Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Economic News Release
PRINT:Print
ATUS ATUS Program Links

Unpaid Eldercare in the United States News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, September 21, 2023					   USDL-23-2025

Technical information:	(202) 691-6339  *  atusinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/tus
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


			 UNPAID ELDERCARE IN THE UNITED STATES -- 2021-2022
			       DATA FROM THE AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY


Fourteen percent of the civilian noninstitutional population age 15 and over, or 37.1 million people, provided
unpaid eldercare, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. A little over one-fourth (28 percent)
of eldercare providers engaged in unpaid eldercare on a given day, spending an average of 3.6 hours providing
this care. These estimates are averages for the 2-year period of 2021-22.

Eldercare providers are defined as individuals who provide unpaid care to someone age 65 or older who needs
help because of a condition related to aging. This care can be provided to household or nonhousehold members,
as well as persons living in retirement homes or assisted care facilities. Eldercare can involve a range of
care activities, such as assisting with grooming, preparing meals, and providing transportation. Eldercare
also can involve providing companionship or being available to assist when help is needed, and thus it can
be associated with nearly any activity.

Information about eldercare providers and the time they spend providing care are collected as part of the
American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS is a continuous household survey that provides estimates on how
people spend their time. For a description of ATUS data, concepts, and methodology, see the Technical Note.

Eldercare providers in 2021-22

 --Of the 37.1 million eldercare providers in the civilian noninstitutional population age 15 and over, the
   majority (59 percent) were women. (See table 1.)

 --Individuals ages 45 to 54 (20 percent) and 55 to 64 (21 percent) were the most likely to provide eldercare,
   followed by those ages 65 and over (15 percent). (See table 1.)

 --Fifty percent of eldercare providers had provided this care for 2 years or less, and 15 percent had provided
   care for 10 years or more. (See table 2.)

 --Nearly one-half of eldercare providers provided care at least several times a week, and almost one-quarter
   provided care daily. (See table 2.)

 --Thirty-seven percent of eldercare providers cared for someone age 85 or older, while 15 percent provided
   care for someone age 65 to 69. (See table 2.)

 --Over half of eldercare providers ages 25 to 34 cared for a grandparent, while the majority of providers
   ages 35 to 64 cared for a parent. Providers ages 65 and over were more likely than those in other age groups
   to care for a friend or neighbor. (See table 3.)

 --Seventeen percent of eldercare providers cared solely for someone with whom they lived, and 81 percent cared
   solely for someone with whom they did not live. (See table 2.) 

Time spent providing eldercare in 2021-22

 --On a given day, a little over one-fourth (28 percent) of eldercare providers engaged in eldercare. They spent
   an average of 3.6 hours in caregiving activities on days they provided care. (See table 4.)

 --Compared with those in other age groups, eldercare providers who were ages 65 and older were the most likely
   to provide care on a given day (38 percent). On days they provided care, they spent 4.9 hours doing so. (See 
   table 4.)

 --Those who provided eldercare for someone solely in their household were more than three times as likely to
   provide eldercare on a given day than those who provided care solely for someone living in another household--
   66 percent compared with 19 percent. They also spent more time providing this care on an average day--2.9 hours
   compared to 35 minutes a day. (See table 4.)

 --Eldercare providers who cared solely for a parent spent an average of 1 hour per day providing eldercare
   (includes days they did and did not provide care). (See table 4.)

 --Providers who were not employed spent more time providing eldercare (4.4 hours) than employed providers (2.8
   hours) on days they provided care. (See table 4.)

 --Among eldercare providers, women and men were about equally likely to provide eldercare on a given day--28
   percent of female eldercare providers and 27 percent of male eldercare providers engaged in eldercare 
   activities on an average day. On days they provided care, they spent the same amount of time providing this
   care (3.6 hours). (See table 4.)

Eldercare activities in 2021-22

 --On days they provided care, 40 percent of eldercare providers engaged in caregiving associated with household
   activities, spending on average 42 minutes per day in these activities. This includes 27 percent of providers
   who engaged in eldercare associated with food preparation and cleanup and 15 percent who provided eldercare
   associated with housework. (See table 5.) 

 --Thirty-four percent of eldercare providers engaged in caregiving associated with leisure and sports on days
   they provided care, spending 1.1 hours per day in these activities. This includes 19 percent of eldercare
   providers who engaged in eldercare associated with socializing and communicating, spending 21 minutes per
   day in these activities. (See table 5.)

Eldercare providers who were parents with children under age 18 living at home in 2021-22

 --There were 7.8 million eldercare providers who were parents of children living at home. Of these parents,
   about one-third (32 percent) had a child under age 6, and the remainder (68 percent) were parents whose 
   youngest child was between the ages of 6 and 17. (See table 9.) 

 --Fifty-seven percent of eldercare providers who were parents of children living at home provided care for
   their own parent. These persons sometimes are described as members of the “sandwich generation,” because
   they are in between two generations that require care. (See table 9.)

 --Most (82 percent) eldercare providers who were parents were employed, and 71 percent were employed full 
   time. Eighty-seven percent of fathers were employed full time, compared with 60 percent of mothers. (See
   table 9.)  

 --Thirteen percent of eldercare providers who were parents had no spouse or unmarried partner present in the
   household. (See table 9.) 

 --Eldercare providers who were parents were less likely to provide daily care than the overall population of
   eldercare providers (14 percent compared with 24 percent) but just as likely to provide care several times
   a week (24 percent). (See tables 2 and 9.)

 --On a given day, 19 percent of eldercare providers who were also parents of children living at home
   engaged in eldercare. On days they provided eldercare, they spent 2.4 hours doing so. (See table 4.)




Technical Note

   The estimates in this release are from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS, which is conducted
by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a continuous survey about how 
individuals age 15 and over spend their time. In the 2-year period of 2021–22, approximately 17,000
individuals were interviewed for the ATUS; of these, approximately 2,500 individuals were identified as
eldercare providers. Data for the combined years of 2021–22 were used to facilitate a more in-depth analysis
of eldercare.   
   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services. 

Survey methodology 

   ATUS sample households are chosen from the households that completed their eighth (final) interview for the
Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation’s monthly labor force survey. ATUS sample households are selected
to ensure that estimates will be nationally representative of the civilian noninstitutional population. One 
individual age 15 or over--referred to as the designated person--is randomly chosen from each sampled household.
This person is interviewed by telephone once about his or her activities on the day before the interview.  
   All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. Procedures are in place to
collect information from the small number of households that did not provide a telephone number during the CPS
interview.   
   ATUS designated persons are preassigned a day of the week about which to report. Preassignment is designed to
reduce variability in response rates across the week and to allow oversampling of weekend days so that accurate
weekend day measures can be developed. Interviews occur on the day following the assigned day. For example, a
person assigned to report about a Monday would be contacted on the following Tuesday. Ten percent of designated
persons are assigned to report about each of the five weekdays. Twenty-five percent are assigned to report about
each weekend day. Households are called for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for example, 8 Tuesdays) in order to
secure an interview.

