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                          U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - NOVEMBER 2020

Prices for U.S. imports ticked up 0.1 percent in November, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today, after edging down 0.1 percent in October. Higher fuel prices in November more than offset lower 
nonfuel prices. U.S. export prices also rose in November, increasing 0.6 percent following advances of 0.2 
percent in October and 0.6 percent in September.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
       Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on November 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 
methodology for the November release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 
November were 5.6-percentage points lower than those in November 2019. A small number of indexes that 
are normally published were not published in November. Additional information is available at 
www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-november-2020.htm.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports increased 0.1 percent in November following a 0.1-percent decline the 
previous month. Import prices advanced 4.4 percent from April to September prior to the downturn in 
October. Despite the recent increases, prices for U.S. imports decreased 1.0 percent from November 2019 to 
November 2020. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel increased 4.3 percent in November following a 0.9-percent decline in 
October and a 4.7-percent drop in September. Higher prices for both natural gas and petroleum contributed 
to the November advance. Natural gas prices increased 49.1 percent, after declining 14.7 percent the 
previous month. The November advance was the largest monthly rise since the index increased 62.4 percent 
in November 2018. The price index for import petroleum advanced 2.1 percent in November following 
declines of 0.1 percent in October and 6.1 percent in September. Despite the November rise, import fuel 
prices fell 24.6 percent over the past year. A 27.0-percent drop in petroleum prices for the year ended in 
November more than offset a 27.5-percent increase in natural gas prices.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices declined 0.3 percent in November, the first time the 
index fell on a monthly basis since a 0.5-percent decrease in April. In November, lower prices for foods, 
feeds, and beverages; nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; and automotive vehicles more than offset 
higher prices for capital goods. Prices for nonfuel imports rose on a 12-month basis, increasing 1.6 percent 
from November 2019 to November 2020.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
decreased 0.4 percent in November, after advancing 9.6 percent from May to October. The November 
decline was led by a 9.3-percent drop in selected building materials prices which more than offset higher 
prices for unfinished metals and chemicals.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in November. The price index for capital goods ticked 
up 0.1 percent, automotive vehicles prices declined 0.1 percent, and prices for consumer goods were 
unchanged.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices declined 2.2 percent in November 
following a 0.1-percent increase in October. In November, the decrease was driven by an 11.0-percent drop 
in fruit prices and an 11.5-percent decline in vegetable prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2019
November	0.2	2.2	-0.1	0.1	2.4	-0.1
December	0.2	1.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
2020
January	0.2	-0.1	0.3	0.6	2.0	0.6
February	-0.7	-9.1	0.2	-1.2	-2.9	-1.1
March	-2.4	-26.5	0.0	-1.4	-1.4	-1.4
April	-2.6	-30.9	-0.5	-3.5	-3.3	-3.5
May	0.7	13.9	0.1	0.0	-0.4	0.0
June	1.3	20.6	0.3	1.8	1.6	1.7
July	1.2	15.2	0.2	1.0	1.6	0.9
August	(r)0.9	(r)3.7	0.7	0.5	(r)-2.2	0.9
September	0.2	(r)-4.7	0.5	0.6	(r)2.7	0.3
October	-0.1	(r)-0.9	0.1	0.2	3.4	(r)-0.1
November	0.1	4.3	-0.3	0.6	3.7	0.3
Nov. 2018 to 2019	-1.2	1.6	-1.4	-1.3	2.7	-1.7
Nov. 2019 to 2020	-1.0	-24.6	1.6	-1.1	4.4	-1.7
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports increased 0.6 percent in November and have not recorded a monthly decline since 
decreasing 3.5 percent in April. Higher prices for both agricultural exports and nonagricultural exports 
contributed to the November rise. Despite increases in each of the last 6 months, export prices fell 1.1 
percent from November 2019 to November 2020. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices advanced 3.7 percent in November following increases of 
3.4 percent in October and 2.7 percent in September. The November rise was the largest monthly increase 
since the index advanced 3.8 percent in December 2018. The increase in November was driven by 7.6-
percent advances in prices for both soybeans and corn. Higher prices for dairy products and eggs, 
vegetables, wheat, fruit, meat, and cotton also contributed to the overall advance in November. Prices for 
