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Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses (in thousands) as a percent of employment Category 3 months ended 3 months ended June Sept. Dec. Mar. June June Sept. Dec. Mar. June 2022 2022 2022 2023 2023 2022 2022 2022 2023 2023 Total private by firm(1) Gross job gains 6,604 7,105 6,291 6,556 6,450 5.1 5.5 4.8 5.1 5.0 At expanding firms 5,558 6,108 5,229 5,556 5,455 4.3 4.7 4.0 4.3 4.2 At opening firms 1,046 997 1,062 1,000 995 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Gross job losses 6,275 5,736 5,831 5,452 6,167 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.7 At contracting firms 5,340 4,722 4,880 4,473 5,157 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.9 At closing firms 935 1,014 951 979 1,010 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 Net employment change 329 1,369 460 1,104 283 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.9 0.3 Firm size 1 to 49 employees Gross job gains 3,353 3,321 3,305 3,333 3,237 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.1 At expanding firms 2,348 2,363 2,278 2,366 2,280 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.4 At opening firms 1,005 958 1,027 967 957 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.7 Gross job losses 3,179 3,250 3,099 3,016 3,237 9.0 9.2 8.8 8.5 9.1 At contracting firms 2,277 2,272 2,181 2,066 2,270 6.4 6.4 6.2 5.8 6.4 At closing firms 902 978 918 950 967 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 Net employment change 174 71 206 317 0 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.0 Firm size 50 to 249 employees Gross job gains 1,157 1,230 1,128 1,184 1,170 5.2 5.6 5.0 5.2 5.2 At expanding firms 1,120 1,195 1,095 1,153 1,134 5.0 5.4 4.9 5.1 5.0 At opening firms 37 35 33 31 36 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 Gross job losses 1,013 982 971 909 1,037 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.5 At contracting firms 984 949 941 884 1,003 4.4 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.4 At closing firms 29 33 30 25 34 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Net employment change 144 248 157 275 133 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 Firm size 250 or more employees Gross job gains 2,094 2,554 1,858 2,039 2,043 3.0 3.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 At expanding firms 2,090 2,550 1,856 2,037 2,041 3.0 3.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 At opening firms 4 4 2 2 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gross job losses 2,083 1,504 1,761 1,527 1,893 3.0 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.6 At contracting firms 2,079 1,501 1,758 1,523 1,884 3.0 2.1 2.5 2.1 2.6 At closing firms 4 3 3 4 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Net employment change 11 1,050 97 512 150 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.7 0.2 (1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process. NOTE: Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Net change totals for the firm-level data differ from the establishment-level data due to independent seasonal adjustment. The unit of analysis section in the technical note provides additional detail. See www.bls.gov/bdm/bdmfirmsize.htm for more detailed firm size class data.