Table 3. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, seasonally adjusted
Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses
(in thousands) as a percent of employment
Category 3 months ended 3 months ended
Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept.
2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024
Total private(1)
Gross job gains 7,700 7,902 7,608 7,591 7,622 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.8
At expanding establishments 6,116 6,262 6,131 6,040 6,071 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6
At opening establishments 1,584 1,640 1,477 1,551 1,551 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2
Gross job losses 7,758 7,499 7,115 7,754 7,623 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.9 5.8
At contracting establishments 6,237 5,995 5,714 6,162 6,052 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.7 4.6
At closing establishments 1,521 1,504 1,401 1,592 1,571 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2
Net employment change -58 403 493 -163 -1 -0.1 0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.0
Goods-producing
Gross job gains 1,255 1,319 1,357 1,248 1,216 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.4 5.4
At expanding establishments 1,044 1,097 1,161 1,055 1,012 4.6 4.8 5.1 4.6 4.5
At opening establishments 211 222 196 193 204 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9
Gross job losses 1,324 1,300 1,226 1,332 1,309 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.8 5.8
At contracting establishments 1,106 1,091 1,021 1,101 1,082 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.8
At closing establishments 218 209 205 231 227 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0
Net employment change -69 19 131 -84 -93 -0.4 0.1 0.6 -0.4 -0.4
Natural resources and mining
Gross job gains 223 207 230 217 222 12.1 11.2 12.3 11.8 12.2
At expanding establishments 193 175 205 190 191 10.5 9.5 11.0 10.3 10.5
At opening establishments 30 32 25 27 31 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.7
Gross job losses 219 242 223 208 203 11.9 13.1 12.0 11.3 11.2
At contracting establishments 191 214 195 180 176 10.4 11.6 10.5 9.8 9.7
At closing establishments 28 28 28 28 27 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Net employment change 4 -35 7 9 19 0.2 -1.9 0.3 0.5 1.0
Construction
Gross job gains 634 695 720 634 627 8.0 8.7 8.9 7.8 7.8
At expanding establishments 501 553 593 514 500 6.3 6.9 7.3 6.3 6.2
At opening establishments 133 142 127 120 127 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6
Gross job losses 645 621 596 692 655 8.2 7.8 7.3 8.5 8.2
At contracting establishments 511 494 470 546 513 6.5 6.2 5.8 6.7 6.4
At closing establishments 134 127 126 146 142 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8
Net employment change -11 74 124 -58 -28 -0.2 0.9 1.6 -0.7 -0.4
Manufacturing
Gross job gains 398 417 407 397 367 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9
At expanding establishments 350 369 363 351 321 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5
At opening establishments 48 48 44 46 46 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
Gross job losses 460 437 407 432 451 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.6
At contracting establishments 404 383 356 375 393 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.1
At closing establishments 56 54 51 57 58 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5
Net employment change -62 -20 0 -35 -84 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.7
Service-providing(1)
Gross job gains 6,445 6,583 6,251 6,343 6,406 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.8
At expanding establishments 5,072 5,165 4,970 4,985 5,059 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.6
At opening establishments 1,373 1,418 1,281 1,358 1,347 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2
Gross job losses 6,434 6,199 5,889 6,422 6,314 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.8 5.7
At contracting establishments 5,131 4,904 4,693 5,061 4,970 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.5
At closing establishments 1,303 1,295 1,196 1,361 1,344 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2
Net employment change 11 384 362 -79 92 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains 266 276 261 257 255 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.2
At expanding establishments 215 222 214 208 207 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4
At opening establishments 51 54 47 49 48 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8
Gross job losses 260 255 253 269 266 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.3
At contracting establishments 202 198 196 208 203 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3
At closing establishments 58 57 57 61 63 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0
Net employment change 6 21 8 -12 -11 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.1
Retail trade
Gross job gains 841 762 826 803 814 5.4 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.2
At expanding establishments 721 642 716 689 701 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.5
At opening establishments 120 120 110 114 113 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7
Gross job losses 906 873 725 874 858 5.8 5.7 4.7 5.6 5.5
