April 2019 Report 1081

A pilot study of job-transfer or work-restriction cases, 2014–16

Since 1992, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has reported numbers and rates of cases of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses resulting in workers taking days away from work, workers taking days of job transfer or restriction, and other case types. However, the details reported for the case circumstances (such as the type of injury) and worker characteristics (such as the age of the worker) were collected solely for cases resulting in days away from work. For days of job transfer or restriction cases, only industry-level summary statistics were reported. Over time, cases of job transfer or restriction have become more prevalent. In 1992, an estimated 622,300 days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction cases accounted for 21 percent of the total days away from work, restricted activity, or job transfer (DART) cases. (See chart 1.) In 2016, an estimated 655,600 days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction cases accounted for 42 percent of the total DART cases. The total number of DART cases in 2016 has decreased from the number reported in 1992 primarily due to a decrease in the number of days-away-from-work cases.

To learn more about case circumstances and worker characteristics for occupational injuries and illnesses that resulted in days of job transfer or work restriction, BLS conducted a pilot study. The initial study, focusing on six private industry subsectors, began with the collection of 2011–13 data (https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/job-transfer-or-work-restriction/archive/a-pilot-study-of-job-transfer-or-work-restriction-cases-2011-2013.pdf ).¹ A new set of six industries was selected for collection from 2014 through 2016.² These six industry subsectors included:

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing
General merchandise stores
Couriers and messengers
Waste management and remediation services
Hospitals
Accommodation

This new study compares the case circumstances and worker characteristics of injuries and illnesses that require days away from work (DAFW) to recuperate and those that lead to days of job transfer or restriction only (DJTR) without time away from work for these industries.³ Industry subsectors that had relatively high incidence rates and case counts of DJTR were selected so that meaningful comparisons could be made to cases resulting in DAFW.

View Chart Data

Chart 1. Case counts of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, by private industry 1992–2016
Year	Days away from work	Days of job transfer or work restriction
1992	2,331.1	622.3
1993	2,252.5	714.9
1994	2,236.6	824.4
1995	2,040.9	931.2
1996	1,880.6	951.9
1997	1,833.4	1,032.8
1998	1,730.5	1,050.2
1999	1,702.5	1,040.3
2000	1,664.0	1,088.1
2001	1,537.6	1,021.5
2002	1,436.2	1,058.2
2003	1,315.9	986.0
2004	1,259.3	965.7
2005	1,234.7	950.1
2006	1,183.5	931.1
2007	1,158.9	877.2
2008	1,078.1	822.6
2009	965.0	702.4
2010	933.2	664.9
2011	918.2	642.8
2012	918.7	663.0
2013	917.1	655.6
2014	916.4	663.6
2015	902.2	669.8
2016	892.3	655.6
Note: Occupational Safety and Health Administration revised their recordkeeping rule that took effect January 1, 2002. https://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_RecordkeepingFacts/RKfactsheet1.pdf. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

For this pilot study, establishments in six selected private industry subsectors were asked to provide details from injuries and illnesses cases that led only to job transfer or restricted work in addition to the normally collected information on DAFW cases. Integrating the pilot study into the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) ensured that survey questions related to DJTR cases are the same questions that are asked for DAFW cases. This information includes details about the type of event or exposure leading to the injury or illness, including related equipment or substances; the type of injury or illness, the part of body affected; and various characteristics of the injured or ill worker such as occupation, age, and sex.⁴

Three types of cases are discussed in this report to give context to the magnitudes and rates of occupational injuries and illnesses:

DART Days away from work, days of restricted work activity or job transfer

DJTR Days of job transfer or restriction (only)
DAFW Days away from work (with or without days of job transfer or restriction)

DART cases are the sum of DJTR and DAFW components. That is, DART = DJTR + DAFW.

Highlights

Generally, DJTR cases are considered less severe than DAFW cases. In some industry subsectors, the type of injury or part of body affected may influence whether or not a case results in days away from work or in job transfer or restriction. The occupational mix in a given subsector, or the age of the worker, may also affect the case type. Some general highlights include the following:

The DJTR incidence rates were essentially the same in 2016 as in 2014 for cases in general merchandise stores, waste management and remediation services, and accommodation industry subsectors. (See chart 2 and table 6a, 6b, and 6c.)
In the beverage and tobacco product manufacturing and hospitals industry subsectors, the respective DJTR incidence rates were lower in 2016 than they were in 2014. The 2016 DJTR incidence rate was higher in 2016 than in 2014 for couriers and messengers. (See chart 2 and table 6a, 6b, and 6c.)
The DAFW incidence rates were lower in 2016 than they were in 2014 for waste management and remediation; accommodations; beverage and tobacco product manufacturing; and hospitals. (See chart 2 and table 6a, 6b, and 6c.)
In beverage and tobacco product manufacturing, injuries and illnesses sustained by workers in age groups 25 to 44 more often resulted in DJTR cases than DAFW cases in 2016; however, for older age groups, there were either an equal or greater number of DAFW cases than DJTR cases. (See table 2a.)

View Chart Data

Chart 2. Incidence rates of occupational injuries and illnesses resulting in days away from work and days of job transfer or restriction, selected private industry subsectors, 2014–16
Selected industry subsector	2014 DAFW	2015 DAFW	2016 DAFW	2014 DJTR	2015 DJTR	2016 DJTR
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	164.3	139.3	123.6	231.6	238.9	196.6
General merchandise stores	116.1	112.1	111.4	161.2	153.2	158.4
Couriers and messengers	305.2	296.3	281.6	219.5	236.5	267.1
Waste management and remediation services	222.6	186.7	166.2	116.9	115	97.9
Hospitals	148.1	139.5	134.3	103	101	100
Accommodation	144.9	150.2	126.5	121.3	128.3	114.9
Note: DJTR = Days of job transfer or work restriction. DAFW = Days away from work. FTE = Full-time equivalent worker. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

In 2016, the most prevalent nature of injury or illness was sprains, strains, and tears for both DJTR and DAFW cases across all six industry subsectors. (See tables 1a, 1b, 3a and 3b.)
Across all six industry subsectors, fractures and injuries to the head occurred at higher incidence rates of DAFW cases than DJTR cases. (See chart 3, and tables 1a, 1b, 3a and 3b.)
Although the DJTR and DAFW rates were essentially the same for couriers and messengers, the 2016 DJTR rate for hand injuries was greater than that for the DAFW rate. (See chart 3 and table 3a and 3b.)
Within the couriers and messengers industry subsector there were a greater number of DAFW cases than DJTR cases that occurred to motor vehicle operators in 2016, while there were a greater number of DJTR cases than DAFW cases that occurred to material-moving workers.

View Chart Data

Chart 3. Incidence rates of occupational injuries and illnesses to the head and hands resulting in days away from work and days of job transfer or restriction, selected private industry subsectors, 2016
Selected industry subsector	Days Away From Work-Head	Days of Job Transfer or Restricted Work-Head	Days Away From Work-Hand(s)	Days of Job Transfer or Restricted Work-Hand(s)
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	9.2	2.4	14.7	35
General merchandise stores	14.7	7.4	10.8	24.5
Couriers and messengers	16.2	4.2	18.2	30.6
Waste management and remediation services	9.2	2.8	18.9	14.4
Hospitals	9.1	1.6	10.3	10.5
Accommodation	9.9	3.3	16.4	22.4
Note: DJTR = Days of job transfer or work restriction. DAFW = Days away from work. FTE = Full-time equivalent worker. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The following sections highlight additional distinctions between injuries resulting in DAFW and DJTR by industry subsector.

Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

In the beverage and tobacco product manufacturing industry subsector, there were 4,280 DJTR cases in 2016 compared with 2,690 DAFW cases. The incidence rate of cases with days of job transfer or restriction was 196.6 per 10,000 full-time equivalent (FTE) workers. (See table 3a.) The median days of job transfer or restriction were 14 days in 2016, 12 days in 2015, and 14 days in 2014. (See tables 1a, 3a, and 7.)

In 2016, there were 3,720 DART cases that resulted from sprains, strains, and tears and occurred at a rate of 170.9 cases per 10,000 FTE workers. The incidence rate of sprains, strains, and tears was higher for DJTR cases at 111.9 per 10,000 FTE workers, compared with 59.0 for DAFW cases. (See tables 5a and 6a.)

