American Time Use Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, June 27, 2024	                                 USDL-24-1208

 Technical information:       (202) 691-6339  *  atusinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/tus
 Media contact:               (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                           AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY -- 2023 RESULTS


In 2023, 35 percent of employed people did some or all of their work at home on days they 
worked, and 73 percent of employed people did some or all of their work at their workplace, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. 

These and other results from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) were released today. They 
include the average amount of time per day in 2023 that individuals worked, did household 
activities, and engaged in leisure and sports activities. Additionally, measures of the 
average time per day spent providing childcare--both as a primary (or main) activity and 
while doing other things are provided. For a detailed description of ATUS data and 
methodology, see the Technical Note.

Working (by Employed People) in 2023

 --On days they worked, 35 percent of employed people did some or all of their work at home
   and 73 percent of employed people did some or all of their work at their workplace. On
   average, those who worked at home did so for 5.1 hours on days they worked, and those who
   worked at their workplace did so for 7.9 hours. (See table 6.)

 --The share of employed people who spent time working at home on days worked was 
   about the same in 2023 (35 percent) as in 2022 (34 percent). Workers were still more 
   likely to work at home in 2023 than in 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic (35 percent,
   compared with 24 percent). (See table 6.)

 --Workers with higher levels of education were more likely to work at home than were 
   those who had less education. Among workers age 25 and over, 52 percent of employed
   people with a bachelor's degree or higher performed some work at home on days worked, 
   compared with 22 percent of those with a high school diploma and no college. There 
   was little difference in the likelihood to work on an average day for workers with 
   a bachelor's degree or higher (68 percent) and those with a high school diploma and 
   no college (67 percent). (See table 6.)  

 --On days they worked in 2023, employed women and men were about equally likely to do 
   some or all of their work at home--36 percent and 34 percent, respectively. Employed 
   women and men also spent about the same amount of time working at home, on days they 
   did so (5.2 hours for women and 5.1 hours for men). (See table 6.)

 --On days they worked, employed men worked 36 minutes more than employed women. This 
   difference partly reflects women's greater likelihood of working part time. However, 
   even among full-time workers (those usually working 35 hours or more per week), men 
   worked more per day than women--8.3 hours, compared with 8.0 hours. (See table 4.)

 --Many more people worked on weekdays than on weekend days: 80 percent of employed people
   worked on an average weekday, compared with 28 percent on an average weekend day. 
   Employed people also spent more time working on weekdays than on weekend days--8.1 hours, 
   compared with 5.5 hours. (See table 4.)

 --Among those who worked on an average weekend day, those with lower levels of education 
   worked more hours than those with higher levels of education. On weekend days they worked,
   high school graduates with no college spent 7.1 hours working, compared with 3.7 hours for
   those with a bachelor's degree or higher. (See table 4.)

Household Activities in 2023

 --On an average day, 86 percent of women and 71 percent of men spent some time doing household
   activities, such as housework, cooking, lawn care, or household management. (See table 1.)

 --On the days they did household activities, women spent an average of 2.7 hours on these 
   activities, while men spent 2.1 hours. (See table 1.)

 --On an average day, 48 percent of women did housework--such as cleaning or laundry--compared 
   with 22 percent of men. (See table 1.)

 --On average, more people engaged in housework on weekend days than on weekdays: 43 percent, 
   compared with 33 percent. However, they were equally likely to engage in food preparation and
   cleanup on weekdays and on weekend days (61 percent). (See table 2.)

Leisure and Sports Activities in 2023

 --On an average day, nearly everyone age 15 and over (94 percent) engaged in some sort of leisure 
   and sport activity, such as watching TV, socializing, or exercising. Men spent more time in these
   activities than did women (5.6 hours, compared with 4.8 hours). (See table 1.)

 --On average, adults age 75 and over spent 7.6 hours engaged in leisure and sports activities per 
   day--more than any other age group. Those ages 35 to 44 averaged 3.9 hours doing leisure and sports 
   activities per day--less than all other age groups. (See table 11A.) 

 --Watching TV was the leisure and sports activity that occupied the most time (2.7 hours per day), 
   accounting for over half of all leisure time, on average (5.2 hours per day). However, people were 
   less likely to spend time watching TV on an average day in 2023 than in 2013--74 percent, compared 
   with 79 percent. (See tables 1 and 11A.)

 --Playing games and computer use for leisure, and socializing and communicating occupied the most amount 
   of time spent in leisure and sports activities after watching TV. On an average day, individuals spent 
   34 minutes playing games and using a computer for leisure and 34 minutes socializing and communicating. 
   They spent twice as much time socializing on weekend days (55 minutes) as on weekdays (25 minutes). 
   (See tables 11A and 11B.)

 --Time spent reading for personal interest and playing games or using a computer for leisure varied 
   greatly by age. On an average day, individuals age 75 and over spent 46 minutes reading while those 
   ages 15 to 19 read for 8 minutes. Conversely, individuals age 15 to 19 spent 1.6 hours playing games
   or using a computer on an average day, while those ages 75 and older spent 29 minutes doing so. 
   (See table 11A.)

 --Employed adults living in households with no children under age 18 engaged in leisure and sports 
   activities for 4.6 hours per day, over an hour more than did employed adults living with a child 
   under age 6 (3.3 hours). (See table 8B.)

Care of Household Children in 2023

 --Adults living in households with children under age 6 spent an average of 2.3 hours per day providing 
   primary childcare to household children. Adults living in households where the youngest child was between 
   the ages of 6 and 17 spent less than half as much time providing primary childcare to household 
   children--52 minutes per day. Primary childcare is childcare that is done as a main activity, such as
   providing physical care or reading to children. (See table 9.)

 --On an average day, among adults living in households with children under age 6, women spent 1.2 hours
   providing physical care (such as bathing or feeding a child) to household children; by contrast, men spent
   34 minutes providing physical care. (See table 9.)

 --On average, among adults living with children under age 6, those who were not employed spent over an hour 
   more per day caring for and helping household children than did employed adults--3.0 hours versus 1.9 hours. 
   (See tables 8B and 8C.)

 --Adults living in households with at least one child under age 13 spent an average of 5.1 hours per day 
   providing secondary childcare--that is, they had at least one child in their care while doing activities 
   other than primary childcare. Secondary childcare provided by adults living in households with children
   under age 13 was most commonly provided while doing leisure activities (1.9 hours) or household activities 
   (1.3 hours). (See table 10.)

 --Adults living in households with children under age 6 spent about the same amount of time providing primary 
   childcare on an average weekday and weekend day (2.3 hours). However, they spent less time providing secondary 
   childcare on weekdays (4.3 hours) than on weekend days (7.6 hours). (See tables 9 and 10.)

Additional Data 

ATUS 2023 data files are available for users to do their own tabulations and analyses. In accordance with BLS and 
Census Bureau policies that protect the privacy of survey respondents, personally identifying information does not 
appear on the data files. The 2023 data files are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/tus/data.htm.

Technical Note
 

   The estimates in this news release are based on annual average data from the American Time Use
Survey (ATUS). The ATUS, which is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS), is a continuous survey about how individuals age 15 and over spend their time.

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access
telecommunications relay services. 

Survey methodology

   Data collection for the ATUS began in January 2003. Sample cases for the survey are selected
monthly, and interviews are conducted continuously throughout the year. In 2023, approximately
8,500 individuals were interviewed. Estimates are released annually.

   ATUS sample households are chosen from the households that completed their eighth (final)
interview for the Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation's monthly household labor force
survey. ATUS sample households are selected to ensure that estimates will be nationally
representative.

   One individual age 15 or over is randomly chosen from each sampled household. This "designated
person" is interviewed by telephone once about his or her activities on the day before the
interview--the "diary day."

   All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. Procedures are   
in place to collect information from the small number of households that did not provide a telephone
number during the CPS interview.

   ATUS designated people are preassigned a day of the week about which to report. Preassignment is
designed to reduce variability in response rates across the week and to allow oversampling of weekend
days so that accurate weekend day measures can be developed. Interviews occur on the day following
the assigned day. For example, a person assigned to report about a Monday would be contacted on the
following Tuesday. Ten percent of designated people are assigned to report about each of the five
weekdays. Twenty-five percent are assigned to report about each weekend day. Households are called 
for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for example, 8 Tuesdays) in order to secure an interview.

About the questionnaire

   In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, survey respondents sequentially report activities
they did between 4 a.m. on the day before the interview until 4 a.m. on the day of the interview. For
each activity, respondents are asked how long the activity lasted. For activities other than personal 
care activities (such as sleeping and grooming), interviewers also ask respondents where they were and
who was in the room with them (if at home) or who accompanied them (if away from home). If respondents
report doing more than one activity at a time, they are asked to identify which one was the "main"
(primary) activity. If none can be identified, then the interviewer records the first activity 
mentioned. After completing the time diary, interviewers ask respondents additional questions to 
clearly identify work, volunteering, eldercare, and secondary childcare activities. Secondary 
childcare is defined as having a child under age 13 in one's care while doing other activities.

   In addition, the ATUS includes an update of the household composition from the last CPS interview
(2 to 5 months prior to the ATUS interview), the labor force status of the respondent, and the
employment status of his or her spouse or unmarried partner.  For respondents who became employed
or changed jobs between the last CPS interview and the ATUS interview, information also is collected
on industry, occupation, class of worker, and earnings. Finally, a question about current school
enrollment status is asked of all respondents ages 15 to 49.

   After completing the interview, primary activity descriptions are assigned a single 6-digit code
using the ATUS Coding Lexicon. The 3-tier coding system consists of 17 major activity categories,
each with multiple second- and third-tier subcategories. These coding lexicon categories are then
combined into composite categories for publication, such as in this news release. Descriptions of
categories shown in this release can be found in the Major activity category definitions section of
this Technical Note. The ATUS Coding Lexicon can be accessed at www.bls.gov/tus/lexicons.htm.