agricultural exports rose 4.4 percent for the year ended in November, the largest 12-month advance since the 
index increased 5.3 percent in June 2018.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports increased 0.3 percent in 
November, after edging down 0.1 percent the previous month. In November, higher prices for 
nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials; automotive vehicles; and nonagricultural foods more than 
offset lower prices for consumer goods and capital goods. Despite the monthly advance, prices for 
nonagricultural exports decreased 1.7 percent for the year ended in November and have not recorded an 
over-the-year increase since January 2020.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials advanced 1.3 percent in November following a 0.4-percent drop in October. The November rise 
was led by 1.8-percent increases in fuel prices and chemicals prices.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in November. Prices for consumer goods decreased 0.8 
percent, the largest decline since the index fell 1.0 percent in January 2017. Capital goods prices fell 0.2 
percent in November, after edging down 0.1 percent the previous month. The November decline was the 
largest since a 0.2-percent drop in October 2019 and was driven by lower prices for industrial and service 
machinery and computers, peripherals, and semiconductors. In contrast, prices for automotive vehicles 
advanced 0.2 percent in November following a 0.3-percent advance in October.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China ticked up 0.1 percent in November 
following no change in each of the previous 2 months. The November advance was driven by higher prices 
for plastics and rubber products. The price index for imports from China rose 0.4 percent over the past year, 
the largest 12-month advance since the index increased 0.4 percent in September 2018. Import prices from 
Japan advanced 0.1 percent in November, after a 0.3-percent rise in October. Prices for imports from Japan 
increased 0.2 percent for the year ended in November. In contrast, import prices from the European Union 
decreased 0.2 percent and prices for imports from Mexico fell 0.9 percent in November. The price index for 
imports from Canada was unchanged in November following a 0.1-percent increase in October and a 0.1-
percent drop in September. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China rose 1.5 percent in November, after 
increasing 0.8 percent the previous month. The November advance was the largest rise since the index 
increased 3.0 percent in June. Export prices to China advanced 2.7 percent from November 2019 to 
November 2020. The price index for exports to Japan advanced 0.2 percent in November and 0.2 percent 
over the past 12 months. Prices for exports to the European Union decreased 0.2 percent in November 
following a 0.4-percent decline in October. Export prices to the European Union also fell over the past year, 
decreasing 1.5 percent. The price index for exports to Canada increased 1.1 percent in November and prices 
for exports to Mexico advanced 0.5 percent. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 
increased 1.4 percent in November following a 0.8-percent rise in October. The November advance was the 
largest monthly increase since the index rose 3.0 percent in June. The U.S. terms of trade with Japan ticked 
up 0.1 percent in November following 3 consecutive 0.7-percent advances in October, September, and 
August. In November, higher export prices to Japan more than offset increasing import prices from Japan. 
The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union was unchanged in November, after declining 0.5 
percent in October and September. The U.S. terms of trade with Canada and Mexico each advanced in 
November, rising 1.1 percent and 1.4 percent, respectively. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 0.3 percent in November, after increasing 3.9 percent in 
October and 4.4 percent in September. In November, higher Asian fares more than offset lower European 
fares. Overall import air passenger fares fell 14.9 percent over the past 12 months. Import air freight prices 
rose 10.6 percent in November following a 4.1-percent advance the previous month. The November 
increase was the largest 1-month rise since a 26.2-percent increase in May and a 39.9-percent advance in 
June. The price index for import air freight increased 69.7 percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares rose 14.5 percent in November, the largest advance since the index was 
first published on a monthly basis in December 2000. The November advance was driven by a 46.5-percent 
increase in Asian fares. Overall export air passenger fares also increased 14.5 percent from November 2019 
to November 2020, the largest 12-month advance since the index rose 15.6 percent for the year ended 
February 2012. Prices for export air freight increased 3.4 percent in November, after declining 6.7 percent 
the previous month. Despite the November rise, export air freight prices decreased 2.2 percent over the past 
12 months.