Fractures accounted for 5 percent (360 cases) of the DART cases in beverage and tobacco product manufacturing and occurred at a rate of 16.4 cases per 10,000 FTE workers in 2016. The incidence rate of fractures was higher for DAFW cases at 12.1, compared with 4.3 for DJTR cases, despite the total rate of DAFW cases being lower than the rate of DJTR cases in this industry subsector.

Cases involving certain parts of the body also had observable patterns. Injuries to the back and the hands tended to have higher rates of DJTR, with a rate of 49.1 for back injuries, compared with a rate of 26.1 for DAFW cases in 2016. Similarly, injuries to the hands resulted in a DJTR rate of 35.0, compared with 14.7 for DAFW cases. This contrasts with higher DAFW rates for head injuries, for which the rate was 9.2, compared with a rate of 2.4 for DJTR cases. (See table 3a.)

Seventy percent of the DART cases in the beverage and tobacco product manufacturing industry occurred to production workers (2,010) and transportation and material-moving workers (2,850). There was a greater number of cases that resulted in DJTR than in DAFW for both occupations. (See table 2a.)

Sixty-eight percent of the DART cases in 2016 occurred to workers aged 25 to 54. Among these cases, those that occurred to workers between the ages of 25 to 44 more often resulted in DJTR cases (2,420) than DAFW (1,140). However, for workers in age group 45 to 54, there were a greater number of DAFW cases (690) than DJTR cases (500) in 2016. For the oldest age groups, there were essentially the same number of DJTR and DAFW cases in 2016. (See chart 4 and table 2a.)

View Chart Data

Chart 4. Number of occupational injuries and illnesses resulting in days away from work and days of job transfer or restriction, by age group, beverage and tobacco product manufacturing industry, 2016
Age	Days away from work case	Days of job transfer or work restriction cases
16–19 years	20	50
20–24 years	230	510
25–34 years	600	1,480
35–44 years	540	940
45–54 years	690	500
55–64 years	360	390
65+ years	30	30
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

General merchandise stores

In 2016 there were 36,010 injuries and illnesses that resulted in DJTR cases in general merchandise stores, which was greater than the 25,340 total number of DAFW cases reported in this industry subsector. The rate of DJTR cases was 158.4 per 10,000 full-time workers. (See table 3a.) The median days of job transfer or restriction were 18 days in 2016, one more day than the 17 in 2015, and one less than the 19 days in 2014. (See tables 1a, 3a, and 7.)

There were 30,000 sprains, strains, and tears in 2016, which resulted in an incidence rate of 132.0 cases per 10,000 full-time employees. (See tables 1a and 3a.) The DJTR rate for sprains, strains, and tears in 2016 exceeded that for DAFW, 84.9 compared with 47.1, respectively. These cases made up 54 percent of the total DJTR cases.

Incidences of cuts and lacerations followed a similar pattern, in which DJTR cases occurred at a rate of 16.4 percent of all cases and DAFW cases occurred at a rate of 11.2 percent, in 2016. Cases resulting from fractures resulted in higher rates of DAFW cases, 8.1, as compared to DJTR cases at 6.5. (See table 3a.)

Injuries to the back and the hands resulted in higher rates of DJTR cases than DAFW in 2016. Similarly, injuries to the hands resulted in a DJTR rate of 24.5 percent, versus 10.8 percent for DAFW cases. However, injuries to the head resulted in a lower DJTR rate of 7.4, compared with 14.7 percent for the DAFW rate. (See table 3a.)

Couriers and messengers

Couriers and messengers had 12,400 cases with days of job transfer or restriction (DJTR) in 2016, an increase from the 9,150 cases reported in 2014. (See table 5b.) The total number of DJTR and DAFW cases were essentially the same in 2016. The rate of DJTR cases in 2016 was 267.1, compared with 281.6 percent for DAFW cases. The median days of job transfer or restriction for the courier and messenger subsector was 16 days, compared with 17 days in 2015 and 16 days in 2014. (See tables 1a, 3a, and 7.)

In 2016, 47 percent (11,940 cases) of the DART cases for couriers and messengers resulted from sprains, strains, and tears at a rate of 257.4 per 10,000 FTE workers. The rate of sprains, strains, and tears cases was 137.2 for DJTR and 120.1 for DAFW. (See tables 5b and 6b.)

Cuts and lacerations in 2016 occurred at a rate of 11.3 for DJTR, higher than the rate of 7.8 for DAFW. Workers who sustained fractures had a higher rate for injuries and illnesses resulting in DAFW, with a rate of 21.6, compared with 11.9 for DJTR.

About a quarter (5,750 cases) of the reported DART cases to couriers and messengers were the result of injuries to the back in 2016, resulting in an incidence rate of 124.0. The DJTR incidence rate (64.6) for back injuries was essentially the same as the DAFW rate (59.3). Injuries to the hands resulting in DJTR occurred at a rate of 30.6 cases per 10,000 full-time employees, compared with the rate of 18.2 for DAFW in 2016. Conversely, knee and head injuries were more likely to result in DAFW than DJTR cases. (See table 3a.)

Job transfer or restriction cases resulting from falls, slips, and trips occurred at a rate of 43.2; the DAFW rate was greater at 61.5. The rate of DJTR cases resulting from overexertion from lifting or lowering increased each year from 2014 (39.5) to 2016 (59.5). (See table 6b.)

Motor vehicle operators and material-moving workers composed almost 90 percent for all case types within the subsector. In 2016, material-moving workers incurred 6,240 DJTR cases and 4,710 DAFW cases, while motor vehicle operators were reversed in their distribution, with 4,840 DJTR cases and 7,000 DAFW cases. (See chart 5.)

Motor vehicle operators took 41 median days away from work or 17 days of job transfer or restriction before returning to work (or their previous nonrestricted duties). Material-moving workers required 16 median days for both DAFW and DJTR case types.

View Chart Data

Chart 5. Number of occupational injuries and illnesses resulting days away from work and days of job transfer or restriction, by selected occupations for couriers and messengers, 2014–16
Occupation	2014 DAFW	2014 DJTR	2015 DAFW	2015 DJTR	2016 DAFW	2016 DJTR
Motor Vehicle Operators	7,000	4,840	7,670	3,970	7,000	4,840
Material Moving Workers	3,240	4,010	3,820	5,420	4,710	6,240
Note: DJTR = Days of job transfer or work restriction. DAFW = Days away from work. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Waste management and remediation services

There were 3,950 days of DJTR cases in the waste management and remediation services industry subsector in 2016 (essentially unchanged from 2015 and 2014), fewer than the reported 6,710 DAFW cases that year. (See table 3.) The DJTR rate in 2016 was 97.9, less than the DAFW rate of 166.2. The median days of job transfer or restriction varied from a low of 9 days in 2015 to a high of 12 days in 2016. (See tables 1b, 3b, and 7.)

Of the 4,810 DART cases of sprains, strains, and tears in 2016, 2,280 resulted in DJTR and 2,530 resulted in DAFW, at a rate of 56.4 and 62.7, respectively. (See table 1) These overall counts and rates were essentially equal to each other. However, the rate of injuries due to cuts and lacerations resulting in DAFW occurred at a rate of 17.3, compared with a rate of 10.1 for DJTR. Fractures resulting in DAFW also had a higher rate of 17.7 in 2016, compared with 4.7 for DJTR. (See tables 5b and 6b.)

Back injuries accounted for 20 percent (2,110 cases) of the 10,660 DART cases in the waste management and remediation services industry subsector in 2016, and hand injuries accounted for another 13 percent (1,350 cases). As with other industries discussed in this report, cases involving the head occurred at a higher DAFW rate (9.2) than DJTR (2.8). (See tables 1b and 3b.)

In 2016, transportation and material-moving workers had the highest number of DART cases, which accounted for about 74 percent of the cases in this industry. Thirty-eight percent of the injuries to transportation and material-moving workers resulted in DJTR rather than DAFW cases. (See tables 2b and 5b.)

Hospitals

There were 38,860 DJTR injuries and illnesses in hospitals during 2016, fewer than the reported 52,190 DAFW cases in that year. The DJTR rate was 100.0 per 10,000 full-time workers in 2016, down from 103.0 in 2014. (See table 6c.) The median days of DJTR were 14 days in 2014 and 15 days in 2015 and 2016. (See tables 1b, 3b, and 7.)

