Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                      USDL-18-1940
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                         U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - NOVEMBER 2018

U.S. import prices declined 1.6 percent in November, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
following a 0.5-percent rise the previous month. The November drop was primarily led by lower fuel prices. 
The price index for U.S. exports fell 0.9 percent in November, after advancing 0.5 percent in October.

Imports

Prices for U.S. imports decreased 1.6 percent in November, the largest monthly decline since a 1.8-percent 
drop in August 2015. Despite the November drop, import prices increased 0.7 percent over the past 12 
months, the smallest over-the-year advance since the index increased 0.2 percent from November 2015 to 
November 2016. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices decreased 11.0 percent in November following a 3.2-percent rise the 
previous month. The November drop was the largest 1-month decline since the index fell 15.6 percent in 
January 2016. A 12.1-percent decrease in petroleum prices led the November decline in fuel prices and was 
the largest monthly drop since petroleum prices fell 17.2 percent in January 2016. The November decline in 
petroleum prices more than offset a 12.8-percent advance in natural gas prices that followed a 22.3-percent 
increase for that index in October. Despite the decrease in November, fuel prices rose 4.6 percent over the 
past year. The price index for petroleum increased 4.4 percent for the year ended in November, and natural 
gas prices advanced 11.6 percent over the same period.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports fell 0.3 percent in November, after ticking up 0.1 
percent in October. Lower foods, feeds, and beverages prices were the largest factor for the November 
decline in nonfuel prices, although prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials and capital goods also 
decreased. The price index for nonfuel imports increased 0.3 percent over the past 12 months, driven by 
higher prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; consumer goods; and automotive vehicles.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 0.4 percent 
in November, after recording no change the previous month. The decline was led by a 0.7-percent drop in 
unfinished metals prices and a 1.4-percent drop in prices for selected building materials.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices recorded little movement in November. The price index for capital 
goods edged down 0.1 percent and prices for consumer goods and automotive vehicles each recorded no 
change.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages declined 2.2 percent in November 
following advances of 2.2 percent in October and 2.0 percent in September. The November downturn was 
led by a 10.8-percent drop in fruit prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2017
November	1.0	9.8	0.0	0.5	-0.7	0.7
December	0.2	3.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.3	0.0
2018
January	0.8	3.3	0.5	0.7	0.0	0.8
February	0.2	-1.8	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.2
March	-0.2	-2.6	0.1	0.4	3.2	0.1
April	0.5	4.0	0.1	0.5	-1.1	0.7
May	0.9	6.1	0.2	0.7	1.6	0.6
June	0.0	2.6	-0.3	0.2	-1.0	0.3
July	-0.1	0.8	-0.2	-0.5	-5.2	0.1
August	-0.4	-2.1	-0.2	-0.1	(r)0.4	-0.2
September	(r)0.0	(r)-0.1	0.0	0.0	(r)-1.2	0.2
October	0.5	(r)3.2	(r)0.1	(r)0.5	(r)-0.2	0.5
November	-1.6	-11.0	-0.3	-0.9	1.8	-1.0
Nov. 2016 to 2017	3.5	24.8	1.5	3.1	2.1	3.3
Nov. 2017 to 2018	0.7	4.6	0.3	1.8	-1.7	2.2
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports declined 0.9 percent in November, the largest 1-month decrease since the index fell 
0.9 percent in January 2016 and 1.1 percent in December 2015. Lower nonagricultural prices in November 
more than offset rising agricultural prices. Despite the November decline, U.S. export prices increased 1.8 
percent over the past year. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 1.8 percent in November, after falling 
0.2 percent in October and 1.2 percent in September. The November advance was the largest increase since 
the index rose 3.2 percent in March. Higher prices for fruit, soybeans, and corn all contributed to the 
November increase in agricultural prices. Despite the November increase, agricultural export prices declined 
1.7 percent from November 2017 to November 2018. A 10.7-percent drop in soybeans prices and a 12.3-
percent decline in nut prices over the past year were the primary factors for the decrease in overall 
agricultural prices.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices fell 1.0 percent in November following 
a 0.5-percent increase the previous month and a 0.2-percent advance in September. The November drop was 
the largest monthly decrease since the index declined 1.1 percent in December 2015. Lower nonagricultural 
industrial supplies and materials prices led the November decrease in nonagricultural export prices, with 
falling prices for consumer goods and automotive vehicles also contributing to the decline. Despite the 
decline in November, prices for nonagricultural exports increased 2.2 percent over the past 12 months.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials decreased 3.1 percent in November, the largest 1-month decline since the index fell 3.1 percent in 
December 2015. The November drop was driven by an 8.6-percent decrease in export fuel prices.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly down in November. The price indexes for consumer 
goods and automotive vehicles each edged down 0.1 percent. Prices for capital goods recorded no change in 
November and in each of the previous 2 months, though the index rose 1.5 percent for the year ended in 
November and has not fallen on a monthly basis since a 0.1-percent decline in October 2016.



Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China edged down 0.1 percent in 
November, after falling 0.3 percent the previous month. A decrease in the computer and electronic product 
manufacturing price index was a primary contributor to both the November and October declines. Prices for 
imports from China have not recorded a monthly rise since ticking up 0.1 percent in May and fell 0.3 
percent for the year ended in November. Import prices from Japan decreased 0.1 percent in November 
following a 0.1-percent increase in October. The price index for imports from Japan rose 1.2 percent over 
the past year. In November, prices for imports from Canada declined 3.4 percent, from Mexico 1.4 percent, 
and from the European Union 0.5 percent. Lower petroleum prices in November contributed to the declines 
in each of the indexes. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China edged down 0.1 percent in November 
following a 0.8-percent advance in October and a 1.7-percent decline in September. The price index for 
exports to Japan recorded no change in November, after a 0.2-percent advance and a 0.3-percent decrease in 
the previous 2 months. Export prices to Canada rose 0.3 percent in November. The price index for exports 
to Canada has not recorded a monthly decline since July. Prices for exports to the European Union fell 0.4 
percent in November, after rising 0.4 percent in October. Export prices to Mexico decreased 1.3 percent in 
November following a 1.1-percent increase the previous month. The November declines for the price 
indexes for exports to the European Union and Mexico were both the largest 1-month drops since the 
indexes were first published in December 2017. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 
recorded no change in November as both export prices to China and import prices from China fell 0.1 
percent for the month. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan ticked up 0.1 percent for the second 
consecutive month, after edging down 0.1 percent in September. The U.S. terms of trade with Canada rose 
3.9 percent in November, the largest 1-month change since the index was first published in December 2017. 
The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico rose 0.2 percent and 0.1 percent, 
respectively. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares advanced 0.7 percent for the second consecutive month in November. 
Those increases followed a 10.7-percent increase in September. Higher European and Latin 
American/Caribbean fares each contributed to the November rise. The index for import air passenger fares 
also advanced 0.7 percent over the past 12 months. Import air freight prices rose 1.2 percent in November, 
after increasing 2.4 percent the previous month. Prices for import air freight advanced 4.7 percent over the 
past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares ticked up 0.1 percent in November, after falling 8.0 
percent for the 3 months ended in October. Export air passenger fares fell 3.3 percent over the past year, 
matching the largest 12-month decline since a 5.8-percent drop in December 2017. Export air freight prices 
declined 0.3 percent in November, the largest 1-month decrease since the index fell 6.2 percent in December 
