For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, September 21, 2023 USDL-23-2025
Technical information: (202) 691-6339 * atusinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/tus
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
UNPAID ELDERCARE IN THE UNITED STATES -- 2021-2022
DATA FROM THE AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY
Fourteen percent of the civilian noninstitutional population age 15 and over, or 37.1 million people, provided
unpaid eldercare, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. A little over one-fourth (28 percent)
of eldercare providers engaged in unpaid eldercare on a given day, spending an average of 3.6 hours providing
this care. These estimates are averages for the 2-year period of 2021-22.
Eldercare providers are defined as individuals who provide unpaid care to someone age 65 or older who needs
help because of a condition related to aging. This care can be provided to household or nonhousehold members,
as well as persons living in retirement homes or assisted care facilities. Eldercare can involve a range of
care activities, such as assisting with grooming, preparing meals, and providing transportation. Eldercare
also can involve providing companionship or being available to assist when help is needed, and thus it can
be associated with nearly any activity.
Information about eldercare providers and the time they spend providing care are collected as part of the
American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS is a continuous household survey that provides estimates on how
people spend their time. For a description of ATUS data, concepts, and methodology, see the Technical Note.
Eldercare providers in 2021-22
--Of the 37.1 million eldercare providers in the civilian noninstitutional population age 15 and over, the
majority (59 percent) were women. (See table 1.)
--Individuals ages 45 to 54 (20 percent) and 55 to 64 (21 percent) were the most likely to provide eldercare,
followed by those ages 65 and over (15 percent). (See table 1.)
--Fifty percent of eldercare providers had provided this care for 2 years or less, and 15 percent had provided
care for 10 years or more. (See table 2.)
--Nearly one-half of eldercare providers provided care at least several times a week, and almost one-quarter
provided care daily. (See table 2.)
--Thirty-seven percent of eldercare providers cared for someone age 85 or older, while 15 percent provided
care for someone age 65 to 69. (See table 2.)
--Over half of eldercare providers ages 25 to 34 cared for a grandparent, while the majority of providers
ages 35 to 64 cared for a parent. Providers ages 65 and over were more likely than those in other age groups
to care for a friend or neighbor. (See table 3.)
--Seventeen percent of eldercare providers cared solely for someone with whom they lived, and 81 percent cared
solely for someone with whom they did not live. (See table 2.)
Time spent providing eldercare in 2021-22
--On a given day, a little over one-fourth (28 percent) of eldercare providers engaged in eldercare. They spent
an average of 3.6 hours in caregiving activities on days they provided care. (See table 4.)
--Compared with those in other age groups, eldercare providers who were ages 65 and older were the most likely
to provide care on a given day (38 percent). On days they provided care, they spent 4.9 hours doing so. (See
table 4.)
--Those who provided eldercare for someone solely in their household were more than three times as likely to
provide eldercare on a given day than those who provided care solely for someone living in another household--
66 percent compared with 19 percent. They also spent more time providing this care on an average day--2.9 hours
compared to 35 minutes a day. (See table 4.)
--Eldercare providers who cared solely for a parent spent an average of 1 hour per day providing eldercare
(includes days they did and did not provide care). (See table 4.)
--Providers who were not employed spent more time providing eldercare (4.4 hours) than employed providers (2.8
hours) on days they provided care. (See table 4.)
--Among eldercare providers, women and men were about equally likely to provide eldercare on a given day--28
percent of female eldercare providers and 27 percent of male eldercare providers engaged in eldercare
activities on an average day. On days they provided care, they spent the same amount of time providing this
care (3.6 hours). (See table 4.)
Eldercare activities in 2021-22
--On days they provided care, 40 percent of eldercare providers engaged in caregiving associated with household
activities, spending on average 42 minutes per day in these activities. This includes 27 percent of providers
who engaged in eldercare associated with food preparation and cleanup and 15 percent who provided eldercare
associated with housework. (See table 5.)
--Thirty-four percent of eldercare providers engaged in caregiving associated with leisure and sports on days
they provided care, spending 1.1 hours per day in these activities. This includes 19 percent of eldercare
providers who engaged in eldercare associated with socializing and communicating, spending 21 minutes per
day in these activities. (See table 5.)
Eldercare providers who were parents with children under age 18 living at home in 2021-22
--There were 7.8 million eldercare providers who were parents of children living at home. Of these parents,
about one-third (32 percent) had a child under age 6, and the remainder (68 percent) were parents whose
youngest child was between the ages of 6 and 17. (See table 9.)
--Fifty-seven percent of eldercare providers who were parents of children living at home provided care for
their own parent. These persons sometimes are described as members of the “sandwich generation,” because
they are in between two generations that require care. (See table 9.)
--Most (82 percent) eldercare providers who were parents were employed, and 71 percent were employed full
time. Eighty-seven percent of fathers were employed full time, compared with 60 percent of mothers. (See
table 9.)
--Thirteen percent of eldercare providers who were parents had no spouse or unmarried partner present in the
household. (See table 9.)
--Eldercare providers who were parents were less likely to provide daily care than the overall population of
eldercare providers (14 percent compared with 24 percent) but just as likely to provide care several times
a week (24 percent). (See tables 2 and 9.)
--On a given day, 19 percent of eldercare providers who were also parents of children living at home
engaged in eldercare. On days they provided eldercare, they spent 2.4 hours doing so. (See table 4.)
Technical Note
The estimates in this release are from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS, which is conducted
by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a continuous survey about how
individuals age 15 and over spend their time. In the 2-year period of 2021–22, approximately 17,000
individuals were interviewed for the ATUS; of these, approximately 2,500 individuals were identified as
eldercare providers. Data for the combined years of 2021–22 were used to facilitate a more in-depth analysis
of eldercare.
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.
Survey methodology
ATUS sample households are chosen from the households that completed their eighth (final) interview for the
Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation’s monthly labor force survey. ATUS sample households are selected
to ensure that estimates will be nationally representative of the civilian noninstitutional population. One
individual age 15 or over--referred to as the designated person--is randomly chosen from each sampled household.
This person is interviewed by telephone once about his or her activities on the day before the interview.
All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. Procedures are in place to
collect information from the small number of households that did not provide a telephone number during the CPS
interview.
ATUS designated persons are preassigned a day of the week about which to report. Preassignment is designed to
reduce variability in response rates across the week and to allow oversampling of weekend days so that accurate
weekend day measures can be developed. Interviews occur on the day following the assigned day. For example, a
person assigned to report about a Monday would be contacted on the following Tuesday. Ten percent of designated
persons are assigned to report about each of the five weekdays. Twenty-five percent are assigned to report about
each weekend day. Households are called for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for example, 8 Tuesdays) in order to
secure an interview.
About the questionnaire
In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, survey respondents sequentially report activities they did
between 4 a.m. on the day before the interview until 4 a.m. on the day of the interview. For each activity,
respondents are asked how long the activity lasted. For activities other than personal care activities (such as
sleeping and grooming), interviewers also ask respondents where they were and who was in the room with them (if
at home) or who accompanied them (if away from home). If respondents report doing more than one activity at a
time, they are asked to identify which one was their main activity. If none can be identified, the interviewer
records the first activity mentioned. After completing the time diary, interviewers ask additional questions,
including questions to identify eldercare providers and activities done as eldercare. Questions on eldercare
were added to the survey in 2011.
After completing the interview, activity descriptions are assigned a single 6-digit code using the ATUS Coding
Lexicon. The 3-tier coding system consists of 17 major activity categories, each with multiple second- and third-
tier subcategories. These coding lexicon categories are then combined into composite categories for publication.