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for December are scheduled for release on Thursday, January 14, 
2021 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2019 to November 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Oct. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2019 to Nov. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020
All commodities		100.000	123.3	123.4	-1.0	0.9	0.2	-0.1	0.1
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		86.606	100.5	100.4	1.6	0.7	0.6	0.0	-0.1
All imports excluding petroleum		93.357	113.6	113.6	1.6	0.8	0.6	-0.1	0.0
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		92.867	117.7	117.4	1.6	0.7	0.5	0.1	-0.3
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.261	180.0	176.0	0.2	0.6	1.1	0.1	-2.2
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.881	196.7	191.2	0.5	0.9	1.3	-0.3	-2.8
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.380	142.2	142.1	-0.7	-0.3	0.3	1.1	-0.1
Industrial supplies & materials	1	21.898	172.7	174.6	-6.6	3.5	0.1	-0.1	1.1
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		15.397	163.7	165.1	6.8	3.7	3.1	-0.1	0.9
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		14.783	185.5	184.8	6.3	3.5	2.6	0.3	-0.4
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.680	186.1	184.4	10.5	5.4	3.9	0.1	-0.9
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.575	135.7	140.9	1.1	1.1	1.9	-0.5	3.8
Fuels & lubricants	10	7.133	151.5	158.0	-24.6	3.7	-4.7	-0.9	4.3
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	6.643	161.1	164.5	-27.0	3.4	-6.1	-0.1	2.1
Crude	10000	4.470	161.7	167.0	-27.7	2.8	-5.5	-0.1	3.3
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.388	107.0	151.8	23.3	10.8	19.8	-12.7	41.9
Gas-natural	10110	0.331	96.7	144.2	27.5	12.9	23.6	-14.7	49.1
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.502	108.1	109.1	-2.9	-0.7	-0.5	-0.5	0.9
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.583	152.8	153.5	-0.5	0.2	0.6	0.9	0.5
Selected building materials	13	2.017	189.8	172.1	20.5	9.0	10.7	1.6	-9.3
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.000	266.0	271.7	15.6	8.4	3.9	-0.3	2.1
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.846	160.9	161.2	2.7	0.8	0.6	-0.3	0.2
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.817	112.9	113.8	0.3	0.7	0.0	-0.1	0.8
Capital goods	2	29.008	88.4	88.5	1.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.678	121.4	121.5	1.1	0.0	0.2	-0.1	0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.937	80.3	80.3	1.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.393	135.9	136.0	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.875	110.9	110.8	1.0	0.1	0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.958	106.9	106.9	0.2	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.319	124.4	124.3	0.5	0.1	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	12.362	90.7	90.8	-0.2	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.277	116.4	116.5	0.0	1.0	0.3	-0.1	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2019 to November 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Oct. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2019 to Nov. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020
All commodities		100.000	123.1	123.8	-1.1	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.6
Agricultural commodities		9.643	181.9	188.6	4.4	-2.2	2.7	3.4	3.7
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		82.360	102.7	102.8	1.7	0.7	0.5	0.1	0.1
Nonagricultural commodities		90.357	118.6	118.9	-1.7	0.9	0.3	-0.1	0.3
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.973	186.1	192.9	4.4	-2.1	2.7	3.4	3.7
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.443	185.4	192.5	5.1	-2.3	2.9	3.5	3.8
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.530	202.3	203.2	-7.0	1.2	1.1	2.6	0.4
Industrial supplies & materials	1	31.261	142.0	143.8	-5.3	2.2	0.7	-0.3	1.3
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		11.487	181.6	182.7	9.5	4.3	1.3	-0.3	0.6
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		19.774	125.7	127.8	-12.0	1.0	0.3	-0.2	1.7
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.201	165.7	170.1	-0.5	-1.9	2.2	2.1	2.7
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.061	141.2	143.0	-5.4	2.3	0.6	-0.4	1.3
Fuels & lubricants	11	8.667	128.5	130.8	-25.0	1.2	-0.6	-1.8	1.8
