Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted
Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses
(in thousands) as a percent of employment
Category 3 months ended 3 months ended
June Sept. Dec. Mar. June June Sept. Dec. Mar. June
2021 2021 2021 2022 2022 2021 2021 2021 2022 2022
Total private by firm(1)
Gross job gains 6,650 7,159 7,650 6,958 6,511 5.5 5.9 6.1 5.5 5.1
At expanding firms 5,677 6,107 6,468 5,987 5,498 4.7 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.3
At opening firms 973 1,052 1,182 971 1,013 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8
Gross job losses 5,676 5,719 4,906 5,312 6,941 4.7 4.7 4.0 4.2 5.4
At contracting firms 4,846 4,760 4,050 4,323 5,661 4.0 3.9 3.3 3.4 4.4
At closing firms 830 959 856 989 1,280 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.0
Net employment change 974 1,440 2,744 1,646 -430 0.8 1.2 2.1 1.3 -0.3
Firm size 1 to 49 employees
Gross job gains 3,522 3,530 3,767 3,348 3,281 10.3 10.2 10.8 9.6 9.3
At expanding firms 2,580 2,513 2,627 2,414 2,315 7.5 7.3 7.5 6.9 6.6
At opening firms 942 1,017 1,140 934 966 2.8 2.9 3.3 2.7 2.7
Gross job losses 2,803 3,130 2,853 3,057 3,510 8.2 9.1 8.2 8.7 10.0
At contracting firms 1,999 2,200 2,029 2,107 2,292 5.8 6.4 5.8 6.0 6.5
At closing firms 804 930 824 950 1,218 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.7 3.5
Net employment change 719 400 914 291 -229 2.1 1.1 2.6 0.9 -0.7
Firm size 50 to 249 employees
Gross job gains 1,143 1,195 1,304 1,162 1,151 5.4 5.6 6.0 5.2 5.2
At expanding firms 1,115 1,166 1,268 1,131 1,109 5.3 5.5 5.8 5.1 5.0
At opening firms 28 29 36 31 42 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2
Gross job losses 930 940 838 895 1,112 4.4 4.4 3.8 4.1 5.0
At contracting firms 908 915 812 861 1,060 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.9 4.8
At closing firms 22 25 26 34 52 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
Net employment change 213 255 466 267 39 1.0 1.2 2.2 1.1 0.2
Firm size 250 or more employees
Gross job gains 1,985 2,434 2,579 2,448 2,079 3.0 3.6 3.8 3.5 2.9
At expanding firms 1,982 2,428 2,573 2,442 2,074 3.0 3.6 3.8 3.5 2.9
At opening firms 3 6 6 6 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gross job losses 1,943 1,649 1,215 1,360 2,319 2.9 2.5 1.8 1.9 3.3
At contracting firms 1,939 1,645 1,209 1,355 2,309 2.9 2.5 1.8 1.9 3.3
At closing firms 4 4 6 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net employment change 42 785 1,364 1,088 -240 0.1 1.1 2.0 1.6 -0.4
(1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by
establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.
NOTE: Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Net change totals for
the firm-level data differ from the establishment-level data due to independent seasonal adjustment. The unit of
analysis section in the technical note provides additional detail. See www.bls.gov/bdm/bdmfirmsize.htm for more
detailed firm size class data.
United States Department of Labor