2017. Prices for export air freight declined 3.1 percent for the year ended in November.

Import and Export Price Index data for December are scheduled for release on Wednesday, January 16, 2019 
at 8:30 a.m. (EST).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2017 to November 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Oct. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2017 to Nov. 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018
All commodities		100.000	128.2	126.2	0.7	-0.4	0.0	0.5	-1.6
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		81.967	100.2	100.0	0.4	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
All imports excluding petroleum		88.561	113.4	113.1	0.4	-0.3	0.1	0.2	-0.3
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		88.052	117.5	117.1	0.3	-0.2	0.0	0.1	-0.3
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.085	183.6	179.6	-1.7	0.5	2.0	2.2	-2.2
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.794	202.1	196.4	-2.5	0.7	2.3	2.9	-2.8
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.291	141.8	141.9	1.4	-0.1	0.8	-0.2	0.1
Industrial supplies & materials	1	26.106	199.8	189.3	3.2	-1.4	-0.3	1.4	-5.3
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.877	156.9	157.0	2.5	-1.0	-0.5	0.5	0.1
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		14.146	178.6	177.9	2.1	-1.0	-0.4	0.0	-0.4
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.895	167.9	166.9	0.7	-1.4	-0.9	-0.4	-0.6
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.771	143.2	144.5	5.1	-0.3	0.0	2.0	0.9
Fuels & lubricants	10	11.948	234.5	208.7	4.6	-2.1	-0.1	3.2	-11.0
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	11.439	258.4	227.1	4.4	-2.1	0.0	2.7	-12.1
Crude	10000	8.183	270.5	230.5	2.8	-3.1	0.1	2.5	-14.8
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.509	99.8	108.7	10.5	-3.0	-1.8	15.6	8.9
Gas-natural	10110	0.357	81.8	92.3	11.6	-5.0	-2.6	22.3	12.8
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.595	122.9	123.2	12.8	1.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.730	163.8	163.7	3.6	-0.2	0.2	0.9	-0.1
Selected building materials	13	1.533	145.2	143.1	-6.3	-2.6	-1.7	-4.9	-1.4
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.836	233.5	231.8	1.8	-2.0	-1.4	1.3	-0.7
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.784	160.7	160.3	2.0	-1.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.680	114.1	114.2	3.5	0.6	0.3	-0.5	0.1
Capital goods	2	26.345	89.2	89.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.207	117.9	117.9	0.6	0.1	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	20.930	81.7	81.5	-0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.208	134.6	134.6	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.647	110.5	110.5	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	25.818	107.2	107.2	0.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.3	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.737	123.2	123.0	1.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.3	-0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	11.801	92.4	92.4	-0.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.280	115.1	115.6	0.9	1.0	0.3	-0.2	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2017 to November 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Oct. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2017 to Nov. 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018
All commodities		100.000	127.9	126.8	1.8	-0.1	0.0	0.5	-0.9
Agricultural commodities		9.419	173.0	176.1	-1.7	0.4	-1.2	-0.2	1.8
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.247	101.5	101.4	1.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Nonagricultural commodities		90.581	124.4	123.1	2.2	-0.2	0.2	0.5	-1.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.848	175.4	178.8	-1.4	0.6	-1.3	0.2	1.9
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.213	173.1	176.8	-1.9	0.5	-1.4	0.2	2.1
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.635	216.5	217.2	6.5	0.9	1.1	-0.1	0.3
Industrial supplies & materials	1	32.383	165.8	160.8	4.0	-0.5	0.2	1.4	-3.0
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.097	162.3	162.5	0.2	-2.3	-0.6	0.1	0.1
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		22.285	167.7	160.2	5.8	0.3	0.6	2.0	-4.5
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.206	178.1	177.8	0.5	-0.2	0.1	-2.4	-0.2
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		31.177	165.5	160.3	4.1	-0.6	0.3	1.5	-3.1
Fuels & lubricants	11	10.905	219.0	200.1	7.9	0.5	1.4	4.1	-8.6
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.279	159.4	159.1	2.5	-1.1	-0.3	0.3	-0.2