There were fewer DJTR cases (24,710) resulting from sprain, strains, and tears than DAFW cases (26,290) in 2016, and the incidence rate was lower as well (63.6 and 67.6, respectively). (See tables 1b, 3b, and 5c.) Cuts and lacerations occurred at a lower rate of DJTR cases than DAFW (2.5, compared with 3.0) and fractures followed the overall established pattern of having a lower DJTR rate at 1.8, compared with 7.5 for DAFW cases. (See table 3b.)

Injuries to the back accounted for 27 percent of the 91,050 DART cases in the hospital industry subsector in 2016. Injuries to the back occurred at higher rates of DAFW (34.0) than DJTR (29.4). Head injuries also occurred at higher rates of DAFW with 9.1, compared with 1.6 for DJTR. Injuries to hands occurred at a rate of 10.3 for DAFW and 10.5 for DJTR, essentially the same. (See tables 1b and 3b.)

In 2016, healthcare practitioner and technician workers had the highest number of DART cases and accounted for 47 percent of the total DART cases in this industry subsector. Of these, 24,170 resulted in DAFW and 18,680 resulted in DJTR. (See table 2b.)

Accommodation

In 2016, there were 17,420 DJTR cases in the accommodation industry subsector and 19,200 DAFW cases. The DJTR rate in 2016 was 114.9, down from 128.3 in 2015. The median of days of job transfer or restriction was 14 days in 2015 and 2016, which was up slightly from 12 days in 2014. (See tables 1b, 3b, and 7.)

There were 7,410 DJTR cases resulting from sprains, strains, or tears, with an incidence rate of 48.8 cases in 2016. There were 6,650 DAFW injuries by comparison. Similarly, DAFW cases occurred at a lower rate (43.9 cases) than DJTR cases (48.8 cases). Cuts and lacerations occurred at similar rates for DJTR and DAFW (11.3 and 10.1), but fractures resulting in DAFW occurred at a rate of 7.4, greater than the DJTR rate of 2.3. (See tables 5c and 6c.)

Injuries to hands occurred at a higher DJTR rate (22.4) than DAFW rate (16.4), but injuries to the head occurred at a higher DAFW rate than DJTR rate (9.9, compared with 3.3). (See table 3b.)

Service occupation workers (including building cleaning and food preparation and serving workers) in the accommodation industry subsector had the largest number of DJTR cases for any major occupation group. There were 13,910 DJTR cases in 2016, compared to the next highest group, installation, maintenance, and repair workers, who had 1,020 DJTR cases in 2016. In 2016, DJTR cases made up slightly fewer than half of the 29,180 DART cases for service workers, and slightly fewer than half for installation, maintenance, and repair workers as well. (See table 2b.)

Notes

¹ See BLS Report 1056 on Occupational Injuries and Illnesses: a pilot study of job-transfer or work-restriction cases, 2011-2013, https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/job-transfer-or-work-restriction/archive/a-pilot-study-of-job-transfer-or-work-restriction-cases-2011-2013.pdf

² Industries are classified by the North American Industry Classification System, 2012 and include the following industry subsectors: 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing; 452 General merchandise stores; 492 Couriers and messengers; 562 Waste management and remediation services; 622 Hospitals; and 721 Accommodation

³ Classified according to BLS Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System (OIICS) manual 2.01. Includes categories for event or exposure; nature of injury or illness; part of body; and source of injury or illness.

⁴ See the technical notes section at the end of this report for a detailed description of the source of these data and an explanation of the concepts and definitions used.