   Because of the complexity of coding everyday activities into narrowly defined lexicon categories,
coders use a comprehensive set of rules to guide their decisions. In order to capture useful and
detailed information, travel activities are coded according to the purpose of travel. For more 
information about coding travel, see Exhibit 5.1 of the ATUS User's Guide at 
www.bls.gov/tus/atususersguide.pdf.

Concepts and definitions

   Average day. The average day measure reflects an average distribution across all people in the
reference population and all days of the week. The ATUS collects data about daily activities from
all segments of the population age 15 and over, including people who are employed and not employed.
Activity profiles differ based upon age, employment status, sex, and other characteristics. For 
example, in 2023, people in the United States age 15 and over spent 3.3 hours per day working. By
comparison, on an average weekday they worked, full-time employed people spent 8.5 hours working.
Many activities typically are not done on a daily basis, and some activities only are done by a 
subset of the population.

   Average hours per day. The average number of hours spent in a 24-hour day (between 4 a.m. on the
diary day and 4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a specified activity.

 --Average hours per day, population. The average number of hours per day is computed using all
   responses from a given sample of the population, including those of respondents who did not do
   a particular activity on their diary day. These estimates reflect how many people engaged in an
   activity and the amount of time they spent doing it.

 --Average hours per day, people who did the activity. The average number of hours per day is
   computed using only responses from those who engaged in a particular activity on their diary day.

   Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the respondent reports. For example, the diary
day of a respondent interviewed on Tuesday is the preceding Monday.

Earnings

 --Usual weekly earnings. Estimates represent the earnings of full-time wage and salary workers
   with one job only (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed are excluded), before
   taxes and other deductions. They include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually
   received. Usual weekly earnings are updated in the ATUS for about 40 percent of wage and
   salary workers--if the respondent changed jobs or employment status between the CPS and ATUS
   interviews, or if the CPS weekly earnings value was imputed. This means that the earnings
   information could be out of date because the CPS interview was done 2 to 5 months prior to
   the ATUS interview. Respondents are asked to identify the easiest way for them to report
   earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, annually, or other) and how much they 
   usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are
   converted to a weekly equivalent. The term "usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the
   respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as
   more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.

 --Weekly earnings quartiles. The ranges used for the quartiles represent approximately 25 percent
   of full-time wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed are
   excluded) who held only one job. For example, 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers
   with one job only had weekly earnings of $800 or less in 2023. These dollar values vary from
   year to year.

Employment status

 --Employed. All people who:

   1) At any time during the 7 days prior to the interview did any work at all as paid employees,
      or worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm; or 

   2) Were not working during the 7 days prior to the interview but had jobs or businesses from
      which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare
      problems, labor-management disputes, maternity or paternity leave, job training, or other
      family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking
      other jobs; or

   3) Usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise.

 --Employed full time. Full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 or more hours per week at
   all jobs combined.

 --Employed part time. Part-time workers are those who usually worked fewer than 35 hours per week
   at all jobs combined.

 --Not employed. People are not employed if they do not meet the conditions for employment. Those
   who are not employed include individuals classified as unemployed as well as those classified
   as not in the labor force (using CPS definitions).

   The numbers of employed and not employed people in this release do not correspond to published
totals from the CPS for several reasons. First, the reference population for the ATUS is age 15 and
over, whereas it is age 16 and over for the CPS. Second, ATUS data are collected continuously, the
employment reference period being the 7 days prior to the interview. By contrast, CPS data are 
usually collected during the week including the 19th of the month and generally refer to employment
during the week containing the 12th of the month. Finally, the CPS accepts answers from household
members about other household members whereas such proxy responses are not allowed in the ATUS.
While the information on employment from the ATUS is useful for assessing work in the context of
other daily activities, the employment data are not intended for analysis of current employment
trends. Compared with the CPS and other estimates of employment, the ATUS estimates are based on
a much smaller sample and are only available with a substantial lag since ATUS data and estimates
are published during the year following data collection.

   Household children. Household children are children under age 18 residing in the household of
the ATUS respondent. The children may be related to the respondent (such as his or her own children,
grandchildren, nieces or nephews, or brothers or sisters) or not related (such as foster children
or children of roommates or boarders).

   Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity a respondent was doing at a specified
time. With the exception of secondary childcare in table 10, the estimates presented in this release
reflect time spent in primary activities only.

   Secondary activities. A secondary (or simultaneous) activity is an activity done at the same time
as a primary activity. With the exception of the care of children under age 13, information on 
secondary activities is not collected in the ATUS.

   Secondary childcare. Secondary childcare is care for children under age 13 that is done while
doing an activity other than primary childcare, such as cooking dinner. Secondary childcare estimates
are derived by summing the durations of activities during which respondents had at least one child
under age 13 in their care while doing other things. The time individuals spend providing secondary
childcare is further restricted to the time between when the first household child under age 13 woke
up and when the last household child under age 13 went to bed. It is also restricted to times the
respondent was awake. If respondents report providing both primary and secondary care at the same
time, the time is attributed to primary care only.

   Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates. Estimates for weekdays are an average of reports about
Monday through Friday, excluding holidays. Estimates for weekend days and holidays are an average
of reports about Saturdays, Sundays, and the following holidays:  New Year's Day, Easter, Memorial
Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. Data were not collected
about New Year's Day in 2023.

Major activity category definitions

   The following definitions describe the activity categories shown in this report. All major 
time-use categories in this release include related travel time and waiting time. For example,
time spent "driving to the stadium" and time spent "waiting to get into the stadium to play ball"
are included in Leisure and sports.

   Personal care activities. Personal care activities include sleeping, grooming (such as bathing
or dressing), health-related self-care, and personal or private activities. Receiving unpaid
personal care from others (for example, "my sister put polish on my nails") also is captured in
this category. In general, respondents are not asked who they were with or where they were for
personal care activities, as such information can be sensitive.

   Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking (except eating and drinking done as
part of a work or volunteer activity), whether alone, with others, at home, at a place of purchase,
or somewhere else, is classified here.

   Household activities. Household activities are activities done by individuals to maintain their
households. These include housework; cooking; lawn and garden care; pet care; vehicle maintenance
and repair; home maintenance, repair, decoration, and renovation; and household management and
organizational activities (such as filling out paperwork or planning a party). Food preparation,
whether or not reported as done specifically for another household member, is always classified
as a household activity unless it was done as a volunteer, work, or income-generating activity.
For example, "making breakfast for my son" is coded as a household activity, not as childcare.

   Purchasing goods and services. This category includes time spent purchasing consumer goods,
professional and personal care services, household services, and government services. Consumer 
purchases include most purchases and rentals of consumer goods, regardless of the mode or place
of purchase or rental (in person, online, via telephone, at home, or in a store). Gasoline,
grocery, other food purchases, and all other shopping are further broken out in subcategories.

   Time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing professional and personal care services provided
by someone else also is classified in this category. Professional services include childcare,
financial services and banking, legal services, medical and adult care services, real estate
services, and veterinary services. Personal care services include day spas, hair salons and 
barbershops, nail salons, and tanning salons. Activities classified here include time spent paying,
meeting with, or talking to service providers, as well as time spent receiving the service or 
waiting to receive the service.

   Time spent arranging for and purchasing household services provided by someone else also is
classified here. Household services include housecleaning; cooking; lawn care and landscaping;
pet care; tailoring, laundering, and dry cleaning; vehicle maintenance and repairs; and home 
repairs, maintenance, and construction.

   This category also captures the time spent obtaining government services--such as applying for
food assistance and purchasing government-required licenses or paying fines or fees.

   Caring for and helping household members. Time spent doing activities to care for or help any
child (under age 18) or adult in the household, regardless of relationship to the respondent or
the physical or mental health status of the person being helped, is classified here. Caring for 
and helping activities for household children and adults are coded separately in subcategories.

   Primary childcare activities include time spent providing physical care; playing with children;
reading with children; assisting with homework; attending children's events; taking care of 
children's health needs; and dropping off, picking up, and waiting for children. Passive childcare
done as a primary activity (such as "keeping an eye on my son while he swam in the pool") also
is included. A child's presence during the activity is not enough in itself to classify the 
activity as childcare. For example, "watching television with my child" is coded as a leisure 
activity, not as childcare.

   Secondary childcare occurs when people have a child under age 13 "in their care" while doing
activities other than primary childcare. For a complete definition, see the Concepts and 
definitions section of this Technical Note.

   Caring for and helping household members also includes a range of activities done to benefit
adult members of households, such as providing physical and medical care or obtaining medical
services. Doing something as a favor for or helping another household adult does not automatically
result in classification as a helping activity. For example, a report of "helping my spouse cook
dinner" is considered a household activity (food preparation), not a helping activity, because
cooking dinner benefits the household as a whole. By contrast, doing paperwork for another person
usually benefits the individual, so a report of "filling out an insurance application for my 
spouse" is considered a helping activity.

   Caring for and helping nonhousehold members. This category includes time spent in activities
done to care for or help others--both children (under age 18) and adults--who do not live in the
household. When done for or through an organization, time spent helping nonhousehold members is
classified as volunteering, rather than as helping nonhousehold members. Care of nonhousehold
children, even when done as a favor or helping activity for another adult, is always classified
as caring for and helping nonhousehold children, not as helping another adult.

   Working and work-related activities. This category includes time spent working, doing activities
as part of one's job, engaging in income-generating activities not as part of one's job, and job
search activities. "Working" includes hours spent doing the specific tasks required of one's main
or other job, regardless of location or time of day. "Work-related activities" include activities
that are not obviously work but are done as part of one's job, such as having a business lunch
and playing golf with clients. "Other income-generating activities" are those done "on the side"
or under informal arrangement and are not part of a regular job. Such activities might include
selling homemade crafts, maintaining a rental property, or having a yard sale. These activities
are those for which individuals are paid or will be paid. 

