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                             U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - SEPTEMBER 2021                              

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.4 percent in September, after decreasing 0.3 percent the previous month, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The advance in September was driven by higher fuel 
prices. U.S. export prices ticked up 0.1 percent in September following advances of 0.4 percent in August 
and 1.1 percent in July.  

Imports 

U.S. import prices advanced 0.4 percent in September following a 0.3-percent drop in August and a 0.3-
percent increase in July. The September rise was the largest 1-month increase since the index rose 1.1 
percent in June. In September, the advance was led by higher fuel prices; nonfuel prices were unchanged. 
The price index for U.S. imports increased 9.2 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel increased 3.7 percent in September, after decreasing 3.0 percent the 
previous month. The advance was primarily led by higher petroleum prices; natural gas prices also rose. 
Petroleum prices increased 3.9 percent in September following a 3.2-percent decline in August. The price 
index for natural gas advanced 3.2 percent in September following a 0.7-percent downturn in August and a 
36.6-percent rise from April to July. Import fuel prices increased 68.7 percent from September 2020 to 
September 2021, driven by a 70.5-percent advance in petroleum prices and a 61.7-percent rise in natural gas 
prices.     

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports was unchanged in September, after 
edging down 0.1 percent in August and ticking up 0.1 percent in July. In September, lower prices for 
nonfuel industrial supplies and materials offset higher prices for foods, feeds, and beverages; consumer 
goods; and automotive vehicles. Despite nonfuel import prices recording no change over the past 3 months, 
the index advanced 5.0 percent for the year ended in September.     

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages rose 1.3 percent in September 
following 0.6-percent advances in each of the previous 2 months. The September increase was led by higher 
prices for vegetables, fruit, fish and shellfish, and coffee.       

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 0.9 percent 
in September, after decreases of 1.4 percent in August and 1.3 percent in July. The declines in each of the 
past 3 months were driven by lower building material prices.          

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods categories were mostly up in September. Consumer 
goods prices rose 0.2 percent, after rising 0.3 percent in August, led by higher prices for other household 
goods and televisions. The price index for automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent, driven by higher prices 
for non-engine parts and accessories. Prices for capital goods were unchanged in September. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2020
September	0.2	-4.7	0.5	0.6	2.8	0.3
October	-0.1	-1.0	0.0	0.2	3.5	-0.2
November	0.1	4.4	-0.2	0.8	3.5	0.5
December	1.0	7.3	0.4	1.2	1.0	1.3
2021
January	1.5	9.0	0.9	2.7	6.0	2.3
February	1.2	10.9	0.4	1.6	2.7	1.5
March	1.5	8.0	0.9	2.5	2.4	2.5
April	0.9	1.9	0.8	1.2	0.7	1.2
May	1.3	5.2	0.9	2.3	6.1	1.8
June	1.1	(r)4.9	0.7	1.2	1.4	1.1
July	(r)0.3	3.0	0.1	1.1	-1.7	1.4
August	-0.3	(r)-3.0	-0.1	0.4	(r)0.9	(r)0.3
September	0.4	3.7	0.0	0.1	-1.7	0.3
Sep. 2019 to 2020	-1.3	-26.7	1.4	-1.8	1.4	-2.2
Sep. 2020 to 2021	9.2	68.7	5.0	16.3	27.4	15.1
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports rose 0.1 percent in September, continuing the upward trend dating back to last year. 
The price index for U.S. exports has not recorded a monthly decline since the index fell 3.5 percent in April 
2020. In September, higher prices for nonagricultural exports more than offset lower prices for agricultural 
exports. U.S. export prices advanced 16.3 percent over the past year. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports declined 1.7 percent in September following 
a 0.9-percent advance in August and a 1.7-percent drop in July. The September and July decreases are the 
largest 1-month declines since the index fell 2.2 percent in August 2020. In September, a 5.4-percent drop in 
soybean prices and an 11.9-percent decrease in corn prices more than offset higher prices for cotton, wheat, 
fruit, and vegetables. Despite the recent declines, export agricultural prices rose 27.4 percent from 
September 2020 to September 2021.                  

