Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-25-1202
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, August 1, 2025

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JULY 2025


Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in July (+73,000) and has shown little change 
since April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported today. The unemployment rate, 
at 4.2 percent, also changed little in July. Employment continued to trend up in health care 
and in social assistance. Federal government continued to lose jobs.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information 
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical 
Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.2 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.2 million, 
changed little in July. The unemployment rate has remained in a narrow range of 4.0 percent to 
4.2 percent since May 2024. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.0 percent), adult women 
(3.7 percent), teenagers (15.2 percent), Whites (3.7 percent), Blacks (7.2 percent), Asians 
(3.9 percent), and Hispanics (5.0 percent) showed little change in July. (See tables A-1, A-2, 
and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of new entrants increased by 275,000 in July to 985,000. New 
entrants are unemployed people who are looking for their first job. (See table A-11.)

In July, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) increased by 
179,000 to 1.8 million. The long-term unemployed accounted for 24.9 percent of all unemployed
people. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.2 percent, changed little in July but has declined 
by 0.5 percentage point over the year. The employment-population ratio, at 59.6 percent, also 
changed little over the month but was down by 0.4 percentage point over the year. (See table 
A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.7 million, changed little in 
July. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time 
because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job changed little in July at 
6.2 million but was up by 568,000 over the year. These individuals were not counted as unemployed
because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were 
unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached 
to the labor force changed little at 1.7 million in July. These individuals wanted and were 
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers decreased by 
212,000 in July to 425,000, largely offsetting an increase in the prior month. Discouraged 
workers are a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for
them. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in July (+73,000) and has shown little change
since April. Over the month, employment continued to trend up in health care and in social 
assistance. Federal government continued to lose jobs. (See table B-1.)

In July, health care added 55,000 jobs, above the average monthly gain of 42,000 over the prior
12 months. Over the month, job gains occurred in ambulatory health care services (+34,000) and 
hospitals (+16,000).

Social assistance employment continued to trend up in July (+18,000), reflecting continued job
growth in individual and family services (+21,000). 

Federal government employment continued to decline in July (-12,000) and is down by 84,000 
since reaching a peak in January. (Employees on paid leave or receiving ongoing severance pay
are counted as employed in the establishment survey.)

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; retail 
trade; transportation and warehousing; information; financial activities; professional and 
business services; leisure and hospitality; and other services.

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 cents, or 
0.3 percent, to $36.44 in July. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have 
increased by 3.9 percent. In July, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees rose by 8 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $31.34. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 34.3
hours in July. In manufacturing, the average workweek held at 40.1 hours, and overtime edged 
down to 2.8 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours in July. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

Revisions for May and June were larger than normal. The change in total nonfarm payroll employment
for May was revised down by 125,000, from +144,000 to +19,000, and the change for June was revised 
down by 133,000, from +147,000 to +14,000. With these revisions, employment in May and June 
combined is 258,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional 
reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and 
from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for August is scheduled to be released on Friday, September 5, 2025, 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 ___________________________________________________________________________________________
|											    |
|             2025 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data		    |
|                           to be released on September 9, 2025				    |
|											    |
| Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts	    |
| of employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month	    |
| of March. These counts are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records	    |
| that nearly all employers are required to file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on September 9,	    |
| 2025, BLS will release the preliminary estimate of the upcoming annual benchmark revision |
| to the establishment survey data. This is the same day that the first-quarter 2025 data   |
| from QCEW will be issued.			                                            |
|											    |
| The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2026	    |
| Employment Situation news release in February 2026.					    |
|___________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025	Change from: June 2025- July 2025
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	268,644	273,385	273,585	273,785	200
Civilian labor force	168,315	170,510	170,380	170,342	-38
Participation rate	62.7	62.4	62.3	62.2	-0.1
Employed	161,219	163,273	163,366	163,106	-260
Employment-population ratio	60.0	59.7	59.7	59.6	-0.1
Unemployed	7,097	7,237	7,015	7,236	221
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	0.1
Not in labor force	100,329	102,875	103,204	103,443	239
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0	0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.7	0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.6	13.4	14.4	15.2	0.8
White	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.7	0.1
Black or African American	6.3	6.0	6.8	7.2	0.4
Asian	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.9	0.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.3	5.1	4.8	5.0	0.2
Total, 25 years and over	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.4	0.1
Less than a high school diploma	6.7	5.5	5.8	5.5	-0.3
High school graduates, no college	4.6	4.5	4.0	4.4	0.4
Some college or associate degree	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.7	0.2
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,545	3,457	3,293	3,405	112
Job leavers	855	704	825	784	-41
Reentrants	2,161	2,288	2,145	2,180	35
New entrants	648	725	710	985	275
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,348	2,451	2,241	2,299	58
5 to 14 weeks	2,162	2,208	2,131	2,034	-97
15 to 26 weeks	1,078	1,039	1,063	1,167	104
27 weeks and over	1,543	1,457	1,647	1,826	179
Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,564	4,624	4,465	4,684	219
Slack work or business conditions	3,001	3,007	3,109	3,035	-74
Could only find part-time work	1,195	1,385	1,161	1,264	103
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,048	22,588	22,556	22,770	214
People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,571	1,556	1,790	1,689	-101
Discouraged workers	408	381	637	425	-212
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	88	19	14	73
Total private	40	69	3	83
Goods-producing	12	-13	-13	-13
Mining and logging	0	-4	-1	-4
Construction	11	2	3	2
Manufacturing	1	-11	-15	-11
Durable goods(1)	0	-8	-13	0
Motor vehicles and parts	6.2	2.9	-2.9	-2.4
Nondurable goods	1	-3	-2	-11
Private service-providing	28	82	16	96
Wholesale trade	7.8	1.6	-8.1	-7.8
Retail trade	-14.6	-14.8	-14.3	15.7
Transportation and warehousing	0.1	-0.5	0.6	3.6
Utilities	-0.3	2.6	0.3	-0.1
Information	-17	2	0	-2
Financial activities	-3	7	-2	15
Professional and business services(1)	-16	-23	-11	-14
Temporary help services	-25.4	-15.2	-3.0	-4.4
Private education and health services(1)	61	70	52	79
Health care and social assistance	61.5	72.0	59.0	73.3
Leisure and hospitality	9	27	4	5
Other services	1	10	-5	2
Government	48	-50	11	-10
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	123	99	64	35
Total private	89	105	68	52
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.5	81.5	81.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.2	34.3	34.2	34.3
Average hourly earnings	$35.07	$36.23	$36.32	$36.44
Average weekly earnings	$1,199.39	$1,242.69	$1,242.14	$1,249.89
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.6	117.0	116.7	117.1
Over-the-month percent change	-0.3	0.1	-0.3	0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	193.8	202.7	202.6	204.0
Over-the-month percent change	-0.1	0.5	0.0	0.7
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	46.8	49.2	47.2	51.2
Manufacturing (72 industries)	41.7	39.6	48.6	43.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 136,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
   employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment
   estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period.
   Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in
   the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid,
   please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 631,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-86,000 to +186,000 (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025	July 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	268,644	273,585	273,785	268,644	273,023	273,197	273,385	273,585	273,785
Civilian labor force	169,723	171,343	171,646	168,315	170,591	171,135	170,510	170,380	170,342
Participation rate	63.2	62.6	62.7	62.7	62.5	62.6	62.4	62.3	62.2
Employed	162,038	163,883	163,799	161,219	163,508	163,969	163,273	163,366	163,106
Employment-population ratio	60.3	59.9	59.8	60.0	59.9	60.0	59.7	59.7	59.6
Unemployed	7,685	7,460	7,847	7,097	7,083	7,166	7,237	7,015	7,236
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.4	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2
Not in labor force	98,921	102,242	102,140	100,329	102,431	102,062	102,875	103,204	103,443
People who currently want a job	5,950	6,455	6,533	5,607	5,915	5,672	5,991	6,030	6,175
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,975	133,449	133,546	130,975	133,175	133,260	133,351	133,449	133,546
Civilian labor force	90,256	91,247	91,334	89,194	90,244	90,693	90,392	90,461	90,319
Participation rate	68.9	68.4	68.4	68.1	67.8	68.1	67.8	67.8	67.6
Employed	86,368	87,272	87,317	85,347	86,443	86,733	86,486	86,575	86,347
Employment-population ratio	65.9	65.4	65.4	65.2	64.9	65.1	64.9	64.9	64.7
Unemployed	3,889	3,975	4,017	3,846	3,800	3,960	3,906	3,886	3,973
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4
Not in labor force	40,719	42,202	42,212	41,781	42,932	42,567	42,959	42,988	43,227
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,021	124,361	124,462	122,021	124,082	124,166	124,261	124,361	124,462
Civilian labor force	86,388	87,428	87,478	85,991	86,887	87,309	87,087	87,250	87,111
Participation rate	70.8	70.3	70.3	70.5	70.0	70.3	70.1	70.2	70.0
Employed	83,026	84,147	84,106	82,573	83,563	83,858	83,704	83,872	83,660
Employment-population ratio	68.0	67.7	67.6	67.7	67.3	67.5	67.4	67.4	67.2
Unemployed	3,362	3,281	3,372	3,418	3,324	3,451	3,383	3,378	3,450
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.8	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0
Not in labor force	35,633	36,933	36,984	36,031	37,195	36,857	37,174	37,111	37,351
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	137,669	140,136	140,239	137,669	139,848	139,937	140,033	140,136	140,239
Civilian labor force	79,467	80,095	80,311	79,122	80,348	80,442	80,118	79,920	80,023
Participation rate	57.7	57.2	57.3	57.5	57.5	57.5	57.2	57.0	57.1
Employed	75,670	76,611	76,482	75,871	77,065	77,236	76,787	76,791	76,760
Employment-population ratio	55.0	54.7	54.5	55.1	55.1	55.2	54.8	54.8	54.7
Unemployed	3,797	3,484	3,830	3,250	3,283	3,206	3,331	3,129	3,263
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.4	4.8	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.1
Not in labor force	58,203	60,041	59,928	58,547	59,500	59,495	59,915	60,216	60,216
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	129,021	131,374	131,481	129,021	131,080	131,167	131,268	131,374	131,481
Civilian labor force	75,657	76,552	76,672	75,954	76,997	77,241	76,968	76,865	76,991
Participation rate	58.6	58.3	58.3	58.9	58.7	58.9	58.6	58.5	58.6
Employed	72,348	73,630	73,404	73,076	74,159	74,379	73,979	74,134	74,155
Employment-population ratio	56.1	56.0	55.8	56.6	56.6	56.7	56.4	56.4	56.4
Unemployed	3,309	2,923	3,268	2,878	2,838	2,862	2,989	2,732	2,836
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.8	4.3	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.7
Not in labor force	53,364	54,822	54,809	53,067	54,082	53,926	54,300	54,509	54,490
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,602	17,850	17,843	17,602	17,862	17,863	17,856	17,850	17,843
Civilian labor force	7,678	7,363	7,496	6,371	6,707	6,585	6,456	6,265	6,241
Participation rate	43.6	41.2	42.0	36.2	37.6	36.9	36.2	35.1	35.0
Employed	6,664	6,107	6,288	5,570	5,786	5,732	5,590	5,361	5,291
Employment-population ratio	37.9	34.2	35.2	31.6	32.4	32.1	31.3	30.0	29.7
Unemployed	1,014	1,256	1,207	801	921	853	866	905	950
Unemployment rate	13.2	17.1	16.1	12.6	13.7	13.0	13.4	14.4	15.2
Not in labor force	9,924	10,487	10,347	11,232	11,154	11,279	11,400	11,584	11,602
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025	July 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	205,114	207,472	207,569	205,114	207,221	207,291	207,377	207,472	207,569
Civilian labor force	128,804	129,114	129,515	127,863	128,769	129,149	128,538	128,514	128,628
Participation rate	62.8	62.2	62.4	62.3	62.1	62.3	62.0	61.9	62.0
Employed	123,595	124,209	124,367	123,012	123,993	124,198	123,605	123,899	123,864
Employment-population ratio	60.3	59.9	59.9	60.0	59.8	59.9	59.6	59.7	59.7
Unemployed	5,209	4,905	5,149	4,852	4,776	4,952	4,934	4,615	4,764
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.7
Not in labor force	76,311	78,358	78,054	77,251	78,452	78,142	78,839	78,958	78,941
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,534	66,789	66,982	66,311	66,454	66,754	66,593	66,664	66,741
Participation rate	70.3	69.7	69.9	70.1	69.5	69.8	69.6	69.6	69.6
Employed	64,312	64,617	64,734	64,003	64,217	64,276	64,200	64,415	64,414
Employment-population ratio	68.0	67.5	67.6	67.6	67.1	67.2	67.1	67.3	67.2
Unemployed	2,222	2,172	2,249	2,309	2,237	2,478	2,392	2,250	2,327
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,257	56,671	56,728	56,525	57,193	57,326	56,923	57,000	57,008
Participation rate	57.5	57.3	57.3	57.8	57.9	58.0	57.6	57.6	57.6
Employed	54,005	54,779	54,671	54,585	55,307	55,440	55,047	55,244	55,259
Employment-population ratio	55.2	55.4	55.2	55.8	56.0	56.1	55.7	55.9	55.8
Unemployed	2,252	1,892	2,057	1,940	1,887	1,887	1,876	1,756	1,749
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	6,013	5,654	5,805	5,027	5,122	5,069	5,023	4,850	4,879
Participation rate	47.3	44.2	45.4	39.5	40.0	39.5	39.2	37.9	38.2
Employed	5,279	4,814	4,962	4,424	4,470	4,482	4,358	4,241	4,191
Employment-population ratio	41.5	37.6	38.8	34.8	34.9	35.0	34.0	33.1	32.8
Unemployed	734	841	843	603	653	587	665	609	688
Unemployment rate	12.2	14.9	14.5	12.0	12.7	11.6	13.2	12.6	14.1
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	35,017	35,784	35,818	35,017	35,687	35,719	35,751	35,784	35,818
Civilian labor force	22,346	22,317	22,314	22,109	22,196	22,185	22,174	22,161	22,071
Participation rate	63.8	62.4	62.3	63.1	62.2	62.1	62.0	61.9	61.6
Employed	20,819	20,707	20,543	20,724	20,826	20,787	20,843	20,650	20,484
Employment-population ratio	59.5	57.9	57.4	59.2	58.4	58.2	58.3	57.7	57.2
Unemployed	1,526	1,610	1,771	1,385	1,370	1,399	1,332	1,511	1,587
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.2	7.9	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.8	7.2
Not in labor force	12,671	13,467	13,504	12,908	13,491	13,534	13,577	13,623	13,747
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,445	10,527	10,415	10,367	10,511	10,504	10,409	10,473	10,346
Participation rate	70.2	69.2	68.4	69.7	69.3	69.2	68.5	68.8	67.9
Employed	9,749	9,813	9,675	9,681	9,870	9,917	9,869	9,752	9,623
Employment-population ratio	65.5	64.5	63.5	65.1	65.1	65.3	64.9	64.1	63.2
Unemployed	696	713	740	686	641	587	540	721	723
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.8	7.1	6.6	6.1	5.6	5.2	6.9	7.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,019	10,871	10,948	11,021	10,857	10,923	11,016	10,883	10,941
Participation rate	62.9	60.8	61.2	62.9	60.9	61.2	61.7	60.9	61.1
Employed	10,331	10,188	10,145	10,418	10,300	10,260	10,332	10,248	10,247
Employment-population ratio	59.0	57.0	56.7	59.5	57.8	57.5	57.8	57.3	57.2
Unemployed	688	682	802	603	557	663	684	634	694
Unemployment rate	6.2	6.3	7.3	5.5	5.1	6.1	6.2	5.8	6.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	881	919	951	722	828	759	749	806	783
Participation rate	33.6	34.3	35.5	27.5	30.9	28.3	27.9	30.0	29.2
Employed	739	706	723	625	655	610	641	651	614
Employment-population ratio	28.2	26.3	26.9	23.8	24.5	22.8	23.9	24.3	22.9
Unemployed	142	214	229	97	172	149	108	155	170
Unemployment rate	16.1	23.3	24.1	13.4	20.8	19.6	14.4	19.2	21.7
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,971	19,294	19,313	17,971	19,241	19,272	19,291	19,294	19,313
Civilian labor force	11,924	12,712	12,647	11,804	12,653	12,717	12,708	12,633	12,530
Participation rate	66.4	65.9	65.5	65.7	65.8	66.0	65.9	65.5	64.9
Employed	11,466	12,221	12,123	11,371	12,213	12,332	12,247	12,186	12,036
Employment-population ratio	63.8	63.3	62.8	63.3	63.5	64.0	63.5	63.2	62.3
Unemployed	459	491	524	432	441	385	461	447	494
