Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted
Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses
(in thousands) as a percent of employment
Category 3 months ended 3 months ended
Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept.
2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025
Total private by firm(1)
Gross job gains 6,057 6,079 5,923 5,939 5,913 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.5
At expanding firms 5,050 4,970 4,927 4,986 4,885 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7
At opening firms 1,007 1,109 996 953 1,028 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8
Gross job losses 6,019 5,829 5,590 6,321 6,122 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.8 4.6
At contracting firms 4,992 4,851 4,649 5,309 5,162 3.8 3.7 3.5 4.0 3.9
At closing firms 1,027 978 941 1,012 960 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7
Net employment change 38 250 333 -382 -209 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.4 -0.1
Firm size 1 to 49 employees
Gross job gains 3,130 3,195 3,113 3,045 3,029 8.8 9.0 8.8 8.6 8.7
At expanding firms 2,160 2,158 2,152 2,138 2,060 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9
At opening firms 970 1,037 961 907 969 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.8
Gross job losses 3,226 3,055 3,025 3,225 3,167 9.1 8.6 8.6 9.1 9.0
At contracting firms 2,235 2,125 2,113 2,255 2,247 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.4
At closing firms 991 930 912 970 920 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6
Net employment change -96 140 88 -180 -138 -0.3 0.4 0.2 -0.5 -0.3
Firm size 50 to 249 employees
Gross job gains 1,033 1,097 991 1,090 1,008 4.4 4.8 4.2 4.8 4.4
At expanding firms 1,000 1,060 960 1,050 970 4.3 4.6 4.1 4.6 4.2
At opening firms 33 37 31 40 38 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2
Gross job losses 1,064 979 1,013 1,057 1,083 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8
At contracting firms 1,031 945 986 1,021 1,048 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6
At closing firms 33 34 27 36 35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
Net employment change -31 118 -22 33 -75 -0.2 0.6 -0.2 0.2 -0.4
Firm size 250 or more employees
Gross job gains 1,894 1,787 1,819 1,804 1,876 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5
At expanding firms 1,890 1,752 1,815 1,798 1,855 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5
At opening firms 4 35 4 6 21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gross job losses 1,729 1,795 1,552 2,039 1,872 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.7 2.5
At contracting firms 1,726 1,781 1,550 2,033 1,867 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.7 2.5
At closing firms 3 14 2 6 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net employment change 165 -8 267 -235 4 0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.3 0.0
(1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by
establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.
NOTE: Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Net change totals for
the firm-level data differ from the establishment-level data due to independent seasonal adjustment. The unit of
analysis section in the technical note provides additional detail. See www.bls.gov/bdm/bdmfirmsize.htm for more
detailed firm size class data.
United States Department of Labor