Descriptions of categories shown in this release can be found in the Activity definitions section of this Technical
Note. The ATUS Coding Lexicons can be accessed at www.bls.gov/tus/lexicons.htm.
Concepts and definitions
Average day. The average day measure reflects an average distribution across all persons in the reference
population and all days of the week.
Average hours per day. The average number of hours spent in a 24-hour day (between 4 a.m. on the diary day
and 4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a specified activity.
--Average hours per day, population. The average number of hours per day is computed using all responses
from a given population, including those of respondents who did not do a particular activity on their
diary day. These estimates reflect how many population members engaged in an activity and the amount
of time they spent doing it.
--Average hours per day, persons who did the activity. The average number of hours per day is computed
using only responses from those who engaged in a particular activity on their diary day.
Condition related to aging. An ongoing ailment or physical or emotional limitation that typically affects older
people, such as becoming more frail; having difficulty seeing, hearing, or physically moving; becoming more forgetful;
tiring more quickly; or having specific medical ailments that are more common among older adults. It also refers to
existing conditions that become progressively worse as one ages.
Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the respondent reports. For example, the diary day of a respondent
interviewed on Tuesday is Monday.
Eldercare. Eldercare is providing unpaid care or assistance to an individual who needed help because of a
condition related to aging. This care can be provided by a family member or non-family member. Care can be provided
in the recipient’s home, the provider’s home, or a care facility such as a nursing home.
Eldercare can involve a range of care activities, such as assisting with grooming and feeding, preparing meals,
arranging medical care, and providing transportation. Eldercare also can involve providing companionship or being
available to assist when help is needed, and thus it can be associated with nearly any activity.
Estimates of the time spent providing eldercare are derived by summing the durations of activities during which
respondents provided care or assistance for an adult who needed help because of a condition related to aging. These
estimates never include times the respondent reported sleeping, grooming, or engaging in personal care services.
Eldercare provider. An individual who provided eldercare more than one time in the 3 to 4 months prior to the
interview day. The time frame varies slightly by respondent because the question asks about care provided between the
first day of a given reference month and the interview day. Estimates are restricted to eldercare providers caring
for at least one person age 65 or older.
Employment status
--Employed. All persons who:
1) At any time during the 7 days prior to the interview did any work at all as paid employees, or worked in
their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
2) Were not working during the 7 days prior to the interview but had jobs or businesses from which they were
temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labor-management disputes,
maternity or paternity leave, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid
for the time off or were seeking other jobs; or
3) Usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise.
--Employed full time. Full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 or more hours per week at all jobs combined.
--Employed part time. Part-time workers are those who usually worked fewer than 35 hours per week at all jobs combined.
--Not employed. Persons are not employed if they do not meet the conditions for employment. People who are not employed
include those classified as unemployed as well as those classified as not in the labor force (using CPS definitions).
Household children. Household children are children under age 18 residing in the household of the ATUS respondent. The
children may be related to the respondent (such as his or her own children, grandchildren, nieces or nephews, or brothers
or sisters) or not related (such as foster children or children of roommates or boarders).
Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity a respondent was doing at a specified time.
Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates. Estimates for weekdays are an average of reports about Monday through Friday,
excluding holidays. Estimates for weekend days and holidays are an average of reports about Saturdays, Sundays, and the
following holidays: New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas
Day. Data were not collected about the Fourth of July in 2021 and Christmas Day in 2022.
Activity definitions
The following definitions describe the activities associated with eldercare appearing in this release. These are diary
activities that survey respondents identified as ones during which they had provided care or assistance for an adult who
needed help because of a condition related to aging.
Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking (except eating and drinking done as part of a work or volunteer
activity) is classified here.
Household activities. Household activities are activities done by people to maintain their households. These include
housework; cooking; lawn and garden care; pet care; vehicle maintenance and repair; home maintenance, repair, decoration,
and renovation; and household management and organizational activities (such as filling out paperwork or planning a
party). Food preparation, whether or not reported as done specifically for another household member, is always classified
as a household activity unless it was done as a volunteer, work, or income-generating activity, or when done for a
nonhousehold member.
Purchasing goods and services. This category includes time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing consumer goods,
professional services, household services, and government services. Consumer purchases include most purchases and rentals
of consumer goods. Professional services refer to financial services and banking, legal services, medical and adult care
services, real estate services, and veterinary services. Household services include housecleaning; cooking; lawn care and
landscaping; pet care; tailoring, laundering, and dry cleaning; vehicle maintenance and repairs; and home repairs,
maintenance, and construction. This category also captures the time spent obtaining government services--such as applying
for food stamps--and purchasing government-required licenses or paying fines or fees.
Caring for and helping household members. Time spent doing activities to care for members of the household, regardless
of relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the person being helped, is classified here.
This category includes a range of activities done to benefit members of households, such as providing physical and medical
care or obtaining medical services.
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members. This category includes time spent in activities done to care for or help
individuals who do not live in the household. When done for or through an organization, time spent helping nonhousehold
members is classified as volunteering, rather than as helping nonhousehold members.
Working and work-related activities. This category includes time spent working, doing activities as part of one's job,
engaging in income-generating activities not as part of one's job, and job search activities. "Working" includes hours
spent doing the specific tasks required of one's main or other job, regardless of location or time of day. "Work-related
activities" include activities that are not obviously work but are done as part of one's job, such as having a business
lunch and playing golf with clients. "Other income-generating activities" are those done "on the side" or under informal
arrangement and are not part of a regular job. Such activities might include selling homemade crafts, maintaining a rental
property, or having a yard sale. These activities are those for which people are paid or will be paid.
Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This category captures time spent volunteering for or through an
organization, performing civic obligations, and participating in religious and spiritual activities.
Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category includes time spent in sports, exercise, and recreation; socializing
and communicating; and other leisure activities. Sports, exercise, and recreation activities include participating in--as
well as attending or watching--sports, exercise, and recreational activities. Recreational activities include yard games
like croquet or horseshoes, as well as activities like billiards and dancing. Socializing and communicating includes
face-to-face social communication and hosting or attending social functions. Leisure activities include watching television;
reading; relaxing or thinking; playing computer, board, or card games; using a computer or the Internet for personal
interest; playing or listening to music; and other activities, such as attending arts, cultural, and entertainment events.
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail. This category captures time spent in telephone communication and handling household
or personal mail or e-mail. This category also includes texting and Internet voice and video calling.
Traveling. This category includes all travel, regardless of mode or purpose, as well as security procedures related to
traveling.
Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This is a residual category intended to capture activities not elsewhere
classified in each table. These might be ambiguous activities that could not be coded, missing activities, or activities
that occurred very infrequently. Missing activities result when respondents do not remember what they did for a period of
time, or when they consider an activity too private or personal to report. This category includes a small amount of time
that was spent in educational activities, as no educational activities category appears in the tables.
Processing and estimation
After ATUS data are collected, they go through an editing and imputation procedure. Responses to CPS questions that are
re-asked in the ATUS go through the regular CPS edit and imputation procedures. Some item nonresponses for questions unique
to the ATUS also are imputed.
ATUS records are weighted quarterly to reduce bias in the estimates due to differences in sampling and response rates
across subpopulations and days of the week. Specifically, the data are weighted to ensure the following:
--Weekdays represent about 5/7 of the weighted data, and weekend days represent about 2/7 of the weighted data for the
population as a whole and for selected subpopulations. The actual proportions depend on the number of weekdays and weekend
days in a given quarter.
--The sum of the weights is equal to the number of person-days in the quarter for the population as a whole and for
selected subpopulations (the population times the number of days in the quarter).
