Table 6. Workers without flexible work schedules whose employers decided their schedules, and how far in advance they knew their schedules, by selected characteristics, averages for the period 2024-2025

Table 6. Workers without flexible work schedules whose employers decided their schedules, and how far in advance they knew their schedules, by selected characteristics, averages for the period 2024-2025
Characteristic	Total, workers without flexible schedules(1) (in thousands)	Workers without flexible work schedules(1) as a percent of total workers	Workers without flexible work schedules(1) whose employers decided their schedules
			Total (in thousands)	Percent of total workers	Percent distribution by how far in advance workers knew their work schedules
			Total (in thousands)	Percent of total workers	Total	1 day or less	2 to 3 days	4 to 6 days	7 to 10 days	11 days to 4 weeks	4 weeks or more
Age
Total, 15 years and over	65,612	43.3	54,334	35.9	100.0	7.0	3.3	2.5	10.3	7.0	69.9
15 to 24 years	8,786	39.0	6,814	30.2	100.0	4.6	4.2	4.5	14.6	12.1	60.0
25 to 34 years	16,622	47.0	13,605	38.5	100.0	6.5	3.5	3.4	11.0	7.1	68.5
35 to 44 years	13,534	40.4	10,958	32.7	100.0	5.1	3.3	1.7	11.5	4.9	73.4
45 to 54 years	13,008	45.3	11,806	41.1	100.0	10.6	3.2	1.1	7.1	5.3	72.8
55 to 64 years	9,892	45.4	8,178	37.5	100.0	7.0	3.0	1.6	8.8	7.6	72.1
65 years and over	3,770	39.5	2,972	31.2	100.0	8.3	1.4	4.4	9.9	7.5	68.5
Sex
Men	33,263	42.1	27,027	34.2	100.0	10.1	4.5	1.9	11.3	6.0	66.2
Women	32,349	44.6	27,307	37.6	100.0	4.0	2.1	3.1	9.4	7.9	73.6
Race(2)
White	51,421	43.8	42,984	36.6	100.0	7.2	3.2	2.3	9.0	7.1	71.2
Black or African American	8,728	44.5	7,396	37.7	100.0	8.2	3.7	4.1	17.2	7.4	59.5
Asian	3,560	34.6	2,705	26.3	100.0	2.4	2.8	1.5	9.9	5.1	78.2
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(3)
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	14,537	48.0	12,275	40.5	100.0	10.4	5.6	2.8	17.4	5.0	58.9
Non-Hispanic or Latino	51,075	42.1	42,059	34.7	100.0	6.1	2.6	2.4	8.2	7.6	73.1
Educational attainment (25 years and over)
Less than a high school diploma	4,124	54.8	3,496	46.4	100.0	19.9	3.9	4.9	18.0	1.8	51.5
High school graduates, no college	16,551	52.2	14,642	46.1	100.0	10.1	5.1	3.2	10.7	7.6	63.3
Some college or associate degree	13,162	50.0	11,141	42.3	100.0	6.9	2.4	1.9	10.6	7.3	70.9
Bachelor's degree and higher	22,988	36.3	18,241	28.8	100.0	3.2	1.9	1.0	6.7	5.3	81.8
Parent of a household child
Parent of a household child under 18 years	20,151	42.4	16,616	35.0	100.0	6.1	4.2	2.1	8.8	6.0	72.7
Parent of a child 13 to 17 years (none younger)	4,112	40.9	3,499	34.8	100.0	5.3	4.3	1.8	6.6	5.1	77.0
Parent of a child under 13 years	16,039	42.9	13,117	35.1	100.0	6.3	4.2	2.2	9.4	6.2	71.5
Not a parent of a household child under 18 years	45,461	43.7	37,718	36.3	100.0	7.5	2.9	2.6	11.0	7.4	68.7
Occupation
Management, business, and financial operations	6,917	26.5	4,878	18.7	100.0	4.1	0.3	2.4	5.3	6.6	81.3
Professional and related	19,351	44.4	16,059	36.9	100.0	4.1	1.7	1.1	3.0	5.7	84.6
Services	10,760	46.2	9,011	38.7	100.0	6.2	4.3	6.2	20.5	8.0	54.8
Sales and related	3,946	33.4	2,808	23.8	100.0	4.7	5.2	6.6	10.3	25.4	47.9
Office and administrative support	6,651	44.4	5,491	36.7	100.0	3.5	1.2	0.8	14.1	6.6	73.9
Farming, fishing, and forestry	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
Construction and extraction	3,503	59.9	3,036	51.9	100.0	28.3	10.1	1.3	14.1	9.7	36.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair	3,117	59.6	2,896	55.3	100.0	5.3	0.4	0.6	5.2	8.4	80.1