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices increased 0.3 percent for the second 
consecutive month in September. Prices for nonagricultural exports have not recorded a monthly decline 
since the index fell 0.2 percent in October 2020. In September, higher prices for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials and nonagricultural food more than offset lower consumer goods prices. The price 
index for nonagricultural exports increased 15.1 percent for the year ended in September.            

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials increased 0.9 percent in September, after a 0.6-percent advance the previous month. The 
September rise was led by higher fuel prices which more than offset lower prices for chemicals and 
nonferrous metals.     

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods categories fell overall in September. Consumer goods 
prices decreased 0.2 percent in September following a 0.3-percent drop the previous month. The September 
decline was driven by lower miscellaneous household goods prices. The price indexes for capital goods and 
automotive vehicles were unchanged in September following a 0.2-percent increase for capital goods and a 
0.1-percent advance for automotive vehicles in August.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China advanced 0.2 percent in September, after 
increasing 0.3 percent the previous month. Import prices from China also rose on a 12-month basis, 
advancing 3.9 percent for the year ended in September. Prices for imports from Japan were unchanged in 
September following a 0.1-percent increase the previous month. The price index for imports from Japan 
rose 2.3 percent over the past year. Import prices from Mexico and the European Union also advanced in 
September, increasing 0.7 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively. Prices for imports from Mexico rose 4.9 
percent from September 2020 to September 2021 and prices for imports from the European Union advanced 
5.5 percent over the same period. In contrast, import prices from Canada edged down 0.1 percent in 
September, after declines of 3.4 percent in August and 1.3 percent in July. Despite the recent decreases, the 
price index for imports from Canada rose 24.5 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China fell 0.1 percent in September following a 0.5-
percent increase in August. The September decline was the first monthly drop since the index decreased 1.2 
percent in September 2020. Prices for exports to China advanced 13.7 percent for the year ended in 
September. The price index for exports to Japan increased 0.7 percent in September, after recording no 
change in each of the previous 2 months. Export prices to Japan advanced 13.7 percent over the past 12 
months. Prices for exports to Canada rose 1.1 percent in September and prices for exports to the European 
Union increased 0.4 percent. In contrast, export prices to Mexico decreased 0.4 percent in September, the 
first 1-month decline since the index fell 5.2 percent in April 2020. Despite the drop, the price index for 
exports to Mexico advanced 26.6 percent over the past year. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China fell 0.4 
percent in September, the largest monthly decline since the index decreased 1.2 percent in September 2020. 
In September 2021, both higher import prices from China and lower export prices to China contributed to 
the decline. In contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan advanced 0.7 percent in September, 
after declining 0.2 percent in August and 0.3 percent in July. U.S. terms of trade with Canada and the 
European Union rose in September, increasing 1.2 percent and 0.3 percent, respectively. U.S. terms of trade 
with Mexico fell 1.0 percent in September, the largest 1-month decrease since the index declined 4.4 percent 
in April 2020. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 4.7 percent in September following a 6.0-percent drop the previous 
month. In September, higher European fares more than offset lower Asian and Latin American/Caribbean 
fares. Overall import air passenger fares advanced 15.1 percent over the past year. Prices for import air 
freight increased 4.7 percent in September, after falling 1.1 percent in August and 5.6 percent in July. 
Import air freight prices advanced 28.6 percent for the year ended in September. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares declined 8.8 percent in September, after rising 18.6 
percent from May to August. The September decrease was the largest drop since the index fell 9.5 percent in 
December 2020. In September, the decline was driven by a 16.1-percent decrease in Asian fares. Despite the 
drop in September, export air passenger fares increased 10.5 percent from September 2020 to September 
2021. Prices for export air freight advanced 0.8 percent in September and 4.3 percent over the past 12 
months.   
