Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-25-0452
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, April 4, 2025

Technical information: 
 Household data:      (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	      (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                             THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MARCH 2025


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 228,000 in March, and the unemployment rate changed
little at 4.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred
in health care, in social assistance, and in transportation and warehousing. Employment also
increased in retail trade, partially reflecting the return of workers from a strike. Federal
government employment declined.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about
the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.2 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.1 million,
changed little in March. The unemployment rate has remained in a narrow range of 4.0 percent to
4.2 percent since May 2024. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.8 percent), adult women
(3.7 percent), teenagers (13.7 percent), Whites (3.7 percent), Blacks (6.2 percent), Asians
(3.5 percent), and Hispanics (5.1 percent) showed little or no change in March. (See tables
A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.5 million,
changed little in March. The long-term unemployed accounted for 21.3 percent of all unemployed
people. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.5 percent, changed little over the month and over
the year. The employment-population ratio held at 59.9 percent in March. (See table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.8 million, changed little
in March. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See
table A-8.)

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job was essentially unchanged
at 5.9 million in March. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were
not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to
take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force, at 1.7 million, was essentially unchanged in March. These individuals
wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months
but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for
them, changed little at 509,000 in March. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 228,000 in March, higher than the average monthly
gain of 158,000 over the prior 12 months. In March, job gains occurred in health care, in
social assistance, and in transportation and warehousing. Employment also increased in retail
trade, partially reflecting the return of workers from a strike. Federal government employment
declined. (See table B-1.)

Health care added 54,000 jobs in March, in line with the average monthly gain of 52,000 over
the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment continued to trend up in ambulatory health
care services (+20,000), hospitals (+17,000), and nursing and residential care facilities
(+17,000).

In March, employment in social assistance increased by 24,000, higher than the average monthly
gain of 19,000 over the prior 12 months. Over the month, individual and family services added
22,000 jobs.

Retail trade added 24,000 jobs in March, as workers returning from a strike contributed to a
job gain in food and beverage retailers (+21,000). General merchandise retailers lost 5,000
jobs. Employment in retail trade changed little over the year.

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 23,000 in March, about double the prior
12-month average gain of 12,000. In March, job gains in couriers and messengers (+16,000) and
truck transportation (+10,000) were partially offset by a job loss in warehousing and storage
(-9,000).

Within government, federal government employment declined by 4,000 in March, following a loss
of 11,000 jobs in February. (Employees on paid leave or receiving ongoing severance pay are
counted as employed in the establishment survey.) 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; manufacturing; wholesale trade;
information; financial activities; professional and business services; leisure and hospitality;
and other services.

In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 9
cents, or 0.3 percent, to $36.00. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have
increased by 3.8 percent. In March, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees edged up by 5 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $30.96. (See tables B-3 and
B-8.)

In March, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at
34.2 hours. In manufacturing, the average workweek was little changed at 40.2 hours, and
overtime was unchanged at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2 hour to 33.8 hours in March. (See
tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised down by 14,000, from
+125,000 to +111,000, and the change for February was revised down by 34,000, from +151,000
to +117,000. With these revisions, employment in January and February combined is 48,000 lower
than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the
recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 2, 2025,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Change from: Feb. 2025- Mar. 2025
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,884	272,685	272,847	273,023	176
Civilian labor force	167,922	170,744	170,359	170,591	232
Participation rate	62.7	62.6	62.4	62.5	0.1
Employed	161,425	163,895	163,307	163,508	201
Employment-population ratio	60.3	60.1	59.9	59.9	0.0
Unemployed	6,497	6,849	7,052	7,083	31
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.2	0.1
Not in labor force	99,963	101,941	102,487	102,431	-56
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.2	0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.8	0.0
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.6	11.8	12.9	13.7	0.8
White	3.4	3.5	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Black or African American	6.4	6.2	6.0	6.2	0.2
Asian	2.6	3.7	3.2	3.5	0.3
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.5	4.8	5.2	5.1	-0.1
Total, 25 years and over	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Less than a high school diploma	5.0	5.2	6.0	5.8	-0.2
High school graduates, no college	4.1	4.5	4.2	4.1	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5	0.0
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.6	0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,053	3,235	3,316	3,313	-3
Job leavers	823	912	918	870	-48
Reentrants	1,938	2,124	2,208	2,176	-32
New entrants	674	659	662	739	77
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,206	2,290	2,337	2,362	25
5 to 14 weeks	1,977	1,935	2,152	2,146	-6
15 to 26 weeks	980	1,161	1,031	1,006	-25
27 weeks and over	1,254	1,443	1,455	1,495	40
Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,305	4,477	4,937	4,780	-157
Slack work or business conditions	2,965	2,893	3,292	3,156	-136
Could only find part-time work	1,020	1,195	1,253	1,255	2
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,872	22,299	22,435	22,625	190
People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,590	1,590	1,704	1,687	-17
Discouraged workers	341	592	464	509	45
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	246	111	117	228
Total private	169	79	116	209
Goods-producing	23	-11	26	12
Mining and logging	4	-3	4	-2
Construction	34	-3	14	13
Manufacturing	-15	-5	8	1
Durable goods(1)	-10	-7	7	-3
Motor vehicles and parts	1.4	-10.2	8.6	-0.2
Nondurable goods	-5	2	1	4
Private service-providing	146	90	90	197
Wholesale trade	8.5	-4.3	5.4	-2.0
Retail trade	15.1	35.7	-1.8	23.7
Transportation and warehousing	12.0	21.3	16.2	22.9
Utilities	-0.8	1.4	1.6	3.0
Information	-4	-4	1	-2
Financial activities	-3	14	16	9
Professional and business services(1)	-24	-35	7	3
Temporary help services	-9.1	-8.0	-10.1	-6.4
Private education and health services(1)	87	62	60	77
Health care and social assistance	82.4	62.1	51.1	77.8
Leisure and hospitality	37	-14	-17	43
Other services	18	13	2	19
Government	77	32	1	19
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	196	232	184	152
Total private	131	203	161	135
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.8
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.3
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.4	81.5	81.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.1	34.2	34.2
Average hourly earnings	$34.67	$35.83	$35.91	$36.00
