Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted
Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses
(in thousands) as a percent of employment
Category 3 months ended 3 months ended
Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar.
2025 2025 2025 2025 2026 2025 2025 2025 2025 2026
Total private by firm(1)
Gross job gains 6,016 5,948 5,932 6,080 5,784 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.3
At expanding firms 4,978 5,008 4,893 4,984 4,856 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6
At opening firms 1,038 940 1,039 1,096 928 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7
Gross job losses 5,639 6,292 6,095 5,588 5,601 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.2
At contracting firms 4,680 5,286 5,139 4,678 4,635 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.5
At closing firms 959 1,006 956 910 966 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7
Net employment change 377 -344 -163 492 183 0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.1
Firm size 1 to 49 employees
Gross job gains 3,178 3,042 3,059 3,172 2,970 8.9 8.6 8.7 9.0 8.4
At expanding firms 2,178 2,143 2,073 2,118 2,076 6.1 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.9
At opening firms 1,000 899 986 1,054 894 2.8 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.5
Gross job losses 3,049 3,226 3,164 2,941 3,037 8.6 9.1 9.0 8.4 8.6
At contracting firms 2,122 2,259 2,245 2,070 2,100 6.0 6.4 6.4 5.9 5.9
At closing firms 927 967 919 871 937 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.7
Net employment change 129 -184 -105 231 -67 0.3 -0.5 -0.3 0.6 -0.2
Firm size 50 to 249 employees
Gross job gains 1,007 1,085 1,006 1,089 981 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.8 4.2
At expanding firms 974 1,048 971 1,053 950 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.1
At opening firms 33 37 35 36 31 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
Gross job losses 1,019 1,052 1,074 954 986 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.3
At contracting firms 990 1,018 1,042 920 960 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.0 4.2
At closing firms 29 34 32 34 26 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Net employment change -12 33 -68 135 -5 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.7 -0.1
Firm size 250 or more employees
Gross job gains 1,831 1,821 1,867 1,819 1,833 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4
At expanding firms 1,826 1,817 1,849 1,813 1,830 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4
At opening firms 5 4 18 6 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gross job losses 1,571 2,014 1,857 1,693 1,578 2.1 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1
At contracting firms 1,568 2,009 1,852 1,688 1,575 2.1 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1
At closing firms 3 5 5 5 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net employment change 260 -193 10 126 255 0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.1 0.3
(1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by
establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.
NOTE: Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Net change totals for
the firm-level data differ from the establishment-level data due to independent seasonal adjustment. The unit of
analysis section in the technical note provides additional detail. See www.bls.gov/bdm/bdmfirmsize.htm for more
detailed firm size class data.
United States Department of Labor