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire
population, is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference
that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate.
Sample estimates from a given survey design are unbiased when an average of the estimates from all possible samples would
yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample estimate and its standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values that include the true population value with known
probabilities. If the process of selecting a sample from the population were repeated many times, an estimate made from each
sample, and a suitable estimate of its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 90 percent of the
intervals from 1.645 standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate would include the true
population value. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error, which is the average difference between population and sample values
for samples generated by a given process. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a
segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Errors also
could occur if nonresponse is correlated with time use.
Nonsampling error and eldercare. Eldercare done for a spouse or partner may be underreported, especially when the care
provided has only recently become necessary. For example, a survey respondent who has always prepared the family dinner
may not view cooking as an eldercare activity; if her husband is no longer capable of preparing his own meals, though, he
depends on this assistance and it meets the definition of eldercare.
Additionally, nonsampling error affects data on the frequency of care. Survey respondents were asked how often they
provided eldercare in recent months and whether they provided eldercare on the diary day. Information about care provided
on the diary day was used to calculate daily participation rates. There are some inconsistencies between the reported
frequency of care and the actual provision of eldercare on an average day. For example, in 2021-2022, only 65 percent of
eldercare providers who self-reported providing care "daily" actually provided eldercare on an average day. This
discrepancy reflects some respondents’ choice of "daily" rather than "several times a week" or another option to best
describe their eldercare frequency, even while acknowledging they had not provided care on the diary day.
ATUS publication standards
Estimates of average hours per day and participation rates are not published unless there are a minimum number of
respondents representing the given population. Additional publication criteria are applied that include the number of
respondents who reported doing a specified activity and the standard error or coefficient of variation for the estimate.
Estimates that are considered "close to zero" or that round to 0.00, are published as approximately zero. For a detailed
description of the statistical reliability criteria necessary for publication, please contact ATUS staff at ATUSinfo@bls.gov.
Table 1. Number and percent of the U.S. population who were eldercare providers by sex and selected characteristics, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
[Numbers in thousands]
| Characteristic |
Total |
Men |
Women |
| Civilian noninstitutional population |
Eldercare providers |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Eldercare providers |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Eldercare providers |
| Number |
Percent of population |
Number |
Percent of population |
Number |
Percent of population |
Age |
|
Total, 15 years and over |
266,998 |
37,106 |
13.9 |
129,998 |
15,216 |
11.7 |
137,000 |
21,890 |
16.0 |
15 to 24 years |
41,896 |
3,623 |
8.6 |
21,285 |
1,973 |
9.3 |
20,611 |
1,650 |
8.0 |
25 to 34 years |
44,459 |
3,236 |
7.3 |
22,179 |
1,428 |
6.4 |
22,280 |
1,808 |
8.1 |
35 to 44 years |
42,421 |
5,031 |
11.9 |
21,020 |
2,125 |
10.1 |
21,401 |
2,906 |
13.6 |
45 to 54 years |
39,749 |
7,941 |
20.0 |
19,520 |
2,950 |
15.1 |
20,229 |
4,991 |
24.7 |
55 to 64 years |
42,014 |
8,911 |
21.2 |
20,404 |
3,797 |
18.6 |
21,610 |
5,114 |
23.7 |
65 years and over |
56,459 |
8,365 |
14.8 |
25,590 |
2,943 |
11.5 |
30,869 |
5,422 |
17.6 |
|
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|
White |
209,161 |
30,313 |
14.5 |
102,789 |
12,680 |
12.3 |
106,371 |
17,633 |
16.6 |
Black or African American |
33,638 |
4,646 |
13.8 |
15,371 |
1,673 |
10.9 |
18,267 |
2,972 |
16.3 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
46,635 |
3,613 |
7.7 |
23,383 |
1,320 |
5.6 |
23,252 |
2,293 |
9.9 |
|
Employment status |
|
Employed |
166,262 |
22,772 |
13.7 |
88,148 |
10,166 |
11.5 |
78,114 |
12,606 |
16.1 |
Full-time workers |
132,562 |
18,424 |
13.9 |
74,564 |
8,616 |
11.6 |
57,998 |
9,808 |
16.9 |
Part-time workers |
33,700 |
4,348 |
12.9 |
13,584 |
1,550 |
11.4 |
20,116 |
2,798 |
13.9 |
Not employed |
100,736 |
14,334 |
14.2 |
41,850 |
5,050 |
12.1 |
58,886 |
9,284 |
15.8 |
|
Educational attainment, 25 years and over |
|
Less than a high school diploma |
18,797 |
1,491 |
7.9 |
9,557 |
724 |
7.6 |
9,240 |
767 |
8.3 |
High school graduates, no college |
64,559 |
8,591 |
13.3 |
33,019 |
3,952 |
12.0 |
31,541 |
4,639 |
14.7 |
Some college or associate degree |
48,841 |
7,891 |
16.2 |
22,603 |
2,829 |
12.5 |
26,238 |
5,062 |
19.3 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
92,905 |
15,511 |
16.7 |
43,534 |
5,738 |
13.2 |
49,371 |
9,772 |
19.8 |
|
Parent of household children under 18 years |
|
Parent of one or more household children |
66,261 |
7,836 |
11.8 |
30,433 |
3,118 |
10.2 |
35,828 |
4,718 |
13.2 |
Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger |
36,677 |
5,344 |
14.6 |
16,673 |
2,011 |
12.1 |
20,003 |
3,333 |
16.7 |
Parent of a household child under age 6 |
29,584 |
2,493 |
8.4 |
13,759 |
1,107 |
8.0 |
15,825 |
1,385 |
8.8 |
Not a parent of a household child |
200,737 |
29,270 |
14.6 |
99,566 |
12,098 |
12.2 |
101,172 |
17,172 |
17.0 |
|
Marital status |
|
No spouse or unmarried partner present in household |
115,066 |
14,594 |
12.7 |
54,135 |
6,189 |
11.4 |
60,931 |
8,405 |
13.8 |
Spouse or unmarried partner present in household |
151,932 |
22,513 |
14.8 |
75,864 |
9,028 |
11.9 |
76,069 |
13,485 |
17.7 |
|
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.