About the questionnaire   

   In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, survey respondents sequentially report activities they did
between 4 a.m. on the day before the interview until 4 a.m. on the day of the interview. For each activity,
respondents are asked how long the activity lasted. For activities other than personal care activities (such as
sleeping and grooming), interviewers also ask respondents where they were and who was in the room with them (if
at home) or who accompanied them (if away from home). If respondents report doing more than one activity at a
time, they are asked to identify which one was their main activity. If none can be identified, the interviewer
records the first activity mentioned. After completing the time diary, interviewers ask additional questions, 
including questions to identify eldercare providers and activities done as eldercare. Questions on eldercare
were added to the survey in 2011.  
   After completing the interview, activity descriptions are assigned a single 6-digit code using the ATUS Coding
Lexicon. The 3-tier coding system consists of 17 major activity categories, each with multiple second- and third-
tier subcategories. These coding lexicon categories are then combined into composite categories for publication.
Descriptions of categories shown in this release can be found in the Activity definitions section of this Technical
Note. The ATUS Coding Lexicons can be accessed at www.bls.gov/tus/lexicons.htm.

Concepts and definitions

   Average day. The average day measure reflects an average distribution across all persons in the reference
population and all days of the week.

   Average hours per day. The average number of hours spent in a 24-hour day (between 4 a.m. on the diary day
and 4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a specified activity.

	--Average hours per day, population. The average number of hours per day is computed using all responses
	  from a given population, including those of respondents who did not do a particular activity on their
	  diary day. These estimates reflect how many population members engaged in an activity and the amount
	  of time they spent doing it.

	--Average hours per day, persons who did the activity. The average number of hours per day is computed
	  using only responses from those who engaged in a particular activity on their diary day.

   Condition related to aging. An ongoing ailment or physical or emotional limitation that typically affects older
people, such as becoming more frail; having difficulty seeing, hearing, or physically moving; becoming more forgetful;
tiring more quickly; or having specific medical ailments that are more common among older adults. It also refers to
existing conditions that become progressively worse as one ages.

   Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the respondent reports. For example, the diary day of a respondent
interviewed on Tuesday is Monday.
 
   Eldercare. Eldercare is providing unpaid care or assistance to an individual who needed help because of a
condition related to aging. This care can be provided by a family member or non-family member. Care can be provided
in the recipient’s home, the provider’s home, or a care facility such as a nursing home.
   Eldercare can involve a range of care activities, such as assisting with grooming and feeding, preparing meals,
arranging medical care, and providing transportation. Eldercare also can involve providing companionship or being
available to assist when help is needed, and thus it can be associated with nearly any activity.
   Estimates of the time spent providing eldercare are derived by summing the durations of activities during which
respondents provided care or assistance for an adult who needed help because of a condition related to aging. These
estimates never include times the respondent reported sleeping, grooming, or engaging in personal care services.

   Eldercare provider. An individual who provided eldercare more than one time in the 3 to 4 months prior to the 
interview day. The time frame varies slightly by respondent because the question asks about care provided between the
first day of a given reference month and the interview day. Estimates are restricted to eldercare providers caring
for at least one person age 65 or older.

Employment status

 --Employed. All persons who:

    1) At any time during the 7 days prior to the interview did any work at all as paid employees, or worked in
    their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

    2) Were not working during the 7 days prior to the interview but had jobs or businesses from which they were
    temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labor-management disputes,
    maternity or paternity leave, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid
    for the time off or were seeking other jobs; or

    3) Usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise.

 --Employed full time. Full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 or more hours per week at all jobs combined.

 --Employed part time. Part-time workers are those who usually worked fewer than 35 hours per week at all jobs combined.

 --Not employed. Persons are not employed if they do not meet the conditions for employment. People who are not employed
   include those classified as unemployed as well as those classified as not in the labor force (using CPS definitions).

   Household children. Household children are children under age 18 residing in the household of the ATUS respondent. The
children may be related to the respondent (such as his or her own children, grandchildren, nieces or nephews, or brothers
or sisters) or not related (such as foster children or children of roommates or boarders).

   Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity a respondent was doing at a specified time. 

   Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates. Estimates for weekdays are an average of reports about Monday through Friday,
excluding holidays. Estimates for weekend days and holidays are an average of reports about Saturdays, Sundays, and the
following holidays:  New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas
Day. Data were not collected about the Fourth of July in 2021 and Christmas Day in 2022.

Activity definitions

   The following definitions describe the activities associated with eldercare appearing in this release.  These are diary
activities that survey respondents identified as ones during which they had provided care or assistance for an adult who
needed help because of a condition related to aging.  

   Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking (except eating and drinking done as part of a work or volunteer
activity) is classified here.

   Household activities. Household activities are activities done by people to maintain their households. These include
housework; cooking; lawn and garden care; pet care; vehicle maintenance and repair; home maintenance, repair, decoration,
and renovation; and household management and organizational activities (such as filling out paperwork or planning a
party). Food preparation, whether or not reported as done specifically for another household member, is always classified
as a household activity unless it was done as a volunteer, work, or income-generating activity, or when done for a
nonhousehold member. 

   Purchasing goods and services. This category includes time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing consumer goods,
professional services, household services, and government services. Consumer purchases include most purchases and rentals
of consumer goods. Professional services refer to financial services and banking, legal services, medical and adult care
services, real estate services, and veterinary services. Household services include housecleaning; cooking; lawn care and
landscaping; pet care; tailoring, laundering, and dry cleaning; vehicle maintenance and repairs; and home repairs, 
maintenance, and construction. This category also captures the time spent obtaining government services--such as applying
for food stamps--and purchasing government-required licenses or paying fines or fees.

   Caring for and helping household members. Time spent doing activities to care for members of the household, regardless
of relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the person being helped, is classified here.
This category includes a range of activities done to benefit members of households, such as providing physical and medical
care or obtaining medical services.

   Caring for and helping nonhousehold members. This category includes time spent in activities done to care for or help
individuals who do not live in the household. When done for or through an organization, time spent helping nonhousehold
members is classified as volunteering, rather than as helping nonhousehold members.

