Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-24-1817
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 6, 2024

Technical information: 
 Household data:      (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	      (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- AUGUST 2024


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 142,000 in August, and the unemployment rate
changed little at 4.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains
occurred in construction and health care.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical
Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.2 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.1 million,
changed little in August. These measures are higher than a year earlier, when the jobless rate
was 3.8 percent, and the number of unemployed people was 6.3 million. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.0 percent), adult women
(3.7 percent), teenagers (14.1 percent), Whites (3.8 percent), Blacks (6.1 percent), Asians
(4.1 percent), and Hispanics (5.5 percent) showed little or no change in August. (See tables
A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of people on temporary layoff declined by 190,000 to 872,000
in August, mostly offsetting an increase in the prior month. The number of permanent job losers
was essentially unchanged at 1.7 million in August. (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was virtually unchanged
at 1.5 million in August. The long-term unemployed accounted for 21.3 percent of all unemployed
people. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate remained at 62.7 percent in August and is little changed over
the year. The employment-population ratio also was unchanged in August, at 60.0 percent, but is
down by 0.4 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons was little changed at 4.8 million
in August. This measure is up from 4.2 million a year earlier. These individuals would have
preferred full-time employment but were working part time because their hours had been reduced
or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 5.6 million, changed
little in August. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively
looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job.
(See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force, at 1.4 million, was little changed in August. These individuals wanted and
were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not
looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset
of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, changed little at
367,000 in August. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 142,000 over the month. Employment growth in
August was in line with average job growth in recent months but was below the average monthly
gain of 202,000 over the prior 12 months. In August, job gains occurred in construction and
health care. (See table B-1.)

Construction employment rose by 34,000 in August, higher than the average monthly gain of 19,000
over the prior 12 months. Over the month, heavy and civil engineering construction added 14,000
jobs, and employment in nonresidential specialty trade contractors continued to trend up 
(+14,000).

Health care added 31,000 jobs in August, about half the average monthly gain of 60,000 over the
prior 12 months. In August, employment rose in ambulatory health care services (+24,000) and
hospitals (+10,000).

In August, employment in social assistance continued its upward trend (+13,000) but at a slower
pace than the average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+21,000). Individual and family
services added 18,000 jobs over the month.

Employment in manufacturing edged down in August (-24,000), reflecting a decline of 25,000 in
durable goods industries. Manufacturing employment has shown little net change over the year.

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and
warehousing; information; financial activities; professional and business services; leisure
and hospitality; other services; and government.

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by
14 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $35.21. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have
increased by 3.8 percent. In August, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees increased by 11 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $30.27. (See tables B-3 and
B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 34.3
hours in August. In manufacturing, the average workweek changed little at 40.0 hours, and 
overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and 
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 61,000, from
+179,000 to +118,000, and the change for July was revised down by 25,000, from +114,000 to
+89,000. With these revisions, employment in June and July combined is 86,000 lower than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses
and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal
factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on
Friday, October 4, 2024, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Change from: July 2024- Aug. 2024
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,213	268,438	268,644	268,856	212
Civilian labor force	167,840	168,009	168,429	168,549	120
Participation rate	62.8	62.6	62.7	62.7	0.0
Employed	161,500	161,199	161,266	161,434	168
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.1	60.0	60.0	0.0
Unemployed	6,340	6,811	7,163	7,115	-48
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.1	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Not in labor force	99,374	100,429	100,215	100,306	91
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.8	4.1	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.7	3.8	4.0	4.0	0.0
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.2	3.7	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.3	12.1	12.4	14.1	1.7
White	3.4	3.5	3.8	3.8	0.0
Black or African American	5.3	6.3	6.3	6.1	-0.2
Asian	3.2	4.1	3.7	4.1	0.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.9	4.9	5.3	5.5	0.2
Total, 25 years and over	3.0	3.3	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Less than a high school diploma	5.4	5.9	6.7	7.1	0.4
High school graduates, no college	3.9	4.2	4.6	4.0	-0.6
Some college or associate degree	3.1	3.4	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.5	0.2
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,946	3,176	3,490	3,328	-162
Job leavers	804	752	855	845	-10
Reentrants	1,931	2,094	2,160	2,132	-28
New entrants	592	708	650	718	68
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,224	2,128	2,351	2,468	117
5 to 14 weeks	1,913	2,102	2,141	2,019	-122
15 to 26 weeks	970	1,087	1,087	1,167	80
27 weeks and over	1,326	1,516	1,535	1,533	-2
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,221	4,220	4,566	4,830	264
Slack work or business conditions	2,821	2,832	2,985	3,303	318
Could only find part-time work	1,017	1,144	1,195	1,144	-51
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,030	22,341	22,036	22,561	525
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,519	1,508	1,571	1,401	-170
Discouraged workers	384	365	405	367	-38
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	210	118	89	142
Total private	150	97	74	118
Goods-producing	33	2	20	10
Mining and logging	0	0	1	0
Construction	31	18	13	34
Manufacturing	2	-16	6	-24
Durable goods(1)	3	-17	5	-25
Motor vehicles and parts	-4.3	4.6	6.3	-5.9
Nondurable goods	-1	1	1	1
Private service-providing	117	95	54	108
Wholesale trade	1.5	6.0	7.3	4.9
Retail trade	-5.6	-19.5	-3.4	-11.1
Transportation and warehousing	-27.5	10.9	5.6	7.9
Utilities	2.8	1.3	-0.2	-0.2
Information	-18	0	-15	-7
Financial activities	4	13	-1	11
Professional and business services(1)	-1	-11	-13	8
Temporary help services	-18.9	-29.7	-18.1	-2.9
Private education and health services(1)	93	82	55	47
Health care and social assistance	93.5	68.7	58.8	44.1
Leisure and hospitality	52	4	24	46
Other services	16	8	-5	1
Government	60	21	15	24
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	211	147	141	116
Total private	161	137	126	96
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.8
Total private women employees	48.4	48.3	48.3	48.3
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.3	81.4	81.4	81.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.3	34.2	34.3
Average hourly earnings	$33.91	$34.99	$35.07	$35.21
Average weekly earnings	$1,166.50	$1,200.16	$1,199.39	$1,207.70