Average weekly earnings	$1,192.65	$1,221.80	$1,228.12	$1,231.20
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.9	116.0	116.4	116.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.4	-0.2	0.3	0.2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	192.1	198.6	199.8	200.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.8	0.2	0.6	0.4
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	50.8	53.2	56.0	54.2
Manufacturing (72 industries)	30.6	47.9	54.2	45.1
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 136,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
   employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment
   estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period.
   Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in
   the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid,
   please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 631,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-86,000 to +186,000 (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	267,884	272,847	273,023	267,884	269,463	269,638	272,685	272,847	273,023
Civilian labor force	167,960	170,116	170,653	167,922	168,304	168,547	170,744	170,359	170,591
Participation rate	62.7	62.3	62.5	62.7	62.5	62.5	62.6	62.4	62.5
Employed	161,356	162,544	163,412	161,425	161,183	161,661	163,895	163,307	163,508
Employment-population ratio	60.2	59.6	59.9	60.3	59.8	60.0	60.1	59.9	59.9
Unemployed	6,604	7,572	7,242	6,497	7,121	6,886	6,849	7,052	7,083
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.5	4.2	3.9	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.2
Not in labor force	99,924	102,731	102,369	99,963	101,159	101,091	101,941	102,487	102,431
People who currently want a job	5,110	5,809	5,600	5,461	5,483	5,505	5,479	5,893	5,915
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,605	133,089	133,175	130,605	131,371	131,455	133,010	133,089	133,175
Civilian labor force	88,892	89,792	90,318	88,864	89,151	89,295	90,393	89,987	90,244
Participation rate	68.1	67.5	67.8	68.0	67.9	67.9	68.0	67.6	67.8
Employed	85,253	85,519	86,216	85,464	85,318	85,620	86,733	86,226	86,443
Employment-population ratio	65.3	64.3	64.7	65.4	64.9	65.1	65.2	64.8	64.9
Unemployed	3,639	4,273	4,102	3,400	3,833	3,675	3,660	3,761	3,800
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.8	4.5	3.8	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.2
Not in labor force	41,713	43,297	42,857	41,741	42,220	42,160	42,617	43,102	42,932
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,685	123,996	124,082	121,685	122,398	122,480	123,918	123,996	124,082
Civilian labor force	85,656	86,634	87,135	85,449	85,982	85,945	87,067	86,594	86,887
Participation rate	70.4	69.9	70.2	70.2	70.2	70.2	70.3	69.8	70.0
Employed	82,457	82,838	83,485	82,516	82,633	82,739	83,803	83,311	83,563
Employment-population ratio	67.8	66.8	67.3	67.8	67.5	67.6	67.6	67.2	67.3
Unemployed	3,199	3,796	3,650	2,933	3,348	3,206	3,264	3,283	3,324
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.4	4.2	3.4	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8
Not in labor force	36,029	37,362	36,946	36,236	36,417	36,535	36,851	37,402	37,195
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	137,279	139,758	139,848	137,279	138,092	138,183	139,674	139,758	139,848
Civilian labor force	79,068	80,323	80,336	79,057	79,153	79,252	80,351	80,372	80,348
Participation rate	57.6	57.5	57.4	57.6	57.3	57.4	57.5	57.5	57.5
Employed	76,103	77,025	77,195	75,961	75,865	76,041	77,162	77,081	77,065
Employment-population ratio	55.4	55.1	55.2	55.3	54.9	55.0	55.2	55.2	55.1
Unemployed	2,965	3,298	3,140	3,096	3,288	3,211	3,189	3,291	3,283
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.1	3.9	3.9	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.1
Not in labor force	58,211	59,435	59,512	58,222	58,939	58,931	59,324	59,385	59,500
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,659	130,991	131,080	128,659	129,428	129,518	130,908	130,991	131,080
Civilian labor force	75,945	77,276	77,153	75,769	75,920	75,994	77,203	77,115	76,997
Participation rate	59.0	59.0	58.9	58.9	58.7	58.7	59.0	58.9	58.7
Employed	73,304	74,320	74,398	73,048	72,988	73,135	74,380	74,205	74,159
Employment-population ratio	57.0	56.7	56.8	56.8	56.4	56.5	56.8	56.6	56.6
Unemployed	2,642	2,956	2,754	2,721	2,932	2,859	2,822	2,910	2,838
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7
Not in labor force	52,714	53,715	53,927	52,890	53,509	53,524	53,706	53,876	54,082
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,540	17,860	17,862	17,540	17,636	17,640	17,859	17,860	17,862
Civilian labor force	6,359	6,205	6,366	6,704	6,403	6,607	6,474	6,650	6,707
Participation rate	36.3	34.7	35.6	38.2	36.3	37.5	36.3	37.2	37.6
Employed	5,595	5,386	5,528	5,861	5,562	5,786	5,712	5,792	5,786
Employment-population ratio	31.9	30.2	31.0	33.4	31.5	32.8	32.0	32.4	32.4
Unemployed	764	820	837	843	841	821	763	858	921
Unemployment rate	12.0	13.2	13.2	12.6	13.1	12.4	11.8	12.9	13.7
Not in labor force	11,181	11,655	11,496	10,836	11,233	11,033	11,385	11,210	11,154
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	204,752	207,147	207,221	204,752	205,521	205,598	207,088	207,147	207,221
Civilian labor force	127,640	128,371	128,796	127,590	127,710	127,827	128,988	128,548	128,769
Participation rate	62.3	62.0	62.2	62.3	62.1	62.2	62.3	62.1	62.1
Employed	123,175	123,128	123,888	123,249	122,856	123,213	124,431	123,726	123,993
Employment-population ratio	60.2	59.4	59.8	60.2	59.8	59.9	60.1	59.7	59.8
Unemployed	4,465	5,243	4,908	4,341	4,854	4,614	4,557	4,822	4,776
Unemployment rate	3.5	4.1	3.8	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.7
Not in labor force	77,112	78,776	78,425	77,161	77,811	77,770	78,100	78,599	78,452
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,098	66,344	66,564	65,967	66,289	66,244	66,794	66,365	66,454
Participation rate	70.0	69.4	69.6	69.8	69.9	69.8	69.9	69.4	69.5
Employed	63,906	63,619	64,087	64,001	63,965	64,087	64,721	64,049	64,217
Employment-population ratio	67.7	66.5	67.0	67.8	67.5	67.6	67.7	67.0	67.1
Unemployed	2,193	2,725	2,477	1,967	2,324	2,156	2,073	2,316	2,237
Unemployment rate	3.3	4.1	3.7	3.0	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.5	3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,614	57,233	57,333	56,481	56,462	56,502	57,063	57,060	57,193
Participation rate	58.0	58.0	58.1	57.9	57.6	57.6	57.8	57.8	57.9
Employed	54,849	55,254	55,489	54,675	54,545	54,607	55,195	55,117	55,307
Employment-population ratio	56.2	56.0	56.2	56.0	55.7	55.7	55.9	55.8	56.0
Unemployed	1,765	1,979	1,844	1,806	1,916	1,895	1,868	1,943	1,887
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,928	4,795	4,900	5,142	4,959	5,082	5,131	5,123	5,122
Participation rate	38.8	37.4	38.2	40.5	39.0	40.0	40.0	39.9	40.0
Employed	4,420	4,255	4,312	4,574	4,346	4,519	4,516	4,560	4,470
Employment-population ratio	34.8	33.2	33.6	36.0	34.2	35.5	35.2	35.6	34.9
Unemployed	508	540	588	569	613	563	616	562	653
Unemployment rate	10.3	11.3	12.0	11.1	12.4	11.1	12.0	11.0	12.7
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,883	35,653	35,687	34,883	35,161	35,194	35,621	35,653	35,687
Civilian labor force	22,124	22,256	22,166	22,160	21,952	21,971	22,260	22,340	22,196
Participation rate	63.4	62.4	62.1	63.5	62.4	62.4	62.5	62.7	62.2
Employed	20,689	20,890	20,787	20,737	20,556	20,640	20,874	21,002	20,826
Employment-population ratio	59.3	58.6	58.2	59.4	58.5	58.6	58.6	58.9	58.4
Unemployed	1,435	1,366	1,380	1,423	1,396	1,331	1,386	1,339	1,370
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.1	6.2	6.4	6.4	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.2
Not in labor force	12,759	13,398	13,520	12,723	13,208	13,223	13,361	13,313	13,491
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,303	10,313	10,522	10,308	10,267	10,207	10,451	10,347	10,511
Participation rate	69.5	68.0	69.3	69.5	68.7	68.2	69.0	68.3	69.3
Employed	9,624	9,695	9,836	9,670	9,655	9,631	9,728	9,773	9,870
Employment-population ratio	64.9	64.0	64.8	65.2	64.6	64.4	64.2	64.5	65.1
Unemployed	679	618	686	638	612	576	723	574	641
Unemployment rate	6.6	6.0	6.5	6.2	6.0	5.6	6.9	5.5	6.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,014	11,172	10,860	11,002	10,953	10,986	11,133	11,174	10,857
Participation rate	63.1	62.7	60.9	63.0	62.3	62.4	62.5	62.7	60.9
Employed	10,416	10,572	10,325	10,386	10,301	10,388	10,534	10,566	10,300
Employment-population ratio	59.7	59.3	57.9	59.5	58.6	59.0	59.2	59.3	57.8
Unemployed	598	600	535	615	651	598	598	607	557
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.4	4.9	5.6	5.9	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	807	770	785	851	733	778	677	820	828
