Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-19-2147
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                              U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - NOVEMBER 2019                              

U.S. import prices rose 0.2 percent in November, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
following a 0.5-percent decrease in October. The November increase was driven by higher fuel prices, 
which more than offset lower nonfuel prices. The price index for U.S. exports rose 0.2 percent in November, 
after declining 0.1 percent in October.

Imports

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.2 percent in November, after decreasing 0.5 percent in October and 
rising 0.1 percent in September. The U.S. import price index declined 1.3 percent from November 2018 to 
November 2019. The 12-month decrease was the smallest over-the-year decline since the index fell 0.9 
percent during the period ended May 2019. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices rose 2.6 percent in November following a 2.5-percent drop the previous 
month. The November advance was the largest monthly increase since the index rose 3.6 percent in May. 
The 48.5-percent increase in natural gas prices and the 1.1-percent rise in petroleum prices each contributed 
to the November advance in fuel prices. Fuel prices rose 0.8 percent over the past year. Prices for import 
petroleum increased 1.4 percent for the year ended in November and natural gas prices declined 10.0 
percent over the same period.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports edged down 0.1 percent in November following           
3 consecutive monthly decreases. Falling prices for capital goods and foods, feeds, and beverages led the 
November decline in nonfuel prices. The price index for nonfuel imports decreased 1.4 percent over the past 
12 months. Lower prices for finished goods; nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; and foods, feeds, and 
beverages all contributed to the overall 12-month decrease in nonfuel prices.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials were 
unchanged in November, after decreasing 0.7 percent in October. 
	
Finished Goods: Imported finished goods prices were mixed in November. Capital goods prices decreased 
0.3 percent, led by a 1.1-percent drop in the price index for computers, peripherals, and semiconductors. In 
contrast, prices for automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent in November and consumer goods prices were 
unchanged.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices fell 0.3 percent for the second consecutive 
month in November. The 6.2-percent decrease in fruit prices drove the November decline.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2018
November	-1.6	-12.2	-0.2	-0.8	1.7	-1.0
December	-1.4	-13.3	0.0	-0.6	3.8	-1.1
2019
January	0.2	4.6	-0.3	-0.6	-2.1	-0.4
February	1.0	10.2	0.1	0.6	0.2	0.7
March	0.6	7.2	-0.2	0.7	0.9	0.7
April	0.2	1.9	-0.1	0.1	-1.4	0.2
May	0.2	3.6	-0.3	-0.3	-1.1	-0.2
June	-1.1	-7.8	-0.3	-0.6	2.4	-0.9
July	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2
August	-0.6	(r)-4.2	-0.1	-0.6	-2.4	-0.3
September	0.1	(r)0.8	-0.1	(r)-0.3	(r)-1.6	(r)-0.2
October	-0.5	(r)-2.5	-0.2	-0.1	(r)1.7	(r)-0.2
November	0.2	2.6	-0.1	0.2	2.2	0.0
Nov. 2017 to 2018	0.7	3.5	0.4	1.8	-1.7	2.2
Nov. 2018 to 2019	-1.3	0.8	-1.4	-1.3	2.5	-1.6
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports rose 0.2 percent in November following a 0.1-percent drop in October and 
a 0.3-percent decrease in September. Higher agricultural prices led the November increase. Overall export 
prices declined 1.3 percent over the past year; price decreases for nonagricultural exports more than offset 
rising agricultural prices. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices increased 2.2 percent in November, after rising 1.7 
percent the previous month. A 3.4-percent advance in soybean prices drove the November increase. 
Agricultural export prices rose 2.5 percent from November 2018 to November 2019. Higher prices for 
soybeans, nuts, dairy, and corn all contributed to the over-the-year advance. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports were unchanged in November 
following 0.2-percent declines in October and September. The price index for nonagricultural exports fell 
1.6 percent during the 12 months ended in November. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials led the November over-the-year decrease.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials was unchanged in November following a 0.5-percent drop in October. Nonagricultural 
industrial supplies and materials prices fell 5.7 percent over the past year led by a 12.1-percent decline in 
export fuel prices.