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.3	116.5	116.2	116.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.1	-0.3	0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	187.0	194.8	194.8	196.3
Over-the-month percent change	0.6	0.4	0.0	0.8
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	61.0	51.6	47.8	53.2
Manufacturing (72 industries)	51.4	31.9	43.1	42.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 119,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 629,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,213	268,644	268,856	267,213	268,066	268,248	268,438	268,644	268,856
Civilian labor force	168,049	169,723	168,763	167,840	167,982	167,732	168,009	168,429	168,549
Participation rate	62.9	63.2	62.8	62.8	62.7	62.5	62.6	62.7	62.7
Employed	161,427	162,038	161,348	161,500	161,491	161,083	161,199	161,266	161,434
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.3	60.0	60.4	60.2	60.1	60.1	60.0	60.0
Unemployed	6,623	7,685	7,415	6,340	6,492	6,649	6,811	7,163	7,115
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.5	4.4	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.2
Not in labor force	99,164	98,921	100,092	99,374	100,083	100,516	100,429	100,215	100,306
Persons who currently want a job	5,482	5,950	5,749	5,374	5,637	5,717	5,234	5,600	5,637
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,608	130,975	131,077	130,608	130,694	130,782	130,875	130,975	131,077
Civilian labor force	89,299	90,256	89,138	89,114	88,708	88,619	89,171	89,293	88,950
Participation rate	68.4	68.9	68.0	68.2	67.9	67.8	68.1	68.2	67.9
Employed	85,838	86,368	85,379	85,527	85,208	84,882	85,514	85,390	85,075
Employment-population ratio	65.7	65.9	65.1	65.5	65.2	64.9	65.3	65.2	64.9
Unemployed	3,461	3,889	3,759	3,587	3,500	3,737	3,657	3,903	3,875
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.3	4.2	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.4
Not in labor force	41,310	40,719	41,939	41,494	41,986	42,163	41,704	41,682	42,127
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,832	122,021	122,118	121,832	121,763	121,844	121,929	122,021	122,118
Civilian labor force	85,868	86,388	85,816	85,951	85,382	85,229	85,846	86,054	85,857
Participation rate	70.5	70.8	70.3	70.5	70.1	69.9	70.4	70.5	70.3
Employed	82,865	83,026	82,552	82,800	82,318	81,986	82,618	82,576	82,452
Employment-population ratio	68.0	68.0	67.6	68.0	67.6	67.3	67.8	67.7	67.5
Unemployed	3,003	3,362	3,264	3,151	3,064	3,243	3,227	3,477	3,405
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.0
Not in labor force	35,964	35,633	36,302	35,881	36,381	36,615	36,083	35,968	36,261
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	136,605	137,669	137,779	136,605	137,372	137,465	137,564	137,669	137,779
Civilian labor force	78,750	79,467	79,626	78,726	79,274	79,113	78,838	79,136	79,599
Participation rate	57.6	57.7	57.8	57.6	57.7	57.6	57.3	57.5	57.8
Employed	75,589	75,670	75,970	75,973	76,283	76,201	75,684	75,876	76,359
Employment-population ratio	55.3	55.0	55.1	55.6	55.5	55.4	55.0	55.1	55.4
Unemployed	3,162	3,797	3,656	2,752	2,991	2,912	3,154	3,260	3,240
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.8	4.6	3.5	3.8	3.7	4.0	4.1	4.1
Not in labor force	57,854	58,203	58,153	57,879	58,098	58,353	58,725	58,533	58,179
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,132	129,021	129,125	128,132	128,742	128,830	128,922	129,021	129,125
Civilian labor force	75,305	75,657	76,216	75,514	75,989	75,812	75,587	75,968	76,411
Participation rate	58.8	58.6	59.0	58.9	59.0	58.8	58.6	58.9	59.2
Employed	72,515	72,348	73,014	73,107	73,334	73,226	72,798	73,078	73,589
Employment-population ratio	56.6	56.1	56.5	57.1	57.0	56.8	56.5	56.6	57.0
Unemployed	2,790	3,309	3,202	2,407	2,655	2,586	2,788	2,890	2,822
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.4	4.2	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.7
Not in labor force	52,826	53,364	52,909	52,618	52,753	53,018	53,335	53,052	52,714
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,249	17,602	17,612	17,249	17,561	17,574	17,588	17,602	17,612
Civilian labor force	6,876	7,678	6,731	6,374	6,611	6,692	6,577	6,407	6,281
Participation rate	39.9	43.6	38.2	37.0	37.6	38.1	37.4	36.4	35.7
Employed	6,046	6,664	5,782	5,593	5,839	5,871	5,782	5,612	5,393
Employment-population ratio	35.1	37.9	32.8	32.4	33.2	33.4	32.9	31.9	30.6
Unemployed	830	1,014	949	781	772	821	795	795	888
Unemployment rate	12.1	13.2	14.1	12.3	11.7	12.3	12.1	12.4	14.1
Not in labor force	10,373	9,924	10,881	10,875	10,950	10,882	11,011	11,195	11,332
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	204,645	205,114	205,222	204,645	204,831	204,917	205,010	205,114	205,222
Civilian labor force	128,092	128,804	128,107	127,931	127,708	127,384	127,552	127,887	127,939
Participation rate	62.6	62.8	62.4	62.5	62.3	62.2	62.2	62.3	62.3
Employed	123,531	123,595	123,013	123,543	123,229	122,922	123,095	123,032	123,049
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.3	59.9	60.4	60.2	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0
Unemployed	4,561	5,209	5,094	4,387	4,479	4,462	4,457	4,854	4,890
Unemployment rate	3.6	4.0	4.0	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.8	3.8
Not in labor force	76,553	76,311	77,115	76,714	77,123	77,533	77,457	77,228	77,282
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,480	66,534	66,277	66,535	65,982	65,797	66,154	66,313	66,282
Participation rate	70.2	70.3	70.0	70.2	69.8	69.6	70.0	70.1	70.0
Employed	64,374	64,312	64,002	64,307	63,801	63,588	64,011	64,005	63,910
Employment-population ratio	68.0	68.0	67.6	67.9	67.5	67.3	67.7	67.6	67.5
Unemployed	2,106	2,222	2,275	2,228	2,181	2,208	2,143	2,308	2,372
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,243	56,257	56,606	56,422	56,622	56,441	56,268	56,529	56,777
Participation rate	57.7	57.5	57.9	57.9	58.0	57.8	57.6	57.8	58.0
Employed	54,361	54,005	54,432	54,803	54,843	54,752	54,505	54,583	54,866
Employment-population ratio	55.8	55.2	55.6	56.3	56.2	56.0	55.8	55.8	56.1
Unemployed	1,882	2,252	2,175	1,619	1,779	1,689	1,763	1,946	1,911
Unemployment rate	3.3	4.0	3.8	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.4	3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	5,369	6,013	5,223	4,973	5,103	5,146	5,131	5,044	4,880
Participation rate	42.9	47.3	41.1	39.7	40.2	40.5	40.4	39.7	38.4
Employed	4,796	5,279	4,579	4,433	4,584	4,582	4,580	4,444	4,273
Employment-population ratio	38.3	41.5	36.0	35.4	36.1	36.1	36.0	34.9	33.6
Unemployed	573	734	644	540	519	564	551	600	607
Unemployment rate	10.7	12.2	12.3	10.9	10.2	11.0	10.7	11.9	12.4
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,714	35,017	35,053	34,714	34,918	34,949	34,982	35,017	35,053
Civilian labor force	21,837	22,346	22,045	21,782	22,051	21,986	21,942	22,124	21,984
Participation rate	62.9	63.8	62.9	62.7	63.2	62.9	62.7	63.2	62.7
Employed	20,613	20,819	20,618	20,626	20,812	20,643	20,570	20,739	20,639
Employment-population ratio	59.4	59.5	58.8	59.4	59.6	59.1	58.8	59.2	58.9
Unemployed	1,224	1,526	1,427	1,155	1,239	1,343	1,372	1,385	1,344
Unemployment rate	5.6	6.8	6.5	5.3	5.6	6.1	6.3	6.3	6.1
Not in labor force	12,878	12,671	13,009	12,933	12,867	12,963	13,040	12,893	13,070
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,182	10,445	10,178	10,155	10,194	10,150	10,269	10,370	10,153
Participation rate	68.7	70.2	68.3	68.5	68.7	68.3	69.1	69.7	68.2
Employed	9,678	9,749	9,590	9,640	9,661	9,497	9,643	9,681	9,551
Employment-population ratio	65.3	65.5	64.4	65.0	65.1	63.9	64.9	65.1	64.1
Unemployed	504	696	588	516	533	654	626	689	602
Unemployment rate	5.0	6.7	5.8	5.1	5.2	6.4	6.1	6.6	5.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,859	11,019	11,078	10,880	10,991	10,994	10,906	11,029	11,084
Participation rate	62.6	62.9	63.2	62.7	62.9	62.9	62.3	63.0	63.2
Employed	10,277	10,331	10,381	10,367	10,442	10,421	10,289	10,428	10,474
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.0	59.2	59.8	59.8	59.6	58.8	59.5	59.7
Unemployed	582	688	696	513	548	572	617	601	610
Unemployment rate	5.4	6.2	6.3	4.7	5.0	5.2	5.7	5.5	5.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	796	881	789	746	867	842	767	725	747
Participation rate	31.3	33.6	30.0	29.3	33.2	32.2	29.3	27.6	28.4
Employed	658	739	647	619	709	725	637	630	614
Employment-population ratio	25.9	28.2	24.6	24.3	27.2	27.7	24.3	24.0	23.4
Unemployed	138	142	142	126	158	117	130	95	133
Unemployment rate	17.3	16.1	18.0	16.9	18.2	13.9	16.9	13.1	17.7
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,515	17,971	17,973	17,515	17,816	17,993	18,052	17,971	17,973
