Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	          USDL-24-1270
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, July 5, 2024

Technical information: 
 Household data:      (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	      (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JUNE 2024


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 206,000 in June, and the unemployment rate
changed little at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job
gains occurred in government, health care, social assistance, and construction. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The
establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For
more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys,
see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.1 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 6.8
million, changed little in June. These measures are higher than a year earlier, when the
jobless rate was 3.6 percent and the number of unemployed people was 6.0 million. (See
table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (3.7 percent) and
Asians (4.1 percent) increased in June. The jobless rates for adult men (3.8 percent),
teenagers (12.1 percent), Whites (3.5 percent), Blacks (6.3 percent), and Hispanics
(4.9 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) rose by 166,000
to 1.5 million in June. This measure is up from 1.1 million a year earlier. The long-term
unemployed accounted for 22.2 percent of all unemployed people in June. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate changed little at 62.6 percent in June, and the
employment-population ratio held at 60.1 percent. These measures showed little or no change
over the year. (See table A-1.) 

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.2 million, changed little
in June. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See
table A-8.) 

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job declined by 483,000 to
5.2 million in June. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not
actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take
a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force, at 1.5 million, was essentially unchanged in June. These individuals
wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months
but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for
them, edged down to 365,000 in June. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 206,000 in June, similar to the average monthly
gain of 220,000 over the prior 12 months. In June, job gains occurred in government, health
care, social assistance, and construction. (See table B-1.)

Government employment rose by 70,000 in June, higher than the average monthly gain of 49,000
over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment increased in local government, excluding
education (+34,000) and in state government (+26,000).

Health care added 49,000 jobs in June, lower than the average monthly gain of 64,000 over the
prior 12 months. In June, employment rose in ambulatory health care services (+22,000) and 
hospitals (+22,000).

Employment in social assistance increased by 34,000 in June, primarily in individual and
family services (+26,000). Over the prior 12 months, social assistance had added an average of
22,000 jobs per month.

Construction added 27,000 jobs in June, higher than the average monthly gain of 20,000 over
the prior 12 months. 

Retail trade employment changed little in June (-9,000), after trending up earlier in the
year. Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers lost 6,000 jobs over
the month, while warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers gained
5,000 jobs.

Employment in professional and business services changed little in June (-17,000) and has
shown little change over the year. Temporary help services employment declined by 49,000 over
the month and is down by 515,000 since reaching a peak in March 2022. Employment in 
professional, scientific, and technical services continued to trend up in June (+24,000). 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; transportation and
warehousing; information; financial activities; leisure and hospitality; and other services.

In June, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by
10 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $35.00. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have
increased by 3.9 percent. In June, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees increased by 10 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $30.05. (See tables B-3 
and B-8.) 

In June, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.3 hours
for the third consecutive month. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.2
hours, and overtime remained at 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours.
(See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for April was revised down by 57,000, from
+165,000 to +108,000, and the change for May was revised down by 54,000, from +272,000 to
+218,000. With these revisions, employment in April and May combined is 111,000 lower than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from 
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the 
recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for July is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 2, 2024,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											     |
|             2024 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data		     |
|                             to be released on August 21, 2024				     |
|											     |
| Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts	     |
| of employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month of    |
| March. These counts are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that    |
| nearly all employers are required to file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on August 21, 2024, the	     |
| Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the preliminary estimate of the upcoming     |
| annual benchmark revision to the establishment survey data. This is the same day that	     |
| the first-quarter 2024 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark revisions	     |
| for all major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private employment,     |
| will be available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.				     |
|											     |
| The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2025	     |
| Employment Situation news release in February 2025.					     |
|____________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	Change from: May 2024- June 2024
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	266,801	268,066	268,248	268,438	190
Civilian labor force	167,000	167,982	167,732	168,009	277
Participation rate	62.6	62.7	62.5	62.6	0.1
Employed	161,004	161,491	161,083	161,199	116
Employment-population ratio	60.3	60.2	60.1	60.1	0.0
Unemployed	5,997	6,492	6,649	6,811	162
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.9	4.0	4.1	0.1
Not in labor force	99,801	100,083	100,516	100,429	-87
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.6	3.9	4.0	4.1	0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.8	0.0
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.7	0.3
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	11.2	11.7	12.3	12.1	-0.2
White	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.5	0.0
Black or African American	6.0	5.6	6.1	6.3	0.2
Asian	3.1	2.8	3.1	4.1	1.0
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.2	4.8	5.0	4.9	-0.1
Total, 25 years and over	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.3	0.1
Less than a high school diploma	6.0	6.0	5.9	5.9	0.0
High school graduates, no college	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	3.0	3.3	3.1	3.4	0.3
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.4	0.3
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,790	3,241	3,220	3,176	-44
Job leavers	796	785	717	752	35
Reentrants	1,776	1,929	2,046	2,094	48
New entrants	559	574	630	708	78
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,065	2,262	2,309	2,128	-181
5 to 14 weeks	1,850	1,987	1,918	2,102	184
15 to 26 weeks	905	869	955	1,087	132
27 weeks and over	1,117	1,250	1,350	1,516	166
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,198	4,469	4,419	4,220	-199
Slack work or business conditions	2,930	3,058	3,086	2,832	-254
Could only find part-time work	963	1,134	1,042	1,144	102
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,312	22,253	22,662	22,341	-321
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,432	1,565	1,525	1,508	-17
Discouraged workers	311	362	462	365	-97