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for October are scheduled for release on Tuesday, November 16, 
2021 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2020 to September 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Aug. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2021	Sep. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021	Aug. 2021 to Sep. 2021
All commodities		100.000	134.2	134.7	9.2	1.1	0.3	-0.3	0.4
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.897	105.2	105.1	4.7	0.5	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
All imports excluding petroleum		91.160	119.7	119.8	5.4	0.7	0.2	-0.1	0.1
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		90.411	123.5	123.5	5.0	0.7	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.514	195.6	198.2	10.1	1.8	0.6	0.6	1.3
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.041	211.0	213.9	8.4	1.7	0.0	1.0	1.4
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.473	162.1	163.9	16.7	2.4	2.6	-0.6	1.1
Industrial supplies & materials	1	25.330	231.5	233.4	35.1	2.7	0.3	-2.0	0.8
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		16.723	199.5	198.0	20.8	1.7	-0.6	-1.3	-0.8
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		15.822	223.1	221.0	19.5	1.5	-1.3	-1.4	-0.9
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.233	222.3	218.0	17.3	1.2	-3.0	-2.5	-1.9
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		6.257	171.0	172.9	26.8	2.5	3.7	0.6	1.1
Fuels & lubricants	10	9.589	248.7	258.0	68.7	4.9	3.0	-3.0	3.7
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	8.840	264.7	274.9	70.5	4.8	2.2	-3.2	3.9
Crude petroleum	10000	5.708	270.3	284.0	75.4	5.8	2.1	-6.1	5.1
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.649	189.0	194.2	58.4	7.5	15.8	-0.5	2.8
Natural gas	10110	0.553	177.5	183.2	61.7	8.4	16.6	-0.7	3.2
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.520	127.4	127.5	17.4	3.4	3.6	0.9	0.1
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.989	186.6	188.5	24.5	1.9	2.2	0.8	1.0
Selected building materials	13	1.792	187.6	168.6	-9.7	2.1	-15.0	-15.9	-10.1
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	4.567	357.5	353.7	32.5	0.3	-0.9	1.2	-1.1
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	2.123	199.3	201.5	24.8	2.7	3.4	0.9	1.1
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.750	119.8	120.2	6.4	0.5	1.2	0.3	0.3
Capital goods	2	27.140	90.0	90.0	1.8	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.0
Electric generating equipment	20	3.312	122.4	122.5	0.9	0.0	0.5	0.1	0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	21.319	81.8	81.8	1.9	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.509	138.7	138.9	2.4	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.284	113.1	113.2	2.0	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	25.732	108.3	108.5	1.4	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.980	124.4	124.7	0.0	0.2	-0.2	0.2	0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	11.710	93.0	93.3	2.8	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.041	120.7	121.0	3.9	1.0	0.1	0.0	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2020 to September 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Aug. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2021	Sep. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021	Aug. 2021 to Sep. 2021
All commodities		100.000	142.6	142.8	16.3	1.2	1.1	0.4	0.1
Agricultural commodities		10.364	228.1	224.3	27.4	1.4	-1.7	0.9	-1.7
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		75.367	110.6	110.3	7.5	0.4	0.2	0.3	-0.3
Nonagricultural commodities		89.636	136.2	136.6	15.1	1.1	1.4	0.3	0.3
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.555	233.0	228.8	27.1	1.6	-1.9	1.0	-1.8
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	9.085	233.6	228.9	27.7	1.8	-2.0	0.9	-2.0
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.470	225.9	230.7	17.0	-0.6	1.2	1.8	2.1
Industrial supplies & materials	1	38.490	197.4	199.1	39.8	1.9	2.9	0.6	0.9
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.960	211.6	211.2	16.0	1.2	0.3	0.4	-0.2
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		27.530	189.7	192.1	52.3	2.3	4.1	0.6	1.3
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.253	201.9	203.1	25.1	-1.6	1.0	0.7	0.6
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		37.237	197.3	199.0	40.3	2.0	3.0	0.6	0.9
Fuels & lubricants	11	15.078	225.9	233.3	78.2	4.8	8.1	0.7	3.3