Civilian labor force	11,552	11,924	11,817	11,487	11,536	11,754	11,888	11,814	11,755
Participation rate	66.0	66.4	65.7	65.6	64.7	65.3	65.9	65.7	65.4
Employed	11,176	11,466	11,309	11,125	11,214	11,393	11,400	11,383	11,269
Employment-population ratio	63.8	63.8	62.9	63.5	62.9	63.3	63.2	63.3	62.7
Unemployed	376	459	508	362	322	361	488	431	486
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.8	4.3	3.2	2.8	3.1	4.1	3.7	4.1
Not in labor force	5,963	6,047	6,156	6,028	6,280	6,239	6,163	6,158	6,218
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	47,671	48,966	49,071	47,671	48,667	48,764	48,864	48,966	49,071
Civilian labor force	31,960	33,011	33,273	32,009	32,777	32,815	33,002	32,946	33,264
Participation rate	67.0	67.4	67.8	67.1	67.3	67.3	67.5	67.3	67.8
Employed	30,382	31,207	31,418	30,451	31,187	31,185	31,388	31,191	31,443
Employment-population ratio	63.7	63.7	64.0	63.9	64.1	64.0	64.2	63.7	64.1
Unemployed	1,578	1,805	1,856	1,558	1,589	1,630	1,614	1,755	1,822
Unemployment rate	4.9	5.5	5.6	4.9	4.8	5.0	4.9	5.3	5.5
Not in labor force	15,711	15,954	15,798	15,662	15,890	15,949	15,862	16,020	15,807
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,170	17,718	17,839	17,172	17,532	17,592	17,769	17,710	17,834
Participation rate	79.3	80.1	80.4	79.3	79.7	79.8	80.5	80.0	80.4
Employed	16,465	16,990	17,004	16,436	16,765	16,767	17,023	16,923	16,980
Employment-population ratio	76.0	76.8	76.7	75.9	76.2	76.1	77.1	76.5	76.6
Unemployed	706	728	834	736	766	826	746	786	854
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.1	4.7	4.3	4.4	4.7	4.2	4.4	4.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,279	13,583	13,904	13,363	13,638	13,582	13,555	13,690	13,921
Participation rate	61.5	61.1	62.4	61.8	61.7	61.3	61.1	61.6	62.5
Employed	12,663	12,807	13,175	12,776	13,016	13,032	12,951	12,949	13,223
Employment-population ratio	58.6	57.6	59.1	59.1	58.9	58.9	58.4	58.2	59.3
Unemployed	616	776	729	587	623	550	604	741	698
Unemployment rate	4.6	5.7	5.2	4.4	4.6	4.1	4.5	5.4	5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,510	1,711	1,531	1,473	1,607	1,641	1,678	1,546	1,509
Participation rate	34.3	37.2	33.2	33.4	35.1	35.8	36.5	33.6	32.7
Employed	1,254	1,409	1,238	1,238	1,406	1,386	1,414	1,319	1,239
Employment-population ratio	28.5	30.6	26.9	28.1	30.7	30.2	30.8	28.7	26.9
Unemployed	257	302	293	235	200	254	264	227	269
Unemployment rate	17.0	17.6	19.1	15.9	12.5	15.5	15.7	14.7	17.8
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,210	8,997	9,418	9,261	8,990	9,046	9,145	9,199	9,452
Participation rate	47.4	47.9	47.9	47.7	46.8	46.0	47.0	49.0	48.1
Employed	8,774	8,408	8,807	8,759	8,451	8,515	8,604	8,583	8,785
Employment-population ratio	45.2	44.8	44.8	45.1	44.0	43.3	44.2	45.7	44.7
Unemployed	436	589	611	502	539	531	541	616	667
Unemployment rate	4.7	6.5	6.5	5.4	6.0	5.9	5.9	6.7	7.1
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,349	36,537	36,972	36,250	36,208	36,340	36,235	36,721	36,840
Participation rate	56.7	56.7	57.1	56.5	56.7	56.8	57.0	57.0	56.9
Employed	34,957	34,832	35,508	34,848	34,757	34,785	34,709	35,015	35,357
Employment-population ratio	54.5	54.1	54.8	54.4	54.4	54.4	54.6	54.3	54.6
Unemployed	1,392	1,705	1,464	1,402	1,451	1,555	1,526	1,707	1,482
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.7	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.6	4.0
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,560	35,537	35,239	35,845	36,225	35,610	35,569	35,688	35,578
Participation rate	62.7	62.7	62.9	63.2	62.9	63.1	62.7	63.0	63.5
Employed	34,393	34,198	33,939	34,751	35,017	34,517	34,353	34,425	34,352
Employment-population ratio	60.7	60.4	60.6	61.3	60.8	61.1	60.5	60.8	61.3
Unemployed	1,167	1,339	1,300	1,094	1,208	1,092	1,216	1,263	1,226
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.8	3.7	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.4	3.5	3.4
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	64,112	65,086	65,080	64,330	64,449	64,994	65,352	65,256	65,291
Participation rate	73.2	72.5	72.8	73.4	72.8	72.8	72.8	72.7	73.0
Employed	62,469	63,340	63,217	62,886	63,047	63,622	63,800	63,724	63,653
Employment-population ratio	71.3	70.5	70.7	71.8	71.2	71.3	71.1	71.0	71.2
Unemployed	1,643	1,746	1,864	1,444	1,402	1,372	1,552	1,532	1,639
Unemployment rate	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,879	17,532	15,836	15,481	2,043	2,051
Civilian labor force	8,680	8,335	7,542	7,227	1,138	1,108
Participation rate	48.5	47.5	47.6	46.7	55.7	54.0
Employed	8,371	8,045	7,291	7,015	1,080	1,030
Employment-population ratio	46.8	45.9	46.0	45.3	52.8	50.2
Unemployed	309	290	251	212	58	78
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.5	3.3	2.9	5.1	7.0
Not in labor force	9,199	9,197	8,294	8,254	905	943
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,012	5,262	4,088	4,315	924	947
Civilian labor force	3,983	4,181	3,337	3,533	647	648
Participation rate	79.5	79.5	81.6	81.9	70.0	68.5
Employed	3,810	4,036	3,202	3,433	608	603
Employment-population ratio	76.0	76.7	78.3	79.6	65.8	63.7
Unemployed	173	145	135	100	39	45
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.5	4.0	2.8	6.0	7.0
Not in labor force	1,029	1,081	751	782	277	298
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,006	2,900	2,558	2,444	448	456
Civilian labor force	2,173	1,934	1,863	1,664	310	271
Participation rate	72.3	66.7	72.8	68.1	69.3	59.3
Employed	2,126	1,866	1,827	1,617	299	248
Employment-population ratio	70.7	64.3	71.4	66.2	66.8	54.4
Unemployed	47	68	36	46	11	22
Unemployment rate	2.2	3.5	1.9	2.8	3.6	8.2
Not in labor force	833	966	695	780	138	186
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,941	5,601	5,689	5,364	252	237
Civilian labor force	833	709	815	684	18	25
Participation rate	14.0	12.7	14.3	12.7	7.3	10.7
Employed	806	676	788	661	18	15
Employment-population ratio	13.6	12.1	13.9	12.3	7.3	6.4
Unemployed	27	33	27	23	0	10
Unemployment rate	3.2	4.6	3.3	3.3	-	-
Not in labor force	5,108	4,892	4,874	4,680	234	212
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,920	3,769	3,501	3,358	419	411
Civilian labor force	1,690	1,511	1,528	1,347	162	164
Participation rate	43.1	40.1	43.6	40.1	38.8	39.9
Employed	1,629	1,468	1,475	1,304	154	164
Employment-population ratio	41.6	38.9	42.1	38.8	36.8	39.9
Unemployed	62	43	53	43	8	0
Unemployment rate	3.6	2.9	3.5	3.2	5.1	0.0
Not in labor force	2,230	2,258	1,973	2,011	257	247
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	240,285	241,878	110,139	110,731	130,146	131,147
Civilian labor force	156,713	157,777	80,461	80,606	76,252	77,171
Participation rate	65.2	65.2	73.1	72.8	58.6	58.8
Employed	150,694	151,028	77,389	77,265	73,305	73,763
Employment-population ratio	62.7	62.4	70.3	69.8	56.3	56.2
Unemployed	6,019	6,749	3,072	3,341	2,947	3,408
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.3	3.8	4.1	3.9	4.4
Not in labor force	83,572	84,101	29,677	30,125	53,894	53,976
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,059	33,649	233,154	235,207
Civilian labor force	8,477	8,030	159,573	160,733
Participation rate	24.9	23.9	68.4	68.3
Employed	7,849	7,362	153,578	153,987
Employment-population ratio	23.0	21.9	65.9	65.5
Unemployed	627	669	5,995	6,746
Unemployment rate	7.4	8.3	3.8	4.2
Not in labor force	25,582	25,619	73,582	74,474
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,563	3,377	79,618	79,333
Participation rate	42.0	41.4	83.3	83.0
Employed	3,276	3,065	76,659	76,097
Employment-population ratio	38.6	37.6	80.2	79.6
Unemployed	287	311	2,959	3,237
Unemployment rate	8.0	9.2	3.7	4.1
Not in labor force	4,914	4,780	15,997	16,228
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,528	3,310	70,078	70,878
Participation rate	40.4	38.7	73.1	73.3
Employed	3,257	3,012	67,402	67,698
Employment-population ratio	37.3	35.3	70.3	70.0
Unemployed	271	297	2,676	3,179
Unemployment rate	7.7	9.0	3.8	4.5
Not in labor force	5,210	5,232	25,840	25,766
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,386	1,344	9,876	10,522
Participation rate	8.2	7.9	23.7	24.5
Employed	1,317	1,284	9,516	10,192
Employment-population ratio	7.8	7.6	22.9	23.7
Unemployed	70	60	360	330
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.5	3.6	3.1
Not in labor force	15,458	15,607	31,744	32,479
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	46,818	48,853	22,854	23,792	23,964	25,061
Civilian labor force	31,567	33,049	17,972	18,724	13,595	14,325
Participation rate	67.4	67.6	78.6	78.7	56.7	57.2
Employed	30,396	31,636	17,380	18,075	13,015	13,561
Employment-population ratio	64.9	64.8	76.0	76.0	54.3	54.1
Unemployed	1,171	1,413	591	649	580	764