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.405	163.3	164.9	5.8	3.0	1.1	0.2	1.0
Selected building materials	13	0.989	124.1	125.4	6.5	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.0
Capital goods	2	37.220	111.5	111.3	0.7	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.865	120.4	120.6	2.9	-0.2	0.3	-0.1	0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	24.128	94.8	94.6	0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.227	185.5	185.1	1.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	9.957	114.2	114.4	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.588	110.6	109.7	-0.6	0.3	0.7	0.1	-0.8
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.093	108.9	107.9	-0.3	0.4	0.6	0.0	-0.9
Durables, manufactured	41	5.085	108.5	107.4	0.2	0.2	0.9	0.1	-1.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.410	93.4	93.5	-5.4	0.4	0.5	0.0	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: November 2019 to November 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Oct. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2019 to Nov. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		7.127	88.2	89.7	-19.3	2.6	-2.5	-0.6	1.7
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.976	184.0	172.6	2.7	1.8	2.3	-0.1	-6.2
Crop production	111	1.639	198.8	184.1	4.4	1.8	2.6	-0.5	-7.4
Mining	21	5.151	75.8	79.4	-24.8	3.0	-4.4	-0.7	4.7
Oil and gas extraction	211	4.891	74.4	78.1	-25.8	3.0	-4.5	-0.8	5.0
Manufacturing		92.547	111.4	111.3	0.7	0.7	0.4	0.0	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.485	125.7	125.5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	-0.2
Food manufacturing	311	3.536	153.9	154.6	0.1	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.5
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.192	129.8	128.3	2.1	1.0	0.0	0.1	-1.2
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.382	101.1	101.1	1.8	-0.1	0.1	-0.8	0.0
Textile product mills	314	0.942	106.8	106.6	-0.7	-0.4	-0.2	0.8	-0.2
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.779	112.9	112.9	0.4	0.0	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.655	124.0	123.0	-0.6	0.0	-0.2	0.1	-0.8
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.281	123.2	122.1	-2.4	1.4	0.3	0.2	-0.9
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.301	162.0	137.8	-	15.8	17.9	2.3	-14.9
Paper manufacturing	322	0.986	105.9	106.6	-1.8	0.0	-0.7	-0.9	0.7
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	1.999	73.7	73.3	-26.8	4.4	-8.0	0.1	-0.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.261	136.9	137.1	-0.6	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.456	121.9	123.1	3.1	0.7	0.2	0.2	1.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.084	130.7	131.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.2	0.0	0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	62.780	104.6	104.8	1.6	0.6	0.4	-0.1	0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.567	175.2	178.4	14.6	7.1	3.4	-0.4	1.8
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.260	126.6	126.8	0.4	0.2	0.3	-0.1	0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.857	120.1	120.3	1.3	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.155	71.7	71.7	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.550	117.8	117.9	0.9	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.953	110.2	110.1	1.2	0.3	0.4	-0.1	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.906	114.8	114.9	-0.6	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.533	119.9	120.2	1.3	0.9	0.6	-0.1	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: November 2019 to November 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Oct. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2019 to Nov. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		9.182	114.6	119.8	-7.2	0.5	1.3	2.0	4.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.870	155.8	163.6	6.4	-2.8	5.7	5.6	5.0
Crop production	111	4.520	163.9	172.3	7.2	-3.2	5.9	5.5	5.1
Mining	21	4.312	61.2	63.8	-18.7	3.9	-2.8	-2.1	4.2
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.094	87.5	89.0	-14.5	3.2	-0.3	-4.1	1.7
Manufacturing		89.352	115.2	115.3	-0.9	0.4	0.4	0.0	0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.813	140.4	143.0	1.5	-0.9	0.2	1.1	1.9
Food manufacturing	311	4.650	157.6	161.6	1.3	-1.3	0.1	1.2	2.5
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.674	127.2	127.8	5.1	-0.9	1.1	2.1	0.5
