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Economic News Release
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Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Sept.
2024		 Aug.
2025		 Sept.
2025		 Sept.
2024		 May
2025		 June
2025		 July
2025		 Aug.
2025		 Sept.
2025

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

 205,338 207,675 207,788 205,338 207,377 207,472 207,569 207,675 207,788

Civilian labor force

 128,149 128,535 128,595 128,126 128,538 128,514 128,628 128,386 128,553

Participation rate

 62.4 61.9 61.9 62.4 62.0 61.9 62.0 61.8 61.9

Employed

 123,659 123,515 123,958 123,445 123,605 123,899 123,864 123,581 123,731

Employment-population ratio

 60.2 59.5 59.7 60.1 59.6 59.7 59.7 59.5 59.5

Unemployed

 4,490 5,020 4,637 4,681 4,934 4,615 4,764 4,806 4,822

Unemployment rate

 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8

Not in labor force

 77,189 79,140 79,193 77,212 78,839 78,958 78,941 79,289 79,235

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 66,445 66,948 66,806 66,375 66,593 66,664 66,741 66,931 66,717

Participation rate

 70.2 69.8 69.6 70.1 69.6 69.6 69.6 69.8 69.5

Employed

 64,353 64,582 64,628 64,101 64,200 64,415 64,414 64,482 64,355

Employment-population ratio

 67.9 67.4 67.4 67.7 67.1 67.3 67.2 67.3 67.1

Unemployed

 2,091 2,366 2,178 2,274 2,392 2,250 2,327 2,450 2,362

Unemployment rate

 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 56,837 56,529 57,165 56,670 56,923 57,000 57,008 56,703 56,994

Participation rate

 58.1 57.1 57.7 57.9 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.3 57.5

Employed

 55,096 54,464 55,237 54,921 55,047 55,244 55,259 54,911 55,073

Employment-population ratio

 56.3 55.0 55.8 56.1 55.7 55.9 55.8 55.5 55.6

Unemployed

 1,741 2,064 1,928 1,749 1,876 1,756 1,749 1,792 1,922

Unemployment rate

 3.1 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

 4,867 5,059 4,624 5,082 5,023 4,850 4,879 4,752 4,841

Participation rate

 38.3 39.6 36.2 39.9 39.2 37.9 38.2 37.2 37.9

Employed

 4,209 4,469 4,093 4,423 4,358 4,241 4,191 4,188 4,303

Employment-population ratio

 33.1 35.0 32.1 34.8 34.0 33.1 32.8 32.8 33.7

Unemployed

 657 589 531 658 665 609 688 564 538

Unemployment rate

 13.5 11.7 11.5 13.0 13.2 12.6 14.1 11.9 11.1

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

 35,092 35,854 35,892 35,092 35,751 35,784 35,818 35,854 35,892

Civilian labor force

 21,974 22,525 22,510 22,052 22,174 22,161 22,071 22,431 22,582

Participation rate

 62.6 62.8 62.7 62.8 62.0 61.9 61.6 62.6 62.9

Employed

 20,780 20,714 20,868 20,790 20,843 20,650 20,484 20,744 20,885

Employment-population ratio

 59.2 57.8 58.1 59.2 58.3 57.7 57.2 57.9 58.2

Unemployed

 1,194 1,811 1,642 1,262 1,332 1,511 1,587 1,687 1,697

Unemployment rate

 5.4 8.0 7.3 5.7 6.0 6.8 7.2 7.5 7.5

Not in labor force

 13,118 13,329 13,382 13,040 13,577 13,623 13,747 13,423 13,309

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 10,355 10,672 10,594 10,342 10,409 10,473 10,346 10,646 10,590

Participation rate

 69.4 70.0 69.4 69.3 68.5 68.8 67.9 69.8 69.4

Employed

 9,849 9,929 9,928 9,809 9,869 9,752 9,623 9,893 9,889

Employment-population ratio

 66.0 65.1 65.0 65.8 64.9 64.1 63.2 64.9 64.8

Unemployed

 506 744 667 533 540 721 723 753 701

Unemployment rate

 4.9 7.0 6.3 5.2 5.2 6.9 7.0 7.1 6.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 10,906 11,026 11,071 10,941 11,016 10,883 10,941 11,000 11,099

Participation rate

 62.1 61.5 61.7 62.3 61.7 60.9 61.1 61.4 61.9

Employed

 10,346 10,167 10,252 10,356 10,332 10,248 10,247 10,260 10,269

Employment-population ratio

 59.0 56.7 57.1 59.0 57.8 57.3 57.2 57.3 57.2

Unemployed

 560 858 819 585 684 634 694 739 830

Unemployment rate

 5.1 7.8 7.4 5.3 6.2 5.8 6.3 6.7 7.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

 713 828 845 769 749 806 783 785 894

Participation rate

 27.1 30.9 31.5 29.3 27.9 30.0 29.2 29.3 33.3

Employed

 585 618 689 625 641 651 614 590 727

Employment-population ratio

 22.2 23.0 25.7 23.7 23.9 24.3 22.9 22.0 27.1

Unemployed

 128 209 156 145 108 155 170 195 167

Unemployment rate

 18.0 25.3 18.5 18.8 14.4 19.2 21.7 24.8 18.6

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

 17,902 19,408 19,519 17,902 19,291 19,294 19,313 19,408 19,519

Civilian labor force

 11,682 12,688 12,756 11,664 12,708 12,633 12,530 12,615 12,740

Participation rate

 65.3 65.4 65.4 65.2 65.9 65.5 64.9 65.0 65.3

Employed

 11,206 12,213 12,197 11,185 12,247 12,186 12,036 12,163 12,184

Employment-population ratio

 62.6 62.9 62.5 62.5 63.5 63.2 62.3 62.7 62.4

Unemployed

 476 475 559 478 461 447 494 452 556

Unemployment rate

 4.1 3.7 4.4 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.6 4.4

Not in labor force

 6,220 6,720 6,763 6,238 6,583 6,661 6,783 6,793 6,779

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
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Last Modified Date: November 20, 2025