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.3	3.3	3.5	4.3	5.3
Not in labor force	15,251	15,804	4,883	5,068	10,369	10,736
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	220,395	220,003	107,754	107,285	112,641	112,718
Civilian labor force	136,482	135,714	71,327	70,414	65,155	65,301
Participation rate	61.9	61.7	66.2	65.6	57.8	57.9
Employed	131,031	129,712	68,458	67,304	62,573	62,408
Employment-population ratio	59.5	59.0	63.5	62.7	55.6	55.4
Unemployed	5,452	6,002	2,870	3,110	2,582	2,892
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.4	4.0	4.4	4.0	4.4
Not in labor force	83,913	84,288	36,427	36,871	47,486	47,417
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,326	2,421	2,393	2,279	2,246	2,221	2,379	2,273	2,327
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,582	1,729	1,719	1,553	1,555	1,504	1,666	1,595	1,659
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	717	673	652	694	657	657	655	641	630
Unpaid family workers	27	20	22	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	159,101	159,616	158,955	159,275	159,161	158,919	158,984	159,100	159,108
Wage and salary workers(1)	150,171	150,290	149,379	150,262	149,831	149,413	149,846	149,789	149,476
Government	20,684	20,704	20,854	21,249	21,616	21,613	21,560	21,607	21,431
Private industries	129,487	129,586	128,526	128,893	128,170	127,746	128,300	128,166	127,962
Private households	681	629	613	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	128,807	128,956	127,913	128,254	127,493	127,072	127,646	127,515	127,371
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,886	9,285	9,545	8,827	9,295	9,408	9,025	9,191	9,475
Unpaid family workers	44	41	31	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,143	4,718	4,757	4,221	4,469	4,419	4,220	4,566	4,830
Slack work or business conditions	2,712	2,996	3,203	2,821	3,058	3,086	2,832	2,985	3,303
Could only find part-time work	1,003	1,301	1,133	1,017	1,134	1,042	1,144	1,195	1,144
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,506	20,566	21,050	22,030	22,253	22,662	22,341	22,036	22,561
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,084	4,661	4,677	4,149	4,404	4,340	4,138	4,491	4,737
Slack work or business conditions	2,670	2,954	3,157	2,779	3,010	3,036	2,778	2,937	3,261
Could only find part-time work	999	1,291	1,108	1,016	1,132	1,028	1,134	1,188	1,124
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,084	20,201	20,682	21,582	21,906	22,285	21,947	21,681	22,170
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	161,427	162,038	161,348	161,500	161,491	161,083	161,199	161,266	161,434
16 to 19 years	6,046	6,664	5,782	5,593	5,839	5,871	5,782	5,612	5,393
16 to 17 years	2,362	2,609	2,275	2,104	2,116	2,153	2,207	2,139	2,034
18 to 19 years	3,684	4,054	3,508	3,466	3,727	3,733	3,556	3,418	3,327
20 years and over	155,381	155,374	155,566	155,907	155,652	155,212	155,417	155,654	156,041
20 to 24 years	14,787	14,596	14,096	14,611	14,419	13,945	14,050	14,081	13,917
25 years and over	140,593	140,778	141,470	141,129	141,328	141,385	141,364	141,594	141,988
25 to 54 years	103,133	103,547	103,757	103,508	103,832	103,919	103,874	104,120	104,144
25 to 34 years	35,810	35,418	35,324	35,972	35,638	35,694	35,645	35,569	35,495
35 to 44 years	35,375	36,057	36,227	35,467	36,197	36,121	36,147	36,270	36,332
45 to 54 years	31,948	32,072	32,206	32,069	31,997	32,105	32,081	32,281	32,317
55 years and over	37,461	37,231	37,713	37,620	37,497	37,466	37,491	37,475	37,844
Men, 16 years and over	85,838	86,368	85,379	85,527	85,208	84,882	85,514	85,390	85,075
16 to 19 years	2,973	3,342	2,827	2,727	2,890	2,896	2,896	2,814	2,623
16 to 17 years	1,158	1,293	1,098	1,015	1,000	996	1,061	1,045	967
18 to 19 years	1,815	2,049	1,728	1,675	1,901	1,915	1,818	1,720	1,616
20 years and over	82,865	83,026	82,552	82,800	82,318	81,986	82,618	82,576	82,452
20 to 24 years	7,530	7,517	7,236	7,367	7,381	7,110	7,218	7,160	7,071
25 years and over	75,335	75,509	75,316	75,288	75,012	74,943	75,358	75,412	75,279
25 to 54 years	55,335	55,494	55,208	55,279	55,027	54,970	55,294	55,378	55,162
25 to 34 years	19,198	19,083	18,810	19,208	18,893	18,872	18,992	19,033	18,831
35 to 44 years	19,097	19,432	19,359	19,050	19,234	19,210	19,304	19,371	19,322
45 to 54 years	17,040	16,979	17,039	17,020	16,900	16,888	16,998	16,973	17,010
55 years and over	20,000	20,014	20,109	20,009	19,985	19,973	20,063	20,035	20,117
Women, 16 years and over	75,589	75,670	75,970	75,973	76,283	76,201	75,684	75,876	76,359
16 to 19 years	3,073	3,322	2,956	2,866	2,949	2,975	2,886	2,798	2,770
16 to 17 years	1,204	1,317	1,176	1,089	1,116	1,158	1,145	1,095	1,067
18 to 19 years	1,869	2,005	1,780	1,791	1,827	1,818	1,739	1,698	1,712
20 years and over	72,515	72,348	73,014	73,107	73,334	73,226	72,798	73,078	73,589
20 to 24 years	7,257	7,078	6,860	7,244	7,038	6,835	6,833	6,921	6,846
25 years and over	65,258	65,270	66,154	65,841	66,316	66,442	66,007	66,182	66,709
25 to 54 years	47,797	48,053	48,550	48,230	48,805	48,950	48,579	48,742	48,982
25 to 34 years	16,611	16,335	16,515	16,763	16,745	16,822	16,653	16,536	16,665
35 to 44 years	16,279	16,625	16,868	16,417	16,963	16,910	16,843	16,899	17,010
45 to 54 years	14,908	15,093	15,167	15,050	15,096	15,217	15,083	15,308	15,307
55 years and over	17,461	17,217	17,604	17,611	17,511	17,492	17,427	17,440	17,727
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,754	45,792	45,826	45,956	45,547	45,712	45,902	46,060	45,952
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,930	36,393	36,949	37,339	36,906	37,020	36,964	36,981	37,341
Women who maintain families(2)	9,719	10,066	10,130	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	135,445	135,036	134,396	134,267	133,889	133,264	133,236	133,684	133,246
Part-time workers(4)	25,982	27,002	26,953	27,201	27,718	28,004	28,054	27,729	28,256
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,778	8,402	8,236	8,069	8,383	8,399	8,340	8,473	8,538
Percent of total employed	4.8	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.3
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,989	6,911	6,911	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,603	9,957	10,197	9,521	9,952	10,065	9,681	9,831	10,105
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,340	7,163	7,115	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.2
16 to 19 years	781	795	888	12.3	11.7	12.3	12.1	12.4	14.1
16 to 17 years	286	274	363	11.9	12.6	13.6	12.6	11.3	15.1
18 to 19 years	505	534	533	12.7	11.3	11.4	11.8	13.5	13.8
20 years and over	5,559	6,368	6,227	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.8
20 to 24 years	1,119	1,168	1,184	7.1	6.7	7.9	7.5	7.7	7.8
25 years and over	4,388	5,141	4,997	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.4
25 to 54 years	3,363	3,940	3,850	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.6
25 to 34 years	1,454	1,791	1,667	3.9	3.8	4.1	4.4	4.8	4.5
35 to 44 years	1,085	1,180	1,296	3.0	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.4
45 to 54 years	824	968	887	2.5	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.7
55 years and over	1,039	1,200	1,154	2.7	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.1	3.0
Men, 16 years and over	3,587	3,903	3,875	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.4
16 to 19 years	436	426	470	13.8	13.1	14.6	12.9	13.1	15.2
16 to 17 years	140	123	205	12.1	13.8	16.6	12.3	10.5	17.5
18 to 19 years	300	309	270	15.2	12.8	13.0	13.3	15.2	14.3
20 years and over	3,151	3,477	3,405	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.0
20 to 24 years	672	612	644	8.4	6.6	8.3	8.0	7.9	8.3
25 years and over	2,428	2,808	2,718	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.6	3.5
25 to 54 years	1,847	2,134	2,033	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.6
25 to 34 years	775	945	888	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.7	4.5
35 to 44 years	589	673	659	3.0	3.0	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3
45 to 54 years	483	516	487	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.8
55 years and over	582	674	686	2.8	3.1	2.7	2.8	3.3	3.3
Women, 16 years and over	2,752	3,260	3,240	3.5	3.8	3.7	4.0	4.1	4.1
16 to 19 years	345	369	418	10.7	10.2	9.9	11.2	11.7	13.1
16 to 17 years	146	151	158	11.8	11.6	10.8	12.8	12.1	12.9
18 to 19 years	206	224	263	10.3	9.6	9.7	10.1	11.7	13.3
20 years and over	2,407	2,890	2,822	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.7
20 to 24 years	447	556	540	5.8	6.7	7.4	7.0	7.4	7.3
25 years and over	1,960	2,333	2,279	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.4	3.4	3.3
