Technical notes

TECHNICAL NOTES

Background
The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), part of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Injuries, Illnesses, 
and Fatalities (IIF) program, is a count of all fatalities resulting from workplace injuries occurring in the U.S. 
during the calendar year. The CFOI uses a variety of state, federal, and independent data sources to identify, verify, 
and describe fatal work injuries. This ensures counts are as complete and accurate as possible. For the 2023 data, over 
26,700 unique source documents were reviewed as part of the data collection process. For technical information and 
definitions for the CFOI, see the BLS Handbook of Methods on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/cfoi/home.htm and 
the CFOI definitions at www.bls.gov/iif/definitions/occupational-safety-and-health-definitions.htm. Fatal injury rates 
are subject to sampling error as they are calculated using employment data from the Current Population Survey, a sample 
of households, and the BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics. For more information on sampling error, 
see www.bls.gov/iif/additional-resources/reliability-of-estimates.htm.

The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII), another component of the IIF program, presents frequency counts 
and incidence rates by industry, detailed case circumstances, and worker characteristics for nonfatal workplace injuries 
and illnesses for cases that result in days away from work and days of job transfer or restriction. For these data, go 
to www.bls.gov/iif. 

NAICS and OIICS Comparisons
The NAICS 2022 update resulted in minor revisions within five industries, as well as major revisions within the retail trade 
and information sectors. More information is available at https://www.census.gov/naics.
Comparison of industry data using NAICS 2022 with prior NAICS coding structures should be made with caution. For a 
concordance of 2017 NAICS to 2022 NAICS see https://www.census.gov/naics/concordances/2022_to_2017_NAICS.xlsx. Industry 
sector level comparisons made in this publication are included where the 2017 NAICS is comparable to 2022 NAICS. 

A list of major changes implemented in the comprehensive OIICS revision is available at 
https://www.bls.gov/iif/definitions/oiics-version-3-major-changes.htm. This change resulted in a break in series for 2023 
case characteristics data.

Identification and verification of work-related fatalities
In 2023, work relationship could not be independently verified by multiple source documents for 30 fatal work injuries. 
However, the information on the initiating source document for these cases was sufficient to determine that the incident 
was likely to be job-related. Data for these fatalities are included.

Federal/State agency coverage
The CFOI includes data for all fatal work injuries, some of which may be outside the scope of other agencies or regulatory 
coverage. Comparisons between CFOI counts and those released by other agencies should account for the different coverage 
requirements and definitions used by each agency. For more information on the scope of CFOI, 
see www.bls.gov/iif/overview/cfoi-scope.htm and www.bls.gov/opub/hom/cfoi/concepts.htm. 

Latency Cases
Latent fatal occupational injury cases occur when the date of injury differs from the date of death. In some cases, the 
death occurs in a different year than the occupational injury and are known as cross-year latent cases. In 2023, there were 
208 cases where this occurred, and 186 of these latent cases occurred more than 30 days prior to the start of 2023. For more 
information on latent cases, see www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-10/latency-in-fatal-occupational-injuries.htm.

CFOI Methodology
Starting with the reference year 2019, CFOI modernized its disclosure methodology further strengthening its protection of 
confidential data. Individually identifiable data collected by the CFOI are used exclusively for statistical purposes and are 
protected under the Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2002 (CIPSEA). These data are 
collected under a pledge of confidentiality and therefore require BLS to prevent disclosure of identifying information 
of decedents. For more information see www.bls.gov/iif/questions-and-answers.htm.

Acknowledgements
BLS thanks the participating states, New York City, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and 
Guam for their efforts in collecting accurate, comprehensive, and useful data on fatal work injuries. Although data for 
Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam are not included in the national totals, results for these jurisdictions 
are available. Participating agencies may be contacted to request more detailed state results. Contact information is 
available at www.bls.gov/iif/state-data.htm. 

BLS also appreciates the efforts of all federal, state, local, and private sector entities that provided source documents 
used to identify fatal work injuries. Among these agencies are the Occupational Safety and Health Administration; the National 
Transportation Safety Board; the U.S. Coast Guard; the Mine Safety and Health Administration; the Office of Workers’ 
Compensation Programs (Federal Employees’ Compensation and Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation divisions); the Federal 
Railroad Administration; the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; state vital statistics registrars, coroners, and 
medical examiners; state departments of health, labor, and industrial relations and workers’ compensation agencies; state 
and local police departments; and state farm bureaus. 

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