Participation rate	31.0	28.8	29.3	32.7	27.8	29.5	25.3	30.6	30.9
Employed	649	623	626	681	600	621	612	662	655
Employment-population ratio	24.9	23.3	23.4	26.2	22.8	23.5	22.9	24.8	24.5
Unemployed	159	147	159	170	133	157	64	157	172
Unemployment rate	19.6	19.1	20.3	20.0	18.1	20.2	9.5	19.2	20.8
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,781	19,097	19,241	17,781	18,213	18,174	19,111	19,097	19,241
Civilian labor force	11,442	12,483	12,688	11,420	11,759	11,680	12,359	12,512	12,653
Participation rate	64.3	65.4	65.9	64.2	64.6	64.3	64.7	65.5	65.8
Employed	11,157	12,086	12,258	11,123	11,318	11,267	11,906	12,113	12,213
Employment-population ratio	62.7	63.3	63.7	62.6	62.1	62.0	62.3	63.4	63.5
Unemployed	285	398	430	296	441	413	453	399	441
Unemployment rate	2.5	3.2	3.4	2.6	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.2	3.5
Not in labor force	6,339	6,614	6,553	6,362	6,454	6,494	6,752	6,585	6,588
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,565	50,977	51,083	48,565	49,385	49,483	50,869	50,977	51,083
Civilian labor force	32,459	34,031	34,398	32,467	33,039	33,415	33,997	34,083	34,330
Participation rate	66.8	66.8	67.3	66.9	66.9	67.5	66.8	66.9	67.2
Employed	30,948	32,109	32,592	31,006	31,297	31,702	32,373	32,301	32,578
Employment-population ratio	63.7	63.0	63.8	63.8	63.4	64.1	63.6	63.4	63.8
Unemployed	1,510	1,921	1,806	1,461	1,743	1,713	1,623	1,782	1,752
Unemployment rate	4.7	5.6	5.2	4.5	5.3	5.1	4.8	5.2	5.1
Not in labor force	16,106	16,947	16,685	16,098	16,345	16,068	16,873	16,895	16,753
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,512	18,128	18,350	17,464	17,716	17,885	18,249	18,150	18,301
Participation rate	79.8	78.5	79.3	79.6	79.4	79.9	79.2	78.6	79.1
Employed	16,781	17,176	17,449	16,801	16,941	17,162	17,518	17,314	17,476
Employment-population ratio	76.4	74.4	75.4	76.5	75.9	76.7	76.0	75.0	75.5
Unemployed	732	952	900	663	775	723	731	836	825
Unemployment rate	4.2	5.3	4.9	3.8	4.4	4.0	4.0	4.6	4.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,473	14,353	14,445	13,497	13,879	13,985	14,204	14,347	14,398
Participation rate	61.1	62.1	62.3	61.2	61.9	62.2	61.6	62.1	62.1
Employed	12,847	13,592	13,768	12,883	13,154	13,241	13,564	13,621	13,732
Employment-population ratio	58.3	58.8	59.4	58.4	58.6	58.9	58.8	58.9	59.3
Unemployed	627	761	677	614	724	744	640	726	666
Unemployment rate	4.7	5.3	4.7	4.5	5.2	5.3	4.5	5.1	4.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,473	1,550	1,604	1,505	1,445	1,545	1,544	1,586	1,631
Participation rate	32.3	32.6	33.6	33.0	31.2	33.3	32.5	33.3	34.2
Employed	1,321	1,342	1,375	1,321	1,201	1,298	1,291	1,366	1,370
Employment-population ratio	29.0	28.2	28.8	29.0	26.0	28.0	27.2	28.7	28.8
Unemployed	152	209	229	184	244	247	252	220	261
Unemployment rate	10.3	13.5	14.3	12.2	16.9	16.0	16.3	13.8	16.0
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,864	8,746	8,986	8,936	9,074	9,219	9,346	9,060	9,061
Participation rate	46.0	46.6	47.7	46.4	47.2	47.6	47.4	48.3	48.1
Employed	8,349	8,087	8,392	8,493	8,530	8,700	8,858	8,519	8,538
Employment-population ratio	43.4	43.1	44.5	44.1	44.3	44.9	44.9	45.4	45.3
Unemployed	514	659	594	443	544	519	487	541	523
Unemployment rate	5.8	7.5	6.6	5.0	6.0	5.6	5.2	6.0	5.8
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,504	36,329	36,176	36,351	36,038	35,931	36,582	36,215	36,023
Participation rate	57.5	56.4	56.7	57.2	56.9	56.9	57.1	56.2	56.4
Employed	34,889	34,634	34,576	34,855	34,380	34,376	34,954	34,676	34,538
Employment-population ratio	54.9	53.7	54.2	54.9	54.3	54.5	54.5	53.8	54.1
Unemployed	1,615	1,695	1,600	1,496	1,658	1,555	1,628	1,539	1,485
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.7	4.4	4.1	4.6	4.3	4.5	4.2	4.1
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	36,198	36,592	36,350	36,099	35,658	35,652	36,049	36,423	36,196
Participation rate	63.3	63.6	62.8	63.1	62.5	62.7	62.8	63.3	62.5
Employed	34,934	35,218	35,044	34,873	34,370	34,409	34,774	35,155	34,930
Employment-population ratio	61.1	61.2	60.5	61.0	60.2	60.5	60.5	61.1	60.3
Unemployed	1,264	1,374	1,306	1,226	1,288	1,242	1,275	1,268	1,266
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	64,820	66,785	67,120	64,506	65,763	65,687	66,334	66,292	66,752
Participation rate	72.8	72.4	72.4	72.4	72.5	72.1	72.4	71.8	72.0
Employed	63,469	65,111	65,404	63,119	64,149	64,079	64,831	64,655	65,014
Employment-population ratio	71.2	70.6	70.5	70.9	70.7	70.3	70.7	70.1	70.1
Unemployed	1,351	1,675	1,716	1,388	1,614	1,609	1,504	1,637	1,738
Unemployment rate	2.1	2.5	2.6	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.6
Footnotes (1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,654	17,348	15,609	15,275	2,045	2,073
Civilian labor force	8,556	8,480	7,382	7,249	1,174	1,231
Participation rate	48.5	48.9	47.3	47.5	57.4	59.4
Employed	8,300	8,160	7,154	6,996	1,146	1,164
Employment-population ratio	47.0	47.0	45.8	45.8	56.0	56.2
Unemployed	257	320	228	253	28	67
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.8	3.1	3.5	2.4	5.4
Not in labor force	9,098	8,868	8,227	8,026	871	842
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,336	5,616	4,388	4,631	948	985
Civilian labor force	4,264	4,384	3,585	3,686	679	698
Participation rate	79.9	78.1	81.7	79.6	71.6	70.9
Employed	4,143	4,249	3,488	3,588	655	661
Employment-population ratio	77.6	75.7	79.5	77.5	69.1	67.1
Unemployed	121	135	97	97	24	38
Unemployment rate	2.8	3.1	2.7	2.6	3.6	5.4
Not in labor force	1,072	1,232	803	945	269	287
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,761	3,221	2,320	2,711	441	510
Civilian labor force	1,945	2,200	1,654	1,841	291	359
Participation rate	70.5	68.3	71.3	67.9	65.9	70.3
Employed	1,880	2,082	1,589	1,744	291	338
Employment-population ratio	68.1	64.6	68.5	64.3	65.9	66.3
Unemployed	65	118	65	98	0	21
Unemployment rate	3.4	5.4	4.0	5.3	0.0	5.7
Not in labor force	816	1,021	665	870	150	151
Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,730	4,962	5,488	4,774	242	188
Civilian labor force	706	663	677	631	29	32
Participation rate	12.3	13.4	12.3	13.2	11.9	16.8
Employed	667	627	642	596	25	32
Employment-population ratio	11.6	12.6	11.7	12.5	10.1	16.8
Unemployed	39	36	35	36	4	0
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.7	-	-
Not in labor force	5,024	4,299	4,811	4,143	213	156
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,827	3,549	3,413	3,159	414	390
Civilian labor force	1,640	1,233	1,465	1,090	175	143
Participation rate	42.9	34.7	42.9	34.5	42.4	36.6
Employed	1,610	1,202	1,435	1,068	175	134
Employment-population ratio	42.1	33.9	42.0	33.8	42.4	34.4
Unemployed	30	31	30	22	0	9
Unemployment rate	1.9	2.5	2.1	2.0	0.0	6.1
Not in labor force	2,187	2,316	1,948	2,069	239	247
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	241,051	246,193	110,429	113,099	130,621	133,094
Civilian labor force	157,149	159,933	80,439	81,970	76,710	77,963
Participation rate	65.2	65.0	72.8	72.5	58.7	58.6
Employed	151,111	153,348	77,177	78,277	73,934	75,071
Employment-population ratio	62.7	62.3	69.9	69.2	56.6	56.4
Unemployed	6,038	6,585	3,262	3,694	2,776	2,891
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.1	4.1	4.5	3.6	3.7
Not in labor force	83,902	86,260	29,990	31,128	53,912	55,132
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	People with a disability		People with no disability
	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,955	34,400	233,929	238,623
Civilian labor force	8,315	8,220	159,645	162,433
Participation rate	24.5	23.9	68.2	68.1
Employed	7,599	7,579	153,757	155,833
Employment-population ratio	22.4	22.0	65.7	65.3
Unemployed	716	642	5,888	6,600
Unemployment rate	8.6	7.8	3.7	4.1
Not in labor force	25,639	26,179	74,285	76,190
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,351	3,351	79,198	80,595
Participation rate	39.9	42.1	83.1	82.8
Employed	3,010	3,019	76,106	77,026
Employment-population ratio	35.8	37.9	79.9	79.2
Unemployed	341	332	3,093	3,569
Unemployment rate	10.2	9.9	3.9	4.4
Not in labor force	5,054	4,606	16,051	16,687
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,453	3,472	70,457	71,643
Participation rate	40.6	39.8	73.0	73.2
Employed	3,163	3,240	67,913	68,900
Employment-population ratio	37.2	37.2	70.4	70.4
Unemployed	289	232	2,544	2,743
Unemployment rate	8.4	6.7	3.6	3.8
Not in labor force	5,046	5,244	26,036	26,269
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,512	1,398	9,989	10,195
Participation rate	8.9	7.9	23.7	23.5
Employed	1,426	1,320	9,738	9,907
Employment-population ratio	8.4	7.4	23.1	22.8
Unemployed	86	78	251	288
Unemployment rate	5.7	5.6	2.5	2.8
Not in labor force	15,540	16,329	32,198	33,234