25 to 54 years	1,517	1,805	1,817	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.6	3.6	3.6
25 to 34 years	679	846	780	3.9	3.7	3.7	4.6	4.9	4.5
35 to 44 years	496	507	637	2.9	2.9	3.1	3.4	2.9	3.6
45 to 54 years	341	453	400	2.2	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.9	2.5
55 years and over	464	521	477	2.6	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.9	2.6
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	942	980	1,007	2.0	2.1	1.9	1.9	2.1	2.1
Married women, spouse present(1)	786	895	917	2.1	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.4
Women who maintain families(2)	499	592	601	4.9	4.8	4.4	6.2	5.6	5.6
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,098	5,786	5,757	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.1
Part-time workers(4)	1,259	1,361	1,357	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.2	4.7	4.6
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,053	3,649	3,431	2,946	3,241	3,220	3,176	3,490	3,328
On temporary layoff	870	1,266	922	813	871	836	813	1,062	872
Not on temporary layoff	2,183	2,382	2,510	2,132	2,370	2,384	2,362	2,427	2,456
Permanent job losers	1,600	1,669	1,743	1,545	1,756	1,764	1,643	1,682	1,688
Persons who completed temporary jobs	583	714	766	588	615	620	719	746	768
Job leavers	876	894	923	804	785	717	752	855	845
Reentrants	2,014	2,329	2,239	1,931	1,929	2,046	2,094	2,160	2,132
New entrants	680	814	821	592	574	630	708	650	718
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	46.1	47.5	46.3	47.0	49.6	48.7	47.2	48.8	47.4
On temporary layoff	13.1	16.5	12.4	13.0	13.3	12.6	12.1	14.8	12.4
Not on temporary layoff	33.0	31.0	33.8	34.0	36.3	36.0	35.1	33.9	35.0
Job leavers	13.2	11.6	12.4	12.8	12.0	10.8	11.2	11.9	12.0
Reentrants	30.4	30.3	30.2	30.8	29.5	30.9	31.1	30.2	30.4
New entrants	10.3	10.6	11.1	9.4	8.8	9.5	10.5	9.1	10.2
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.8	2.1	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.1	2.0
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3
New entrants	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,173	2,638	2,442	2,224	2,262	2,309	2,128	2,351	2,468
5 to 14 weeks	2,280	2,542	2,395	1,913	1,987	1,918	2,102	2,141	2,019
15 weeks and over	2,171	2,505	2,578	2,296	2,119	2,305	2,603	2,622	2,700
15 to 26 weeks	796	938	1,028	970	869	955	1,087	1,087	1,167
27 weeks and over	1,374	1,568	1,550	1,326	1,250	1,350	1,516	1,535	1,533
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	20.2	19.6	20.8	20.4	19.9	21.2	20.7	20.6	21.0
Median duration, in weeks	8.8	8.7	9.5	8.8	8.7	8.9	9.8	9.4	9.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	32.8	34.3	32.9	34.6	35.5	35.3	31.1	33.0	34.3
5 to 14 weeks	34.4	33.1	32.3	29.7	31.2	29.4	30.8	30.1	28.1
15 weeks and over	32.8	32.6	34.8	35.7	33.3	35.3	38.1	36.9	37.6
15 to 26 weeks	12.0	12.2	13.9	15.1	13.6	14.6	15.9	15.3	16.2
27 weeks and over	20.7	20.4	20.9	20.6	19.6	20.7	22.2	21.6	21.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024
Total, 16 years and over(1)	161,427	161,348	6,623	7,415	3.9	4.4
Management, professional, and related occupations	69,280	69,892	1,712	2,056	2.4	2.9
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,458	30,610	649	765	2.1	2.4
Professional and related occupations	38,822	39,282	1,063	1,291	2.7	3.2
Service occupations	26,646	26,640	1,344	1,401	4.8	5.0
Sales and office occupations	30,408	29,949	1,243	1,280	3.9	4.1
Sales and related occupations	14,286	14,047	580	676	3.9	4.6
Office and administrative support occupations	16,122	15,902	663	604	3.9	3.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,606	14,769	581	652	3.8	4.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,074	1,198	76	159	6.6	11.7
Construction and extraction occupations	8,530	8,700	413	363	4.6	4.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	5,002	4,871	92	130	1.8	2.6
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,486	20,099	1,024	1,194	4.8	5.6
Production occupations	8,526	7,777	282	406	3.2	5.0
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,960	12,322	742	787	5.8	6.0
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,623	7,415	3.9	4.4
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,938	5,420	3.7	4.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	16	22	2.5	3.5
Construction	424	338	3.9	3.2
Manufacturing	433	514	2.7	3.5
Durable goods	264	301	2.6	3.2
Nondurable goods	169	212	3.0	4.0
Wholesale and retail trade	766	931	3.8	4.8
Transportation and utilities	370	365	4.4	4.3
Information	106	148	4.1	6.0
Financial activities	224	297	2.2	3.0
Professional and business services	729	864	3.7	4.2
Education and health services	822	975	3.2	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	817	748	5.8	5.5
Other services	232	219	3.5	3.3
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	93	207	5.8	11.3
Government workers	599	659	2.8	3.0
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	313	309	3.1	2.9
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.6
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.8	2.1	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.1	2.0
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.9	4.5	4.4	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.2
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.1	4.8	4.6	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.4
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.8	5.4	5.2	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.9	5.1	5.0
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.2	8.2	8.0	7.1	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.8	7.9
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024	Aug. 2023	Aug. 2024
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	99,164	100,092	41,310	41,939	57,854	58,153
Persons who currently want a job	5,482	5,749	2,480	2,760	3,002	2,989
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,500	1,359	732	700	768	659
Discouraged workers(2)	364	341	247	200	117	141
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,136	1,018	485	500	652	518
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,778	8,236	3,691	3,883	4,087	4,353
Percent of total employed	4.8	5.1	4.3	4.5	5.4	5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,582	4,756	2,372	2,459	2,210	2,297
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,868	2,012	657	676	1,211	1,336
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	367	377	202	238	164	139
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	859	1,037	431	488	427	549
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July2024 - Aug.2024(p)
Total nonfarm	156,355	159,341	158,387	158,650	156,421	158,548	158,637	158,779	142
Total private	134,326	136,207	136,256	136,194	133,568	135,248	135,322	135,440	118
Goods-producing	21,916	22,066	22,116	22,123	21,637	21,812	21,832	21,842	10
Mining and logging	652	637	641	644	644	634	635	635	0
Logging	46.1	38.0	39.5	38.6	44.7	38.5	38.2	37.2	-1.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	605.5	599.2	601.7	605.3	599.1	595.9	596.4	597.7	1.3
Oil and gas extraction	118.6	120.7	121.1	120.1	117.4	120.1	119.8	118.4	-1.4
Mining (except oil and gas)	190.7	192.3	192.8	192.3	187.0	189.6	188.9	188.7	-0.2
Coal mining	43.1	44.2	44.0	43.0	43.0	44.1	43.6	43.0	-0.6
Metal ore mining	43.9	43.7	44.0	44.1	43.5	43.5	43.6	43.7	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	103.7	104.4	104.8	105.2	100.5	102.0	101.7	102.0	0.3
Support activities for mining	296.2	286.2	287.8	292.9	294.7	286.2	287.7	290.6	2.9
Construction	8,263	8,413	8,463	8,497	8,052	8,233	8,246	8,280	34
Construction of buildings	1,845.3	1,905.7	1,915.0	1,915.7	1,813.4	1,876.5	1,877.2	1,882.8	5.6
Residential building construction	937.7	961.2	963.9	967.9	923.0	948.1	946.1	950.9	4.8
Nonresidential building construction	907.6	944.5	951.1	947.8	890.4	928.4	931.1	931.9	0.8
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,177.8	1,190.8	1,191.7	1,207.8	1,124.6	1,144.8	1,142.7	1,156.2	13.5
Specialty trade contractors	5,240.0	5,316.6	5,355.8	5,373.5	5,114.0	5,211.9	5,225.8	5,240.6	14.8
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,434.3	2,467.9	2,479.4	2,473.8	2,381.3	2,410.5	2,415.7	2,416.5	0.8
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,805.7	2,848.7	2,876.4	2,899.7	2,732.7	2,801.4	2,810.1	2,824.1	14.0
Manufacturing	13,001	13,016	13,012	12,982	12,941	12,945	12,951	12,927	-24
Durable goods	8,147	8,173	8,154	8,132	8,116	8,125	8,130	8,105	-25
Wood product manufacturing	419.8	419.0	419.5	416.9	417.3	417.1	416.5	415.8	-0.7
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	425.0	428.2	428.7	429.5	419.6	422.1	423.6	423.3	-0.3