   Working and work-related activities. This category includes time spent working, doing activities as part of one's job,
engaging in income-generating activities not as part of one's job, and job search activities. "Working" includes hours 
spent doing the specific tasks required of one's main or other job, regardless of location or time of day. "Work-related
activities" include activities that are not obviously work but are done as part of one's job, such as having a business
lunch and playing golf with clients. "Other income-generating activities" are those done "on the side" or under informal
arrangement and are not part of a regular job. Such activities might include selling homemade crafts, maintaining a rental
property, or having a yard sale. These activities are those for which people are paid or will be paid.

   Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This category captures time spent volunteering for or through an
organization, performing civic obligations, and participating in religious and spiritual activities. 

   Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category includes time spent in sports, exercise, and recreation; socializing
and communicating; and other leisure activities. Sports, exercise, and recreation activities include participating in--as
well as attending or watching--sports, exercise, and recreational activities. Recreational activities include yard games
like croquet or horseshoes, as well as activities like billiards and dancing. Socializing and communicating includes
face-to-face social communication and hosting or attending social functions. Leisure activities include watching television;
reading; relaxing or thinking; playing computer, board, or card games; using a computer or the Internet for personal
interest; playing or listening to music; and other activities, such as attending arts, cultural, and entertainment events.

   Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail. This category captures time spent in telephone communication and handling household
or personal mail or e-mail. This category also includes texting and Internet voice and video calling.

   Traveling. This category includes all travel, regardless of mode or purpose, as well as security procedures related to
traveling.

   Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This is a residual category intended to capture activities not elsewhere
classified in each table. These might be ambiguous activities that could not be coded, missing activities, or activities
that occurred very infrequently. Missing activities result when respondents do not remember what they did for a period of
time, or when they consider an activity too private or personal to report. This category includes a small amount of time
that was spent in educational activities, as no educational activities category appears in the tables.

Processing and estimation

   After ATUS data are collected, they go through an editing and imputation procedure. Responses to CPS questions that are
re-asked in the ATUS go through the regular CPS edit and imputation procedures. Some item nonresponses for questions unique
to the ATUS also are imputed.
   ATUS records are weighted quarterly to reduce bias in the estimates due to differences in sampling and response rates
across subpopulations and days of the week. Specifically, the data are weighted to ensure the following:

  --Weekdays represent about 5/7 of the weighted data, and weekend days represent about 2/7 of the weighted data for the
population as a whole and for selected subpopulations. The actual proportions depend on the number of weekdays and weekend
days in a given quarter.

 --The sum of the weights is equal to the number of person-days in the quarter for the population as a whole and for 
selected subpopulations (the population times the number of days in the quarter).

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire
population, is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference
that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate.
   Sample estimates from a given survey design are unbiased when an average of the estimates from all possible samples would
yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample estimate and its standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values that include the true population value with known
probabilities. If the process of selecting a sample from the population were repeated many times, an estimate made from each
sample, and a suitable estimate of its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 90 percent of the 
intervals from 1.645 standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate would include the true
population value. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
   The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error, which is the average difference between population and sample values
for samples generated by a given process. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a
segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Errors also
could occur if nonresponse is correlated with time use.

   Nonsampling error and eldercare. Eldercare done for a spouse or partner may be underreported, especially when the care 
provided has only recently become necessary. For example, a survey respondent who has always prepared the family dinner 
may not view cooking as an eldercare activity; if her husband is no longer capable of preparing his own meals, though, he
depends on this assistance and it meets the definition of eldercare. 

   Additionally, nonsampling error affects data on the frequency of care. Survey respondents were asked how often they
provided eldercare in recent months and whether they provided eldercare on the diary day. Information about care provided
on the diary day was used to calculate daily participation rates. There are some inconsistencies between the reported 
frequency of care and the actual provision of eldercare on an average day. For example, in 2021-2022, only 65 percent of
eldercare providers who self-reported providing care "daily" actually provided eldercare on an average day. This 
discrepancy reflects some respondents’ choice of "daily" rather than "several times a week" or another option to best
describe their eldercare frequency, even while acknowledging they had not provided care on the diary day.

ATUS publication standards

   Estimates of average hours per day and participation rates are not published unless there are a minimum number of
respondents representing the given population. Additional publication criteria are applied that include the number of
respondents who reported doing a specified activity and the standard error or coefficient of variation for the estimate.
Estimates that are considered "close to zero" or that round to 0.00, are published as approximately zero. For a detailed
description of the statistical reliability criteria necessary for publication, please contact ATUS staff at ATUSinfo@bls.gov.




Table 1. Number and percent of the U.S. population who were eldercare providers by sex and selected characteristics, averages for the combined years 2021-2022 [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Total Men Women
Civilian noninstitutional population Eldercare providers Civilian noninstitutional population Eldercare providers Civilian noninstitutional population Eldercare providers
Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population

Age

Total, 15 years and over

266,998 37,106 13.9 129,998 15,216 11.7 137,000 21,890 16.0

15 to 24 years

41,896 3,623 8.6 21,285 1,973 9.3 20,611 1,650 8.0

25 to 34 years

44,459 3,236 7.3 22,179 1,428 6.4 22,280 1,808 8.1

35 to 44 years

42,421 5,031 11.9 21,020 2,125 10.1 21,401 2,906 13.6

45 to 54 years

39,749 7,941 20.0 19,520 2,950 15.1 20,229 4,991 24.7

55 to 64 years

42,014 8,911 21.2 20,404 3,797 18.6 21,610 5,114 23.7

65 years and over

56,459 8,365 14.8 25,590 2,943 11.5 30,869 5,422 17.6

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(1)

White

209,161 30,313 14.5 102,789 12,680 12.3 106,371 17,633 16.6

Black or African American

33,638 4,646 13.8 15,371 1,673 10.9 18,267 2,972 16.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

46,635 3,613 7.7 23,383 1,320 5.6 23,252 2,293 9.9

Employment status

Employed

166,262 22,772 13.7 88,148 10,166 11.5 78,114 12,606 16.1

Full-time workers

132,562 18,424 13.9 74,564 8,616 11.6 57,998 9,808 16.9

Part-time workers

33,700 4,348 12.9 13,584 1,550 11.4 20,116 2,798 13.9

Not employed

100,736 14,334 14.2 41,850 5,050 12.1 58,886 9,284 15.8

Educational attainment, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma

18,797 1,491 7.9 9,557 724 7.6 9,240 767 8.3

High school graduates, no college

64,559 8,591 13.3 33,019 3,952 12.0 31,541 4,639 14.7

Some college or associate degree

48,841 7,891 16.2 22,603 2,829 12.5 26,238 5,062 19.3

Bachelor's degree and higher

92,905 15,511 16.7 43,534 5,738 13.2 49,371 9,772 19.8

Parent of household children under 18 years

Parent of one or more household children

66,261 7,836 11.8 30,433 3,118 10.2 35,828 4,718 13.2

Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger

36,677 5,344 14.6 16,673 2,011 12.1 20,003 3,333 16.7

Parent of a household child under age 6

29,584 2,493 8.4 13,759 1,107 8.0 15,825 1,385 8.8

Not a parent of a household child

200,737 29,270 14.6 99,566 12,098 12.2 101,172 17,172 17.0

Marital status

No spouse or unmarried partner present in household

115,066 14,594 12.7 54,135 6,189 11.4 60,931 8,405 13.8

Spouse or unmarried partner present in household

151,932 22,513 14.8 75,864 9,028 11.9 76,069 13,485 17.7

Footnotes
(1) Not all race categories are shown. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.


