U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-22-0838
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, May 13, 2022

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov


                               U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - APRIL 2022                                

U.S. import prices were unchanged in April, after increasing 2.9 percent in March, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 
Statistics reported today. Higher nonfuel prices in April offset lower fuel prices. Prices for U.S. exports 
advanced 0.6 percent in April following a 4.1-percent increase the previous month.  

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports was unchanged in April, after rising 6.8 percent over the first quarter of 
2022. U.S. import prices have not recorded a monthly decline since the index fell 0.4 percent in December 
2021. Prices for U.S. imports advanced 12.0 percent for the year ended in April, down from the 13.0-percent 
increase recorded last month. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices declined 2.4 percent in April following a 39.2-percent increase from 
December to March. The decrease in April was the first 1-month drop since the index fell 7.7 percent in 
December 2021. Lower petroleum prices in April more than offset higher natural gas prices. Despite the 
decrease in April, import fuel prices rose 64.3 percent over the past 12 months. Petroleum prices fell 2.9 
percent in April, after advancing 19.4 percent the previous month. In contrast, natural gas prices increased 
6.8 percent in April following a 9.5-percent decline in March. Petroleum and natural gas prices rose over the 
past year, advancing 63.0 percent and 102.2 percent, respectively.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports increased 0.4 percent in April following advances 
of 1.2 percent, 0.9 percent, and 1.4 percent the 3 previous months. Nonfuel import prices have not recorded 
a 1-month drop since the index decreased 0.2 percent in November 2020. Higher prices for nonfuel 
industrial supplies and materials; capital goods; foods, feeds, and beverages; and automotive vehicles all 
contributed to the April increase in nonfuel import prices. The price index for nonfuel imports rose on a 12-
month basis, advancing 7.2 percent.         

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices increased 0.9 percent in April, after rising 
0.4 percent in March. Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages have not recorded a monthly decline since the 
index fell 0.1 percent in November 2021; the index advanced 12.1 percent for the year ended in April. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials rose 0.6 
percent in April following a 4.6-percent advance in March. Higher prices in April for steelmaking materials, 
fertilizer, and steel mill products more than offset lower prices for unfinished building materials and 
precious metals.             

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories increased in April. Import capital 
goods prices advanced 0.4 percent for the second consecutive month and the index increased 3.8 percent for 
the year ended in April. The 12-month rise in capital goods prices was the largest over-the-year advance 
since September 1992. The price index for automotive vehicles also increased in April, rising 0.3 percent 
following a 0.1-percent advance in March. Prices for consumer goods were unchanged in April, the first 
time the index has not recorded a monthly increase since February 2021.  

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2021
April	0.9	1.9	0.8	1.2	0.7	1.2
May	1.3	5.2	0.9	2.3	6.1	1.8
June	1.1	4.9	0.7	1.2	1.4	1.1
July	0.3	2.9	0.0	1.1	-1.7	1.3
August	-0.2	-2.2	0.0	0.2	0.9	0.1
September	0.4	3.6	0.1	0.3	-1.5	0.5
October	1.5	11.1	0.5	1.9	1.1	2.0
November	0.7	2.5	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.6
December	-0.4	-7.7	0.5	-1.6	0.7	-1.9
2022
January	2.0	7.3	1.4	2.8	3.0	(r)2.8
February	(r)1.8	(r)10.5	(r)0.9	(r)3.2	2.9	(r)3.3
March	(r)2.9	(r)17.3	1.2	(r)4.1	(r)4.3	(r)4.1
April	0.0	-2.4	0.4	0.6	1.1	0.5
Apr. 2020 to 2021	10.9	130.7	5.2	15.0	25.5	13.7
Apr. 2021 to 2022	12.0	64.3	7.2	18.0	20.9	17.6
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices rose 0.6 percent in April following a 10.5-percent advance from December to March. 
Higher prices for both agricultural and nonagricultural exports contributed to the overall increase in U.S. 
export prices in April. The price index for U.S. exports rose 18.0 percent over the past year. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports advanced 1.1 percent in April, after 
increasing 4.3 percent the previous month. Agricultural export prices have not declined on a monthly basis 
since September 2021. Higher prices in April for corn, cotton, meat, and nuts more than offset lower prices 
for wheat and soybeans. Prices for agricultural exports rose 20.9 percent from April 2021 to April 2022, led 
by higher prices for wheat, soybeans, corn, cotton, and meat.                        