Statistical Tables

Table 1a. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART), days away from work (DAFW), and restricted work activity, or job transfer (DJTR) by selected industry and case characteristics, private industry, 2016
Case characteristic	Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing			General merchandise stores			Couriers and messengers
Case characteristic	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾
Total	6,970	2,690	4,280	61,350	25,340	36,010	25,470	13,070	12,400
Musculoskeletal disorders⁽⁴⁾	3,350	1,100	2,250	24,400	8,640	15,760	12,380	5,890	6,480
Nature of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Sprains, strains, tears	3,720	1,280	2,430	30,000	10,710	19,290	11,940	5,580	6,370
Fractures	360	260	90	3,330	1,850	1,480	1,560	1,000	550
Cuts, lacerations, punctures	550	180	370	6,660	2,750	3,920	1,180	460	710
Cuts, lacerations	520	160	360	6,280	2,550	3,730	890	360	530
Punctures (except gunshot wounds)	30	20	-	380	200	180	290	100	190
Bruise, contusions	550	210	340	6,600	2,800	3,790	2,430	1,140	1,290
Heat (thermal) burns	90	30	60	270	110	160	-	-	-
Chemical burns and corrosions	40	20	20	70	50	20	-	-	-
Amputations	40	40	-	40	20	20	30	20	-
Carpal tunnel syndrome	-	-	-	90	50	30	40	30	-
Tendonitis	30	-	30	30	-	20	170	70	100
Multiple traumatic injuries	180	110	70	410	220	190	630	260	370
With fractures	-	-	-	20	-	-	40	20	20
With sprains	150	80	70	170	60	110	400	150	250
Soreness, pain	590	230	360	7,280	3,110	4,170	3,980	2,130	1,850
All other	810	310	500	6,570	3,670	2,900	3,490	2,370	1,120
Event or exposure leading to injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Contact with object, equipment	1,890	650	1,240	19,400	7,910	11,480	5,510	2,580	2,930
Struck by object or equipment	930	320	610	13,230	5,420	7,810	3,370	1,560	1,810
Struck against object or equipment	290	100	190	3,800	1,700	2,090	1,020	440	580
Caught in or compressed by object or equipment	560	180	380	1,620	480	1,150	870	410	460
Falls, slips, trips	1,110	630	490	13,780	6,530	7,250	4,860	2,850	2,000
Fall to lower level	160	90	70	1,890	930	960	940	560	380
Fall on same level	620	380	230	10,060	4,860	5,200	2,520	1,450	1,060
Slips, trips without fall	320	150	160	1,690	710	990	1,270	760	510
Overexertion and bodily reaction	3,480	1,150	2,330	25,420	9,320	16,100	13,030	6,330	6,700
Overexertion in lifting or lowering	1,250	400	860	10,920	3,920	7,000	5,150	2,390	2,760
Repetitive motion involving microtasks	250	80	170	1,170	450	710	440	210	230
Exposure to harmful substances or environments	200	110	90	1,070	670	400	390	270	120
Transportation incidents	250	140	110	500	270	230	1,080	820	260
Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles	100	60	40	130	70	60	710	510	200
Fires and explosions	-	-	-	20	-	-	-	-	-
Violence and other injuries by persons or animal	20	-	-	870	490	380	430	160	270
Intentional injury by other person	-	-	-	310	190	130	50	30	20
Injury by person - unintentional or intent unknown	-	-	-	330	200	130	20	-	-
Animal and insect related incidents	-	-	-	220	100	130	360	120	240
All other	30	-	20	280	140	150	170	50	120
Part of body affected by the injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Head	250	200	50	5,010	3,330	1,680	950	750	200
Eye	110	80	20	700	490	210	160	140	20
Neck	60	40	20	650	250	400	300	170	130
Trunk	2,040	740	1,310	15,530	6,340	9,190	7,360	3,620	3,740
Back	1,640	570	1,070	12,040	4,800	7,240	5,750	2,750	3,000
Upper extremities	2,510	740	1,770	21,860	7,040	14,810	7,730	3,520	4,210
Shoulder	600	170	430	5,920	2,110	3,810	2,450	1,240	1,210
Arm	530	120	420	4,190	1,380	2,810	1,460	810	650
Hand(s)	1,080	320	760	8,030	2,460	5,570	2,270	850	1,420
Wrist	170	70	110	3,360	890	2,470	930	360	560
Lower extremities	1,670	690	980	14,700	6,240	8,460	7,240	3,960	3,280
Knee	600	270	340	5,150	2,310	2,840	2,450	1,460	990
Ankle	440	200	240	2,370	1,060	1,310	1,680	880	800
Foot	330	120	210	5,320	2,030	3,290	1,610	790	820
Body systems	40	40	-	940	780	160	360	260	100
Multiple	380	250	130	2,130	1,060	1,070	1,490	780	720
All other	-	-	-	540	290	250	30	-	20
Source of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Chemical, chemical products	80	60	20	420	270	150	90	70	20
Containers	2,110	610	1,500	16,950	6,250	10,700	10,440	4,890	5,550
Furniture, fixtures	160	50	110	4,410	1,910	2,500	190	100	90
Machinery	440	170	270	2,550	990	1,570	750	280	470
Parts and materials	450	160	290	1,730	750	980	1,430	660	770
Floors, walkways, ground surfaces	550	350	200	9,170	4,420	4,750	2,850	1,560	1,290
Handtools	170	100	70	2,560	920	1,640	120	70	50
Vehicles	850	360	490	6,970	2,530	4,430	2,730	1,690	1,030
Person, injured or ill worker	1,390	530	860	8,620	3,630	4,990	5,030	2,750	2,270
Worker motion or position	1,370	520	850	7,920	3,090	4,820	4,850	2,630	2,230
Person, other than injured or ill workers	-	-	-	790	510	280	80	50	30
All other	680	260	420	5,370	2,260	3,110	1,630	880	750
⁽¹⁾Cases involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART) are the sum of cases involving days away from work (DAFW) and cases with restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR). ⁽²⁾Days-away-from-work cases include those that resulted in days away from work, some of which may also include days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽³⁾Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽⁴⁾Includes cases where the nature of the injury or illness is pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration. In January of 2015, the original six industries selected for the days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction (DJTR) study were replaced with a new set of six industries. The original six 3-digit industries included: Specialty trade contractors; Food manufacturing; Building material and garden equipment supplies dealers; Air transportation; Warehousing and storage; and Nursing and residential care facilities. ⁽⁵⁾Based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System 2.01 developed by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 1b. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART), days away from work (DAFW), and restricted work activity, or job transfer (DJTR) by selected industry and case characteristics, private industry, 2016
Case characteristic	Waste management and remediation services			Hospitals			Accommodation
Case characteristic	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾
Total	10,660	6,710	3,950	91,050	52,190	38,860	36,620	19,200	17,420
Musculoskeletal disorders⁽⁴⁾	3,350	1,610	1,740	45,180	23,510	21,670	12,650	6,090	6,550
Nature of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Sprains, strains, tears	4,810	2,530	2,280	51,010	26,290	24,710	14,060	6,650	7,410
Fractures	910	720	190	3,590	2,900	690	1,460	1,120	340
Cuts, lacerations, punctures	1,230	810	420	2,700	1,600	1,090	3,560	1,710	1,850
Cuts, lacerations	1,110	700	410	2,120	1,150	970	3,240	1,530	1,710
Punctures (except gunshot wounds)	130	110	-	570	450	130	320	180	140
Bruise, contusions	670	370	300	10,520	6,190	4,340	4,560	2,020	2,540
Heat (thermal) burns	80	50	40	820	530	280	780	380	400
Chemical burns and corrosions	40	40	-	140	120	20	50	30	20
Amputations	20	20	-	20	-	-	40	20	20
Carpal tunnel syndrome	30	-	-	210	140	70	100	60	40
Tendonitis	-	-	-	370	150	220	140	40	90
Multiple traumatic injuries	310	260	50	2,170	1,190	980	960	430	520
With fractures	40	40	-	120	100	30	80	20	60
With sprains	120	70	50	1,520	740	790	640	310	330
Soreness, pain	1,550	1,150	400	11,600	7,290	4,310	6,940	3,990	2,950
All other	990	750	240	7,920	5,770	2,150	3,980	2,740	1,240
Event or exposure leading to injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Contact with object, equipment	2,580	1,610	970	12,280	7,250	5,030	9,780	4,770	5,010
Struck by object or equipment	1,550	980	560	6,980	4,170	2,810	6,000	2,930	3,070
Struck against object or equipment	340	220	120	3,220	2,040	1,190	2,690	1,380	1,310
Caught in or compressed by object or equipment	540	290	250	1,530	670	870	770	320	460
Falls, slips, trips	2,560	1,740	820	18,510	11,720	6,800	10,490	5,970	4,520
Fall to lower level	610	460	140	1,290	760	530	1,030	580	450
Fall on same level	1,360	950	410	14,330	9,160	5,170	7,650	4,400	3,240
Slips, trips without fall	530	280	240	2,670	1,650	1,030	1,620	860	760