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	240	108	218	206
Total private	185	108	193	136
Goods-producing	42	-3	12	19
Mining and logging	0	-5	-4	0
Construction	33	-5	16	27
Manufacturing	9	7	0	-8
Durable goods(1)	19	3	-5	-10
Motor vehicles and parts	4.4	2.2	5.3	5.9
Nondurable goods	-10	4	5	2
Private service-providing	143	111	181	117
Wholesale trade	1.4	6.5	1.5	14.2
Retail trade	-5.5	14.2	7.1	-8.5
Transportation and warehousing	-12.1	20.8	12.2	7.3
Utilities	0.9	0.0	1.3	0.9
Information	-7	-3	5	6
Financial activities	9	-3	12	9
Professional and business services(1)	7	-17	31	-17
Temporary help services	-28.3	-23.7	-15.9	-48.9
Private education and health services(1)	77	98	81	82
Health care and social assistance	74.9	98.4	82.9	82.4
Leisure and hospitality	60	-9	22	7
Other services	12	4	8	16
Government	55	0	25	70
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	274	218	212	177
Total private	223	174	178	146
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.8
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.3	81.4	81.4	81.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.3	34.3	34.3
Average hourly earnings	$33.70	$34.75	$34.90	$35.00
Average weekly earnings	$1,159.28	$1,191.93	$1,197.07	$1,200.50
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.1	116.2	116.4	116.5
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	-0.2	0.2	0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	185.4	193.0	194.2	194.9
Over-the-month percent change	0.6	-0.1	0.6	0.4
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	57.2	55.4	56.4	59.6
Manufacturing (72 industries)	52.8	54.2	48.6	45.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 119,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 629,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024	June 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	266,801	268,248	268,438	266,801	267,711	267,884	268,066	268,248	268,438
Civilian labor force	167,910	167,576	169,007	167,000	167,426	167,895	167,982	167,732	168,009
Participation rate	62.9	62.5	63.0	62.6	62.5	62.7	62.7	62.5	62.6
Employed	161,559	161,341	161,774	161,004	160,968	161,466	161,491	161,083	161,199
Employment-population ratio	60.6	60.1	60.3	60.3	60.1	60.3	60.2	60.1	60.1
Unemployed	6,351	6,235	7,233	5,997	6,458	6,429	6,492	6,649	6,811
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.7	4.3	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1
Not in labor force	98,891	100,672	99,431	99,801	100,285	99,989	100,083	100,516	100,429
Persons who currently want a job	5,846	6,259	5,655	5,383	5,672	5,443	5,637	5,717	5,234
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,408	130,782	130,875	130,408	130,520	130,605	130,694	130,782	130,875
Civilian labor force	89,503	88,591	89,900	88,848	88,391	88,812	88,708	88,619	89,171
Participation rate	68.6	67.7	68.7	68.1	67.7	68.0	67.9	67.8	68.1
Employed	86,140	85,076	86,182	85,518	84,993	85,490	85,208	84,882	85,514
Employment-population ratio	66.1	65.1	65.9	65.6	65.1	65.5	65.2	64.9	65.3
Unemployed	3,363	3,515	3,719	3,330	3,398	3,323	3,500	3,737	3,657
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.0	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.9	4.2	4.1
Not in labor force	40,905	42,191	40,974	41,560	42,129	41,793	41,986	42,163	41,704
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,646	121,844	121,929	121,646	121,611	121,685	121,763	121,844	121,929
Civilian labor force	85,895	85,283	85,994	85,776	85,180	85,398	85,382	85,229	85,846
Participation rate	70.6	70.0	70.5	70.5	70.0	70.2	70.1	69.9	70.4
Employed	83,068	82,225	82,865	82,836	82,178	82,543	82,318	81,986	82,618
Employment-population ratio	68.3	67.5	68.0	68.1	67.6	67.8	67.6	67.3	67.8
Unemployed	2,827	3,057	3,129	2,941	3,002	2,855	3,064	3,243	3,227
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.8	3.8
Not in labor force	35,750	36,561	35,935	35,869	36,431	36,287	36,381	36,615	36,083
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	136,393	137,465	137,564	136,393	137,191	137,279	137,372	137,465	137,564
Civilian labor force	78,407	78,985	79,107	78,152	79,035	79,083	79,274	79,113	78,838
Participation rate	57.5	57.5	57.5	57.3	57.6	57.6	57.7	57.6	57.3
Employed	75,419	76,265	75,592	75,486	75,975	75,976	76,283	76,201	75,684
Employment-population ratio	55.3	55.5	55.0	55.3	55.4	55.3	55.5	55.4	55.0
Unemployed	2,987	2,720	3,515	2,667	3,060	3,106	2,991	2,912	3,154
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.4	4.4	3.4	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7	4.0
Not in labor force	57,986	58,481	58,457	58,241	58,156	58,197	58,098	58,353	58,725
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	127,932	128,830	128,922	127,932	128,581	128,659	128,742	128,830	128,922
Civilian labor force	74,722	75,723	75,336	74,963	75,835	75,792	75,989	75,812	75,587
Participation rate	58.4	58.8	58.4	58.6	59.0	58.9	59.0	58.8	58.6
Employed	72,171	73,338	72,339	72,605	73,182	73,061	73,334	73,226	72,798
Employment-population ratio	56.4	56.9	56.1	56.8	56.9	56.8	57.0	56.8	56.5
Unemployed	2,551	2,385	2,997	2,358	2,653	2,731	2,655	2,586	2,788
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.1	4.0	3.1	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.7
Not in labor force	53,210	53,106	53,585	52,969	52,746	52,867	52,753	53,018	53,335
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,223	17,574	17,588	17,223	17,519	17,540	17,561	17,574	17,588
Civilian labor force	7,293	6,570	7,676	6,261	6,411	6,704	6,611	6,692	6,577
Participation rate	42.3	37.4	43.6	36.4	36.6	38.2	37.6	38.1	37.4
Employed	6,320	5,777	6,569	5,563	5,608	5,862	5,839	5,871	5,782
Employment-population ratio	36.7	32.9	37.3	32.3	32.0	33.4	33.2	33.4	32.9
Unemployed	973	793	1,107	698	803	842	772	821	795
Unemployment rate	13.3	12.1	14.4	11.2	12.5	12.6	11.7	12.3	12.1
Not in labor force	9,931	11,004	9,912	10,962	11,108	10,835	10,950	10,882	11,011
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024	June 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	204,433	204,917	205,010	204,433	204,677	204,752	204,831	204,917	205,010
Civilian labor force	127,942	127,207	128,224	127,358	127,040	127,596	127,708	127,384	127,552
Participation rate	62.6	62.1	62.5	62.3	62.1	62.3	62.3	62.2	62.2
Employed	123,760	123,061	123,477	123,422	122,685	123,286	123,229	122,922	123,095
Employment-population ratio	60.5	60.1	60.2	60.4	59.9	60.2	60.2	60.0	60.0
Unemployed	4,182	4,145	4,747	3,936	4,356	4,310	4,479	4,462	4,457
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.3	3.7	3.1	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5
Not in labor force	76,491	77,711	76,786	77,075	77,637	77,156	77,123	77,533	77,457
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,596	65,804	66,275	66,507	65,685	65,963	65,982	65,797	66,154
Participation rate	70.4	69.6	70.1	70.3	69.6	69.8	69.8	69.6	70.0
Employed	64,668	63,762	64,203	64,498	63,658	64,029	63,801	63,588	64,011
Employment-population ratio	68.3	67.5	67.9	68.2	67.4	67.8	67.5	67.3	67.7
Unemployed	1,928	2,042	2,072	2,008	2,027	1,933	2,181	2,208	2,143
Unemployment rate	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.3	3.4	3.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,784	56,340	55,969	56,068	56,454	56,489	56,622	56,441	56,268
Participation rate	57.3	57.7	57.3	57.6	57.9	57.9	58.0	57.8	57.6
Employed	54,176	54,787	54,059	54,606	54,646	54,677	54,843	54,752	54,505
Employment-population ratio	55.7	56.1	55.3	56.1	56.0	56.0	56.2	56.0	55.8
Unemployed	1,608	1,553	1,910	1,462	1,808	1,811	1,779	1,689	1,763
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.8	3.4	2.6	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	5,562	5,062	5,979	4,784	4,902	5,145	5,103	5,146	5,131
Participation rate	44.4	39.8	47.0	38.2	38.6	40.5	40.2	40.5	40.4
Employed	4,916	4,512	5,214	4,318	4,381	4,580	4,584	4,582	4,580
Employment-population ratio	39.3	35.5	41.0	34.5	34.5	36.1	36.1	36.1	36.0
Unemployed	646	550	765	466	520	565	519	564	551
Unemployment rate	11.6	10.9	12.8	9.7	10.6	11.0	10.2	11.0	10.7
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,644	34,949	34,982	34,644	34,849	34,883	34,918	34,949	34,982
Civilian labor force	21,886	21,999	22,126	21,705	22,190	22,170	22,051	21,986	21,942
Participation rate	63.2	62.9	63.3	62.7	63.7	63.6	63.2	62.9	62.7
Employed	20,495	20,672	20,654	20,411	20,950	20,746	20,812	20,643	20,570
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.1	59.0	58.9	60.1	59.5	59.6	59.1	58.8
Unemployed	1,392	1,327	1,472	1,294	1,240	1,424	1,239	1,343	1,372
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.0	6.7	6.0	5.6	6.4	5.6	6.1	6.3
Not in labor force	12,757	12,950	12,856	12,938	12,659	12,713	12,867	12,963	13,040
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,128	10,164	10,328	10,073	10,344	10,317	10,194	10,150	10,269
Participation rate	68.5	68.4	69.5	68.1	69.8	69.6	68.7	68.3	69.1
Employed	9,547	9,506	9,715	9,478	9,709	9,677	9,661	9,497	9,643