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	21.217	201.1	199.3	22.3	0.4	-0.2	0.6	-0.9
Selected building materials	13	0.941	153.3	154.5	26.1	0.9	1.2	0.3	0.8
Capital goods	2	31.898	114.1	114.1	2.3	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.0
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.290	122.7	123.3	2.3	1.6	0.0	0.1	0.5
Nonelectrical machinery	21	20.919	96.8	96.8	2.0	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	7.688	191.2	191.1	3.1	0.1	0.6	0.2	-0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	8.911	115.9	115.9	1.8	0.1	0.5	0.1	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	11.146	112.2	112.0	1.4	0.9	-0.2	-0.3	-0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.567	109.2	109.2	0.3	0.5	-0.7	-0.2	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	4.374	109.6	109.1	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.0	-0.5
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.206	102.3	102.7	10.0	4.3	0.2	-1.3	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2020 to September 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Aug. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2021	Sep. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021	Aug. 2021 to Sep. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		8.490	130.5	136.5	53.9	4.5	2.9	-3.0	4.6
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.006	195.2	202.4	9.8	0.2	0.4	4.1	3.7
Crop production	111	1.616	205.2	213.2	6.6	0.0	-0.6	5.0	3.9
Mining	21	6.484	125.9	132.1	73.1	5.9	3.6	-5.0	4.9
Oil and gas extraction	211	6.181	124.8	131.1	74.8	6.1	3.4	-5.5	5.0
Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec. 2020=100)	212	0.303	132.5	137.3	-	0.4	10.3	6.3	3.6
Manufacturing		91.123	118.1	118.1	6.1	0.8	0.1	-0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.318	132.2	132.8	5.8	1.2	0.7	-0.2	0.5
Food manufacturing	311	3.783	173.5	174.6	13.7	3.0	0.9	-0.8	0.6
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.164	132.5	132.7	2.3	0.5	0.0	-0.1	0.2
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.350	106.6	106.5	4.5	0.0	2.6	-0.2	-0.1
Textile product mills	314	0.932	111.1	111.6	5.3	0.9	0.7	0.5	0.5
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.537	113.6	114.0	1.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.4
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.552	126.5	127.8	3.1	0.4	1.5	-0.4	1.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	19.507	138.3	137.5	11.9	1.3	-1.2	-1.1	-0.6
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.125	155.1	127.2	-19.7	3.0	-20.6	-24.8	-18.0
Paper manufacturing	322	0.984	118.7	118.3	10.7	2.3	2.2	0.9	-0.3
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.873	114.9	116.1	57.7	2.6	2.2	2.6	1.0
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.948	149.6	150.0	9.7	0.9	0.3	0.5	0.3
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.416	126.9	128.2	5.4	0.3	1.3	1.3	1.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.981	134.4	134.4	2.9	0.4	0.7	-0.1	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	60.299	109.2	109.3	4.4	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	5.099	231.6	229.3	30.4	0.8	-0.6	0.2	-1.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.354	141.8	142.8	12.8	1.5	1.7	1.5	0.7
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.589	123.0	123.2	2.7	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	15.814	72.9	73.0	1.7	0.3	0.6	0.1	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.077	120.0	120.2	2.0	0.3	0.8	0.3	0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.530	112.3	112.4	1.9	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.703	118.7	118.7	3.4	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.134	120.5	120.3	0.3	0.5	0.1	-0.1	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2020 to September 2021 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Aug. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2021	Sep. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021	Aug. 2021 to Sep. 2021
Nonmanufacturing		14.353	179.6	182.4	62.3	2.3	5.1	1.8	1.6
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	5.451	202.7	198.0	34.1	-2.2	-2.5	1.7	-2.3
Crop production	111	5.085	213.3	208.0	33.9	-2.4	-2.9	1.7	-2.5
Mining	21	8.902	111.0	115.3	84.5	5.8	10.4	1.8	3.9
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.168	117.9	122.9	34.9	1.9	5.3	2.4	4.2
Manufacturing		83.707	126.9	126.9	10.3	0.9	0.4	0.1	0.0