Overexertion and bodily reaction	3,400	1,660	1,740	46,070	24,150	21,920	13,070	6,390	6,680
Overexertion in lifting or lowering	1,070	490	580	11,540	6,060	5,480	3,840	1,720	2,120
Repetitive motion involving microtasks	110	60	50	2,040	940	1,110	850	410	440
Exposure to harmful substances or environments	370	260	110	3,020	2,240	770	1,790	1,150	640
Transportation incidents	1,460	1,250	210	680	530	150	430	240	190
Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles	1,200	1,090	110	480	350	130	110	70	40
Fires and explosions	-	-	-	20	20	-	40	30	-
Violence and other injuries by persons or animal	110	50	60	10,260	6,190	4,070	710	370	350
Intentional injury by other person	-	-	-	5,480	3,490	1,990	220	120	100
Injury by person - unintentional or intent unknown	-	-	-	4,330	2,360	1,970	230	80	150
Animal and insect related incidents	100	40	60	400	310	90	260	170	100
All other	180	140	40	200	90	110	320	270	40
Part of body affected by the injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Head	480	370	110	4,140	3,520	610	2,000	1,500	500
Eye	100	90	-	760	650	110	580	390	190
Neck	60	50	-	1,820	1,030	790	300	190	100
Trunk	2,690	1,630	1,060	28,370	15,590	12,790	7,690	4,010	3,680
Back	2,110	1,270	840	24,640	13,230	11,420	6,150	3,050	3,100
Upper extremities	3,150	1,690	1,460	28,220	14,170	14,050	14,080	6,280	7,800
Shoulder	810	480	330	9,450	4,840	4,610	3,090	1,400	1,690
Arm	490	230	260	3,930	2,130	1,800	2,210	1,150	1,050
Hand(s)	1,350	760	580	8,060	3,980	4,070	5,880	2,480	3,400
Wrist	380	180	200	4,580	2,250	2,330	1,850	870	980
Lower extremities	2,760	1,630	1,120	16,420	10,110	6,300	8,010	4,570	3,440
Knee	830	360	470	7,450	4,610	2,840	3,120	1,730	1,380
Ankle	710	450	270	3,560	2,130	1,430	1,900	1,120	780
Foot	500	350	150	3,280	2,040	1,230	1,490	940	540
Body systems	190	170	20	1,300	1,140	160	390	320	70
Multiple	1,210	1,060	150	10,420	6,340	4,080	4,030	2,270	1,760
All other	120	120	-	360	290	70	120	50	60
Source of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Chemical, chemical products	130	110	-	1,240	970	270	470	300	170
Containers	1,850	960	900	5,950	3,200	2,750	4,160	1,980	2,180
Furniture, fixtures	110	60	40	6,080	3,620	2,460	4,550	2,230	2,320
Machinery	280	150	130	1,990	1,210	780	1,810	870	940
Parts and materials	1,110	630	490	1,050	670	370	740	360	390
Floors, walkways, ground surfaces	1,390	950	440	13,900	8,860	5,050	7,590	4,320	3,280
Handtools	360	250	110	1,180	660	520	1,760	820	950
Vehicles	2,180	1,670	510	3,610	2,160	1,450	2,190	1,030	1,160
Person, injured or ill worker	1,770	910	850	11,930	6,810	5,110	6,240	3,430	2,820
Worker motion or position	1,730	890	840	11,530	6,510	5,030	6,050	3,260	2,790
Person, other than injured or ill workers	-	-	-	34,210	18,340	15,870	590	300	280
All other	1,410	950	460	9,640	5,520	4,120	6,200	3,360	2,850
⁽¹⁾Cases involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART) are the sum of cases involving days away from work (DAFW) and cases with restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR). ⁽²⁾Days-away-from-work cases include those that resulted in days away from work, some of which may also include days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽³⁾Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽⁴⁾Includes cases where the nature of the injury or illness is pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration. In January of 2015, the original six industries selected for the days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction (DJTR) study were replaced with a new set of six industries. The original six 3-digit industries included: Specialty trade contractors; Food manufacturing; Building material and garden equipment supplies dealers; Air transportation; Warehousing and storage; and Nursing and residential care facilities. ⁽⁵⁾Based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System 2.01 developed by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 2a. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART), days away from work (DAFW), and restricted work activity, or job transfer (DJTR) by selected industry and worker characteristics, private industry, 2016
Worker characteristic	Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing			General merchandise stores			Couriers and messengers
Worker characteristic	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾
Total	6,970	2,690	4,280	61,350	25,340	36,010	25,470	13,070	12,400
Gender
Male	5,610	2,150	3,460	24,620	10,070	14,550	19,100	9,740	9,360
Female	1,140	450	690	36,680	15,230	21,440	6,370	3,330	3,040
Gender not reported	210	90	120	60	40	20	-	-	-
Age
Age group (16–19 yrs.)	70	20	50	3,310	1,340	1,970	900	260	650
Age group (20–24 yrs.)	740	230	510	8,410	3,150	5,260	3,060	1,200	1,860
Age group (25–34 yrs.)	2,080	600	1,480	11,950	4,540	7,410	6,510	2,830	3,690
Age group (35–44 yrs.)	1,480	540	940	10,140	4,000	6,140	5,270	2,840	2,430
Age group (45–54 yrs.)	1,190	690	500	12,380	5,390	6,990	6,000	3,520	2,480
Age group (55–64 yrs.)	750	360	390	10,450	4,730	5,720	3,430	2,220	1,210
Age group (65+ yrs.)	70	30	30	3,940	1,900	2,040	290	210	80
Age group (not reported)	600	220	380	770	280	490	-	-	-
Race or ethnic origin⁽⁴⁾
American Indian or Alaska native	-	-	-	410	120	280	40	30	-
Asian	20	-	-	1,120	400	720	190	170	20
Black or African American	450	210	240	5,830	2,580	3,250	2,090	1,660	430
Hispanic or Latino	670	310	360	6,240	2,210	4,030	1,440	1,090	350
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	20	-	20	320	120	200	60	60	-
White	1,770	960	810	24,540	9,640	14,900	3,550	2,990	560
Race not reported	4,010	1,190	2,820	22,850	10,240	12,610	18,110	7,070	11,030
Multi-race	-	-	-	30	20	-	-	-	-
Hispanic and other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Length of service with employer
Less than 3 months	740	320	420	7,220	2,930	4,290	3,350	1,260	2,090
3–11 months	1,250	400	850	13,610	5,470	8,140	4,190	2,050	2,140
1–5 years	2,240	920	1,320	20,200	7,970	12,220	5,960	3,140	2,820
5 years	2,210	880	1,330	19,810	8,860	10,950	11,940	6,610	5,330
Length of service not reported	530	160	370	500	100	400	30	-	20
Summary occupational groups⁽⁵⁾
Management, business, and financial	100	60	40	510	260	260	150	90	60
Computer, engineering, and science	110	-	100	-	-	-	30	20	-
Education, legal, community service, arts, and media	-	-	-	310	190	120	-	-	-
Healthcare practitioners and technical	-	-	-	100	30	70	-	-	-
Service	400	170	230	6,250	2,460	3,790	80	50	40
Sales and related	220	120	100	30,550	12,570	17,980	40	30	-
Office and administrative support	620	250	370	13,100	5,600	7,500	1,130	430	700
Farming, fishing, and forestry	120	50	70	-	-	-	-	-	-
Construction and extraction	20	20	-	50	20	30	-	-	-
Installation, maintenance, and repair	500	230	270	2,050	700	1,350	410	270	140
Production	2,010	810	1,200	1,040	520	520	180	80	100
Transportation and material moving	2,850	970	1,880	7,240	2,940	4,300	23,440	12,100	11,340
⁽¹⁾Cases involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART) are the sum of cases involving days away from work (DAFW) and cases with restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR). ⁽²⁾Days-away-from-work cases include those that resulted in days away from work, some of which may also include days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽³⁾Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽⁴⁾Race and ethnicity data do not add to total. Some cases may be counted as both multi-race and Hispanic and other race. ⁽⁵⁾Standard Occupational Classification Manual, 2010, Office of Management and Budget. In January of 2015, the original six industries selected for the days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction (DJTR) study were replaced with a new set of six industries. The original six 3-digit industries included: Specialty trade contractors; Food manufacturing; Building material and garden equipment supplies dealers; Air transportation; Warehousing and storage; and Nursing and residential care facilities. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 2b. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART), days away from work (DAFW), and restricted work activity, or job transfer (DJTR) by selected industry and worker characteristics, private industry, 2016