Finished Goods: Prices for export finished goods were mostly unchanged in November. Consumer goods 
prices edged up 0.1 percent over the past month, and prices for capital goods and automotive vehicles were 
unchanged. The price increase for consumer goods was driven primarily by a 0.2-percent increase in prices 
for manufactured nondurable goods.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China decreased 0.1 percent in November, after 
falling 0.1 percent in each of the previous 2 months; import prices from China have not increased on a 
monthly basis since advancing 0.1 percent in May 2018. The price index for imports from China declined 
1.7 percent over the past year. Import prices from Japan edged up 0.1 percent in November following no 
change in October. The price index for imports from Japan increased 0.3 percent over the past 12 months. 
Prices for imports from the European Union rose 0.1 percent in November, after decreasing 0.1 percent the 
previous month. The price index for imports from Canada advanced 1.1 percent in November following a 
1.2-percent decrease in October. Import prices from Canada rose 11.1 percent over the past year, the largest 
12-month advance since the period ended July 2018. Prices for imports from Mexico declined 0.6 percent in 
November following a 0.1-percent drop in October. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China increased 0.3 percent in November, after 
falling 0.2 percent in October. Export prices to China fell 1.7 percent over the past year. Prices for exports 
to Japan were unchanged in November following a 0.5-percent advance the previous month. The price index 
for exports to Japan rose 0.2 percent over the past year. Prices for exports to the European Union were 
unchanged in November after falling 0.3 percent in October. Over the 12 months ended November 2019, 
prices for exports to the European Union rose 0.7 percent. The price indexes for exports to Canada and 
Mexico both increased 1.0 percent in November, the largest monthly advance for each index since March 
2019. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 
increased 0.4 percent in November, after edging down 0.1 percent in October. In November, higher export 
prices to China and lower import prices from China both contributed to the U.S. terms of trade increase. The 
index for U.S. terms of trade with China was unchanged from November 2018 to November 2019. U.S. 
terms of trade with Japan decreased 0.1 percent in November following a 0.4-percent advance in October. 
The U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 0.2 percent over the past 12 months. The index for U.S. terms of 
trade with the European Union decreased 0.1 percent in November, after declining 0.2 percent the previous 
month. U.S. terms of trade with Canada fell 0.1 percent in November and decreased 10.0 percent over the 
past year. The index for U.S terms of trade with Mexico rose 1.6 percent in November, the largest monthly 
advance since the index was first published in December 2017. The U.S. terms of trade with Mexico rose 
0.9 percent over the 12 months ended November 2019. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares increased 2.7 percent in November following a 3.4-percent advance in 
October. Higher European fares drove the November rise. Import air passenger fares fell 3.0 percent over 
the 12 months ended in November. Import air freight prices increased 2.1 percent in November and fell 8.2 
percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares rose 3.3 percent in November, after a 2.1-percent 
decrease the previous month. Higher Asian and European fares each contributed to the increase. Export air 
passenger fares fell 0.5 percent from November 2018 to November 2019. Export air freight prices declined 
0.2 percent in November following a 0.4-percent increase in October. Prices for export air freight declined 
1.5 percent over the past 12 months.

		
Import and Export Price Index data for December are scheduled for release on Thursday, January 16, 2020 at 
8:30 a.m. (EST).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2018 to November 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Oct. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2018 to Nov. 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019
All commodities		100.000	124.4	124.6	-1.3	-0.6	0.1	-0.5	0.2
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.927	98.9	98.8	-1.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
All imports excluding petroleum		90.287	111.7	111.9	-1.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.2
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		89.883	115.8	115.7	-1.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	5.956	176.1	175.5	-2.6	-0.5	-0.8	-0.3	-0.3
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.594	191.2	190.5	-3.3	-1.2	-1.0	-0.3	-0.4
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.362	142.6	142.2	0.1	1.8	-0.1	-0.3	-0.3
Industrial supplies & materials	1	24.070	184.2	186.2	-1.2	-2.0	0.6	-1.5	1.1
