Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted
Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses
(in thousands) as a percent of employment
Category 3 months ended 3 months ended
Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar.
2023 2023 2023 2023 2024 2023 2023 2023 2023 2024
Total private by firm(1)
Gross job gains 6,623 6,450 6,037 6,143 6,106 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.6
At expanding firms 5,587 5,440 5,016 5,074 5,154 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9
At opening firms 1,036 1,010 1,021 1,069 952 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7
Gross job losses 5,484 6,146 6,143 5,802 5,524 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.2
At contracting firms 4,493 5,158 5,160 4,875 4,559 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.5
At closing firms 991 988 983 927 965 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7
Net employment change 1,139 304 -106 341 582 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.4
Firm size 1 to 49 employees
Gross job gains 3,398 3,252 3,101 3,273 3,115 9.5 9.1 8.8 9.2 8.8
At expanding firms 2,395 2,282 2,122 2,241 2,197 6.7 6.4 6.0 6.3 6.2
At opening firms 1,003 970 979 1,032 918 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.6
Gross job losses 3,039 3,230 3,215 3,021 3,044 8.6 9.1 9.1 8.5 8.5
At contracting firms 2,077 2,279 2,262 2,125 2,114 5.9 6.4 6.4 6.0 5.9
At closing firms 962 951 953 896 930 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6
Net employment change 359 22 -114 252 71 0.9 0.0 -0.3 0.7 0.3
Firm size 50 to 249 employees
Gross job gains 1,196 1,169 1,053 1,106 1,084 5.2 5.1 4.6 4.8 4.7
At expanding firms 1,164 1,133 1,021 1,072 1,053 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.6
At opening firms 32 36 32 34 31 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gross job losses 907 1,028 1,051 991 979 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.2
At contracting firms 882 999 1,025 962 951 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.1
At closing firms 25 29 26 29 28 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Net employment change 289 141 2 115 105 1.2 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.5
Firm size 250 or more employees
Gross job gains 2,029 2,029 1,883 1,764 1,907 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.6
At expanding firms 2,028 2,025 1,873 1,761 1,904 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.6
At opening firms 1 4 10 3 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gross job losses 1,538 1,888 1,877 1,790 1,501 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.0
At contracting firms 1,534 1,880 1,873 1,788 1,494 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.0
At closing firms 4 8 4 2 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net employment change 491 141 6 -26 406 0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.6
(1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by
establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.
NOTE: Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Net change totals for
the firm-level data differ from the establishment-level data due to independent seasonal adjustment. The unit of
analysis section in the technical note provides additional detail. See www.bls.gov/bdm/bdmfirmsize.htm for more
detailed firm size class data.
United States Department of Labor
