	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.926	137.4	137.1	2.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.5	-0.2
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.339	101.9	101.8	-0.5	0.0	0.0	-1.0	-0.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.326	108.0	107.8	6.3	-0.4	-0.6	-0.4	-0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.142	222.6	216.9	-5.9	-4.1	0.9	-0.9	-2.6
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.079	228.7	227.6	-4.0	-0.3	-1.2	-0.9	-0.5
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.804	197.4	196.1	-3.8	0.0	-0.9	-1.9	-0.7
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.523	368.3	358.4	3.4	0.3	2.2	-3.2	-2.7
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.041	186.6	186.4	0.2	-0.1	-1.8	0.1	-0.1
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.446	132.3	132.0	1.8	0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.541	146.7	144.5	-4.6	-0.3	-0.2	0.1	-1.5
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.664	82.5	82.4	-0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.156	89.7	89.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.3
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.508	75.8	75.9	-0.8	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	10.838	122.3	122.5	1.2	0.7	-0.1	0.1	0.2
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	10.326	121.4	121.7	1.4	0.7	-0.1	0.1	0.2
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.512	107.2	107.2	-0.3	0.0	-0.5	-0.4	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.135	108.5	108.5	3.0	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.838	103.9	104.1	2.8	0.1	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.810	120.3	120.1	0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.2
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.732	127.5	127.4	-0.2	0.0	-0.3	0.2	-0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.779	106.8	106.5	0.1	-0.5	0.7	0.1	-0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.299	147.8	147.6	8.4	0.2	0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2022 to October 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Sep. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
			Sep. 2023	Oct. 2023	Annual	Monthly
					Oct. 2022 to Oct. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023	Sep. 2023 to Oct. 2023
Live animals; animal products	I	2.047	259.4	260.8	-7.2	-1.0	-0.3	0.6	0.5
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.286	219.6	222.2	-1.1	0.4	0.5	-0.9	1.2
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100)	03	0.216	76.2	75.4	-	-3.8	-2.3	-4.2	-1.0
Vegetable products	II	4.780	253.6	248.0	-14.3	1.8	-4.9	-2.8	-2.2
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.777	130.9	133.2	1.6	-4.1	-1.8	1.1	1.8
Cereals	10	1.559	255.4	257.9	-25.7	-4.1	-6.8	-5.3	1.0
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.903	281.4	263.7	-12.7	10.5	-5.8	-3.3	-6.3
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.992	185.6	184.2	-2.2	-1.0	0.2	-0.5	-0.8
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.680	119.0	117.8	7.2	0.4	0.5	-0.4	-1.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.464	108.0	108.1	0.2	-0.5	-0.2	-0.6	0.1
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.719	284.7	281.8	-18.8	-4.7	-0.2	-1.7	-1.0
Mineral products	V	17.466	316.3	303.6	-19.3	4.6	8.7	3.8	-4.0
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.462	123.9	127.8	7.8	-7.2	2.7	-1.0	3.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	16.784	304.6	291.6	-20.1	5.0	9.0	4.0	-4.3
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	12.614	160.9	160.1	-2.9	-0.9	-0.4	-0.3	-0.5
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.424	108.2	107.8	1.9	0.4	-0.2	-0.4	-0.4
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.862	148.4	148.4	5.0	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1	0.0
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.481	139.0	139.0	2.7	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.294	192.7	192.6	4.0	0.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	4.510	157.2	157.1	-0.4	-1.1	0.1	0.4	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	3.716	154.2	153.5	-1.2	-1.5	0.1	0.6	-0.5
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.795	170.0	172.4	3.4	0.8	0.2	-0.2	1.4
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.465	107.0	106.2	-10.2	-1.4	1.3	1.0	-0.7