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	49,034	50,447	24,262	24,989	24,771	25,458
Civilian labor force	32,292	33,719	18,542	19,259	13,750	14,459
Participation rate	65.9	66.8	76.4	77.1	55.5	56.8
Employed	31,114	32,225	17,943	18,398	13,171	13,827
Employment-population ratio	63.5	63.9	74.0	73.6	53.2	54.3
Unemployed	1,178	1,494	599	861	579	633
Unemployment rate	3.6	4.4	3.2	4.5	4.2	4.4
Not in labor force	16,742	16,728	5,720	5,730	11,022	10,998
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	218,850	222,576	106,342	108,186	112,508	114,390
Civilian labor force	135,668	136,935	70,350	71,059	65,318	65,876
Participation rate	62.0	61.5	66.2	65.7	58.1	57.6
Employed	130,242	131,186	67,310	67,818	62,932	63,368
Employment-population ratio	59.5	58.9	63.3	62.7	55.9	55.4
Unemployed	5,426	5,748	3,040	3,241	2,386	2,508
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.2	4.3	4.6	3.7	3.8
Not in labor force	83,182	85,641	35,992	37,127	47,190	48,514
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,099	2,152	2,251	2,222	2,202	2,258	2,319	2,259	2,371
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,427	1,396	1,509	1,521	1,489	1,521	1,573	1,489	1,595
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	627	735	717	654	701	723	723	753	740
Unpaid family workers	44	22	25	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	159,258	160,391	161,160	158,959	159,070	159,469	161,357	160,930	160,920
Wage and salary workers(1)	149,720	151,531	152,079	149,538	149,881	150,253	152,363	152,034	151,946
Government	21,866	21,957	22,134	21,462	22,188	22,109	21,764	21,653	21,748
Private industries	127,854	129,575	129,945	128,070	127,709	128,209	130,742	130,414	130,227
Private households	679	565	555	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	127,175	129,009	129,390	127,314	127,155	127,713	130,025	129,816	129,585
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,487	8,821	9,034	9,502	9,122	9,241	9,103	8,946	9,055
Unpaid family workers	51	39	47	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,422	5,166	4,900	4,305	4,469	4,358	4,477	4,937	4,780
Slack work or business conditions	3,051	3,545	3,245	2,965	3,125	2,867	2,893	3,292	3,156
Could only find part-time work	1,053	1,307	1,307	1,020	1,084	1,195	1,195	1,253	1,255
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	23,416	23,148	23,198	22,872	22,380	22,514	22,299	22,435	22,625
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,343	5,086	4,813	4,251	4,387	4,299	4,416	4,899	4,717
Slack work or business conditions	3,010	3,489	3,194	2,943	3,072	2,833	2,857	3,273	3,125
Could only find part-time work	1,033	1,306	1,305	1,001	1,077	1,196	1,193	1,253	1,255
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	23,054	22,739	22,781	22,491	22,029	22,150	21,935	22,039	22,196
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	161,356	162,544	163,412	161,425	161,183	161,661	163,895	163,307	163,508
16 to 19 years	5,595	5,386	5,528	5,861	5,562	5,786	5,712	5,792	5,786
16 to 17 years	1,946	1,790	1,904	2,151	1,930	2,019	1,989	1,994	2,095
18 to 19 years	3,650	3,596	3,624	3,736	3,630	3,762	3,719	3,801	3,708
20 years and over	155,761	157,158	157,883	155,564	155,621	155,875	158,183	157,516	157,722
20 to 24 years	14,121	14,109	14,468	14,271	14,142	14,277	14,606	14,332	14,609
25 years and over	141,641	143,049	143,416	141,425	141,409	141,547	143,606	143,219	143,207
25 to 54 years	103,766	105,244	105,417	103,621	103,615	103,766	105,538	105,386	105,279
25 to 34 years	35,696	36,240	36,370	35,660	35,463	35,563	36,406	36,283	36,333
35 to 44 years	36,185	36,765	36,962	36,069	36,274	36,306	36,841	36,779	36,844
45 to 54 years	31,885	32,239	32,085	31,892	31,878	31,897	32,291	32,323	32,101
55 years and over	37,875	37,805	37,999	37,803	37,794	37,781	38,068	37,833	37,928
Men, 16 years and over	85,253	85,519	86,216	85,464	85,318	85,620	86,733	86,226	86,443
16 to 19 years	2,796	2,681	2,731	2,948	2,685	2,881	2,930	2,915	2,880
16 to 17 years	922	861	944	1,027	886	980	973	980	1,041
18 to 19 years	1,874	1,819	1,787	1,939	1,797	1,899	1,954	1,946	1,855
20 years and over	82,457	82,838	83,485	82,516	82,633	82,739	83,803	83,311	83,563
20 to 24 years	7,116	7,056	7,285	7,218	7,172	7,329	7,381	7,218	7,377
25 years and over	75,341	75,782	76,200	75,414	75,425	75,401	76,517	76,172	76,290
25 to 54 years	55,060	55,666	55,880	55,115	55,113	55,091	56,140	55,955	55,952
25 to 34 years	18,945	19,106	19,315	18,953	18,838	18,806	19,228	19,188	19,317
35 to 44 years	19,288	19,655	19,799	19,270	19,418	19,423	19,820	19,740	19,789
45 to 54 years	16,827	16,905	16,765	16,892	16,856	16,862	17,092	17,026	16,846
55 years and over	20,282	20,116	20,320	20,299	20,312	20,310	20,377	20,217	20,338
Women, 16 years and over	76,103	77,025	77,195	75,961	75,865	76,041	77,162	77,081	77,065
16 to 19 years	2,799	2,705	2,797	2,913	2,877	2,906	2,782	2,877	2,906
16 to 17 years	1,023	929	960	1,124	1,043	1,038	1,016	1,013	1,053
18 to 19 years	1,776	1,777	1,837	1,797	1,832	1,863	1,765	1,855	1,853
20 years and over	73,304	74,320	74,398	73,048	72,988	73,135	74,380	74,205	74,159
20 to 24 years	7,005	7,053	7,182	7,054	6,970	6,948	7,225	7,114	7,231
25 years and over	66,299	67,267	67,216	66,011	65,985	66,146	67,089	67,047	66,917
25 to 54 years	48,706	49,578	49,537	48,506	48,502	48,675	49,398	49,431	49,327
25 to 34 years	16,751	17,134	17,055	16,707	16,625	16,757	17,177	17,095	17,016
35 to 44 years	16,896	17,110	17,162	16,799	16,856	16,883	17,022	17,039	17,055
45 to 54 years	15,059	15,334	15,320	15,001	15,022	15,036	15,199	15,297	15,255
55 years and over	17,593	17,689	17,679	17,505	17,482	17,471	17,691	17,616	17,590
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	46,100	45,715	45,812	45,952	45,828	45,974	46,093	45,752	45,698
Married women, spouse present(1)	37,358	37,527	36,886	37,072	36,993	37,011	37,109	37,318	36,650
Women who maintain families(2)	9,785	10,245	10,265	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	132,070	133,372	134,163	132,989	133,423	133,510	135,896	134,676	135,135
Part-time workers(4)	29,287	29,172	29,248	28,576	27,671	27,918	27,901	28,511	28,467
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,637	9,036	9,132	8,474	8,577	8,478	8,764	8,860	8,936
Percent of total employed	5.4	5.6	5.6	5.2	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.5
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,637	6,911	6,860	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	10,114	9,556	9,752	10,156	9,823	9,964	9,827	9,700	9,794
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,497	7,052	7,083	3.9	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.2
16 to 19 years	843	858	921	12.6	13.1	12.4	11.8	12.9	13.7
16 to 17 years	355	380	379	14.2	14.1	13.5	13.4	16.0	15.3
18 to 19 years	494	474	543	11.7	12.5	11.8	10.9	11.1	12.8
20 years and over	5,654	6,194	6,162	3.5	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8
20 to 24 years	1,096	1,294	1,187	7.1	7.8	7.5	7.9	8.3	7.5
25 years and over	4,495	4,974	4,951	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3
25 to 54 years	3,468	3,827	3,802	3.2	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.5
25 to 34 years	1,513	1,669	1,516	4.1	4.5	4.5	4.2	4.4	4.0
35 to 44 years	988	1,243	1,230	2.7	3.6	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.2
45 to 54 years	968	914	1,056	2.9	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.7	3.2
55 years and over	1,022	1,117	1,150	2.6	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.9
Men, 16 years and over	3,400	3,761	3,800	3.8	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.2
16 to 19 years	467	477	477	13.7	15.3	14.0	11.9	14.1	14.2
16 to 17 years	167	212	172	14.0	18.4	13.9	12.1	17.8	14.2
18 to 19 years	299	271	302	13.4	13.8	13.9	11.9	12.2	14.0
20 years and over	2,933	3,283	3,324	3.4	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8
20 to 24 years	553	781	676	7.1	9.0	8.2	9.2	9.8	8.4
25 years and over	2,331	2,565	2,637	3.0	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3
25 to 54 years	1,779	1,986	2,022	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.5
25 to 34 years	809	850	880	4.1	4.6	4.5	4.3	4.2	4.4
35 to 44 years	441	628	606	2.2	3.3	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.0
45 to 54 years	529	507	536	3.0	2.8	2.3	2.7	2.9	3.1
55 years and over	552	579	615	2.6	3.1	3.2	3.0	2.8	2.9
Women, 16 years and over	3,096	3,291	3,283	3.9	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.1
16 to 19 years	376	381	444	11.4	11.0	10.8	11.6	11.7	13.3
16 to 17 years	188	168	207	14.3	10.0	13.0	14.7	14.2	16.4
18 to 19 years	194	203	240	9.8	11.2	9.6	9.8	9.9	11.5
20 years and over	2,721	2,910	2,838	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7