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 0.5 percent in April 
following increases of 4.1 percent in March, 3.3 percent in February, and 2.8 percent in January. In April, 
higher prices for capital goods; nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials; automotive vehicles; and 
consumer goods all contributed to the rise in nonagricultural export prices. The price index for 
nonagricultural exports advanced 17.6 percent for the year ended in April, led by higher nonagricultural 
industrial supplies and materials prices.                  

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
increased 0.4 percent in April following a 20.7-percent advance from December to March. Higher prices for 
chemicals and nonferrous metals more than offset a 1.3-percent drop in fuel prices. Despite the April 
decline, export fuel prices rose 72.8 percent over the past year.           

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods categories advanced in April. Capital goods 
prices increased 0.9 percent following consecutive 0.4-percent advances in March and February and a 0.9-
percent rise in January. Prices for export capital goods increased 5.1 percent for the year ended in April, the 
largest 12-month advance since September 1982. The price index for automotive vehicles rose 0.8 percent 
in April and consumer goods prices advanced 0.5 percent for the same period. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China advanced 0.2 percent in April 
following a 0.5-percent increase in March. The April rise was driven by higher prices for fabricated metal 
products manufacturing. Prices for imports from China rose 4.6 percent over the past year. Import prices 
from Japan advanced 0.3 percent in April, after increasing 0.5 percent the previous month. Prices for 
imports from Japan rose 1.9 percent from April 2021 to April 2022. The price indexes for imports from the 
European Union and Mexico also increased in April, advancing 0.2 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively. In 
contrast, the price index for imports from Canada declined 1.4 percent, after rising 20.1 percent from 
December to March. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China decreased 0.3 percent in April, the first 
monthly drop since a 1.0-percent decline in December 2021. The decrease in April followed a 10.4-percent 
rise from December to March. Despite the April drop, prices for exports to China advanced 14.5 percent 
over the past 12 months. The price index for exports to Japan rose 0.7 percent in April following a 4.8-
percent increase in March. Export prices to Japan advanced 18.7 percent for the year ended in April, the 
largest 12 month increase since May 2021. Prices for exports to the European Union fell 0.6 percent in 
April, after rising 4.5 percent the previous month. The price index for exports to Canada increased 1.3 
percent in April and export prices to Mexico rose 1.4 percent over the same period. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China declined 
0.5 percent in April, after rising 9.0 percent from December to March. Higher import prices from China and 
decreasing export prices to China each contributed to the April drop in the U.S. terms of trade. Despite the 
April decline, the index for U.S. terms of trade with China rose 9.4 percent from April 2021 to April 2022. 
U.S. terms of trade with Japan advanced 0.4 percent in April following a 4.2-percent increase in March. 
U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 16.5 percent for the year ended in April, the largest over-the-year 
advance since a 17.1-percent increase in May 2021. U.S. terms of trade with the European Union decreased 
0.8 percent in April, after rising 3.1 percent the previous month. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 
Canada advanced 2.8 percent in April and U.S. terms of trade with Mexico increased 0.8 percent over the 
same period. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares advanced 3.6 percent in April following an 8.6-percent rise in March 
and a 6.1-percent increase in February. In April, higher Asian, Latin American/Caribbean, and European 
fares all contributed to the overall advance. Import air passenger fares rose 14.2 percent over the past year, 
the largest 12-month increase since September 2021. Prices for import air freight declined 4.6 percent in 
April, after increasing 2.7 percent the previous month. Import air freight prices advanced 6.5 percent from 
April 2021 to April 2022. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares ticked up 0.1 percent in April following a 7.0-percent 
advance in March. Higher Latin American/Caribbean fares in April offset declining Asian and European 
fares. Export air passenger fares rose 9.7 percent for the year ended in April. Export air freight prices were 
unchanged in April, after advances of 4.6 percent and 6.3 percent the previous 2 months. Prices for export 
air freight have not recorded a 1-month decline since July 2021 and rose 23.3 percent over the past year. 
The April 12-month advance was the largest over-the-year increase since the index rose 23.7 percent in 
August 2008.       