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.9	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.0	3.6	3.5	3.9
Not in labor force	6,047	6,582	6,666	6,167	6,588	6,555	6,583	6,661	6,783
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025	July 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,966	51,406	51,514	48,966	51,083	51,191	51,297	51,406	51,514
Civilian labor force	33,011	34,466	34,585	32,951	34,330	34,446	34,452	34,318	34,500
Participation rate	67.4	67.0	67.1	67.3	67.2	67.3	67.2	66.8	67.0
Employed	31,207	32,831	32,807	31,200	32,578	32,650	32,682	32,686	32,773
Employment-population ratio	63.7	63.9	63.7	63.7	63.8	63.8	63.7	63.6	63.6
Unemployed	1,805	1,635	1,778	1,751	1,752	1,795	1,770	1,632	1,727
Unemployment rate	5.5	4.7	5.1	5.3	5.1	5.2	5.1	4.8	5.0
Not in labor force	15,954	16,940	16,930	16,015	16,753	16,745	16,845	17,088	17,014
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,718	18,483	18,448	17,702	18,301	18,410	18,431	18,455	18,435
Participation rate	80.1	79.3	79.0	80.0	79.1	79.4	79.3	79.2	78.9
Employed	16,990	17,797	17,723	16,921	17,476	17,488	17,610	17,694	17,652
Employment-population ratio	76.8	76.4	75.9	76.5	75.5	75.4	75.7	75.9	75.6
Unemployed	728	686	725	781	825	921	821	761	782
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.7	3.9	4.4	4.5	5.0	4.5	4.1	4.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,583	14,291	14,348	13,709	14,398	14,512	14,473	14,305	14,450
Participation rate	61.1	61.3	61.4	61.7	62.1	62.5	62.2	61.3	61.8
Employed	12,807	13,639	13,662	12,967	13,732	13,846	13,742	13,668	13,797
Employment-population ratio	57.6	58.5	58.4	58.3	59.3	59.6	59.1	58.6	59.0
Unemployed	776	653	686	742	666	666	731	637	652
Unemployment rate	5.7	4.6	4.8	5.4	4.6	4.6	5.0	4.5	4.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,711	1,692	1,789	1,540	1,631	1,523	1,549	1,558	1,616
Participation rate	37.2	35.4	37.4	33.5	34.2	31.9	32.4	32.6	33.8
Employed	1,409	1,396	1,421	1,312	1,370	1,316	1,330	1,324	1,323
Employment-population ratio	30.6	29.2	29.7	28.5	28.8	27.6	27.9	27.7	27.7
Unemployed	302	296	368	228	261	208	218	234	292
Unemployment rate	17.6	17.5	20.6	14.8	16.0	13.6	14.1	15.0	18.1
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025	July 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,997	9,228	8,839	9,194	9,061	8,891	9,055	9,019	9,036
Participation rate	47.9	47.3	47.9	48.9	48.1	46.4	46.6	46.2	49.0
Employed	8,408	8,753	8,365	8,578	8,538	8,344	8,553	8,496	8,534
Employment-population ratio	44.8	44.8	45.4	45.7	45.3	43.6	44.0	43.5	46.3
Unemployed	589	475	474	616	523	546	502	522	501
Unemployment rate	6.5	5.1	5.4	6.7	5.8	6.1	5.5	5.8	5.5
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,537	36,289	36,103	36,686	36,023	36,525	36,460	36,569	36,255
Participation rate	56.7	56.7	56.2	56.9	56.4	56.7	56.6	57.1	56.5
Employed	34,832	34,916	34,487	34,985	34,538	35,069	34,836	35,124	34,658
Employment-population ratio	54.1	54.5	53.7	54.3	54.1	54.5	54.1	54.8	54.0
Unemployed	1,705	1,373	1,616	1,701	1,485	1,456	1,623	1,446	1,597
Unemployment rate	4.7	3.8	4.5	4.6	4.1	4.0	4.5	4.0	4.4
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,537	36,102	36,031	35,697	36,196	36,491	36,128	36,218	36,212
Participation rate	62.7	62.7	62.7	63.0	62.5	62.8	62.8	62.9	63.0
Employed	34,198	34,951	34,891	34,434	34,930	35,157	34,946	35,069	35,129
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.7	60.7	60.8	60.3	60.5	60.8	60.9	61.1
Unemployed	1,339	1,151	1,140	1,263	1,266	1,334	1,181	1,149	1,083
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.2	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.3	3.2	3.0
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	65,086	66,266	67,011	65,248	66,752	66,666	66,744	66,761	67,178
Participation rate	72.5	71.5	71.4	72.7	72.0	72.7	72.3	72.0	71.5
Employed	63,340	64,486	64,940	63,719	65,014	65,005	65,022	65,089	65,339
Employment-population ratio	70.5	69.5	69.2	71.0	70.1	70.9	70.4	70.2	69.6
Unemployed	1,746	1,779	2,071	1,529	1,738	1,661	1,722	1,672	1,838
Unemployment rate	2.7	2.7	3.1	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.7
Footnotes (1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	July 2024	July 2025	July 2024	July 2025	July 2024	July 2025
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,556	17,241	15,505	15,163	2,051	2,078
Civilian labor force	8,374	8,240	7,222	7,044	1,152	1,196
Participation rate	47.7	47.8	46.6	46.5	56.2	57.6
Employed	8,119	7,996	7,025	6,852	1,094	1,144
Employment-population ratio	46.2	46.4	45.3	45.2	53.4	55.0
Unemployed	255	244	197	192	57	52
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.0	2.7	2.7	5.0	4.4
Not in labor force	9,182	9,001	8,283	8,119	899	882
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,299	5,692	4,365	4,674	934	1,018
Civilian labor force	4,181	4,390	3,508	3,610	674	780
Participation rate	78.9	77.1	80.4	77.2	72.1	76.6
Employed	4,046	4,253	3,410	3,511	636	742
Employment-population ratio	76.4	74.7	78.1	75.1	68.1	72.9
Unemployed	135	137	97	99	37	38
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.1	2.8	2.7	5.6	4.9
Not in labor force	1,118	1,302	857	1,064	260	238
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,849	3,188	2,382	2,701	467	487
Civilian labor force	1,906	2,010	1,622	1,761	284	249
Participation rate	66.9	63.0	68.1	65.2	60.8	51.0
Employed	1,874	1,980	1,597	1,741	277	239
Employment-population ratio	65.8	62.1	67.0	64.5	59.4	49.1
Unemployed	32	29	25	20	7	9
Unemployment rate	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.1	2.3	3.8
Not in labor force	943	1,178	760	940	183	238
Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,627	4,857	5,389	4,672	238	185
Civilian labor force	712	580	691	553	22	27
Participation rate	12.7	11.9	12.8	11.8	9.2	14.4
Employed	671	549	657	523	14	27
Employment-population ratio	11.9	11.3	12.2	11.2	5.8	14.4
Unemployed	41	31	33	31	8	0
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.3	4.8	5.5	-	-
Not in labor force	4,915	4,277	4,698	4,119	216	158
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,781	3,504	3,369	3,116	412	388
Civilian labor force	1,574	1,261	1,402	1,120	172	141
Participation rate	41.6	36.0	41.6	35.9	41.8	36.2
Employed	1,527	1,213	1,360	1,077	167	136
Employment-population ratio	40.4	34.6	40.4	34.6	40.5	35.0
Unemployed	47	47	41	43	5	5
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.8	3.0	3.8	3.1	3.4
Not in labor force	2,207	2,243	1,967	1,996	240	247
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	241,785	247,097	110,674	113,608	131,112	133,489
Civilian labor force	158,352	160,499	81,576	82,858	76,775	77,641
Participation rate	65.5	65.0	73.7	72.9	58.6	58.2
Employed	151,309	153,377	78,050	79,311	73,259	74,066
Employment-population ratio	62.6	62.1	70.5	69.8	55.9	55.5
Unemployed	7,043	7,121	3,526	3,547	3,516	3,574
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.6	4.6
Not in labor force	83,434	86,598	29,097	30,750	54,336	55,848
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	People with a disability		People with no disability
	July 2024	July 2025	July 2024	July 2025
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,362	35,889	235,282	237,897
Civilian labor force	8,077	8,878	161,646	162,767
Participation rate	24.2	24.7	68.7	68.4
Employed	7,418	7,988	154,620	155,811
Employment-population ratio	22.2	22.3	65.7	65.5
Unemployed	659	891	7,027	6,956
Unemployment rate	8.2	10.0	4.3	4.3
Not in labor force	25,285	27,010	73,636	75,129
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,389	3,745	80,504	81,028
Participation rate	42.2	42.4	84.1	84.0
Employed	3,120	3,325	77,105	77,645
Employment-population ratio	38.9	37.6	80.6	80.5
Unemployed	268	420	3,399	3,382
Unemployment rate	7.9	11.2	4.2	4.2
Not in labor force	4,642	5,098	15,184	15,460
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,277	3,606	70,842	71,509
Participation rate	38.8	40.9	73.3	73.1
Employed	2,961	3,210	67,628	68,238
Employment-population ratio	35.1	36.4	69.9	69.8
Unemployed	316	396	3,213	3,271
Unemployment rate	9.7	11.0	4.5	4.6
Not in labor force	5,164	5,220	25,859	26,320
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,411	1,527	10,300	10,230
Participation rate	8.4	8.4	24.0	23.5
Employed	1,337	1,453	9,886	9,927
Employment-population ratio	7.9	8.0	23.0	22.8
Unemployed	74	74	414	302
Unemployment rate	5.2	4.9	4.0	3.0
Not in labor force	15,479	16,692	32,593	33,349
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	July 2024	July 2025	July 2024	July 2025	July 2024	July 2025
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,327	48,510	23,491	23,595	24,836	24,915
Civilian labor force	32,518	32,066	18,389	18,294	14,129	13,772
Participation rate	67.3	66.1	78.3	77.5	56.9	55.3