20 to 24 years	542	513	511	7.1	6.6	6.7	6.6	6.7	6.6
25 years and over	2,164	2,409	2,315	3.2	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.3
25 to 54 years	1,689	1,841	1,780	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.5
25 to 34 years	704	819	636	4.0	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.6	3.6
35 to 44 years	547	615	625	3.2	4.0	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.5
45 to 54 years	438	407	520	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.6	3.3
55 years and over	464	551	529	2.6	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	841	997	968	1.8	2.2	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.1
Married women, spouse present(1)	862	953	934	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.5
Women who maintain families(2)	550	617	627	5.3	5.9	5.5	5.5	5.7	5.8
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,126	5,790	5,758	3.7	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1
Part-time workers(4)	1,331	1,311	1,331	4.5	4.7	4.4	4.2	4.4	4.5
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,295	3,794	3,552	3,053	3,394	3,251	3,235	3,316	3,313
On temporary layoff	938	1,113	960	784	787	862	835	817	811
Not on temporary layoff	2,357	2,680	2,593	2,269	2,607	2,389	2,400	2,499	2,502
Permanent job losers	1,719	1,831	1,870	1,662	1,871	1,707	1,708	1,748	1,810
People who completed temporary jobs	639	849	723	607	736	682	693	751	692
Job leavers	811	918	858	823	854	947	912	918	870
Reentrants	1,916	2,255	2,155	1,938	2,182	2,031	2,124	2,208	2,176
New entrants	582	605	677	674	690	655	659	662	739
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	49.9	50.1	49.1	47.1	47.7	47.2	46.7	46.7	46.7
On temporary layoff	14.2	14.7	13.3	12.1	11.1	12.5	12.0	11.5	11.4
Not on temporary layoff	35.7	35.4	35.8	35.0	36.6	34.7	34.6	35.2	35.3
Job leavers	12.3	12.1	11.8	12.7	12.0	13.8	13.2	12.9	12.3
Reentrants	29.0	29.8	29.8	29.9	30.6	29.5	30.7	31.1	30.7
New entrants	8.8	8.0	9.3	10.4	9.7	9.5	9.5	9.3	10.4
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	2.0	2.2	2.1	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3
New entrants	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	1,909	2,216	2,085	2,206	2,208	2,156	2,290	2,337	2,362
5 to 14 weeks	2,141	2,652	2,338	1,977	2,063	1,997	1,935	2,152	2,146
15 weeks and over	2,554	2,703	2,819	2,234	2,890	2,758	2,604	2,486	2,501
15 to 26 weeks	1,195	1,172	1,220	980	1,236	1,207	1,161	1,031	1,006
27 weeks and over	1,359	1,531	1,599	1,254	1,654	1,551	1,443	1,455	1,495
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	22.3	21.0	23.6	21.6	23.6	23.7	22.0	21.3	22.8
Median duration, in weeks	10.7	9.9	10.9	9.5	10.5	10.4	10.4	10.0	9.8
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	28.9	29.3	28.8	34.4	30.8	31.2	33.5	33.5	33.7
5 to 14 weeks	32.4	35.0	32.3	30.8	28.8	28.9	28.3	30.9	30.6
15 weeks and over	38.7	35.7	38.9	34.8	40.4	39.9	38.1	35.6	35.7
15 to 26 weeks	18.1	15.5	16.9	15.3	17.3	17.5	17.0	14.8	14.4
27 weeks and over	20.6	20.2	22.1	19.5	23.1	22.4	21.1	20.9	21.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	161,356	163,412	6,604	7,242	3.9	4.2
Management, professional, and related occupations	70,786	72,019	1,580	1,706	2.2	2.3
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,519	31,088	717	717	2.3	2.3
Professional and related occupations	40,267	40,930	863	990	2.1	2.4
Service occupations	26,127	26,675	1,241	1,563	4.5	5.5
Sales and office occupations	29,800	30,389	1,288	1,276	4.1	4.0
Sales and related occupations	14,142	13,861	700	644	4.7	4.4
Office and administrative support occupations	15,658	16,527	588	631	3.6	3.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,347	14,449	794	826	5.2	5.4
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	868	959	100	131	10.3	12.0
Construction and extraction occupations	8,540	8,475	579	554	6.3	6.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,939	5,014	116	140	2.3	2.7
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	20,297	19,881	1,112	1,176	5.2	5.6
Production occupations	8,330	7,923	389	339	4.5	4.1
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,967	11,958	724	837	5.7	6.5
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,604	7,242	3.9	4.2
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,201	5,567	3.9	4.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	17	8	3.3	1.4
Construction	570	573	5.4	5.4
Manufacturing	469	479	3.0	3.1
Durable goods	311	288	3.1	2.9
Nondurable goods	158	190	2.9	3.6
Wholesale and retail trade	939	933	4.8	4.7
Transportation and utilities	401	360	4.9	4.2
Information	96	133	3.6	5.0
Financial activities	225	290	2.2	2.8
Professional and business services	826	847	4.4	4.3
Education and health services	611	780	2.3	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	746	828	5.5	6.2
Other services	300	337	4.4	5.0
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	105	131	7.1	8.2
Government workers	372	423	1.7	1.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	343	444	3.3	4.3
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025
U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.3	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5
U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.0	2.2	2.1	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.9	4.5	4.2	3.9	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.2
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.1	4.7	4.5	4.1	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	4.7	5.4	5.1	4.8	5.1	5.0	4.9	5.1	5.1
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	7.4	8.4	7.9	7.3	7.7	7.5	7.5	8.0	7.9
NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	Mar. 2025
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	99,924	102,369	41,713	42,857	58,211	59,512
People who currently want a job	5,110	5,600	2,552	2,684	2,557	2,916
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,439	1,539	835	796	604	743
Discouraged workers(2)	286	458	195	276	91	182
Other people marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,152	1,082	640	521	512	561
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,637	9,132	4,203	4,318	4,435	4,814
Percent of total employed	5.4	5.6	4.9	5.0	5.8	6.2
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	5,055	5,232	2,662	2,677	2,394	2,555
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,080	2,440	703	838	1,377	1,602
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	380	393	257	237	122	155
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,051	1,000	531	528	520	472
Footnotes (1) Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)	Change from: Feb.2025 - Mar.2025(p)
Total nonfarm	156,612	157,095	157,950	158,506	157,517	159,053	159,170	159,398	228
Total private	132,995	133,595	134,108	134,585	134,216	135,461	135,577	135,786	209
Goods-producing	21,359	21,250	21,317	21,407	21,645	21,662	21,688	21,700	12
Mining and logging	630	619	619	618	637	621	625	623	-2
Logging	42.2	39.1	39.5	38.5	42.6	38.9	39.0	38.8	-0.2
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	588.0	579.5	579.6	579.2	594.3	581.6	585.6	584.4	-1.2
Oil and gas extraction	121.7	123.4	121.4	122.1	122.1	123.1	122.4	122.6	0.2
Mining (except oil and gas)	188.5	186.8	187.2	187.1	192.6	191.3	192.1	190.7	-1.4
Coal mining	42.0	41.4	41.2	40.2	42.3	41.3	41.2	40.2	-1.0
Metal ore mining	44.3	45.0	45.0	44.9	44.6	45.1	45.1	45.1	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	102.2	100.4	101.0	102.0	105.7	104.9	105.8	105.3	-0.5
Support activities for mining	277.8	269.3	271.0	270.0	279.6	267.2	271.1	271.1	0.0
Construction	7,939	7,955	7,989	8,079	8,170	8,286	8,300	8,313	13
Construction of buildings	1,811.6	1,831.6	1,830.3	1,841.5	1,844.0	1,870.8	1,871.9	1,874.6	2.7
Residential building construction	922.9	935.0	933.8	940.8	939.7	955.3	954.8	957.9	3.1
Nonresidential building construction	888.7	896.6	896.5	900.7	904.3	915.5	917.1	916.7	-0.4
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,087.8	1,072.6	1,088.7	1,120.8	1,149.8	1,173.4	1,177.0	1,180.4	3.4
Specialty trade contractors	5,039.9	5,050.3	5,069.9	5,117.0	5,176.1	5,241.9	5,251.5	5,257.9	6.4
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,337.1	2,307.9	2,322.7	2,326.4	2,396.3	2,397.9	2,405.0	2,392.1	-12.9
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,702.8	2,742.4	2,747.2	2,790.6	2,779.8	2,844.0	2,846.5	2,865.8	19.3
Manufacturing	12,790	12,676	12,709	12,710	12,838	12,755	12,763	12,764	1
Durable goods	7,971	7,863	7,884	7,880	7,994	7,903	7,910	7,907	-3
