Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted
Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses
(in thousands) as a percent of employment
Category 3 months ended 3 months ended
Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec.
2024 2025 2025 2025 2025 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025
Total private by firm(1)
Gross job gains 6,079 5,923 5,939 5,913 6,058 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6
At expanding firms 4,970 4,927 4,986 4,885 4,984 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8
At opening firms 1,109 996 953 1,028 1,074 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8
Gross job losses 5,829 5,590 6,321 6,122 5,600 4.4 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.2
At contracting firms 4,851 4,649 5,309 5,162 4,689 3.7 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.5
At closing firms 978 941 1,012 960 911 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7
Net employment change 250 333 -382 -209 458 0.2 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.4
Firm size 1 to 49 employees
Gross job gains 3,195 3,113 3,045 3,029 3,135 9.0 8.8 8.6 8.7 8.9
At expanding firms 2,158 2,152 2,138 2,060 2,108 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0
At opening firms 1,037 961 907 969 1,027 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.9
Gross job losses 3,055 3,025 3,225 3,167 2,941 8.6 8.6 9.1 9.0 8.4
At contracting firms 2,125 2,113 2,255 2,247 2,067 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.4 5.9
At closing firms 930 912 970 920 874 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.5
Net employment change 140 88 -180 -138 194 0.4 0.2 -0.5 -0.3 0.5
Firm size 50 to 249 employees
Gross job gains 1,097 991 1,090 1,008 1,092 4.8 4.2 4.8 4.4 4.8
At expanding firms 1,060 960 1,050 970 1,053 4.6 4.1 4.6 4.2 4.6
At opening firms 37 31 40 38 39 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gross job losses 979 1,013 1,057 1,083 954 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.1
At contracting firms 945 986 1,021 1,048 922 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.0
At closing firms 34 27 36 35 32 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1
Net employment change 118 -22 33 -75 138 0.6 -0.2 0.2 -0.4 0.7
Firm size 250 or more employees
Gross job gains 1,787 1,819 1,804 1,876 1,831 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4
At expanding firms 1,752 1,815 1,798 1,855 1,823 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4
At opening firms 35 4 6 21 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gross job losses 1,795 1,552 2,039 1,872 1,705 2.4 2.1 2.7 2.5 2.3
At contracting firms 1,781 1,550 2,033 1,867 1,700 2.4 2.1 2.7 2.5 2.3
At closing firms 14 2 6 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net employment change -8 267 -235 4 126 0.0 0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.1
(1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by
establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.
NOTE: Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Net change totals for
the firm-level data differ from the establishment-level data due to independent seasonal adjustment. The unit of
analysis section in the technical note provides additional detail. See www.bls.gov/bdm/bdmfirmsize.htm for more
detailed firm size class data.
United States Department of Labor