Table 2. Eldercare providers by sex and selected characteristics related to care provided, averages for the combined years 2021-2022 [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Eldercare providers
Total Men Women
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total, 15 years and over

37,106 100.0 15,216 100.0 21,890 100.0

Parent of household children under 18 years

Parent of one or more household children

7,836 21.1 3,118 20.5 4,718 21.6

Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger

5,344 14.4 2,011 13.2 3,333 15.2

Parent of a household child under age 6

2,493 6.7 1,107 7.3 1,385 6.3

Not a parent of a household child

29,270 78.9 12,098 79.5 17,172 78.4

Number of care recipients

Caring for one person

26,389 71.1 10,915 71.7 15,474 70.7

Caring for two persons

7,941 21.4 3,100 20.4 4,841 22.1

Caring for three or more persons

2,776 7.5 1,202 7.9 1,575 7.2

Relationship to care recipient

Total, all eldercare providers

37,106 (1)- 15,216 (1)- 21,890 (1)-

Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner(2)

2,803 7.6 957 6.3 1,846 8.4

Caring for a parent

17,165 46.3 6,847 45.0 10,318 47.1

Caring for a grandparent(3)

5,561 15.0 2,476 16.3 3,085 14.1

Caring for another related person

8,475 22.8 3,699 24.3 4,776 21.8

Caring for a friend or neighbor

5,450 14.7 2,026 13.3 3,424 15.6

Caring for someone else

1,571 4.2 521 3.4 1,050 4.8

Eldercare providers caring for one person only

26,389 100.0 10,915 100.0 15,474 100.0

Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner(2)

2,563 9.7 899 8.2 1,664 10.8

Caring for a parent

11,522 43.7 4,726 43.3 6,796 43.9

Caring for a grandparent(3)

3,813 14.4 1,822 16.7 1,990 12.9

Caring for another related person

4,640 17.6 2,190 20.1 2,450 15.8

Caring for a friend or neighbor

3,171 12.0 1,050 9.6 2,121 13.7

Caring for someone else

680 2.6 228 2.1 453 2.9

Age of care recipient

Total, all eldercare providers

37,106 (1)- 15,216 (1)- 21,890 (1)-

Caring for someone age 65 to 69

5,559 15.0 2,323 15.3 3,236 14.8

Caring for someone age 70 to 74

7,267 19.6 2,940 19.3 4,326 19.8

Caring for someone age 75 to 79

8,403 22.6 3,660 24.1 4,744 21.7

Caring for someone age 80 to 84

8,494 22.9 3,306 21.7 5,188 23.7

Caring for someone age 85 or older

13,739 37.0 5,349 35.2 8,390 38.3

Eldercare providers caring for one person only

26,389 100.0 10,915 100.0 15,474 100.0

Caring for someone age 65 to 69

3,350 12.7 1,474 13.5 1,876 12.1

Caring for someone age 70 to 74

4,042 15.3 1,626 14.9 2,416 15.6

Caring for someone age 75 to 79

4,891 18.5 2,360 21.6 2,530 16.4

Caring for someone age 80 to 84

4,800 18.2 1,751 16.0 3,049 19.7

Caring for someone age 85 or older

9,307 35.3 3,704 33.9 5,603 36.2

Care of household or nonhousehold members

Provided eldercare to household member(s) only

6,464 17.4 2,888 19.0 3,576 16.3

Provided eldercare to nonhousehold member(s) only

30,212 81.4 12,178 80.0 18,034 82.4

Provided eldercare to both household and nonhousehold person(s)

430 1.2 150 1.0 281 1.3

Frequency of care(4)

Provided care daily

9,022 24.3 3,605 23.7 5,416 24.7

Provided care several times a week

8,916 24.0 3,810 25.0 5,106 23.3

Provided care once a week

5,967 16.1 2,495 16.4 3,472 15.9

Provided care several times a month

7,787 21.0 3,086 20.3 4,701 21.5

Provided care once a month

3,712 10.0 1,604 10.5 2,108 9.6

Other

1,702 4.6 616 4.0 1,086 5.0

Duration of care(5)

Provided care for less than 1 year

8,190 22.1 3,106 20.4 5,084 23.2

Provided care for 1 to 2 years

10,200 27.5 4,071 26.8 6,129 28.0

Provided care for 3 to 4 years

6,252 16.8 2,574 16.9 3,678 16.8

Provided care for 5 to 9 years

6,796 18.3 2,945 19.4 3,851 17.6

Provided care for 10 years or more

5,669 15.3 2,520 16.6 3,149 14.4

Footnotes
(1) Categories sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers cared for more than one person.
(2) Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information.
(3) Refers only to persons caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. Persons caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are included in the category "Caring for another related person."
(4) Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by frequency of care.
(5) For persons who provided eldercare to more than 1 person, the duration of care is calculated based on the person for whom they had cared the longest.

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.


Table 3. Eldercare providers by relationship to care recipient and selected characteristics of eldercare providers, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
Characteristic Number of eldercare providers (in thousands) Percent of eldercare providers caring for(1)
A spouse or unmarried partner(2) A parent A grandparent(3) Another related
person
A friend or neighbor Someone else

Age

Total, 15 years and over

37,106 7.6 46.3 15.0 22.8 14.7 4.2

15 to 24 years

3,623 0.6 7.5 (4)- 13.6 6.1 5.3

25 to 34 years

3,236 (5)- 32.1 56.6 12.7 5.3 4.6

35 to 44 years

5,031 (5)- 60.2 18.1 26.1 9.2 4.9

45 to 54 years

7,941 1.1 70.8 3.7 24.9 9.2 3.7

55 to 64 years

8,911 4.2 60.1 0.3 24.8 16.4 3.9

65 years and over

8,365 27.7 22.1 0.1 24.8 28.7 4.2

Sex

Men

15,216 6.3 45.0 16.3 24.3 13.3 3.4

Women

21,890 8.4 47.1 14.1 21.8 15.6 4.8

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(6)