Employment-population ratio	64.5	64.0	65.3	64.1	65.5	65.3	65.1	63.9	64.9
Unemployed	581	658	613	596	636	640	533	654	626
Unemployment rate	5.7	6.5	5.9	5.9	6.1	6.2	5.2	6.4	6.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,881	11,016	10,911	10,880	11,050	10,999	10,991	10,994	10,906
Participation rate	62.8	63.0	62.4	62.8	63.4	63.0	62.9	62.9	62.3
Employed	10,260	10,459	10,244	10,295	10,568	10,387	10,442	10,421	10,289
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.8	58.5	59.4	60.6	59.5	59.8	59.6	58.8
Unemployed	621	557	667	585	482	612	548	572	617
Unemployment rate	5.7	5.1	6.1	5.4	4.4	5.6	5.0	5.2	5.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	877	818	888	752	796	854	867	842	767
Participation rate	34.6	31.3	33.9	29.7	30.7	32.8	33.2	32.2	29.3
Employed	688	706	695	639	673	682	709	725	637
Employment-population ratio	27.1	27.0	26.6	25.2	25.9	26.2	27.2	27.7	24.3
Unemployed	189	112	192	114	122	171	158	117	130
Unemployment rate	21.6	13.6	21.7	15.1	15.4	20.1	18.2	13.9	16.9
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,491	17,993	18,052	17,491	17,784	17,781	17,816	17,993	18,052
Civilian labor force	11,495	11,734	11,955	11,444	11,472	11,403	11,536	11,754	11,888
Participation rate	65.7	65.2	66.2	65.4	64.5	64.1	64.7	65.3	65.9
Employed	11,104	11,395	11,428	11,084	11,081	11,113	11,214	11,393	11,400
Employment-population ratio	63.5	63.3	63.3	63.4	62.3	62.5	62.9	63.3	63.2
Unemployed	391	339	527	360	390	290	322	361	488
Unemployment rate	3.4	2.9	4.4	3.1	3.4	2.5	2.8	3.1	4.1
Not in labor force	5,997	6,259	6,097	6,047	6,312	6,379	6,280	6,239	6,163
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024	June 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	47,473	48,764	48,864	47,473	48,467	48,565	48,667	48,764	48,864
Civilian labor force	32,063	32,750	33,173	31,942	32,499	32,442	32,777	32,815	33,002
Participation rate	67.5	67.2	67.9	67.3	67.1	66.8	67.3	67.3	67.5
Employed	30,684	31,259	31,531	30,588	30,883	30,994	31,187	31,185	31,388
Employment-population ratio	64.6	64.1	64.5	64.4	63.7	63.8	64.1	64.0	64.2
Unemployed	1,379	1,492	1,642	1,354	1,616	1,448	1,589	1,630	1,614
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.6	4.9	4.2	5.0	4.5	4.8	5.0	4.9
Not in labor force	15,410	16,014	15,691	15,531	15,967	16,123	15,890	15,949	15,862
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,212	17,597	17,800	17,199	17,415	17,455	17,532	17,592	17,769
Participation rate	79.8	79.8	80.6	79.7	79.5	79.5	79.7	79.8	80.5
Employed	16,647	16,847	17,118	16,571	16,720	16,800	16,765	16,767	17,023
Employment-population ratio	77.2	76.4	77.5	76.8	76.3	76.5	76.2	76.1	77.1
Unemployed	565	750	682	627	695	654	766	826	746
Unemployment rate	3.3	4.3	3.8	3.6	4.0	3.7	4.4	4.7	4.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,191	13,549	13,566	13,205	13,535	13,483	13,638	13,582	13,555
Participation rate	61.3	61.2	61.1	61.4	61.5	61.1	61.7	61.3	61.1
Employed	12,618	13,046	12,932	12,660	12,860	12,870	13,016	13,032	12,951
Employment-population ratio	58.6	58.9	58.3	58.8	58.4	58.4	58.9	58.9	58.4
Unemployed	572	503	634	545	675	612	623	550	604
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.7	4.7	4.1	5.0	4.5	4.6	4.1	4.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,660	1,604	1,807	1,538	1,549	1,504	1,607	1,641	1,678
Participation rate	37.9	35.0	39.3	35.1	34.0	33.0	35.1	35.8	36.5
Employed	1,419	1,366	1,481	1,357	1,304	1,323	1,406	1,386	1,414
Employment-population ratio	32.4	29.8	32.2	30.9	28.6	29.0	30.7	30.2	30.8
Unemployed	242	238	326	181	246	181	200	254	264
Unemployment rate	14.5	14.9	18.1	11.8	15.9	12.0	12.5	15.5	15.7
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024	June 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,391	9,285	9,346	9,201	9,192	8,916	8,990	9,046	9,145
Participation rate	47.7	47.2	48.0	46.7	48.3	46.3	46.8	46.0	47.0
Employed	8,884	8,801	8,849	8,645	8,626	8,483	8,451	8,515	8,604
Employment-population ratio	45.1	44.8	45.4	43.9	45.4	44.1	44.0	43.3	44.2
Unemployed	507	484	497	556	565	433	539	531	541
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.2	5.3	6.0	6.1	4.9	6.0	5.9	5.9
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,780	36,391	35,951	36,049	36,474	36,364	36,208	36,340	36,235
Participation rate	56.5	56.9	56.6	57.0	57.0	57.3	56.7	56.8	57.0
Employed	34,441	34,934	34,494	34,646	34,948	34,866	34,757	34,785	34,709
Employment-population ratio	54.4	54.6	54.3	54.8	54.7	54.9	54.4	54.4	54.6
Unemployed	1,339	1,456	1,457	1,403	1,526	1,498	1,451	1,555	1,526
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.0	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.3	4.2
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,572	35,360	35,473	35,587	36,322	36,147	36,225	35,610	35,569
Participation rate	62.5	62.6	62.5	62.5	63.5	63.2	62.9	63.1	62.7
Employed	34,475	34,328	34,244	34,504	35,178	34,918	35,017	34,517	34,353
Employment-population ratio	60.5	60.8	60.3	60.6	61.5	61.1	60.8	61.1	60.5
Unemployed	1,096	1,032	1,229	1,082	1,144	1,229	1,208	1,092	1,216
Unemployment rate	3.1	2.9	3.5	3.0	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.4
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	63,652	64,934	64,855	64,205	63,965	64,478	64,449	64,994	65,352
Participation rate	72.7	72.8	72.3	73.3	72.1	72.4	72.8	72.8	72.8
Employed	62,310	63,667	63,198	62,945	62,527	63,095	63,047	63,622	63,800
Employment-population ratio	71.2	71.3	70.4	71.9	70.5	70.8	71.2	71.3	71.1
Unemployed	1,342	1,267	1,657	1,259	1,438	1,383	1,402	1,372	1,552
Unemployment rate	2.1	2.0	2.6	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.4
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	June 2023	June 2024	June 2023	June 2024	June 2023	June 2024
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,920	17,582	15,879	15,532	2,041	2,050
Civilian labor force	8,576	8,295	7,486	7,151	1,090	1,145
Participation rate	47.9	47.2	47.1	46.0	53.4	55.8
Employed	8,346	8,060	7,278	6,952	1,067	1,108
Employment-population ratio	46.6	45.8	45.8	44.8	52.3	54.0
Unemployed	230	236	208	199	22	37
Unemployment rate	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.1	3.2
Not in labor force	9,344	9,287	8,393	8,381	951	905
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,040	5,252	4,123	4,343	917	909
Civilian labor force	3,973	4,163	3,354	3,507	620	656
Participation rate	78.8	79.3	81.3	80.7	67.6	72.2
Employed	3,872	4,008	3,255	3,372	617	636
Employment-population ratio	76.8	76.3	78.9	77.6	67.3	70.0
Unemployed	102	155	99	135	3	20
Unemployment rate	2.6	3.7	2.9	3.8	0.5	3.1
Not in labor force	1,066	1,089	769	836	297	253
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,949	2,885	2,499	2,395	450	490
Civilian labor force	2,073	1,920	1,790	1,612	283	308
Participation rate	70.3	66.5	71.6	67.3	63.0	62.8
Employed	2,028	1,891	1,758	1,594	270	296
Employment-population ratio	68.8	65.5	70.4	66.6	60.0	60.4
Unemployed	45	29	31	18	13	12
Unemployment rate	2.2	1.5	1.7	1.1	4.8	3.8
Not in labor force	876	965	710	783	166	183
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,987	5,653	5,733	5,414	254	239
Civilian labor force	849	697	820	675	29	22
Participation rate	14.2	12.3	14.3	12.5	11.6	9.1
Employed	819	683	789	662	29	22
Employment-population ratio	13.7	12.1	13.8	12.2	11.6	9.1
Unemployed	30	14	30	14	0	0
Unemployment rate	3.6	1.9	3.7	2.0	-	-
Not in labor force	5,138	4,956	4,913	4,739	225	217
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,944	3,792	3,524	3,380	420	412
Civilian labor force	1,680	1,516	1,523	1,357	157	159
Participation rate	42.6	40.0	43.2	40.1	37.4	38.6
Employed	1,627	1,478	1,476	1,324	151	154
Employment-population ratio	41.2	39.0	41.9	39.2	35.9	37.5
Unemployed	53	38	47	33	6	5
Unemployment rate	3.2	2.5	3.1	2.4	3.9	3.0
Not in labor force	2,264	2,276	2,001	2,023	263	253
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	239,520	241,546	109,818	110,669	129,702	130,877
Civilian labor force	156,449	157,713	80,623	81,265	75,826	76,448
Participation rate	65.3	65.3	73.4	73.4	58.5	58.4
Employed	150,762	151,212	77,719	77,978	73,043	73,234
Employment-population ratio	62.9	62.6	70.8	70.5	56.3	56.0
Unemployed	5,687	6,501	2,904	3,287	2,783	3,214
Unemployment rate	3.6	4.1	3.6	4.0	3.7	4.2
Not in labor force	83,071	83,833	29,195	29,404	53,876	54,429
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	June 2023	June 2024	June 2023	June 2024
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,152	33,685	232,649	234,753
Civilian labor force	8,193	8,247	159,717	160,760
Participation rate	24.0	24.5	68.7	68.5
Employed	7,638	7,586	153,921	154,188
Employment-population ratio	22.4	22.5	66.2	65.7
Unemployed	555	662	5,796	6,572
Unemployment rate	6.8	8.0	3.6	4.1
Not in labor force	25,960	25,438	72,931	73,994
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,360	3,574	80,084	80,056
Participation rate	39.9	43.8	83.8	83.8
Employed	3,138	3,285	77,113	76,801