   Travel time related to working and work-related activities includes time spent traveling to
and from work, as well as time spent traveling for work-related, income-generating, and job search
activities.

   Educational activities. Time spent taking classes for a degree or for personal interest
(including attending school virtually and taking internet or other distance-learning courses),
time spent doing research and homework, and time spent taking care of administrative tasks related
to education (such as registering for classes or obtaining a school ID) are included in this 
category. For high school students, before- and after-school extracurricular activities (except
sports) also are classified as educational activities. Educational activities do not include
time spent for classes or training received as part of a job. Time spent helping others with 
their education-related activities is classified as an activity involving caring for and helping
others.

   Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This category captures time spent volunteering
for or through an organization, performing civic obligations, and participating in religious and
spiritual activities. Civic obligations include government-required duties, such as serving jury
duty or appearing in court, and activities that assist or influence government processes, such
as voting or attending town hall meetings. Religious activities include those normally associated
with membership in or identification with specific religions or denominations, such as attending
religious services; participating in choirs, youth groups, or unpaid teaching (unless identified
as volunteer activities); and engaging in personal religious practices, such as praying.

   Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category includes time spent in sports, exercise,
and recreation; socializing and communicating; and other leisure activities. Sports, exercise,
and recreation activities include participating in--as well as attending or watching--sports, 
exercise, and recreational activities. Recreational activities include yard games like croquet
or horseshoes, as well as activities like billiards and dancing. Socializing and communicating
includes face-to-face social communication and hosting or attending social functions. Leisure 
activities include watching television; reading; relaxing or thinking; playing computer, board,
or card games; using a computer or the internet for personal interest; playing or listening to
music; and other activities, such as attending arts, cultural, and entertainment events.

   Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail. This category captures time spent in telephone communication
and household or personal mail or e-mail. This category also includes texting and internet voice
and video calling. Telephone and internet purchases are classified in Purchasing goods and services.
Telephone calls, mail, or e-mail identified as related to work or volunteering are classified as
work or volunteering.

   Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This residual category includes security procedures
related to traveling, traveling not associated with a specific activity category, ambiguous
activities that could not be coded, and missing activities. Missing activities result when 
respondents did not remember what they did for a period of time, or when they considered an 
activity too private or personal to report. 

Processing and estimation

   After ATUS data are collected, they go through an editing and imputation procedure. Responses to
CPS questions that are re-asked in the ATUS go through the regular CPS edit and imputation 
procedures. Some item nonresponses for questions unique to the ATUS (such as where an activity took
place or how much time was spent doing secondary childcare) also are imputed. Missing activities
and missing values for who was present during an activity are never imputed.

   ATUS records are weighted quarterly to reduce bias in the estimates due to differences in 
sampling and response rates across subpopulations and days of the week. Specifically, the data are
weighted to ensure the following:

 --Weekdays represent about 5/7 of the weighted data, and weekend days represent about 2/7 of the
   weighted data for the population as a whole and for selected subpopulations. The actual 
   proportions depend on the number of weekdays and weekend days in a given quarter.

 --The sum of the weights is equal to the number of person-days in the quarter for the population
   as a whole and for selected subpopulations.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample,
rather than the entire population, is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population values
they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is
known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.

   Sample estimates from a given survey design are unbiased when an average of the estimates from
all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the
sample estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals,
or ranges of values that include the true population value with known probabilities. If the process
of selecting a sample from the population were repeated many times, an estimate made from each
sample, and a suitable estimate of its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately
90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value. BLS analyses are generally conducted at
the 90-percent level of confidence.

   The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error, which is the average difference between
population and sample values for samples generated by a given process. Nonsampling error can occur
for many reasons, including failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all people in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide
correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Errors also
could occur if nonresponse is correlated with time use.

Publication requirements

   Estimates of average hours per day and participation rates are not published unless there are a
minimum number of respondents representing the given population. Additional publication criteria
are applied that include the number of respondents who reported doing a specified activity and the
standard error or coefficient of variation for the estimate. Estimates that are considered "close
to zero" or that round to 0.00, are published as approximately zero or "z". For a detailed 
description of the statistical reliability criteria necessary for publication, please contact
ATUS staff at ATUSinfo@bls.gov.

Table 1. Time spent in primary activities and percent of the civilian population engaging in each activity, averages per day
by sex, 2023 annual averages

Activity	Average hours per day, civilian population			Average percent engaged in the activity per day			Average hours per day for persons who engaged in the activity
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	-	-	-	-	-	-
Personal care activities	9.84	9.59	10.07	99.9	100.0	99.9	9.85	9.59	10.09
Sleeping(2)	9.07	8.97	9.17	99.9	99.9	99.8	9.08	8.97	9.19
Eating and drinking	1.20	1.22	1.18	95.6	95.8	95.4	1.25	1.27	1.24
Household activities	1.92	1.49	2.32	78.6	70.7	86.2	2.44	2.11	2.69
Housework	0.61	0.32	0.89	35.6	22.3	48.3	1.72	1.43	1.85
Food preparation and cleanup	0.65	0.43	0.85	61.2	50.9	71.1	1.05	0.84	1.20
Lawn and garden care	0.17	0.22	0.11	8.9	10.1	7.8	1.87	2.18	1.47
Household management	0.13	0.11	0.16	16.0	12.7	19.2	0.83	0.85	0.81
Purchasing goods and services	0.66	0.55	0.76	39.7	36.4	42.8	1.66	1.50	1.79
Consumer goods purchases	0.31	0.25	0.37	36.1	33.1	38.9	0.86	0.74	0.95
Professional and personal care services	0.08	0.06	0.11	6.5	5.3	7.7	1.26	1.10	1.37
Caring for and helping household members	0.50	0.38	0.62	22.0	18.2	25.6	2.29	2.09	2.42
Caring for and helping household children	0.38	0.28	0.47	18.2	14.9	21.4	2.08	1.90	2.20
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.17	0.15	0.19	8.5	7.4	9.6	2.02	2.04	2.00
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.06	0.07	0.06	5.6	5.5	5.7	1.15	1.19	1.11
Working and work-related activities	3.56	4.17	2.98	43.9	49.2	38.8	8.13	8.48	7.69
Working	3.26	3.82	2.73	42.1	47.6	36.8	7.74	8.01	7.41
Educational activities	0.39	0.36	0.42	7.0	6.5	7.4	5.62	5.50	5.73
Attending class	0.21	0.20	0.22	3.9	4.2	3.7	5.31	4.76	5.90
Homework and research	0.16	0.14	0.18	5.4	5.1	5.7	2.96	2.74	3.16
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.24	0.20	0.28	11.4	9.3	13.4	2.12	2.18	2.08
Religious and spiritual activities	0.11	0.09	0.14	7.6	5.5	9.6	1.50	1.56	1.46
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.10	0.09	0.10	4.6	4.4	4.8	2.11	2.10	2.11
Leisure and sports	5.15	5.56	4.76	94.1	95.5	92.7	5.48	5.83	5.13
Socializing and communicating	0.57	0.55	0.60	29.2	28.0	30.5	1.96	1.96	1.96
Watching television	2.67	2.87	2.47	73.7	74.8	72.7	3.62	3.83	3.41
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.31	0.37	0.26	21.1	22.4	19.9	1.49	1.66	1.29
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.16	0.13	0.20	18.2	14.6	21.6	0.90	0.88	0.90
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.21	0.19	0.22	14.8	13.5	16.1	1.39	1.43	1.36
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 2. Time spent in primary activities and percent of the civilian population engaging in each
activity, averages per day on weekdays and weekends, 2023 annual averages

Activity	Average hours per day, civilian population		Average percent engaged in the activity per day		Average hours per day for persons who engaged in the activity
	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	-	-	-	-
Personal care activities	9.57	10.44	99.9	100.0	9.58	10.45
Sleeping(2)	8.80	9.69	99.8	99.9	8.82	9.69
Eating and drinking	1.15	1.32	95.6	95.5	1.20	1.38
Household activities	1.69	2.43	77.7	80.7	2.18	3.01
Housework	0.52	0.83	32.6	42.5	1.59	1.95
Food preparation and cleanup	0.61	0.73	61.4	60.8	0.99	1.20
Lawn and garden care	0.14	0.23	8.1	10.9	1.74	2.07
Household management	0.12	0.17	15.8	16.7	0.74	1.01
Purchasing goods and services	0.64	0.69	39.1	40.9	1.64	1.69
Consumer goods purchases	0.27	0.39	34.6	39.4	0.79	0.98
Professional and personal care services	0.10	0.03	8.1	2.8	1.27	1.19
Caring for and helping household members	0.53	0.45	23.2	19.2	2.27	2.32
Caring for and helping household children	0.39	0.36	19.5	15.4	2.00	2.33
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.16	0.19	8.2	9.3	2.00	2.04
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.06	0.08	5.3	6.3	1.11	1.22
Working and work-related activities	4.63	1.12	54.3	19.9	8.52	5.64
Working	4.25	0.99	52.6	18.1	8.08	5.47
Educational activities	0.48	0.18	7.9	4.9	6.14	3.73
Attending class	0.29	0.01	5.4	0.5	5.43	2.22
Homework and research	0.16	0.17	5.7	4.6	2.74	3.60
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.18	0.38	10.0	14.7	1.83	2.56
Religious and spiritual activities	0.07	0.21	5.8	11.7	1.21	1.83
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.09	0.11	4.7	4.4	1.91	2.58
Leisure and sports	4.60	6.43	93.2	96.0	4.93	6.69
Socializing and communicating	0.42	0.91	26.7	35.2	1.59	2.60
Watching television	2.38	3.32	71.8	78.0	3.32	4.25
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.30	0.35	22.1	19.0	1.35	1.85
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.18	0.13	19.3	15.5	0.91	0.87
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.19	0.24	14.4	15.8	1.32	1.52
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 3. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, marital status, and
educational attainment, 2023 annual averages