Manufacturing, part 2	32	23.078	104.7	105.0	-7.3	0.5	0.9	0.0	0.3
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.506	102.3	103.6	10.1	1.2	2.2	2.2	1.3
Paper manufacturing	322	1.510	118.1	118.0	-1.6	-0.3	0.3	0.1	-0.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	4.308	75.1	74.3	-30.8	-0.3	1.3	-1.4	-1.1
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.406	117.2	118.2	0.7	0.9	1.0	0.6	0.9
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.311	115.5	115.4	-1.6	0.0	-0.4	-1.1	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.832	116.5	116.4	-1.0	-0.6	-0.3	-0.5	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.461	117.2	117.0	1.7	0.7	0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.871	179.3	181.5	18.8	8.2	0.5	-0.8	1.2
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.141	151.4	150.1	0.8	0.2	0.6	0.1	-0.9
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.977	130.9	130.1	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.1	-0.6
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.923	82.1	81.6	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.6
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.859	118.6	118.9	1.3	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.885	129.9	129.9	0.9	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.0
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.412	126.8	126.9	3.6	0.0	0.1	1.6	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.394	119.0	119.0	-1.1	0.2	1.0	-0.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2019 to November 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Oct. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2019 to Nov. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.343	191.2	190.1	-3.2	0.7	0.4	0.6	-0.6
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.383	268.8	266.7	-1.5	2.1	0.4	-0.9	-0.8
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.698	132.7	131.7	-4.5	-0.7	0.5	2.6	-0.8
Vegetable products	II	2.014	219.4	204.2	4.5	1.8	2.3	-0.2	-6.9
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.503	529.8	457.9	-2.6	5.3	1.2	1.7	-13.6
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.659	111.4	98.5	0.8	-0.1	5.9	-2.0	-11.6
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.345	219.6	221.4	7.8	0.5	0.9	-1.7	0.8
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.262	91.2	100.6	17.2	3.2	1.2	1.2	10.3
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.033	169.6	168.7	0.8	0.4	0.4	0.1	-0.5
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.205	100.0	99.8	1.1	-0.3	1.0	0.0	-0.2
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.366	168.6	168.5	-1.9	0.0	0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.134	140.0	139.7	2.8	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Mineral products	V	7.275	154.4	161.1	-23.4	3.5	-4.7	-0.9	4.3
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	6.923	149.8	156.7	-24.4	3.6	-4.9	-1.0	4.6
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.603	154.7	155.0	-0.8	0.1	0.3	-0.1	0.2
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.454	267.3	272.8	-7.8	-0.3	0.2	-0.1	2.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.120	123.1	123.9	-1.1	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.6
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.966	154.5	154.4	0.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.5	-0.1
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.618	101.6	101.3	-1.9	-0.5	-0.2	-0.8	-0.3
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.602	102.1	102.4	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.7	0.3
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.839	145.7	147.7	5.5	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.4
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.527	145.2	146.5	2.8	1.0	0.6	0.4	0.9
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.312	148.9	152.3	11.0	1.5	1.7	1.5	2.3
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.624	124.4	124.5	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.597	131.1	131.2	0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.340	235.1	201.9	40.1	15.7	17.5	2.6	-14.1
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.316	164.0	140.4	-	16.1	17.9	2.7	-14.4
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.011	110.7	111.7	-2.6	-0.7	-0.4	-0.7	0.9