White

30,313 7.8 46.4 14.4 22.8 15.5 3.7

Black or African American

4,646 7.4 45.2 16.7 21.7 12.9 6.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

3,613 6.7 51.4 14.3 18.0 13.6 4.4

Employment status

Employed

22,772 2.5 55.1 16.1 23.2 11.6 4.2

Full-time workers

18,424 2.1 58.4 14.2 23.3 10.6 4.3

Part-time workers

4,348 4.1 41.0 24.3 22.7 16.0 4.0

Not employed

14,334 15.6 32.2 13.2 22.3 19.6 4.3

Educational attainment, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma

1,491 (4)- (4)- 4.8 13.8 (4)- 7.7

High school graduates, no college

8,591 10.8 49.5 10.4 19.8 16.2 3.3

Some college or associate degree

7,891 7.8 49.2 10.3 21.8 17.0 3.2

Bachelor's degree and higher

15,511 6.1 52.9 8.3 28.1 14.4 4.7

Parent of household children under 18 years

Parent of one or more household children

7,836 0.1 56.9 19.9 26.1 8.7 3.7

Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger

5,344 0.1 62.4 13.9 27.8 9.4 3.7

Parent of a household child under age 6

2,493 (5)- 45.0 32.9 22.4 7.2 3.7

Not a parent of a household child

29,270 9.6 43.4 13.7 22.0 16.3 4.4

Marital status

No spouse or unmarried partner present in household

14,594 1.0 44.1 25.4 13.7 18.2 4.7

Spouse or unmarried partner present in household

22,513 11.8 47.6 8.2 28.8 12.4 4.0

Footnotes
(1) Categories sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers cared for multiple persons with whom they had different relationships.
(2) Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information.
(3) Refers only to persons caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. Persons caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are included in the category "Another related person."
(4) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
(5) Estimate is approximately zero.
(6) Not all race categories are shown. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.


Table 4. Percent of eldercare providers who provided care on an average day and time spent providing this care by day of week and selected characteristics, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
Characteristic Number of eldercare providers (in thousands) Percent of eldercare providers who provided care on an average day Average hours per day eldercare providers spent providing care Average hours per day eldercare providers spent providing care on days they engaged in eldercare
Total, all days Weekdays Weekends and holidays Total, all days Weekdays Weekends and holidays Total, all days Weekdays Weekends and holidays

Age

Total, 15 years and over

37,106 27.5 27.4 27.7 0.99 1.00 0.95 3.59 3.65 3.45

15 to 24 years

3,623 15.4 (1)- (1)- 0.38 (1)- (1)- 2.45 (1)- (1)-

25 to 34 years

3,236 22.2 (1)- (1)- 0.35 (1)- (1)- 1.59 1.28 (1)-

35 to 44 years

5,031 20.6 21.4 17.7 0.56 0.59 0.45 2.71 2.75 2.53

45 to 54 years

7,941 24.2 22.5 28.2 0.56 0.47 0.77 2.32 2.11 2.72

55 to 64 years

8,911 30.9 31.4 29.5 1.26 1.37 1.02 4.09 4.35 3.44

65 years and over

8,365 38.4 39.3 36.0 1.86 1.96 1.60 4.85 4.99 4.44

Sex

Men

15,216 26.9 28.1 23.9 0.97 0.99 0.93 3.61 3.52 3.87

Women

21,890 27.8 26.9 30.2 0.99 1.00 0.97 3.58 3.74 3.22

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(2)

White

30,313 26.4 26.2 27.1 0.92 0.94 0.87 3.48 3.60 3.20

Black or African American

4,646 33.1 34.1 30.3 1.55 1.45 1.83 4.68 4.25 6.04

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

3,613 30.5 (1)- (1)- 0.79 0.69 1.02 2.59 2.39 3.01

Employment status

Employed

22,772 22.0 21.8 22.6 0.61 0.61 0.61 2.75 2.78 2.69

Full-time workers

18,424 20.1 19.2 22.7 0.53 0.49 0.64 2.65 2.58 2.81

Part-time workers

4,348 30.1 (1)- 22.3 0.91 1.15 0.51 3.04 3.31 2.30

Not employed

14,334 36.1 36.1 36.1 1.59 1.61 1.53 4.40 4.46 4.24

Educational attainment, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma

1,491 (1)- (1)- (1)- (1)- (1)- (1)- 4.70 (1)- 4.47

High school graduates, no college

8,591 34.5 34.0 35.7 1.39 1.38 1.42 4.02 4.05 3.96

Some college or associate degree

7,891 29.5 29.7 28.9 1.05 1.05 1.06 3.57 3.53 3.69

Bachelor's degree and higher

15,511 23.3 22.7 24.8 0.75 0.78 0.68 3.20 3.42 2.75

Parent of household children under 18 years

Parent of one or more household children

7,836 18.7 20.7 13.9 0.44 0.50 0.32 2.38 2.41 2.26

Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger

5,344 21.8 24.3 15.3 0.57 0.66 0.32 2.60 2.73 2.08

Parent of a household child under age 6

2,493 12.1 12.4 11.3 0.18 (1)- (1)- 1.52 (1)- 2.73

Not a parent of a household child

29,270 29.8 29.1 31.6 1.13 1.13 1.14 3.79 3.88 3.60

Marital status

No spouse or unmarried partner present in household

14,594 29.6 28.4 32.4 0.88 0.78 1.11 2.96 2.76 3.41

Spouse or unmarried partner present in household

22,513 26.1 26.7 24.5 1.06 1.14 0.85 4.05 4.25 3.48

Number of care recipients

Caring for one person

26,389 30.2 29.7 31.4 1.12 1.11 1.14 3.69 3.73 3.62

Caring for two persons

7,941 20.7 22.8 15.0 0.70 0.78 0.48 3.36 3.40 3.20

Caring for three or more persons

2,776 20.5 18.8 25.4 0.57 (1)- (1)- 2.78 3.30 (1)-

Relationship to care recipient(3)

Eldercare providers caring for one person only

26,389 30.2 29.7 31.4 1.12 1.11 1.14 3.69 3.73 3.62

Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner(4)

2,563 66.3 69.3 (1)- 4.04 4.26 3.47 6.10 6.14 5.97

Caring for a parent

11,522 30.9 29.0 35.4 0.95 0.83 1.23 3.07 2.87 3.48

Caring for a grandparent(5)