Characteristic	Average hours per day spent in primary activities(1)
	Personal care activities	Eating and drinking	Household activities	Purchasing goods and services	Caring for and helping household members	Caring for and helping non- household members	Working and work- related activities	Educational activities	Organizational, civic, and religious activities	Leisure and sports	Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	Other activities, not elsewhere classified
Age and sex
Total, 15 years and over	9.84	1.20	1.92	0.66	0.50	0.17	3.56	0.39	0.24	5.15	0.16	0.21
15 to 19 years	10.87	1.09	0.84	0.40	0.19	0.07	1.27	3.14	0.25	5.46	0.25	0.16
20 to 24 years	10.50	0.92	1.17	0.49	0.30	0.18	3.67	0.92	0.11	5.36	0.18	0.21
25 to 34 years	9.76	1.15	1.58	0.59	0.92	0.06	5.02	0.18	0.13	4.29	0.11	0.23
35 to 44 years	9.46	1.16	1.87	0.71	1.14	0.13	5.04	0.09	0.20	3.87	0.10	0.23
45 to 54 years	9.50	1.18	2.07	0.71	0.56	0.15	4.79	0.09	0.24	4.40	0.10	0.18
55 to 64 years	9.69	1.25	2.19	0.65	0.12	0.29	4.02	0.04	0.24	5.18	0.16	0.18
65 to 74 years	9.67	1.34	2.66	0.81	0.16	0.34	1.42	0.02	0.39	6.71	0.23	0.24
75 years and over	10.18	1.46	2.48	0.77	0.10	0.14	0.37	(2)-	0.43	7.57	0.29	0.21
Men, 15 years and over	9.59	1.22	1.49	0.55	0.38	0.15	4.17	0.36	0.20	5.56	0.13	0.19
15 to 19 years	10.61	1.04	0.57	0.29	(3)-	0.08	1.24	3.03	(3)-	6.51	0.14	0.11
20 to 24 years	10.19	0.86	0.95	0.36	(3)-	0.17	3.81	0.58	(3)-	6.14	(3)-	(3)-
25 to 34 years	9.42	1.12	1.14	0.43	0.62	0.08	5.90	0.24	0.10	4.64	0.10	0.20
35 to 44 years	9.21	1.23	1.48	0.60	0.87	0.15	5.79	0.03	0.16	4.18	0.10	0.20
45 to 54 years	9.30	1.16	1.60	0.64	0.43	0.11	5.45	(3)-	0.18	4.87	0.05	0.17
55 to 64 years	9.40	1.34	1.72	0.53	0.12	0.18	4.73	(3)-	0.25	5.41	0.10	0.20
65 to 74 years	9.61	1.39	2.31	0.71	0.12	0.28	1.88	(2)-	0.22	7.13	0.16	0.17
75 years and over	9.91	1.62	1.95	0.76	0.14	0.18	0.55	(2)-	0.42	8.05	0.22	0.20
Women, 15 years and over	10.07	1.18	2.32	0.76	0.62	0.19	2.98	0.42	0.28	4.76	0.20	0.22
15 to 19 years	11.14	1.13	1.13	0.51	(3)-	(3)-	1.29	3.25	(3)-	4.38	(3)-	0.22
20 to 24 years	10.81	0.97	1.40	0.63	0.39	(3)-	3.52	1.25	(3)-	4.55	0.06	0.13
25 to 34 years	10.10	1.17	2.03	0.74	1.22	0.04	4.13	0.12	0.16	3.93	0.11	0.25
35 to 44 years	9.71	1.08	2.25	0.82	1.42	0.10	4.29	0.16	0.24	3.57	0.11	0.25
45 to 54 years	9.70	1.21	2.54	0.79	0.69	0.18	4.15	0.14	0.30	3.94	0.16	0.19
55 to 64 years	9.96	1.17	2.65	0.76	0.12	0.39	3.35	0.04	0.23	4.97	0.21	0.15
65 to 74 years	9.73	1.30	2.97	0.90	0.19	0.39	1.02	(2)-	0.55	6.34	0.29	0.30
75 years and over	10.38	1.34	2.87	0.78	0.06	0.11	0.23	(2)-	0.43	7.21	0.35	0.22
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White, 15 years and over	9.76	1.23	2.02	0.66	0.50	0.18	3.52	0.36	0.24	5.17	0.15	0.20
Men	9.48	1.26	1.61	0.56	0.40	0.16	4.15	0.37	0.20	5.49	0.12	0.21
Women	10.04	1.21	2.42	0.77	0.59	0.20	2.91	0.36	0.27	4.85	0.18	0.20
Black or African American, 15 years and over	10.27	0.88	1.48	0.66	0.44	0.14	3.52	0.37	0.32	5.51	0.20	0.20
Men	10.29	0.88	1.07	0.49	0.27	0.13	3.84	(3)-	0.25	6.27	0.09	0.13
Women	10.25	0.88	1.84	0.81	0.59	0.15	3.25	0.45	0.38	4.84	0.30	0.26
Asian, 15 years and over	9.83	1.45	1.62	0.57	0.70	0.11	4.20	0.65	0.15	4.34	0.13	0.26
Men	9.65	1.38	1.07	0.58	0.46	0.10	5.01	(3)-	0.08	5.10	0.12	0.14
Women	9.99	1.51	2.13	0.57	0.92	0.11	3.45	0.95	0.22	3.63	0.13	(3)-
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 15 years and over	10.12	1.28	1.94	0.58	0.65	0.13	3.76	0.66	0.17	4.42	0.13	0.15
Men	9.89	1.30	1.29	0.51	0.47	0.13	4.52	0.68	0.12	4.84	0.11	0.14
Women	10.35	1.26	2.60	0.65	0.83	0.13	3.00	0.64	0.23	3.99	0.15	0.16
Marital status and sex
Married, spouse present	9.52	1.31	2.27	0.71	0.76	0.18	3.79	0.06	0.28	4.78	0.11	0.22
Men	9.25	1.36	1.81	0.62	0.60	0.15	4.48	0.03	0.25	5.16	0.08	0.20
Women	9.79	1.26	2.73	0.79	0.92	0.22	3.10	0.09	0.31	4.41	0.15	0.24
Other marital statuses	10.15	1.09	1.56	0.60	0.24	0.16	3.33	0.73	0.20	5.53	0.21	0.19
Men	9.94	1.07	1.16	0.46	0.15	0.15	3.84	0.70	0.16	5.99	0.18	0.18
Women	10.35	1.10	1.92	0.73	0.33	0.17	2.86	0.75	0.25	5.10	0.24	0.20
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	10.13	1.17	2.19	0.68	0.46	0.14	2.89	(3)-	0.25	5.71	0.09	0.23
High school graduates, no college	9.85	1.17	2.20	0.67	0.44	0.19	3.39	0.05	0.21	5.54	0.12	0.16
Some college or associate degree	9.67	1.16	2.10	0.68	0.54	0.21	3.90	0.11	0.21	5.10	0.15	0.16
Bachelor's degree and higher	9.48	1.33	1.99	0.73	0.65	0.16	4.12	0.09	0.31	4.69	0.19	0.27
Bachelor's degree only	9.44	1.30	2.04	0.68	0.65	0.17	4.08	0.11	0.29	4.78	0.19	0.27
Advanced degree	9.53	1.38	1.92	0.79	0.64	0.14	4.17	0.07	0.33	4.57	0.19	0.27
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Estimate is approximately zero. (3) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.