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.620	139.1	140.2	-6.7	1.9	0.1	-0.9	0.8
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.428	129.1	131.9	-19.7	6.3	-1.4	-0.8	2.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.954	145.0	145.4	-1.7	0.4	0.8	-1.0	0.3
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.507	165.0	163.8	-13.1	-0.6	3.9	0.4	-0.7
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.747	148.9	149.1	2.4	1.2	0.2	0.0	0.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.373	114.3	114.6	1.8	2.8	0.0	0.0	0.3
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.426	305.4	296.0	-6.3	-2.7	-0.5	-1.0	-3.1
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.457	209.7	207.0	0.0	-0.3	-0.3	0.4	-1.3
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.585	262.3	251.1	3.0	0.2	1.9	-0.3	-4.3
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.643	139.7	143.5	-0.2	-2.7	-0.4	-1.3	2.7
Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec. 2022=100)	83	0.319	103.0	102.8	-	1.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	25.763	106.7	106.8	2.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.006	130.8	131.1	4.5	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.2
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.757	81.6	81.5	-1.2	-0.1	-0.2	0.2	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	9.120	152.2	152.5	3.0	0.1	0.3	0.9	0.2
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	6.894	127.0	127.4	2.5	0.3	0.2	1.1	0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.610	118.3	118.5	3.9	0.5	0.3	0.0	0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.190	134.9	134.9	0.2	-0.6	-0.4	-0.3	0.0
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi	94	0.568	147.8	147.8	-1.8	-0.8	0.0	-0.6	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.485	117.8	117.9	3.8	-0.4	0.1	0.0	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: October 2022 to October 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sep. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sep. 2023	Oct. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2022 to Oct. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023	Sep. 2023 to Oct. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	146.8	145.4	-1.9	0.4	1.2	0.3	-1.0
Nonmanufacturing	12.326	281.0	266.5	-5.0	3.0	9.4	5.8	-5.2
Manufacturing	87.168	136.4	135.9	-1.3	0.1	0.1	-0.3	-0.4
Canada	100.000	179.9	175.8	-6.7	1.5	3.1	1.4	-2.3
Nonmanufacturing	34.079	277.3	262.4	-5.8	3.0	10.1	6.0	-5.4
Manufacturing	65.063	157.0	155.9	-7.1	0.8	-0.1	-0.8	-0.7
European Union	100.000	156.1	155.6	1.9	0.3	0.4	-0.3	-0.3
Manufacturing	99.166	151.8	151.3	2.1	0.2	0.4	-0.3	-0.3
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	150.6	149.3	4.6	-0.3	0.1	-0.7	-0.9
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	124.6	123.9	-1.6	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.6
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	137.6	136.7	1.4	0.4	0.2	0.9	-0.7
Latin America(3)	100.000	171.7	170.9	0.3	0.9	-0.2	0.9	-0.5
Nonmanufacturing	14.909	347.7	335.1	-0.4	4.7	3.2	4.0	-3.6
Manufacturing	84.790	137.4	137.6	0.7	0.3	-0.8	0.3	0.1
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	146.7	145.8	2.9	1.8	0.5	0.1	-0.6
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	9.636	186.9	176.0	8.4	17.2	2.0	-1.7	-5.8
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	90.070	99.5	99.4	2.6	0.5	0.2	0.4	-0.1
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	102.8	102.7	-1.7	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	101.6	101.6	-2.8	-0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Japan	100.000	101.3	101.7	0.6	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.4
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	109.6	110.0	-1.2	-0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.4
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	95.9	95.7	-3.1	-0.2	0.6	0.0	-0.2
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	101.1	101.0	-2.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	225.6	220.6	-8.8	2.5	4.3	0.9	-2.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: October 2022 to October 2023 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sep. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sep. 2023	Oct. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2022 to Oct. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023	Sep. 2023 to Oct. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	120.9	120.1	-1.5	0.8	0.9	0.4	-0.7