Employment-population ratio	37.3	40.3	80.6	80.4
Unemployed	221	289	2,971	3,254
Unemployment rate	6.6	8.1	3.7	4.1
Not in labor force	5,052	4,586	15,531	15,502
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,348	3,293	70,132	70,662
Participation rate	39.5	39.0	73.0	73.1
Employed	3,112	2,958	67,547	67,631
Employment-population ratio	36.7	35.0	70.3	70.0
Unemployed	235	335	2,585	3,031
Unemployment rate	7.0	10.2	3.7	4.3
Not in labor force	5,124	5,149	25,942	25,987
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,485	1,380	9,502	10,042
Participation rate	8.6	8.1	23.2	23.6
Employed	1,387	1,343	9,262	9,756
Employment-population ratio	8.0	7.9	22.6	22.9
Unemployed	99	37	240	286
Unemployment rate	6.6	2.7	2.5	2.8
Not in labor force	15,784	15,703	31,458	32,504
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	June 2023	June 2024	June 2023	June 2024	June 2023	June 2024
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	45,873	48,099	22,463	23,476	23,409	24,623
Civilian labor force	30,730	32,224	17,508	18,318	13,222	13,906
Participation rate	67.0	67.0	77.9	78.0	56.5	56.5
Employed	29,710	30,867	17,042	17,575	12,668	13,292
Employment-population ratio	64.8	64.2	75.9	74.9	54.1	54.0
Unemployed	1,020	1,357	466	743	555	614
Unemployment rate	3.3	4.2	2.7	4.1	4.2	4.4
Not in labor force	15,142	15,875	4,955	5,158	10,187	10,717
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	220,928	220,339	107,945	107,399	112,984	112,940
Civilian labor force	137,180	136,783	71,995	71,582	65,185	65,200
Participation rate	62.1	62.1	66.7	66.7	57.7	57.7
Employed	131,849	130,906	69,097	68,607	62,752	62,300
Employment-population ratio	59.7	59.4	64.0	63.9	55.5	55.2
Unemployed	5,331	5,877	2,898	2,976	2,433	2,901
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.3	4.0	4.2	3.7	4.4
Not in labor force	83,749	83,556	35,950	35,817	47,799	47,740
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024	June 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,398	2,283	2,513	2,299	2,201	2,217	2,246	2,221	2,379
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,650	1,545	1,779	1,584	1,524	1,507	1,555	1,504	1,666
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	712	680	694	673	649	654	657	657	655
Unpaid family workers	36	59	40	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	159,161	159,058	159,261	158,886	158,601	158,970	159,161	158,919	158,984
Wage and salary workers(1)	150,021	149,507	150,084	149,799	149,321	149,513	149,831	149,413	149,846
Government	21,022	21,710	21,069	21,522	21,142	21,436	21,616	21,613	21,560
Private industries	128,999	127,797	129,015	128,265	128,256	128,092	128,170	127,746	128,300
Private households	641	617	612	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	128,358	127,180	128,403	127,634	127,392	127,331	127,493	127,072	127,646
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,055	9,502	9,126	8,922	9,377	9,522	9,295	9,408	9,025
Unpaid family workers	84	49	51	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,403	4,217	4,421	4,198	4,376	4,308	4,469	4,419	4,220
Slack work or business conditions	2,955	2,937	2,853	2,930	2,863	2,972	3,058	3,086	2,832
Could only find part-time work	974	1,025	1,181	963	1,104	999	1,134	1,042	1,144
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,354	22,754	21,341	21,312	22,309	22,902	22,253	22,662	22,341
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,337	4,152	4,350	4,121	4,300	4,255	4,404	4,340	4,138
Slack work or business conditions	2,910	2,892	2,806	2,879	2,803	2,949	3,010	3,036	2,778
Could only find part-time work	970	1,014	1,171	958	1,098	980	1,132	1,028	1,134
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,004	22,382	20,952	20,951	21,951	22,523	21,906	22,285	21,947
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024	June 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	161,559	161,341	161,774	161,004	160,968	161,466	161,491	161,083	161,199
16 to 19 years	6,320	5,777	6,569	5,563	5,608	5,862	5,839	5,871	5,782
16 to 17 years	2,451	2,040	2,502	2,175	2,035	2,146	2,116	2,153	2,207
18 to 19 years	3,868	3,738	4,067	3,379	3,595	3,756	3,727	3,733	3,556
20 years and over	155,239	155,564	155,205	155,441	155,360	155,604	155,652	155,212	155,417
20 to 24 years	15,130	13,833	14,420	14,730	14,192	14,287	14,419	13,945	14,050
25 years and over	140,110	141,730	140,784	140,662	141,300	141,485	141,328	141,385	141,364
25 to 54 years	103,108	104,148	103,600	103,372	103,717	103,669	103,832	103,919	103,874
25 to 34 years	35,712	35,767	35,593	35,758	35,672	35,667	35,638	35,694	35,645
35 to 44 years	35,267	36,207	36,023	35,382	36,117	36,123	36,197	36,121	36,147
45 to 54 years	32,130	32,174	31,984	32,232	31,928	31,879	31,997	32,105	32,081
55 years and over	37,002	37,582	37,185	37,290	37,582	37,816	37,497	37,466	37,491
Men, 16 years and over	86,140	85,076	86,182	85,518	84,993	85,490	85,208	84,882	85,514
16 to 19 years	3,072	2,851	3,317	2,682	2,815	2,947	2,890	2,896	2,896
16 to 17 years	1,142	948	1,251	976	939	1,022	1,000	996	1,061
18 to 19 years	1,930	1,903	2,065	1,696	1,900	1,964	1,901	1,915	1,818
20 years and over	83,068	82,225	82,865	82,836	82,178	82,543	82,318	81,986	82,618
20 to 24 years	7,784	7,088	7,461	7,534	7,107	7,222	7,381	7,110	7,218
25 years and over	75,284	75,137	75,404	75,245	75,239	75,496	75,012	74,943	75,358
25 to 54 years	55,342	55,106	55,397	55,255	55,126	55,179	55,027	54,970	55,294
25 to 34 years	19,161	18,903	19,021	19,135	18,945	18,957	18,893	18,872	18,992
35 to 44 years	19,169	19,267	19,344	19,133	19,266	19,332	19,234	19,210	19,304
45 to 54 years	17,012	16,935	17,033	16,986	16,916	16,890	16,900	16,888	16,998
55 years and over	19,942	20,032	20,006	19,990	20,112	20,316	19,985	19,973	20,063
Women, 16 years and over	75,419	76,265	75,592	75,486	75,975	75,976	76,283	76,201	75,684
16 to 19 years	3,248	2,926	3,252	2,880	2,793	2,915	2,949	2,975	2,886
16 to 17 years	1,309	1,091	1,250	1,199	1,096	1,124	1,116	1,158	1,145
18 to 19 years	1,939	1,835	2,002	1,683	1,694	1,793	1,827	1,818	1,739
20 years and over	72,171	73,338	72,339	72,605	73,182	73,061	73,334	73,226	72,798
20 to 24 years	7,345	6,746	6,959	7,196	7,085	7,065	7,038	6,835	6,833
25 years and over	64,826	66,593	65,380	65,417	66,061	65,989	66,316	66,442	66,007
25 to 54 years	47,766	49,042	48,202	48,117	48,591	48,490	48,805	48,950	48,579
25 to 34 years	16,551	16,864	16,572	16,623	16,727	16,710	16,745	16,822	16,653
35 to 44 years	16,097	16,940	16,679	16,249	16,851	16,791	16,963	16,910	16,843
45 to 54 years	15,118	15,238	14,951	15,245	15,013	14,989	15,096	15,217	15,083
55 years and over	17,060	17,551	17,178	17,300	17,470	17,500	17,511	17,492	17,427
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,696	45,752	45,752	45,898	45,387	45,962	45,547	45,712	45,902
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,422	37,123	36,522	36,857	36,822	37,069	36,906	37,020	36,964
Women who maintain families(2)	9,950	9,950	9,888	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	135,860	133,402	134,301	134,787	132,946	132,940	133,889	133,264	133,236
Part-time workers(4)	25,699	27,939	27,472	26,248	27,941	28,632	27,718	28,004	28,054
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,880	8,352	8,194	8,021	8,259	8,476	8,383	8,399	8,340
Percent of total employed	4.9	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,836	6,787	6,974	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,767	10,181	9,820	9,595	10,026	10,176	9,952	10,065	9,681
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024	June 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	5,997	6,649	6,811	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1
16 to 19 years	698	821	795	11.2	12.5	12.6	11.7	12.3	12.1
16 to 17 years	277	338	317	11.3	12.5	14.1	12.6	13.6	12.6
18 to 19 years	403	481	475	10.7	12.2	11.5	11.3	11.4	11.8
20 years and over	5,298	5,828	6,016	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.7
20 to 24 years	957	1,189	1,136	6.1	7.2	7.1	6.7	7.9	7.5
25 years and over	4,325	4,605	4,875	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.3
25 to 54 years	3,330	3,568	3,783	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.5
25 to 34 years	1,467	1,511	1,656	3.9	4.3	4.1	3.8	4.1	4.4
35 to 44 years	1,075	1,225	1,244	2.9	2.9	2.6	3.0	3.3	3.3
45 to 54 years	788	833	883	2.4	2.6	2.9	2.8	2.5	2.7
55 years and over	977	1,044	1,078	2.6	2.8	2.6	3.0	2.7	2.8
Men, 16 years and over	3,330	3,737	3,657	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.9	4.2	4.1
16 to 19 years	390	495	430	12.7	12.3	13.7	13.1	14.6	12.9
16 to 17 years	161	198	149	14.1	11.6	14.1	13.8	16.6	12.3
18 to 19 years	207	286	279	10.9	12.5	13.2	12.8	13.0	13.3
20 years and over	2,941	3,243	3,227	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.8	3.8
20 to 24 years	550	646	624	6.8	7.9	7.1	6.6	8.3	8.0
25 years and over	2,344	2,570	2,574	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.3