Table 4. Employed persons working and time spent working on days worked by full- and part-time status and sex, jobholding status, educational attainment, and day of week, 2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked on an average weekday			Employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(1)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(2)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work
Full- and part-time status and sex
Total, 15 years and over(3)	175,956	113,901	64.7	7.75	141,522	80.4	8.09	49,387	28.1	5.47
Full-time workers	141,092	98,308	69.7	8.15	122,487	86.8	8.49	39,551	28.0	5.56
Part-time workers	34,864	15,592	44.7	5.28	18,472	53.0	5.31	9,830	28.2	5.17
Men(3)	94,673	63,111	66.7	8.02	77,513	81.9	8.42	28,999	30.6	5.50
Full-time workers	80,988	57,953	71.6	8.26	71,524	88.3	8.66	25,058	30.9	5.51
Part-time workers	13,685	5,157	37.7	5.29	5,732	41.9	5.23	3,967	29.0	5.44
Women(3)	81,283	50,790	62.5	7.42	63,997	78.7	7.70	20,439	25.1	5.43
Full-time workers	60,104	40,355	67.1	7.98	50,965	84.8	8.25	14,483	24.1	5.64
Part-time workers	21,179	10,435	49.3	5.28	12,770	60.3	5.34	5,867	27.7	4.99
Jobholding status
Single jobholders	160,147	102,215	63.8	7.77	128,287	80.1	8.10	41,481	25.9	5.36
Multiple jobholders	15,809	11,686	73.9	7.62	13,230	83.7	8.00	7,979	50.5	6.08
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	9,203	5,732	62.3	8.06	7,125	77.4	8.24	(4)-	(4)-	6.80
High school graduates, no college	36,328	24,379	67.1	8.16	30,250	83.3	8.32	10,785	29.7	7.13
Some college or associate degree	33,066	22,130	66.9	8.18	27,079	81.9	8.44	9,441	28.6	6.25
Bachelor's degree and higher	71,394	48,412	67.8	7.47	61,183	85.7	7.99	19,238	26.9	3.67
Bachelor's degree only	42,610	28,487	66.9	7.55	36,236	85.0	7.98	10,652	25.0	4.18
Advanced degree	28,784	19,925	69.2	7.35	24,948	86.7	8.01	8,576	29.8	3.04
Footnotes (1) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday. (2) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday. (3) Includes workers whose hours vary. (4) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
NOTE: Includes work at main and other job(s), and excludes travel related to work. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 5. Employed persons working on main job and time spent working on days worked by class of worker, occupation, earnings, and day of week, 2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked on an average weekday			Employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(1)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(2)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work
Class of worker (main job only)
Wage and salary workers	164,144	105,029	64.0	7.75	131,942	80.4	8.06	42,312	25.8	5.49
Self-employed workers(3)	11,787	7,393	62.7	6.80	8,633	73.2	7.34	4,411	37.4	4.28
Occupation (main job only)
Management, business, and financial operations	36,430	25,904	71.1	7.63	32,761	89.9	8.12	9,457	26.0	3.61
Professional and related	45,286	28,813	63.6	7.46	36,094	79.7	7.89	10,824	23.9	3.91
Service	25,176	13,762	54.7	7.22	16,819	66.8	7.31	7,579	30.1	6.82
Sales and related	15,811	10,964	69.3	7.45	12,732	80.5	7.76	6,636	42.0	5.99
Office and administrative support	16,370	9,621	58.8	7.87	12,837	78.4	8.04	2,696	16.5	6.18
Farming, fishing, and forestry	1,992	(4)-	(4)-	7.71	(4)-	(4)-	8.03	(4)-	(4)-	7.25
Construction and extraction	8,702	5,402	62.1	8.69	6,990	80.3	8.73	(4)-	(4)-	8.26
Installation, maintenance, and repair	4,873	3,622	74.3	8.54	(4)-	(4)-	8.82	(4)-	(4)-	6.31
Production	9,002	6,074	67.5	8.43	7,425	82.5	8.63	(4)-	(4)-	6.32
Transportation and material moving	12,314	7,367	59.8	8.04	8,900	72.3	8.30	3,674	29.8	6.52
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(5)
$0 - $800	29,310	19,762	67.4	8.12	24,630	84.0	8.26	8,164	27.9	7.15
$801 - $1,200	29,743	20,198	67.9	8.33	25,108	84.4	8.54	7,425	25.0	6.51
$1,201 - $1,875	28,627	19,081	66.7	8.06	24,873	86.9	8.38	5,714	20.0	4.77
$1,876 and higher	29,120	20,835	71.5	8.13	27,228	93.5	8.64	6,764	23.2	3.60
Footnotes (1) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday. (2) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday. (3) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated are classified as wage and salary workers. (4) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (5) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Includes work at main job only and excludes travel related to work. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 6. Employed persons working at home, workplace, and time spent working at each location by full- and part-time status and sex, jobholding status, and educational attainment, 2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked at their workplace on an average day(1)			Employed persons who worked at home on an average day(1)(2)
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at workplace	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at home
Full- and part-time status and sex
Total, 15 years and over(3)	175,956	113,901	64.7	7.75	82,644	72.6	7.86	39,403	34.6	5.12
Full-time workers	141,092	98,308	69.7	8.15	71,800	73.0	8.19	34,366	35.0	5.37
Part-time workers	34,864	15,592	44.7	5.28	10,844	69.5	5.66	5,037	32.3	3.45
Men(3)	94,673	63,111	66.7	8.02	46,442	73.6	8.15	21,173	33.5	5.07
Full-time workers	80,988	57,953	71.6	8.26	43,432	74.9	8.30	19,118	33.0	5.23
Part-time workers	13,685	5,157	37.7	5.29	(4)-	(4)-	6.04	(4)-	(4)-	3.59
Women(3)	81,283	50,790	62.5	7.42	36,202	71.3	7.48	18,230	35.9	5.19
Full-time workers	60,104	40,355	67.1	7.98	28,368	70.3	8.02	15,247	37.8	5.55
Part-time workers	21,179	10,435	49.3	5.28	7,834	75.1	5.51	2,982	28.6	3.35
Jobholding status
Single jobholders	160,147	102,215	63.8	7.77	75,099	73.5	7.91	33,854	33.1	5.14
Multiple jobholders	15,809	11,686	73.9	7.62	7,545	64.6	7.33	5,549	47.5	5.05
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	9,203	5,732	62.3	8.06	4,872	85.0	8.03	631	11.0	4.67
High school graduates, no college	36,328	24,379	67.1	8.16	20,736	85.1	8.02	5,366	22.0	4.89
Some college or associate degree	33,066	22,130	66.9	8.18	17,606	79.6	8.18	5,861	26.5	5.47
Bachelor's degree and higher	71,394	48,412	67.8	7.47	27,642	57.1	7.83	25,348	52.4	5.20
Bachelor's degree only	42,610	28,487	66.9	7.55	16,416	57.6	7.67	14,608	51.3	5.55
Advanced degree	28,784	19,925	69.2	7.35	11,225	56.3	8.05	10,740	53.9	4.73
Footnotes (1) Individuals may have worked at more than one location. (2) Working at home includes any time persons did work at home and is not restricted to persons whose usual workplace is their home. (3) Includes workers whose hours vary. (4) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
NOTE: Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 7. Employed persons working on main job at home, workplace, and time spent working at each location by class of worker, occupation, and earnings, 2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked at their workplace on an average day(1)			Employed persons who worked at home on an average day(1)(2)
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at workplace	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at home
Class of worker (main job only)
Wage and salary workers	164,144	105,029	64.0	7.75	77,522	73.8	7.88	33,850	32.2	5.22
Self-employed workers(3)	11,787	7,393	62.7	6.80	4,176	56.5	7.37	4,010	54.2	4.20
Occupation (main job only)
Management, business, and financial operations	36,430	25,904	71.1	7.63	15,261	58.9	7.85	12,682	49.0	5.71
Professional and related	45,286	28,813	63.6	7.46	17,884	62.1	7.79	13,485	46.8	5.05
Service	25,176	13,762	54.7	7.22	11,779	85.6	7.42	2,209	16.1	4.39
Sales and related	15,811	10,964	69.3	7.45	8,699	79.3	7.31	3,053	27.8	5.20
Office and administrative support	16,370	9,621	58.8	7.87	7,051	73.3	8.18	2,761	28.7	5.77
Farming, fishing, and forestry	1,992	(4)-	(4)-	7.71	(4)-	(4)-	7.42	(4)-	(4)-	5.61
Construction and extraction	8,702	5,402	62.1	8.69	5,197	96.2	8.64	428	7.9	(4)-
Installation, maintenance, and repair	4,873	3,622	74.3	8.54	3,327	91.8	8.42	559	15.4	(4)-
Production	9,002	6,074	67.5	8.43	5,674	93.4	8.33	909	15.0	2.91
Transportation and material moving	12,314	7,367	59.8	8.04	6,349	86.2	7.89	1,276	17.3	(4)-
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(5)
$0 - $800	29,310	19,762	67.4	8.12	17,705	89.6	8.07	2,806	14.2	5.09
$801 - $1,200	29,743	20,198	67.9	8.33	16,178	80.1	8.35	4,654	23.0	5.49
$1,201 - $1,875	28,627	19,081	66.7	8.06	14,093	73.9	8.28	6,416	33.6	5.35
$1,876 and higher	29,120	20,835	71.5	8.13	11,641	55.9	8.31	11,254	54.0	5.82
Footnotes (1) Individuals may have worked at more than one location. (2) Working at home includes any time persons did work at home and is not restricted to persons whose usual workplace is their home. (3) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated are classified as wage and salary workers. (4) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (5) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Includes work at main job only and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 8A. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of youngest household child and sex, 2023 annual averages, total

Activity	Average hours per day spent in primary activities
	Household child under 18									No household children under 18
	Total			Youngest household child under 6			Youngest household child 6 to 17			Total	Men	Women
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	9.61	9.43	9.78	9.48	9.15	9.76	9.71	9.62	9.79	9.87	9.60	10.14
Sleeping(2)	8.90	8.83	8.95	8.80	8.54	9.02	8.96	9.03	8.91	9.10	8.98	9.22
Eating and drinking	1.16	1.18	1.14	1.17	1.22	1.13	1.15	1.15	1.15	1.23	1.25	1.20
Household activities	1.93	1.42	2.38	1.97	1.50	2.37	1.91	1.38	2.39	2.00	1.60	2.40
Housework	0.68	0.37	0.95	0.73	0.44	0.98	0.64	0.32	0.93	0.61	0.31	0.91
Food preparation and cleanup	0.75	0.45	1.01	0.79	0.51	1.02	0.72	0.41	1.00	0.63	0.44	0.81
Lawn and garden care	0.10	0.14	0.06	0.09	0.14	0.05	0.11	0.15	0.07	0.21	0.27	0.15
Household management	0.12	0.10	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.12	0.11	0.09	0.13	0.15	0.12	0.18
Purchasing goods and services	0.66	0.52	0.79	0.57	0.46	0.65	0.73	0.56	0.88	0.68	0.58	0.77
Consumer goods purchases	0.32	0.24	0.38	0.28	0.22	0.33	0.34	0.25	0.42	0.31	0.26	0.37
Professional and personal care services	0.08	0.06	0.10	0.05	0.02	0.07	0.10	0.08	0.11	0.09	0.06	0.12
Caring for and helping household members	1.50	1.16	1.79	2.36	1.87	2.77	0.91	0.69	1.11	0.06	0.06	0.07
Caring for and helping household children	1.23	0.96	1.47	2.07	1.64	2.44	0.66	0.51	0.80	-	-	-
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.12	0.12	0.11	0.10	0.12	0.08	0.13	0.12	0.14	0.21	0.17	0.24
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.03	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.07
Working and work-related activities	4.38	5.16	3.68	4.21	5.39	3.21	4.49	5.02	4.01	3.43	4.01	2.84
Working	4.02	4.74	3.38	3.88	4.92	2.99	4.12	4.62	3.66	3.13	3.67	2.60
Educational activities	0.27	0.20	0.33	0.20	(3)-	(3)-	0.31	(3)-	0.37	0.19	0.17	0.20
Attending class	0.10	0.12	0.08	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.14	(3)-	(3)-	0.06	0.05	0.07
Homework and research	0.15	0.07	0.21	0.15	(3)-	(3)-	0.14	0.08	0.20	0.12	0.12	0.12
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.22	0.21	0.23	0.17	0.14	0.20	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.20	0.30
Religious and spiritual activities	0.10	0.07	0.13	0.10	0.08	0.11	0.10	0.06	0.14	0.12	0.09	0.15
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.09	0.12	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.12	0.17	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.11
Leisure and sports	3.84	4.35	3.39	3.44	3.75	3.18	4.11	4.74	3.53	5.71	5.99	5.42
Socializing and communicating	0.59	0.67	0.52	0.61	0.70	0.52	0.58	0.65	0.52	0.56	0.50	0.62
Watching television	1.79	1.98	1.62	1.61	1.81	1.45	1.91	2.10	1.74	3.15	3.35	2.95
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.26	0.34	0.19	0.25	0.29	0.22	0.27	0.37	0.18	0.30	0.34	0.27
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.09	0.06	0.11	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.11	0.06	0.14	0.19	0.15	0.22
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.23	0.18	0.28	0.28	0.22	0.33	0.20	0.15	0.24	0.20	0.21	0.19
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness. (3) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.