Selected building materials	13	0.993	121.7	121.3	-2.1	-1.2	-0.5	-1.1	-0.3
Capital goods	2	36.374	110.1	110.1	1.5	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.868	117.1	117.2	1.4	0.9	-0.2	-0.5	0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.393	95.1	95.0	0.8	0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.113	177.1	177.2	3.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.008	114.2	114.1	0.7	0.0	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.387	109.8	109.7	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.043	106.7	106.5	1.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	-0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	4.919	107.2	107.3	-0.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: November 2017 to November 2018 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Oct. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2017 to Nov. 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018
Nonmanufacturing		10.705	123.8	109.5	1.4	-2.2	1.0	3.8	-11.6
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.058	189.7	179.9	-4.7	2.2	5.9	6.2	-5.2
Crop production	111	1.680	205.3	192.1	-6.2	2.4	7.5	7.5	-6.4
Animal production (Dec. 2014=100)	112	0.193	78.5	79.0	4.6	0.7	-0.5	2.9	0.6
Mining	21	8.647	117.4	102.0	3.0	-3.2	0.0	3.3	-13.1
Oil and gas extraction	211	8.411	117.8	101.9	3.0	-3.3	0.0	3.3	-13.5
Manufacturing		89.023	112.3	111.9	0.8	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	-0.4
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.212	125.0	124.7	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Food manufacturing	311	3.354	155.8	154.9	-0.9	-0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.6
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.095	122.1	122.2	2.3	0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.379	100.1	99.7	0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.1	-0.4
Textile product mills	314	0.907	109.1	109.1	-0.1	0.3	-0.5	0.0	0.0
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.825	111.9	111.8	0.9	0.0	0.3	0.0	-0.1
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.652	123.1	122.9	0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.460	129.2	127.8	3.3	0.0	-0.2	0.0	-1.1
Wood product manufacturing	321	0.915	124.2	119.3	-12.2	-3.8	-2.5	-8.1	-3.9
Paper manufacturing	322	1.079	116.0	115.6	9.1	1.8	-0.1	0.2	-0.3
Printing and related support activities (Dec. 2016=100)	323	0.219	106.4	104.6	5.8	0.6	1.0	0.0	-1.7
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.926	107.8	102.2	9.5	1.0	-0.4	3.1	-5.2
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.158	141.5	141.4	3.2	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.178	119.7	120.3	1.8	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.5
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.985	131.2	130.8	1.6	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.350	104.5	104.4	0.1	-0.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.388	155.4	154.4	2.4	-2.1	-1.0	1.2	-0.6
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.069	127.5	127.3	1.0	-0.2	0.1	-0.3	-0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	6.705	118.6	118.5	0.7	0.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.681	74.7	74.5	-1.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	4.864	116.1	116.1	0.6	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.610	109.6	109.5	0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.764	117.5	117.5	1.5	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.270	118.6	118.6	0.9	-0.3	0.0	0.3	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: November 2017 to November 2018 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Oct. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2017 to Nov. 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018
Nonmanufacturing		8.239	137.2	135.8	-1.3	1.4	-0.8	-0.1	-1.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.732	145.2	149.1	-3.6	1.6	-2.9	-0.3	2.7
Crop production	111	4.372	151.0	155.8	-2.8	2.0	-3.2	-0.1	3.2
Mining	21	3.507	97.3	91.5	2.0	1.2	2.2	0.0	-6.0
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.146	114.3	114.9	6.3	-2.2	0.6	0.5	0.5
Manufacturing		90.262	118.0	117.0	2.4	-0.1	0.1	0.5	-0.8
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.841	139.6	139.9	0.6	-0.5	0.5	-0.2	0.2
Food manufacturing	311	4.633	156.1	156.8	-0.7	-0.7	0.1	-0.3	0.4
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.696	122.3	122.0	5.7	-1.1	2.8	-0.6	-0.2
Textile mills (Dec. 2016=100)	313	0.639	105.1	104.7	3.5	0.4	-0.4	-0.3	-0.4