25 to 54 years	1,726	2,013	1,991	3.0	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.5
25 to 34 years	800	858	847	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.3	4.3
35 to 44 years	488	683	658	2.5	3.0	2.2	3.0	3.4	3.3
45 to 54 years	438	472	486	2.5	2.6	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.8
55 years and over	618	556	583	3.0	2.8	2.6	3.1	2.7	2.8
Women, 16 years and over	2,667	2,912	3,154	3.4	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7	4.0
16 to 19 years	309	326	365	9.7	12.7	11.4	10.2	9.9	11.2
16 to 17 years	117	140	168	8.9	13.1	14.2	11.6	10.8	12.8
18 to 19 years	196	195	196	10.4	11.8	9.7	9.6	9.7	10.1
20 years and over	2,358	2,586	2,788	3.1	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.7
20 to 24 years	407	543	512	5.4	6.4	7.1	6.7	7.4	7.0
25 years and over	1,981	2,035	2,302	2.9	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.4
25 to 54 years	1,604	1,555	1,792	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.6
25 to 34 years	666	653	810	3.9	4.4	4.0	3.7	3.7	4.6
35 to 44 years	587	542	586	3.5	2.8	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.4
45 to 54 years	351	361	396	2.2	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.3	2.6
55 years and over	377	481	514	2.1	2.9	2.6	2.9	2.7	2.9
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	838	880	905	1.8	1.9	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.9
Married women, spouse present(1)	815	808	870	2.2	2.0	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.3
Women who maintain families(2)	501	454	653	4.8	5.5	5.3	4.8	4.4	6.2
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,859	5,439	5,557	3.5	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.0
Part-time workers(4)	1,095	1,178	1,218	4.0	3.9	4.4	4.2	4.0	4.2
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024	June 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,817	2,836	3,199	2,790	3,216	3,042	3,241	3,220	3,176
On temporary layoff	850	556	873	781	827	779	871	836	813
Not on temporary layoff	1,968	2,279	2,326	2,009	2,389	2,263	2,370	2,384	2,362
Permanent job losers	1,439	1,724	1,641	1,443	1,730	1,655	1,756	1,764	1,643
Persons who completed temporary jobs	528	555	685	566	659	607	615	620	719
Job leavers	772	670	730	796	711	823	785	717	752
Reentrants	1,934	2,105	2,307	1,776	1,946	1,920	1,929	2,046	2,094
New entrants	828	624	997	559	611	678	574	630	708
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	44.4	45.5	44.2	47.1	49.6	47.1	49.6	48.7	47.2
On temporary layoff	13.4	8.9	12.1	13.2	12.8	12.1	13.3	12.6	12.1
Not on temporary layoff	31.0	36.6	32.2	33.9	36.8	35.0	36.3	36.0	35.1
Job leavers	12.2	10.7	10.1	13.4	11.0	12.7	12.0	10.8	11.2
Reentrants	30.4	33.8	31.9	30.0	30.0	29.7	29.5	30.9	31.1
New entrants	13.0	10.0	13.8	9.4	9.4	10.5	8.8	9.5	10.5
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9
Job leavers	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4
Reentrants	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2
New entrants	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024	June 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,788	2,275	2,834	2,065	2,326	2,189	2,262	2,309	2,128
5 to 14 weeks	1,667	1,578	1,920	1,850	1,933	1,979	1,987	1,918	2,102
15 weeks and over	1,896	2,382	2,479	2,022	2,176	2,228	2,119	2,305	2,603
15 to 26 weeks	845	1,049	1,016	905	974	982	869	955	1,087
27 weeks and over	1,051	1,333	1,464	1,117	1,203	1,246	1,250	1,350	1,516
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	19.3	22.0	19.3	20.7	20.9	21.6	19.9	21.2	20.7
Median duration, in weeks	6.4	9.3	7.5	8.8	9.3	9.5	8.7	8.9	9.8
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	43.9	36.5	39.2	34.8	36.1	34.2	35.5	35.3	31.1
5 to 14 weeks	26.2	25.3	26.5	31.2	30.0	30.9	31.2	29.4	30.8
15 weeks and over	29.8	38.2	34.3	34.1	33.8	34.8	33.3	35.3	38.1
15 to 26 weeks	13.3	16.8	14.0	15.2	15.1	15.3	13.6	14.6	15.9
27 weeks and over	16.6	21.4	20.2	18.8	18.7	19.5	19.6	20.7	22.2
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	June 2023	June 2024	June 2023	June 2024	June 2023	June 2024
Total, 16 years and over(1)	161,559	161,774	6,351	7,233	3.8	4.3
Management, professional, and related occupations	69,956	71,002	1,609	1,887	2.2	2.6
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,881	31,193	600	705	1.9	2.2
Professional and related occupations	39,075	39,808	1,009	1,182	2.5	2.9
Service occupations	27,041	26,851	1,222	1,418	4.3	5.0
Sales and office occupations	30,135	29,679	1,094	1,129	3.5	3.7
Sales and related occupations	14,218	14,111	589	666	4.0	4.5
Office and administrative support occupations	15,917	15,568	506	463	3.1	2.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,596	14,363	498	579	3.3	3.9
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,041	1,083	55	54	5.0	4.7
Construction and extraction occupations	8,597	8,506	340	400	3.8	4.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,958	4,774	103	125	2.0	2.5
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,832	19,879	1,080	1,219	5.2	5.8
Production occupations	8,269	8,127	360	382	4.2	4.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,563	11,751	720	837	5.9	6.7
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	June 2023	June 2024	June 2023	June 2024
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,351	7,233	3.8	4.3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,449	5,173	3.3	3.9
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	7	7	1.3	1.3
Construction	381	345	3.6	3.3
Manufacturing	396	469	2.6	3.1
Durable goods	238	278	2.4	2.8
Nondurable goods	158	191	2.9	3.6
Wholesale and retail trade	855	988	4.4	5.1
Transportation and utilities	263	378	3.1	4.5
Information	85	147	3.1	5.9
Financial activities	226	274	2.2	2.7
Professional and business services	628	738	3.3	3.7
Education and health services	733	823	2.8	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	735	743	5.1	5.2
Other services	140	263	2.1	3.9
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	85	77	5.1	4.3
Government workers	649	631	3.0	2.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	340	356	3.3	3.5
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024	June 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.1	1.4	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.5
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.8	3.7	4.3	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.0	4.0	4.5	3.8	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.3
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.6	4.6	5.1	4.4	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.9
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.2	7.1	7.7	6.9	7.3	7.3	7.4	7.4	7.4
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	June 2023	June 2024	June 2023	June 2024	June 2023	June 2024
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	98,891	99,431	40,905	40,974	57,986	58,457
Persons who currently want a job	5,846	5,655	2,682	2,850	3,164	2,805
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,479	1,548	759	941	721	607
Discouraged workers(2)	320	369	185	238	134	131
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,159	1,179	573	703	586	476
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,880	8,194	3,873	3,893	4,007	4,302
Percent of total employed	4.9	5.1	4.5	4.5	5.3	5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,670	4,714	2,488	2,438	2,182	2,276
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,747	1,999	637	675	1,111	1,324
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	389	367	217	195	172	172
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	994	1,064	509	565	485	499
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)	Change from: May2024 - June2024(p)
Total nonfarm	156,842	158,001	158,845	159,392	156,027	158,214	158,432	158,638	206
Total private	134,233	134,404	135,287	136,190	133,270	134,945	135,138	135,274	136
Goods-producing	21,860	21,656	21,834	22,085	21,597	21,798	21,810	21,829	19
Mining and logging	647	633	632	638	642	638	634	634	0
Logging	44.2	38.8	37.4	39.2	44.3	41.4	40.2	39.7	-0.5
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	603.0	594.1	594.5	599.0	597.8	596.4	593.7	594.0	0.3
Oil and gas extraction	117.0	117.7	118.9	121.9	116.9	119.0	120.1	121.4	1.3
Mining (except oil and gas)	190.5	188.7	190.9	192.4	187.1	189.8	189.9	189.8	-0.1
Coal mining	43.2	44.0	43.9	44.4	43.0	43.8	43.9	44.4	0.5
Metal ore mining	43.8	43.0	43.2	43.4	43.4	43.1	43.2	43.3	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	103.5	101.7	103.8	104.6	100.7	102.8	102.8	102.1	-0.7
Support activities for mining	295.5	287.7	284.7	284.7	293.8	287.6	283.7	282.8	-0.9
Construction	8,195	8,112	8,266	8,427	8,010	8,202	8,218	8,245	27
Construction of buildings	1,839.0	1,843.1	1,863.6	1,906.1	1,810.6	1,863.9	1,869.3	1,878.1	8.8
Residential building construction	943.8	935.4	947.8	964.8	929.7	946.2	948.7	951.8	3.1