Primary metal manufacturing	377.8	375.1	373.9	373.7	377.1	373.1	372.7	372.7	0.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,456.5	1,468.6	1,467.7	1,464.1	1,455.5	1,459.6	1,461.5	1,460.5	-1.0
Machinery manufacturing	1,143.4	1,140.3	1,137.6	1,131.2	1,139.6	1,131.1	1,129.9	1,127.5	-2.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,115.0	1,106.0	1,109.0	1,101.7	1,108.3	1,100.1	1,099.6	1,097.1	-2.5
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	163.8	159.8	160.6	160.2	163.1	159.8	159.6	159.2	-0.4
Communications equipment manufacturing	86.4	86.2	85.9	84.9	86.4	85.3	85.1	84.8	-0.3
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	395.4	394.7	395.7	392.9	392.4	391.7	391.6	391.3	-0.3
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	437.7	434.1	435.5	432.2	435.4	432.4	432.5	430.9	-1.6
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	31.7	31.2	31.3	31.5	31.1	30.8	30.8	30.9	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	417.4	408.0	407.8	402.7	416.8	406.4	405.4	401.7	-3.7
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,805.8	1,859.8	1,847.0	1,854.0	1,799.6	1,854.1	1,862.0	1,850.0	-12.0
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,048.2	1,078.5	1,065.4	1,079.1	1,042.7	1,077.7	1,084.0	1,078.1	-5.9
Furniture and related product manufacturing	356.3	345.3	340.2	339.2	355.6	342.5	339.8	338.3	-1.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing	629.7	623.0	622.2	619.2	626.3	619.2	618.5	617.9	-0.6
Nondurable goods	4,854	4,843	4,858	4,850	4,825	4,820	4,821	4,822	1
Food manufacturing	1,734.1	1,738.9	1,750.7	1,755.3	1,720.5	1,738.3	1,739.6	1,743.9	4.3
Textile mills	90.4	89.7	90.4	89.5	90.1	89.3	89.8	88.8	-1.0
Textile product mills	98.0	95.3	94.6	93.8	98.3	95.6	94.6	93.2	-1.4
Apparel manufacturing	89.6	84.5	84.3	84.0	89.4	83.8	84.0	84.2	0.2
Paper manufacturing	352.3	348.2	350.3	350.1	353.5	348.4	350.2	350.6	0.4
Printing and related support activities	368.3	362.0	361.0	358.8	367.8	361.1	360.0	358.4	-1.6
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	110.6	111.7	110.7	111.8	108.2	109.0	108.3	108.8	0.5
Chemical manufacturing	901.7	904.5	908.1	901.8	900.4	900.5	902.0	900.5	-1.5
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	735.8	729.8	726.1	724.3	733.8	724.9	723.6	723.6	0.0
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	373.4	378.5	381.4	380.2	363.2	368.7	369.1	369.8	0.7
Private service-providing	112,410	114,141	114,140	114,071	111,931	113,436	113,490	113,598	108
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,712	29,017	28,974	28,924	28,840	29,036	29,045	29,047	2
Wholesale trade	6,137.5	6,200.6	6,210.2	6,201.8	6,121.6	6,169.8	6,177.1	6,182.0	4.9
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,403.5	3,456.1	3,464.1	3,458.6	3,397.2	3,442.1	3,447.4	3,448.7	1.3
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,215.3	2,232.7	2,231.4	2,228.6	2,207.7	2,215.2	2,216.9	2,220.3	3.4
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	518.7	511.8	514.7	514.6	516.7	512.5	512.8	513.0	0.2
Retail trade	15,561.9	15,683.3	15,678.5	15,619.4	15,593.8	15,664.9	15,661.5	15,650.4	-11.1
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,061.1	2,085.9	2,090.0	2,089.4	2,048.0	2,073.5	2,077.9	2,080.4	2.5
Automobile dealers	1,280.3	1,307.4	1,310.0	1,310.7	1,276.6	1,304.5	1,308.2	1,308.6	0.4
Other motor vehicle dealers	185.5	176.3	176.4	171.3	178.6	167.4	167.3	165.7	-1.6
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	595.3	602.2	603.6	607.4	592.8	601.6	602.4	606.2	3.8
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,406.1	1,434.2	1,404.5	1,377.8	1,401.5	1,381.7	1,376.6	1,374.6	-2.0
Food and beverage retailers	3,248.3	3,269.0	3,274.3	3,264.4	3,239.6	3,262.0	3,258.4	3,260.3	1.9
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	829.2	801.5	800.7	807.1	841.0	814.3	814.9	816.4	1.5
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	422.4	413.3	410.9	412.4	430.4	418.1	418.4	418.4	0.0
Electronics and appliance retailers	406.8	388.2	389.8	394.7	410.6	396.2	396.5	397.9	1.4
General merchandise retailers	3,185.0	3,248.1	3,262.6	3,253.7	3,237.1	3,282.1	3,289.2	3,287.0	-2.2
Department stores	939.7	946.4	954.7	949.0	964.0	969.4	969.7	964.5	-5.2
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,245.3	2,301.7	2,307.9	2,304.7	2,273.1	2,312.7	2,319.5	2,322.4	2.9
Health and personal care retailers	1,081.6	1,088.7	1,078.8	1,073.3	1,096.7	1,097.2	1,092.8	1,086.2	-6.6
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,075.5	1,092.2	1,092.0	1,089.3	1,062.2	1,080.0	1,079.9	1,080.1	0.2
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,142.2	1,122.5	1,125.4	1,121.0	1,139.8	1,134.8	1,131.5	1,126.0	-5.5
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,532.9	1,541.2	1,550.2	1,543.4	1,527.9	1,539.3	1,540.3	1,539.4	-0.9
Transportation and warehousing	6,434.6	6,540.3	6,490.7	6,511.9	6,548.7	6,610.9	6,616.5	6,624.4	7.9
Air transportation	559.1	580.8	579.0	579.4	555.7	576.7	575.2	577.7	2.5
Rail transportation	153.0	151.6	150.8	150.8	153.0	151.9	151.2	151.2	0.0
Water transportation	73.4	78.6	78.5	76.8	70.9	75.8	75.0	73.7	-1.3
Truck transportation	1,560.9	1,558.9	1,560.6	1,562.4	1,543.1	1,546.9	1,544.9	1,543.5	-1.4
Transit and ground passenger transportation	372.3	431.7	379.0	382.6	431.4	442.4	437.2	441.7	4.5
Pipeline transportation	52.2	54.1	55.0	53.2	51.9	54.0	54.6	53.3	-1.3
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	37.3	41.7	43.9	44.6	29.7	35.6	36.1	36.7	0.6
Support activities for transportation	825.4	848.0	853.5	852.5	823.6	851.5	855.0	855.6	0.6
Couriers and messengers	1,028.8	1,041.7	1,032.5	1,044.6	1,091.4	1,095.5	1,099.4	1,099.2	-0.2
Warehousing and storage	1,772.2	1,753.2	1,757.9	1,765.0	1,798.0	1,780.6	1,787.9	1,791.8	3.9
Utilities	577.6	592.8	594.1	591.2	576.3	590.1	589.9	589.7	-0.2
Information	3,021	3,031	3,026	3,023	2,997	3,015	3,000	2,993	-7
Motion picture and sound recording industries	419.3	460.3	462.8	458.6	404.8	449.2	448.5	444.3	-4.2
Publishing industries	944.0	931.9	929.1	927.1	936.3	925.7	920.4	916.7	-3.7
Broadcasting and content providers	342.2	340.1	337.9	336.8	343.0	340.3	338.7	337.5	-1.2
Telecommunications	641.6	627.1	624.7	627.7	641.8	626.9	623.7	624.4	0.7
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	495.8	494.8	495.6	496.0	494.5	496.5	493.9	494.4	0.5
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	177.6	177.2	175.7	177.1	176.2	176.7	174.6	175.2	0.6
Financial activities	9,278	9,279	9,319	9,313	9,223	9,248	9,247	9,258	11
Finance and insurance	6,768.0	6,760.5	6,781.6	6,776.6	6,747.2	6,751.3	6,749.4	6,754.7	5.3
Monetary authorities-central bank	22.7	22.9	23.1	23.3	22.6	22.8	22.7	23.0	0.3
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,639.4	2,589.2	2,590.3	2,587.1	2,630.3	2,584.5	2,580.4	2,582.2	1.8
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,806.6	1,779.1	1,779.2	1,776.4	1,800.6	1,774.0	1,770.8	1,770.5	-0.3
Commercial banking	1,398.4	1,366.3	1,366.4	1,363.7	1,393.0	1,362.9	1,360.1	1,359.1	-1.0
Nondepository credit intermediation	537.6	526.4	530.2	529.4	535.9	526.1	527.9	528.5	0.6
Activities related to credit intermediation	295.2	283.7	280.9	281.3	293.8	284.4	281.8	283.1	1.3
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,117.3	1,123.5	1,134.2	1,130.9	1,107.6	1,121.4	1,120.4	1,120.3	-0.1
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,988.6	3,024.9	3,034.0	3,035.3	2,986.7	3,022.6	3,025.9	3,029.2	3.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,510.2	2,518.7	2,537.0	2,535.9	2,476.1	2,496.5	2,497.5	2,503.6	6.1
Real estate	1,874.0	1,892.3	1,907.9	1,906.9	1,859.2	1,885.0	1,889.2	1,892.7	3.5
Rental and leasing services	613.0	602.7	605.3	605.2	594.0	588.2	584.8	587.4	2.6
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	23.2	23.7	23.8	23.8	22.9	23.3	23.5	23.5	0.0
Professional and business services	22,980	23,071	23,047	23,068	22,865	22,980	22,967	22,975	8
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,870.2	11,035.7	11,074.0	11,039.1	10,861.9	11,028.5	11,026.0	11,039.4	13.4
Legal services	1,180.3	1,194.5	1,192.5	1,175.9	1,182.8	1,183.7	1,182.2	1,179.9	-2.3
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,107.8	1,142.3	1,136.7	1,123.3	1,152.3	1,173.7	1,168.7	1,170.2	1.5
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,690.8	1,726.7	1,738.2	1,735.3	1,668.7	1,705.5	1,709.0	1,709.8	0.8
Specialized design services	154.7	151.7	152.9	153.4	154.2	151.8	152.6	153.3	0.7
Computer systems design and related services	2,520.4	2,539.9	2,560.5	2,559.7	2,507.6	2,546.0	2,548.4	2,551.8	3.4