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.532	152.4	154.6	-3.0	-0.1	0.6	0.0	1.4
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		13.954	173.6	173.6	-2.5	-0.3	0.6	-0.7	0.0
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.868	166.4	166.6	-0.2	0.2	1.0	-0.9	0.1
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.489	135.1	139.6	-6.7	-0.4	-0.2	1.4	3.3
Fuels & lubricants	10	10.117	202.8	208.0	0.8	-4.2	0.8	-2.5	2.6
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	9.713	220.8	223.2	1.4	-4.5	0.7	-3.3	1.1
Crude	10000	6.852	223.1	227.6	3.1	-4.9	0.6	-4.7	2.0
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.404	91.7	126.7	-12.4	6.3	0.9	22.3	38.2
Gas-natural	10110	0.319	78.4	116.4	-10.0	6.4	1.5	32.0	48.5
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.547	113.8	113.2	-8.5	-0.3	-0.6	-1.6	-0.5
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.538	154.3	153.9	-6.2	-1.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3
Selected building materials	13	1.504	143.0	142.7	-0.5	-1.1	0.7	0.4	-0.2
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.823	233.6	234.8	1.4	0.8	2.0	-1.9	0.5
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.775	156.9	156.8	-2.2	0.1	0.3	-0.8	-0.1
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.766	113.2	113.0	-1.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Capital goods	2	27.910	87.9	87.6	-1.8	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.3
Electric generating equipment	20	3.482	120.2	120.2	1.9	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.107	79.7	79.4	-2.7	-0.2	-0.1	-0.3	-0.4
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.321	136.9	136.7	1.6	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.790	109.6	109.7	-0.6	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.274	106.9	106.9	-0.4	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.575	123.9	123.8	0.6	0.2	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	12.430	91.1	91.2	-1.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.268	116.5	116.5	0.8	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2018 to November 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Oct. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2018 to Nov. 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019
All commodities		100.000	125.0	125.3	-1.3	-0.6	-0.3	-0.1	0.2
Agricultural commodities		9.572	176.6	180.4	2.5	-2.4	-1.6	1.7	2.2
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.882	101.1	101.1	-0.3	0.0	-0.1	-0.3	0.0
Nonagricultural commodities		90.428	121.1	121.1	-1.6	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.944	180.9	184.7	3.5	-2.1	-1.5	1.7	2.1
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.310	178.8	183.0	3.7	-2.3	-1.7	1.8	2.3
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.634	220.4	218.3	0.6	1.4	1.5	0.9	-1.0
Industrial supplies & materials	1	31.784	151.9	152.0	-5.6	-1.1	-0.5	-0.4	0.1
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.453	166.4	166.9	2.4	0.9	0.5	-0.8	0.3
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		21.331	145.7	145.6	-9.2	-2.1	-0.9	-0.1	-0.1
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.232	168.5	169.9	-4.6	-2.9	-1.0	1.3	0.8
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.552	151.4	151.4	-5.7	-1.0	-0.5	-0.5	0.0
Fuels & lubricants	11	10.174	174.6	175.5	-12.1	-3.5	-1.2	0.3	0.5
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.406	156.2	155.8	-2.4	0.3	0.0	-0.8	-0.3
Selected building materials	13	0.972	118.0	117.6	-3.1	-0.8	0.2	-1.2	-0.3
Capital goods	2	36.387	110.6	110.6	0.5	0.1	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.780	117.1	117.1	0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.2	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.781	94.6	94.6	-0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.3	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	8.826	182.7	182.7	3.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.247	114.1	114.1	0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.638	110.3	110.4	0.5	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.995	108.0	108.2	1.5	-0.4	-0.4	0.1	0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	5.195	107.2	107.2	-0.2	0.4	-0.2	-0.4	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.448	99.0	98.8	-	0.0	0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: November 2018 to November 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Oct. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2018 to Nov. 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019
Nonmanufacturing		9.337	107.6	110.0	1.6	-4.1	0.1	-3.2	2.2
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.835	170.0	167.2	-7.8	-2.6	-1.6	-1.2	-1.6
Crop production	111	1.467	180.3	176.3	-9.5	-3.6	-1.8	-1.4	-2.2
Mining	21	7.503	101.2	104.4	4.1	-4.4	0.6	-3.7	3.2
Oil and gas extraction	211	7.245	100.6	104.0	3.9	-4.7	0.6	-3.9	3.4
Manufacturing		90.373	110.7	110.6	-1.3	-0.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.280	125.0	125.1	0.1	0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.1