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.789	163.4	163.0	17.3	3.4	0.3	0.4	-0.2
Food manufacturing	311	4.880	191.0	190.5	22.3	4.7	0.2	0.8	-0.3
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.570	135.6	134.0	7.5	-0.6	-1.1	-1.7	-1.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.025	131.0	131.1	25.2	0.8	0.3	-0.2	0.1
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.535	134.2	135.0	34.6	1.6	1.3	0.4	0.6
Paper manufacturing	322	1.478	136.3	136.5	15.7	1.6	1.5	-0.6	0.1
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.072	123.5	126.6	66.1	3.3	2.3	-1.4	2.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.006	138.7	137.2	17.8	-0.3	-0.9	0.4	-1.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.041	121.7	123.3	5.6	1.1	1.4	0.3	1.3
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.725	124.1	124.6	6.4	0.7	-0.1	0.5	0.4
Manufacturing, part 3	33	51.893	121.3	121.3	3.5	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.341	212.5	212.4	17.5	1.3	0.3	0.4	0.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.717	158.0	158.8	5.0	0.3	0.4	0.8	0.5
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.437	134.4	134.3	2.9	-0.1	0.5	0.6	-0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	12.264	83.1	82.8	0.6	0.9	0.5	0.0	-0.4
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.333	119.9	120.5	1.6	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.5
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	15.659	132.9	133.0	2.5	0.1	0.5	0.2	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.355	132.1	132.1	5.8	0.8	0.1	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.786	123.7	123.9	4.2	1.5	0.2	-0.5	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2020 to September 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Aug. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2021	Sep. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021	Aug. 2021 to Sep. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	1.490	226.7	227.7	19.8	5.5	1.6	-2.6	0.4
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.438	338.6	332.5	22.6	10.8	-0.9	-7.2	-1.8
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.767	155.5	158.7	22.6	3.8	2.7	-1.6	2.1
Vegetable products	II	1.993	225.0	233.1	5.9	-0.3	-0.5	4.3	3.6
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.339	398.6	422.8	-18.9	-1.4	4.8	-0.8	6.1
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.741	119.5	122.8	8.0	0.2	-4.0	9.1	2.8
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.405	260.2	268.5	19.6	3.5	0.4	4.9	3.2
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.409	143.9	146.8	62.9	5.1	4.2	-2.6	2.0
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.021	176.9	177.5	4.8	0.3	0.6	0.6	0.3
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.197	97.3	100.4	0.4	-0.6	-1.2	0.8	3.2
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.342	176.1	179.3	6.3	0.2	0.4	0.5	1.8
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.130	145.1	145.4	3.9	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.2
Mineral products	V	9.765	252.6	262.2	68.3	5.1	3.6	-2.8	3.8
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.331	246.7	256.0	69.2	5.2	3.3	-3.1	3.8
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.201	167.2	167.8	8.4	0.5	0.1	0.4	0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.678	411.3	408.8	52.8	1.3	7.6	-0.8	-0.6
Organic chemicals	29	2.347	140.4	141.9	16.2	-0.1	-0.7	0.8	1.1
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.961	151.3	151.3	-2.5	0.0	-1.1	0.3	0.0
Fertilizers (Dec. 2020=100)	31	0.428	170.5	173.7	-	10.0	5.0	-0.2	1.9
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.621	114.2	114.8	13.2	0.9	2.1	0.4	0.5
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.788	156.5	156.4	8.2	0.3	0.8	1.4	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.553	160.9	161.4	11.6	0.9	1.2	1.1	0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.235	150.4	149.1	1.6	-0.9	-0.1	1.9	-0.9
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.526	135.3	137.6	5.0	0.3	3.1	-1.5	1.7
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.170	227.6	186.5	-18.6	3.3	-19.4	-25.0	-18.1
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.147	159.0	129.7	-18.8	3.4	-19.8	-25.4	-18.4
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.008	124.3	124.5	11.7	2.1	1.8	2.1	0.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.649	111.3	110.5	6.3	0.8	0.8	2.8	-0.7
