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Economic News Release
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Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted

Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted

                                   Gross job gains and job losses              Gross job gains and job losses
                                          (in thousands)                         as a percent of employment

    Category                              3 months ended                               3 months ended

                                   Sept.    Dec.     Mar.     June     Sept.   Sept.   Dec.    Mar.    June    Sept.
                                   2023     2023     2024     2024     2024    2023    2023    2024    2024    2024
Total private by firm(1)

Gross job gains                   6,037    6,143    6,106    5,953    6,034     4.6     4.7     4.6     4.5     4.5
 At expanding firms               5,016    5,074    5,154    5,006    5,048     3.8     3.9     3.9     3.8     3.8
 At opening firms                 1,021    1,069      952      947      986     0.8     0.8     0.7     0.7     0.7
 
Gross job losses                  6,143    5,802    5,524    6,180    6,054     4.6     4.4     4.2     4.6     4.6
 At contracting firms             5,160    4,875    4,559    5,092    5,008     3.9     3.7     3.5     3.8     3.8
 At closing firms                   983      927      965    1,088    1,046     0.7     0.7     0.7     0.8     0.8
 
Net employment change              -106      341      582     -227      -20     0.0     0.3     0.4    -0.1    -0.1
 

Firm size 1 to 49 employees

Gross job gains                   3,101    3,273    3,115    3,033    3,092     8.8     9.2     8.8     8.6     8.8
 At expanding firms               2,122    2,241    2,197    2,128    2,144     6.0     6.3     6.2     6.0     6.1
 At opening firms                   979    1,032      918      905      948     2.8     2.9     2.6     2.6     2.7
 
Gross job losses                  3,215    3,021    3,044    3,292    3,238     9.1     8.5     8.5     9.3     9.2
 At contracting firms             2,262    2,125    2,114    2,258    2,230     6.4     6.0     5.9     6.4     6.3
 At closing firms                   953      896      930    1,034    1,008     2.7     2.5     2.6     2.9     2.9
 
Net employment change              -114      252       71     -259     -146    -0.3     0.7     0.3    -0.7    -0.4
 

Firm size 50 to 249 employees

Gross job gains                   1,053    1,106    1,084    1,094    1,041     4.6     4.8     4.7     4.7     4.5
 At expanding firms               1,021    1,072    1,053    1,060    1,007     4.5     4.7     4.6     4.6     4.4
 At opening firms                    32       34       31       34       34     0.1     0.1     0.1     0.1     0.1
 
Gross job losses                  1,051      991      979    1,037    1,074     4.6     4.3     4.2     4.5     4.7
 At contracting firms             1,025      962      951    1,006    1,039     4.5     4.2     4.1     4.4     4.5
 At closing firms                    26       29       28       31       35     0.1     0.1     0.1     0.1     0.2
 
Net employment change                 2      115      105       57      -33     0.0     0.5     0.5     0.2    -0.2
 

Firm size 250 or more employees

Gross job gains                   1,883    1,764    1,907    1,826    1,901     2.6     2.4     2.6     2.5     2.6
 At expanding firms               1,873    1,761    1,904    1,818    1,897     2.6     2.4     2.6     2.5     2.6
 At opening firms                    10        3        3        8        4     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0
 
Gross job losses                  1,877    1,790    1,501    1,851    1,742     2.6     2.5     2.0     2.5     2.4
 At contracting firms             1,873    1,788    1,494    1,828    1,739     2.6     2.5     2.0     2.5     2.4
 At closing firms                     4        2        7       23        3     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0
 
Net employment change                 6      -26      406      -25      159     0.0    -0.1     0.6     0.0     0.2
 
 
(1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by
    establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.

NOTE: Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Net change totals for
the firm-level data differ from the establishment-level data due to independent seasonal adjustment. The unit of
analysis section in the technical note provides additional detail. See www.bls.gov/bdm/bdmfirmsize.htm for more
detailed firm size class data.
Last Modified Date: May 07, 2025