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.689	103.3	103.7	-4.2	-1.0	-0.9	-0.7	0.4
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.898	114.5	114.4	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.980	105.0	104.7	-0.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	-0.3
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.644	122.3	122.5	1.7	0.0	0.2	-0.4	0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.640	100.8	100.3	-1.2	0.0	-0.5	1.1	-0.5
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.393	124.4	123.2	0.0	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	-1.0
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.166	122.9	121.4	-0.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	-1.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.972	131.5	131.5	-0.7	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.293	222.1	223.4	16.1	8.9	2.4	-1.7	0.6
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.611	171.4	173.6	2.1	1.6	1.6	0.0	1.3
Iron and steel	72	1.118	199.1	201.1	0.1	2.1	2.6	1.8	1.0
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.695	146.6	147.2	0.3	-0.1	0.5	0.1	0.4
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.477	303.7	308.2	14.2	4.1	2.3	0.8	1.5
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.950	132.4	136.8	7.2	3.4	2.2	0.2	3.3
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.464	122.4	122.5	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2	0.1
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.534	133.5	133.5	-1.2	-0.4	0.0	0.5	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.787	79.0	79.0	0.4	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.715	85.0	85.0	1.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.071	73.3	73.4	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.021	114.8	114.7	1.3	0.2	0.3	0.0	-0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.888	114.1	113.9	1.4	0.2	0.4	0.0	-0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.133	102.3	102.3	0.7	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.861	98.5	98.5	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.472	110.9	110.7	-0.6	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.819	116.7	116.6	-0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.383	101.2	101.0	-1.3	0.0	0.1	-0.5	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.271	126.6	126.6	-0.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: November 2019 to November 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Oct. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Nov. 2019 to Nov. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.957	211.0	216.4	0.4	-2.1	-1.0	3.1	2.6
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.185	166.3	167.8	1.1	-0.4	1.4	1.5	0.9
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.324	108.3	109.1	-9.5	1.3	1.4	3.3	0.7
Vegetable products	II	4.524	204.8	217.1	9.1	-3.3	5.9	5.5	6.0
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.900	124.6	126.5	-11.4	-0.2	4.1	-0.7	1.5
Cereals	10	1.502	203.2	216.6	11.2	-5.3	8.4	6.2	6.6
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.647	211.9	228.0	16.6	0.3	5.8	3.8	7.6
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.106	154.9	157.3	1.2	-2.0	1.8	1.0	1.5
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100)	20	0.326	96.6	96.0	-	0.0	0.2	0.5	-0.6
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.595	99.8	100.3	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.5
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.577	108.7	108.7	-3.6	-8.2	5.4	0.0	0.0
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.752	225.1	238.2	10.6	-1.4	2.8	4.6	5.8
Mineral products	V	8.649	155.6	158.5	-24.5	2.2	-0.8	-1.8	1.9
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.426	100.2	100.2	1.2	9.6	3.8	-1.3	0.0
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.026	146.1	149.1	-25.9	1.9	-1.0	-1.8	2.1
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.113	138.0	138.6	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.684	132.8	132.7	-9.7	0.0	0.4	-4.1	-0.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.583	142.8	149.1	7.8	2.9	2.3	3.9	4.4
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.248	109.5	107.6	-0.1	0.8	0.8	0.1	-1.7
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.525	101.9	101.2	-4.3	-4.3	0.7	-0.1	-0.7