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,877.1	1,902.7	1,908.5	1,899.4	1,875.5	1,901.6	1,903.1	1,901.7	-1.4
Scientific research and development services	952.1	966.2	971.7	971.7	940.7	958.0	956.9	961.1	4.2
Advertising, public relations, and related services	511.0	525.2	524.4	521.6	509.2	522.3	521.7	520.5	-1.2
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	876.0	886.5	888.6	898.8	870.7	886.0	883.5	891.2	7.7
Management of companies and enterprises	2,575.2	2,572.6	2,579.3	2,566.7	2,566.4	2,559.1	2,562.1	2,555.2	-6.9
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,534.1	9,462.7	9,393.7	9,461.7	9,436.8	9,391.9	9,379.0	9,379.9	0.9
Administrative and support services	9,025.1	8,936.7	8,867.8	8,934.9	8,934.7	8,871.4	8,859.3	8,859.2	-0.1
Office administrative services	624.2	632.3	636.7	635.0	619.7	632.2	632.8	632.7	-0.1
Facilities support services	173.3	182.6	184.1	184.4	170.7	181.5	182.3	182.1	-0.2
Employment services(1)	3,584.2	3,442.1	3,365.4	3,437.3	3,612.3	3,495.6	3,480.3	3,479.5	-0.8
Temporary help services	2,816.0	2,667.5	2,590.1	2,651.4	2,843.6	2,715.6	2,697.5	2,694.6	-2.9
Business support services	734.3	694.5	688.1	689.0	740.3	703.0	698.2	695.0	-3.2
Travel arrangement and reservation services	194.3	194.7	196.5	198.7	191.8	193.3	194.7	196.3	1.6
Investigation and security services	1,004.5	1,021.6	1,021.7	1,026.7	1,002.6	1,022.2	1,023.2	1,023.8	0.6
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,370.3	2,420.5	2,428.1	2,416.6	2,260.5	2,300.2	2,302.5	2,304.7	2.2
Other support services	340.0	348.4	347.2	347.2	336.8	343.4	345.4	345.1	-0.3
Waste management and remediation services	509.0	526.0	525.9	526.8	502.1	520.5	519.7	520.7	1.0
Private education and health services	25,218	26,143	26,095	26,190	25,479	26,336	26,391	26,438	47
Private educational services	3,567.4	3,678.9	3,576.9	3,607.9	3,826.6	3,865.9	3,862.0	3,864.7	2.7
Health care and social assistance	21,650.2	22,463.6	22,518.4	22,581.7	21,652.6	22,470.5	22,529.3	22,573.4	44.1
Health care(3)	17,056.0	17,636.9	17,708.5	17,752.0	17,045.9	17,649.8	17,701.0	17,731.9	30.9
Ambulatory health care services	8,501.3	8,797.4	8,825.9	8,861.3	8,505.6	8,808.8	8,835.4	8,859.3	23.9
Offices of physicians	2,932.7	3,031.3	3,035.0	3,042.7	2,936.7	3,036.4	3,038.4	3,045.5	7.1
Offices of dentists	1,033.9	1,043.7	1,045.1	1,045.5	1,029.5	1,041.5	1,041.8	1,040.8	-1.0
Offices of other health practitioners	1,163.5	1,205.0	1,208.5	1,221.2	1,162.6	1,210.2	1,212.1	1,220.2	8.1
Outpatient care centers	1,059.2	1,086.8	1,089.8	1,091.7	1,061.2	1,089.6	1,091.4	1,093.1	1.7
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	322.4	317.3	317.4	317.9	322.0	318.4	318.6	318.7	0.1
Home health care services	1,638.4	1,757.4	1,775.1	1,782.6	1,641.7	1,755.7	1,775.4	1,780.9	5.5
Other ambulatory health care services	351.2	355.9	355.0	359.7	351.9	357.0	357.7	360.1	2.4
Hospitals	5,364.5	5,550.0	5,577.1	5,585.8	5,360.3	5,558.3	5,574.5	5,584.1	9.6
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,190.2	3,289.5	3,305.5	3,304.9	3,180.0	3,282.7	3,291.1	3,288.5	-2.6
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,434.6	1,468.5	1,479.4	1,477.4	1,429.6	1,467.2	1,471.6	1,468.0	-3.6
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	642.4	672.7	675.6	674.9	640.7	670.4	672.8	672.6	-0.2
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	956.0	980.4	983.3	988.0	953.3	978.3	981.0	984.3	3.3
Other residential care facilities	157.2	167.9	167.2	164.6	156.4	166.8	165.7	163.7	-2.0
Social assistance	4,594.2	4,826.7	4,809.9	4,829.7	4,606.7	4,820.7	4,828.3	4,841.5	13.2
Individual and family services	3,063.0	3,245.7	3,258.0	3,273.2	3,061.9	3,242.6	3,248.2	3,266.4	18.2
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	220.4	232.4	233.0	232.0	221.9	231.7	233.1	232.9	-0.2
Vocational rehabilitation services	283.1	292.3	295.4	290.8	280.8	289.7	291.7	289.5	-2.2
Child care services	1,027.7	1,056.3	1,023.5	1,033.7	1,042.1	1,056.7	1,055.2	1,052.7	-2.5
Leisure and hospitality	17,306	17,611	17,691	17,594	16,681	16,906	16,930	16,976	46
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,807.7	2,937.3	3,001.2	2,927.3	2,549.5	2,660.0	2,667.7	2,680.0	12.3
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	612.8	661.7	662.2	669.0	588.2	629.1	635.5	645.8	10.3
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	183.3	191.0	193.8	187.7	173.7	178.3	178.0	177.9	-0.1
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	2,011.6	2,084.6	2,145.2	2,070.6	1,787.6	1,852.6	1,854.2	1,856.3	2.1
Accommodation and food services	14,498.3	14,673.6	14,689.7	14,666.6	14,131.4	14,245.6	14,262.3	14,295.8	33.5
Accommodation	2,024.6	2,035.9	2,072.3	2,045.6	1,897.5	1,912.2	1,914.5	1,918.1	3.6
Food services and drinking places	12,473.7	12,637.7	12,617.4	12,621.0	12,233.9	12,333.4	12,347.8	12,377.7	29.9
Other services	5,895	5,989	5,988	5,959	5,846	5,915	5,910	5,911	1
Repair and maintenance	1,467.5	1,493.6	1,486.0	1,483.2	1,459.8	1,481.4	1,475.6	1,478.1	2.5
Personal and laundry services	1,546.9	1,569.3	1,572.7	1,570.8	1,543.0	1,555.0	1,561.7	1,563.7	2.0
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,880.3	2,925.7	2,929.5	2,904.9	2,842.9	2,878.5	2,872.7	2,869.1	-3.6
Government	22,029	23,134	22,131	22,456	22,853	23,300	23,315	23,339	24
Federal	2,946	2,996	3,010	3,006	2,939	2,996	2,996	2,997	1
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,344.4	2,391.6	2,401.4	2,405.2	2,332.4	2,388.3	2,389.6	2,391.1	1.5
U.S. Postal Service	601.4	603.9	608.4	601.1	606.9	607.4	606.6	605.7	-0.9
State government	5,069	5,186	5,108	5,184	5,329	5,436	5,446	5,447	1
State government education	2,312.9	2,357.2	2,268.5	2,338.2	2,586.3	2,624.7	2,624.5	2,621.3	-3.2
State government, excluding education	2,755.9	2,828.5	2,839.3	2,846.1	2,742.5	2,811.1	2,821.5	2,826.0	4.5
Local government	14,014	14,952	14,013	14,266	14,585	14,868	14,873	14,895	22
Local government education	7,231.6	7,981.4	6,992.1	7,292.9	7,989.1	8,070.4	8,090.7	8,095.9	5.2
Local government, excluding education	6,782.2	6,970.8	7,020.8	6,972.7	6,596.0	6,797.5	6,782.5	6,799.2	16.7
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.3	34.2	34.3
Goods-producing	39.9	40.0	39.7	39.8
Mining and logging	45.3	44.5	44.2	44.6
Construction	39.1	39.3	38.9	39.0
Manufacturing	40.1	40.2	39.9	40.0
Durable goods	40.7	40.6	40.3	40.5
Nondurable goods	39.1	39.5	39.3	39.2
Private service-providing	33.3	33.2	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	33.8	33.9	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.8	39.0	39.2	39.4
Retail trade	29.9	29.6	29.7	29.7
Transportation and warehousing	38.3	38.1	38.0	38.0
Utilities	41.9	42.2	42.0	42.4
Information	36.5	36.5	36.6	36.6
Financial activities	37.4	37.5	37.3	37.5
Professional and business services	36.5	36.4	36.5	36.5
Private education and health services	33.4	33.1	33.0	33.1
Leisure and hospitality	25.3	25.3	25.3	25.2
Other services	32.2	32.3	32.3	32.2
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.9	3.0	2.9	3.0
Durable goods	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0
Nondurable goods	2.7	2.9	3.0	2.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)
Total private	$33.91	$34.99	$35.07	$35.21	$1,166.50	$1,200.16	$1,199.39	$1,207.70
Goods-producing	34.33	35.73	35.83	35.95	1,369.77	1,429.20	1,422.45	1,430.81
Mining and logging	38.26	39.80	39.66	39.71	1,733.18	1,771.10	1,752.97	1,771.07
Construction	36.76	38.11	38.25	38.36	1,437.32	1,497.72	1,487.93	1,496.04
Manufacturing	32.63	34.04	34.12	34.24	1,308.46	1,368.41	1,361.39	1,369.60
Durable goods	34.17	36.04	36.13	36.21	1,390.72	1,463.22	1,456.04	1,466.51
Nondurable goods	29.95	30.56	30.64	30.83	1,171.05	1,207.12	1,204.15	1,208.54
Private service-providing	33.82	34.81	34.89	35.04	1,126.21	1,155.69	1,158.35	1,163.33
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29.21	29.93	29.95	30.09	990.22	1,011.63	1,015.31	1,020.05
Wholesale trade	37.00	37.68	37.70	37.71	1,435.60	1,469.52	1,477.84	1,485.77
Retail trade	24.02	24.42	24.40	24.57	718.20	722.83	724.68	729.73
Transportation and warehousing	29.49	30.62	30.67	30.79	1,129.47	1,166.62	1,165.46	1,170.02
Utilities	49.96	50.78	51.08	51.57	2,093.32	2,142.92	2,145.36	2,186.57
Information	48.44	49.57	49.78	50.24	1,768.06	1,809.31	1,821.95	1,838.78
Financial activities	43.89	45.45	45.60	45.89	1,641.49	1,704.38	1,700.88	1,720.88
Professional and business services	40.69	42.15	42.27	42.44	1,485.19	1,534.26	1,542.86	1,549.06
Private education and health services	33.32	34.18	34.26	34.34	1,112.89	1,131.36	1,130.58	1,136.65