3,813 19.0 15.6 (1)- (1)- (1)- (1)- (1)- (1)- (1)-

Caring for another related person

4,640 24.8 26.0 22.3 0.90 0.90 0.90 3.63 3.46 4.04

Caring for a friend or neighbor

3,171 15.8 16.3 14.5 0.42 (1)- 0.19 2.64 3.03 1.32

Age of care recipient

Eldercare providers caring for one person only

26,389 30.2 29.7 31.4 1.12 1.11 1.14 3.69 3.73 3.62

Caring for someone age 65 to 69

3,350 35.9 (1)- 24.9 1.54 1.59 (1)- 4.28 4.02 5.49

Caring for someone age 70 to 74

4,042 29.7 (1)- 28.9 1.33 1.29 1.44 4.49 4.30 4.97

Caring for someone age 75 to 79

4,891 30.6 32.0 27.4 1.20 1.27 1.04 3.94 3.99 3.80

Caring for someone age 80 to 84

4,800 29.2 26.2 (1)- 0.71 0.63 0.93 2.43 2.39 2.51

Caring for someone age 85 or older

9,307 28.7 26.5 33.8 1.04 1.01 1.09 3.60 3.81 3.24

Care of household or nonhousehold members(3)

Provided eldercare to household member(s) only

6,464 65.7 67.7 60.5 2.88 2.80 3.11 4.39 4.13 5.13

Provided eldercare to nonhousehold member(s) only

30,212 18.8 18.2 20.5 0.58 0.61 0.49 3.05 3.35 2.39

Frequency of care(6)

Provided care daily

9,022 65.4 66.4 63.0 2.83 2.86 2.73 4.32 4.31 4.34

Provided care several times a week

8,916 26.9 27.4 25.7 0.72 0.74 0.67 2.67 2.69 2.61

Provided care once a week

5,967 13.3 12.5 15.3 0.29 (1)- 0.28 2.17 2.33 1.86

Provided care several times a month

7,787 12.4 10.7 16.8 0.33 (1)- 0.40 2.64 (1)- 2.38

Provided care once a month

3,712 2.3 1.4 4.4 (1)- (1)- (1)- (1)- (1)- (1)-

Duration of care(7)

Provided care for less than 1 year

8,190 21.1 21.5 20.4 0.93 0.97 0.85 4.40 4.51 4.16

Provided care for 1 to 2 years

10,200 29.5 29.4 29.7 0.97 1.00 0.86 3.27 3.41 2.90

Provided care for 3 to 4 years

6,252 25.7 24.4 28.9 0.87 0.78 1.07 3.37 3.21 3.69

Provided care for 5 to 9 years

6,796 27.9 27.9 28.1 1.15 1.20 1.01 4.10 4.32 3.61

Provided care for 10 years or more

5,669 34.3 33.9 (1)- 1.04 1.02 1.10 3.04 3.02 3.12

Footnotes
(1) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
(2) Not all race categories are shown. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.
(3) Not all categories are shown.
(4) Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information.
(5) Refers only to persons caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. Persons caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are included in the category "Caring for another related person."
(6) Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by frequency of care. Corresponding time and percent estimates were measured using information about care provided on the diary day. Not all categories are shown.
(7) For persons who provided eldercare to more than one person, the duration of care is calculated based on the person for whom they had cared the longest.

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.


Table 5. Time spent providing eldercare and percent of eldercare providers engaging in caregiving by sex and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
Caregiving activity Eldercare providers
Percent distribution of time spent in selected eldercare activities On days they provided care
Total Men Women Percent who engaged in
caregiving activity(1)
Average hours spent providing care
Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 (1)- (1)- (1)- 3.59 3.61 3.58

Eating and drinking

6.3 6.8 6.0 23.0 25.8 21.1 0.23 0.25 0.21

Household activities

19.5 21.1 18.5 39.9 42.5 38.1 0.70 0.76 0.66

Housework

6.1 6.2 6.1 15.0 15.6 14.6 0.22 0.22 0.22

Food preparation and cleanup

8.6 6.8 9.7 26.9 25.2 28.0 0.31 0.25 0.35

Lawn and garden care

1.7 3.2 0.7 2.7 4.3 1.6 0.06 0.12 (2)-

Household management

0.9 0.5 1.2 5.5 4.4 6.3 0.03 0.02 0.04

Purchasing goods and services

3.3 2.2 4.1 12.8 8.3 15.9 0.12 0.08 0.15

Caring for and helping household members

12.4 9.1 14.6 22.4 19.9 24.1 0.44 (2)- 0.52

Caring for household adults

11.3 7.9 13.6 19.1 15.7 21.3 0.41 (2)- 0.49

Physical care for household adults

7.6 3.3 10.5 12.6 10.3 14.2 (2)- 0.12 (2)-

Providing medical care to household adults

0.6 0.3 0.9 7.1 3.9 9.3 0.02 (2)- 0.03

Helping household adults

0.7 0.2 1.0 4.4 4.1 4.7 0.02 (2)- 0.03

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members

11.7 9.1 13.5 25.4 19.5 29.4 0.42 0.33 0.48

Caring for nonhousehold adults

5.7 5.9 5.6 10.3 6.2 13.1 0.21 (2)- 0.20

Physical care for nonhousehold adults

2.0 1.4 2.4 4.3 1.8 6.0 0.07 (2)- 0.08

Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults

0.4 0.2 0.5 3.2 2.2 3.9 0.01 (2)- 0.02

Helping nonhousehold adults

5.8 3.1 7.7 17.6 14.4 19.8 0.21 0.11 0.28

Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults

2.2 0.5 3.4 6.9 2.1 10.1 0.08 (2)- 0.12

House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults

1.4 1.7 1.2 3.6 5.9 2.1 0.05 0.06 0.04

Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults

0.4 0.2 0.5 5.3 3.4 6.6 0.01 0.01 0.02

Working and work-related activities

3.9 2.1 5.1 2.8 2.0 3.4 0.14 (2)- 0.18

Organizational, civic, and religious activities

2.4 4.2 1.1 3.5 4.6 2.7 0.09 (2)- 0.04

Leisure and sports

31.5 39.1 26.4 34.0 37.1 31.9 1.13 1.41 0.94

Socializing and communicating

9.6 8.4 10.5 18.6 20.3 17.4 0.35 0.30 0.37

Watching TV

15.5 21.3 11.6 14.3 16.8 12.6 0.56 0.77 0.41

Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation

0.7 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.3 1.6 0.02 (2)- (2)-

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail

1.5 0.5 2.2 6.5 2.7 9.0 0.05 0.02 0.08

Traveling

5.1 4.0 5.8 24.6 20.3 27.5 0.18 0.14 0.21

Other activities, not elsewhere classified

2.3 1.8 2.7 5.1 3.3 6.4 0.08 (2)- 0.10

Footnotes
(1) Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care.
(2) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.