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.875	128.1	128.1	-1.7	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.500	125.9	125.6	0.5	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.027	156.4	156.7	0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.152	140.4	142.4	0.8	1.5	0.6	0.4	1.4
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.268	137.5	139.9	1.4	1.7	1.2	0.4	1.7
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.885	150.6	150.8	-1.5	0.3	-1.6	0.3	0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.619	100.7	102.4	11.1	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.7
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.810	121.6	121.8	2.7	0.3	0.7	-1.6	0.2
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.483	113.6	114.5	-	1.3	0.8	-6.3	0.8
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.034	122.8	122.6	-1.5	-0.2	0.6	0.3	-0.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.687	118.4	119.1	0.0	-0.6	1.0	0.3	0.6
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.456	112.7	115.4	-0.8	-2.3	2.9	1.3	2.4
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.830	129.0	128.8	1.2	0.7	0.2	0.3	-0.2
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.472	99.3	99.1	-	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	5.358	303.0	304.2	16.0	7.5	1.3	-0.6	0.4
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.794	160.8	162.3	4.8	1.2	2.5	0.8	0.9
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.555	193.4	200.8	15.3	4.4	2.5	0.0	3.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.744	105.6	108.5	10.2	3.9	5.4	2.3	2.7
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.351	157.8	158.5	3.2	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.4
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.852	98.1	97.7	0.4	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.4
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	17.149	115.7	115.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.4
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.703	79.1	78.8	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.4
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.549	137.9	137.9	0.7	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.117	116.1	116.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	6.112	110.4	110.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.369	114.0	113.9	1.2	-0.4	-0.4	0.6	-0.1
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.771	134.2	134.3	2.8	0.0	0.2	0.8	0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.439	87.0	87.0	-1.5	-1.7	-1.3	0.3	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: November 2019 to November 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Oct. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Nov. 2019 to Nov. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	125.7	125.6	-1.0	2.4	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	8.646	140.8	146.9	-19.9	3.9	-6.0	1.3	4.3
Manufacturing	90.751	123.7	123.0	1.2	2.3	0.6	-0.3	-0.6
Canada	100.000	133.6	133.6	-3.8	5.0	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	24.979	137.1	143.4	-20.2	4.1	-6.3	1.1	4.6
Manufacturing	74.010	136.3	134.2	3.3	5.3	1.9	-0.3	-1.5
European Union	100.000	139.3	139.0	1.5	0.4	0.9	0.1	-0.2
Manufacturing	98.997	135.4	135.1	1.4	0.4	0.8	0.1	-0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	129.4	129.1	1.1	0.3	0.5	-0.1	-0.2
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	114.2	114.1	1.4	0.5	1.1	-0.3	-0.1
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	121.9	122.0	-0.2	0.4	1.2	0.4	0.1
Latin America(3)	100.000	143.9	143.6	-0.6	1.3	-0.4	-0.5	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	12.748	213.8	205.3	-16.7	3.4	0.3	-3.4	-4.0
Manufacturing	86.963	120.7	121.1	2.1	1.0	-0.6	0.0	0.3
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.2	127.1	1.3	1.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.9
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	7.299	122.5	108.6	-13.6	3.9	7.1	-3.5	-11.3
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	92.416	89.0	89.0	2.5	0.9	-0.6	0.0	0.0
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	98.0	98.1	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.3	98.4	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	100.000	97.0	97.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.1
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	97.7	98.3	-0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.6