Worker characteristic	Waste management and remediation services			Hospitals			Accommodation
Worker characteristic	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾	DART⁽¹⁾	DAFW⁽²⁾	DJTR⁽³⁾
Total	10,660	6,710	3,950	91,050	52,190	38,860	36,620	19,200	17,420
Gender
Male	10,350	6,560	3,790	19,410	12,200	7,210	14,300	7,700	6,600
Female	310	140	160	71,420	39,850	31,570	22,000	11,270	10,740
Gender not reported	-	-	-	220	150	80	310	230	80
Age
Age group (16–19 yrs.)	210	160	40	460	250	210	730	320	420
Age group (20–24 yrs.)	860	570	290	5,880	3,040	2,840	3,490	1,770	1,720
Age group (25–34 yrs.)	2,160	1,240	920	19,240	10,380	8,860	6,900	3,430	3,470
Age group (35–44 yrs.)	2,700	1,910	800	19,310	10,550	8,760	6,630	3,380	3,250
Age group (45–54 yrs.)	3,020	1,720	1,300	22,760	13,420	9,330	8,900	4,790	4,110
Age group (55–64 yrs.)	1,290	860	430	19,230	11,810	7,420	7,290	3,950	3,340
Age group (65+ yrs.)	190	150	50	2,990	1,980	1,020	1,690	1,000	680
Age group (not reported)	220	90	130	1,180	770	410	970	540	430
Race or ethnic origin⁽⁴⁾
American Indian or Alaska native	80	80	-	330	210	120	210	170	50
Asian	40	-	20	2,380	1,350	1,030	1,770	1,210	560
Black or African American	930	650	280	9,080	5,790	3,290	3,410	2,050	1,370
Hispanic or Latino	1,590	830	760	5,670	3,420	2,260	8,930	4,280	4,650
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	-	-	-	280	170	110	270	170	90
White	3,890	2,750	1,140	28,790	16,870	11,920	8,060	4,470	3,580
Race not reported	4,110	2,360	1,750	44,440	24,360	20,070	13,920	6,810	7,110
Multi-race	-	-	-	40	20	20	30	30	-
Hispanic and other	-	-	-	50	-	30	20	-	-
Length of service with employer
Less than 3 months	1,530	1,070	460	3,820	2,200	1,620	4,460	2,220	2,230
3–11 months	2,090	1,310	770	13,100	7,090	6,010	6,850	3,720	3,130
1–5 years	3,770	2,480	1,290	28,870	16,150	12,720	11,190	5,810	5,380
5 years	3,140	1,760	1,380	44,270	26,190	18,090	13,070	6,920	6,150
Length of service not reported	140	90	50	980	570	410	1,050	520	530
Summary occupational groups⁽⁵⁾
Management, business, and financial	70	50	-	2,530	1,200	1,330	770	330	440
Computer, engineering, and science	30	-	20	230	90	150	50	40	-
Education, legal, community service, arts, and media	420	420	-	1,120	660	470	230	140	100
Healthcare practitioners and technical	-	-	-	42,840	24,170	18,680	-	-	-
Service	50	40	-	36,920	21,460	15,470	29,180	15,270	13,910
Sales and related	-	-	-	200	120	80	480	310	170
Office and administrative support	40	20	-	4,000	2,490	1,510	1,190	610	580
Farming, fishing, and forestry	-	-	-	-	-	-	160	80	80
Construction and extraction	900	710	200	530	400	130	220	140	80
Installation, maintenance, and repair	750	390	360	1,460	890	570	2,270	1,250	1,020
Production	530	210	320	540	340	200	1,450	750	700
Transportation and material moving	7,880	4,850	3,020	630	370	260	560	260	300
⁽¹⁾Cases involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART) are the sum of cases involving days away from work (DAFW) and cases with restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR). ⁽²⁾Days-away-from-work cases include those that resulted in days away from work, some of which may also include days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽³⁾Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽⁴⁾Race and ethnicity data do not add to total. Some cases may be counted as both multi-race and Hispanic and other race. ⁽⁵⁾Standard Occupational Classification Manual, 2010, Office of Management and Budget. In January of 2015, the original six industries selected for the days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction (DJTR) study were replaced with a new set of six industries. The original six 3-digit industries included: Specialty trade contractors; Food manufacturing; Building material and garden equipment supplies dealers; Air transportation; Warehousing and storage; and Nursing and residential care facilities. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 3a. Number, incidence rates, and median days of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days of job transfer or restriction (DJTR) by selected industry and case characteristics of injury or illness, private industry, 2016
Case characteristic	Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing			General merchandise stores			Couriers and messengers
Case characteristic	Number	Incidence rate	Median days	Number	Incidence rate	Median days	Number	Incidence rate	Median days
Total	4,280	196.6	14	36,010	158.4	18	12,400	267.1	16
Musculoskeletal disorders⁽¹⁾	2,250	103.2	16	15,760	69.3	24	6,480	139.7	19
Nature of injury or illness⁽²⁾
Sprains, strains, tears	2,430	111.9	16	19,290	84.9	22	6,370	137.2	18
Fractures	90	4.3	42	1,480	6.5	28	550	11.9	36
Cuts, lacerations, punctures	370	17	8	3,920	17.2	10	710	15.4	9
Cuts, lacerations	360	16.3	9	3,730	16.4	10	530	11.3	10
Punctures (except gunshot wounds)	-	-	-	180	0.8	9	190	4	6
Bruise, contusions	340	15.7	11	3,790	16.7	15	1,290	27.9	11
Heat (thermal) burns	60	2.8	10	160	0.7	9	-	-	-
Chemical burns and corrosions	20	0.9	12	20	0.1	5	-	-	-
Amputations	-	-	-	20	0.1	86	-	-	-
Carpal tunnel syndrome	-	-	-	30	0.2	31	-	-	-
Tendonitis	30	1.2	62	20	0.1	21	100	2.2	23
Multiple traumatic injuries	70	3.3	12	190	0.8	14	370	8	20
With fractures	-	-	-	-	-	-	20	0.5	27
With sprains	70	3.2	12	110	0.5	14	250	5.3	24
Soreness, pain	360	16.5	13	4,170	18.4	18	1,850	40	15
All other	500	22.9	23	2,900	12.8	15	1,120	24.1	17
Event or exposure leading to injury or illness⁽²⁾
Contact with object, equipment	1,240	56.8	10	11,480	50.5	12	2,930	63.2	13
Struck by object or equipment	610	27.9	10	7,810	34.3	13	1,810	38.9	12
Struck against object or equipment	190	8.6	7	2,090	9.2	12	580	12.4	13
Caught in or compressed by object or equipment	380	17.4	8	1,150	5	15	460	10	14
Falls, slips, trips	490	22.3	17	7,250	31.9	23	2,000	43.2	18
Fall to lower level	70	3.2	13	960	4.2	24	380	8.1	14
Fall on same level	230	10.7	18	5,200	22.9	23	1,060	22.9	18
Slips, trips without fall	160	7.6	27	990	4.3	20	510	10.9	18
Overexertion and bodily reaction	2,330	107.1	17	16,100	70.8	23	6,700	144.3	19
Overexertion in lifting or lowering	860	39.3	16	7,000	30.8	23	2,760	59.5	21
Repetitive motion involving microtasks	170	7.6	71	710	3.1	36	230	4.9	22
Exposure to harmful substances or environments	90	4.3	9	400	1.8	8	120	2.5	6
Transportation incidents	110	4.8	13	230	1	19	260	5.7	14
Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles	40	1.9	13	60	0.3	19	200	4.3	14
Violence and other injuries by persons or animal	-	-	-	380	1.7	10	270	5.8	6
Intentional injury by other person	-	-	-	130	0.6	10	20	0.4	13
Injury by person - unintentional or intent unknown	-	-	-	130	0.6	21	-	-	-
Animal and insect related incidents	-	-	-	130	0.6	6	240	5.2	6
All other	20	1	56	150	0.6	32	120	2.5	17
Part of body affected by the injury or illness⁽²⁾
Head	50	2.4	5	1,680	7.4	10	200	4.2	8
Eye	20	0.9	1	210	0.9	4	20	0.5	4
Neck	20	1.1	12	400	1.8	42	130	2.9	17
Trunk	1,310	60	12	9,190	40.4	20	3,740	80.5	17
Back	1,070	49.1	12	7,240	31.8	20	3,000	64.6	18
Upper extremities	1,770	81.5	17	14,810	65.2	18	4,210	90.8	16
Shoulder	430	19.8	21	3,810	16.8	30	1,210	26	27
Arm	420	19.1	20	2,810	12.4	23	650	14.1	14
Hand(s)	760	35	11	5,570	24.5	12	1,420	30.6	13
Wrist	110	4.9	9	2,470	10.8	18	560	12.2	21
Lower extremities	980	45.2	15	8,460	37.2	17	3,280	70.7	15
Knee	340	15.6	23	2,840	12.5	23	990	21.3	16
Ankle	240	11	28	1,310	5.7	20	800	17.3	15
Foot	210	9.8	15	3,290	14.5	14	820	17.6	10
Body systems	-	-	-	160	0.7	6	100	2.2	7
Multiple	130	5.9	15	1,070	4.7	25	720	15.5	20
All other	-	-	-	250	1.1	27	20	0.4	6
Source of injury or illness⁽²⁾
Chemical, chemical products	20	1	19	150	0.7	8	20	0.4	18
Containers	1,500	68.9	16	10,700	47.1	18	5,550	119.6	18
Furniture, fixtures	110	5.3	8	2,500	11	24	90	2	10
Machinery	270	12.6	8	1,570	6.9	12	470	10.2	14
Parts and materials	290	13.2	20	980	4.3	14	770	16.6	14
Floors, walkways, ground surfaces	200	9.4	18	4,750	20.9	23	1,290	27.9	15
Handtools	70	3.3	8	1,640	7.2	9	50	1.2	9
Vehicles	490	22.6	13	4,430	19.5	18	1,030	22.2	14
Person, injured or ill worker	860	39.5	16	4,990	21.9	25	2,270	49	18
Worker motion or position	850	39.1	17	4,820	21.2	25	2,230	48	18
Person, other than injured or ill workers	-	-	-	280	1.2	19	30	0.6	13
All other	420	19.3	11	3,110	13.7	15	750	16.2	11