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.638	116.5	116.8	2.1	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.859	105.7	105.9	1.0	-0.4	0.0	0.6	0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.533	122.7	123.0	0.2	0.4	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.649	105.0	105.5	5.8	1.0	1.1	0.6	0.5
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.331	126.1	127.0	2.0	0.5	0.8	0.2	0.7
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.113	124.2	125.2	2.0	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.8
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.860	131.6	131.6	0.0	0.2	0.4	-0.7	0.0
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.308	98.3	98.4	-	0.0	0.8	-2.0	0.1
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.955	239.0	233.2	3.2	-1.7	-4.0	0.1	-2.4
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.318	220.7	222.4	29.7	2.8	2.5	1.0	0.8
Iron and steel	72	1.272	293.6	296.3	51.4	6.4	5.0	-1.0	0.9
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.871	180.5	183.2	25.1	3.3	3.9	1.7	1.5
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.560	411.2	410.2	36.1	-0.2	-2.6	-2.3	-0.2
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.192	182.6	184.0	39.3	3.4	2.3	2.2	0.8
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.419	125.6	126.2	2.9	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.5
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.529	142.9	142.9	7.5	0.4	0.7	1.3	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.784	80.7	80.8	2.3	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.895	87.0	87.1	2.4	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	13.889	74.8	74.9	2.2	0.1	0.7	0.1	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.596	116.7	116.7	1.7	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.429	116.0	116.0	1.7	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.0
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	1.072	100.6	100.9	-	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.016	102.3	102.3	0.0	0.1	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.747	98.4	98.3	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.035	113.0	113.2	2.0	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.2
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.500	120.0	120.3	3.1	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.3
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.275	101.6	101.5	-0.2	0.3	-0.1	0.3	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.260	129.6	129.8	2.4	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2020 to September 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Aug. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2021	Sep. 2021	Annual	Monthly
					Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021	Aug. 2021 to Sep. 2021
Live animals; animal products	I	2.160	269.9	270.7	32.3	5.9	0.8	3.4	0.3
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.375	225.4	224.6	37.1	9.7	-1.2	3.3	-0.4
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.288	123.1	126.2	20.4	-0.7	1.0	2.8	2.5
Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2020=100)	04	0.363	116.5	117.0	-	-1.5	8.8	4.6	0.4
Vegetable products	II	4.948	263.2	255.5	31.6	-2.1	-3.3	1.1	-2.9
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.923	146.1	148.0	17.9	0.0	-0.3	4.2	1.3
Cereals	10	1.502	294.9	278.3	45.5	-5.5	-0.6	0.2	-5.6
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.055	278.5	266.8	30.7	-1.0	-7.7	-0.8	-4.2
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.863	170.8	169.2	10.1	1.7	-0.3	-1.8	-0.9
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.575	104.3	103.8	4.2	0.6	0.6	0.5	-0.5
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.470	110.3	110.3	1.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.789	288.0	279.0	28.7	2.7	-4.4	-5.1	-3.1
Mineral products	V	14.950	270.8	280.0	76.8	4.7	7.0	0.6	3.4
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.559	129.2	127.8	26.3	-1.0	0.1	1.8	-1.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	14.225	259.7	268.8	80.6	5.0	7.4	0.5	3.5
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.084	154.5	153.2	11.7	-0.1	-0.7	1.6	-0.8
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.641	145.0	141.8	2.5	0.4	2.3	0.1	-2.2
Organic chemicals	29	2.808	180.0	179.0	30.2	-2.1	-2.0	5.1	-0.6
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.090	108.3	108.0	-1.3	0.2	-1.5	-0.4	-0.3