Table 8B. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of youngest household child and sex, 2023 annual averages, employed

Activity	Average hours per day spent in primary activities
	Household child under 18									No household children under 18
	Total			Youngest household child under 6			Youngest household child 6 to 17			Total	Men	Women
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	9.42	9.16	9.70	9.34	9.00	9.71	9.47	9.27	9.68	9.62	9.39	9.90
Sleeping(2)	8.71	8.56	8.87	8.66	8.38	8.98	8.74	8.68	8.79	8.85	8.77	8.95
Eating and drinking	1.15	1.20	1.11	1.16	1.23	1.09	1.15	1.18	1.11	1.15	1.18	1.12
Household activities	1.71	1.37	2.07	1.63	1.40	1.87	1.77	1.35	2.20	1.60	1.31	1.96
Housework	0.56	0.34	0.80	0.53	0.38	0.70	0.59	0.31	0.87	0.47	0.28	0.71
Food preparation and cleanup	0.65	0.45	0.87	0.66	0.52	0.81	0.65	0.41	0.91	0.50	0.39	0.63
Lawn and garden care	0.10	0.14	0.06	0.08	0.11	0.05	0.11	0.15	0.06	0.14	0.17	0.10
Household management	0.11	0.10	0.13	0.11	0.10	0.12	0.12	0.10	0.13	0.11	0.08	0.16
Purchasing goods and services	0.61	0.52	0.71	0.56	0.48	0.64	0.64	0.55	0.75	0.60	0.52	0.71
Consumer goods purchases	0.29	0.24	0.35	0.26	0.23	0.30	0.31	0.25	0.38	0.29	0.24	0.35
Professional and personal care services	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.05	0.03	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.08	0.06	0.04	0.08
Caring for and helping household members	1.32	1.10	1.56	2.11	1.80	2.45	0.81	0.63	0.99	0.03	0.03	0.04
Caring for and helping household children	1.08	0.90	1.26	1.85	1.58	2.15	0.57	0.44	0.70	-	-	-
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.13	0.13	0.14	0.11	0.13	0.10	0.14	0.13	0.16	0.15	0.13	0.17
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.06	0.08	(3)-	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05
Working and work-related activities	5.37	5.84	4.88	5.22	5.96	4.42	5.47	5.76	5.17	5.59	5.95	5.16
Working	4.97	5.37	4.55	4.84	5.45	4.18	5.05	5.32	4.78	5.17	5.48	4.79
Educational activities	0.23	0.13	0.33	0.17	(3)-	(3)-	0.27	(3)-	(3)-	0.19	0.17	0.20
Attending class	0.07	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(4)-	(3)-	0.11	(3)-	(3)-	0.05	0.04	0.06
Homework and research	0.14	0.05	0.22	0.15	(3)-	(3)-	0.13	(3)-	0.19	0.12	0.12	0.12
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.15	0.15	0.14	0.26	0.26	0.25	0.20	0.16	0.24
Religious and spiritual activities	0.09	0.07	0.12	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.10	0.07	0.14	0.10	0.08	0.12
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.09	0.12	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.13	0.17	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.09
Leisure and sports	3.57	4.09	3.02	3.25	3.54	2.93	3.78	4.47	3.08	4.57	4.87	4.20
Socializing and communicating	0.59	0.69	0.49	0.63	0.73	0.52	0.57	0.67	0.47	0.51	0.46	0.57
Watching television	1.64	1.83	1.44	1.50	1.68	1.31	1.73	1.93	1.52	2.35	2.55	2.11
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.26	0.31	0.20	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.27	0.37	0.18	0.29	0.30	0.27
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.05	0.07	0.04	0.07	0.05	0.09	0.13	0.11	0.15
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.20	0.18	0.21	0.25	0.23	(3)-	0.16	0.15	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.17
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness. (3) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (4) Estimate is approximately zero.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.

Table 8C. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of youngest household child and sex, 2023 annual averages, not employed

Activity	Average hours per day spent in primary activities
	Household child under 18									No household children under 18
	Total			Youngest household child under 6			Youngest household child 6 to 17			Total	Men	Women
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	10.43	11.46	10.01	10.02	10.53	9.87	10.73	11.91	10.13	10.27	10.04	10.44
Sleeping(2)	9.68	10.90	9.19	9.32	10.07	9.10	9.95	11.30	9.27	9.49	9.42	9.54
Eating and drinking	1.18	1.01	1.25	1.20	1.17	1.20	1.17	0.94	1.28	1.34	1.40	1.30
Household activities	2.86	1.83	3.27	3.31	2.44	3.56	2.52	1.54	3.01	2.62	2.20	2.92
Housework	1.15	(3)-	1.37	1.50	(3)-	1.64	0.89	(3)-	1.14	0.82	0.38	1.15
Food preparation and cleanup	1.13	0.43	1.41	1.29	(3)-	1.54	1.01	0.43	1.30	0.82	0.55	1.02
Lawn and garden care	0.11	(3)-	0.08	0.11	(3)-	0.04	0.11	(3)-	0.11	0.33	0.48	0.21
Household management	0.12	0.09	0.14	0.16	(3)-	0.14	0.10	(3)-	0.13	0.21	0.20	0.21
Purchasing goods and services	0.88	(3)-	1.01	0.60	(3)-	0.68	1.09	(3)-	1.30	0.79	0.70	0.85
Consumer goods purchases	0.41	0.25	0.48	0.35	(3)-	0.39	0.47	0.29	0.55	0.35	0.30	0.39
Professional and personal care services	0.14	(3)-	(3)-	0.03	(3)-	0.03	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.14	0.11	0.16
Caring for and helping household members	2.22	1.60	2.47	3.34	2.59	3.55	1.39	(3)-	1.53	0.11	0.11	0.11
Caring for and helping household children	1.87	1.36	2.07	2.95	2.23	3.15	1.08	(3)-	1.15	-	-	-
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.05	(3)-	0.05	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.06	(3)-	0.07	0.29	0.25	0.32
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.03	(3)-	0.03	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.10	0.11	0.09
Working and work-related activities(4)	0.22	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.19	(3)-	(3)-	0.10	0.12	0.09
Working(4)	(3)-	(5)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(5)-	(3)-	(5)-	0.01	(5)-	(5)-
Educational activities	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.19	0.18	0.21
Attending class	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.07	(3)-	0.08
Homework and research	0.19	(3)-	0.17	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.23	(3)-	(3)-	0.12	0.11	0.12
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.25	(3)-	0.28	0.27	(3)-	0.35	0.23	(3)-	0.23	0.33	0.26	0.38
Religious and spiritual activities	0.12	(3)-	0.16	0.15	(3)-	0.18	0.11	(3)-	0.14	0.17	0.13	0.20
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.10	(3)-	0.09	0.09	(3)-	0.12	0.10	(3)-	(3)-	0.13	0.11	0.14
Leisure and sports	4.96	6.30	4.43	4.21	5.76	3.77	5.52	6.56	4.99	7.45	8.25	6.87
Socializing and communicating	0.57	0.50	0.60	0.51	(3)-	0.53	0.62	0.52	0.67	0.64	0.58	0.68
Watching television	2.44	3.15	2.15	2.05	3.03	1.78	2.72	3.21	2.47	4.37	4.96	3.95
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.28	(3)-	0.18	(3)-	(3)-	0.19	0.24	(3)-	0.18	0.32	0.40	0.26
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.17	0.09	0.20	0.06	(3)-	0.07	0.24	(3)-	0.31	0.27	0.24	0.30
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.36	0.11	0.45	0.39	(3)-	0.47	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.23	0.26	0.21
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness. (3) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (4) Estimates include a small amount of work time done by persons who do not meet the American Time Use Survey definition for employed. (5) Estimate is approximately zero.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.