Nonmanufacturing	13.327	148.1	145.4	-6.7	7.6	3.8	3.2	-1.8
Manufacturing	84.909	118.0	117.5	-0.4	0.0	0.5	0.0	-0.4
Canada	100.000	128.5	128.6	-0.8	0.6	0.7	0.3	0.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	7.931	139.6	139.7	-11.9	5.1	3.1	2.1	0.1
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	90.378	119.9	120.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3
European Union	100.000	119.6	118.7	-0.7	1.2	0.7	1.0	-0.8
Nonmanufacturing	17.096	154.6	148.3	-0.5	5.5	5.2	7.1	-4.1
Manufacturing	81.185	113.7	113.7	-0.5	0.6	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Germany	100.000	118.1	116.9	2.8	1.5	0.4	0.1	-1.0
Latin America(3)	100.000	126.4	124.5	-9.3	0.5	2.7	1.0	-1.5
Nonmanufacturing	8.935	139.3	142.4	-31.7	5.9	-0.3	0.1	2.2
Manufacturing	90.495	125.8	123.5	-6.2	-0.1	3.2	1.1	-1.8
Mexico	100.000	126.1	124.5	-7.2	0.9	1.9	0.5	-1.3
Nonmanufacturing	7.680	118.9	124.8	-36.7	10.5	-2.4	-1.2	5.0
Manufacturing	91.759	127.8	125.6	-3.2	0.2	2.3	0.6	-1.7
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	113.9	113.7	-4.2	0.2	0.4	0.4	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	21.714	124.5	124.5	-12.5	3.1	1.5	1.1	0.0
Manufacturing	77.157	112.9	112.7	-0.8	-0.5	0.1	0.0	-0.2
China	100.000	109.1	108.1	-4.8	0.9	-0.4	0.6	-0.9
Nonmanufacturing	28.096	112.3	109.5	-11.9	3.9	-0.5	0.7	-2.5
Manufacturing	70.797	110.2	110.0	-1.5	-0.2	-0.5	0.6	-0.2
Japan	100.000	110.3	109.9	-8.8	-1.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	23.899	118.2	118.2	-25.9	-1.8	0.4	-1.4	0.0
Manufacturing	75.041	108.5	108.1	0.0	-0.9	-0.3	0.3	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: October 2022 to October 2023(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Sep. 2023	Oct. 2023	Annual	Monthly
			Oct. 2022 to Oct. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023	Sep. 2023 to Oct. 2023
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.8	101.1	0.4	0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.3
Canada	93.9	96.1	6.3	-0.8	-2.4	-0.9	2.3
European Union	103.1	102.7	-2.5	1.0	0.3	1.3	-0.4
Germany	109.1	108.6	4.5	1.7	0.2	0.4	-0.5
Latin America(3)	109.6	108.5	-9.6	-0.4	2.8	0.2	-1.0
Mexico	110.9	110.2	-9.8	-0.9	1.4	0.4	-0.6
Pacific Rim(4)	109.0	108.9	-2.6	0.3	0.3	0.4	-0.1
China	107.5	106.5	-2.1	1.2	-0.4	0.7	-0.9
Japan	104.0	103.2	-9.3	-1.8	-0.1	-0.1	-0.8
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: October 2022 to October 2023 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Sep. 2023(1)	Index		Percent change
		Sep. 2023	Oct. 2023	Annual	Monthly
				Oct. 2022 to Oct. 2023	Jun. 2023 to Jul. 2023	Jul. 2023 to Aug. 2023	Aug. 2023 to Sep. 2023	Sep. 2023 to Oct. 2023
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	231.1	231.3	-18.4	0.8	-8.3	4.1	0.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	24.451	185.7	186.0	-24.9	-11.0	4.1	-7.7	0.2
Asia	75.081	231.9	232.6	-16.0	5.6	-12.9	9.1	0.3
Export Air Freight	100.000	179.7	175.0	-11.3	-0.2	2.0	1.0	-2.6
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	25.908	144.4	140.1	-6.7	2.0	0.3	1.1	-3.0
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	53.641	142.9	138.1	-15.1	0.4	2.8	0.8	-3.4
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	166.9	165.1	-22.0	0.6	-3.4	3.7	-1.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.766	148.9	147.7	-12.9	-6.3	6.1	-6.4	-0.8
Asia	61.449	157.1	155.4	-26.2	4.5	-8.3	10.1	-1.1
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	180.3	185.5	-18.7	-6.9	-0.1	8.0	2.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.795	173.6	172.1	-11.6	1.6	-0.8	0.9	-0.9
Asia	54.775	198.1	211.6	-21.9	-13.1	0.1	13.0	6.8
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	173.9	178.3	-5.2	-9.2	-14.1	9.9	2.5
Europe	48.091	206.8	205.2	-2.6	-11.0	-18.4	17.7	-0.8
Asia	5.766	170.9	177.4	-6.7	-6.4	-11.0	3.1	3.8
Latin America/Caribbean	14.494	138.6	150.0	-2.8	-1.7	-9.9	-2.8	8.2
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	179.6	178.6	-6.2	4.2	-8.8	-4.5	-0.6
Europe	22.674	237.7	228.7	2.4	3.1	-13.0	0.8	-3.8
Asia	12.164	199.4	193.7	-4.6	3.9	0.2	-10.8	-2.9
Latin America/Caribbean	52.034	174.3	175.1	-8.9	4.3	-9.7	-4.3	0.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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