		
U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for May 2022 are scheduled for release on Wednesday, June 15, 2022 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2021 to April 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Mar. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2021 to Apr. 2022	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022
All commodities		100.000	146.8	146.8	12.0	2.0	1.8	2.9	0.0
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		81.051	110.4	110.8	6.9	1.2	0.8	1.3	0.4
All imports excluding petroleum		88.656	126.3	126.8	7.8	1.5	0.8	1.2	0.4
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		87.905	129.9	130.4	7.2	1.4	0.9	1.2	0.4
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.854	211.2	213.1	12.1	3.3	1.6	0.4	0.9
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.420	228.1	231.1	11.7	3.8	1.4	0.3	1.3
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.434	174.1	172.9	13.3	1.5	2.3	1.1	-0.7
Industrial supplies & materials	1	31.598	296.6	295.0	35.2	4.7	5.2	9.1	-0.5
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		20.180	233.6	235.4	23.6	3.7	2.2	4.1	0.8
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		19.215	258.9	260.5	21.1	3.4	2.5	4.6	0.6
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		13.398	257.3	257.2	17.3	3.7	2.6	6.2	0.0
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		6.856	202.1	206.9	33.9	3.7	1.7	0.0	2.4
Fuels & lubricants	10	12.095	379.9	370.7	64.3	7.3	10.5	17.3	-2.4
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	11.344	407.9	396.1	63.0	7.1	11.7	19.4	-2.9
Crude petroleum	10000	7.900	425.1	411.7	61.4	9.6	12.0	19.6	-3.2
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.636	259.1	273.1	92.5	11.3	-2.0	-8.3	5.4
Natural gas	10110	0.514	247.7	264.5	102.2	14.3	-4.3	-9.5	6.8
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.467	125.9	131.2	14.2	-0.3	2.0	-0.7	4.2
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	5.638	219.4	223.6	29.5	3.1	2.2	1.3	1.9
Selected building materials	13	2.231	246.3	231.8	2.9	14.7	2.9	4.5	-5.9
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	6.036	409.9	417.7	23.7	1.9	3.1	9.9	1.9
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	3.457	228.4	227.8	25.2	1.8	2.9	4.3	-0.3
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.674	125.4	127.0	10.0	1.1	0.2	0.5	1.3
Capital goods	2	24.899	92.1	92.5	3.8	0.9	0.3	0.4	0.4
Electric generating equipment	20	3.091	126.3	126.7	3.8	1.1	0.4	1.2	0.3
Nonelectrical machinery	21	20.264	83.6	84.0	3.8	0.8	0.4	0.2	0.5
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.543	141.0	142.2	2.7	1.1	-0.7	0.6	0.9
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	12.033	114.9	115.2	3.0	0.6	0.3	0.1	0.3
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	24.616	110.5	110.5	3.1	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.474	125.4	125.1	0.8	0.1	0.2	0.0	-0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	11.411	95.6	95.8	4.8	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	0.732	134.9	135.1	13.7	2.8	2.2	1.8	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2021 to April 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Mar. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2021 to Apr. 2022	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022
All commodities		100.000	159.3	160.3	18.0	2.8	3.2	4.1	0.6
Agricultural commodities		12.175	255.5	258.4	20.9	3.0	2.9	4.3	1.1
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		66.908	115.2	116.6	7.5	0.9	0.8	1.3	1.2
Nonagricultural commodities		87.825	152.1	152.9	17.6	2.8	3.3	4.1	0.5
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	11.156	259.1	261.4	19.9	3.2	2.8	4.7	0.9
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	10.676	259.8	262.3	20.3	3.3	2.7	4.8	1.0
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.480	250.4	247.7	11.3	1.2	3.7	2.5	-1.1
Industrial supplies & materials	1	44.779	240.7	241.9	35.1	4.8	6.5	7.7	0.5
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.757	231.4	235.5	15.8	1.7	2.2	4.0	1.8
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		34.022	240.1	240.2	43.0	6.0	7.9	8.9	0.0
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.470	236.8	242.9	24.8	1.0	3.4	0.7	2.6
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		43.310	241.0	242.0	35.5	4.9	6.6	8.0	0.4