Food manufacturing	311	3.387	153.8	154.7	-0.3	0.0	-0.3	0.0	0.6
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.157	125.4	125.4	2.7	2.4	-0.4	-0.1	0.0
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.370	99.9	99.6	-0.3	-1.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.3
Textile product mills	314	0.934	108.1	107.7	-1.3	0.0	-0.3	0.1	-0.4
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.788	112.4	112.4	0.4	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.644	123.0	123.0	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	17.627	125.6	125.2	-2.1	-0.9	0.2	-0.2	-0.3
Paper manufacturing	322	1.017	109.0	108.7	-6.1	-0.3	-0.5	-1.3	-0.3
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.627	101.9	100.3	-1.5	-3.6	1.5	-0.3	-1.6
Chemical manufacturing	325	9.612	138.4	138.1	-2.4	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.283	118.9	118.9	-1.1	0.0	-0.2	0.3	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.043	130.9	131.1	0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	61.466	103.3	103.2	-1.1	0.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.385	154.6	155.6	0.8	0.3	1.5	-2.0	0.6
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.137	126.3	126.1	-0.9	0.2	0.1	-0.3	-0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.358	118.7	118.7	0.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.3	0.0
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.297	72.2	71.8	-3.9	-0.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.6
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.202	117.4	117.3	0.9	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.783	108.8	109.0	-0.5	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.876	116.1	115.9	-1.4	-0.3	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.428	118.3	118.7	0.0	0.2	0.3	-0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: November 2018 to November 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Oct. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2018 to Nov. 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019
Nonmanufacturing		8.746	127.2	129.9	-4.3	-3.4	-1.3	1.4	2.1
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.776	149.1	153.3	2.9	-4.2	-2.0	3.6	2.8
Crop production	111	4.428	155.7	160.2	2.8	-4.7	-2.2	3.9	2.9
Mining	21	3.969	78.8	79.9	-12.6	-2.4	-0.6	-1.3	1.4
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.241	107.9	103.8	-10.4	-0.7	-3.4	-1.1	-3.8
Manufacturing		90.127	116.3	116.3	-0.6	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.790	139.8	141.0	0.9	-0.4	-0.8	-0.2	0.9
Food manufacturing	311	4.635	157.5	159.5	1.9	-0.2	-1.0	-0.3	1.3
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.661	122.5	122.6	0.5	-0.4	-1.0	0.7	0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.051	113.5	113.2	-4.4	-1.4	-0.5	0.0	-0.3
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.512	95.1	94.6	-7.1	-1.0	-0.3	-0.9	-0.5
Paper manufacturing	322	1.631	120.0	119.8	-9.9	-1.4	-0.6	-1.4	-0.2
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.114	106.9	107.1	-9.5	-3.8	-1.7	1.1	0.2
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.398	117.8	117.3	-2.4	-0.6	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.305	117.2	117.2	1.3	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.862	119.1	119.1	2.0	0.0	1.4	-0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	58.286	115.2	115.2	1.0	0.3	0.1	-0.2	0.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.226	152.5	152.2	6.7	2.6	1.4	-0.7	-0.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.040	149.0	149.1	4.2	0.1	0.0	0.5	0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.696	130.6	130.4	1.9	0.2	0.0	0.4	-0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.848	81.5	81.5	-1.8	-0.1	0.2	-0.7	0.0
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.819	117.3	117.3	-0.5	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.839	128.9	128.9	1.3	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.400	122.5	122.5	1.5	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.418	120.4	120.4	0.1	0.6	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2018 to November 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Oct. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2018 to Nov. 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	1.393	194.0	195.5	1.3	0.7	-0.7	-0.6	0.8
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.378	260.3	268.0	11.6	0.5	-0.7	-0.7	3.0
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.728	137.7	137.5	-3.0	0.6	-1.0	-0.9	-0.1
Vegetable products	II	1.784	199.9	195.3	-9.1	-2.9	-1.5	-1.5	-2.3
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.466	476.3	470.1	-11.0	6.4	1.0	-5.2	-1.3
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.598	105.0	97.7	-16.6	-9.9	-8.0	-0.2	-7.0
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.337	200.1	205.4	-1.6	-3.3	6.4	-1.6	2.6
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.227	84.9	90.7	-1.8	0.7	-2.1	1.9	6.8