⁽¹⁾Includes cases where the nature of the injury or illness is pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration. ⁽²⁾Based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System 2.01 developed by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 10,000 full-time workers and were calculated as (NEH) x 20,000,000, where N = number of injuries and illnesses EH = total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year 20,000,000 = base for 10,000 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). Median days of job transfer or restriction is the measure used to summarize the varying lengths of job transfer or restriction from work among the cases with days of job transfer or restriction. Half the cases involved more days and half involved fewer days than a specified median. Median days of job transfer or restriction are represented in actual values. Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. In January of 2015, the original six industries selected for the days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction (DJTR) study were replaced with a new set of six industries. The original six 3-digit industries included: Specialty trade contractors; Food manufacturing; Building material and garden equipment supplies dealers; Air transportation; Warehousing and storage; and Nursing and residential care facilities. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 3b. Number, incidence rates, and median days of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days of job transfer or restriction (DJTR) by selected industry and case characteristics of injury or illness, private industry, 2016
Case characteristic	Waste management and remediation services			Hospitals			Accommodation
Case characteristic	Number	Incidence rate	Median days	Number	Incidence rate	Median days	Number	Incidence rate	Median days
Total	3,950	97.9	12	38,860	100	15	17,420	114.9	14
Musculoskeletal disorders⁽¹⁾	1,740	43	13	21,670	55.8	17	6,550	43.2	15
Nature of injury or illness⁽²⁾
Sprains, strains, tears	2,280	56.4	13	24,710	63.6	16	7,410	48.8	17
Fractures	190	4.7	51	690	1.8	46	340	2.3	27
Cuts, lacerations, punctures	420	10.5	9	1,090	2.8	8	1,850	12.2	9
Cuts, lacerations	410	10.1	9	970	2.5	7	1,710	11.3	9
Punctures (except gunshot wounds)	-	-	-	130	0.3	8	140	0.9	3
Bruise, contusions	300	7.5	7	4,340	11.2	9	2,540	16.7	12
Heat (thermal) burns	40	0.9	11	280	0.7	9	400	2.6	7
Chemical burns and corrosions	-	-	-	20	0	3	20	0.2	12
Amputations	-	-	-	-	-	-	20	0.1	7
Carpal tunnel syndrome	-	-	-	70	0.2	80	40	0.2	45
Tendonitis	-	-	-	220	0.6	17	90	0.6	31
Multiple traumatic injuries	50	1.2	7	980	2.5	11	520	3.5	14
With fractures	-	-	-	30	0.1	21	60	0.4	60
With sprains	50	1.1	7	790	2	10	330	2.2	13
Soreness, pain	400	10	9	4,310	11.1	18	2,950	19.4	11
All other	240	6	10	2,150	5.5	16	1,240	8.2	14
Event or exposure leading to injury or illness⁽²⁾
Contact with object, equipment	970	24	9	5,030	12.9	10	5,010	33	10
Struck by object or equipment	560	13.9	9	2,810	7.2	10	3,070	20.3	10
Struck against object or equipment	120	2.9	11	1,190	3.1	9	1,310	8.6	13
Caught in or compressed by object or equipment	250	6.3	13	870	2.2	11	460	3	10
Falls, slips, trips	820	20.2	9	6,800	17.5	14	4,520	29.8	14
Fall to lower level	140	3.5	7	530	1.4	14	450	2.9	14
Fall on same level	410	10.2	9	5,170	13.3	15	3,240	21.4	14
Slips, trips without fall	240	6.1	14	1,030	2.6	14	760	5	15
Overexertion and bodily reaction	1,740	43.1	14	21,920	56.4	17	6,680	44	15
Overexertion in lifting or lowering	580	14.4	14	5,480	14.1	16	2,120	14	15
Repetitive motion involving microtasks	50	1.3	10	1,110	2.8	29	440	2.9	24
Exposure to harmful substances or environments	110	2.7	33	770	2	11	640	4.2	7
Transportation incidents	210	5.3	15	150	0.4	12	190	1.2	10
Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles	110	2.8	21	130	0.3	12	40	0.3	90
Violence and other injuries by persons or animal	60	1.5	7	4,070	10.5	12	350	2.3	14
Intentional injury by other person	-	-	-	1,990	5.1	12	100	0.7	97
Injury by person - unintentional or intent unknown	-	-	-	1,970	5.1	14	150	1	11
Animal and insect related incidents	60	1.4	7	90	0.2	7	100	0.6	15
All other	40	1.1	10	110	0.3	10	40	0.3	25
Part of body affected by the injury or illness⁽²⁾
Head	110	2.8	9	610	1.6	9	500	3.3	5
Eye	-	-	-	110	0.3	20	190	1.2	3
Neck	-	-	-	790	2	18	100	0.7	14
Trunk	1,060	26.3	9	12,790	32.9	14	3,680	24.2	15
Back	840	20.8	13	11,420	29.4	15	3,100	20.4	15
Upper extremities	1,460	36.2	11	14,050	36.2	15	7,800	51.4	12
Shoulder	330	8.1	15	4,610	11.9	22	1,690	11.1	14
Arm	260	6.4	10	1,800	4.6	17	1,050	6.9	12
Hand(s)	580	14.4	9	4,070	10.5	10	3,400	22.4	10
Wrist	200	5	44	2,330	6	20	980	6.5	19
Lower extremities	1,120	27.8	14	6,300	16.2	14	3,440	22.7	14
Knee	470	11.7	14	2,840	7.3	20	1,380	9.1	15
Ankle	270	6.6	10	1,430	3.7	11	780	5.2	14
Foot	150	3.6	14	1,230	3.2	11	540	3.6	10
Body systems	20	0.5	33	160	0.4	17	70	0.5	5
Multiple	150	3.8	18	4,080	10.5	17	1,760	11.6	14
All other	-	-	-	70	0.2	18	60	0.4	21
Source of injury or illness⁽²⁾
Chemical, chemical products	-	-	-	270	0.7	16	170	1.1	8
Containers	900	22.2	10	2,750	7.1	14	2,180	14.4	13
Furniture, fixtures	40	1	8	2,460	6.3	15	2,320	15.3	15
Machinery	130	3.3	14	780	2	18	940	6.2	9
Parts and materials	490	12	11	370	1	11	390	2.6	11
Floors, walkways, ground surfaces	440	11	11	5,050	13	14	3,280	21.6	14
Handtools	110	2.6	7	520	1.3	10	950	6.2	8
Vehicles	510	12.6	14	1,450	3.7	15	1,160	7.7	15
Person, injured or ill worker	850	21.1	13	5,110	13.2	18	2,820	18.6	17
Worker motion or position	840	20.8	13	5,030	12.9	18	2,790	18.4	17
Person, other than injured or ill workers	-	-	-	15,870	40.8	15	280	1.9	14
All other	460	11.3	10	4,120	10.6	12	2,850	18.8	11
⁽¹⁾Includes cases where the nature of the injury or illness is pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration. ⁽²⁾Based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System 2.01 developed by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 10,000 full-time workers and were calculated as (NEH) x 20,000,000, where N = number of injuries and illnesses EH = total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year 20,000,000 = base for 10,000 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). Median days of job transfer or restriction is the measure used to summarize the varying lengths of job transfer or restriction from work among the cases with days of job transfer or restriction. Half the cases involved more days and half involved fewer days than a specified median. Median days of job transfer or restriction are represented in actual values. Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. In January of 2015, the original six industries selected for the days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction (DJTR) study were replaced with a new set of six industries. The original six 3-digit industries included: Specialty trade contractors; Food manufacturing; Building material and garden equipment supplies dealers; Air transportation; Warehousing and storage; and Nursing and residential care facilities. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 4. Number and median days of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days of job transfer or restriction (DJTR) by selected industry and worker characteristics, private industry, 2016
Worker characteristic	Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing		General merchandise stores		Couriers and messengers		Waste management and remediation services		Hospitals		Accommodation
Worker characteristic	Number	Median days	Number	Median days	Number	Median days	Number	Median days	Number	Median days	Number	Median days
Total	4,280	14	36,010	18	12,400	16	3,950	12	38,860	15	17,420	14
Gender
Male	3,460	14	14,550	15	9,360	16	3,790	12	7,210	13	6,600	10
Female	690	15	21,440	19	3,040	17	160	10	31,570	15	10,740	15
Gender not reported	120	11	20	15	-	-	-	-	80	7	80	22
Age
Age group (16–19 yrs.)	50	10	1,970	11	650	13	40	5	210	14	420	9
Age group (20–24 yrs.)	510	16	5,260	13	1,860	14	290	10	2,840	12	1,720	13
Age group (25–34 yrs.)	1,480	13	7,410	16	3,690	17	920	13	8,860	14	3,470	10
Age group (35–44 yrs.)	940	16	6,140	23	2,430	20	800	13	8,760	15	3,250	13
Age group (45–54 yrs.)	500	11	6,990	22	2,480	14	1,300	10	9,330	16	4,110	14