|
Table 2. Eldercare providers by sex and selected characteristics related to care provided, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
[Numbers in thousands]
| Characteristic |
Eldercare providers |
| Total |
Men |
Women |
| Number |
Percent |
Number |
Percent |
Number |
Percent |
Total, 15 years and over |
37,106 |
100.0 |
15,216 |
100.0 |
21,890 |
100.0 |
|
Parent of household children under 18 years |
|
Parent of one or more household children |
7,836 |
21.1 |
3,118 |
20.5 |
4,718 |
21.6 |
Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger |
5,344 |
14.4 |
2,011 |
13.2 |
3,333 |
15.2 |
Parent of a household child under age 6 |
2,493 |
6.7 |
1,107 |
7.3 |
1,385 |
6.3 |
Not a parent of a household child |
29,270 |
78.9 |
12,098 |
79.5 |
17,172 |
78.4 |
|
Number of care recipients |
|
Caring for one person |
26,389 |
71.1 |
10,915 |
71.7 |
15,474 |
70.7 |
Caring for two persons |
7,941 |
21.4 |
3,100 |
20.4 |
4,841 |
22.1 |
Caring for three or more persons |
2,776 |
7.5 |
1,202 |
7.9 |
1,575 |
7.2 |
|
Relationship to care recipient |
|
Total, all eldercare providers |
37,106 |
- |
15,216 |
- |
21,890 |
- |
Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner |
2,803 |
7.6 |
957 |
6.3 |
1,846 |
8.4 |
Caring for a parent |
17,165 |
46.3 |
6,847 |
45.0 |
10,318 |
47.1 |
Caring for a grandparent |
5,561 |
15.0 |
2,476 |
16.3 |
3,085 |
14.1 |
Caring for another related person |
8,475 |
22.8 |
3,699 |
24.3 |
4,776 |
21.8 |
Caring for a friend or neighbor |
5,450 |
14.7 |
2,026 |
13.3 |
3,424 |
15.6 |
Caring for someone else |
1,571 |
4.2 |
521 |
3.4 |
1,050 |
4.8 |
Eldercare providers caring for one person only |
26,389 |
100.0 |
10,915 |
100.0 |
15,474 |
100.0 |
Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner |
2,563 |
9.7 |
899 |
8.2 |
1,664 |
10.8 |
Caring for a parent |
11,522 |
43.7 |
4,726 |
43.3 |
6,796 |
43.9 |
Caring for a grandparent |
3,813 |
14.4 |
1,822 |
16.7 |
1,990 |
12.9 |
Caring for another related person |
4,640 |
17.6 |
2,190 |
20.1 |
2,450 |
15.8 |
Caring for a friend or neighbor |
3,171 |
12.0 |
1,050 |
9.6 |
2,121 |
13.7 |
Caring for someone else |
680 |
2.6 |
228 |
2.1 |
453 |
2.9 |
|
Age of care recipient |
|
Total, all eldercare providers |
37,106 |
- |
15,216 |
- |
21,890 |
- |
Caring for someone age 65 to 69 |
5,559 |
15.0 |
2,323 |
15.3 |
3,236 |
14.8 |
Caring for someone age 70 to 74 |
7,267 |
19.6 |
2,940 |
19.3 |
4,326 |
19.8 |
Caring for someone age 75 to 79 |
8,403 |
22.6 |
3,660 |
24.1 |
4,744 |
21.7 |
Caring for someone age 80 to 84 |
8,494 |
22.9 |
3,306 |
21.7 |
5,188 |
23.7 |
Caring for someone age 85 or older |
13,739 |
37.0 |
5,349 |
35.2 |
8,390 |
38.3 |
Eldercare providers caring for one person only |
26,389 |
100.0 |
10,915 |
100.0 |
15,474 |
100.0 |
Caring for someone age 65 to 69 |
3,350 |
12.7 |
1,474 |
13.5 |
1,876 |
12.1 |
Caring for someone age 70 to 74 |
4,042 |
15.3 |
1,626 |
14.9 |
2,416 |
15.6 |
Caring for someone age 75 to 79 |
4,891 |
18.5 |
2,360 |
21.6 |
2,530 |
16.4 |
Caring for someone age 80 to 84 |
4,800 |
18.2 |
1,751 |
16.0 |
3,049 |
19.7 |
Caring for someone age 85 or older |
9,307 |
35.3 |
3,704 |
33.9 |
5,603 |
36.2 |
|
Care of household or nonhousehold members |
|
Provided eldercare to household member(s) only |
6,464 |
17.4 |
2,888 |
19.0 |
3,576 |
16.3 |
Provided eldercare to nonhousehold member(s) only |
30,212 |
81.4 |
12,178 |
80.0 |
18,034 |
82.4 |
Provided eldercare to both household and nonhousehold person(s) |
430 |
1.2 |
150 |
1.0 |
281 |
1.3 |
|
Frequency of care |
|
Provided care daily |
9,022 |
24.3 |
3,605 |
23.7 |
5,416 |
24.7 |
Provided care several times a week |
8,916 |
24.0 |
3,810 |
25.0 |
5,106 |
23.3 |
Provided care once a week |
5,967 |
16.1 |
2,495 |
16.4 |
3,472 |
15.9 |
Provided care several times a month |
7,787 |
21.0 |
3,086 |
20.3 |
4,701 |
21.5 |
Provided care once a month |
3,712 |
10.0 |
1,604 |
10.5 |
2,108 |
9.6 |
Other |
1,702 |
4.6 |
616 |
4.0 |
1,086 |
5.0 |
|
Duration of care |
|
Provided care for less than 1 year |
8,190 |
22.1 |
3,106 |
20.4 |
5,084 |
23.2 |
Provided care for 1 to 2 years |
10,200 |
27.5 |
4,071 |
26.8 |
6,129 |
28.0 |
Provided care for 3 to 4 years |
6,252 |
16.8 |
2,574 |
16.9 |
3,678 |
16.8 |
Provided care for 5 to 9 years |
6,796 |
18.3 |
2,945 |
19.4 |
3,851 |
17.6 |
Provided care for 10 years or more |
5,669 |
15.3 |
2,520 |
16.6 |
3,149 |
14.4 |
|
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
|
Table 3. Eldercare providers by relationship to care recipient and selected characteristics of eldercare providers, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
| Characteristic |
Number of eldercare providers (in thousands) |
Percent of eldercare providers caring for |
| A spouse or unmarried partner |
A parent |
A grandparent |
Another related
person |
A friend or neighbor |
Someone else |
Age |
|
Total, 15 years and over |
37,106 |
7.6 |
46.3 |
15.0 |
22.8 |
14.7 |
4.2 |
15 to 24 years |
3,623 |
0.6 |
7.5 |
- |
13.6 |
6.1 |
5.3 |
25 to 34 years |
3,236 |
- |
32.1 |
56.6 |
12.7 |
5.3 |
4.6 |
35 to 44 years |
5,031 |
- |
60.2 |
18.1 |
26.1 |
9.2 |
4.9 |
45 to 54 years |
7,941 |
1.1 |
70.8 |
3.7 |
24.9 |
9.2 |
3.7 |
55 to 64 years |
8,911 |
4.2 |
60.1 |
0.3 |
24.8 |
16.4 |
3.9 |
65 years and over |
8,365 |
27.7 |
22.1 |
0.1 |
24.8 |
28.7 |
4.2 |
|
Sex |
|
Men |
15,216 |
6.3 |
45.0 |
16.3 |
24.3 |
13.3 |
3.4 |
Women |
21,890 |
8.4 |
47.1 |
14.1 |
21.8 |
15.6 |
4.8 |
|
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|
White |
30,313 |
7.8 |
46.4 |
14.4 |
22.8 |
15.5 |
3.7 |
Black or African American |
4,646 |
7.4 |
45.2 |
16.7 |
21.7 |
12.9 |
6.1 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
3,613 |
6.7 |
51.4 |
14.3 |
18.0 |
13.6 |
4.4 |
|
Employment status |
|
Employed |
22,772 |
2.5 |
55.1 |
16.1 |
23.2 |
11.6 |
4.2 |
Full-time workers |
18,424 |
2.1 |
58.4 |
14.2 |
23.3 |
10.6 |
4.3 |
Part-time workers |
4,348 |
4.1 |
41.0 |
24.3 |
22.7 |
16.0 |
4.0 |
Not employed |
14,334 |
15.6 |
32.2 |
13.2 |
22.3 |
19.6 |
4.3 |
|
Educational attainment, 25 years and over |
|
Less than a high school diploma |
1,491 |
- |
- |
4.8 |
13.8 |
- |
7.7 |
High school graduates, no college |
8,591 |
10.8 |
49.5 |
10.4 |
19.8 |
16.2 |
3.3 |
Some college or associate degree |
7,891 |
7.8 |
49.2 |
10.3 |
21.8 |
17.0 |
3.2 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
15,511 |
6.1 |
52.9 |
8.3 |
28.1 |
14.4 |
4.7 |
|
Parent of household children under 18 years |
|
Parent of one or more household children |
7,836 |
0.1 |
56.9 |
19.9 |
26.1 |
8.7 |
3.7 |
Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger |
5,344 |
0.1 |
62.4 |
13.9 |
27.8 |
9.4 |
3.7 |
Parent of a household child under age 6 |
2,493 |
- |
45.0 |
32.9 |
22.4 |
7.2 |
3.7 |
Not a parent of a household child |
29,270 |
9.6 |
43.4 |
13.7 |
22.0 |
16.3 |
4.4 |
|
Marital status |
|
No spouse or unmarried partner present in household |
14,594 |
1.0 |
44.1 |
25.4 |
13.7 |
18.2 |
4.7 |
Spouse or unmarried partner present in household |
22,513 |
11.8 |
47.6 |
8.2 |
28.8 |
12.4 |
4.0 |
|
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.