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.883	166.7	166.7	0.5	0.9	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.228	98.3	98.7	1.5	-1.8	-1.3	3.1	0.4
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.369	171.8	171.8	-1.7	0.6	0.1	-0.3	0.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.107	135.6	135.7	2.5	2.5	-0.4	-0.1	0.1
Mineral products	V	10.115	203.4	208.7	1.1	-4.0	0.7	-2.4	2.6
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.794	200.3	205.7	0.9	-4.1	0.7	-2.5	2.7
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	8.995	156.7	156.6	-1.7	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.507	286.4	296.8	-13.8	-3.9	0.7	2.0	3.6
Organic chemicals	29	2.038	126.9	125.4	-4.4	-0.5	-0.4	0.6	-1.2
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.441	154.8	154.8	1.9	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)	31	0.256	77.0	75.9	-17.4	-0.6	3.2	-5.9	-1.4
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.605	103.4	103.6	0.2	-0.4	-0.4	0.2	0.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.581	102.1	101.9	-4.3	-0.4	-0.9	-0.1	-0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.499	140.0	139.6	-1.6	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	-0.3
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.337	142.6	142.1	-2.8	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.4
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.161	136.8	136.8	0.8	-0.4	0.0	0.2	0.0
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.623	124.2	124.2	-0.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.0
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.595	130.9	130.9	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.856	145.2	144.2	-2.0	-2.3	1.5	0.2	-0.7
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.070	115.7	115.2	-5.4	-0.4	-0.5	-0.9	-0.4
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.723	108.4	107.8	-3.3	-0.3	-0.7	-0.6	-0.6
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.916	114.3	114.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3	0.1	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.995	105.1	105.2	0.6	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.654	120.8	120.8	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.642	101.8	101.6	-2.3	-0.4	-0.4	0.2	-0.2
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.368	122.2	122.1	-0.5	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.135	121.0	121.0	-0.5	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	0.0
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.957	132.2	132.5	0.5	0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.2
Ceramic products	69	0.269	135.7	135.7	-0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.932	190.4	192.7	13.0	1.5	3.5	-0.8	1.2
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.729	170.4	169.9	-5.1	-0.1	-0.1	-1.5	-0.3
Iron and steel	72	1.276	204.6	200.2	-12.4	0.4	-0.7	-4.0	-2.2
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.706	147.4	146.7	-3.2	0.3	-0.3	-1.0	-0.5
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.420	262.8	269.8	-4.4	-3.1	-0.8	-0.7	2.7
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.966	125.7	127.6	-5.8	-1.5	-0.9	-1.0	1.5
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.446	123.7	122.9	-0.7	-0.1	0.2	-0.1	-0.6
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.516	134.6	134.6	-1.9	-0.1	0.1	-1.0	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.132	79.0	78.8	-1.7	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.900	84.8	84.4	-2.5	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4	-0.5
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.232	73.6	73.5	-1.1	-0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.982	113.2	113.3	-0.8	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.800	112.3	112.4	-0.7	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)	88	1.069	113.1	113.1	-1.7	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.009	101.5	101.5	-1.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.2	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.736	98.0	98.0	-1.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.2	0.0
Clocks and watches and parts thereof	91	0.211	142.4	142.1	0.1	-0.1	0.2	-0.6	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.453	111.4	111.5	-1.2	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.799	117.5	117.2	-1.3	-0.3	-0.3	0.0	-0.3
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.385	101.6	102.3	-1.1	0.3	0.0	-0.2	0.7
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.268	126.5	126.5	-2.8	0.0	0.0	-1.7	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2018 to November 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Oct. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2018 to Nov. 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	1.963	211.7	215.0	3.3	0.0	-1.7	-1.0	1.6
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.119	160.1	165.5	2.9	-0.8	-4.1	-2.7	3.4
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.418	122.1	120.3	0.2	1.9	1.8	1.1	-1.5
Vegetable products	II	4.475	192.7	198.7	4.3	-4.5	-2.3	3.5	3.1