Leather and allied product manufacturing (Dec. 2016=100)	316	0.255	93.0	93.1	-3.3	-0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	26.219	122.0	118.4	5.1	-0.1	0.3	1.7	-3.0
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.524	101.2	101.9	-	-0.7	-0.7	-1.5	0.7
Paper manufacturing	322	1.717	132.9	132.9	6.6	-0.2	0.5	0.3	0.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	7.378	131.5	118.8	10.5	-0.6	1.1	5.8	-9.7
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.315	120.5	119.7	3.2	0.2	0.0	0.3	-0.7
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.221	115.9	115.9	1.6	0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.824	116.9	117.6	2.6	0.0	0.3	-0.2	0.6
Manufacturing, part 3	33	57.202	114.1	114.1	1.4	-0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	3.797	141.7	142.5	1.8	-2.1	-0.1	0.0	0.6
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.050	142.2	142.2	3.2	0.0	0.1	0.6	0.0
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.946	128.2	128.3	2.3	0.3	0.0	0.4	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.828	83.0	82.9	-0.5	-0.1	0.1	-0.5	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.828	117.9	117.9	1.9	0.6	-0.1	-0.3	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	18.034	127.2	127.2	1.9	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.402	120.7	120.7	2.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.316	120.4	120.3	0.7	0.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2017 to November 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Oct. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2017 to Nov. 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018
Live animals; animal products	I	1.360	194.4	194.8	1.9	0.4	-0.3	0.8	0.2
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.373	241.8	241.6	-1.3	-0.2	-2.4	0.7	-0.1
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.730	142.2	141.5	2.4	-0.2	1.9	0.3	-0.5
Vegetable products	II	2.052	226.0	211.3	-7.0	3.0	6.7	7.3	-6.5
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.532	552.3	504.3	-5.0	0.0	5.9	43.8	-8.7
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.856	132.1	116.7	-12.5	4.8	14.7	-2.4	-11.7
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.317	204.3	208.1	-6.3	-1.0	-3.6	1.4	1.9
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.248	95.4	92.2	-21.5	-1.1	-0.2	-2.3	-3.4
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.764	165.6	165.9	2.5	-0.2	0.2	-0.4	0.2
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2012=100)	17	0.193	87.9	88.6	2.3	-0.3	0.7	-0.2	0.8
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.199	96.7	97.6	2.1	-3.2	2.0	-1.7	0.9
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.373	174.9	174.9	2.0	0.7	0.9	0.2	0.0
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.206	103.0	103.0	-	0.1	0.0	-0.3	0.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.036	132.4	132.5	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.1
Mineral products	V	11.747	234.6	208.8	4.9	-2.1	-0.1	3.1	-11.0
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	11.490	232.6	206.3	4.9	-2.1	-0.1	3.2	-11.3
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.499	159.3	159.3	3.9	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.0
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.654	334.0	342.7	21.5	-0.4	3.5	2.3	2.6
Organic chemicals	29	2.399	132.1	131.2	3.2	-0.2	0.2	-1.0	-0.7
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.446	152.2	151.9	2.5	-0.3	-0.2	-0.7	-0.2
Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)	31	0.286	89.8	91.1	12.5	2.6	-0.5	7.5	1.4
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2011=100)	32	0.181	106.7	106.2	0.8	-0.9	-1.2	-0.2	-0.5
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.578	103.7	103.5	0.9	0.4	0.3	0.3	-0.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.634	107.1	107.1	1.3	-0.4	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.385	141.5	141.6	0.8	0.3	-0.2	0.1	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.241	145.4	145.8	1.7	0.4	-0.1	0.4	0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.144	136.1	135.5	-1.0	0.0	-0.4	-0.3	-0.4
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.627	124.9	125.0	0.6	-0.1	-0.6	0.0	0.1
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.595	130.9	131.1	1.2	-0.1	-0.4	0.0	0.2
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.948	151.9	146.1	-11.6	-3.7	-2.3	-7.9	-3.8
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2014=100)	44	0.925	104.7	100.5	-11.8	-3.7	-2.3	-8.0	-4.0