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	86.2	85.9	-0.9	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	98.0	98.5	1.5	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.5
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	150.2	152.8	-14.6	0.1	-0.4	0.4	1.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: November 2019 to November 2020 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Oct. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Nov. 2019 to Nov. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	103.0	103.5	0.4	1.0	0.6	0.2	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	9.022	91.1	95.8	-9.2	0.3	1.1	2.2	5.2
Manufacturing	89.484	104.4	104.4	1.3	0.9	0.6	-0.1	0.0
Canada	100.000	103.8	104.9	0.1	0.9	0.9	0.6	1.1
European Union	100.000	103.1	102.9	-1.5	0.5	0.4	-0.4	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	7.933	81.3	84.2	-15.6	-1.0	0.0	0.7	3.6
Manufacturing	90.616	105.2	104.7	-0.2	0.6	0.4	-0.6	-0.5
Germany	100.000	107.5	106.5	2.0	1.2	0.4	-0.4	-0.9
Latin America(3)	100.000	96.1	96.7	-3.8	-0.2	0.2	0.7	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	7.675	103.7	110.1	4.4	-2.8	3.2	3.7	6.2
Manufacturing	91.768	95.5	95.6	-4.5	-0.2	0.1	0.5	0.1
Mexico	100.000	97.4	97.9	-2.3	0.1	0.5	1.0	0.5
Nonmanufacturing	6.031	99.7	107.3	7.3	-3.6	4.7	4.5	7.6
Manufacturing	93.315	97.1	97.2	-3.0	0.4	0.2	0.8	0.1
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	99.1	100.0	0.6	0.7	0.3	0.6	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	13.263	85.7	87.9	-8.5	1.2	0.8	1.9	2.6
Manufacturing	84.823	101.7	102.3	1.7	0.6	0.2	0.3	0.6
China	100.000	98.4	99.9	2.7	1.0	-0.2	0.8	1.5
Nonmanufacturing	11.174	80.4	83.2	-12.3	3.2	-3.2	2.3	3.5
Manufacturing	86.667	103.2	104.6	4.7	0.7	0.1	1.1	1.4
Japan	100.000	100.5	100.7	0.2	0.7	0.8	1.1	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	18.059	85.7	89.4	-8.4	1.0	2.2	3.1	4.3
Manufacturing	79.854	103.1	102.4	1.9	0.5	0.3	0.6	-0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: November 2019 to November 2020(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Annual	Monthly
			Nov. 2019 to Nov. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.3	100.9	1.5	-1.5	0.5	0.4	0.6
Canada	102.1	103.2	4.1	-4.0	1.1	0.5	1.1
European Union	99.6	99.6	-3.0	0.1	-0.5	-0.5	0.0
Germany	108.3	107.4	0.6	0.6	-0.6	-0.2	-0.8
Latin America(3)	99.4	100.3	-3.2	-1.5	0.6	1.2	0.9
Mexico	98.0	99.4	-3.5	-0.9	0.5	1.2	1.4
Pacific Rim(4)	99.5	100.3	0.0	0.6	0.2	0.6	0.8
China	100.2	101.6	2.2	0.9	-0.2	0.8	1.4
Japan	98.9	99.0	0.0	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.1
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: November 2019 to November 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Oct. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Nov. 2019 to Nov. 2020	Jul. 2020 to Aug. 2020	Aug. 2020 to Sep. 2020	Sep. 2020 to Oct. 2020	Oct. 2020 to Nov. 2020
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	274.7	303.7	69.7	2.2	-2.9	4.1	10.6
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	29.502	239.7	240.9	68.0	1.6	-3.6	10.9	0.5
Asia	62.097	270.7	316.3	85.7	2.9	-2.9	1.8	16.8
Export Air Freight	100.000	153.8	159.0	-2.2	1.1	-2.9	-6.7	3.4
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	29.170	131.8	139.9	-7.5	0.2	-2.5	-11.6	6.1
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	215.1	229.8	40.2	1.7	-5.1	3.0	6.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.226	170.3	168.9	28.7	0.7	-7.9	8.3	-0.8
Asia	61.677	211.7	236.0	54.6	2.4	-4.5	1.3	11.5
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	137.4	144.2	-1.4	-0.1	-4.3	-4.6	4.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	31.981	145.4	157.1	0.4	0.1	-2.9	-15.2	8.0
Asia	46.334	131.8	136.1	-2.6	-1.2	-6.4	4.0	3.3
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	151.8	151.4	-14.9	0.1	4.4	3.9	-0.3
Europe	38.829	150.2	145.5	-30.1	-2.4	9.9	3.6	-3.1
Asia	33.046	173.0	182.3	41.9	8.9	4.8	3.9	5.4
Latin America/Caribbean	7.113	118.7	117.7	-26.3	-9.5	-0.5	7.8	-0.8
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	147.9	169.4	14.5	3.1	5.9	-4.0	14.5
Europe	25.019	159.8	181.0	-4.2	-7.5	1.4	2.4	13.3
Asia	29.039	148.7	217.8	65.4	17.5	16.9	-21.0	46.5
Latin America/Caribbean	25.775	154.9	144.9	-5.2	-3.7	-1.8	11.2	-6.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
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