Table 2. Duration of employment relationship with a single employer for individuals who started jobs from age 18 through age 38 in 1998-2023 by age at start of job, educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Table 2.  Duration of employment relationship with a single employer for individuals who started
jobs from age 18 through age 38 in 1998-2023 by age at start of job, educational attainment, sex,
race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

          Characteristic                       Cumulative percent distribution of duration                     
                                                 of completed employment relationships                       
                                                                                                               Percent of jobs
                                       Less than     Less than     Less than     Less than      Less than       ongoing in 2023
                                        1 year        2 years       3 years       6 years        13 years       survey

Total, ages 18 to 24 in 1998-2009.....    61.4          79.2          87.2          95.2            96.8          3.2
 Men .................................    61.1          78.7          86.5          94.3            96.1          3.9
 Women ...............................    61.7          79.8          87.9          96.0            97.6          2.4
 White, non-Hispanic .................    60.5          78.4          86.6          94.8            96.7          3.3
 Black, non-Hispanic .................    66.9          83.6          90.3          96.7            97.7          2.3
 Hispanic or Latino ..................    58.6          77.5          85.8          94.5            96.2          3.8
 Less than a high school diploma .....    69.7          84.0          89.9          95.3            97.2          2.8
 High school graduates, no college(1).    60.8          77.5          84.8          93.4            96.2          3.8
 Some college or associate degree.....    62.3          79.6          87.2          95.8            97.1          2.9
 Bachelor's degree and higher(2)......    59.6          79.3          88.4          95.6            96.9          3.1

Total, ages 25 to 38 in 2005-2023.....    32.4          48.4          57.6          69.5            75.9          23.7
 Men .................................    31.3          46.7          55.4          67.4            73.7          26.0
 Women ...............................    33.5          50.2          59.7          71.7            78.2          21.4
 White, non-Hispanic .................    31.7          47.4          56.2          68.3            74.9          24.8
 Black, non-Hispanic .................    35.6          52.4          62.4          74.5            79.5          20.4
 Hispanic or Latino ..................    31.6          48.2          57.7          69.6            76.8          22.7
 Less than a high school diploma .....    44.3          60.4          69.1          79.8            85.1          14.7
 High school graduates, no college(1).    35.4          51.3          59.7          70.5            77.0          23.0
 Some college or associate degree ....    34.5          51.4          60.9          72.5            77.9          21.7
 Bachelor's degree and higher(2)......    26.4          41.8          51.0          64.3            71.8          27.6


(1) Includes individuals with a high school diploma or equivalent (General Education Development (GED)) credential
(2) Includes individuals with bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degrees.
NOTE: This table excludes individuals who had not yet turned age 39 when interviewed in 2023-24. The National
Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 consists of young  men and women who were ages 12 to 16 on December 31, 1996. Race
and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity groups are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive. Other race groups, which are
included in the overall totals, are not shown separately because their representation in the survey sample is not
sufficiently large to provide statistically reliable estimates. Educational attainment is determined during the month
of the respondent's 39th birthday.