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.998	138.8	141.8	3.4	-0.9	4.1	-1.4	2.2
Cereals	10	1.356	190.0	194.7	1.2	-5.0	-8.6	7.0	2.5
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.719	190.1	195.6	6.8	-3.0	-0.8	4.0	2.9
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.066	154.9	156.2	3.0	-0.5	-1.0	1.5	0.8
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.584	100.2	100.4	3.9	0.1	0.3	1.1	0.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.582	115.7	115.0	9.4	-1.7	-3.7	8.3	-0.6
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.679	207.3	215.2	-1.1	-0.9	-2.8	-0.9	3.8
Mineral products	V	10.258	210.0	211.4	-11.6	-3.4	-1.0	-0.2	0.7
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.413	98.6	101.1	4.9	1.7	0.2	0.1	2.5
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.645	201.3	202.4	-12.5	-3.7	-1.0	-0.2	0.5
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.947	137.7	137.2	-1.9	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1	-0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.743	148.5	147.7	0.6	-1.1	-0.4	-0.5	-0.5
Organic chemicals	29	2.544	139.1	137.5	-8.7	-0.6	-1.1	-0.8	-1.2
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.094	107.4	107.7	1.2	-0.1	-0.4	-0.1	0.3
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.560	105.8	105.7	5.1	1.6	-2.2	1.2	-0.1
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.855	130.5	130.3	-0.4	-0.5	-0.1	0.1	-0.2
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.499	125.2	124.9	2.9	0.2	0.5	0.0	-0.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.989	156.1	156.0	0.1	-0.1	0.6	-0.2	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.170	141.3	141.0	-2.6	-0.6	-0.8	-0.5	-0.2
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.288	138.0	137.8	-2.7	-0.6	-0.8	-0.7	-0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.882	153.5	153.0	-2.6	-0.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.3
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.611	93.1	92.6	-7.2	-1.0	-1.3	-1.3	-0.5
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.827	119.1	118.6	-14.1	-0.1	-0.7	-2.0	-0.4
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.081	124.2	124.5	-4.4	-0.6	-0.1	-0.6	0.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.700	118.1	118.8	-4.8	-3.1	-0.1	0.7	0.6
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.464	112.7	115.5	-11.6	-6.5	0.6	3.1	2.5
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.833	128.2	128.2	2.7	0.0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.550	261.7	262.3	12.0	3.1	1.5	-0.4	0.2
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.592	153.6	154.6	-3.7	-0.2	-1.0	-1.4	0.7
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.461	170.4	173.5	-4.9	-3.0	0.2	-1.6	1.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.673	98.6	98.5	-11.3	-1.3	-2.9	-0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.338	154.1	154.1	0.8	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.227	97.4	97.4	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.4	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.440	115.8	115.8	0.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.3	0.0
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.787	77.7	77.7	-1.0	0.0	0.0	-0.5	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.883	137.1	137.1	1.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.384	116.2	116.2	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.988	110.7	110.5	1.4	0.3	0.0	0.3	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.386	112.7	112.6	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.772	130.6	130.6	0.5	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.460	88.4	88.3	0.9	0.5	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: November 2018 to November 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Oct. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Nov. 2018 to Nov. 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	126.2	126.9	4.5	-0.4	0.2	-0.4	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	10.646	178.7	184.2	52.5	-2.0	1.4	-2.4	3.1
Manufacturing	88.826	121.2	121.6	0.7	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.3
Canada	100.000	137.3	138.8	11.1	-0.8	0.4	-1.2	1.1
Nonmanufacturing	29.473	174.9	180.5	59.9	-1.8	1.5	-2.6	3.2
Manufacturing	69.765	129.2	129.5	-1.7	-0.4	0.1	-0.5	0.2
European Union	100.000	136.8	137.0	0.2	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Manufacturing	98.655	133.1	133.4	0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.4	127.7	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.2
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	112.6	112.6	0.7	0.0	0.3	-0.1	0.0
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	122.0	122.2	1.2	-0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	145.5	144.9	-4.5	-0.7	0.1	-0.9	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	16.520	250.8	252.1	-9.8	-6.0	0.0	-0.9	0.5
Manufacturing	83.214	119.3	118.6	-3.1	0.3	0.1	-0.8	-0.6
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.0	126.2	-2.7	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.6