Fuels & lubricants	11	21.936	324.8	320.5	72.8	10.1	12.9	13.5	-1.3
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.479	212.5	217.1	12.2	1.0	1.3	2.7	2.2
Selected building materials	13	0.895	168.0	172.0	16.1	1.2	2.1	4.3	2.4
Capital goods	2	27.086	117.4	118.4	5.1	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.9
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.004	130.2	130.8	8.5	1.8	0.5	-0.7	0.5
Nonelectrical machinery	21	19.684	99.6	100.5	5.2	0.8	0.4	0.7	0.9
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	4.398	194.4	195.2	3.0	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	7.109	118.9	119.8	3.8	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.8
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	9.870	116.3	116.9	5.4	1.1	0.7	0.9	0.5
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.229	110.5	110.7	1.4	0.5	-0.2	0.2	0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	3.727	112.6	113.9	5.2	1.4	0.4	0.8	1.2
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	0.913	126.1	126.1	31.8	3.5	8.0	5.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2021 to April 2022 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Mar. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2021 to Apr. 2022	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022
Nonmanufacturing		10.990	188.1	184.9	51.7	8.9	8.2	12.4	-1.7
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.231	219.1	221.2	15.5	7.4	2.2	-1.3	1.0
Crop production	111	1.810	228.8	230.1	13.3	8.9	0.8	-2.3	0.6
Mining	21	8.759	195.2	190.6	64.5	9.4	10.1	16.5	-2.4
Oil and gas extraction	211	8.503	195.8	190.9	65.4	9.9	10.4	17.1	-2.5
Manufacturing		88.620	125.6	125.9	8.6	1.3	1.1	1.9	0.2
Manufacturing, part 1	31	10.836	137.7	138.5	7.3	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6
Food manufacturing	311	4.072	187.4	189.6	14.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.2
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.049	134.0	134.6	2.0	-0.2	0.3	0.8	0.4
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.393	125.8	126.1	22.2	2.8	0.0	1.0	0.2
Textile product mills	314	1.435	111.9	112.0	3.5	0.5	-0.2	-0.4	0.1
Apparel manufacturing	315	2.764	115.7	115.9	2.5	0.8	0.1	0.0	0.2
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.123	127.4	127.8	2.9	-1.1	0.2	0.0	0.3
Manufacturing, part 2	32	21.085	157.6	156.7	16.2	2.7	2.4	3.6	-0.6
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.575	234.1	207.4	-0.6	25.4	3.0	7.8	-11.4
Paper manufacturing	322	0.915	117.4	120.3	8.9	-0.2	1.8	-0.4	2.5
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	3.111	170.8	166.8	67.0	2.1	11.1	20.2	-2.3
Chemical manufacturing	325	12.050	161.7	162.6	12.4	1.5	1.2	0.7	0.6
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.384	130.7	132.6	7.3	0.5	0.4	0.4	1.5
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.891	139.7	141.5	7.0	0.3	0.7	0.1	1.3
Manufacturing, part 3	33	56.699	113.8	114.3	6.4	1.0	0.7	1.5	0.4
Primary metal manufacturing	331	7.678	265.2	269.5	23.0	2.2	3.6	8.2	1.6
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.124	152.1	152.4	13.9	1.6	0.6	1.9	0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	6.545	126.3	126.8	4.4	1.0	0.4	0.5	0.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	15.280	73.7	73.7	2.2	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.0
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.136	126.0	126.7	7.1	1.5	0.5	0.7	0.6
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	12.498	114.0	114.1	2.5	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.748	126.5	126.6	8.0	0.5	1.9	0.0	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.691	126.0	127.2	6.3	0.9	0.3	1.6	1.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2021 to April 2022 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Mar. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2021 to Apr. 2022	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022
Nonmanufacturing		20.577	235.1	231.9	52.6	7.4	9.4	8.8	-1.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	6.978	240.6	241.5	26.9	4.4	4.9	7.0	0.4
Crop production	111	6.596	254.7	255.6	27.9	4.7	4.9	7.3	0.4
Mining	21	13.600	153.4	149.9	71.1	9.2	12.0	9.7	-2.3
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	12.108	137.7	132.0	-	11.3	13.2	9.3	-4.1
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.492	175.4	198.3	90.5	-4.7	2.3	13.7	13.1