Table 9. Time adults spent caring for household children as a primary activity by sex, age, and day of week, 2023 annual averages

Childcare activities	Average hours per day adults spent caring for household children
	Total			Weekdays			Weekends and holidays
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Children under age 18, total
Caring for household children as a primary activity	1.45	1.12	1.73	1.53	1.10	1.91	1.26	1.17	1.33
Physical care	0.45	0.27	0.61	0.47	0.28	0.64	0.40	0.25	0.54
Education-related activities	0.08	0.03	0.12	0.09	0.03	0.15	0.03	0.02	0.04
Reading to/with children	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04
Talking to/with children	0.05	0.02	0.07	0.05	0.02	0.08	0.03	0.02	0.04
Playing/doing hobbies with children	0.29	0.31	0.27	0.24	0.25	0.24	0.40	0.45	0.35
Looking after children	0.08	0.06	0.10	0.09	0.06	0.11	0.07	0.07	0.07
Attending children's events	0.08	0.09	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.12	0.14	0.10
Travel related to care of household children	0.22	0.17	0.26	0.27	0.21	0.33	0.10	0.08	0.11
Other childcare activities	0.17	0.14	0.20	0.21	0.16	0.26	0.07	0.10	0.04
Youngest child ages 6 to 17
Caring for household children as a primary activity	0.86	0.66	1.04	0.97	0.70	1.19	0.63	0.58	0.68
Physical care	0.15	0.08	0.21	0.17	0.09	0.23	0.10	0.05	0.15
Education-related activities	0.08	0.04	0.12	0.10	0.04	0.15	0.04	(1)-	0.06
Reading to/with children	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	(2)-	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.02
Talking to/with children	0.05	0.02	0.09	0.06	0.02	0.10	0.04	0.02	0.06
Playing/doing hobbies with children	0.09	0.11	0.07	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.11	0.14	0.08
Looking after children	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.05	0.08	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.05
Attending children's events	0.10	0.11	0.09	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.16	0.20	0.12
Travel related to care of household children	0.20	0.15	0.24	0.24	0.18	0.30	0.10	0.10	0.10
Other childcare activities	0.14	0.08	0.19	0.18	0.11	0.25	0.03	0.02	0.05
Child under age 6
Caring for household children as a primary activity	2.32	1.83	2.73	2.34	1.67	2.93	2.26	2.24	2.27
Physical care	0.90	0.56	1.19	0.90	0.54	1.23	0.89	0.62	1.10
Education-related activities	0.07	0.02	0.11	0.08	(2)-	0.15	0.02	(1)-	(1)-
Reading to/with children	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.06
Talking to/with children	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.02	0.06	0.03	(1)-	0.03
Playing/doing hobbies with children	0.59	0.62	0.56	0.48	0.46	0.49	0.86	1.01	0.74
Looking after children	0.14	0.07	0.20	0.15	(1)-	(1)-	0.12	0.15	0.09
Attending children's events	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.05	(1)-	(1)-
Travel related to care of household children	0.24	0.19	0.29	0.31	0.24	0.37	0.09	0.06	0.12
Other childcare activities	0.22	0.24	0.21	0.26	(1)-	0.28	0.13	(1)-	0.04
Footnotes (1) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (2) Estimate is approximately zero.
NOTE: Includes persons 18 years and over living in households with children under 18, whether or not they provided childcare.

Table 10. Time adults spent in primary activities while providing childcare as a secondary activity by sex, age, and day of week, 2023 annual averages

Childcare activities(1)	Average hours per day adults spent caring for household children(2)
	Total			Weekdays			Weekends and holidays
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Children under age 13, total
Total	5.12	4.41	5.76	4.13	3.31	4.88	7.45	7.11	7.74
Personal care activities	0.26	0.18	0.33	0.22	0.16	0.28	0.35	0.25	0.44
Household activities	1.28	0.87	1.64	1.03	0.59	1.44	1.87	1.57	2.11
Purchasing goods and services	0.32	0.23	0.39	0.21	0.11	0.30	0.57	0.54	0.60
Working and work-related activities	0.33	0.25	0.40	0.42	0.30	0.54	0.11	0.12	0.11
Eating and drinking	0.67	0.63	0.71	0.53	0.48	0.58	1.00	1.01	0.99
Leisure and sports	1.90	1.93	1.86	1.43	1.47	1.40	2.98	3.06	2.91
Other activities	0.36	0.30	0.41	0.27	0.20	0.33	0.57	0.56	0.58
Youngest child ages 6 to 12
Total	4.97	4.29	5.61	3.97	3.14	4.76	7.26	7.02	7.47
Personal care activities	0.24	0.15	0.33	0.21	0.11	0.30	0.33	0.24	0.41
Household activities	1.13	0.78	1.46	0.84	0.40	1.27	1.79	1.68	1.88
Purchasing goods and services	0.34	0.23	0.44	0.23	0.09	0.37	0.59	0.57	0.61
Working and work-related activities	0.37	0.29	0.44	0.48	0.38	0.57	0.11	0.09	0.14
Eating and drinking	0.62	0.58	0.66	0.50	0.44	0.55	0.89	0.89	0.89
Leisure and sports	1.92	1.99	1.85	1.44	1.54	1.34	3.02	3.06	2.98
Other activities	0.35	0.28	0.42	0.27	0.18	0.35	0.53	0.50	0.56
Child under age 6
Total	5.25	4.51	5.88	4.27	3.46	4.98	7.63	7.19	7.99
Personal care activities	0.28	0.22	0.33	0.24	0.20	0.27	0.37	0.26	0.46
Household activities	1.41	0.96	1.80	1.20	0.76	1.58	1.94	1.47	2.31
Purchasing goods and services	0.30	0.24	0.35	0.19	0.13	0.25	0.56	0.51	0.59
Working and work-related activities	0.30	0.21	0.38	0.38	0.23	0.50	0.11	0.15	0.08
Eating and drinking	0.72	0.68	0.75	0.56	0.51	0.60	1.10	1.12	1.09
Leisure and sports	1.87	1.88	1.87	1.43	1.41	1.45	2.95	3.07	2.86
Other activities	0.37	0.33	0.40	0.27	0.22	0.32	0.61	0.62	0.60
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Secondary childcare is defined as time one has a child under 13 years "in his or her care" while doing something else as a primary activity; information on secondary childcare is not collected for children over 12 years.
NOTE: Includes persons 18 years and over living in households with children under 13 years, whether or not they provided childcare.

Table 11A. Time spent in leisure and sports activities for the civilian population by selected characteristics, averages per day, 2023 annual averages

Characteristic	Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, all days of week
	Total, all leisure and sports activities	Participating in sports, exercise and recreation	Socializing and communicating	Watching TV	Reading	Relaxing/ thinking	Playing games and computer use for leisure	Other leisure and sports activities, including travel(1)
Sex
Men	5.56	0.37	0.55	2.87	0.20	0.45	0.70	0.42
Women	4.76	0.26	0.60	2.47	0.32	0.33	0.43	0.35
Age
Total, 15 years and over	5.15	0.31	0.57	2.67	0.26	0.39	0.56	0.38
15 to 19 years	5.46	0.63	0.62	1.60	0.13	0.43	1.64	0.41
20 to 24 years	5.36	0.38	0.66	2.06	0.20	0.32	1.18	0.56
25 to 34 years	4.29	0.30	0.60	1.97	0.15	0.30	0.62	0.36
35 to 44 years	3.87	0.28	0.59	1.92	0.13	0.27	0.35	0.32
45 to 54 years	4.40	0.23	0.50	2.43	0.19	0.37	0.33	0.34
55 to 64 years	5.18	0.26	0.55	3.05	0.23	0.45	0.29	0.35
65 to 74 years	6.71	0.32	0.59	4.02	0.48	0.49	0.35	0.46
75 years and over	7.57	0.26	0.51	4.64	0.76	0.56	0.48	0.36
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White	5.17	0.33	0.61	2.63	0.29	0.36	0.57	0.40
Black or African American	5.51	0.22	0.48	3.28	0.12	0.61	0.45	0.34
Asian	4.34	0.34	0.41	2.02	0.29	0.35	0.58	0.34
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.42	0.29	0.53	2.16	0.10	0.49	0.49	0.35
Employment status
Employed	4.22	0.28	0.55	2.07	0.17	0.32	0.47	0.37
Full-time workers	3.99	0.27	0.51	2.02	0.16	0.32	0.39	0.32
Part-time workers	5.15	0.32	0.70	2.24	0.22	0.33	0.80	0.54
Not employed	6.86	0.37	0.61	3.77	0.43	0.51	0.74	0.41
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(2)
$0 - $800	4.29	0.14	0.50	2.32	0.13	0.40	0.48	0.32
$801 - $1,200	3.92	0.21	0.59	1.89	0.15	0.33	0.40	0.34
$1,201 - $1,875	4.18	0.32	0.46	2.21	0.17	0.30	0.45	0.28
$1,876 and higher	3.94	0.41	0.57	1.90	0.20	0.20	0.30	0.38
Presence and age of household children
No household children under 18	5.70	0.32	0.56	3.11	0.33	0.40	0.60	0.40
Household children under 18	4.05	0.31	0.60	1.79	0.13	0.37	0.50	0.36
Children 13 to 17 years, none younger	4.85	0.36	0.61	2.03	0.18	0.35	0.91	0.41
Children 6 to 12 years, none younger	3.99	0.32	0.58	1.74	0.15	0.44	0.38	0.38
Youngest child under 6 years	3.55	0.26	0.61	1.66	0.09	0.31	0.32	0.30
Marital status and sex
Married, spouse present	4.78	0.29	0.59	2.59	0.28	0.36	0.32	0.36
Men	5.16	0.33	0.57	2.85	0.24	0.42	0.35	0.39
Women	4.41	0.25	0.61	2.33	0.32	0.29	0.28	0.32
Other marital statuses	5.53	0.34	0.56	2.74	0.24	0.42	0.82	0.41
Men	5.99	0.42	0.52	2.88	0.16	0.48	1.07	0.45
Women	5.10	0.26	0.59	2.61	0.32	0.36	0.58	0.38
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	5.71	0.14	0.52	3.55	0.06	0.90	0.26	0.27
High school graduates, no college	5.54	0.19	0.55	3.39	0.22	0.49	0.40	0.31
Some college or associate degree	5.10	0.23	0.52	2.93	0.25	0.38	0.43	0.36
Bachelor's degree and higher	4.69	0.39	0.59	2.26	0.38	0.24	0.42	0.42
Bachelor's degree only	4.78	0.40	0.60	2.35	0.33	0.25	0.46	0.39
Advanced degree	4.57	0.38	0.58	2.13	0.45	0.22	0.35	0.46
Footnotes (1) Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities. (2) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.