|
Table 4. Percent of eldercare providers who provided care on an average day and time spent providing this care by day of week and selected characteristics, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
| Characteristic |
Number of eldercare providers (in thousands) |
Percent of eldercare providers who provided care on an average day |
Average hours per day eldercare providers spent providing care |
Average hours per day eldercare providers spent providing care on days they engaged in eldercare |
| Total, all days |
Weekdays |
Weekends and holidays |
Total, all days |
Weekdays |
Weekends and holidays |
Total, all days |
Weekdays |
Weekends and holidays |
Age |
|
Total, 15 years and over |
37,106 |
27.5 |
27.4 |
27.7 |
0.99 |
1.00 |
0.95 |
3.59 |
3.65 |
3.45 |
15 to 24 years |
3,623 |
15.4 |
- |
- |
0.38 |
- |
- |
2.45 |
- |
- |
25 to 34 years |
3,236 |
22.2 |
- |
- |
0.35 |
- |
- |
1.59 |
1.28 |
- |
35 to 44 years |
5,031 |
20.6 |
21.4 |
17.7 |
0.56 |
0.59 |
0.45 |
2.71 |
2.75 |
2.53 |
45 to 54 years |
7,941 |
24.2 |
22.5 |
28.2 |
0.56 |
0.47 |
0.77 |
2.32 |
2.11 |
2.72 |
55 to 64 years |
8,911 |
30.9 |
31.4 |
29.5 |
1.26 |
1.37 |
1.02 |
4.09 |
4.35 |
3.44 |
65 years and over |
8,365 |
38.4 |
39.3 |
36.0 |
1.86 |
1.96 |
1.60 |
4.85 |
4.99 |
4.44 |
|
Sex |
|
Men |
15,216 |
26.9 |
28.1 |
23.9 |
0.97 |
0.99 |
0.93 |
3.61 |
3.52 |
3.87 |
Women |
21,890 |
27.8 |
26.9 |
30.2 |
0.99 |
1.00 |
0.97 |
3.58 |
3.74 |
3.22 |
|
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|
White |
30,313 |
26.4 |
26.2 |
27.1 |
0.92 |
0.94 |
0.87 |
3.48 |
3.60 |
3.20 |
Black or African American |
4,646 |
33.1 |
34.1 |
30.3 |
1.55 |
1.45 |
1.83 |
4.68 |
4.25 |
6.04 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
3,613 |
30.5 |
- |
- |
0.79 |
0.69 |
1.02 |
2.59 |
2.39 |
3.01 |
|
Employment status |
|
Employed |
22,772 |
22.0 |
21.8 |
22.6 |
0.61 |
0.61 |
0.61 |
2.75 |
2.78 |
2.69 |
Full-time workers |
18,424 |
20.1 |
19.2 |
22.7 |
0.53 |
0.49 |
0.64 |
2.65 |
2.58 |
2.81 |
Part-time workers |
4,348 |
30.1 |
- |
22.3 |
0.91 |
1.15 |
0.51 |
3.04 |
3.31 |
2.30 |
Not employed |
14,334 |
36.1 |
36.1 |
36.1 |
1.59 |
1.61 |
1.53 |
4.40 |
4.46 |
4.24 |
|
Educational attainment, 25 years and over |
|
Less than a high school diploma |
1,491 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
4.70 |
- |
4.47 |
High school graduates, no college |
8,591 |
34.5 |
34.0 |
35.7 |
1.39 |
1.38 |
1.42 |
4.02 |
4.05 |
3.96 |
Some college or associate degree |
7,891 |
29.5 |
29.7 |
28.9 |
1.05 |
1.05 |
1.06 |
3.57 |
3.53 |
3.69 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
15,511 |
23.3 |
22.7 |
24.8 |
0.75 |
0.78 |
0.68 |
3.20 |
3.42 |
2.75 |
|
Parent of household children under 18 years |
|
Parent of one or more household children |
7,836 |
18.7 |
20.7 |
13.9 |
0.44 |
0.50 |
0.32 |
2.38 |
2.41 |
2.26 |
Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger |
5,344 |
21.8 |
24.3 |
15.3 |
0.57 |
0.66 |
0.32 |
2.60 |
2.73 |
2.08 |
Parent of a household child under age 6 |
2,493 |
12.1 |
12.4 |
11.3 |
0.18 |
- |
- |
1.52 |
- |
2.73 |
Not a parent of a household child |
29,270 |
29.8 |
29.1 |
31.6 |
1.13 |
1.13 |
1.14 |
3.79 |
3.88 |
3.60 |
|
Marital status |
|
No spouse or unmarried partner present in household |
14,594 |
29.6 |
28.4 |
32.4 |
0.88 |
0.78 |
1.11 |
2.96 |
2.76 |
3.41 |
Spouse or unmarried partner present in household |
22,513 |
26.1 |
26.7 |
24.5 |
1.06 |
1.14 |
0.85 |
4.05 |
4.25 |
3.48 |
|
Number of care recipients |
|
Caring for one person |
26,389 |
30.2 |
29.7 |
31.4 |
1.12 |
1.11 |
1.14 |
3.69 |
3.73 |
3.62 |
Caring for two persons |
7,941 |
20.7 |
22.8 |
15.0 |
0.70 |
0.78 |
0.48 |
3.36 |
3.40 |
3.20 |
Caring for three or more persons |
2,776 |
20.5 |
18.8 |
25.4 |
0.57 |
- |
- |
2.78 |
3.30 |
- |
|
Relationship to care recipient |
|
Eldercare providers caring for one person only |
26,389 |
30.2 |
29.7 |
31.4 |
1.12 |
1.11 |
1.14 |
3.69 |
3.73 |
3.62 |
Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner |
2,563 |
66.3 |
69.3 |
- |
4.04 |
4.26 |
3.47 |
6.10 |
6.14 |
5.97 |
Caring for a parent |
11,522 |
30.9 |
29.0 |
35.4 |
0.95 |
0.83 |
1.23 |
3.07 |
2.87 |
3.48 |
Caring for a grandparent |
3,813 |
19.0 |
15.6 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Caring for another related person |
4,640 |
24.8 |
26.0 |
22.3 |
0.90 |
0.90 |
0.90 |
3.63 |
3.46 |
4.04 |
Caring for a friend or neighbor |
3,171 |
15.8 |
16.3 |
14.5 |
0.42 |
- |
0.19 |
2.64 |
3.03 |
1.32 |
|
Age of care recipient |
|
Eldercare providers caring for one person only |
26,389 |
30.2 |
29.7 |
31.4 |
1.12 |
1.11 |
1.14 |
3.69 |
3.73 |
3.62 |
Caring for someone age 65 to 69 |
3,350 |
35.9 |
- |
24.9 |
1.54 |
1.59 |
- |
4.28 |
4.02 |
5.49 |
Caring for someone age 70 to 74 |
4,042 |
29.7 |
- |
28.9 |
1.33 |
1.29 |
1.44 |
4.49 |
4.30 |
4.97 |
Caring for someone age 75 to 79 |
4,891 |
30.6 |
32.0 |
27.4 |
1.20 |
1.27 |
1.04 |
3.94 |
3.99 |
3.80 |
Caring for someone age 80 to 84 |
4,800 |
29.2 |
26.2 |
- |
0.71 |
0.63 |
0.93 |
2.43 |
2.39 |
2.51 |
Caring for someone age 85 or older |
9,307 |
28.7 |
26.5 |
33.8 |
1.04 |
1.01 |
1.09 |
3.60 |
3.81 |
3.24 |
|
Care of household or nonhousehold members |
|
Provided eldercare to household member(s) only |
6,464 |
65.7 |
67.7 |
60.5 |
2.88 |
2.80 |
3.11 |
4.39 |
4.13 |
5.13 |
Provided eldercare to nonhousehold member(s) only |
30,212 |
18.8 |
18.2 |
20.5 |
0.58 |
0.61 |
0.49 |
3.05 |
3.35 |
2.39 |
|
Frequency of care |
|
Provided care daily |
9,022 |
65.4 |
66.4 |
63.0 |
2.83 |
2.86 |
2.73 |
4.32 |
4.31 |
4.34 |
Provided care several times a week |
8,916 |
26.9 |
27.4 |
25.7 |
0.72 |
0.74 |
0.67 |
2.67 |
2.69 |
2.61 |
Provided care once a week |
5,967 |
13.3 |
12.5 |
15.3 |
0.29 |
- |
0.28 |
2.17 |
2.33 |
1.86 |
Provided care several times a month |
7,787 |
12.4 |
10.7 |
16.8 |
0.33 |
- |
0.40 |
2.64 |
- |
2.38 |
Provided care once a month |