Nonresidential building construction	895.2	907.7	915.8	941.3	880.9	917.7	920.6	926.3	5.7
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,158.7	1,129.7	1,172.6	1,199.0	1,111.5	1,142.5	1,144.9	1,151.2	6.3
Specialty trade contractors	5,197.0	5,138.7	5,229.7	5,322.1	5,088.1	5,196.0	5,203.8	5,215.4	11.6
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,428.5	2,381.0	2,421.0	2,462.6	2,373.5	2,406.4	2,405.8	2,408.2	2.4
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,768.5	2,757.7	2,808.7	2,859.5	2,714.6	2,789.6	2,798.0	2,807.2	9.2
Manufacturing	13,018	12,911	12,936	13,020	12,945	12,958	12,958	12,950	-8
Durable goods	8,151	8,123	8,128	8,175	8,104	8,143	8,138	8,128	-10
Wood product manufacturing	419.4	413.8	414.9	419.8	417.1	415.4	416.4	418.1	1.7
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	425.5	418.5	423.6	429.7	420.2	422.2	421.7	423.0	1.3
Primary metal manufacturing	376.2	372.9	372.2	375.1	375.7	373.7	372.7	373.1	0.4
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,461.3	1,464.6	1,464.8	1,465.4	1,453.9	1,466.4	1,462.7	1,456.2	-6.5
Machinery manufacturing	1,145.6	1,134.6	1,136.4	1,138.7	1,135.8	1,136.7	1,135.7	1,129.2	-6.5
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,118.2	1,096.6	1,096.5	1,106.6	1,110.6	1,100.7	1,101.1	1,100.3	-0.8
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	164.6	160.2	159.0	160.1	163.8	160.8	160.5	160.0	-0.5
Communications equipment manufacturing	87.6	84.6	85.1	85.7	86.5	84.9	85.7	85.0	-0.7
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	397.9	389.5	390.7	395.2	394.8	391.0	391.7	392.0	0.3
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	436.5	431.7	430.8	434.1	434.4	433.0	432.3	432.3	0.0
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	31.6	30.6	30.9	31.5	31.2	31.0	30.9	31.0	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	415.8	411.4	408.9	408.3	412.6	412.2	409.7	406.9	-2.8
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,797.9	1,842.6	1,843.2	1,861.0	1,793.0	1,845.8	1,851.8	1,856.5	4.7
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,043.5	1,069.7	1,070.3	1,080.8	1,044.1	1,069.5	1,074.8	1,080.7	5.9
Furniture and related product manufacturing	360.8	344.1	343.6	346.6	358.5	345.3	343.3	344.0	0.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing	630.0	624.0	623.4	624.1	626.5	624.6	622.6	620.4	-2.2
Nondurable goods	4,867	4,788	4,808	4,845	4,841	4,815	4,820	4,822	2
Food manufacturing	1,725.0	1,720.1	1,725.7	1,741.3	1,722.3	1,734.7	1,737.4	1,740.5	3.1
Textile mills	91.1	89.3	90.0	90.2	90.5	89.3	90.1	89.6	-0.5
Textile product mills	98.4	95.7	96.0	95.1	98.2	95.5	96.1	95.6	-0.5
Apparel manufacturing	91.0	83.7	84.4	85.0	90.2	83.8	84.0	83.8	-0.2
Paper manufacturing	356.8	347.9	344.2	348.9	356.2	348.7	346.1	348.4	2.3
Printing and related support activities	369.8	363.9	363.0	363.4	369.3	364.6	363.6	362.6	-1.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	111.7	109.0	110.9	112.1	108.9	109.6	109.5	109.6	0.1
Chemical manufacturing	907.5	897.3	900.8	905.6	902.6	899.1	901.1	901.7	0.6
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	743.4	725.5	727.8	728.7	740.1	726.7	726.9	724.4	-2.5
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	371.9	355.5	365.5	374.9	362.4	362.5	364.8	365.8	1.0
Private service-providing	112,373	112,748	113,453	114,105	111,673	113,147	113,328	113,445	117
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,802	28,740	28,885	29,018	28,860	29,003	29,025	29,039	14
Wholesale trade	6,135.1	6,147.4	6,164.8	6,213.0	6,103.8	6,165.4	6,166.9	6,181.1	14.2
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,398.8	3,418.5	3,430.9	3,460.6	3,385.8	3,429.5	3,434.9	3,447.2	12.3
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,226.3	2,215.9	2,222.0	2,237.6	2,208.7	2,221.0	2,217.7	2,219.2	1.5
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	510.0	513.0	511.9	514.8	509.3	514.9	514.3	514.7	0.4
Retail trade	15,590.4	15,531.9	15,609.5	15,686.2	15,593.8	15,676.2	15,683.3	15,674.8	-8.5
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,054.9	2,074.1	2,077.3	2,088.1	2,040.2	2,075.7	2,075.5	2,075.4	-0.1
Automobile dealers	1,277.2	1,298.7	1,301.3	1,308.0	1,272.9	1,299.7	1,302.0	1,305.1	3.1
Other motor vehicle dealers	188.2	170.9	174.5	177.0	179.0	170.8	169.3	168.1	-1.2
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	589.5	604.5	601.5	603.1	588.2	605.2	604.2	602.2	-2.0
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,454.2	1,399.8	1,441.0	1,433.1	1,400.1	1,377.7	1,386.0	1,383.6	-2.4
Food and beverage retailers	3,241.4	3,238.0	3,249.3	3,266.4	3,232.5	3,261.1	3,263.8	3,262.0	-1.8
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	838.4	811.0	801.7	798.3	847.9	818.7	813.5	807.9	-5.6
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	427.3	418.8	414.9	413.8	431.7	422.5	420.0	417.5	-2.5
Electronics and appliance retailers	411.1	392.2	386.8	384.5	416.2	396.2	393.6	390.4	-3.2
General merchandise retailers	3,186.9	3,226.8	3,224.9	3,249.8	3,246.8	3,279.9	3,276.9	3,282.1	5.2
Department stores	942.2	942.1	937.4	947.6	974.8	973.7	971.2	971.0	-0.2
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,244.7	2,284.7	2,287.5	2,302.2	2,272.0	2,306.2	2,305.7	2,311.0	5.3
Health and personal care retailers	1,090.9	1,088.4	1,087.4	1,088.2	1,100.6	1,097.3	1,098.4	1,099.5	1.1
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,068.8	1,072.3	1,079.8	1,092.8	1,059.8	1,079.8	1,080.6	1,081.1	0.5
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,124.1	1,103.5	1,110.2	1,126.9	1,137.9	1,142.5	1,145.8	1,144.0	-1.8
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,530.8	1,518.0	1,537.9	1,542.6	1,528.0	1,543.5	1,542.8	1,539.2	-3.6
Transportation and warehousing	6,498.8	6,474.4	6,523.0	6,526.6	6,586.9	6,574.2	6,586.4	6,593.7	7.3
Air transportation	555.0	571.9	574.0	581.2	549.6	573.7	575.6	577.8	2.2
Rail transportation	153.0	153.2	152.8	152.8	152.6	153.2	153.0	153.3	0.3
Water transportation	73.7	73.8	76.5	78.6	70.8	74.9	75.4	76.1	0.7
Truck transportation	1,590.2	1,538.2	1,546.4	1,559.4	1,578.7	1,554.8	1,548.7	1,548.6	-0.1
Transit and ground passenger transportation	417.5	450.0	455.0	432.1	429.2	437.1	440.3	442.9	2.6
Pipeline transportation	51.9	53.3	53.8	54.1	51.8	53.3	53.6	54.0	0.4
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	35.0	28.7	37.4	42.2	29.8	33.0	35.3	35.2	-0.1
Support activities for transportation	815.9	838.5	845.7	846.3	821.6	843.4	847.4	850.1	2.7
Couriers and messengers	1,027.4	1,010.5	1,024.4	1,030.7	1,090.4	1,079.5	1,083.3	1,084.2	0.9
Warehousing and storage	1,779.2	1,756.3	1,757.0	1,749.2	1,812.4	1,771.3	1,773.8	1,771.5	-2.3
Utilities	577.6	585.8	587.8	591.7	575.2	587.4	588.7	589.6	0.9
Information	3,063	2,996	3,002	3,033	3,043	3,016	3,021	3,027	6
Motion picture and sound recording industries	440.6	435.7	450.7	461.4	429.2	441.8	447.4	452.2	4.8
Publishing industries	955.2	923.2	921.8	935.9	950.1	932.4	933.1	933.3	0.2
Broadcasting and content providers	347.7	340.3	339.2	338.3	347.0	340.8	340.2	339.7	-0.5
Telecommunications	651.4	624.6	623.0	625.1	649.5	628.0	627.5	626.2	-1.3
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	491.2	495.5	493.2	494.9	490.3	496.9	496.7	497.7	1.0
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	177.2	176.2	174.1	177.3	176.5	176.5	176.3	177.4	1.1
Financial activities	9,246	9,174	9,202	9,277	9,201	9,223	9,235	9,244	9
Finance and insurance	6,755.7	6,707.9	6,711.6	6,755.2	6,740.1	6,732.4	6,738.0	6,745.8	7.8
Monetary authorities-central bank	22.8	22.5	22.5	22.9	22.7	22.7	22.7	22.8	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,646.6	2,584.1	2,583.3	2,590.6	2,638.3	2,589.6	2,588.4	2,584.5	-3.9
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,809.6	1,775.5	1,772.9	1,779.2	1,804.6	1,778.7	1,777.1	1,773.9	-3.2
Commercial banking	1,402.8	1,365.8	1,362.9	1,367.0	1,399.2	1,367.5	1,365.8	1,363.2	-2.6
Nondepository credit intermediation	541.3	524.1	525.3	526.0	538.9	525.9	525.5	524.4	-1.1
Activities related to credit intermediation	295.7	284.5	285.1	285.4	294.8	285.1	285.9	286.2	0.3
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,108.9	1,104.3	1,105.7	1,117.8	1,104.5	1,111.9	1,114.1	1,117.1	3.0
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,977.4	2,997.0	3,000.1	3,023.9	2,974.6	3,008.2	3,012.8	3,021.4	8.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,490.7	2,465.6	2,490.2	2,521.4	2,460.9	2,490.6	2,496.6	2,497.7	1.1
Real estate	1,863.6	1,862.4	1,877.1	1,892.5	1,851.6	1,874.6	1,882.3	1,882.8	0.5
Rental and leasing services	604.0	579.9	589.7	605.3	586.5	592.6	590.9	591.7	0.8
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	23.1	23.3	23.4	23.6	22.8	23.4	23.4	23.2	-0.2
Professional and business services	22,962	22,903	22,996	23,028	22,883	22,936	22,967	22,950	-17
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,835.6	11,007.5	10,975.3	11,048.9	10,831.7	10,990.0	11,026.7	11,050.9	24.2