Manufacturing		77.390	137.0	138.5	12.2	1.9	1.8	2.9	1.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.660	171.6	174.6	13.2	1.6	0.8	1.2	1.7
Food manufacturing	311	5.024	201.6	206.0	16.5	1.6	0.9	1.2	2.2
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.518	142.3	142.8	1.9	0.4	0.9	2.5	0.4
Manufacturing, part 2	32	26.944	152.1	153.8	22.8	3.2	3.9	6.7	1.1
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.506	143.3	142.9	12.3	0.0	-0.3	5.3	-0.3
Paper manufacturing	322	1.468	142.5	146.1	12.6	1.8	2.0	0.1	2.5
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	8.578	195.6	196.2	77.6	11.5	14.3	20.9	0.3
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.637	142.0	144.5	6.4	0.4	-0.1	1.0	1.8
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	1.947	129.8	129.8	10.2	0.3	0.4	1.6	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.662	130.0	133.4	8.5	0.7	5.7	1.6	2.6
Manufacturing, part 3	33	43.786	126.1	127.3	6.7	1.1	0.8	1.0	1.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.421	233.2	237.9	18.4	2.5	2.6	4.5	2.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.378	167.5	168.3	8.5	3.0	0.4	0.4	0.5
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.680	140.0	142.0	7.4	1.1	0.4	0.9	1.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	11.431	84.4	84.8	3.7	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.028	127.9	128.8	8.1	2.7	0.5	-0.5	0.7
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	10.571	135.7	136.6	3.4	0.7	0.3	0.5	0.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	3.986	132.2	133.1	10.4	1.1	2.5	2.0	0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2021 to April 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Mar. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2021 to Apr. 2022	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022
Live animals; animal products	I	1.561	247.5	248.6	17.3	0.8	4.1	2.1	0.4
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.462	354.1	345.9	9.6	-0.4	4.3	0.8	-2.3
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.812	174.7	173.7	20.0	2.8	3.9	1.9	-0.6
Vegetable products	II	2.199	250.7	253.9	12.9	9.3	1.1	-2.2	1.3
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.421	432.0	440.1	4.9	25.6	-8.9	-1.4	1.9
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.828	129.4	129.6	1.3	7.9	5.2	-5.7	0.2
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.425	311.5	324.9	44.5	1.2	3.2	0.1	4.3
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.447	161.2	166.0	30.8	-0.3	3.4	5.5	3.0
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.077	184.8	186.3	7.3	0.8	0.4	0.9	0.8
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.202	102.9	105.3	-	2.3	-0.1	0.7	2.3
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.195	102.8	102.4	4.5	2.2	1.4	-0.6	-0.4
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.026	147.1	147.8	2.0	-1.0	0.3	1.0	0.5
Mineral products	V	12.047	387.2	378.1	66.1	7.4	10.2	17.3	-2.4
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	11.689	382.2	372.6	66.6	7.7	10.6	17.9	-2.5
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.177	179.8	180.6	10.7	1.1	1.1	0.7	0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.737	538.9	554.3	51.9	3.0	2.2	0.7	2.9
Organic chemicals	29	2.563	149.3	149.7	10.5	1.2	0.1	0.4	0.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.173	150.9	149.7	-1.7	-0.4	0.3	0.0	-0.8
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.795	117.6	117.6	8.0	0.2	0.9	0.6	0.0
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.660	159.8	161.4	7.2	0.7	-0.1	0.2	1.0
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.576	165.1	166.3	9.2	1.0	-0.2	0.2	0.7
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.084	151.8	154.6	3.5	0.1	0.1	0.1	1.8
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.402	141.6	142.9	8.2	0.9	0.2	0.4	0.9
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.626	344.5	308.4	1.7	26.2	3.4	7.0	-10.5
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.592	242.8	216.9	1.8	27.0	3.5	7.1	-10.7
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.905	124.8	127.8	11.4	0.2	3.0	-0.4	2.4
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.615	117.4	119.7	13.0	3.0	5.4	-0.6	2.0