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.128	121.4	121.1	8.9	0.9	-0.1	0.1	-0.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.736	111.3	110.9	7.6	0.7	-0.4	0.3	-0.4
Printed matter (Dec. 2015=100)	49	0.213	111.1	109.9	4.8	0.4	0.1	-0.7	-1.1
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.964	114.5	114.3	1.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	-0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	2.000	104.5	104.4	0.9	-0.1	0.4	0.1	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.694	120.2	120.0	1.4	0.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.635	104.2	104.1	0.3	0.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.365	122.1	122.0	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.142	121.0	120.8	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.919	132.2	131.8	0.7	-0.2	0.2	0.0	-0.3
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2015=100)	68	0.330	99.7	98.4	1.2	-0.7	0.1	-0.1	-1.3
Ceramic products	69	0.254	135.2	136.1	-0.3	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.7
Glass and glassware	70	0.335	132.4	132.4	1.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.951	168.7	170.5	-0.9	-1.6	-0.7	0.8	1.1
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.563	180.8	179.1	2.2	-1.1	-0.7	0.5	-0.9
Iron and steel	72	1.353	230.8	229.3	12.2	-1.1	0.0	0.1	-0.6
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.584	151.6	151.3	1.5	-0.3	-0.1	-0.6	-0.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.393	286.0	282.3	-6.0	-4.7	-3.1	5.6	-1.3
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.937	139.1	135.5	-1.5	-1.4	-0.9	0.7	-2.6
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.416	123.5	123.5	1.3	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.509	136.8	136.8	-0.7	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.456	80.3	80.1	-0.6	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	13.966	86.7	86.5	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.490	74.2	74.2	-1.1	0.0	0.0	-0.3	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.842	114.3	114.3	0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.661	113.4	113.3	0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)	88	1.092	115.0	115.1	-0.7	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.810	102.5	102.3	0.6	-0.3	0.0	0.3	-0.2
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.523	99.1	98.9	0.7	-0.2	-0.1	0.4	-0.2
Clocks and watches and parts thereof	91	0.227	143.4	141.6	-1.6	-0.3	0.4	0.8	-1.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.284	112.9	112.9	1.3	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.697	118.6	118.7	1.3	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.305	103.4	103.3	1.9	0.3	0.2	0.2	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.282	130.0	130.0	0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.4	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2017 to November 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Oct. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2017 to Nov. 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018
Live animals; animal products	I	1.919	208.5	208.5	0.8	-0.9	0.1	0.3	0.0
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.129	160.9	160.7	-2.4	-1.8	-1.1	0.1	-0.1
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.419	119.5	120.3	7.2	0.6	0.9	0.2	0.7
Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2017=100)	04	0.297	109.2	108.7	-	0.9	4.2	1.8	-0.5
Vegetable products	II	4.417	184.3	190.6	-2.6	1.6	-2.5	0.4	3.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.796	129.2	137.5	-7.3	-3.0	0.2	-1.5	6.4
Cereals	10	1.399	190.9	192.4	6.9	5.0	-3.2	0.2	0.8
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.676	179.1	183.1	-8.5	2.4	-6.9	0.2	2.2
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.043	151.2	152.1	1.9	0.1	0.2	-0.1	0.6
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2009=100)	20	0.339	116.2	116.9	-0.3	0.1	-0.5	0.0	0.6
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.565	97.6	96.7	-	1.7	0.3	-0.2	-0.9
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.515	106.5	105.1	-3.8	-0.5	-2.7	0.3	-1.3
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.707	211.6	219.6	10.0	-1.9	1.1	-2.1	3.8
Mineral products	V	11.227	261.1	239.7	7.8	0.0	1.4	3.8	-8.2
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.478	95.4	96.6	-8.1	-7.3	-2.4	0.0	1.3
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	10.569	254.2	232.0	8.8	0.4	1.6	4.1	-8.7
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.754	139.7	139.1	2.7	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.651	147.6	147.2	-7.2	-3.0	-0.7	-2.9	-0.3