At contracting establishments 777 753 615 746 743 5.0 4.9 4.0 4.8 4.8
At closing establishments 129 120 110 128 115 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7
Net employment change -65 -111 101 -71 -44 -0.4 -0.7 0.6 -0.5 -0.3
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains 345 504 272 294 351 5.3 7.7 4.1 4.6 5.4
At expanding establishments 291 449 232 249 299 4.5 6.9 3.5 3.9 4.6
At opening establishments 54 55 40 45 52 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8
Gross job losses 344 292 452 338 297 5.4 4.5 6.9 5.3 4.6
At contracting establishments 293 241 406 287 244 4.6 3.7 6.2 4.5 3.8
At closing establishments 51 51 46 51 53 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8
Net employment change 1 212 -180 -44 54 -0.1 3.2 -2.8 -0.7 0.8
Utilities
Gross job gains 19 19 15 16 15 3.2 3.3 2.5 2.7 2.5
At expanding establishments 17 16 13 13 13 2.9 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.2
At opening establishments 2 3 2 3 2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3
Gross job losses 13 15 13 16 14 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.7 2.3
At contracting establishments 11 12 11 14 12 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.0
At closing establishments 2 3 2 2 2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3
Net employment change 6 4 2 0 1 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.2
Information
Gross job gains 134 157 146 130 141 4.6 5.4 5.0 4.5 4.9
At expanding establishments 97 122 120 101 109 3.3 4.2 4.1 3.5 3.8
At opening establishments 37 35 26 29 32 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.1
Gross job losses 197 160 139 175 153 6.7 5.5 4.8 6.0 5.3
At contracting establishments 158 127 111 136 118 5.4 4.4 3.8 4.7 4.1
At closing establishments 39 33 28 39 35 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2
Net employment change -63 -3 7 -45 -12 -2.1 -0.1 0.2 -1.5 -0.4
Financial activities
Gross job gains 395 399 363 396 392 4.5 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.5
At expanding establishments 298 291 284 304 302 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.5
At opening establishments 97 108 79 92 90 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.0
Gross job losses 420 425 383 387 402 4.8 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.7
At contracting establishments 314 323 286 278 301 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.5
At closing establishments 106 102 97 109 101 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2
Net employment change -25 -26 -20 9 -10 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.2
Professional and business services
Gross job gains 1,445 1,426 1,364 1,437 1,449 6.3 6.4 6.0 6.4 6.5
At expanding establishments 1,120 1,098 1,087 1,120 1,138 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.1
At opening establishments 325 328 277 317 311 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4
Gross job losses 1,546 1,550 1,351 1,523 1,491 6.8 6.9 6.0 6.8 6.7
At contracting establishments 1,209 1,216 1,050 1,193 1,138 5.3 5.4 4.7 5.3 5.1
At closing establishments 337 334 301 330 353 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6
Net employment change -101 -124 13 -86 -42 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.4 -0.2
Education and health services
Gross job gains 1,246 1,184 1,196 1,221 1,237 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9
At expanding establishments 1,010 937 975 973 1,008 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0
At opening establishments 236 247 221 248 229 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9
Gross job losses 971 1,024 921 1,073 1,005 3.9 4.2 3.6 4.2 3.9
At contracting establishments 747 758 709 815 770 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.2 3.0
At closing establishments 224 266 212 258 235 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9
Net employment change 275 160 275 148 232 1.2 0.6 1.2 0.7 1.0
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains 1,363 1,460 1,360 1,368 1,332 8.3 8.8 8.1 8.2 8.0
At expanding establishments 1,052 1,131 1,067 1,065 1,020 6.4 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.1
At opening establishments 311 329 293 303 312 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9
Gross job losses 1,436 1,278 1,315 1,421 1,482 8.8 7.7 7.8 8.5 8.9
At contracting establishments 1,179 1,047 1,073 1,141 1,197 7.2 6.3 6.4 6.8 7.2
At closing establishments 257 231 242 280 285 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7
Net employment change -73 182 45 -53 -150 -0.5 1.1 0.3 -0.3 -0.9
Other services
Gross job gains 315 320 312 323 314 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.3 7.0
At expanding establishments 238 244 244 248 246 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.5
At opening establishments 77 76 68 75 68 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.5
Gross job losses 303 290 298 313 313 6.9 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.1
At contracting establishments 229 219 225 233 235 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3
At closing establishments 74 71 73 80 78 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8
Net employment change 12 30 14 10 1 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.3 -0.1
(1) Includes unclassified sector, not shown separately.
United States Department of Labor