Table 11B. Time spent in leisure and sports activities for the civilian population by selected characteristics, averages per day on weekdays and weekends, 2023 annual averages

Characteristic	Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, weekdays and weekends
	Total, all leisure and sports activities		Participating in sports, exercise and recreation		Socializing and communicating		Watching TV		Reading		Relaxing/ thinking		Playing games and computer use for leisure		Other leisure and sports activities, including travel(1)
	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days
Sex
Men	4.97	6.95	0.34	0.44	0.40	0.88	2.57	3.56	0.19	0.23	0.49	0.37	0.61	0.90	0.36	0.56
Women	4.24	5.94	0.25	0.27	0.44	0.94	2.21	3.09	0.31	0.33	0.31	0.38	0.43	0.44	0.29	0.48
Age
Total, 15 years and over	4.60	6.43	0.30	0.35	0.42	0.91	2.38	3.32	0.25	0.28	0.39	0.38	0.52	0.67	0.32	0.52
15 to 19 years	5.17	6.18	0.67	0.53	0.43	1.07	1.46	1.93	0.14	0.12	0.46	(2)-	1.62	1.68	0.38	0.50
20 to 24 years	4.92	6.32	0.36	0.42	0.41	1.22	2.01	2.16	0.13	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	1.18	1.18	0.53	0.62
25 to 34 years	3.59	5.91	0.30	0.29	0.44	0.95	1.63	2.74	0.13	0.18	0.32	0.24	0.48	0.95	0.27	0.55
35 to 44 years	3.16	5.55	0.21	0.45	0.42	0.99	1.63	2.60	0.13	0.13	0.21	0.42	0.30	0.45	0.25	0.50
45 to 54 years	3.57	6.30	0.23	0.26	0.34	0.86	1.86	3.72	0.18	0.21	0.39	0.33	0.27	0.46	0.29	0.46
55 to 64 years	4.64	6.40	0.20	0.40	0.43	0.81	2.72	3.78	0.20	0.29	0.50	0.35	0.28	0.31	0.30	0.47
65 to 74 years	6.33	7.58	0.34	0.29	0.49	0.82	3.82	4.48	0.49	0.47	0.48	0.50	0.33	0.40	0.39	0.61
75 years and over	7.43	7.90	0.28	0.22	0.43	0.71	4.56	4.83	0.79	0.69	0.59	0.49	0.46	0.52	0.33	0.44
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White	4.57	6.50	0.31	0.36	0.46	0.95	2.32	3.32	0.27	0.31	0.35	0.37	0.52	0.67	0.33	0.54
Black or African American	5.08	6.49	0.20	0.28	0.37	0.72	3.03	3.85	0.11	0.15	0.66	0.50	0.38	0.62	0.33	0.36
Asian	3.90	5.47	0.32	0.40	0.23	0.87	1.84	2.49	(2)-	0.32	(2)-	0.29	0.56	0.62	0.28	0.49
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	3.90	5.62	0.29	0.29	0.38	0.88	1.85	2.90	0.10	0.11	0.52	0.41	0.44	0.60	0.32	0.43
Employment status
Employed	3.51	5.89	0.26	0.34	0.37	0.97	1.72	2.87	0.15	0.20	0.32	0.33	0.38	0.68	0.30	0.51
Full-time workers	3.23	5.84	0.24	0.35	0.34	0.93	1.65	2.94	0.13	0.20	0.31	0.33	0.30	0.61	0.26	0.48
Part-time workers	4.68	6.09	0.32	0.33	0.48	1.14	2.06	2.59	0.24	0.18	0.34	0.31	0.74	0.92	0.50	0.62
Not employed	6.63	7.38	0.37	0.37	0.53	0.81	3.61	4.13	0.43	0.44	0.54	0.46	0.78	0.65	0.37	0.52
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(3)
$0 - $800	3.66	5.78	0.13	0.14	0.33	0.90	1.99	3.10	0.11	0.19	0.47	0.25	0.37	0.75	0.26	0.46
$801 - $1,200	3.18	5.82	0.18	0.28	0.45	0.96	1.52	2.85	0.15	0.16	0.30	0.39	0.27	0.74	0.31	0.44
$1,201 - $1,875	3.26	6.31	0.27	0.43	0.23	0.98	1.78	3.20	0.14	0.25	0.27	0.36	0.36	0.66	0.21	0.43
$1,876 and higher	2.99	6.04	0.32	0.60	0.37	1.00	1.47	2.83	0.15	0.28	0.17	0.26	0.22	0.47	0.28	0.60
Presence and age of household children
No household children under 18	5.16	6.98	0.30	0.34	0.43	0.85	2.81	3.81	0.32	0.35	0.39	0.41	0.55	0.70	0.34	0.52
Household children under 18	3.47	5.36	0.29	0.36	0.41	1.03	1.52	2.38	0.12	0.17	0.39	0.31	0.46	0.60	0.29	0.51
Children 13 to 17 years, none younger	4.21	6.11	0.39	0.31	0.36	1.11	1.74	2.58	0.13	0.28	0.31	0.43	0.88	0.97	0.40	0.44
Children 6 to 12 years, none younger	3.40	5.32	0.28	0.42	0.44	0.90	1.41	2.48	0.14	0.16	0.52	0.26	0.35	0.45	0.26	0.64
Youngest child under 6 years	3.03	4.78	0.22	0.36	0.40	1.09	1.47	2.11	0.09	0.08	0.34	0.25	0.27	0.44	0.24	0.44
Marital status and sex
Married, spouse present	4.19	6.12	0.26	0.37	0.43	0.96	2.30	3.26	0.28	0.29	0.38	0.30	0.26	0.43	0.29	0.52
Men	4.54	6.50	0.27	0.45	0.42	0.90	2.54	3.54	0.24	0.26	0.48	0.30	0.27	0.52	0.33	0.52
Women	3.86	5.71	0.25	0.27	0.44	1.01	2.07	2.95	0.31	0.32	0.29	0.29	0.26	0.35	0.24	0.51
Other marital statuses	5.00	6.75	0.34	0.34	0.42	0.87	2.46	3.38	0.23	0.28	0.41	0.45	0.78	0.90	0.36	0.52
Men	5.40	7.45	0.42	0.42	0.39	0.86	2.60	3.59	0.14	0.21	0.50	0.44	0.96	1.34	0.39	0.59
Women	4.62	6.15	0.26	0.27	0.45	0.88	2.34	3.21	0.31	0.34	0.32	0.46	0.60	0.53	0.34	0.45
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	5.28	6.71	0.14	0.16	0.42	0.77	3.25	4.23	0.05	0.08	0.96	0.77	0.22	0.37	0.24	0.33
High school graduates, no college	5.03	6.68	0.17	0.22	0.46	0.77	3.04	4.17	0.24	0.16	0.51	0.44	0.36	0.49	0.25	0.44
Some college or associate degree	4.50	6.57	0.21	0.27	0.39	0.85	2.58	3.78	0.24	0.28	0.41	0.32	0.35	0.61	0.33	0.45
Bachelor's degree and higher	4.02	6.22	0.36	0.46	0.42	0.97	1.98	2.91	0.35	0.43	0.21	0.29	0.37	0.53	0.33	0.61
Bachelor's degree only	4.18	6.15	0.37	0.47	0.45	0.94	2.07	3.01	0.33	0.35	0.24	0.26	0.41	0.56	0.32	0.57
Advanced degree	3.79	6.31	0.35	0.46	0.39	1.02	1.84	2.76	0.39	0.57	0.17	0.33	0.29	0.49	0.35	0.69
Footnotes (1) Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities. (2) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (3) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.

Table 12. Average hours per day spent in primary activities for the civilian population, 2023 quarterly and annual averages [Not seasonally adjusted]

Activity	2023
	Quarterly averages				Annual average
	I	II	III	IV
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	9.85	9.78	9.83	9.89	9.84
Sleeping(2)	9.08	9.01	9.05	9.14	9.07
Eating and drinking	1.17	1.21	1.25	1.18	1.20
Household activities	1.81	1.87	2.03	1.95	1.92
Housework	0.58	0.57	0.64	0.64	0.61
Food preparation and cleanup	0.66	0.61	0.62	0.69	0.65
Lawn and garden care	0.07	0.26	0.23	0.10	0.17
Household management	0.14	0.11	0.14	0.14	0.13
Purchasing goods and services	0.65	0.67	0.63	0.68	0.66
Consumer goods purchases	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.34	0.31
Professional and personal care services	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.09	0.08
Caring for and helping household members	0.51	0.49	0.45	0.55	0.50
Caring for and helping household children	0.40	0.38	0.34	0.40	0.38
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.15	0.20	0.18	0.15	0.17
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.04	0.09	0.06	0.06	0.06
Working and work-related activities	3.61	3.79	3.48	3.37	3.56
Working	3.30	3.51	3.17	3.06	3.26
Educational activities	0.49	0.33	0.29	0.47	0.39
Attending class	0.30	0.16	0.12	0.26	0.21
Homework and research	0.16	0.16	0.13	0.18	0.16
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.26	0.23	0.26	0.21	0.24
Religious and spiritual activities	0.11	0.11	0.13	0.10	0.11
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.13	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.10
Leisure and sports	5.13	5.08	5.25	5.15	5.15
Socializing and communicating	0.53	0.58	0.61	0.56	0.57
Watching television	2.70	2.57	2.58	2.82	2.67
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.30	0.34	0.37	0.24	0.31
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.16
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.21	0.18	0.21	0.23	0.21
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.
NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.