Employed	31,001	30,764	17,696	17,597	13,305	13,167
Employment-population ratio	64.1	63.4	75.3	74.6	53.6	52.8
Unemployed	1,517	1,302	693	698	824	604
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.1	3.8	3.8	5.8	4.4
Not in labor force	15,809	16,444	5,101	5,300	10,708	11,143
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	220,317	225,276	107,484	109,952	112,833	115,324
Civilian labor force	137,205	139,580	71,867	73,040	65,338	66,540
Participation rate	62.3	62.0	66.9	66.4	57.9	57.7
Employed	131,037	133,035	68,671	69,720	62,365	63,315
Employment-population ratio	59.5	59.1	63.9	63.4	55.3	54.9
Unemployed	6,168	6,545	3,196	3,320	2,973	3,225
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.7	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.8
Not in labor force	83,112	85,696	35,617	36,912	47,495	48,784
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025	July 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,421	2,284	2,365	2,271	2,371	2,246	2,062	2,162	2,216
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,729	1,644	1,775	1,593	1,595	1,556	1,414	1,529	1,610
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	673	609	571	642	740	666	628	581	554
Unpaid family workers	20	30	18	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	159,616	161,599	161,434	159,099	160,920	161,591	161,223	161,353	160,962
Wage and salary workers(1)	150,290	152,376	152,274	149,761	151,946	152,265	151,789	152,125	151,816
Government	20,704	20,974	20,688	21,640	21,748	21,856	21,807	21,532	21,635
Private industries	129,586	131,402	131,586	128,090	130,227	130,408	129,957	130,589	130,131
Private households	629	614	587	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	128,956	130,788	130,998	127,451	129,585	129,731	129,357	129,930	129,534
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,285	9,184	9,146	9,194	9,055	9,281	9,385	9,095	9,060
Unpaid family workers	41	39	14	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,718	4,659	4,838	4,564	4,780	4,690	4,624	4,465	4,684
Slack work or business conditions	2,996	3,120	3,027	3,001	3,156	3,148	3,007	3,109	3,035
Could only find part-time work	1,301	1,159	1,374	1,195	1,255	1,260	1,385	1,161	1,264
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,566	21,564	21,307	22,048	22,625	22,723	22,588	22,556	22,770
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,661	4,577	4,729	4,490	4,717	4,622	4,548	4,372	4,559
Slack work or business conditions	2,954	3,049	2,941	2,942	3,125	3,103	2,941	3,022	2,932
Could only find part-time work	1,291	1,154	1,363	1,188	1,255	1,253	1,375	1,156	1,257
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,201	21,221	20,917	21,694	22,196	22,381	22,239	22,208	22,392
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025	July 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	162,038	163,883	163,799	161,219	163,508	163,969	163,273	163,366	163,106
16 to 19 years	6,664	6,107	6,288	5,570	5,786	5,732	5,590	5,361	5,291
16 to 17 years	2,609	2,222	2,425	2,125	2,095	2,001	1,939	1,958	1,985
18 to 19 years	4,054	3,884	3,863	3,427	3,708	3,719	3,646	3,419	3,290
20 years and over	155,374	157,776	157,510	155,649	157,722	158,237	157,683	158,005	157,815
20 to 24 years	14,596	14,670	14,828	14,081	14,609	14,495	14,332	14,298	14,321
25 years and over	140,778	143,106	142,683	141,572	143,207	143,737	143,369	143,707	143,522
25 to 54 years	103,547	105,600	104,853	104,088	105,279	105,602	105,404	105,843	105,425
25 to 34 years	35,418	36,387	36,008	35,556	36,333	36,369	36,413	36,425	36,169
35 to 44 years	36,057	36,864	36,825	36,267	36,844	36,979	36,842	36,994	37,041
45 to 54 years	32,072	32,349	32,021	32,265	32,101	32,255	32,149	32,424	32,216
55 years and over	37,231	37,506	37,830	37,484	37,928	38,134	37,965	37,863	38,097
Men, 16 years and over	86,368	87,272	87,317	85,347	86,443	86,733	86,486	86,575	86,347
16 to 19 years	3,342	3,125	3,211	2,774	2,880	2,875	2,782	2,703	2,686
16 to 17 years	1,293	1,112	1,153	1,032	1,041	1,037	953	943	931
18 to 19 years	2,049	2,013	2,057	1,728	1,855	1,839	1,829	1,776	1,742
20 years and over	83,026	84,147	84,106	82,573	83,563	83,858	83,704	83,872	83,660
20 to 24 years	7,517	7,640	7,616	7,159	7,377	7,340	7,314	7,378	7,266
25 years and over	75,509	76,507	76,490	75,392	76,290	76,528	76,358	76,455	76,392
25 to 54 years	55,494	56,399	56,076	55,346	55,952	56,209	56,033	56,262	55,948
25 to 34 years	19,083	19,500	19,323	19,014	19,317	19,446	19,388	19,449	19,264
35 to 44 years	19,432	19,857	19,789	19,372	19,789	19,818	19,717	19,821	19,737
45 to 54 years	16,979	17,041	16,964	16,960	16,846	16,945	16,927	16,992	16,947
55 years and over	20,014	20,108	20,414	20,046	20,338	20,319	20,325	20,193	20,444
Women, 16 years and over	75,670	76,611	76,482	75,871	77,065	77,236	76,787	76,791	76,760
16 to 19 years	3,322	2,981	3,078	2,796	2,906	2,857	2,808	2,657	2,605
16 to 17 years	1,317	1,110	1,272	1,093	1,053	963	986	1,015	1,054
18 to 19 years	2,005	1,871	1,806	1,699	1,853	1,880	1,817	1,643	1,548
20 years and over	72,348	73,630	73,404	73,076	74,159	74,379	73,979	74,134	74,155
20 to 24 years	7,078	7,030	7,212	6,923	7,231	7,154	7,018	6,920	7,055
25 years and over	65,270	66,599	66,193	66,180	66,917	67,209	67,011	67,252	67,129
25 to 54 years	48,053	49,201	48,777	48,742	49,327	49,393	49,370	49,581	49,477
25 to 34 years	16,335	16,887	16,685	16,542	17,016	16,922	17,024	16,976	16,905
35 to 44 years	16,625	17,007	17,036	16,895	17,055	17,161	17,125	17,173	17,304
45 to 54 years	15,093	15,308	15,057	15,305	15,255	15,310	15,222	15,432	15,269
55 years and over	17,217	17,398	17,416	17,438	17,590	17,816	17,640	17,671	17,652
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,792	46,577	46,734	46,043	45,698	45,988	46,449	46,654	46,905
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,393	37,247	37,371	36,990	36,650	37,121	37,084	37,660	37,921
Women who maintain families(2)	10,066	9,536	9,287	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	135,036	136,347	136,148	133,648	135,135	135,463	134,840	135,277	134,837
Part-time workers(4)	27,002	27,536	27,651	27,740	28,467	28,524	28,557	28,190	28,437
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,402	8,703	8,243	8,475	8,936	8,866	8,583	8,865	8,342
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.3	5.0	5.3	5.5	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.1
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,911	7,052	6,761	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,957	9,794	9,717	9,837	9,794	9,947	10,013	9,675	9,613
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025	July 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	7,097	7,015	7,236	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2
16 to 19 years	801	905	950	12.6	13.7	13.0	13.4	14.4	15.2
16 to 17 years	277	318	345	11.5	15.3	14.4	14.5	14.0	14.8
18 to 19 years	537	607	610	13.5	12.8	12.0	12.7	15.1	15.6
20 years and over	6,296	6,110	6,286	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.8
20 to 24 years	1,172	1,270	1,225	7.7	7.5	8.2	8.2	8.2	7.9
25 years and over	5,124	4,833	5,039	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4
25 to 54 years	3,926	3,635	3,914	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.6
25 to 34 years	1,781	1,432	1,615	4.8	4.0	4.2	4.1	3.8	4.3
35 to 44 years	1,182	1,241	1,322	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.4
45 to 54 years	963	961	977	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.9
55 years and over	1,198	1,184	1,125	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9
Men, 16 years and over	3,846	3,886	3,973	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4
16 to 19 years	429	507	522	13.4	14.2	15.0	15.8	15.8	16.3
16 to 17 years	126	155	206	10.9	14.2	13.8	17.5	14.1	18.1
18 to 19 years	309	370	315	15.2	14.0	15.2	14.5	17.2	15.3
20 years and over	3,418	3,378	3,450	4.0	3.8	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0
20 to 24 years	617	731	661	7.9	8.4	9.6	8.8	9.0	8.3
25 years and over	2,797	2,617	2,762	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.5
25 to 54 years	2,123	1,961	2,142	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.7
25 to 34 years	942	809	930	4.7	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.0	4.6
35 to 44 years	671	614	698	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.4
45 to 54 years	510	538	514	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.1	2.9
55 years and over	674	657	620	3.3	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.1	2.9
Women, 16 years and over	3,250	3,129	3,263	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.1
16 to 19 years	372	397	428	11.8	13.3	10.7	10.9	13.0	14.1
16 to 17 years	152	163	139	12.2	16.4	15.0	11.4	13.9	11.7