Organic chemicals	29	2.625	150.3	148.7	9.3	0.6	0.8	0.5	-1.1
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.172	106.6	106.3	1.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.3
Fertilizers (Dec. 2016=100)	31	0.278	131.1	132.8	24.1	1.6	3.9	2.7	1.3
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.528	102.5	100.6	-1.3	0.0	-0.2	0.1	-1.9
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.803	130.7	130.7	-1.5	0.1	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.496	121.5	121.8	-4.0	0.5	-0.1	1.4	0.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.819	154.5	154.1	4.8	0.1	0.1	0.3	-0.3
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.187	145.6	144.9	3.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.3	-0.5
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.304	142.1	141.7	3.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.4	-0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.883	159.3	157.0	2.1	0.5	-0.1	0.0	-1.4
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.642	100.4	99.8	-4.5	-2.0	-1.4	-2.4	-0.6
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	2.134	137.2	138.1	7.6	-0.4	-0.9	2.8	0.7
Woodpulp and recovered paper	47	0.696	152.7	155.4	14.8	-1.7	-2.3	8.1	1.8
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.102	130.0	130.2	4.7	0.1	-0.2	0.3	0.2
Printed material (Dec. 2014=100)	49	0.335	108.4	108.4	3.1	0.0	-0.2	0.5	0.0
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.670	124.7	124.8	3.9	1.2	-0.2	-1.0	0.1
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.433	129.3	130.5	4.1	2.3	-3.7	-4.2	0.9
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.799	124.3	124.8	1.1	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.4
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2015=100)	68	0.269	102.6	103.8	2.5	0.0	0.5	0.0	1.2
Glass and glassware	70	0.407	99.3	99.3	0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.933	232.0	234.1	-0.6	-1.3	-0.7	0.7	0.9
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.843	159.7	159.3	1.7	-2.4	-0.2	0.0	-0.3
Iron and steel	72	1.101	178.6	178.1	11.4	-3.7	1.7	0.0	-0.3
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.517	183.9	181.4	-7.3	-5.2	-3.4	2.4	-1.4
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.883	110.8	111.0	-6.7	-5.3	-1.6	-1.2	0.2
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal (Dec. 2015=100)	82	0.313	100.0	100.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.341	152.9	152.9	3.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	27.384	97.8	97.7	1.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.750	115.5	115.5	1.6	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.633	78.6	78.6	0.8	0.4	0.0	-0.5	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.217	135.7	135.7	1.9	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.234	116.5	116.4	1.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.881	108.9	108.8	1.0	0.1	-0.2	-0.5	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.389	112.8	112.8	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.814	129.9	129.9	1.3	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.414	87.6	87.6	-1.4	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: November 2017 to November 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Oct. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Nov. 2017 to Nov. 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	124.6	122.8	0.8	-0.6	-0.7	0.2	-1.4
Nonmanufacturing	8.974	157.4	140.1	-7.1	-2.9	-5.8	1.2	-11.0
Manufacturing	90.520	121.4	120.8	1.6	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	-0.5
Canada	100.000	133.9	129.3	-0.8	-1.2	-1.8	0.4	-3.4
Nonmanufacturing	23.956	149.7	133.2	-7.6	-3.0	-6.3	1.2	-11.0
Manufacturing	75.184	133.2	131.7	1.1	-0.5	-0.3	0.0	-1.1
European Union	100.000	137.2	136.5	1.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.5
Manufacturing	98.957	133.7	133.0	1.6	0.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.5
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.7	127.5	1.3	0.0	-0.2	0.2	-0.9
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	111.9	111.8	-3.0	0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	122.3	120.3	1.1	-0.3	-0.2	0.7	-1.6
Latin America(3)	100.000	154.2	150.7	1.5	-0.7	1.1	1.1	-2.3
Nonmanufacturing	21.056	302.7	270.1	6.9	-1.6	5.7	5.2	-10.8
Manufacturing	78.679	122.3	122.3	0.3	-0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	130.7	128.9	0.2	0.1	0.9	0.8	-1.4
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	10.842	168.2	146.1	9.8	1.0	11.2	6.8	-13.1