Table 6. Time spent providing eldercare and percent of eldercare providers engaging in caregiving by day of week and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
Caregiving activity Eldercare providers
Percent distribution of time spent in selected
eldercare activities
On days they provided care
Total Weekdays Weekends and holidays Percent who engaged in
caregiving activity(1)
Average hours spent providing care
Total Weekdays Weekends and holidays Total Weekdays Weekends and holidays

Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 (1)- (1)- (1)- 3.59 3.65 3.45

Eating and drinking

6.3 5.5 8.6 23.0 22.1 25.1 0.23 0.20 0.30

Household activities

19.5 18.9 21.2 39.9 39.6 40.5 0.70 0.69 0.73

Housework

6.1 6.1 6.2 15.0 16.3 11.9 0.22 0.22 0.21

Food preparation and cleanup

8.6 7.8 10.6 26.9 26.0 29.0 0.31 0.28 0.36

Lawn and garden care

1.7 1.7 1.8 2.7 2.9 2.3 0.06 0.06 0.06

Household management

0.9 1.0 0.7 5.5 5.8 4.8 0.03 0.04 0.03

Purchasing goods and services

3.3 3.3 3.4 12.8 13.7 10.8 0.12 0.12 0.12

Caring for and helping household members

12.4 15.4 4.4 22.4 25.8 13.8 0.44 0.56 0.15

Caring for household adults

11.3 14.1 3.9 19.1 22.1 11.6 0.41 0.51 0.14

Physical care for household adults

7.6 9.4 3.0 12.6 14.1 9.0 (2)- (2)- 0.11

Providing medical care to household adults

0.6 0.7 0.4 7.1 8.2 4.5 0.02 0.03 0.01

Helping household adults

0.7 0.8 0.3 4.4 5.4 2.1 0.02 0.03 (2)-

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members

11.7 12.1 10.5 25.4 22.5 32.7 0.42 0.44 0.36

Caring for nonhousehold adults

5.7 6.7 3.2 10.3 10.6 9.7 0.21 0.24 0.11

Physical care for nonhousehold adults

2.0 2.0 1.9 4.3 4.0 5.1 0.07 0.07 0.06

Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults

0.4 0.3 0.4 3.2 3.2 3.3 0.01 0.01 (2)-

Helping nonhousehold adults

5.8 5.4 6.9 17.6 15.3 23.4 0.21 0.20 0.24

Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults

2.2 2.1 2.5 6.9 6.3 8.4 0.08 0.08 0.09

House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults

1.4 1.3 1.9 3.6 3.5 3.9 0.05 0.05 0.06

Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults

0.4 0.3 0.6 5.3 4.2 8.2 0.01 0.01 0.02

Working and work-related activities

3.9 5.1 0.6 2.8 3.5 1.2 0.14 0.19 (2)-

Organizational, civic, and religious activities

2.4 2.5 2.0 3.5 3.6 3.1 0.09 0.09 0.07

Leisure and sports

31.5 27.3 42.8 34.0 33.5 35.3 1.13 0.99 1.47

Socializing and communicating

9.6 8.3 13.0 18.6 19.0 17.7 0.35 0.30 0.45

Watching TV

15.5 13.6 20.4 14.3 13.6 16.1 0.56 0.50 0.71

Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation

0.7 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 2.2 0.02 (2)- (2)-

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail

1.5 1.8 0.9 6.5 6.8 5.6 0.05 0.06 0.03

Traveling

5.1 5.5 4.1 24.6 25.3 22.8 0.18 0.20 0.14

Other activities, not elsewhere classified

2.3 2.7 1.4 5.1 5.3 4.8 0.08 0.10 0.05

Footnotes
(1) Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care.
(2) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.


Table 7. Percent of eldercare providers and time spent in caregiving on days they provided care by frequency of care and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
Caregiving activity Percent of eldercare providers who engaged in caregiving activities, on days they provided care(1) Average hours per day eldercare providers spent providing care on days they engaged in eldercare
Total Frequency of care(2) Total Frequency of care(2)
Daily Several times per week Once a week or less Daily Several times per week Once a week or less

Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over

(1)- (1)- (1)- (1)- 3.59 4.32 2.67 2.46

Eating and drinking

23.0 31.6 9.3 13.6 0.23 0.30 0.08 0.19

Household activities

39.9 49.2 (3)- 20.0 0.70 1.00 0.31 0.27

Housework

15.0 18.4 (3)- 6.3 0.22 0.32 0.07 (3)-

Food preparation and cleanup

26.9 38.5 14.5 6.6 0.31 0.45 0.13 (3)-

Lawn and garden care

2.7 3.4 0.8 3.0 0.06 0.07 (3)- (3)-

Household management

5.5 4.2 10.1 3.8 0.03 0.05 (3)- (3)-

Purchasing goods and services

12.8 11.8 16.5 10.4 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11

Caring for and helping household members

22.4 34.7 3.8 7.6 0.44 0.75 (3)- (3)-

Caring for household adults

19.1 30.9 3.3 2.3 0.41 0.69 (3)- (3)-

Physical care for household adults

12.6 21.7 0.2 (4)- (3)- (3)- (3)- (3)-

Providing medical care to household adults

7.1 11.8 1.0 0.3 0.02 0.04 (3)- (3)-

Helping household adults

4.4 6.1 0.6 4.0 0.02 0.04 (3)- (3)-

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members

25.4 14.4 36.5 (3)- 0.42 0.24 0.59 0.77

Caring for nonhousehold adults

10.3 6.6 14.2 16.4 0.21 0.11 (3)- (3)-

Physical care for nonhousehold adults

4.3 2.4 6.2 6.9 0.07 0.03 (3)- (3)-

Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults

3.2 2.9 4.2 3.1 0.01 0.01 (3)- (3)-

Helping nonhousehold adults

17.6 8.5 27.7 33.9 0.21 0.12 0.32 0.37

Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults

6.9 4.3 11.2 9.8 0.08 0.04 0.16 0.10

House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults

3.6 1.4 4.5 9.6 0.05 (3)- 0.06 0.17

Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults

5.3 1.9 9.0 11.5 0.01 (3)- 0.03 0.02

Working and work-related activities

2.8 1.6 5.3 3.7 0.14 (3)- (3)- (3)-

Organizational, civic, and religious activities

3.5 3.1 5.8 1.6 0.09 0.07 (3)- (3)-

Leisure and sports

34.0 36.5 34.6 24.8 1.13 1.42 0.75 0.72

Socializing and communicating

18.6 13.9 28.1 20.4 0.35 0.24 0.47 0.51

Watching TV

14.3 22.3 4.0 2.4 0.56 0.85 0.19 (3)-

Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation

1.5 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.02 0.02 (3)- (3)-

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail

6.5 7.4 3.8 7.1 0.05 0.07 0.04 (3)-

Traveling

24.6 20.0 32.9 27.8 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.18

Other activities, not elsewhere classified

5.1 6.6 2.8 3.6 0.08 0.11 (3)- (3)-

Footnotes
(1) Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care.
(2) Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by frequency of care.
(3) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
(4) Estimate is approximately zero.