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.819	135.6	135.7	5.9	2.2	0.0	0.4	0.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.409	127.5	127.6	1.4	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.124	188.7	183.4	17.1	0.5	-0.8	0.4	-2.8
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.503	174.7	174.9	24.9	0.1	-0.5	-0.5	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.715	176.6	176.1	28.4	-0.2	-0.7	-0.6	-0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.787	158.2	162.0	7.9	1.5	0.7	0.3	2.4
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.633	129.4	129.9	31.5	1.7	1.3	0.3	0.4
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.889	146.7	147.1	19.0	2.2	3.1	0.2	0.3
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.754	181.2	182.3	50.3	4.3	6.3	0.9	0.6
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.900	131.0	131.2	7.2	0.8	1.5	-0.4	0.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.635	131.8	133.1	12.8	-0.2	1.9	0.7	1.0
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.554	145.1	149.1	34.1	-2.7	2.5	2.5	2.8
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.715	133.2	133.3	3.7	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.396	100.0	100.0	0.7	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.415	323.6	318.5	4.5	1.7	-2.2	-1.0	-1.6
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.966	200.8	201.9	26.6	1.6	1.5	0.5	0.5
Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)	72	1.262	153.6	155.2	-	4.1	6.3	0.7	1.0
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.648	275.0	271.7	40.5	2.0	-4.5	1.1	-1.2
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.860	140.7	143.4	39.0	1.4	1.7	0.4	1.9
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	25.400	99.9	99.8	1.7	0.4	0.4	0.2	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.233	119.1	119.3	3.1	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	10.166	79.3	79.0	-0.1	0.8	0.5	0.0	-0.4
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	11.511	141.3	141.4	2.6	0.1	0.6	0.2	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	7.454	118.9	118.9	2.5	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.466	111.5	111.4	0.9	0.3	0.4	-0.3	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.190	119.8	119.9	5.8	0.6	0.2	1.1	0.1
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.658	138.9	139.2	4.6	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.386	94.0	94.0	8.4	1.1	0.0	3.4	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: September 2020 to September 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2021	Sep. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021	Aug. 2021 to Sep. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	138.5	138.7	10.2	1.2	-0.4	-1.2	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	10.418	228.5	240.2	72.8	6.1	3.6	-3.1	5.1
Manufacturing	88.710	130.7	130.1	4.8	0.7	-0.8	-1.0	-0.5
Canada	100.000	166.3	166.2	24.5	3.4	-1.3	-3.4	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	27.779	226.0	237.6	75.2	6.5	3.5	-3.3	5.1
Manufacturing	70.894	153.2	150.0	9.7	2.3	-3.1	-3.4	-2.1
European Union	100.000	146.7	146.8	5.5	0.2	0.8	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	98.808	142.4	142.5	5.2	0.2	0.8	0.1	0.1
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	136.0	136.2	5.3	0.4	1.0	0.1	0.1
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	118.4	118.2	3.1	-0.4	0.5	0.3	-0.2
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	130.1	129.8	6.9	-0.9	-0.6	0.5	-0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	157.9	158.9	9.9	1.6	0.6	0.4	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	13.907	285.9	298.1	34.5	5.2	1.7	0.0	4.3
Manufacturing	85.829	128.7	128.7	6.6	1.1	0.5	0.5	0.0
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	133.9	134.8	4.9	0.6	0.2	0.8	0.7
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.135	149.4	159.4	25.6	-1.2	0.6	3.3	6.7
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.626	91.9	92.0	3.4	0.8	0.2	0.7	0.1
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	101.3	101.6	3.7	0.3	0.6	0.2	0.3
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	101.9	102.1	3.9	0.4	0.6	0.3	0.2
Japan	100.000	98.9	98.9	2.3	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.0
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	104.0	104.4	6.9	0.4	0.9	0.4	0.4