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.452	119.7	119.8	4.1	1.1	0.0	-0.2	0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.222	124.2	124.4	1.8	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	1.183	105.8	106.1	4.7	0.5	-0.3	-0.6	0.3
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	0.978	126.0	126.3	1.9	-1.6	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	0.803	123.3	123.4	1.0	-2.0	0.2	-0.2	0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.768	133.3	134.8	2.4	0.0	0.8	0.2	1.1
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.284	100.7	101.2	2.2	0.1	1.0	0.3	0.5
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.265	100.9	102.1	-	-0.3	1.2	0.0	1.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.859	254.0	252.4	2.6	1.8	3.3	6.7	-0.6
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.328	260.0	266.5	32.5	2.6	1.6	6.3	2.5
Iron and steel	72	1.216	348.8	381.0	50.3	1.5	0.4	9.5	9.2
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.860	210.3	210.8	30.4	3.9	0.6	2.1	0.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.533	438.8	451.4	12.3	1.8	0.5	4.6	2.9
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.220	224.8	222.4	36.9	2.7	4.0	9.1	-1.1
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.398	128.0	128.8	4.0	-0.1	0.6	0.3	0.6
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.502	147.8	151.2	9.4	1.0	0.3	0.3	2.3
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	27.162	82.2	82.4	3.4	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.2
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	13.962	88.7	89.1	4.0	0.9	0.2	0.3	0.5
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	13.201	76.2	76.1	2.7	0.4	0.3	0.4	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	10.537	118.4	118.4	2.2	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	9.781	117.6	117.7	2.3	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.669	102.8	103.2	2.4	0.8	0.0	1.1	0.4
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.638	104.9	106.0	3.6	0.9	1.0	0.8	1.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.432	100.8	101.9	3.6	0.8	1.1	0.8	1.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.065	118.2	118.1	5.6	0.5	0.9	0.5	-0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.468	126.3	126.4	6.9	0.5	1.3	0.0	0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.343	104.5	104.2	3.1	0.3	0.0	1.5	-0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.254	137.1	137.6	7.2	2.3	2.5	0.0	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2021 to April 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Mar. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Apr. 2021 to Apr. 2022	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022
Live animals; animal products	I	2.232	282.5	289.7	19.9	0.5	1.1	0.5	2.5
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.417	229.7	234.6	18.7	0.0	1.1	-0.2	2.1
Vegetable products	II	6.432	309.6	310.2	24.6	5.0	4.3	8.0	0.2
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.894	141.4	143.6	0.8	-1.3	-3.0	-1.5	1.6
Cereals	10	2.063	367.4	370.4	45.4	1.9	2.1	16.5	0.8
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.915	334.6	331.6	18.5	9.6	9.2	6.4	-0.9
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.837	179.7	180.7	7.0	2.4	0.4	2.0	0.6
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.550	105.1	106.2	4.6	1.5	0.4	-0.2	1.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.450	109.9	109.6	-0.9	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.3
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.879	320.5	323.4	8.7	5.0	1.3	3.6	0.9
Mineral products	V	22.180	394.8	388.9	72.9	10.0	12.8	13.7	-1.5
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.604	154.6	161.5	33.8	0.8	1.5	5.3	4.5
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	21.409	381.4	375.0	74.9	10.4	13.2	14.1	-1.7
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.026	162.5	165.4	11.2	1.3	0.5	0.6	1.8
Organic chemicals	29	2.654	194.2	201.8	13.6	-0.2	1.8	2.4	3.9
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.029	108.0	108.2	-1.6	0.3	-0.6	0.0	0.2
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.763	140.5	140.1	6.5	1.8	-0.2	0.6	-0.3
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.407	130.8	132.0	4.9	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.9
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.109	188.0	186.3	11.8	2.8	0.1	-1.0	-0.9