Legal services	1,197.4	1,178.8	1,181.9	1,201.6	1,182.9	1,188.2	1,189.2	1,190.6	1.4
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,119.1	1,236.4	1,153.6	1,147.9	1,153.4	1,167.0	1,176.3	1,180.9	4.6
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,688.5	1,673.0	1,698.4	1,727.8	1,667.0	1,690.9	1,702.4	1,707.3	4.9
Specialized design services	154.4	153.0	150.6	150.8	153.3	153.3	151.2	150.8	-0.4
Computer systems design and related services	2,492.4	2,539.6	2,539.4	2,542.5	2,499.5	2,540.4	2,543.0	2,550.4	7.4
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,867.0	1,882.2	1,893.3	1,899.7	1,869.9	1,892.9	1,900.6	1,902.7	2.1
Scientific research and development services	942.9	951.3	954.9	968.5	933.0	957.5	958.5	960.1	1.6
Advertising, public relations, and related services	508.4	523.0	523.5	526.6	507.1	523.8	523.6	524.3	0.7
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	865.5	870.2	879.7	883.5	865.7	875.9	881.9	883.8	1.9
Management of companies and enterprises	2,572.4	2,544.7	2,546.3	2,571.1	2,560.2	2,555.0	2,555.7	2,557.6	1.9
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,553.6	9,350.6	9,473.9	9,407.8	9,491.2	9,390.5	9,384.5	9,341.5	-43.0
Administrative and support services	9,048.9	8,836.3	8,954.8	8,882.3	8,990.8	8,872.9	8,864.0	8,820.1	-43.9
Office administrative services	620.1	630.0	629.5	632.6	617.5	632.2	632.8	633.6	0.8
Facilities support services	169.1	179.9	180.2	181.6	170.3	179.5	180.9	181.8	0.9
Employment services(1)	3,605.8	3,480.1	3,515.2	3,390.5	3,663.6	3,510.0	3,489.8	3,444.2	-45.6
Temporary help services	2,834.3	2,708.3	2,734.6	2,610.8	2,890.1	2,731.3	2,715.4	2,666.5	-48.9
Business support services	740.0	703.3	697.7	696.7	748.2	708.3	708.1	705.3	-2.8
Travel arrangement and reservation services	192.3	193.0	195.4	193.9	189.1	193.7	193.7	192.0	-1.7
Investigation and security services	1,008.7	1,012.3	1,019.6	1,019.1	1,010.7	1,013.7	1,019.2	1,020.1	0.9
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,373.6	2,291.2	2,368.2	2,421.6	2,254.1	2,289.3	2,295.8	2,301.8	6.0
Other support services	339.3	346.5	349.0	346.3	337.3	346.2	343.6	341.3	-2.3
Waste management and remediation services	504.7	514.3	519.1	525.5	500.4	517.6	520.5	521.4	0.9
Private education and health services	25,079	26,295	26,253	26,130	25,277	26,185	26,266	26,348	82
Private educational services	3,627.0	4,015.7	3,878.2	3,652.3	3,823.3	3,857.0	3,855.0	3,854.3	-0.7
Health care and social assistance	21,452.3	22,279.1	22,374.8	22,477.6	21,453.3	22,328.4	22,411.3	22,493.7	82.4
Health care(3)	16,889.9	17,503.1	17,561.8	17,641.2	16,899.6	17,548.8	17,608.4	17,657.0	48.6
Ambulatory health care services	8,421.6	8,731.4	8,776.7	8,797.8	8,435.0	8,749.3	8,787.4	8,809.4	22.0
Offices of physicians	2,902.8	3,004.9	3,015.6	3,028.1	2,910.3	3,013.7	3,024.4	3,036.2	11.8
Offices of dentists	1,029.8	1,027.4	1,035.7	1,043.0	1,026.9	1,032.1	1,036.4	1,040.8	4.4
Offices of other health practitioners	1,150.3	1,199.1	1,206.7	1,210.2	1,152.1	1,202.4	1,208.2	1,214.3	6.1
Outpatient care centers	1,051.9	1,081.6	1,080.7	1,086.1	1,056.1	1,083.6	1,085.3	1,089.6	4.3
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	320.7	324.5	322.0	319.9	320.6	322.8	322.2	321.0	-1.2
Home health care services	1,621.6	1,737.2	1,761.4	1,755.7	1,622.5	1,737.6	1,755.0	1,751.5	-3.5
Other ambulatory health care services	344.5	356.7	354.6	354.8	346.4	357.1	355.9	356.0	0.1
Hospitals	5,319.0	5,516.2	5,517.8	5,557.0	5,323.9	5,532.3	5,544.6	5,566.3	21.7
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,149.3	3,255.5	3,267.3	3,286.4	3,140.7	3,267.2	3,276.4	3,281.3	4.9
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,417.3	1,458.8	1,458.8	1,471.6	1,412.6	1,466.9	1,467.4	1,470.7	3.3
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	636.1	663.4	667.8	671.4	635.4	665.6	668.4	669.4	1.0
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	938.2	971.7	979.0	978.0	935.7	971.8	978.0	976.0	-2.0
Other residential care facilities	157.7	161.6	161.7	165.4	157.0	162.8	162.7	165.2	2.5
Social assistance	4,562.4	4,776.0	4,813.0	4,836.4	4,553.7	4,779.6	4,802.9	4,836.7	33.8
Individual and family services	3,029.9	3,194.5	3,213.6	3,244.3	3,025.2	3,197.2	3,215.0	3,241.4	26.4
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	220.7	227.9	229.2	232.2	220.6	228.1	229.5	231.5	2.0
Vocational rehabilitation services	284.0	287.7	289.9	292.3	280.6	288.5	289.1	289.7	0.6
Child care services	1,027.8	1,065.9	1,080.3	1,067.6	1,027.4	1,065.8	1,069.3	1,074.1	4.8
Leisure and hospitality	17,320	16,753	17,187	17,623	16,588	16,884	16,906	16,913	7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,825.1	2,584.1	2,724.9	2,938.3	2,529.6	2,643.9	2,656.2	2,664.7	8.5
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	615.0	639.5	655.4	660.8	582.6	621.2	623.4	626.3	2.9
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	184.8	174.7	181.4	190.7	172.2	178.4	178.5	179.0	0.5
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	2,025.3	1,769.9	1,888.1	2,086.8	1,774.8	1,844.3	1,854.3	1,859.4	5.1
Accommodation and food services	14,494.6	14,168.6	14,461.9	14,684.8	14,058.7	14,239.8	14,250.2	14,247.8	-2.4
Accommodation	2,009.7	1,876.6	1,938.3	2,045.8	1,886.9	1,921.3	1,920.5	1,921.2	0.7
Food services and drinking places	12,484.9	12,292.0	12,523.6	12,639.0	12,171.8	12,318.5	12,329.7	12,326.6	-3.1
Other services	5,901	5,887	5,928	5,996	5,821	5,900	5,908	5,924	16
Repair and maintenance	1,465.5	1,481.2	1,487.7	1,492.0	1,451.2	1,481.2	1,481.9	1,482.6	0.7
Personal and laundry services	1,553.5	1,549.9	1,565.5	1,568.0	1,532.4	1,549.5	1,551.4	1,553.1	1.7
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,882.3	2,856.2	2,874.8	2,936.0	2,837.4	2,869.6	2,875.0	2,888.7	13.7
Government	22,609	23,597	23,558	23,202	22,757	23,269	23,294	23,364	70
Federal	2,924	2,986	2,993	2,998	2,920	2,993	2,996	3,001	5
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,321.4	2,375.1	2,386.5	2,393.6	2,313.4	2,387.1	2,389.3	2,393.4	4.1
U.S. Postal Service	602.7	610.8	606.4	603.9	606.9	606.3	607.0	607.4	0.4
State government	5,052	5,604	5,444	5,208	5,301	5,448	5,439	5,465	26
State government education	2,314.5	2,820.5	2,646.3	2,381.3	2,578.8	2,658.5	2,642.0	2,654.6	12.6
State government, excluding education	2,737.6	2,783.6	2,798.1	2,826.7	2,721.8	2,789.4	2,797.0	2,810.0	13.0
Local government	14,633	15,007	15,121	14,996	14,536	14,828	14,859	14,898	39
Local government education	7,870.5	8,338.4	8,352.6	8,020.1	7,955.5	8,074.9	8,080.9	8,085.5	4.6
Local government, excluding education	6,762.2	6,668.1	6,768.8	6,975.7	6,580.4	6,753.5	6,778.1	6,812.2	34.1
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.3	34.3	34.3
Goods-producing	39.9	39.7	39.9	40.0
Mining and logging	45.7	44.5	44.6	44.8
Construction	39.0	38.7	39.0	39.3
Manufacturing	40.1	40.1	40.2	40.2
Durable goods	40.7	40.6	40.6	40.6
Nondurable goods	39.2	39.3	39.5	39.5
Private service-providing	33.3	33.2	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	33.7	33.7	33.7
Wholesale trade	38.8	39.1	39.2	39.0
Retail trade	29.9	29.5	29.5	29.5
Transportation and warehousing	38.1	37.9	37.8	37.9
Utilities	42.4	42.2	42.3	41.9
Information	36.5	36.3	36.4	36.6
Financial activities	37.4	37.5	37.6	37.6
Professional and business services	36.5	36.5	36.4	36.4
Private education and health services	33.3	33.2	33.2	33.1
Leisure and hospitality	25.4	25.4	25.4	25.4
Other services	32.3	32.3	32.3	32.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.0
Durable goods	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
Nondurable goods	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)
Total private	$33.70	$34.75	$34.90	$35.00	$1,159.28	$1,191.93	$1,197.07	$1,200.50
Goods-producing	34.05	35.45	35.57	35.73	1,358.60	1,407.37	1,419.24	1,429.20
Mining and logging	38.05	39.74	39.73	39.85	1,738.89	1,768.43	1,771.96	1,785.28
Construction	36.38	37.98	38.04	38.15	1,418.82	1,469.83	1,483.56	1,499.30
Manufacturing	32.43	33.66	33.82	34.00	1,300.44	1,349.77	1,359.56	1,366.80
Durable goods	33.96	35.54	35.73	35.99	1,382.17	1,442.92	1,450.64	1,461.19
Nondurable goods	29.78	30.39	30.51	30.57	1,167.38	1,194.33	1,205.15	1,207.52
Private service-providing	33.62	34.59	34.74	34.84	1,119.55	1,148.39	1,153.37	1,156.69
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29.08	29.84	29.95	29.97	985.81	1,005.61	1,009.32	1,009.99
Wholesale trade	36.86	37.56	37.66	37.67	1,430.17	1,468.60	1,476.27	1,469.13
Retail trade	23.89	24.30	24.43	24.46	714.31	716.85	720.69	721.57
Transportation and warehousing	29.34	30.54	30.60	30.69	1,117.85	1,157.47	1,156.68	1,163.15
Utilities	49.91	50.95	51.02	50.83	2,116.18	2,150.09	2,158.15	2,129.78
Information	48.23	49.17	49.27	49.34	1,760.40	1,784.87	1,793.43	1,805.84
Financial activities	43.26	45.24	45.46	45.48	1,617.92	1,696.50	1,709.30	1,710.05