18 to 19 years	227	237	295	11.8	11.5	8.7	10.8	12.6	16.0
20 years and over	2,878	2,732	2,836	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.7
20 to 24 years	555	538	564	7.4	6.6	6.8	7.6	7.2	7.4
25 years and over	2,327	2,216	2,277	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.2	3.3
25 to 54 years	1,803	1,674	1,772	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.5
25 to 34 years	839	623	685	4.8	3.6	4.1	4.0	3.5	3.9
35 to 44 years	511	628	623	2.9	3.5	3.2	3.6	3.5	3.5
45 to 54 years	453	423	464	2.9	3.3	3.1	3.3	2.7	2.9
55 years and over	521	545	501	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.8
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	999	1,062	1,023	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.1
Married women, spouse present(1)	899	967	997	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.6
Women who maintain families(2)	592	551	648	5.6	5.8	5.2	5.9	5.5	6.5
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,768	5,572	5,986	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.0	4.3
Part-time workers(4)	1,360	1,394	1,262	4.7	4.5	4.1	4.4	4.7	4.3
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025	July 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,649	3,311	3,534	3,545	3,313	3,455	3,457	3,293	3,405
On temporary layoff	1,266	918	1,118	1,109	811	867	874	860	940
Not on temporary layoff	2,382	2,393	2,415	2,436	2,502	2,588	2,583	2,433	2,465
Permanent job losers	1,669	1,885	1,871	1,691	1,810	1,918	1,916	1,887	1,887
People who completed temporary jobs	714	508	544	745	692	670	668	546	577
Job leavers	894	798	818	855	870	855	704	825	784
Reentrants	2,329	2,342	2,346	2,161	2,176	2,235	2,288	2,145	2,180
New entrants	814	1,008	1,149	648	739	701	725	710	985
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	47.5	44.4	45.0	49.2	46.7	47.7	48.2	47.2	46.3
On temporary layoff	16.5	12.3	14.3	15.4	11.4	12.0	12.2	12.3	12.8
Not on temporary layoff	31.0	32.1	30.8	33.8	35.3	35.7	36.0	34.9	33.5
Job leavers	11.6	10.7	10.4	11.9	12.3	11.8	9.8	11.8	10.7
Reentrants	30.3	31.4	29.9	30.0	30.7	30.8	31.9	30.8	29.6
New entrants	10.6	13.5	14.6	9.0	10.4	9.7	10.1	10.2	13.4
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
New entrants	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.6
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025	July 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,638	2,932	2,588	2,348	2,362	2,187	2,451	2,241	2,299
5 to 14 weeks	2,542	1,936	2,377	2,162	2,146	2,269	2,208	2,131	2,034
15 weeks and over	2,505	2,591	2,881	2,620	2,501	2,662	2,495	2,710	2,993
15 to 26 weeks	938	1,010	1,028	1,078	1,006	987	1,039	1,063	1,167
27 weeks and over	1,568	1,581	1,854	1,543	1,495	1,675	1,457	1,647	1,826
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	19.6	21.5	22.9	20.6	22.8	23.2	21.8	23.0	24.1
Median duration, in weeks	8.7	7.9	9.3	9.5	9.8	10.4	9.5	10.1	10.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	34.3	39.3	33.0	32.9	33.7	30.7	34.3	31.6	31.4
5 to 14 weeks	33.1	26.0	30.3	30.3	30.6	31.9	30.9	30.1	27.8
15 weeks and over	32.6	34.7	36.7	36.7	35.7	37.4	34.9	38.3	40.9
15 to 26 weeks	12.2	13.5	13.1	15.1	14.4	13.9	14.5	15.0	15.9
27 weeks and over	20.4	21.2	23.6	21.6	21.3	23.5	20.4	23.3	24.9
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	July 2024	July 2025	July 2024	July 2025	July 2024	July 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	162,038	163,799	7,685	7,847	4.5	4.6
Management, professional, and related occupations	70,167	69,809	2,095	2,162	2.9	3.0
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,816	30,985	740	680	2.3	2.1
Professional and related occupations	39,351	38,825	1,355	1,482	3.3	3.7
Service occupations	27,346	28,253	1,469	1,529	5.1	5.1
Sales and office occupations	29,919	31,067	1,279	1,253	4.1	3.9
Sales and related occupations	14,104	14,502	680	592	4.6	3.9
Office and administrative support occupations	15,814	16,565	598	661	3.6	3.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,740	15,349	713	547	4.6	3.4
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,129	1,198	119	50	9.6	4.0
Construction and extraction occupations	8,759	8,922	442	392	4.8	4.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,853	5,229	151	105	3.0	2.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,866	19,321	1,293	1,198	6.1	5.8
Production occupations	7,889	7,662	416	411	5.0	5.1
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,977	11,659	877	788	6.8	6.3
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	July 2024	July 2025	July 2024	July 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	7,685	7,847	4.5	4.6
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,636	5,487	4.2	4.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	31	22	5.4	4.2
Construction	420	379	3.9	3.4
Manufacturing	537	641	3.6	4.2
Durable goods	298	413	3.1	4.2
Nondurable goods	239	228	4.5	4.4
Wholesale and retail trade	965	877	4.9	4.4
Transportation and utilities	432	329	5.1	3.9
Information	145	140	5.6	5.5
Financial activities	256	238	2.5	2.2
Professional and business services	845	696	4.2	3.3
Education and health services	973	1,023	3.7	3.8
Leisure and hospitality	811	883	5.5	6.2
Other services	219	259	3.2	3.9
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	152	64	8.5	3.6
Government workers	762	793	3.5	3.7
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	322	354	3.1	3.5
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025	July 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025
U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.5	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.8
U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.5	4.4	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.5
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	5.4	5.4	5.5	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.2
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	8.2	8.1	8.3	7.8	7.9	7.8	7.8	7.7	7.9
NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	July 2024	July 2025	July 2024	July 2025	July 2024	July 2025
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	98,921	102,140	40,719	42,212	58,203	59,928
People who currently want a job	5,950	6,533	2,723	2,995	3,227	3,538
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,628	1,751	896	891	732	860
Discouraged workers(2)	449	457	282	270	167	187
Other people marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,178	1,294	614	621	565	673
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,402	8,243	4,056	4,086	4,346	4,157
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.0	4.7	4.7	5.7	5.4
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,793	4,757	2,577	2,537	2,216	2,220
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,028	2,069	679	754	1,349	1,315
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	464	391	264	240	199	151
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,043	948	499	527	544	421
Footnotes (1) Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)	Change from: June2025 - July2025(p)
Total nonfarm	157,771	159,930	160,293	159,227	158,003	159,452	159,466	159,539	73
Total private	135,580	136,097	136,833	136,877	134,611	135,884	135,887	135,970	83
Goods-producing	21,964	21,715	21,913	21,929	21,677	21,680	21,667	21,654	-13
Mining and logging	630	622	626	623	623	622	621	617	-4
Logging	40.1	37.5	38.7	38.8	38.9	39.2	38.8	37.9	-0.9
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	589.7	584.4	586.9	583.8	583.9	582.9	582.4	579.0	-3.4
Oil and gas extraction	124.0	122.2	122.7	122.7	123.0	122.6	122.2	121.8	-0.4
Mining (except oil and gas)	195.6	193.5	194.8	194.4	191.7	191.8	191.7	190.9	-0.8
Coal mining	43.2	41.3	41.1	40.9	42.9	41.0	41.0	40.6	-0.4
Metal ore mining	45.6	44.3	44.5	44.4	45.1	44.4	44.2	44.1	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	106.8	107.9	109.2	109.1	103.7	106.4	106.5	106.2	-0.3
Support activities for mining	270.1	268.7	269.4	266.7	269.2	268.5	268.5	266.3	-2.2
Construction	8,430	8,353	8,480	8,518	8,214	8,305	8,308	8,310	2
Construction of buildings	1,895.7	1,878.9	1,907.9	1,913.0	1,857.1	1,881.2	1,879.2	1,876.3	-2.9
Residential building construction	958.5	958.5	968.5	970.6	940.8	956.8	956.1	954.7	-1.4
Nonresidential building construction	937.2	920.4	939.4	942.4	916.3	924.4	923.1	921.6	-1.5
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,196.1	1,203.6	1,215.2	1,224.2	1,146.5	1,176.0	1,172.0	1,178.0	6.0
Specialty trade contractors	5,338.6	5,270.0	5,356.4	5,380.4	5,210.4	5,248.1	5,257.0	5,255.9	-1.1
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,472.5	2,393.6	2,432.9	2,438.7	2,410.1	2,381.3	2,381.0	2,378.0	-3.0