3,712 |
2.3 |
1.4 |
4.4 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Duration of care |
|
Provided care for less than 1 year |
8,190 |
21.1 |
21.5 |
20.4 |
0.93 |
0.97 |
0.85 |
4.40 |
4.51 |
4.16 |
Provided care for 1 to 2 years |
10,200 |
29.5 |
29.4 |
29.7 |
0.97 |
1.00 |
0.86 |
3.27 |
3.41 |
2.90 |
Provided care for 3 to 4 years |
6,252 |
25.7 |
24.4 |
28.9 |
0.87 |
0.78 |
1.07 |
3.37 |
3.21 |
3.69 |
Provided care for 5 to 9 years |
6,796 |
27.9 |
27.9 |
28.1 |
1.15 |
1.20 |
1.01 |
4.10 |
4.32 |
3.61 |
Provided care for 10 years or more |
5,669 |
34.3 |
33.9 |
- |
1.04 |
1.02 |
1.10 |
3.04 |
3.02 |
3.12 |
|
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.
|
Table 5. Time spent providing eldercare and percent of eldercare providers engaging in caregiving by sex and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
| Caregiving activity |
Eldercare providers |
| Percent distribution of time spent in selected eldercare activities |
On days they provided care |
| Total |
Men |
Women |
Percent who engaged in
caregiving activity |
Average hours spent providing care |
| Total |
Men |
Women |
Total |
Men |
Women |
Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
- |
- |
- |
3.59 |
3.61 |
3.58 |
Eating and drinking |
6.3 |
6.8 |
6.0 |
23.0 |
25.8 |
21.1 |
0.23 |
0.25 |
0.21 |
Household activities |
19.5 |
21.1 |
18.5 |
39.9 |
42.5 |
38.1 |
0.70 |
0.76 |
0.66 |
Housework |
6.1 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
15.0 |
15.6 |
14.6 |
0.22 |
0.22 |
0.22 |
Food preparation and cleanup |
8.6 |
6.8 |
9.7 |
26.9 |
25.2 |
28.0 |
0.31 |
0.25 |
0.35 |
Lawn and garden care |
1.7 |
3.2 |
0.7 |
2.7 |
4.3 |
1.6 |
0.06 |
0.12 |
- |
Household management |
0.9 |
0.5 |
1.2 |
5.5 |
4.4 |
6.3 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
Purchasing goods and services |
3.3 |
2.2 |
4.1 |
12.8 |
8.3 |
15.9 |
0.12 |
0.08 |
0.15 |
Caring for and helping household members |
12.4 |
9.1 |
14.6 |
22.4 |
19.9 |
24.1 |
0.44 |
- |
0.52 |
Caring for household adults |
11.3 |
7.9 |
13.6 |
19.1 |
15.7 |
21.3 |
0.41 |
- |
0.49 |
Physical care for household adults |
7.6 |
3.3 |
10.5 |
12.6 |
10.3 |
14.2 |
- |
0.12 |
- |
Providing medical care to household adults |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.9 |
7.1 |
3.9 |
9.3 |
0.02 |
- |
0.03 |
Helping household adults |
0.7 |
0.2 |
1.0 |
4.4 |
4.1 |
4.7 |
0.02 |
- |
0.03 |
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members |
11.7 |
9.1 |
13.5 |
25.4 |
19.5 |
29.4 |
0.42 |
0.33 |
0.48 |
Caring for nonhousehold adults |
5.7 |
5.9 |
5.6 |
10.3 |
6.2 |
13.1 |
0.21 |
- |
0.20 |
Physical care for nonhousehold adults |
2.0 |
1.4 |
2.4 |
4.3 |
1.8 |
6.0 |
0.07 |
- |
0.08 |
Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
3.2 |
2.2 |
3.9 |
0.01 |
- |
0.02 |
Helping nonhousehold adults |
5.8 |
3.1 |
7.7 |
17.6 |
14.4 |
19.8 |
0.21 |
0.11 |
0.28 |
Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults |
2.2 |
0.5 |
3.4 |
6.9 |
2.1 |
10.1 |
0.08 |
- |
0.12 |
House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.2 |
3.6 |
5.9 |
2.1 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
0.04 |
Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
5.3 |
3.4 |
6.6 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
Working and work-related activities |
3.9 |
2.1 |
5.1 |
2.8 |
2.0 |
3.4 |
0.14 |
- |
0.18 |
Organizational, civic, and religious activities |
2.4 |
4.2 |
1.1 |
3.5 |
4.6 |
2.7 |
0.09 |
- |
0.04 |
Leisure and sports |
31.5 |
39.1 |
26.4 |
34.0 |
37.1 |
31.9 |
1.13 |
1.41 |
0.94 |
Socializing and communicating |
9.6 |
8.4 |
10.5 |
18.6 |
20.3 |
17.4 |
0.35 |
0.30 |
0.37 |
Watching TV |
15.5 |
21.3 |
11.6 |
14.3 |
16.8 |
12.6 |
0.56 |
0.77 |
0.41 |
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation |
0.7 |
1.0 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
0.02 |
- |
- |
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail |
1.5 |
0.5 |
2.2 |
6.5 |
2.7 |
9.0 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
0.08 |
Traveling |
5.1 |
4.0 |
5.8 |
24.6 |
20.3 |
27.5 |
0.18 |
0.14 |
0.21 |
Other activities, not elsewhere classified |
2.3 |
1.8 |
2.7 |
5.1 |
3.3 |
6.4 |
0.08 |
- |
0.10 |
|
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
|
Table 6. Time spent providing eldercare and percent of eldercare providers engaging in caregiving by day of week and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
| Caregiving activity |
Eldercare providers |
Percent distribution of time spent in selected
eldercare activities |
On days they provided care |
| Total |
Weekdays |
Weekends and holidays |
Percent who engaged in
caregiving activity |
Average hours spent providing care |
| Total |
Weekdays |
Weekends and holidays |
Total |
Weekdays |
Weekends and holidays |
Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
- |
- |
- |
3.59 |
3.65 |
3.45 |
Eating and drinking |
6.3 |
5.5 |
8.6 |
23.0 |
22.1 |
25.1 |
0.23 |
0.20 |
0.30 |
Household activities |
19.5 |
18.9 |
21.2 |
39.9 |
39.6 |
40.5 |
0.70 |
0.69 |
0.73 |
Housework |
6.1 |
6.1 |
6.2 |
15.0 |
16.3 |
11.9 |
0.22 |
0.22 |
0.21 |
Food preparation and cleanup |
8.6 |
7.8 |
10.6 |
26.9 |
26.0 |
29.0 |
0.31 |
0.28 |
0.36 |
Lawn and garden care |
1.7 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
2.3 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
Household management |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
5.5 |
5.8 |
4.8 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
Purchasing goods and services |
3.3 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
12.8 |
13.7 |
10.8 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
Caring for and helping household members |
12.4 |
15.4 |
4.4 |
22.4 |
25.8 |
13.8 |
0.44 |
0.56 |
0.15 |
Caring for household adults |
11.3 |
14.1 |
3.9 |
19.1 |
22.1 |
11.6 |
0.41 |
0.51 |
0.14 |
Physical care for household adults |