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.


Table 8. Percent of eldercare providers who cared for one person only by age of eldercare recipient and caregiving activity, averages for the combined years 2021-2022
Caregiving activity Percent of eldercare providers who cared for one person only,
on days they provided care(1)
Total Age of care recipient
65 to 74 75 to 84 85 or older

Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over

(1)- (1)- (1)- (1)-

Eating and drinking

24.9 (2)- 20.5 23.3

Household activities

43.4 (2)- 41.0 41.9

Housework

16.3 (2)- 14.1 13.2

Food preparation and cleanup

29.9 32.8 27.8 29.5

Lawn and garden care

2.8 3.2 3.0 2.3

Household management

6.5 5.1 6.8 7.3

Purchasing goods and services

12.9 13.7 14.5 10.5

Caring for and helping household members

24.4 (2)- 18.9 18.6

Caring for household adults

22.0 (2)- 16.5 18.4

Physical care for household adults

15.2 21.1 11.7 13.7

Providing medical care to household adults

8.5 12.8 6.1 7.4

Helping household adults

3.3 5.3 3.2 1.7

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members

22.8 12.0 26.7 28.3

Caring for nonhousehold adults

8.9 5.5 10.0 10.9

Physical care for nonhousehold adults

3.8 3.2 4.0 4.1

Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults

2.7 3.6 2.4 2.2

Helping nonhousehold adults

15.9 7.0 19.6 19.9

Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults

6.7 2.8 9.1 7.5

House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults

3.5 1.2 4.8 4.1

Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults

4.1 1.4 4.2 6.6

Working and work-related activities

2.0 2.7 0.6 3.0

Organizational, civic, and religious activities

3.0 2.4 2.5 4.2

Leisure and sports

36.7 (2)- 34.9 40.3

Socializing and communicating

19.4 14.3 14.2 29.5

Watching TV

16.7 23.2 17.3 10.3

Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation

1.7 2.5 1.7 1.1

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail

6.7 3.9 8.6 7.0

Traveling

23.0 19.2 25.9 23.2

Other activities, not elsewhere classified

5.6 10.5 4.2 2.8

Footnotes
(1) Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care.
(2) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.


Table 9. Number and percent of eldercare providers who were parents of household children under age 18 by sex and selected characteristics, averages for the combined years 2021-2022 [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Eldercare providers with children under age 18 living at home
Total Men Women
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Parent of household children under 18 years

Total, parent of one or more household children

7,836 100.0 3,118 100.0 4,718 100.0

Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger

5,344 68.2 2,011 64.5 3,333 70.6

Parent of a household child under age 6

2,493 31.8 1,107 35.5 1,385 29.4

Employment status

Employed

6,454 82.4 2,841 91.1 3,613 76.6

Full-time workers

5,550 70.8 2,707 86.8 2,843 60.3

Part-time workers

904 11.5 134 4.3 770 16.3

Not employed

1,382 17.6 277 8.9 1,105 23.4

Marital status

No spouse or unmarried partner present in household

1,045 13.3 247 7.9 798 16.9

Spouse or unmarried partner present in household

6,791 86.7 2,871 92.1 3,920 83.1

Number of care recipients

Caring for one person

4,717 60.2 1,984 63.6 2,733 57.9

Caring for two persons

2,449 31.2 832 26.7 1,617 34.3

Caring for three or more persons

671 8.6 303 9.7 369 7.8

Relationship to care recipient

Total, all eldercare providers

7,836 (1)- 3,118 (1)- 4,718 (1)-

Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner(2)

6 0.1 (3)- (4)- 6 0.1

Caring for a parent

4,458 56.9 1,843 59.1 2,614 55.4

Caring for a grandparent(5)

1,562 19.9 398 12.8 1,164 24.7

Caring for another related person

2,044 26.1 846 27.1 1,197 25.4

Caring for a friend or neighbor

680 8.7 312 10.0 369 7.8

Caring for someone else

288 3.7 118 3.8 171 3.6

Age of care recipient

Total, all eldercare providers

7,836 (1)- 3,118 (1)- 4,718 (1)-

Caring for someone age 65 to 69

1,908 24.3 767 24.6 1,141 24.2

Caring for someone age 70 to 74

2,139 27.3 874 28.0 1,265 26.8

Caring for someone age 75 to 79

1,916 24.5 848 27.2 1,068 22.6

Caring for someone age 80 to 84

1,917 24.5 622 20.0 1,295 27.5

Caring for someone age 85 or older

1,925 24.6 712 22.8 1,213 25.7

Care of household or nonhousehold members(6)

Provided eldercare to household member(s) only

669 8.5 262 8.4 407 8.6

Provided eldercare to nonhousehold member(s) only

7,168 91.5 2,857 91.6 4,311 91.4

Frequency of care(7)

Provided care daily

1,093 13.9 394 12.6 699 14.8

Provided care several times a week

1,865 23.8 884 28.4 980 20.8

Provided care once a week

1,634 20.9 571 18.3 1,063 22.5

Provided care several times a month

1,769 22.6 616 19.7 1,154 24.4

Provided care once a month

1,100 14.0 536 17.2 563 11.9

Other

376 4.8 117 3.8 259 5.5

Duration of care(8)

Provided care for less than 1 year

1,725 22.0 645 20.7 1,080 22.9

Provided care for 1 to 2 years

2,218 28.3 822 26.4 1,395 29.6

Provided care for 3 to 4 years

1,269 16.2 480 15.4 789 16.7

Provided care for 5 to 9 years

1,467 18.7 585 18.7 883 18.7

Provided care for 10 years or more

1,157 14.8 586 18.8 571 12.1

Footnotes
(1) Categories sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers cared for more than one person.
(2) Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information.
(3) Estimate is less than 0.05 percent of the population.
(4) Estimate is approximately zero.
(5) Refers only to persons caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. Persons caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are included in the category "Caring for another related person."
(6) Not all categories are shown.
(7) Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by frequency of care.
(8) For persons who provided eldercare to more than 1 person, the duration of care is calculated based on the person for whom they had cared the longest.

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.


Last Modified Date: September 21, 2023