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,866.1	2,876.4	2,923.5	2,941.7	2,800.3	2,866.8	2,876.0	2,877.9	1.9
Manufacturing	12,904	12,740	12,807	12,788	12,840	12,753	12,738	12,727	-11
Durable goods	8,008	7,894	7,931	7,915	7,983	7,902	7,889	7,889	0
Wood product manufacturing	422.3	415.8	415.3	415.1	419.0	416.0	413.2	412.1	-1.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	426.8	431.6	434.8	434.9	421.9	430.1	430.1	430.3	0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	375.0	376.3	377.5	378.3	373.7	376.1	375.3	376.7	1.4
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,445.9	1,437.7	1,444.2	1,445.2	1,439.4	1,437.4	1,436.6	1,438.5	1.9
Machinery manufacturing	1,124.0	1,111.7	1,114.5	1,110.4	1,116.7	1,111.8	1,107.6	1,104.4	-3.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,037.4	1,003.8	1,009.0	1,012.3	1,029.0	1,006.8	1,003.8	1,003.8	0.0
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	110.6	108.7	109.7	110.0	110.0	109.2	109.7	109.4	-0.3
Communications equipment manufacturing	83.3	82.4	82.1	82.4	82.5	82.1	81.1	81.6	0.5
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	398.2	376.4	378.5	377.4	394.1	377.4	375.8	373.6	-2.2
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	415.3	408.3	410.2	414.0	413.0	410.0	409.0	411.1	2.1
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	30.0	28.0	28.5	28.5	29.5	28.1	28.2	28.1	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	414.8	405.3	407.8	407.6	412.9	405.8	406.2	405.6	-0.6
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,802.9	1,760.6	1,771.3	1,753.5	1,815.9	1,767.4	1,767.2	1,766.2	-1.0
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,016.9	1,002.4	1,004.1	982.1	1,032.6	1,002.2	999.3	996.9	-2.4
Furniture and related product manufacturing	343.4	338.8	343.4	343.3	342.7	339.0	340.0	340.9	0.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing	615.9	611.9	613.6	613.9	611.7	611.2	609.1	610.6	1.5
Nondurable goods	4,896	4,846	4,876	4,873	4,857	4,851	4,849	4,838	-11
Food manufacturing	1,782.0	1,764.9	1,776.6	1,783.1	1,770.1	1,775.1	1,774.0	1,771.9	-2.1
Textile mills	87.5	85.0	85.4	84.2	86.9	85.0	85.3	83.8	-1.5
Textile product mills	100.3	99.1	99.3	98.0	100.2	98.8	99.2	98.1	-1.1
Apparel manufacturing	84.6	83.1	82.6	82.5	84.4	82.6	81.9	82.3	0.4
Paper manufacturing	356.1	353.7	355.2	356.3	355.6	354.9	355.5	355.6	0.1
Printing and related support activities	356.3	350.8	352.1	348.8	355.5	350.7	351.3	348.6	-2.7
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	111.6	107.9	109.0	109.1	109.2	106.2	106.6	106.9	0.3
Chemical manufacturing	905.6	903.1	907.8	908.5	899.1	902.6	903.5	902.4	-1.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	727.9	720.8	721.1	719.4	725.1	718.9	716.3	716.6	0.3
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	384.5	377.5	386.5	383.5	370.9	376.2	375.1	371.6	-3.5
Private service-providing	113,616	114,382	114,920	114,948	112,934	114,204	114,220	114,316	96
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,857	28,947	29,048	29,005	28,919	29,088	29,066	29,077	11
Wholesale trade	6,179.2	6,186.0	6,199.9	6,194.7	6,143.6	6,179.6	6,171.5	6,163.7	-7.8
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,460.3	3,465.5	3,472.7	3,471.9	3,443.5	3,465.5	3,460.1	3,456.9	-3.2
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,224.8	2,233.3	2,241.2	2,238.7	2,207.8	2,225.9	2,225.0	2,223.9	-1.1
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	494.1	487.2	486.0	484.1	492.3	488.2	486.4	482.9	-3.5
Retail trade	15,540.0	15,505.6	15,580.6	15,595.9	15,522.8	15,575.7	15,561.4	15,577.1	15.7
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,060.9	2,065.1	2,067.5	2,067.7	2,050.4	2,061.3	2,056.5	2,058.4	1.9
Automobile dealers	1,290.5	1,299.3	1,302.2	1,299.6	1,289.3	1,298.9	1,298.5	1,298.9	0.4
Other motor vehicle dealers	177.1	165.1	165.7	167.9	168.1	160.1	157.9	159.3	1.4
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	593.3	600.7	599.6	600.2	593.0	602.3	600.1	600.1	0.0
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,429.1	1,433.8	1,439.3	1,419.8	1,401.0	1,385.8	1,387.8	1,388.6	0.8
Food and beverage retailers	3,233.8	3,230.5	3,250.1	3,254.2	3,219.7	3,243.5	3,242.9	3,241.4	-1.5
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	786.7	778.9	776.5	777.0	800.9	795.1	791.6	792.2	0.6
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	398.2	400.4	397.9	397.9	405.8	406.7	404.4	406.1	1.7
Electronics and appliance retailers	388.5	378.5	378.6	379.1	395.1	388.4	387.2	386.1	-1.1
General merchandise retailers	3,247.0	3,258.2	3,265.5	3,290.4	3,271.5	3,305.0	3,302.2	3,313.0	10.8
Department stores	1,000.0	980.8	979.8	987.8	1,015.7	1,011.3	1,006.7	1,006.9	0.2
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,247.0	2,277.4	2,285.7	2,302.6	2,255.8	2,293.7	2,295.4	2,306.1	10.7
Health and personal care retailers	1,071.4	1,075.9	1,081.6	1,076.8	1,086.7	1,086.9	1,089.3	1,091.4	2.1
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,066.4	1,055.9	1,061.8	1,065.4	1,053.9	1,056.0	1,050.8	1,053.8	3.0
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,127.0	1,104.7	1,120.0	1,124.5	1,132.8	1,131.9	1,131.0	1,131.0	0.0
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,517.7	1,502.6	1,518.3	1,520.1	1,505.9	1,510.2	1,509.3	1,507.3	-2.0
Transportation and warehousing	6,542.6	6,657.0	6,665.9	6,611.7	6,661.3	6,734.0	6,734.6	6,738.2	3.6
Air transportation	568.9	581.0	581.0	583.6	564.8	580.6	577.0	579.5	2.5
Rail transportation	155.8	153.5	153.0	153.0	156.0	153.4	153.2	153.2	0.0
Water transportation	74.0	72.8	75.0	74.9	70.7	71.0	71.6	71.4	-0.2
Truck transportation	1,533.3	1,523.2	1,531.6	1,539.3	1,516.6	1,523.9	1,519.6	1,523.2	3.6
Transit and ground passenger transportation	406.3	505.4	481.4	427.1	466.8	489.6	491.6	489.5	-2.1
Pipeline transportation	56.7	60.5	61.2	60.7	56.3	60.1	60.8	60.4	-0.4
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	40.5	37.2	43.9	46.1	31.4	34.2	35.6	36.0	0.4
Support activities for transportation	840.8	847.6	845.4	847.8	841.5	848.9	848.8	849.0	0.2
Couriers and messengers	1,032.6	1,068.1	1,088.9	1,078.1	1,100.3	1,144.9	1,151.7	1,157.7	6.0
Warehousing and storage	1,833.7	1,807.7	1,804.5	1,801.1	1,856.9	1,827.4	1,824.7	1,818.3	-6.4
Utilities	595.5	598.0	601.7	602.5	591.6	598.2	598.5	598.4	-0.1
Information	2,960	2,932	2,955	2,961	2,936	2,941	2,941	2,939	-2
Motion picture and sound recording industries	413.3	414.4	423.2	427.1	400.7	411.1	412.8	415.3	2.5
Publishing industries	917.7	913.4	924.4	925.0	912.6	919.5	919.4	919.8	0.4
Broadcasting and content providers	340.0	334.1	334.5	334.6	340.8	334.4	334.3	334.6	0.3
Telecommunications	621.8	603.6	603.1	601.8	619.3	604.5	602.8	600.5	-2.3
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	484.2	483.7	485.8	487.0	480.3	486.9	487.4	483.9	-3.5
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	183.3	182.7	184.3	185.3	182.1	184.4	184.1	184.5	0.4
Financial activities	9,239	9,221	9,279	9,339	9,164	9,250	9,248	9,263	15
Finance and insurance	6,738.5	6,723.9	6,754.6	6,793.6	6,704.9	6,747.6	6,744.5	6,758.7	14.2
Monetary authorities-central bank	20.9	21.2	21.2	21.1	20.5	21.2	21.1	20.8	-0.3
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,572.1	2,556.2	2,565.3	2,570.9	2,562.4	2,558.8	2,559.0	2,561.2	2.2
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,787.8	1,772.7	1,783.6	1,786.7	1,780.0	1,776.3	1,778.1	1,778.4	0.3
Commercial banking	1,380.3	1,359.5	1,367.1	1,368.7	1,374.1	1,362.3	1,363.4	1,362.1	-1.3
Nondepository credit intermediation	509.4	506.8	507.0	507.1	507.0	506.5	506.1	505.3	-0.8
Activities related to credit intermediation	274.9	276.7	274.7	277.1	275.4	276.0	274.7	277.5	2.8
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,131.1	1,131.1	1,150.3	1,167.5	1,116.5	1,141.9	1,146.8	1,151.6	4.8
Insurance carriers and related activities	3,014.4	3,015.4	3,017.8	3,034.1	3,005.5	3,025.7	3,017.6	3,025.1	7.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,500.4	2,497.3	2,524.7	2,545.2	2,458.8	2,502.7	2,503.4	2,504.7	1.3
Real estate	1,888.5	1,875.9	1,887.6	1,902.0	1,867.5	1,881.2	1,880.8	1,881.5	0.7
Rental and leasing services	589.2	598.3	613.9	619.9	568.8	598.3	599.6	600.1	0.5
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.7	23.1	23.2	23.3	22.5	23.2	23.0	23.1	0.1
Professional and business services	22,730	22,631	22,695	22,670	22,623	22,587	22,576	22,562	-14
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,883.9	10,831.3	10,864.1	10,907.1	10,832.0	10,860.6	10,848.9	10,852.0	3.1
Legal services	1,201.0	1,191.8	1,211.4	1,210.7	1,190.5	1,196.6	1,199.3	1,199.9	0.6
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,123.7	1,140.3	1,130.1	1,129.2	1,155.8	1,153.0	1,154.4	1,155.0	0.6