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.057	176.8	177.4	1.5	-1.3	-0.5	2.5	0.3
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.371	177.9	178.4	0.5	-1.5	-0.6	2.9	0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.686	164.9	165.5	7.5	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.4
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.615	139.9	139.9	14.1	0.5	0.9	5.4	0.0
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.735	149.8	152.9	12.1	1.0	2.3	0.5	2.1
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.652	174.2	177.0	15.2	-0.7	4.2	1.2	1.6
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.885	140.8	144.9	12.5	2.6	1.5	0.1	2.9
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.618	149.8	154.0	22.4	2.8	2.7	-0.2	2.8
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.657	189.2	201.1	49.1	4.6	5.1	-1.3	6.3
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.630	140.8	143.7	7.4	1.4	5.4	0.6	2.1
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.369	104.7	106.0	6.3	0.0	5.3	0.6	1.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.079	347.3	350.2	10.0	0.1	4.9	6.7	0.8
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.673	227.0	232.5	22.2	3.8	1.9	2.7	2.4
Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)	72	1.408	192.0	198.1	47.1	4.6	2.8	5.7	3.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.582	291.5	296.9	15.0	4.8	0.8	2.7	1.9
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.840	163.8	173.5	28.3	2.8	3.9	3.3	5.9
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	22.442	103.0	103.8	5.1	1.0	0.5	0.6	0.8
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	12.983	123.5	124.7	5.9	1.0	0.5	1.0	1.0
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	9.459	81.2	81.7	4.1	1.0	0.4	0.1	0.6
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	7.831	144.9	146.1	4.5	0.7	0.2	0.6	0.8
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	5.873	121.7	122.8	4.2	0.6	0.1	0.6	0.9
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.941	113.7	114.6	3.6	0.2	1.0	0.5	0.8
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.013	124.6	128.8	10.2	1.9	0.0	0.6	3.4
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.535	143.1	151.8	10.2	0.7	-0.1	0.0	6.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.337	98.9	99.3	10.8	4.8	0.0	0.0	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: April 2021 to April 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Mar. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	Annual	Monthly
				Apr. 2021 to Apr. 2022	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	155.3	154.8	13.3	2.8	2.8	3.9	-0.3
Nonmanufacturing	14.613	338.8	332.3	62.1	9.2	11.1	13.2	-1.9
Manufacturing	84.354	140.6	140.3	7.6	2.2	1.7	2.3	-0.2
Canada	100.000	208.4	205.4	27.6	6.3	5.0	7.6	-1.4
Nonmanufacturing	36.724	338.3	331.9	64.1	9.8	11.4	13.4	-1.9
Manufacturing	61.954	175.5	173.1	13.3	5.0	1.9	4.2	-1.4
European Union	100.000	152.0	152.3	5.8	0.9	1.3	1.3	0.2
Manufacturing	98.640	147.2	147.4	5.5	0.8	1.3	1.3	0.1
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	142.5	142.4	6.7	0.6	1.0	1.9	-0.1
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	122.0	122.5	4.1	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.4
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	138.8	137.3	5.7	1.7	0.8	3.4	-1.1
Latin America(3)	100.000	171.8	173.2	13.7	2.3	1.3	2.4	0.8
Nonmanufacturing	17.863	367.8	370.2	38.7	8.2	4.5	7.9	0.7
Manufacturing	81.871	135.6	136.7	9.5	1.3	0.6	1.3	0.8
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	141.9	142.7	8.2	2.2	1.0	1.3	0.6
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	11.788	192.3	197.3	27.3	14.1	7.2	7.9	2.6
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	87.948	95.0	95.3	5.9	1.1	0.2	0.4	0.3
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	105.0	105.3	5.6	0.8	0.3	0.9	0.3
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	104.6	104.8	4.6	0.5	0.2	0.5	0.2
Japan	100.000	99.9	100.2	1.9	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.3
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	110.4	111.5	9.7	1.4	0.6	1.1	1.0
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	99.9	100.2	11.7	1.9	1.0	2.6	0.3