Wood product manufacturing	415.9	412.2	414.6	413.1	417.3	415.0	415.9	414.6	-1.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	412.6	419.5	420.2	423.5	419.2	429.0	430.9	429.9	-1.0
Primary metal manufacturing	371.6	371.2	374.6	377.1	372.1	373.2	376.1	377.4	1.3
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,446.4	1,433.1	1,437.0	1,434.1	1,448.3	1,435.6	1,437.7	1,436.1	-1.6
Machinery manufacturing	1,117.9	1,112.5	1,111.7	1,110.5	1,121.0	1,114.2	1,113.6	1,113.3	-0.3
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,027.3	1,008.3	1,007.5	1,006.3	1,030.9	1,012.2	1,010.2	1,010.3	0.1
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	108.0	109.4	110.2	109.4	108.9	110.0	110.6	110.3	-0.3
Communications equipment manufacturing	83.3	81.2	81.3	82.4	83.4	81.3	81.7	82.6	0.9
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	393.6	381.0	378.8	377.5	394.6	381.6	379.7	378.8	-0.9
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	413.1	408.4	409.2	409.3	414.3	410.3	409.8	410.3	0.5
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	29.3	28.3	28.0	27.7	29.7	29.0	28.5	28.2	-0.3
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	418.2	407.8	406.8	405.1	418.6	407.8	406.8	405.6	-1.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,793.7	1,753.5	1,768.1	1,763.3	1,796.7	1,765.7	1,771.8	1,770.7	-1.1
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,018.6	988.6	1,003.2	1,003.2	1,019.5	997.3	1,005.9	1,005.7	-0.2
Furniture and related product manufacturing	348.6	335.5	335.5	337.9	348.4	337.4	336.8	336.5	-0.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing	618.7	609.0	607.8	609.5	621.5	613.1	610.2	612.3	2.1
Nondurable goods	4,819	4,813	4,825	4,830	4,844	4,852	4,853	4,857	4
Food manufacturing	1,750.2	1,756.2	1,758.6	1,756.7	1,760.9	1,768.3	1,768.2	1,769.4	1.2
Textile mills	86.4	85.9	85.1	85.2	86.7	85.9	85.5	85.5	0.0
Textile product mills	98.3	99.2	99.3	99.8	97.9	99.2	99.3	99.5	0.2
Apparel manufacturing	84.0	83.2	83.7	83.3	84.9	84.8	84.0	84.1	0.1
Paper manufacturing	355.6	354.6	355.4	354.4	354.9	354.2	355.5	354.0	-1.5
Printing and related support activities	359.1	352.0	351.9	351.6	360.1	354.3	353.7	352.3	-1.4
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	108.9	105.9	106.1	107.3	110.8	109.5	108.8	109.1	0.3
Chemical manufacturing	897.3	898.3	900.5	902.7	896.9	901.0	901.2	902.1	0.9
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	727.0	716.3	719.2	721.0	727.9	718.9	719.8	721.8	2.0
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	352.5	361.4	365.6	368.4	363.2	375.7	377.0	378.7	1.7
Private service-providing	111,636	112,345	112,791	113,178	112,571	113,799	113,889	114,086	197
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,614	29,015	28,881	28,911	28,891	29,087	29,108	29,156	48
Wholesale trade	6,105.2	6,145.1	6,148.0	6,152.7	6,130.2	6,174.4	6,179.8	6,177.8	-2.0
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,412.3	3,441.8	3,451.2	3,455.7	3,423.1	3,454.5	3,463.1	3,466.8	3.7
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,201.9	2,211.4	2,208.0	2,211.2	2,213.3	2,226.1	2,225.0	2,222.3	-2.7
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	491.0	491.9	488.8	485.8	493.8	493.8	491.7	488.7	-3.0
Retail trade	15,366.8	15,517.7	15,402.9	15,431.2	15,545.3	15,573.2	15,571.4	15,595.1	23.7
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,041.8	2,036.4	2,044.4	2,057.4	2,049.5	2,055.7	2,061.2	2,064.9	3.7
Automobile dealers	1,280.9	1,286.3	1,291.4	1,297.9	1,282.7	1,293.9	1,295.9	1,299.7	3.8
Other motor vehicle dealers	169.1	157.1	158.5	162.8	172.6	166.4	166.3	166.3	0.0
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	591.8	593.0	594.5	596.7	594.1	595.4	598.9	598.9	0.0
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,385.1	1,341.4	1,345.2	1,388.8	1,392.6	1,390.9	1,392.1	1,396.4	4.3
Food and beverage retailers	3,202.3	3,232.3	3,220.3	3,222.7	3,219.6	3,237.0	3,220.4	3,241.1	20.7
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	804.7	802.9	794.3	789.8	809.8	799.6	796.4	794.5	-1.9
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	409.8	413.3	408.1	407.6	411.3	410.3	409.0	408.1	-0.9
Electronics and appliance retailers	394.9	389.6	386.2	382.2	398.5	389.3	387.4	386.4	-1.0
General merchandise retailers	3,210.4	3,298.7	3,262.8	3,255.0	3,261.4	3,295.8	3,306.6	3,301.8	-4.8
Department stores	987.0	1,025.1	1,000.0	993.8	1,009.5	1,020.4	1,019.2	1,017.9	-1.3
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,223.4	2,273.6	2,262.8	2,261.2	2,251.9	2,275.5	2,287.4	2,283.9	-3.5
Health and personal care retailers	1,085.8	1,100.4	1,088.6	1,086.2	1,090.4	1,091.1	1,088.6	1,091.1	2.5
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,041.2	1,046.6	1,047.9	1,049.6	1,052.1	1,055.8	1,061.3	1,060.1	-1.2
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,112.7	1,154.2	1,106.9	1,098.9	1,146.6	1,129.7	1,129.1	1,128.5	-0.6
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,482.8	1,504.8	1,492.5	1,482.8	1,523.3	1,517.6	1,515.7	1,516.7	1.0
Transportation and warehousing	6,553.8	6,759.5	6,737.2	6,728.8	6,626.1	6,744.5	6,760.7	6,783.6	22.9
Air transportation	561.7	566.8	571.8	574.7	562.5	571.0	574.3	575.2	0.9
Rail transportation	158.3	153.6	153.8	153.8	157.9	154.7	154.3	153.6	-0.7
Water transportation	67.7	66.5	66.2	67.1	69.7	69.7	69.0	69.2	0.2
Truck transportation	1,506.3	1,500.7	1,493.4	1,501.7	1,531.0	1,519.1	1,516.3	1,525.9	9.6
Transit and ground passenger transportation	478.9	497.8	499.1	501.0	465.6	489.1	486.0	488.3	2.3
Pipeline transportation	54.6	59.2	59.4	59.1	54.5	58.7	59.1	58.8	-0.3
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	24.9	23.5	23.2	24.2	31.5	30.1	30.0	30.6	0.6
Support activities for transportation	825.4	841.4	841.9	844.0	828.1	842.7	843.2	847.1	3.9
Couriers and messengers	1,036.4	1,211.7	1,194.3	1,182.0	1,080.8	1,172.4	1,196.7	1,212.5	15.8
Warehousing and storage	1,839.6	1,838.3	1,834.1	1,821.2	1,844.5	1,837.0	1,831.8	1,822.4	-9.4
Utilities	587.9	592.6	593.2	598.1	589.0	594.5	596.1	599.1	3.0
Information	2,940	2,905	2,922	2,922	2,959	2,940	2,941	2,939	-2
Motion picture and sound recording industries	390.3	381.1	398.8	399.0	402.0	407.6	410.2	409.0	-1.2
Publishing industries	910.0	913.3	912.4	915.7	916.3	918.1	919.4	920.9	1.5
Broadcasting and content providers	342.9	331.4	334.6	330.9	342.7	332.9	332.0	331.2	-0.8
Telecommunications	629.9	608.6	606.3	605.4	628.5	608.8	607.6	604.7	-2.9
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	482.2	485.6	487.7	488.2	485.3	488.1	488.7	490.5	1.8
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	184.5	184.6	182.1	183.0	184.1	184.0	183.1	182.9	-0.2
Financial activities	9,094	9,173	9,185	9,188	9,152	9,220	9,236	9,245	9
Finance and insurance	6,667.4	6,722.5	6,727.1	6,728.9	6,688.0	6,733.4	6,741.7	6,748.1	6.4
Monetary authorities-central bank	20.3	21.4	21.3	21.3	20.5	21.4	21.4	21.4	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,572.9	2,555.2	2,554.3	2,553.2	2,574.5	2,555.5	2,555.7	2,554.2	-1.5
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,789.1	1,776.8	1,773.6	1,773.2	1,787.8	1,776.2	1,773.3	1,772.5	-0.8
Commercial banking	1,383.8	1,367.8	1,363.1	1,362.8	1,381.9	1,366.9	1,361.7	1,361.6	-0.1
Nondepository credit intermediation	504.3	504.5	505.0	504.7	506.8	505.0	506.1	506.8	0.7
Activities related to credit intermediation	279.5	273.9	275.7	275.3	279.9	274.2	276.4	274.9	-1.5
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,098.5	1,119.9	1,123.9	1,126.7	1,109.0	1,126.2	1,131.7	1,136.4	4.7
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,975.7	3,026.0	3,027.6	3,027.7	2,984.0	3,030.3	3,032.9	3,036.1	3.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,426.1	2,450.9	2,457.8	2,459.3	2,464.4	2,486.7	2,494.1	2,496.6	2.5
Real estate	1,839.1	1,855.3	1,859.8	1,861.8	1,861.3	1,876.6	1,881.2	1,883.3	2.1
Rental and leasing services	564.9	572.8	575.1	574.7	580.6	586.9	589.7	590.1	0.4
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.1	22.8	22.9	22.8	22.5	23.2	23.2	23.2	0.0
Professional and business services	22,396	22,193	22,330	22,357	22,637	22,579	22,586	22,589	3
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,776.4	10,816.6	10,858.8	10,843.4	10,789.7	10,862.4	10,856.2	10,861.9	5.7
Legal services	1,185.4	1,188.2	1,185.1	1,186.7	1,194.2	1,193.8	1,191.4	1,195.1	3.7
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,229.2	1,162.8	1,211.0	1,214.5	1,152.9	1,141.8	1,142.1	1,141.4	-0.7
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,666.2	1,716.9	1,718.3	1,719.9	1,690.6	1,736.1	1,740.4	1,744.3	3.9
Specialized design services	149.5	148.8	147.5	147.8	151.6	150.4	149.4	150.0	0.6
Computer systems design and related services	2,416.0	2,443.5	2,431.1	2,405.4	2,437.3	2,446.7	2,437.1	2,428.8	-8.3