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,737.8	1,740.1	1,769.2	1,785.4	1,706.9	1,744.5	1,747.6	1,754.3	6.7
Specialized design services	150.3	147.8	149.1	149.2	150.1	148.8	148.7	149.2	0.5
Computer systems design and related services	2,462.1	2,430.6	2,419.8	2,434.7	2,447.5	2,431.7	2,426.3	2,421.1	-5.2
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,871.6	1,873.7	1,871.3	1,873.9	1,866.0	1,877.9	1,871.8	1,869.2	-2.6
Scientific research and development services	949.1	935.4	939.5	943.7	934.8	936.4	931.4	930.4	-1.0
Advertising, public relations, and related services	499.6	491.6	494.4	498.2	497.2	491.8	492.6	495.4	2.8
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	888.7	880.0	879.3	882.1	883.2	880.0	876.8	877.6	0.8
Management of companies and enterprises	2,641.4	2,622.8	2,649.2	2,659.0	2,622.8	2,633.3	2,636.1	2,637.9	1.8
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,205.1	9,177.3	9,181.3	9,103.5	9,167.9	9,093.0	9,091.1	9,072.0	-19.1
Administrative and support services	8,688.5	8,658.4	8,655.1	8,576.5	8,657.0	8,572.3	8,569.6	8,549.8	-19.8
Office administrative services	620.9	622.7	620.4	624.2	617.8	623.5	620.9	621.9	1.0
Facilities support services	183.6	185.2	185.8	184.6	182.0	184.7	184.9	184.1	-0.8
Employment services(1)	3,222.7	3,247.9	3,193.2	3,130.1	3,315.4	3,237.0	3,231.6	3,224.4	-7.2
Temporary help services	2,506.7	2,536.0	2,488.8	2,436.8	2,594.3	2,529.0	2,526.0	2,521.6	-4.4
Business support services	680.3	650.6	647.1	638.4	687.8	656.8	652.2	646.5	-5.7
Travel arrangement and reservation services	189.8	196.2	197.7	195.8	187.8	195.2	195.7	194.3	-1.4
Investigation and security services	1,026.1	1,032.5	1,034.1	1,032.9	1,028.0	1,031.3	1,033.8	1,034.4	0.6
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,427.8	2,386.2	2,434.2	2,427.8	2,303.7	2,311.5	2,313.8	2,305.9	-7.9
Other support services	337.3	337.1	342.6	342.7	334.4	332.2	336.6	338.4	1.8
Waste management and remediation services	516.6	518.9	526.2	527.0	510.9	520.7	521.5	522.2	0.7
Private education and health services	26,215	27,275	27,121	27,084	26,525	27,278	27,330	27,409	79
Private educational services	3,665.1	4,027.0	3,794.8	3,699.7	3,956.9	4,001.9	3,994.3	4,000.1	5.8
Health care and social assistance	22,549.4	23,248.2	23,325.8	23,384.6	22,568.5	23,276.5	23,335.5	23,408.8	73.3
Health care(3)	17,689.5	18,045.6	18,111.9	18,195.6	17,683.3	18,105.6	18,143.2	18,198.6	55.4
Ambulatory health care services	8,788.6	8,937.9	8,944.1	8,985.4	8,799.1	8,959.6	8,970.3	9,003.9	33.6
Offices of physicians	2,977.3	3,044.4	3,044.7	3,053.8	2,980.1	3,049.2	3,050.4	3,057.1	6.7
Offices of dentists	1,050.8	1,047.6	1,050.0	1,060.8	1,048.0	1,050.4	1,049.8	1,056.9	7.1
Offices of other health practitioners	1,228.9	1,277.9	1,274.3	1,274.3	1,232.0	1,276.6	1,279.2	1,281.2	2.0
Outpatient care centers	1,117.2	1,117.9	1,117.4	1,120.0	1,118.6	1,121.5	1,120.4	1,121.7	1.3
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	304.8	305.8	307.2	308.4	306.4	306.4	308.1	309.1	1.0
Home health care services	1,753.7	1,785.3	1,787.2	1,804.3	1,755.7	1,794.0	1,798.2	1,812.6	14.4
Other ambulatory health care services	355.9	359.0	363.3	363.8	358.4	361.4	364.3	365.4	1.1
Hospitals	5,566.1	5,700.6	5,733.0	5,762.8	5,562.4	5,728.7	5,743.2	5,759.2	16.0
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,334.8	3,407.1	3,434.8	3,447.4	3,321.8	3,417.3	3,429.7	3,435.5	5.8
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,500.3	1,537.0	1,551.9	1,560.4	1,493.5	1,544.9	1,550.8	1,553.7	2.9
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	674.6	694.7	697.9	700.6	671.7	695.1	695.8	697.8	2.0
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	991.1	1,002.1	1,009.8	1,011.3	988.5	1,003.8	1,008.4	1,009.5	1.1
Other residential care facilities	168.8	173.3	175.2	175.1	168.0	173.6	174.8	174.4	-0.4
Social assistance	4,859.9	5,202.6	5,213.9	5,189.0	4,885.2	5,170.9	5,192.3	5,210.2	17.9
Individual and family services	3,275.8	3,548.4	3,570.8	3,590.3	3,267.9	3,539.6	3,557.9	3,578.5	20.6
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	236.9	241.9	241.4	241.3	236.9	241.6	240.3	241.2	0.9
Vocational rehabilitation services	291.5	286.3	292.4	291.8	287.5	285.4	288.8	287.6	-1.2
Child care services	1,055.7	1,126.0	1,109.3	1,065.6	1,092.9	1,104.3	1,105.4	1,102.9	-2.5
Leisure and hospitality	17,562	17,312	17,713	17,779	16,792	17,021	17,025	17,030	5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,971.5	2,784.7	2,994.3	3,054.3	2,627.5	2,704.2	2,711.9	2,712.6	0.7
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	609.1	657.5	671.1	661.6	583.3	628.8	637.5	636.9	-0.6
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	194.7	186.1	194.0	198.4	178.4	182.2	181.9	182.7	0.8
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	2,167.7	1,941.1	2,129.2	2,194.3	1,865.8	1,893.2	1,892.5	1,893.0	0.5
Accommodation and food services	14,590.5	14,526.8	14,718.6	14,724.4	14,164.9	14,316.6	14,312.6	14,317.4	4.8
Accommodation	2,078.9	1,967.4	2,049.5	2,093.6	1,931.8	1,949.9	1,945.5	1,950.6	5.1
Food services and drinking places	12,511.6	12,559.4	12,669.1	12,630.8	12,233.1	12,366.7	12,367.1	12,366.8	-0.3
Other services	6,053	6,064	6,109	6,110	5,975	6,039	6,034	6,036	2
Repair and maintenance	1,474.4	1,495.2	1,498.1	1,491.2	1,464.6	1,486.9	1,484.1	1,482.9	-1.2
Personal and laundry services	1,608.5	1,632.7	1,629.1	1,628.1	1,596.2	1,619.1	1,615.8	1,618.2	2.4
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,970.2	2,936.1	2,981.7	2,990.6	2,913.9	2,932.8	2,934.0	2,934.7	0.7
Government	22,191	23,833	23,460	22,350	23,392	23,568	23,579	23,569	-10
Federal	3,015	2,947	2,938	2,938	3,002	2,952	2,943	2,931	-12
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,406.4	2,356.9	2,348.8	2,338.8	2,394.7	2,359.1	2,349.2	2,335.1	-14.1
U.S. Postal Service	608.8	590.2	588.8	599.0	606.8	592.7	593.7	596.1	2.4
State government	5,102	5,498	5,257	5,176	5,444	5,515	5,525	5,530	5
State government education	2,235.6	2,604.1	2,346.1	2,257.8	2,593.4	2,620.8	2,628.7	2,627.5	-1.2
State government, excluding education	2,866.2	2,894.2	2,910.9	2,917.9	2,850.1	2,894.1	2,896.2	2,902.1	5.9
Local government	14,074	15,388	15,265	14,236	14,946	15,101	15,111	15,108	-3
Local government education	7,035.8	8,489.5	8,160.4	7,081.6	8,144.9	8,204.4	8,204.0	8,193.6	-10.4
Local government, excluding education	7,037.8	6,898.9	7,104.2	7,153.9	6,800.8	6,896.5	6,906.6	6,914.1	7.5
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.2	34.3	34.2	34.3
Goods-producing	39.7	39.8	39.7	39.9
Mining and logging	44.2	44.8	44.3	44.8
Construction	38.9	39.0	38.9	39.1
Manufacturing	40.0	40.1	40.1	40.1
Durable goods	40.4	40.5	40.5	40.5
Nondurable goods	39.2	39.3	39.3	39.5
Private service-providing	33.2	33.2	33.1	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	34.0	34.0	34.0
Wholesale trade	39.2	39.1	39.1	39.2
Retail trade	29.7	29.7	29.8	29.7
Transportation and warehousing	37.9	38.4	38.2	38.6
Utilities	42.2	42.2	42.3	42.3
Information	36.7	36.8	36.7	36.8
Financial activities	37.4	37.6	37.7	37.6
Professional and business services	36.4	36.5	36.4	36.4
Private education and health services	33.0	32.8	32.7	32.8
Leisure and hospitality	25.4	25.6	25.5	25.6
Other services	32.1	31.9	31.9	31.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.8
Durable goods	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.8
Nondurable goods	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)
Total private	$35.07	$36.23	$36.32	$36.44	$1,199.39	$1,242.69	$1,242.14	$1,249.89
Goods-producing	35.81	36.99	37.09	37.11	1,421.66	1,472.20	1,472.47	1,480.69
Mining and logging	39.67	40.26	40.29	40.43	1,753.41	1,803.65	1,784.85	1,811.26
Construction	38.26	39.44	39.60	39.69	1,488.31	1,538.16	1,540.44	1,551.88
Manufacturing	34.08	35.25	35.32	35.30	1,363.20	1,413.53	1,416.33	1,415.53
Durable goods	36.13	37.43	37.47	37.48	1,459.65	1,515.92	1,517.54	1,517.94
Nondurable goods	30.60	31.60	31.72	31.65	1,199.52	1,241.88	1,246.60	1,250.18
Private service-providing	34.91	36.06	36.15	36.29	1,159.01	1,197.19	1,196.57	1,204.83
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29.97	30.85	30.90	31.12	1,015.98	1,048.90	1,050.60	1,058.08
Wholesale trade	37.67	38.66	38.71	38.86	1,476.66	1,511.61	1,513.56	1,523.31
Retail trade	24.45	25.35	25.41	25.71	726.17	752.90	757.22	763.59
Transportation and warehousing	30.63	31.35	31.40	31.52	1,160.88	1,203.84	1,199.48	1,216.67
Utilities	51.03	51.85	52.00	51.87	2,153.47	2,188.07	2,199.60	2,194.10
Information	49.92	52.16	52.43	52.61	1,832.06	1,919.49	1,924.18	1,936.05
Financial activities	45.63	47.40	47.44	47.67	1,706.56	1,782.24	1,788.49	1,792.39
Professional and business services	42.21	44.00	44.18	44.36	1,536.44	1,606.00	1,608.15	1,614.70