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	92.7	93.4	8.2	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	100.6	100.7	3.1	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	196.3	201.5	34.8	3.1	1.2	-0.7	2.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: September 2020 to September 2021 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2021	Sep. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021	Aug. 2021 to Sep. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	111.9	112.9	9.8	1.2	0.5	-0.3	0.9
Nonmanufacturing	12.218	128.8	131.7	48.0	3.4	2.5	-1.2	2.3
Manufacturing	86.183	109.9	110.7	5.9	0.9	0.2	0.0	0.7
Canada	100.000	116.7	118.0	14.3	1.0	1.5	0.0	1.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	9.840	133.2	136.5	-	1.2	3.5	-0.9	2.5
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	89.100	108.8	109.8	-	0.9	1.3	0.2	0.9
European Union	100.000	111.3	111.7	7.9	1.2	-0.2	-0.2	0.4
Nonmanufacturing	14.063	125.2	129.4	60.3	4.6	2.3	-1.8	3.4
Manufacturing	84.427	108.3	108.2	2.3	0.6	-0.6	0.1	-0.1
Germany	100.000	107.3	107.3	-0.6	0.7	-2.8	0.5	0.0
Latin America(3)	100.000	120.5	119.9	25.7	1.1	0.7	0.3	-0.5
Nonmanufacturing	10.715	171.3	171.9	71.9	0.1	6.6	3.3	0.4
Manufacturing	88.801	116.3	115.6	21.7	1.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.6
Mexico	100.000	122.5	122.0	26.6	0.7	0.2	0.5	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	9.118	164.8	166.9	74.9	-0.7	5.3	5.8	1.3
Manufacturing	90.541	119.6	118.9	23.5	0.9	-0.2	-0.1	-0.6
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	112.3	112.7	14.6	1.1	2.0	-0.2	0.4
Nonmanufacturing	18.515	126.8	126.9	51.1	2.1	6.7	-1.9	0.1
Manufacturing	78.485	108.3	108.7	7.5	0.8	1.1	0.2	0.4
China	100.000	109.9	109.8	13.7	0.8	0.3	0.5	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	15.153	114.1	111.7	42.1	2.5	-6.3	-1.6	-2.1
Manufacturing	82.382	109.9	110.3	9.3	0.4	1.4	0.8	0.4
Japan	100.000	112.1	112.9	13.7	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	23.514	127.5	127.0	52.8	2.2	-0.4	-3.5	-0.4
Manufacturing	74.407	106.2	107.6	5.1	1.1	0.5	1.2	1.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: September 2020 to September 2021(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Aug. 2021	Sep. 2021	Annual	Monthly
			Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021	Aug. 2021 to Sep. 2021
Industrialized Countries(2)	98.9	99.6	-0.3	0.0	0.9	0.9	0.7
Canada	92.2	93.3	-8.2	-2.5	2.9	3.5	1.2
European Union	102.1	102.4	2.3	0.9	-1.0	-0.4	0.3
Germany	104.3	104.5	-3.6	1.2	-3.3	0.2	0.2
Latin America(3)	113.6	112.4	14.5	-0.5	0.1	-0.2	-1.1
Mexico	118.0	116.8	20.7	0.2	0.0	-0.3	-1.0
Pacific Rim(4)	109.1	109.2	10.6	0.8	1.4	-0.4	0.1
China	108.0	107.6	9.3	0.4	-0.3	0.2	-0.4
Japan	108.2	109.0	11.1	0.9	-0.3	-0.2	0.7
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: September 2020 to September 2021 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2021(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2021	Sep. 2021	Annual	Monthly
				Sep. 2020 to Sep. 2021	May 2021 to Jun. 2021	Jun. 2021 to Jul. 2021	Jul. 2021 to Aug. 2021	Aug. 2021 to Sep. 2021
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	324.0	339.2	28.6	2.3	-5.6	-1.1	4.7
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.946	248.5	248.5	14.9	1.5	-0.6	-1.3	0.0
Asia	73.335	332.0	353.4	32.9	2.9	-7.9	-1.2	6.4
Export Air Freight	100.000	170.6	172.0	4.3	1.3	-0.8	1.1	0.8
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	28.784	146.0	148.5	-0.4	0.3	-0.1	-0.4	1.7
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	49.162	127.2	127.2	7.3	-0.5	0.6	2.9	0.0
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	245.7	255.2	22.2	2.9	-5.9	-1.2	3.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	24.206	173.5	173.7	10.4	1.1	-0.5	-1.1	0.1
Asia	69.385	251.7	265.6	27.1	3.9	-8.5	-1.4	5.5
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	153.9	150.2	4.3	-4.9	3.9	4.3	-2.4
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	31.151	164.4	167.7	-2.2	0.6	0.3	-0.1	2.0
Asia	47.489	146.9	136.9	8.1	-11.1	7.7	9.9	-6.8
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	160.7	168.2	15.1	9.6	0.9	-6.0	4.7
Europe	39.910	157.5	177.2	22.2	11.9	3.8	-7.0	12.5
Asia	30.901	175.8	162.2	-2.6	12.0	-4.5	-10.9	-7.7
Latin America/Caribbean	6.946	124.7	113.5	3.1	15.2	4.9	-11.1	-9.0
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	186.6	170.1	10.5	7.8	8.2	1.6	-8.8
Europe	26.010	202.2	203.0	30.0	4.2	11.0	-6.5	0.4
Asia	33.228	224.7	188.5	0.2	8.6	11.1	12.6	-16.1
Latin America/Caribbean	21.112	161.0	146.2	5.0	14.6	6.3	-4.8	-9.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
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