Leisure and hospitality	21.33	22.06	22.13	22.18	539.65	558.12	559.89	558.94
Other services	30.61	31.39	31.59	31.72	985.64	1,013.90	1,020.36	1,021.38
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)	Percent change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)	Percent change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)
Total private	115.3	116.5	116.2	116.6	0.3	187.0	194.8	194.8	196.3	0.8
Goods-producing	98.4	99.4	98.7	99.0	0.3	152.6	160.5	159.9	160.9	0.6
Mining and logging	91.7	88.7	88.2	89.0	0.9	140.8	141.7	140.4	141.9	1.1
Construction	108.5	111.5	110.6	111.3	0.6	173.3	184.7	183.8	185.5	0.9
Manufacturing	93.4	93.6	93.0	93.0	0.0	141.7	148.2	147.5	148.1	0.4
Durable goods	93.0	92.9	92.2	92.4	0.2	141.1	148.7	148.0	148.6	0.4
Nondurable goods	94.2	95.0	94.6	94.3	-0.3	143.1	147.4	147.0	147.6	0.4
Private service-providing	120.0	121.2	121.3	121.4	0.1	197.3	205.2	205.7	206.8	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.8	107.2	107.6	107.6	0.0	168.3	173.1	173.8	174.6	0.5
Wholesale trade	104.8	106.1	106.8	107.4	0.6	162.2	167.3	168.4	169.5	0.7
Retail trade	94.9	94.4	94.7	94.6	-0.1	150.7	152.4	152.7	153.7	0.7
Transportation and warehousing	144.1	144.7	144.5	144.6	0.1	216.2	225.4	225.4	226.6	0.5
Utilities	104.5	107.7	107.2	108.2	0.9	172.5	180.8	180.9	184.3	1.9
Information	99.9	100.5	100.3	100.1	-0.2	172.3	177.4	177.8	179.0	0.7
Financial activities	113.0	113.6	113.0	113.7	0.6	193.4	201.4	201.0	203.6	1.3
Professional and business services	130.6	130.9	131.1	131.2	0.1	215.2	223.4	224.6	225.5	0.4
Private education and health services	139.0	142.3	142.2	142.9	0.5	222.7	234.1	234.4	236.1	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	120.4	122.0	122.2	122.1	-0.1	207.2	217.2	218.2	218.4	0.1
Other services	108.5	110.2	110.1	109.7	-0.4	182.1	189.5	190.6	190.8	0.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)
Total nonfarm	77,933	78,965	79,040	79,094	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.8
Total private	64,609	65,369	65,411	65,464	48.4	48.3	48.3	48.3
Goods-producing	4,985	5,012	5,014	5,011	23.0	23.0	23.0	22.9
Mining and logging	84	87	86	86	13.0	13.7	13.5	13.5
Construction	1,144	1,175	1,178	1,180	14.2	14.3	14.3	14.3
Manufacturing	3,757	3,750	3,750	3,745	29.0	29.0	29.0	29.0
Durable goods	2,022	2,010	2,006	2,004	24.9	24.7	24.7	24.7
Nondurable goods	1,735	1,740	1,744	1,741	36.0	36.1	36.2	36.1
Private service-providing	59,624	60,357	60,397	60,453	53.3	53.2	53.2	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,296	11,288	11,302	11,293	39.2	38.9	38.9	38.9
Wholesale trade	1,879.5	1,869.7	1,879.2	1,881.3	30.7	30.3	30.4	30.4
Retail trade	7,516.8	7,520.7	7,522.7	7,515.5	48.2	48.0	48.0	48.0
Transportation and warehousing	1,747.8	1,742.8	1,745.0	1,741.3	26.7	26.4	26.4	26.3
Utilities	151.9	155.1	154.6	154.7	26.4	26.3	26.2	26.2
Information	1,224	1,202	1,195	1,197	40.8	39.9	39.8	40.0
Financial activities	5,120	5,143	5,138	5,141	55.5	55.6	55.6	55.5
Professional and business services	10,532	10,531	10,501	10,513	46.1	45.8	45.7	45.8
Private education and health services	19,594	20,240	20,268	20,310	76.9	76.9	76.8	76.8
Leisure and hospitality	8,738	8,796	8,833	8,837	52.4	52.0	52.2	52.1
Other services	3,120	3,157	3,160	3,162	53.4	53.4	53.5	53.5
Government	13,324	13,596	13,629	13,630	58.3	58.4	58.5	58.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)
Total private	108,576	110,119	110,159	110,267
Goods-producing	15,478	15,538	15,542	15,558
Mining and logging	495	489	488	490
Construction	5,914	6,005	6,012	6,036
Manufacturing	9,069	9,044	9,042	9,032
Durable goods	5,593	5,544	5,537	5,526
Nondurable goods	3,476	3,500	3,505	3,506
Private service-providing	93,098	94,581	94,617	94,709
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,298	24,530	24,561	24,570
Wholesale trade	4,833.7	4,872.7	4,883.9	4,893.0
Retail trade	13,289.6	13,418.6	13,427.7	13,422.2
Transportation and warehousing	5,717.1	5,769.4	5,780.5	5,786.2
Utilities	457.8	469.3	468.9	468.6
Information	2,400	2,414	2,407	2,391
Financial activities	6,906	6,970	6,970	6,982
Professional and business services	18,055	18,106	18,087	18,080
Private education and health services	22,147	22,979	23,035	23,092
Leisure and hospitality	14,525	14,771	14,756	14,797
Other services	4,767	4,811	4,801	4,797
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.8	33.7	33.7	33.7
Goods-producing	40.6	40.7	40.5	40.6
Mining and logging	47.8	47.0	46.6	46.7
Construction	39.8	40.1	39.7	39.8
Manufacturing	40.8	40.8	40.6	40.7
Durable goods	41.0	41.0	40.7	41.0
Nondurable goods	40.4	40.4	40.5	40.3
Private service-providing	32.7	32.6	32.5	32.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	33.9	33.9	34.0
Wholesale trade	38.8	39.0	39.1	39.3
Retail trade	30.4	30.2	30.2	30.2
Transportation and warehousing	37.6	37.6	37.5	37.5
Utilities	42.3	42.6	42.5	42.5
Information	36.1	35.6	35.5	35.5
Financial activities	37.0	37.0	37.0	37.0
Professional and business services	36.3	36.4	36.4	36.4
Private education and health services	32.5	32.2	32.2	32.1
Leisure and hospitality	24.1	24.0	23.9	23.9
Other services	31.2	31.3	31.2	31.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.7
Durable goods	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7
Nondurable goods	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.6
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)
Total private	$29.09	$30.07	$30.16	$30.27	$983.24	$1,013.36	$1,016.39	$1,020.10
Goods-producing	29.76	31.06	31.20	31.26	1,208.26	1,264.14	1,263.60	1,269.16
Mining and logging	34.06	36.32	36.40	36.52	1,628.07	1,707.04	1,696.24	1,705.48
Construction	34.49	35.58	35.71	35.81	1,372.70	1,426.76	1,417.69	1,425.24
Manufacturing	26.48	27.79	27.94	27.96	1,080.38	1,133.83	1,134.36	1,137.97
Durable goods	27.59	29.28	29.51	29.48	1,131.19	1,200.48	1,201.06	1,208.68
Nondurable goods	24.66	25.38	25.46	25.51	996.26	1,025.35	1,031.13	1,028.05
Private service-providing	28.95	29.86	29.95	30.07	946.67	973.44	973.38	977.28
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25.39	26.02	26.02	26.14	863.26	882.08	882.08	888.76
Wholesale trade	30.51	31.26	31.26	31.28	1,183.79	1,219.14	1,222.27	1,229.30
Retail trade	20.60	20.93	20.92	21.04	626.24	632.09	631.78	635.41
Transportation and warehousing	28.20	29.17	29.21	29.36	1,060.32	1,096.79	1,095.38	1,101.00
Utilities	44.43	45.22	45.07	45.21	1,879.39	1,926.37	1,915.48	1,921.43
Information	39.86	40.78	40.70	40.73	1,438.95	1,451.77	1,444.85	1,445.92
Financial activities	34.01	35.74	35.82	35.94	1,258.37	1,322.38	1,325.34	1,329.78
Professional and business services	34.38	35.50	35.70	35.91	1,247.99	1,292.20	1,299.48	1,307.12
Private education and health services	30.37	31.35	31.45	31.57	987.03	1,009.47	1,012.69	1,013.40
Leisure and hospitality	18.92	19.53	19.60	19.66	455.97	468.72	468.44	469.87
Other services	26.43	27.12	27.27	27.36	824.62	848.86	850.82	856.37
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)	Percent change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Aug. 2024(p)	Percent change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)
Total private	122.3	123.7	123.7	123.8	0.1	237.8	248.5	249.4	250.5	0.4
Goods-producing	96.0	96.6	96.2	96.5	0.3	175.0	183.8	183.8	184.8	0.5
Mining and logging	125.7	122.1	120.8	121.6	0.7	249.1	258.0	255.8	258.3	1.0
Construction	117.9	120.6	119.5	120.3	0.7	219.5	231.6	230.4	232.6	1.0
Manufacturing	84.9	84.7	84.3	84.4	0.1	147.1	153.9	154.0	154.3	0.2
Durable goods	86.1	85.4	84.7	85.1	0.5	148.4	156.1	156.0	156.6	0.4
Nondurable goods	82.7	83.3	83.6	83.2	-0.5	144.2	149.4	150.5	150.1	-0.3
Private service-providing	129.7	131.4	131.0	131.1	0.1	257.6	269.1	269.1	270.5	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115.6	116.4	116.6	116.9	0.3	209.8	216.5	216.7	218.5	0.8
Wholesale trade	111.3	112.8	113.3	114.1	0.7	200.4	208.1	209.1	210.7	0.8
Retail trade	102.4	102.7	102.8	102.8	0.0	180.9	184.4	184.4	185.4	0.5
Transportation and warehousing	162.7	164.2	164.1	164.2	0.1	292.0	304.8	305.0	306.9	0.6
Utilities	99.0	102.2	101.9	101.9	0.0	183.7	193.0	191.7	192.2	0.3
Information	98.9	98.1	97.5	96.9	-0.6	195.1	198.0	196.5	195.4	-0.6
Financial activities	120.3	121.4	121.4	121.6	0.2	251.6	266.9	267.5	268.8	0.5
Professional and business services	146.3	147.1	147.0	146.9	-0.1	299.2	310.7	312.1	313.8	0.5
Private education and health services	153.5	157.8	158.1	158.0	-0.1	307.6	326.4	328.3	329.3	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	128.2	129.9	129.2	129.5	0.2	275.5	288.0	287.5	289.2	0.6
Other services	104.3	105.6	105.1	105.3	0.2	200.9	208.7	208.7	209.9	0.6
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.