7.6 |
9.4 |
3.0 |
12.6 |
14.1 |
9.0 |
- |
- |
0.11 |
Providing medical care to household adults |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
7.1 |
8.2 |
4.5 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
Helping household adults |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
4.4 |
5.4 |
2.1 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
- |
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members |
11.7 |
12.1 |
10.5 |
25.4 |
22.5 |
32.7 |
0.42 |
0.44 |
0.36 |
Caring for nonhousehold adults |
5.7 |
6.7 |
3.2 |
10.3 |
10.6 |
9.7 |
0.21 |
0.24 |
0.11 |
Physical care for nonhousehold adults |
2.0 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
4.3 |
4.0 |
5.1 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.06 |
Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
- |
Helping nonhousehold adults |
5.8 |
5.4 |
6.9 |
17.6 |
15.3 |
23.4 |
0.21 |
0.20 |
0.24 |
Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults |
2.2 |
2.1 |
2.5 |
6.9 |
6.3 |
8.4 |
0.08 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.9 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
3.9 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
5.3 |
4.2 |
8.2 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
Working and work-related activities |
3.9 |
5.1 |
0.6 |
2.8 |
3.5 |
1.2 |
0.14 |
0.19 |
- |
Organizational, civic, and religious activities |
2.4 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
0.09 |
0.09 |
0.07 |
Leisure and sports |
31.5 |
27.3 |
42.8 |
34.0 |
33.5 |
35.3 |
1.13 |
0.99 |
1.47 |
Socializing and communicating |
9.6 |
8.3 |
13.0 |
18.6 |
19.0 |
17.7 |
0.35 |
0.30 |
0.45 |
Watching TV |
15.5 |
13.6 |
20.4 |
14.3 |
13.6 |
16.1 |
0.56 |
0.50 |
0.71 |
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation |
0.7 |
0.5 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
2.2 |
0.02 |
- |
- |
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail |
1.5 |
1.8 |
0.9 |
6.5 |
6.8 |
5.6 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
0.03 |
Traveling |
5.1 |
5.5 |
4.1 |
24.6 |
25.3 |
22.8 |
0.18 |
0.20 |
0.14 |
Other activities, not elsewhere classified |
2.3 |
2.7 |
1.4 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
4.8 |
0.08 |
0.10 |
0.05 |
|
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
|
Table 7. Percent of eldercare providers and time spent in caregiving on days they provided care by frequency of care and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
| Caregiving activity |
Percent of eldercare providers who engaged in caregiving activities, on days they provided care |
Average hours per day eldercare providers spent providing care on days they engaged in eldercare |
| Total |
Frequency of care |
Total |
Frequency of care |
| Daily |
Several times per week |
Once a week or less |
Daily |
Several times per week |
Once a week or less |
Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3.59 |
4.32 |
2.67 |
2.46 |
Eating and drinking |
23.0 |
31.6 |
9.3 |
13.6 |
0.23 |
0.30 |
0.08 |
0.19 |
Household activities |
39.9 |
49.2 |
- |
20.0 |
0.70 |
1.00 |
0.31 |
0.27 |
Housework |
15.0 |
18.4 |
- |
6.3 |
0.22 |
0.32 |
0.07 |
- |
Food preparation and cleanup |
26.9 |
38.5 |
14.5 |
6.6 |
0.31 |
0.45 |
0.13 |
- |
Lawn and garden care |
2.7 |
3.4 |
0.8 |
3.0 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
- |
- |
Household management |
5.5 |
4.2 |
10.1 |
3.8 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
- |
- |
Purchasing goods and services |
12.8 |
11.8 |
16.5 |
10.4 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
Caring for and helping household members |
22.4 |
34.7 |
3.8 |
7.6 |
0.44 |
0.75 |
- |
- |
Caring for household adults |
19.1 |
30.9 |
3.3 |
2.3 |
0.41 |
0.69 |
- |
- |
Physical care for household adults |
12.6 |
21.7 |
0.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Providing medical care to household adults |
7.1 |
11.8 |
1.0 |
0.3 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
- |
- |
Helping household adults |
4.4 |
6.1 |
0.6 |
4.0 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
- |
- |
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members |
25.4 |
14.4 |
36.5 |
- |
0.42 |
0.24 |
0.59 |
0.77 |
Caring for nonhousehold adults |
10.3 |
6.6 |
14.2 |
16.4 |
0.21 |
0.11 |
- |
- |
Physical care for nonhousehold adults |
4.3 |
2.4 |
6.2 |
6.9 |
0.07 |
0.03 |
- |
- |
Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults |
3.2 |
2.9 |
4.2 |
3.1 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
- |
- |
Helping nonhousehold adults |
17.6 |
8.5 |
27.7 |
33.9 |
0.21 |
0.12 |
0.32 |
0.37 |
Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults |
6.9 |
4.3 |
11.2 |
9.8 |
0.08 |
0.04 |
0.16 |
0.10 |
House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults |
3.6 |
1.4 |
4.5 |
9.6 |
0.05 |
- |
0.06 |
0.17 |
Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults |
5.3 |
1.9 |
9.0 |
11.5 |
0.01 |
- |
0.03 |
0.02 |
Working and work-related activities |
2.8 |
1.6 |
5.3 |
3.7 |
0.14 |
- |
- |
- |
Organizational, civic, and religious activities |
3.5 |
3.1 |
5.8 |
1.6 |
0.09 |
0.07 |
- |
- |
Leisure and sports |
34.0 |
36.5 |
34.6 |
24.8 |
1.13 |
1.42 |
0.75 |
0.72 |
Socializing and communicating |
18.6 |
13.9 |
28.1 |
20.4 |
0.35 |
0.24 |
0.47 |
0.51 |
Watching TV |
14.3 |
22.3 |
4.0 |
2.4 |
0.56 |
0.85 |
0.19 |
- |
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
- |
- |
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail |
6.5 |
7.4 |
3.8 |
7.1 |
0.05 |
0.07 |
0.04 |
- |
Traveling |
24.6 |
20.0 |
32.9 |
27.8 |
0.18 |
0.17 |
0.20 |
0.18 |
Other activities, not elsewhere classified |
5.1 |
6.6 |
2.8 |
3.6 |
0.08 |
0.11 |
- |
- |
|
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
|
Table 8. Percent of eldercare providers who cared for one person only by age of eldercare recipient and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