Private education and health services	34.42	35.40	35.42	35.52	1,135.86	1,161.12	1,158.23	1,165.06
Leisure and hospitality	22.06	22.73	22.79	22.83	560.32	581.89	581.15	584.45
Other services	31.92	32.53	32.65	32.71	1,024.63	1,037.71	1,041.54	1,043.45
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)	Percent change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)	Percent change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)
Total private	115.6	117.0	116.7	117.1	0.3	193.8	202.7	202.6	204.0	0.7
Goods-producing	98.1	98.3	98.0	98.5	0.5	158.7	164.4	164.3	165.2	0.5
Mining and logging	86.5	87.6	86.4	86.9	0.6	137.8	141.5	139.8	141.0	0.9
Construction	110.1	111.7	111.4	112.0	0.5	183.1	191.3	191.7	193.2	0.8
Manufacturing	92.4	92.0	91.9	91.9	0.0	146.5	150.9	151.0	150.8	-0.1
Durable goods	90.8	90.1	90.0	90.0	0.0	145.8	149.9	149.8	149.8	0.0
Nondurable goods	95.0	95.2	95.1	95.4	0.3	147.6	152.6	153.1	153.2	0.1
Private service-providing	120.7	122.1	121.7	122.2	0.4	204.8	213.9	213.8	215.5	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	107.1	108.1	108.0	108.0	0.0	173.1	179.8	179.9	181.3	0.8
Wholesale trade	106.2	106.6	106.4	106.6	0.2	167.4	172.4	172.4	173.2	0.5
Retail trade	93.8	94.2	94.4	94.2	-0.2	151.7	157.8	158.6	160.1	0.9
Transportation and warehousing	145.1	148.6	147.8	149.4	1.1	226.0	237.0	236.1	239.6	1.5
Utilities	108.1	109.3	109.6	109.6	0.0	182.2	187.2	188.2	187.7	-0.3
Information	98.4	98.9	98.6	98.8	0.2	174.9	183.6	184.0	185.1	0.6
Financial activities	112.3	113.9	114.2	114.1	-0.1	199.8	210.6	211.3	212.1	0.4
Professional and business services	128.8	128.9	128.5	128.4	-0.1	220.2	229.8	230.0	230.8	0.3
Private education and health services	143.0	146.1	146.0	146.8	0.5	236.7	248.9	248.7	250.9	0.9
Leisure and hospitality	121.7	124.3	123.9	124.4	0.4	216.6	228.0	227.8	229.1	0.6
Other services	110.6	111.1	111.0	111.0	0.0	193.5	198.0	198.6	199.0	0.2
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)
Total nonfarm	78,842	79,557	79,584	79,644	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private	65,180	65,759	65,778	65,837	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,977	4,953	4,947	4,933	23.0	22.8	22.8	22.8
Mining and logging	86	87	86	85	13.8	14.0	13.8	13.8
Construction	1,173	1,198	1,199	1,198	14.3	14.4	14.4	14.4
Manufacturing	3,718	3,668	3,662	3,650	29.0	28.8	28.7	28.7
Durable goods	1,963	1,929	1,923	1,920	24.6	24.4	24.4	24.3
Nondurable goods	1,755	1,739	1,739	1,730	36.1	35.8	35.9	35.8
Private service-providing	60,203	60,806	60,831	60,904	53.3	53.2	53.3	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,237	11,257	11,251	11,257	38.9	38.7	38.7	38.7
Wholesale trade	1,864.8	1,881.1	1,877.1	1,874.8	30.4	30.4	30.4	30.4
Retail trade	7,456.3	7,450.9	7,453.0	7,459.5	48.0	47.8	47.9	47.9
Transportation and warehousing	1,760.6	1,769.5	1,766.2	1,767.9	26.4	26.3	26.2	26.2
Utilities	155.1	155.0	155.0	154.6	26.2	25.9	25.9	25.8
Information	1,171	1,177	1,178	1,183	39.9	40.0	40.1	40.3
Financial activities	5,096	5,083	5,078	5,086	55.6	55.0	54.9	54.9
Professional and business services	10,350	10,226	10,223	10,220	45.7	45.3	45.3	45.3
Private education and health services	20,364	20,906	20,953	21,001	76.8	76.6	76.7	76.6
Leisure and hospitality	8,783	8,899	8,895	8,902	52.3	52.3	52.2	52.3
Other services	3,202	3,258	3,253	3,255	53.6	53.9	53.9	53.9
Government	13,662	13,798	13,806	13,807	58.4	58.5	58.6	58.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)
Total private	109,602	110,722	110,733	110,756
Goods-producing	15,430	15,383	15,369	15,347
Mining and logging	480	462	459	454
Construction	5,986	6,034	6,037	6,037
Manufacturing	8,964	8,887	8,873	8,856
Durable goods	5,430	5,349	5,345	5,343
Nondurable goods	3,534	3,538	3,528	3,513
Private service-providing	94,172	95,339	95,364	95,409
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,476	24,655	24,654	24,673
Wholesale trade	4,857.2	4,897.9	4,890.1	4,885.5
Retail trade	13,320.1	13,376.8	13,377.3	13,397.5
Transportation and warehousing	5,828.4	5,907.6	5,913.0	5,916.1
Utilities	470.3	473.1	474.0	473.6
Information	2,356	2,347	2,347	2,341
Financial activities	6,907	7,005	7,009	7,018
Professional and business services	17,797	17,715	17,696	17,677
Private education and health services	23,150	23,894	23,950	24,010
Leisure and hospitality	14,636	14,820	14,810	14,801
Other services	4,850	4,903	4,898	4,889
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.7	33.6	33.7
Goods-producing	40.5	40.7	40.6	40.7
Mining and logging	46.7	44.6	44.3	44.6
Construction	39.8	39.9	39.7	39.9
Manufacturing	40.6	41.0	41.0	41.0
Durable goods	40.7	41.3	41.2	41.3
Nondurable goods	40.5	40.7	40.7	40.7
Private service-providing	32.5	32.5	32.4	32.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	34.2	34.1	34.3
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.1	39.2	39.3
Retail trade	30.3	30.4	30.2	30.4
Transportation and warehousing	37.5	38.1	37.9	38.4
Utilities	42.7	42.6	43.4	43.0
Information	35.7	35.7	35.4	35.7
Financial activities	37.0	37.2	37.3	37.4
Professional and business services	36.4	36.3	36.2	36.4
Private education and health services	32.1	31.8	31.7	31.7
Leisure and hospitality	23.9	24.3	24.1	24.2
Other services	31.3	30.9	30.9	31.1
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6
Durable goods	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5
Nondurable goods	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)
Total private	$30.17	$31.14	$31.26	$31.34	$1,016.73	$1,049.42	$1,050.34	$1,056.16
Goods-producing	31.18	32.31	32.40	32.43	1,262.79	1,315.02	1,315.44	1,319.90
Mining and logging	36.40	37.42	37.57	37.47	1,699.88	1,668.93	1,664.35	1,671.16
Construction	35.71	37.08	37.20	37.23	1,421.26	1,479.49	1,476.84	1,485.48
Manufacturing	27.90	28.87	28.96	28.96	1,132.74	1,183.67	1,187.36	1,187.36
Durable goods	29.47	30.48	30.56	30.57	1,199.43	1,258.82	1,259.07	1,262.54
Nondurable goods	25.49	26.40	26.49	26.48	1,032.35	1,074.48	1,078.14	1,077.74
Private service-providing	29.96	30.91	31.03	31.12	973.70	1,004.58	1,005.37	1,014.51
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26.03	26.67	26.84	26.98	885.02	912.11	915.24	925.41
Wholesale trade	31.25	32.07	32.24	32.52	1,221.88	1,253.94	1,263.81	1,278.04
Retail trade	20.91	21.46	21.55	21.65	633.57	652.38	650.81	658.16
Transportation and warehousing	29.20	29.81	30.00	30.17	1,095.00	1,135.76	1,137.00	1,158.53
Utilities	45.15	45.56	45.80	45.62	1,927.91	1,940.86	1,987.72	1,961.66
Information	40.75	42.61	42.82	43.06	1,454.78	1,521.18	1,515.83	1,537.24
Financial activities	35.79	37.23	37.37	37.57	1,324.23	1,384.96	1,393.90	1,405.12
Professional and business services	35.63	37.04	37.17	37.13	1,296.93	1,344.55	1,345.55	1,351.53
Private education and health services	31.56	32.58	32.65	32.77	1,013.08	1,036.04	1,035.01	1,038.81
Leisure and hospitality	19.57	20.10	20.16	20.23	467.72	488.43	485.86	489.57
Other services	27.61	28.44	28.51	28.55	864.19	878.80	880.96	887.91
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)	Percent change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)	July 2024	May 2025	June 2025(p)	July 2025(p)	Percent change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)
Total private	123.1	124.3	124.0	124.4	0.3	248.2	258.8	259.0	260.5	0.6
Goods-producing	95.5	95.7	95.4	95.5	0.1	182.3	189.3	189.2	189.5	0.2
Mining and logging	119.1	109.5	108.1	107.6	-0.5	252.2	238.3	236.1	234.5	-0.7
Construction	119.3	120.5	120.0	120.6	0.5	230.0	241.4	241.0	242.5	0.6
Manufacturing	83.5	83.6	83.5	83.4	-0.1	152.4	157.9	158.2	157.9	-0.2
Durable goods	83.0	83.0	82.7	82.9	0.2	152.8	157.9	157.8	158.2	0.3
Nondurable goods	84.3	84.8	84.6	84.2	-0.5	151.9	158.3	158.4	157.6	-0.5
Private service-providing	130.4	132.0	131.6	132.5	0.7	268.0	279.9	280.2	282.9	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	116.5	118.0	117.7	118.5	0.7	216.7	225.0	225.7	228.4	1.2
Wholesale trade	112.7	113.7	113.8	113.9	0.1	207.9	215.1	216.5	218.7	1.0
Retail trade	102.3	103.1	102.4	103.3	0.9	183.5	189.7	189.3	191.7	1.3
Transportation and warehousing	165.4	170.3	169.6	171.9	1.4	307.4	323.2	323.9	330.2	1.9
Utilities	102.7	103.0	105.2	104.1	-1.0	193.5	195.9	201.1	198.3	-1.4
Information	96.0	95.6	94.8	95.4	0.6	193.7	201.7	201.0	203.4	1.2
Financial activities	120.3	122.6	123.0	123.5	0.4	264.8	280.9	282.9	285.5	0.9
Professional and business services	144.6	143.6	143.0	143.6	0.4	306.5	316.3	316.2	317.2	0.3
Private education and health services	158.4	162.0	161.9	162.3	0.2	330.0	348.4	348.8	351.0	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	128.1	131.9	130.7	131.2	0.4	284.8	301.1	299.3	301.4	0.7
Other services	106.5	106.3	106.1	106.6	0.5	214.2	220.2	220.5	221.8	0.6
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.