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Economic News Release
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Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2022		 July
2023		 Aug.
2023		 Aug.
2022		 Apr.
2023		 May
2023		 June
2023		 July
2023		 Aug.
2023

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.7 4.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.0 6.6 6.7 6.9 6.7 7.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

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Last Modified Date: September 01, 2023