Professional and business services	40.48	41.81	42.00	42.23	1,477.52	1,526.07	1,528.80	1,537.17
Private education and health services	33.13	33.92	34.07	34.16	1,103.23	1,126.14	1,131.12	1,130.70
Leisure and hospitality	21.25	21.92	22.00	22.06	539.75	556.77	558.80	560.32
Other services	30.34	31.19	31.40	31.44	979.98	1,007.44	1,014.22	1,015.51
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)	Percent change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)	Percent change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)
Total private	115.1	116.2	116.4	116.5	0.1	185.4	193.0	194.2	194.9	0.4
Goods-producing	98.2	98.6	99.1	99.5	0.4	151.1	158.0	159.4	160.6	0.8
Mining and logging	92.2	89.2	88.9	89.3	0.4	140.8	142.3	141.7	142.8	0.8
Construction	107.7	109.4	110.5	111.7	1.1	170.2	180.6	182.6	185.2	1.4
Manufacturing	93.4	93.5	93.7	93.7	0.0	140.8	146.3	147.4	148.1	0.5
Durable goods	92.9	93.1	93.0	92.9	-0.1	140.1	146.9	147.6	148.5	0.6
Nondurable goods	94.7	94.5	95.0	95.1	0.1	143.1	145.6	147.1	147.5	0.3
Private service-providing	119.7	120.9	121.1	121.3	0.2	195.6	203.3	204.5	205.3	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.9	106.8	106.9	106.9	0.0	167.6	171.8	172.6	172.8	0.1
Wholesale trade	104.5	106.3	106.6	106.3	-0.3	161.1	167.1	168.0	167.6	-0.2
Retail trade	94.9	94.1	94.2	94.1	-0.1	149.9	151.2	152.1	152.2	0.1
Transportation and warehousing	144.2	143.2	143.1	143.6	0.3	215.2	222.4	222.7	224.2	0.7
Utilities	105.5	107.2	107.7	106.9	-0.7	174.0	180.5	181.6	179.5	-1.2
Information	101.5	100.0	100.4	101.2	0.8	174.2	175.1	176.2	177.8	0.9
Financial activities	112.7	113.3	113.7	113.9	0.2	190.2	199.9	201.7	202.0	0.1
Professional and business services	130.7	131.0	130.8	130.7	-0.1	214.3	221.8	222.5	223.6	0.5
Private education and health services	137.4	142.0	142.4	142.4	0.0	219.1	231.6	233.4	234.0	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	120.2	122.4	122.5	122.6	0.1	206.1	216.4	217.5	218.2	0.3
Other services	108.4	109.9	110.0	110.3	0.3	180.3	187.8	189.4	190.1	0.4
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)
Total nonfarm	77,724	78,860	78,938	79,043	49.8	49.8	49.8	49.8
Total private	64,444	65,278	65,340	65,420	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,984	5,011	5,014	5,022	23.1	23.0	23.0	23.0
Mining and logging	83	87	87	87	12.9	13.6	13.7	13.7
Construction	1,135	1,168	1,172	1,180	14.2	14.2	14.3	14.3
Manufacturing	3,766	3,756	3,755	3,755	29.1	29.0	29.0	29.0
Durable goods	2,022	2,018	2,015	2,013	25.0	24.8	24.8	24.8
Nondurable goods	1,744	1,738	1,740	1,742	36.0	36.1	36.1	36.1
Private service-providing	59,460	60,267	60,326	60,398	53.2	53.3	53.2	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,327	11,292	11,287	11,297	39.2	38.9	38.9	38.9
Wholesale trade	1,874.1	1,870.3	1,869.9	1,871.9	30.7	30.3	30.3	30.3
Retail trade	7,529.2	7,528.4	7,522.3	7,526.3	48.3	48.0	48.0	48.0
Transportation and warehousing	1,772.8	1,739.3	1,740.5	1,744.0	26.9	26.5	26.4	26.4
Utilities	150.4	154.1	154.0	155.0	26.1	26.2	26.2	26.3
Information	1,231	1,210	1,203	1,206	40.5	40.1	39.8	39.8
Financial activities	5,112	5,130	5,137	5,140	55.6	55.6	55.6	55.6
Professional and business services	10,526	10,542	10,556	10,525	46.0	46.0	46.0	45.9
Private education and health services	19,449	20,114	20,174	20,265	76.9	76.8	76.8	76.9
Leisure and hospitality	8,708	8,829	8,812	8,801	52.5	52.3	52.1	52.0
Other services	3,107	3,150	3,157	3,164	53.4	53.4	53.4	53.4
Government	13,280	13,582	13,598	13,623	58.4	58.4	58.4	58.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)
Total private	108,406	109,854	110,001	110,127
Goods-producing	15,468	15,520	15,535	15,562
Mining and logging	490	498	491	491
Construction	5,883	5,995	6,010	6,023
Manufacturing	9,095	9,027	9,034	9,048
Durable goods	5,606	5,551	5,548	5,549
Nondurable goods	3,489	3,476	3,486	3,499
Private service-providing	92,938	94,334	94,466	94,565
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,295	24,483	24,497	24,525
Wholesale trade	4,825.5	4,859.1	4,856.9	4,877.1
Retail trade	13,279.8	13,409.3	13,414.8	13,422.5
Transportation and warehousing	5,733.3	5,746.9	5,756.4	5,755.8
Utilities	456.8	468.0	469.3	469.4
Information	2,430	2,411	2,417	2,423
Financial activities	6,912	6,959	6,965	6,969
Professional and business services	18,107	18,094	18,117	18,080
Private education and health services	22,002	22,840	22,914	22,990
Leisure and hospitality	14,456	14,748	14,747	14,757
Other services	4,736	4,799	4,809	4,821
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.8	33.7	33.8	33.7
Goods-producing	40.6	40.3	40.7	40.8
Mining and logging	47.7	47.1	47.3	47.2
Construction	39.6	39.3	39.8	40.0
Manufacturing	40.8	40.6	40.9	41.0
Durable goods	41.2	40.9	41.1	41.2
Nondurable goods	40.1	40.3	40.7	40.6
Private service-providing	32.7	32.6	32.6	32.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	33.8	33.9	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.8	39.0	39.1	39.0
Retail trade	30.4	30.1	30.2	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	37.6	37.4	37.5	37.3
Utilities	42.3	42.3	42.6	42.5
Information	35.9	35.8	36.0	35.7
Financial activities	37.1	37.0	37.0	36.9
Professional and business services	36.3	36.3	36.3	36.4
Private education and health services	32.5	32.3	32.3	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	24.2	24.1	24.2	24.1
Other services	31.3	31.3	31.3	31.2
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6
Durable goods	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.6
Nondurable goods	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.7
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)
Total private	$28.90	$29.83	$29.95	$30.05	$976.82	$1,005.27	$1,012.31	$1,012.69
Goods-producing	29.53	30.83	30.93	31.08	1,198.92	1,242.45	1,258.85	1,268.06
Mining and logging	34.52	36.29	36.31	36.38	1,646.60	1,709.26	1,717.46	1,717.14
Construction	34.09	35.41	35.47	35.64	1,349.96	1,391.61	1,411.71	1,425.60
Manufacturing	26.36	27.55	27.65	27.79	1,075.49	1,118.53	1,130.89	1,139.39
Durable goods	27.50	28.99	29.11	29.27	1,133.00	1,185.69	1,196.42	1,205.92
Nondurable goods	24.47	25.20	25.30	25.40	981.25	1,015.56	1,029.71	1,031.24
Private service-providing	28.77	29.63	29.75	29.83	940.78	965.94	969.85	972.46
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25.22	25.90	25.96	26.03	857.48	875.42	880.04	882.42
Wholesale trade	30.41	31.21	31.23	31.26	1,179.91	1,217.19	1,221.09	1,219.14
Retail trade	20.49	20.82	20.91	20.98	622.90	626.68	631.48	635.69
Transportation and warehousing	27.89	28.99	29.01	29.19	1,048.66	1,084.23	1,087.88	1,088.79
Utilities	44.17	45.27	45.25	45.23	1,868.39	1,914.92	1,927.65	1,922.28
Information	39.65	40.62	40.77	41.07	1,423.44	1,454.20	1,467.72	1,466.20
Financial activities	33.72	35.49	35.70	35.85	1,251.01	1,313.13	1,320.90	1,322.87
Professional and business services	34.15	35.16	35.33	35.42	1,239.65	1,276.31	1,282.48	1,289.29
Private education and health services	30.27	31.02	31.18	31.25	983.78	1,001.95	1,007.11	1,006.25
Leisure and hospitality	18.76	19.38	19.46	19.51	453.99	467.06	470.93	470.19
Other services	26.11	26.97	27.03	27.10	817.24	844.16	846.04	845.52
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)	Percent change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)	June 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	June 2024(p)	Percent change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)
Total private	122.1	123.4	123.9	123.7	-0.2	235.8	246.0	248.0	248.4	0.2
Goods-producing	96.0	95.6	96.6	97.0	0.4	173.5	180.4	183.0	184.6	0.9
Mining and logging	124.2	124.6	123.4	123.2	-0.2	249.4	263.1	260.6	260.6	0.0
Construction	116.6	118.0	119.8	120.6	0.7	214.7	225.6	229.4	232.1	1.2
Manufacturing	85.2	84.1	84.8	85.2	0.5	146.8	151.6	153.4	154.8	0.9
Durable goods	86.8	85.3	85.7	85.9	0.2	149.0	154.4	155.7	156.9	0.8
Nondurable goods	82.4	82.5	83.6	83.7	0.1	142.5	147.0	149.4	150.2	0.5
Private service-providing	129.5	131.0	131.2	131.3	0.1	255.5	266.3	267.7	268.7	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115.6	115.8	116.2	116.4	0.2	208.4	214.4	215.7	216.5	0.4
Wholesale trade	111.1	112.5	112.7	112.9	0.2	199.4	207.2	207.7	208.3	0.3
Retail trade	102.4	102.3	102.7	103.1	0.4	179.8	182.7	184.2	185.5	0.7
Transportation and warehousing	163.1	162.7	163.4	162.5	-0.6	289.6	300.2	301.7	301.9	0.1
Utilities	98.8	101.2	102.2	102.0	-0.2	182.2	191.3	193.1	192.6	-0.3
Information	99.6	98.5	99.3	98.7	-0.6	195.5	198.1	200.5	200.7	0.1
Financial activities	120.7	121.2	121.3	121.0	-0.2	250.4	264.6	266.4	266.9	0.2
Professional and business services	146.7	146.6	146.8	146.9	0.1	298.0	306.6	308.5	309.5	0.3
Private education and health services	152.5	157.3	157.8	157.8	0.0	304.6	322.0	324.8	325.6	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	128.1	130.2	130.7	130.3	-0.3	273.0	286.5	288.9	288.6	-0.1
Other services	104.0	105.3	105.6	105.5	-0.1	197.8	207.0	207.9	208.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.