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	104.1	105.2	6.4	0.2	0.8	1.3	1.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	255.7	253.8	37.9	4.3	4.0	11.7	-0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: April 2021 to April 2022 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Mar. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	Annual	Monthly
				Apr. 2021 to Apr. 2022	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	123.9	125.2	15.2	2.5	2.3	3.3	1.0
Nonmanufacturing	17.697	179.0	178.7	53.3	8.9	8.5	11.9	-0.2
Manufacturing	80.527	116.7	118.3	9.8	1.4	1.1	1.6	1.4
Canada	100.000	128.7	130.4	16.1	3.0	2.3	2.7	1.3
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	13.256	179.1	179.9	48.1	9.5	10.2	8.0	0.4
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	85.266	116.8	118.5	12.6	2.3	1.2	1.9	1.5
European Union	100.000	123.1	122.3	11.9	3.0	1.6	4.5	-0.6
Nonmanufacturing	22.216	177.8	172.3	51.5	8.9	6.6	15.2	-3.1
Manufacturing	76.112	113.2	113.2	5.1	1.7	0.3	1.9	0.0
Germany	100.000	112.0	113.0	4.2	2.1	0.6	1.5	0.9
Latin America(3)	100.000	139.1	139.6	24.5	4.5	4.4	5.6	0.4
Nonmanufacturing	12.589	211.0	216.5	54.2	6.4	11.0	2.5	2.6
Manufacturing	86.866	133.0	133.2	21.3	4.3	3.4	6.1	0.2
Mexico	100.000	135.8	137.7	22.8	3.3	4.1	3.7	1.4
Nonmanufacturing	10.490	187.3	203.8	58.7	1.3	20.8	-2.7	8.8
Manufacturing	89.105	132.2	132.9	19.6	3.5	2.4	4.5	0.5
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	123.1	123.5	15.1	1.7	2.5	3.5	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	28.383	163.5	159.7	44.3	3.6	6.1	10.0	-2.3
Manufacturing	69.209	112.6	114.1	7.9	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.3
China	100.000	122.2	121.8	14.5	2.4	2.8	4.8	-0.3
Nonmanufacturing	37.908	150.8	145.3	31.9	6.0	8.3	12.4	-3.6
Manufacturing	60.446	111.7	113.6	6.2	0.6	-0.1	0.6	1.7
Japan	100.000	126.8	127.7	18.7	4.0	2.7	4.8	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	34.143	181.7	177.1	52.0	11.0	7.4	14.3	-2.5
Manufacturing	64.105	108.8	111.7	8.8	1.1	0.4	0.1	2.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: April 2021 to April 2022(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	Annual	Monthly
			Apr. 2021 to Apr. 2022	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	97.7	99.0	1.6	-0.3	-0.5	-0.6	1.3
Canada	81.1	83.4	-9.1	-3.0	-2.6	-4.6	2.8
European Union	109.0	108.1	5.8	2.1	0.3	3.1	-0.8
Germany	105.7	106.2	0.2	1.3	-0.2	0.9	0.5
Latin America(3)	120.6	120.0	9.5	2.2	3.1	3.2	-0.5
Mexico	123.5	124.5	13.6	1.0	3.1	2.5	0.8
Pacific Rim(4)	115.4	115.4	9.0	0.9	2.2	2.7	0.0
China	116.9	116.3	9.4	2.0	2.6	4.3	-0.5
Japan	121.2	121.7	16.5	3.8	2.6	4.2	0.4
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: April 2021 to April 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Mar. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Mar. 2022	Apr. 2022	Annual	Monthly
				Apr. 2021 to Apr. 2022	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022	Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	359.5	342.8	6.5	6.3	-8.8	2.7	-4.6
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.665	304.4	321.6	29.5	-8.2	1.2	3.5	5.7
Asia	74.335	355.5	326.3	-0.7	11.5	-11.7	2.4	-8.2
Export Air Freight	100.000	206.6	206.6	23.3	1.7	6.3	4.6	0.0
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	27.357	165.0	166.8	15.8	-1.7	9.0	-2.6	1.1
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	51.756	167.3	164.6	33.9	0.7	6.9	10.6	-1.6
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	271.9	261.3	7.9	7.0	-8.5	0.4	-3.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	24.860	218.7	214.3	23.5	-3.8	1.4	7.0	-2.0
Asia	66.246	273.5	257.2	4.6	10.7	-11.4	-1.2	-6.0
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	211.7	221.2	36.4	5.4	-8.0	3.2	4.5
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	26.875	181.8	200.2	23.6	-6.2	13.6	-5.3	10.1
Asia	56.110	244.6	252.6	52.4	9.6	-18.9	8.7	3.3
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	162.2	168.1	14.2	-19.4	6.1	8.6	3.6
Europe	38.595	181.2	185.2	26.5	-6.4	2.8	9.3	2.2
Asia	20.303	168.9	183.1	14.2	-23.2	19.4	7.9	8.4
Latin America/Caribbean	11.953	124.5	133.6	20.3	-34.2	3.6	13.4	7.3
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	175.6	175.8	9.7	7.7	-11.2	7.0	0.1
Europe	26.407	207.3	205.8	12.0	-0.2	-5.8	7.4	-0.7
Asia	26.917	217.7	186.2	9.0	10.7	2.2	2.3	-14.5
Latin America/Caribbean	28.347	150.7	169.6	16.9	18.6	-26.1	12.0	12.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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