Table 3. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, seasonally adjusted
Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses
(in thousands) as a percent of employment
Category 3 months ended 3 months ended
Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec.
2022 2023 2023 2023 2023 2022 2023 2023 2023 2023
Total private(1)
Gross job gains 8,108 8,041 8,120 7,559 7,823 6.3 6.2 6.2 5.8 5.9
At expanding establishments 6,447 6,515 6,511 6,001 6,202 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.6 4.7
At opening establishments 1,661 1,526 1,609 1,558 1,621 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
Gross job losses 7,630 7,065 7,788 7,751 7,479 5.9 5.4 5.9 5.9 5.6
At contracting establishments 6,113 5,646 6,296 6,174 5,972 4.7 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.5
At closing establishments 1,517 1,419 1,492 1,577 1,507 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1
Net employment change 478 976 332 -192 344 0.4 0.8 0.3 -0.1 0.3
Goods-producing
Gross job gains 1,341 1,343 1,350 1,214 1,291 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.4 5.7
At expanding establishments 1,124 1,139 1,147 1,015 1,082 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.8
At opening establishments 217 204 203 199 209 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Gross job losses 1,288 1,211 1,318 1,312 1,295 5.8 5.3 5.8 5.8 5.7
At contracting establishments 1,073 1,007 1,095 1,085 1,085 4.8 4.4 4.8 4.8 4.8
At closing establishments 215 204 223 227 210 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9
Net employment change 53 132 32 -98 -4 0.2 0.6 0.1 -0.4 0.0
Natural resources and mining
Gross job gains 204 218 247 221 203 11.1 11.9 13.5 12.1 11.0
At expanding establishments 176 192 217 192 174 9.6 10.5 11.9 10.5 9.4
At opening establishments 28 26 30 29 29 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6
Gross job losses 240 229 204 220 241 13.2 12.5 11.2 12.0 13.1
At contracting establishments 215 198 175 189 214 11.8 10.8 9.6 10.3 11.6
At closing establishments 25 31 29 31 27 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5
Net employment change -36 -11 43 1 -38 -2.1 -0.6 2.3 0.1 -2.1
Construction
Gross job gains 667 706 666 607 678 8.6 8.9 8.4 7.7 8.5
At expanding establishments 529 571 541 483 545 6.8 7.2 6.8 6.1 6.8
At opening establishments 138 135 125 124 133 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7
Gross job losses 630 580 663 642 619 8.1 7.4 8.4 8.1 7.8
At contracting establishments 495 457 522 504 491 6.4 5.8 6.6 6.4 6.2
At closing establishments 135 123 141 138 128 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6
Net employment change 37 126 3 -35 59 0.5 1.5 0.0 -0.4 0.7
Manufacturing
Gross job gains 470 419 437 386 410 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.2
At expanding establishments 419 376 389 340 363 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.8
At opening establishments 51 43 48 46 47 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4
Gross job losses 418 402 451 450 435 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.4
At contracting establishments 363 352 398 392 380 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.0
At closing establishments 55 50 53 58 55 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4
Net employment change 52 17 -14 -64 -25 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.2
Service-providing(1)
Gross job gains 6,767 6,698 6,770 6,345 6,532 6.3 6.2 6.2 5.9 6.0
At expanding establishments 5,323 5,376 5,364 4,986 5,120 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.7
At opening establishments 1,444 1,322 1,406 1,359 1,412 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3
Gross job losses 6,342 5,854 6,470 6,439 6,184 5.9 5.4 6.0 5.9 5.7
At contracting establishments 5,040 4,639 5,201 5,089 4,887 4.7 4.3 4.8 4.7 4.5
At closing establishments 1,302 1,215 1,269 1,350 1,297 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2
Net employment change 425 844 300 -94 348 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.3
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains 293 280 280 259 271 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.4
At expanding establishments 239 234 231 210 220 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.6
At opening establishments 54 46 49 49 51 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Gross job losses 253 250 261 259 254 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.1
At contracting establishments 195 191 204 199 197 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2
At closing establishments 58 59 57 60 57 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9
Net employment change 40 30 19 0 17 0.7 0.6 0.4 -0.1 0.3
Retail trade
Gross job gains 804 880 859 822 756 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.2 4.9
At expanding establishments 687 771 739 709 640 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.1
At opening establishments 117 109 120 113 116 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8
Gross job losses 903 729 898 903 867 5.8 4.8 5.7 5.7 5.6
At contracting establishments 789 628 785 771 746 5.1 4.1 5.0 4.9 4.8