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,840.5	1,859.3	1,865.8	1,861.6	1,857.3	1,871.1	1,875.5	1,878.0	2.5
Scientific research and development services	928.2	930.8	933.3	938.2	934.5	941.5	941.8	944.1	2.3
Advertising, public relations, and related services	492.4	493.6	492.8	491.3	494.1	495.9	494.0	493.4	-0.6
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	869.0	872.7	873.9	878.0	877.1	885.1	884.5	886.7	2.2
Management of companies and enterprises	2,607.6	2,609.3	2,607.8	2,619.2	2,616.2	2,618.0	2,619.5	2,626.6	7.1
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,011.9	8,767.3	8,863.5	8,893.9	9,231.0	9,098.4	9,109.8	9,100.0	-9.8
Administrative and support services	8,511.9	8,252.3	8,349.9	8,378.3	8,725.3	8,577.3	8,588.9	8,578.3	-10.6
Office administrative services	614.4	620.4	622.0	622.6	618.7	623.7	625.1	626.2	1.1
Facilities support services	175.8	184.7	184.0	183.3	176.5	186.2	185.4	185.4	0.0
Employment services(1)	3,329.1	3,142.2	3,192.0	3,187.0	3,391.3	3,257.3	3,248.6	3,235.9	-12.7
Temporary help services	2,623.4	2,438.5	2,488.5	2,490.6	2,675.7	2,543.8	2,533.7	2,527.3	-6.4
Business support services	700.2	663.4	663.4	658.3	704.1	664.9	664.0	661.8	-2.2
Travel arrangement and reservation services	188.0	190.8	191.9	192.8	189.9	193.3	194.6	194.5	-0.1
Investigation and security services	1,017.5	1,015.4	1,021.8	1,022.1	1,021.8	1,024.0	1,025.7	1,027.4	1.7
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,156.3	2,119.2	2,152.6	2,180.6	2,287.8	2,300.2	2,314.7	2,312.1	-2.6
Other support services	330.6	316.2	322.2	331.6	335.1	327.8	330.7	334.9	4.2
Waste management and remediation services	500.0	515.0	513.6	515.6	505.7	521.1	520.9	521.7	0.8
Private education and health services	26,325	26,857	27,160	27,232	26,214	26,993	27,053	27,130	77
Private educational services	4,086.7	3,917.0	4,133.8	4,136.1	3,942.5	3,991.3	4,000.4	3,999.4	-1.0
Health care and social assistance	22,237.9	22,940.2	23,026.4	23,096.0	22,271.9	23,001.2	23,052.3	23,130.1	77.8
Health care(3)	17,433.9	17,948.0	18,006.1	18,046.7	17,471.9	17,988.3	18,031.0	18,084.6	53.6
Ambulatory health care services	8,662.2	8,926.4	8,963.8	8,970.8	8,680.7	8,953.2	8,971.9	8,991.7	19.8
Offices of physicians	2,938.2	3,013.2	3,027.3	3,025.4	2,947.0	3,019.2	3,029.2	3,034.2	5.0
Offices of dentists	1,033.6	1,053.0	1,051.5	1,044.6	1,038.6	1,054.0	1,053.5	1,050.9	-2.6
Offices of other health practitioners	1,210.0	1,254.1	1,262.2	1,268.8	1,214.1	1,262.4	1,264.4	1,273.1	8.7
Outpatient care centers	1,109.9	1,115.1	1,119.4	1,116.7	1,108.7	1,115.7	1,118.4	1,117.1	-1.3
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	311.6	306.7	308.2	308.1	311.2	306.1	306.4	307.3	0.9
Home health care services	1,702.6	1,826.3	1,838.0	1,844.7	1,705.2	1,837.9	1,841.9	1,847.1	5.2
Other ambulatory health care services	356.3	358.0	357.2	362.5	355.9	358.0	358.0	362.1	4.1
Hospitals	5,495.5	5,650.2	5,659.6	5,674.5	5,502.9	5,650.1	5,663.4	5,680.5	17.1
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,276.2	3,371.4	3,382.7	3,401.4	3,288.3	3,385.0	3,395.7	3,412.4	16.7
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,476.5	1,512.8	1,519.7	1,533.2	1,484.0	1,519.3	1,528.1	1,539.4	11.3
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	660.0	683.9	685.3	691.3	662.5	687.4	687.3	693.6	6.3
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	977.1	1,004.9	1,006.5	1,005.3	979.3	1,008.0	1,009.4	1,007.8	-1.6
Other residential care facilities	162.6	169.8	171.2	171.6	162.6	170.3	170.9	171.6	0.7
Social assistance	4,804.0	4,992.2	5,020.3	5,049.3	4,800.0	5,012.9	5,021.3	5,045.5	24.2
Individual and family services	3,193.1	3,375.4	3,393.6	3,414.5	3,198.2	3,390.1	3,397.4	3,419.3	21.9
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	228.9	238.5	238.9	239.9	228.1	239.5	239.1	239.4	0.3
Vocational rehabilitation services	283.4	281.1	284.3	283.7	284.7	285.0	285.4	284.8	-0.6
Child care services	1,098.6	1,097.2	1,103.5	1,111.2	1,088.9	1,098.3	1,099.3	1,101.9	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	16,362	16,263	16,355	16,572	16,772	16,965	16,948	16,991	43
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,441.0	2,434.7	2,462.9	2,532.1	2,612.7	2,680.2	2,688.9	2,701.2	12.3
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	554.0	558.5	578.0	600.2	587.9	616.0	622.9	631.5	8.6
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	169.4	169.1	172.2	175.1	178.3	182.7	184.7	183.8	-0.9
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,717.6	1,707.1	1,712.7	1,756.8	1,846.5	1,881.5	1,881.3	1,885.9	4.6
Accommodation and food services	13,921.4	13,828.1	13,892.0	14,039.9	14,159.7	14,284.6	14,258.9	14,289.5	30.6
Accommodation	1,859.3	1,849.9	1,861.4	1,884.9	1,921.9	1,946.6	1,949.2	1,950.0	0.8
Food services and drinking places	12,062.1	11,978.2	12,030.6	12,155.0	12,237.8	12,338.0	12,309.7	12,339.5	29.8
Other services	5,905	5,939	5,958	5,996	5,946	6,015	6,017	6,036	19
Repair and maintenance	1,462.1	1,460.3	1,466.5	1,481.6	1,466.7	1,478.8	1,477.1	1,486.1	9.0
Personal and laundry services	1,562.7	1,594.3	1,596.5	1,603.6	1,576.8	1,613.3	1,614.3	1,618.2	3.9
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,880.5	2,884.0	2,895.2	2,911.0	2,902.0	2,922.9	2,925.7	2,932.1	6.4
Government	23,617	23,500	23,842	23,921	23,301	23,592	23,593	23,612	19
Federal	2,986	3,002	2,992	2,986	2,997	3,015	3,004	3,000	-4
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,377.4	2,399.1	2,391.5	2,386.9	2,388.8	2,410.3	2,403.4	2,400.2	-3.2
U.S. Postal Service	608.6	602.9	600.3	599.5	608.1	604.3	600.6	599.9	-0.7
State government	5,560	5,454	5,648	5,674	5,414	5,524	5,520	5,526	6
State government education	2,756.2	2,583.8	2,770.7	2,793.2	2,601.3	2,639.3	2,630.8	2,635.8	5.0
State government, excluding education	2,803.7	2,869.7	2,876.8	2,881.2	2,812.3	2,884.2	2,889.1	2,890.4	1.3
Local government	15,071	15,044	15,202	15,261	14,890	15,053	15,069	15,086	17
Local government education	8,404.6	8,319.1	8,460.9	8,497.5	8,116.6	8,194.6	8,202.2	8,210.9	8.7
Local government, excluding education	6,666.1	6,724.9	6,741.3	6,763.9	6,773.4	6,858.1	6,867.1	6,875.2	8.1
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.1	34.2	34.2
Goods-producing	39.9	39.7	39.7	40.0
Mining and logging	45.1	43.9	43.7	43.9
Construction	39.3	38.8	38.7	39.3
Manufacturing	40.0	40.0	40.1	40.2
Durable goods	40.5	40.5	40.6	40.7
Nondurable goods	39.2	39.3	39.4	39.5
Private service-providing	33.3	33.1	33.1	33.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	33.8	33.9	33.9
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.2	39.1	39.1
Retail trade	29.8	29.5	29.7	29.6
Transportation and warehousing	38.3	38.1	38.1	38.3
Utilities	42.1	42.2	41.9	42.2
Information	36.6	36.9	37.0	37.2
Financial activities	37.6	37.6	37.7	37.7
Professional and business services	36.5	36.2	36.2	36.4
Private education and health services	33.2	32.8	32.8	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	25.5	25.3	25.4	25.5
Other services	32.3	32.0	31.9	31.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.9
Durable goods	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.9
Nondurable goods	2.8	2.9	3.0	2.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)
Total private	$34.67	$35.83	$35.91	$36.00	$1,192.65	$1,221.80	$1,228.12	$1,231.20
Goods-producing	35.33	36.53	36.66	36.86	1,409.67	1,450.24	1,455.40	1,474.40
Mining and logging	39.38	40.21	40.26	40.33	1,776.04	1,765.22	1,759.36	1,770.49
Construction	37.75	39.07	39.14	39.24	1,483.58	1,515.92	1,514.72	1,542.13
Manufacturing	33.60	34.73	34.92	35.16	1,344.00	1,389.20	1,400.29	1,413.43
Durable goods	35.52	36.84	37.00	37.38	1,438.56	1,492.02	1,502.20	1,521.37
Nondurable goods	30.32	31.19	31.43	31.42	1,188.54	1,225.77	1,238.34	1,241.09
Private service-providing	34.52	35.66	35.73	35.81	1,149.52	1,180.35	1,182.66	1,185.31
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29.81	30.46	30.49	30.63	1,013.54	1,029.55	1,033.61	1,038.36
Wholesale trade	37.51	37.97	38.09	38.24	1,466.64	1,488.42	1,489.32	1,495.18
Retail trade	24.34	24.97	25.01	25.18	725.33	736.62	742.80	745.33
Transportation and warehousing	30.47	31.07	31.09	31.19	1,167.00	1,183.77	1,184.53	1,194.58
Utilities	50.80	52.22	52.10	51.87	2,138.68	2,203.68	2,182.99	2,188.91
Information	49.41	51.40	51.41	51.49	1,808.41	1,896.66	1,902.17	1,915.43
Financial activities	45.12	46.58	46.70	46.94	1,696.51	1,751.41	1,760.59	1,769.64
Professional and business services	41.66	43.42	43.56	43.66	1,520.59	1,571.80	1,576.87	1,589.22
Private education and health services	33.94	35.13	35.18	35.11	1,126.81	1,152.26	1,153.90	1,148.10