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	88.909	88.1	88.2	-0.8	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	99.0	98.8	0.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	99.9	99.8	-0.3	-0.2	0.0	-0.3	-0.1
Japan	100.000	96.7	96.6	1.2	0.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	89.0	88.8	1.8	-0.3	-0.2	0.2	-0.2
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	98.2	97.9	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.5	-0.3
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	201.9	180.8	6.4	-0.3	2.9	2.2	-10.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: November 2017 to November 2018 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Oct. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Nov. 2017 to Nov. 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	102.7	102.7	-	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	6.494	99.6	104.5	-	0.8	1.7	-1.7	4.9
Manufacturing	92.306	103.0	102.7	-	0.0	0.1	0.2	-0.3
Canada	100.000	104.7	105.0	-	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.3
European Union	100.000	103.8	103.4	-	-0.1	0.1	0.4	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	4.724	98.4	100.3	-	0.9	0.0	-3.3	1.9
Manufacturing	94.294	104.1	103.7	-	-0.1	0.1	0.5	-0.4
Germany	100.000	101.0	101.2	-	-0.4	-0.4	0.2	0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	105.2	103.4	-	0.0	0.2	1.3	-1.7
Nonmanufacturing	6.448	107.0	108.3	-	2.3	-0.9	2.1	1.2
Manufacturing	93.187	105.0	103.0	-	-0.2	0.4	1.1	-1.9
Mexico	100.000	103.8	102.4	-	0.0	0.0	1.1	-1.3
Nonmanufacturing	6.206	104.7	106.3	-	1.5	-0.9	1.6	1.5
Manufacturing	93.364	103.7	102.1	-	-0.1	0.1	1.0	-1.5
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	99.9	100.1	-	-0.4	-0.7	0.2	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	11.215	90.3	91.8	-	0.7	-4.7	-2.1	1.7
Manufacturing	86.316	101.3	101.3	-	-0.4	0.1	0.3	0.0
China	100.000	98.9	98.8	-	-0.2	-1.7	0.8	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	17.652	89.7	91.8	-	1.8	-6.4	0.6	2.3
Manufacturing	77.808	101.0	100.2	-	-0.2	-0.2	0.4	-0.8
Japan	100.000	100.7	100.7	-	0.1	-0.3	0.2	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	14.861	99.0	100.2	-	1.4	-1.6	0.4	1.2
Manufacturing	84.191	101.0	100.8	-	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: November 2017 to November 2018(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Annual	Monthly
			Nov. 2017 to Nov. 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.9	102.4	-	0.5	1.0	-0.1	1.5
Canada	102.7	106.7	-	1.3	2.2	0.0	3.9
European Union	101.8	102.0	-	-0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2
Germany	103.9	104.2	-	-0.5	-0.3	0.2	0.3
Latin America(3)	101.6	102.2	-	0.6	-0.9	0.2	0.6
Mexico	102.4	102.5	-	-0.1	-0.9	0.3	0.1
Pacific Rim(4)	99.3	99.7	-	-0.3	-0.6	0.3	0.4
China	99.1	99.1	-	0.0	-1.7	1.1	0.0
Japan	99.5	99.6	-	0.0	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: November 2017 to November 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Oct. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Oct. 2018	Nov. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Nov. 2017 to Nov. 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018	Sept. 2018 to Oct. 2018	Oct. 2018 to Nov. 2018
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	193.4	195.7	4.7	-0.4	0.8	2.4	1.2
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.591	150.4	149.2	3.7	-0.3	-1.1	3.2	-0.8
Asia	64.585	189.0	193.3	5.5	-0.6	1.8	2.6	2.3
Export Air Freight	100.000	165.2	164.7	-3.1	-0.2	0.4	0.5	-0.3
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	32.785	149.1	147.6	-1.7	-0.1	0.8	-0.1	-1.0
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	175.6	177.8	4.1	-0.6	1.1	1.7	1.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.371	137.5	137.0	7.6	-0.7	-0.1	1.4	-0.4
Asia	59.797	168.1	172.2	1.0	-0.7	1.9	2.2	2.4
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	144.3	146.4	2.8	3.3	-2.8	-0.6	1.5
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	33.251	149.7	149.4	1.3	0.1	0.6	0.5	-0.2
Asia	43.343	140.3	144.9	5.9	7.7	-6.7	-1.8	3.3
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	182.3	183.5	0.7	-8.8	10.7	0.7	0.7
Europe	44.249	217.4	222.2	1.5	-12.2	20.3	2.8	2.2
Asia	22.403	133.2	132.1	2.2	-8.0	-0.6	0.7	-0.8
Latin America/Caribbean	8.835	151.4	161.0	-0.9	-4.2	-5.5	1.7	6.3
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	148.5	148.7	-3.3	-3.7	-2.8	-1.8	0.1
Europe	30.891	198.2	200.8	-6.5	-11.1	4.8	-0.2	1.3
Asia	26.174	126.8	128.1	7.4	2.0	-7.1	-6.0	1.0
Latin America/Caribbean	23.198	150.1	152.7	-6.8	-1.5	-5.5	-2.0	1.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
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