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.318	135.9	132.4	-13.9	-10.0	-1.6	2.3	-2.6
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.435	87.3	86.9	-1.6	0.7	0.0	-0.3	-0.5
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	97.7	97.6	-1.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.3	98.2	-1.7	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Japan	100.000	96.8	96.9	0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	98.6	98.6	-	-0.1	0.1	-0.3	0.0
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	86.8	86.8	-2.3	-0.6	-0.6	-0.5	0.0
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.2	97.2	-0.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	170.7	174.2	-7.7	-2.4	0.1	-3.4	2.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: November 2018 to November 2019 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Oct. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Nov. 2018 to Nov. 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	102.8	103.1	0.6	-0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	8.060	103.6	106.6	4.1	-5.2	-0.4	0.4	2.9
Manufacturing	90.786	103.0	103.1	0.5	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Canada	100.000	104.0	105.0	0.1	-0.7	-0.3	0.3	1.0
European Union	100.000	104.6	104.6	0.7	-0.3	-0.1	-0.3	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	6.949	100.5	101.2	0.0	-2.8	-2.3	0.3	0.7
Manufacturing	92.044	104.9	104.9	0.7	-0.1	0.0	-0.4	0.0
Germany	100.000	104.3	104.5	3.3	0.0	0.2	-0.2	0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	100.3	100.7	-2.8	-1.1	-0.5	0.3	0.4
Nonmanufacturing	7.013	104.0	107.2	-1.0	-1.4	-3.2	3.6	3.1
Manufacturing	92.561	100.0	100.3	-2.8	-1.1	-0.3	0.0	0.3
Mexico	100.000	99.7	100.7	-1.9	-0.7	-0.5	0.0	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	6.114	97.8	102.6	-3.5	-1.5	-2.6	3.9	4.9
Manufacturing	93.391	99.8	100.6	-1.7	-0.6	-0.5	-0.2	0.8
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	100.0	100.2	0.1	-0.5	-0.3	0.1	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	14.401	99.6	102.3	10.8	-3.4	-1.8	2.5	2.7
Manufacturing	83.879	100.7	100.5	-0.7	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.2
China	100.000	97.0	97.3	-1.7	-1.2	-0.3	-0.2	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	19.893	92.8	96.6	5.2	-3.9	-1.4	0.4	4.1
Manufacturing	77.120	100.0	99.5	-0.9	-0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.5
Japan	100.000	100.8	100.8	0.2	-0.5	0.0	0.5	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	17.788	97.9	99.1	-0.5	-4.7	-3.8	1.5	1.2
Manufacturing	80.891	100.9	100.6	-0.1	0.4	0.8	0.2	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: November 2018 to November 2019(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Annual	Monthly
			Nov. 2018 to Nov. 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	99.7	99.4	-3.8	0.0	-0.3	0.4	-0.3
Canada	99.5	99.4	-10.0	0.1	-0.7	1.4	-0.1
European Union	102.9	102.8	0.5	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Germany	106.6	106.8	2.5	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.2
Latin America(3)	102.6	103.5	1.9	-0.4	-0.6	1.2	0.9
Mexico	101.3	102.9	0.9	-0.4	-0.3	0.1	1.6
Pacific Rim(4)	100.7	101.0	1.5	-0.4	-0.2	0.3	0.3
China	98.8	99.2	0.0	-1.0	-0.2	-0.1	0.4
Japan	99.4	99.3	-0.2	-0.6	0.1	0.4	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: November 2018 to November 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Oct. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Nov. 2018 to Nov. 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019	Sept. 2019 to Oct. 2019	Oct. 2019 to Nov. 2019
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	175.1	178.8	-8.2	-0.4	-0.3	1.2	2.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.037	145.2	143.4	-3.9	1.0	-0.1	-0.2	-1.2
Asia	59.801	163.8	169.9	-11.5	-1.1	-0.6	2.2	3.7
Export Air Freight	100.000	162.8	162.5	-1.5	-1.2	-1.4	0.4	-0.2
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	32.087	150.4	151.3	2.2	-0.6	-0.7	-0.1	0.6
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	161.8	163.8	-7.5	-2.1	-0.6	1.1	1.2
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.323	132.5	131.2	-4.2	-0.1	0.5	-0.1	-1.0
Asia	56.480	148.9	152.5	-10.9	-3.5	-1.3	2.0	2.4
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	143.3	146.4	0.0	-1.5	-3.1	1.1	2.2
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	34.055	154.9	156.5	4.8	-0.3	0.0	0.1	1.0
Asia	43.247	133.9	139.7	-3.6	-3.8	-6.7	1.8	4.3
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	173.3	178.0	-3.0	-8.2	9.1	3.4	2.7
Europe	53.110	192.9	208.3	-6.3	-12.2	18.9	0.2	8.0
Asia	19.472	128.4	128.5	-2.7	-5.1	-1.5	3.5	0.1
Latin America/Caribbean	6.564	153.5	159.6	-0.9	-4.6	-7.9	4.0	4.0
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	143.2	147.9	-0.5	-3.1	-5.2	-2.1	3.3
Europe	28.151	180.8	189.0	-5.9	-11.4	1.1	-2.9	4.5
Asia	27.369	125.2	131.7	2.8	3.2	-10.3	-4.1	5.2
Latin America/Caribbean	25.680	151.5	152.8	0.1	-3.0	-6.4	-1.7	0.9
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
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