Leisure and hospitality	21.84	22.53	22.61	22.75	556.92	570.01	574.29	580.13
Other services	31.38	32.55	32.59	32.39	1,013.57	1,041.60	1,039.62	1,033.24
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2025 - Mar. 2025(p)	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2025 - Mar. 2025(p)
Total private	115.9	116.0	116.4	116.6	0.2	192.1	198.6	199.8	200.6	0.4
Goods-producing	98.4	98.0	98.1	98.9	0.8	157.2	161.8	162.6	164.8	1.4
Mining and logging	90.3	85.7	85.8	85.9	0.1	142.7	138.3	138.7	139.2	0.4
Construction	110.7	110.8	110.7	112.6	1.7	181.5	188.1	188.3	192.0	2.0
Manufacturing	92.4	91.8	92.1	92.4	0.3	144.4	148.3	149.6	151.0	0.9
Durable goods	91.2	90.1	90.4	90.6	0.2	143.9	147.5	148.7	150.5	1.2
Nondurable goods	94.8	95.2	95.4	95.8	0.4	145.8	150.6	152.2	152.7	0.3
Private service-providing	120.7	121.3	121.4	121.6	0.2	202.5	210.2	210.7	211.6	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	107.3	107.4	107.8	108.0	0.2	172.5	176.4	177.3	178.4	0.6
Wholesale trade	105.7	106.8	106.6	106.6	0.0	165.9	169.6	169.8	170.4	0.4
Retail trade	94.3	93.5	94.1	94.0	-0.1	151.7	154.4	155.7	156.4	0.4
Transportation and warehousing	145.8	147.6	148.0	149.3	0.9	226.0	233.4	234.1	236.9	1.2
Utilities	107.3	108.6	108.1	109.4	1.2	180.1	187.3	186.1	187.5	0.8
Information	98.9	99.1	99.4	99.9	0.5	174.0	181.4	181.9	183.1	0.7
Financial activities	112.7	113.6	114.1	114.2	0.1	198.4	206.3	207.8	209.0	0.6
Professional and business services	129.2	127.8	127.9	128.6	0.5	218.0	224.8	225.6	227.4	0.8
Private education and health services	142.1	144.6	144.9	144.9	0.0	232.1	244.4	245.3	244.7	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality	122.0	122.5	122.8	123.6	0.7	215.0	222.6	224.1	226.9	1.2
Other services	110.7	111.0	110.7	111.0	0.3	190.5	198.0	197.7	197.1	-0.3
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)
Total nonfarm	78,586	79,302	79,353	79,438	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.8
Total private	64,999	65,515	65,558	65,633	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.3
Goods-producing	4,980	4,955	4,960	4,959	23.0	22.9	22.9	22.9
Mining and logging	86	86	86	86	13.5	13.8	13.8	13.8
Construction	1,163	1,185	1,193	1,200	14.2	14.3	14.4	14.4
Manufacturing	3,731	3,684	3,681	3,673	29.1	28.9	28.8	28.8
Durable goods	1,981	1,931	1,927	1,924	24.8	24.4	24.4	24.3
Nondurable goods	1,750	1,753	1,754	1,749	36.1	36.1	36.1	36.0
Private service-providing	60,019	60,560	60,598	60,674	53.3	53.2	53.2	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,222	11,270	11,272	11,274	38.8	38.7	38.7	38.7
Wholesale trade	1,858.8	1,887.1	1,884.3	1,885.8	30.3	30.6	30.5	30.5
Retail trade	7,458.8	7,456.5	7,455.5	7,457.3	48.0	47.9	47.9	47.8
Transportation and warehousing	1,748.4	1,771.9	1,776.8	1,776.5	26.4	26.3	26.3	26.2
Utilities	155.7	154.5	154.9	154.5	26.4	26.0	26.0	25.8
Information	1,192	1,170	1,169	1,173	40.3	39.8	39.7	39.9
Financial activities	5,095	5,092	5,096	5,096	55.7	55.2	55.2	55.1
Professional and business services	10,398	10,266	10,247	10,231	45.9	45.5	45.4	45.3
Private education and health services	20,133	20,675	20,729	20,777	76.8	76.6	76.6	76.6
Leisure and hospitality	8,791	8,848	8,847	8,864	52.4	52.2	52.2	52.2
Other services	3,188	3,239	3,238	3,259	53.6	53.8	53.8	54.0
Government	13,587	13,787	13,795	13,805	58.3	58.4	58.5	58.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)
Total private	109,273	110,321	110,463	110,576
Goods-producing	15,426	15,373	15,393	15,405
Mining and logging	498	471	469	467
Construction	5,967	6,002	6,022	6,032
Manufacturing	8,961	8,900	8,902	8,906
Durable goods	5,454	5,364	5,371	5,368
Nondurable goods	3,507	3,536	3,531	3,538
Private service-providing	93,847	94,948	95,070	95,171
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,382	24,651	24,681	24,711
Wholesale trade	4,837.4	4,887.1	4,891.8	4,889.0
Retail trade	13,280.7	13,372.4	13,366.2	13,395.9
Transportation and warehousing	5,794.9	5,920.1	5,949.8	5,949.7
Utilities	469.2	471.2	473.3	476.4
Information	2,375	2,353	2,354	2,344
Financial activities	6,905	6,965	6,986	6,989
Professional and business services	17,846	17,720	17,725	17,713
Private education and health services	22,849	23,622	23,692	23,753
Leisure and hospitality	14,661	14,761	14,753	14,765
Other services	4,829	4,876	4,879	4,896
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.8	33.6	33.6	33.8
Goods-producing	40.6	40.5	40.5	40.7
Mining and logging	47.4	45.1	44.7	44.6
Construction	40.0	39.7	39.5	39.9
Manufacturing	40.6	40.7	41.0	41.1
Durable goods	40.9	41.0	41.2	41.4
Nondurable goods	40.2	40.4	40.6	40.6
Private service-providing	32.7	32.4	32.5	32.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	34.0	34.1	34.1
Wholesale trade	39.2	39.0	39.1	39.2
Retail trade	30.3	30.2	30.3	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	37.5	37.7	37.8	37.8
Utilities	42.4	42.8	42.3	42.4
Information	36.0	35.7	35.8	35.9
Financial activities	36.9	37.2	37.3	37.3
Professional and business services	36.4	36.2	36.2	36.4
Private education and health services	32.4	31.9	31.9	31.9
Leisure and hospitality	24.2	23.9	23.9	24.8
Other services	31.3	31.0	30.9	30.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.7
Durable goods	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.7
Nondurable goods	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.8
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)
Total private	$29.80	$30.80	$30.91	$30.96	$1,007.24	$1,034.88	$1,038.58	$1,046.45
Goods-producing	30.79	31.91	32.00	32.21	1,250.07	1,292.36	1,296.00	1,310.95
Mining and logging	36.25	36.74	37.10	37.04	1,718.25	1,656.97	1,658.37	1,651.98
Construction	35.34	36.56	36.66	36.79	1,413.60	1,451.43	1,448.07	1,467.92
Manufacturing	27.45	28.58	28.68	28.92	1,114.47	1,163.21	1,175.88	1,188.61
Durable goods	28.92	30.14	30.27	30.62	1,182.83	1,235.74	1,247.12	1,267.67
Nondurable goods	25.13	26.17	26.21	26.28	1,010.23	1,057.27	1,064.13	1,066.97
Private service-providing	29.59	30.58	30.69	30.71	967.59	990.79	997.43	1,004.22
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25.94	26.43	26.48	26.58	881.96	898.62	902.97	906.38
Wholesale trade	31.13	31.64	31.68	31.67	1,220.30	1,233.96	1,238.69	1,241.46
Retail trade	20.89	21.25	21.34	21.46	632.97	641.75	646.60	650.24
Transportation and warehousing	29.01	29.58	29.57	29.73	1,087.88	1,115.17	1,117.75	1,123.79
Utilities	45.10	46.06	46.06	46.05	1,912.24	1,971.37	1,948.34	1,952.52
Information	40.83	42.08	42.37	42.85	1,469.88	1,502.26	1,516.85	1,538.32
Financial activities	35.38	36.50	36.67	36.82	1,305.52	1,357.80	1,367.79	1,373.39
Professional and business services	35.04	36.50	36.67	36.73	1,275.46	1,321.30	1,327.45	1,336.97
Private education and health services	31.05	32.28	32.38	32.34	1,006.02	1,029.73	1,032.92	1,031.65
Leisure and hospitality	19.30	19.94	20.03	20.11	467.06	476.57	478.72	498.73
Other services	27.14	28.26	28.39	28.19	849.48	876.06	877.25	871.07
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2025 - Mar. 2025(p)	Mar. 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025(p)	Mar. 2025(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2025 - Mar. 2025(p)
Total private	123.1	123.5	123.7	124.5	0.6	245.1	254.3	255.5	257.7	0.9
Goods-producing	95.7	95.1	95.3	95.8	0.5	180.4	185.9	186.7	189.0	1.2
Mining and logging	125.4	112.9	111.4	110.7	-0.6	264.5	241.2	240.4	238.4	-0.8
Construction	119.5	119.3	119.1	120.5	1.2	228.1	235.5	235.8	239.4	1.5
Manufacturing	83.5	83.2	83.8	84.0	0.2	149.9	155.4	157.1	158.9	1.1
Durable goods	83.8	82.6	83.1	83.5	0.5	151.3	155.5	157.1	159.6	1.6
Nondurable goods	83.1	84.2	84.5	84.6	0.1	147.5	155.6	156.4	157.2	0.5
Private service-providing	130.8	131.1	131.6	132.6	0.8	265.4	274.9	277.1	279.3	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	116.0	117.3	117.8	118.0	0.2	215.1	221.6	223.0	224.1	0.5
Wholesale trade	112.5	113.1	113.5	113.7	0.2	206.8	211.2	212.2	212.6	0.2
Retail trade	102.0	102.4	102.7	102.9	0.2	182.8	186.6	187.9	189.4	0.8
Transportation and warehousing	164.5	168.9	170.2	170.2	0.0	303.7	318.0	320.4	322.1	0.5
Utilities	101.7	103.1	102.4	103.3	0.9	191.5	198.2	196.8	198.5	0.9
Information	97.6	95.9	96.2	96.0	-0.2	197.3	199.7	201.8	203.8	1.0
Financial activities	119.9	121.9	122.6	122.7	0.1	261.0	273.8	276.7	277.9	0.4
Professional and business services	145.0	143.2	143.2	143.9	0.5	302.2	310.9	312.4	314.4	0.6
Private education and health services	157.8	160.7	161.1	161.6	0.3	323.5	342.3	344.4	344.8	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	130.0	129.2	129.2	134.1	3.8	284.8	292.6	293.8	306.3	4.3
Other services	106.0	106.0	105.7	106.1	0.4	209.6	218.3	218.7	217.9	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.