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Economic News Release
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Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Dec.
2023		 Nov.
2024		 Dec.
2024		 Dec.
2023		 Aug.
2024		 Sept.
2024		 Oct.
2024		 Nov.
2024		 Dec.
2024

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

 205,022 205,521 205,598 205,022 205,222 205,338 205,444 205,521 205,598

Civilian labor force

 126,748 127,617 127,352 127,224 127,924 128,126 127,746 127,710 127,827

Participation rate

 61.8 62.1 61.9 62.1 62.3 62.4 62.2 62.1 62.2

Employed

 122,552 123,117 122,986 122,779 123,045 123,445 122,901 122,856 123,213

Employment-population ratio

 59.8 59.9 59.8 59.9 60.0 60.1 59.8 59.8 59.9

Unemployed

 4,196 4,500 4,366 4,445 4,878 4,681 4,845 4,854 4,614

Unemployment rate

 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.6

Not in labor force

 78,274 77,904 78,245 77,798 77,298 77,212 77,699 77,811 77,770

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 66,172 66,242 66,039 66,379 66,292 66,375 66,431 66,289 66,244

Participation rate

 69.7 69.9 69.6 69.9 70.0 70.1 70.1 69.9 69.8

Employed

 63,912 64,086 63,838 64,164 63,925 64,101 64,078 63,965 64,087

Employment-population ratio

 67.3 67.6 67.3 67.6 67.5 67.7 67.6 67.5 67.6

Unemployed

 2,260 2,156 2,202 2,215 2,367 2,274 2,353 2,324 2,156

Unemployment rate

 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 55,902 56,666 56,522 55,882 56,753 56,670 56,425 56,462 56,502

Participation rate

 57.3 57.8 57.7 57.3 58.0 57.9 57.6 57.6 57.6

Employed

 54,419 54,894 54,816 54,210 54,850 54,921 54,578 54,545 54,607

Employment-population ratio

 55.8 56.0 55.9 55.5 56.1 56.1 55.7 55.7 55.7

Unemployed

 1,483 1,772 1,706 1,672 1,903 1,749 1,847 1,916 1,895

Unemployment rate

 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

 4,674 4,709 4,791 4,963 4,879 5,082 4,890 4,959 5,082

Participation rate

 37.3 37.0 37.7 39.6 38.4 39.9 38.4 39.0 40.0

Employed

 4,221 4,137 4,333 4,405 4,270 4,423 4,245 4,346 4,519

Employment-population ratio

 33.7 32.5 34.1 35.2 33.6 34.8 33.4 34.2 35.5

Unemployed

 453 572 458 558 608 658 645 613 563

Unemployment rate

 9.7 12.1 9.6 11.2 12.5 13.0 13.2 12.4 11.1

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

 34,853 35,161 35,194 34,853 35,053 35,092 35,128 35,161 35,194

Civilian labor force

 21,955 21,938 21,822 22,092 21,974 22,052 22,086 21,952 21,971

Participation rate

 63.0 62.4 62.0 63.4 62.7 62.8 62.9 62.4 62.4

Employed

 20,896 20,588 20,593 20,943 20,630 20,790 20,821 20,556 20,640

Employment-population ratio

 60.0 58.6 58.5 60.1 58.9 59.2 59.3 58.5 58.6

Unemployed

 1,059 1,350 1,229 1,149 1,344 1,262 1,266 1,396 1,331

Unemployment rate

 4.8 6.2 5.6 5.2 6.1 5.7 5.7 6.4 6.1

Not in labor force

 12,898 13,223 13,372 12,761 13,079 13,040 13,042 13,208 13,223

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 10,229 10,255 10,137 10,296 10,156 10,342 10,330 10,267 10,207

Participation rate

 68.7 68.6 67.8 69.2 68.2 69.3 69.2 68.7 68.2

Employed

 9,771 9,666 9,587 9,815 9,556 9,809 9,745 9,655 9,631

Employment-population ratio

 65.7 64.7 64.1 66.0 64.2 65.8 65.3 64.6 64.4

Unemployed

 459 589 550 481 599 533 585 612 576

Unemployment rate

 4.5 5.7 5.4 4.7 5.9 5.2 5.7 6.0 5.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 10,964 10,974 10,928 11,015 11,073 10,941 10,993 10,953 10,986

Participation rate

 63.0 62.4 62.1 63.2 63.2 62.3 62.6 62.3 62.4

Employed

 10,483 10,336 10,386 10,484 10,462 10,356 10,444 10,301 10,388

Employment-population ratio

 60.2 58.8 59.0 60.2 59.7 59.0 59.5 58.6 59.0

Unemployed

 481 638 542 530 611 585 549 651 598

Unemployment rate

 4.4 5.8 5.0 4.8 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.9 5.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

 762 709 757 782 745 769 764 733 778

Participation rate

 29.8 26.9 28.7 30.5 28.4 29.3 29.0 27.8 29.5

Employed

 643 586 620 644 612 625 632 600 621

Employment-population ratio

 25.1 22.2 23.5 25.2 23.3 23.7 24.0 22.8 23.5

Unemployed

 120 123 137 138 133 145 132 133 157

Unemployment rate

 15.7 17.3 18.1 17.6 17.9 18.8 17.3 18.1 20.2

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

 17,896 18,213 18,174 17,896 17,973 17,902 18,107 18,213 18,174

Civilian labor force

 11,384 11,724 11,626 11,438 11,740 11,664 11,835 11,759 11,680

Participation rate

 63.6 64.4 64.0 63.9 65.3 65.2 65.4 64.6 64.3

Employed

 11,054 11,288 11,242 11,078 11,257 11,185 11,370 11,318 11,267

Employment-population ratio

 61.8 62.0 61.9 61.9 62.6 62.5 62.8 62.1 62.0

Unemployed

 330 436 383 359 483 478 466 441 413

Unemployment rate

 2.9 3.7 3.3 3.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.5

Not in labor force

 6,511 6,489 6,548 6,458 6,233 6,238 6,272 6,454 6,494

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table of Contents
Last Modified Date: January 10, 2025