At closing establishments 114 101 113 132 121 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8
Net employment change -99 151 -39 -81 -111 -0.5 0.9 -0.2 -0.5 -0.7
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains 473 307 324 330 513 7.3 4.7 5.0 5.2 7.9
At expanding establishments 409 261 277 286 457 6.3 4.0 4.3 4.5 7.0
At opening establishments 64 46 47 44 56 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9
Gross job losses 332 440 377 340 288 5.1 6.7 5.9 5.3 4.4
At contracting establishments 277 393 324 290 237 4.3 6.0 5.1 4.5 3.6
At closing establishments 55 47 53 50 51 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8
Net employment change 141 -133 -53 -10 225 2.2 -2.0 -0.9 -0.1 3.5
Utilities
Gross job gains 18 16 21 18 19 3.3 2.9 3.6 3.1 3.3
At expanding establishments 16 14 19 16 16 2.9 2.5 3.3 2.8 2.8
At opening establishments 2 2 2 2 3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5
Gross job losses 14 11 15 13 15 2.5 2.0 2.6 2.2 2.6
At contracting establishments 11 9 13 11 12 2.0 1.6 2.3 1.9 2.1
At closing establishments 3 2 2 2 3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5
Net employment change 4 5 6 5 4 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7
Information
Gross job gains 166 139 146 130 154 5.4 4.6 4.8 4.4 5.3
At expanding establishments 127 112 115 94 120 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.2 4.1
At opening establishments 39 27 31 36 34 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2
Gross job losses 190 179 216 197 159 6.2 5.8 7.2 6.7 5.5
At contracting establishments 151 147 180 158 127 4.9 4.8 6.0 5.4 4.4
At closing establishments 39 32 36 39 32 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1
Net employment change -24 -40 -70 -67 -5 -0.8 -1.2 -2.4 -2.3 -0.2
Financial activities
Gross job gains 451 410 448 386 392 5.2 4.8 5.2 4.5 4.5
At expanding establishments 341 325 355 294 290 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.4 3.3
At opening establishments 110 85 93 92 102 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2
Gross job losses 473 401 413 415 423 5.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9
At contracting establishments 363 297 308 311 320 4.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7
At closing establishments 110 104 105 104 103 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
Net employment change -22 9 35 -29 -31 -0.3 0.2 0.5 -0.3 -0.4
Professional and business services
Gross job gains 1,520 1,475 1,497 1,401 1,387 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.2 6.2
At expanding establishments 1,173 1,184 1,181 1,092 1,075 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.8
At opening establishments 347 291 316 309 312 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
Gross job losses 1,601 1,422 1,578 1,544 1,544 7.0 6.3 7.0 6.8 6.9
At contracting establishments 1,252 1,112 1,263 1,196 1,213 5.5 4.9 5.6 5.3 5.4
At closing establishments 349 310 315 348 331 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5
Net employment change -81 53 -81 -143 -157 -0.3 0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.7
Education and health services
Gross job gains 1,162 1,225 1,275 1,232 1,167 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.0 4.7
At expanding establishments 920 1,013 1,042 1,004 926 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.7
At opening establishments 242 212 233 228 241 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0
Gross job losses 1,012 908 989 985 1,033 4.3 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.2
At contracting establishments 770 690 773 744 763 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.1
At closing establishments 242 218 216 241 270 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1
Net employment change 150 317 286 247 134 0.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.5
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains 1,459 1,464 1,423 1,330 1,427 9.1 9.0 8.6 8.1 8.6
At expanding establishments 1,149 1,178 1,126 1,028 1,116 7.2 7.2 6.8 6.3 6.7
At opening establishments 310 286 297 302 311 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9
Gross job losses 1,224 1,182 1,375 1,436 1,271 7.6 7.2 8.4 8.7 7.7
At contracting establishments 996 948 1,113 1,167 1,041 6.2 5.8 6.8 7.1 6.3
At closing establishments 228 234 262 269 230 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4
Net employment change 235 282 48 -106 156 1.5 1.8 0.2 -0.6 0.9
Other services
Gross job gains 322 327 330 306 312 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.0 7.1
At expanding establishments 246 258 255 233 241 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.3 5.5
At opening establishments 76 69 75 73 71 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6
Gross job losses 298 284 299 304 289 7.0 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.6
At contracting establishments 223 209 224 227 218 5.2 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.0
At closing establishments 75 75 75 77 71 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6
Net employment change 24 43 31 2 23 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.0 0.5
(1) Includes unclassified sector, not shown separately.
United States Department of Labor