Production	5,219	60.2	4,743	54.7	100.0	6.9	6.0	3.1	13.0	0.3	70.8
Transportation and material moving	5,725	52.3	4,989	45.6	100.0	15.0	6.1	0.5	13.5	4.4	60.5
Industry
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
Construction	3,910	48.9	3,216	40.2	100.0	29.5	9.3	1.5	12.0	10.3	37.4
Manufacturing	7,867	48.8	7,028	43.6	100.0	6.5	6.4	2.4	12.1	2.6	70.0
Wholesale and retail trade	7,387	39.2	5,737	30.4	100.0	4.6	1.7	2.8	13.4	18.2	59.3
Transportation and utilities	5,114	55.4	4,422	47.9	100.0	12.6	2.1	0.6	9.8	1.3	73.7
Information	885	31.6	697	24.9	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
Financial activities	2,896	31.1	2,389	25.7	100.0	1.5	0.3	2.8	3.6	6.2	85.6
Professional and business services	6,308	30.1	4,971	23.7	100.0	6.7	4.2	2.2	13.9	3.4	69.6
Education and health services	20,478	54.2	17,296	45.8	100.0	3.0	0.7	3.2	3.4	7.2	82.4
Leisure and hospitality	4,908	37.3	3,848	29.2	100.0	11.6	9.1	3.6	34.2	7.2	34.4
Other services	1,557	27.9	1,339	24.0	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
Public administration	3,343	45.0	2,669	35.9	100.0	5.1	2.8	1.0	3.9	5.8	81.5
Class of worker
Private sector	51,315	40.2	41,833	32.8	100.0	7.8	4.0	3.1	12.2	7.7	65.2
Private, for profit	45,820	40.3	37,518	33.0	100.0	8.2	4.3	3.3	12.6	7.7	63.9
Private, not for profit	5,495	39.4	4,316	30.9	100.0	4.2	1.5	1.0	8.7	8.4	76.3
Public sector	14,297	60.0	12,501	52.4	100.0	4.5	0.9	0.4	4.0	4.5	85.8
Federal government	2,175	47.5	1,648	36.0	100.0	11.2	0.4	1.5	14.8	1.7	70.3
State government	4,372	53.9	3,731	46.0	100.0	5.9	0.9	0.5	1.8	6.9	83.9
Local government	7,750	69.5	7,122	63.9	100.0	2.2	1.0	z	2.6	3.8	90.3
Full- and part-time status (single jobholders only)(4)
Full-time workers	51,331	46.0	42,747	38.3	100.0	6.8	2.7	1.9	8.9	6.7	73.1
Part-time workers	9,432	34.6	7,488	27.4	100.0	10.2	6.5	5.1	19.0	8.0	51.2
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile	14,841	52.5	12,552	44.4	100.0	5.7	3.5	2.8	12.8	8.6	66.7
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles	15,290	54.5	12,859	45.8	100.0	5.3	2.7	0.5	7.0	7.3	77.2
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles	12,987	47.3	10,901	39.7	100.0	9.4	2.0	2.5	8.9	5.1	72.1
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile	8,213	29.5	6,436	23.1	100.0	7.5	2.5	1.8	4.9	4.4	79.0
Workplace flexibility(5)
Could work at home	12,218	21.9	8,828	15.8	100.0	3.9	1.3	0.7	3.0	5.3	85.8
Could not work at home	53,109	56.0	45,255	47.7	100.0	7.7	3.7	2.8	11.7	7.3	66.8
(1) Workers without flexible schedules were not able to vary or change the times they began and stopped working. (2) Estimates for race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to the total because data are not presented for all races. (3) People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. (4) Full-time workers usually work 35 hours or more per week. Part-time workers usually work less than 35 hours per week. (5) The subcategories do not sum to the total because a small number of workers did not provide this information. s - Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
Note: Data refer to wage and salary workers at their main jobs. All self-employed workers (including workers with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses) are excluded. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to workers 15 years and over.

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Last Modified Date: September 24, 2026