| Caregiving activity |
Percent of eldercare providers who cared for one person only,
on days they provided care |
| Total |
Age of care recipient |
| 65 to 74 |
75 to 84 |
85 or older |
Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Eating and drinking |
24.9 |
- |
20.5 |
23.3 |
Household activities |
43.4 |
- |
41.0 |
41.9 |
Housework |
16.3 |
- |
14.1 |
13.2 |
Food preparation and cleanup |
29.9 |
32.8 |
27.8 |
29.5 |
Lawn and garden care |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
2.3 |
Household management |
6.5 |
5.1 |
6.8 |
7.3 |
Purchasing goods and services |
12.9 |
13.7 |
14.5 |
10.5 |
Caring for and helping household members |
24.4 |
- |
18.9 |
18.6 |
Caring for household adults |
22.0 |
- |
16.5 |
18.4 |
Physical care for household adults |
15.2 |
21.1 |
11.7 |
13.7 |
Providing medical care to household adults |
8.5 |
12.8 |
6.1 |
7.4 |
Helping household adults |
3.3 |
5.3 |
3.2 |
1.7 |
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members |
22.8 |
12.0 |
26.7 |
28.3 |
Caring for nonhousehold adults |
8.9 |
5.5 |
10.0 |
10.9 |
Physical care for nonhousehold adults |
3.8 |
3.2 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults |
2.7 |
3.6 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
Helping nonhousehold adults |
15.9 |
7.0 |
19.6 |
19.9 |
Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults |
6.7 |
2.8 |
9.1 |
7.5 |
House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults |
3.5 |
1.2 |
4.8 |
4.1 |
Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults |
4.1 |
1.4 |
4.2 |
6.6 |
Working and work-related activities |
2.0 |
2.7 |
0.6 |
3.0 |
Organizational, civic, and religious activities |
3.0 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
4.2 |
Leisure and sports |
36.7 |
- |
34.9 |
40.3 |
Socializing and communicating |
19.4 |
14.3 |
14.2 |
29.5 |
Watching TV |
16.7 |
23.2 |
17.3 |
10.3 |
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation |
1.7 |
2.5 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail |
6.7 |
3.9 |
8.6 |
7.0 |
Traveling |
23.0 |
19.2 |
25.9 |
23.2 |
Other activities, not elsewhere classified |
5.6 |
10.5 |
4.2 |
2.8 |
|
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
|
Table 9. Number and percent of eldercare providers who were parents of household children under age 18 by sex and selected characteristics, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
[Numbers in thousands]
| Characteristic |
Eldercare providers with children under age 18 living at home |
| Total |
Men |
Women |
| Number |
Percent |
Number |
Percent |
Number |
Percent |
Parent of household children under 18 years |
|
Total, parent of one or more household children |
7,836 |
100.0 |
3,118 |
100.0 |
4,718 |
100.0 |
Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger |
5,344 |
68.2 |
2,011 |
64.5 |
3,333 |
70.6 |
Parent of a household child under age 6 |
2,493 |
31.8 |
1,107 |
35.5 |
1,385 |
29.4 |
|
Employment status |
|
Employed |
6,454 |
82.4 |
2,841 |
91.1 |
3,613 |
76.6 |
Full-time workers |
5,550 |
70.8 |
2,707 |
86.8 |
2,843 |
60.3 |
Part-time workers |
904 |
11.5 |
134 |
4.3 |
770 |
16.3 |
Not employed |
1,382 |
17.6 |
277 |
8.9 |
1,105 |
23.4 |
|
Marital status |
|
No spouse or unmarried partner present in household |
1,045 |
13.3 |
247 |
7.9 |
798 |
16.9 |
Spouse or unmarried partner present in household |
6,791 |
86.7 |
2,871 |
92.1 |
3,920 |
83.1 |
|
Number of care recipients |
|
Caring for one person |
4,717 |
60.2 |
1,984 |
63.6 |
2,733 |
57.9 |
Caring for two persons |
2,449 |
31.2 |
832 |
26.7 |
1,617 |
34.3 |
Caring for three or more persons |
671 |
8.6 |
303 |
9.7 |
369 |
7.8 |
|
Relationship to care recipient |
|
Total, all eldercare providers |
7,836 |
- |
3,118 |
- |
4,718 |
- |
Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner |
6 |
0.1 |
- |
- |
6 |
0.1 |
Caring for a parent |
4,458 |
56.9 |
1,843 |
59.1 |
2,614 |
55.4 |
Caring for a grandparent |
1,562 |
19.9 |
398 |
12.8 |
1,164 |
24.7 |
Caring for another related person |
2,044 |
26.1 |
846 |
27.1 |
1,197 |
25.4 |
Caring for a friend or neighbor |
680 |
8.7 |
312 |
10.0 |
369 |
7.8 |
Caring for someone else |
288 |
3.7 |
118 |
3.8 |
171 |
3.6 |
|
Age of care recipient |
|
Total, all eldercare providers |
7,836 |
- |
3,118 |
- |
4,718 |
- |
Caring for someone age 65 to 69 |
1,908 |
24.3 |
767 |
24.6 |
1,141 |
24.2 |
Caring for someone age 70 to 74 |
2,139 |
27.3 |
874 |
28.0 |
1,265 |
26.8 |
Caring for someone age 75 to 79 |
1,916 |
24.5 |
848 |
27.2 |
1,068 |
22.6 |
Caring for someone age 80 to 84 |
1,917 |
24.5 |
622 |
20.0 |
1,295 |
27.5 |
Caring for someone age 85 or older |
1,925 |
24.6 |
712 |
22.8 |
1,213 |
25.7 |
|
Care of household or nonhousehold members |
|
Provided eldercare to household member(s) only |
669 |
8.5 |
262 |
8.4 |
407 |
8.6 |
Provided eldercare to nonhousehold member(s) only |
7,168 |
91.5 |
2,857 |
91.6 |
4,311 |
91.4 |
|
Frequency of care |
|
Provided care daily |
1,093 |
13.9 |
394 |
12.6 |
699 |
14.8 |
Provided care several times a week |
1,865 |
23.8 |
884 |
28.4 |
980 |
20.8 |
Provided care once a week |
1,634 |
20.9 |
571 |
18.3 |
1,063 |
22.5 |
Provided care several times a month |
1,769 |
22.6 |
616 |
19.7 |
1,154 |
24.4 |
Provided care once a month |
1,100 |
14.0 |
536 |
17.2 |
563 |
11.9 |
Other |
376 |
4.8 |
117 |
3.8 |
259 |
5.5 |
|
Duration of care |
|
Provided care for less than 1 year |
1,725 |
22.0 |
645 |
20.7 |
1,080 |
22.9 |
Provided care for 1 to 2 years |
2,218 |
28.3 |
822 |
26.4 |
1,395 |
29.6 |
Provided care for 3 to 4 years |
1,269 |
16.2 |
480 |
15.4 |
789 |
16.7 |
Provided care for 5 to 9 years |
1,467 |
18.7 |
585 |
18.7 |
883 |
18.7 |
Provided care for 10 years or more |
1,157 |
14.8 |
586 |
18.8 |
571 |
12.1 |
|
NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
|
United States Department of Labor