Age group (55–64 yrs.)	390	18	5,720	28	1,210	17	430	14	7,420	16	3,340	15
Age group (65+ yrs.)	30	9	2,040	19	80	21	50	18	1,020	14	680	15
Age group (not reported)	380	38	490	24	-	-	130	13	410	13	430	20
Race or ethnic origin⁽¹⁾
American Indian or Alaska native	-	-	280	18	-	-	-	-	120	12	50	14
Asian	-	-	720	25	20	17	20	6	1,030	17	560	15
Black or African American	240	14	3,250	16	430	16	280	14	3,290	14	1,370	18
Hispanic or Latino	360	27	4,030	19	350	25	760	9	2,260	19	4,650	18
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	20	20	200	22	-	-	-	-	110	29	90	17
White	810	14	14,900	16	560	13	1,140	14	11,920	15	3,580	10
Race not reported	2,820	14	12,610	19	11,030	16	1,750	10	20,070	15	7,110	12
Multi-race	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	20	38	-	-
Hispanic and other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	30	20	-	-
Length of service with employer
Less than 3 months	420	9	4,290	14	2,090	16	460	13	1,620	11	2,230	10
3–11 months	850	12	8,140	16	2,140	16	770	8	6,010	14	3,130	10
1–5 years	1,320	19	12,220	17	2,820	16	1,290	13	12,720	15	5,380	14
5 years	1,330	14	10,950	25	5,330	17	1,380	13	18,090	16	6,150	16
Length of service not reported	370	47	400	14	20	17	50	58	410	20	530	18
Summary occupational groups⁽²⁾
Management, business, and financial	40	8	260	29	60	16	-	-	1,330	14	440	14
Computer, engineering, and science	100	32	-	-	-	-	20	6	150	12	-	-
Education, legal, community service, arts, and media	-	-	120	14	-	-	-	-	470	14	100	8
Healthcare practitioners and technical	-	-	70	11	-	-	-	-	18,680	15	-	-
Service	230	10	3,790	15	40	42	-	-	15,470	15	13,910	14
Sales and related	100	15	17,980	19	-	-	-	-	80	22	170	16
Office and administrative support	370	20	7,500	18	700	10	-	-	1,510	20	580	8
Farming, fishing, and forestry	70	12	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	80	7
Construction and extraction	-	-	30	17	-	-	200	14	130	11	80	60
Installation, maintenance, and repair	270	8	1,350	15	140	12	360	10	570	17	1,020	10
Production	1,200	19	520	16	100	19	320	19	200	19	700	15
Transportation and material moving	1,880	13	4,300	15	11,340	17	3,020	11	260	8	300	10
⁽¹⁾Race and ethnicity data do not add to total. Some cases may be counted as both multi-race and Hispanic and other race. ⁽²⁾Standard Occupational Classification Manual, 2010, Office of Management and Budget. Median days of job transfer or restriction is the measure used to summarize the varying lengths of job transfer or restriction from work among the cases with days of job transfer or restriction. Half the cases involved more days and half involved fewer days than a specified median. Median days of job transfer or restriction are represented in actual values. Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. In January of 2015, the original six industries selected for the days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction (DJTR) study were replaced with a new set of six industries. The original six 3-digit industries included: Specialty trade contractors; Food manufacturing; Building material and garden equipment supplies dealers; Air transportation; Warehousing and storage; and Nursing and residential care facilities. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 5a. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART), days away from work (DAFW), and restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR) by selected industry and case characteristics, private industry, 2014–16
Case and worker characteristics	Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing									General merchandise stores
	DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾			DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾
	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016
Total	7,750	7,600	6,970	3,210	2,800	2,690	4,530	4,800	4,280	62,880	60,590	61,350	26,320	25,600	25,340	36,560	34,990	36,010
Musculoskeletal disorders⁽⁴⁾	4,140	3,480	3,350	1,480	1,200	1,100	2,660	2,280	2,250	26,400	23,830	24,400	9,400	8,750	8,640	17,000	15,080	15,760
Nature of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Sprains, strains, tears	3,900	4,010	3,720	1,320	1,430	1,280	2,580	2,580	2,430	28,590	29,810	30,000	10,450	10,880	10,710	18,130	18,930	19,290
Fractures	390	260	360	270	140	260	130	120	90	3,080	3,150	3,330	1,820	1,900	1,850	1,270	1,260	1,480
Cuts, lacerations, punctures	540	710	550	170	310	180	370	400	370	5,450	6,270	6,660	2,100	2,350	2,750	3,350	3,930	3,920
Cuts, lacerations	490	650	520	160	290	160	330	360	360	5,020	5,870	6,280	1,890	2,130	2,550	3,130	3,750	3,730
Punctures (except gunshot wounds)	50	60	30	-	20	20	40	40	-	430	400	380	210	220	200	220	180	180
Bruise, contusions	590	820	550	230	220	210	360	600	340	7,490	6,700	6,600	3,190	3,060	2,800	4,300	3,650	3,790
Heat (thermal) burns	80	80	90	70	60	30	-	20	60	280	260	270	100	110	110	170	150	160
Chemical burns and corrosions	70	30	40	60	20	20	-	-	20	90	100	70	50	50	50	30	50	20
Amputations	20	20	40	20	20	40	-	-	-	80	70	40	50	50	20	30	20	20
Carpal tunnel syndrome	30	20	-	30	-	-	-	20	-	170	130	90	50	70	50	120	60	30
Tendonitis	-	20	30	-	-	-	-	-	30	130	90	30	40	20	-	90	70	20
Multiple traumatic injuries	130	230	180	80	30	110	50	200	70	1,110	710	410	560	460	220	550	250	190
With fractures	-	20	-	-	-	-	-	20	-	80	80	20	50	60	-	30	-	-
With sprains	-	120	150	-	-	80	-	110	70	670	340	170	320	210	60	350	120	110
Soreness, pain	1,090	670	590	460	250	230	630	420	360	9,610	6,920	7,280	4,030	3,030	3,110	5,580	3,890	4,170
All other	880	740	810	500	300	310	380	440	500	6,810	6,370	6,570	3,870	3,630	3,670	2,940	2,740	2,900
Event or exposure leading to injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Contact with object, equipment	1,770	2,100	1,890	740	700	650	1,030	1,400	1,240	18,900	19,220	19,400	7,650	7,800	7,910	11,250	11,430	11,480
Struck by object or equipment	890	1,100	930	390	400	320	500	700	610	12,840	13,000	13,230	5,370	5,390	5,420	7,470	7,620	7,810
Struck against object or equipment	450	590	290	190	180	100	250	420	190	3,820	3,940	3,800	1,500	1,570	1,700	2,320	2,370	2,090
Caught in or compressed by object or equipment	360	340	560	130	110	180	230	230	380	1,720	1,590	1,620	570	550	480	1,150	1,030	1,150
Falls, slips, trips	1,170	1,370	1,110	570	580	630	610	790	490	13,400	13,780	13,780	6,760	6,800	6,530	6,640	6,980	7,250
Fall to lower level	250	180	160	140	110	90	100	70	70	1,700	2,060	1,890	830	1,130	930	870	930	960
Fall on same level	670	780	620	310	330	380	350	450	230	9,660	9,840	10,060	5,010	4,820	4,860	4,660	5,020	5,200
Slips, trips without fall	250	360	320	100	130	150	150	230	160	1,960	1,700	1,690	880	750	710	1,070	950	990
Overexertion and bodily reaction	4,260	3,510	3,480	1,530	1,210	1,150	2,740	2,300	2,330	27,520	24,680	25,420	9,990	9,290	9,320	17,530	15,400	16,100
Overexertion in lifting or lowering	1,640	1,380	1,250	600	430	400	1,040	960	860	11,420	10,740	10,920	4,030	3,890	3,920	7,390	6,850	7,000
Repetitive motion involving microtasks	260	180	250	110	70	80	150	110	170	1,430	1,390	1,170	510	540	450	920	850	710
Exposure to harmful substances or environments	180	200	200	160	150	110	20	50	90	1,190	1,130	1,070	780	710	670	410	420	400
Transportation incidents	290	370	250	180	140	140	110	240	110	510	440	500	300	260	270	210	180	230
Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles	100	110	100	60	70	60	40	40	40	70	120	130	50	80	70	-	50	60
Fires and explosions	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	20	30	20	-	-	-	-	-	-
Violence and other injuries by persons or animal	40	20	20	30	-	-	-	-	-	980	960	870	650	570	490	330	390	380
Intentional injury by other person	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	540	470	310	420	320	190	120	160	130
Injury by person - unintentional or intent unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	260	260	330	120	150	200	150	110	130
Animal and insect related incidents	-	20	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	170	220	220	110	100	100	60	120	130
All other	20	20	30	-	-	-	-	-	20	360	340	280	170	150	140	200	190	150
Part of body affected by the injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Head	350	270	250	250	180	200	100	90	50	4,470	4,650	5,010	2,950	2,970	3,330	1,520	1,680	1,680
Eye	100	100	110	60	70	80	40	30	20	690	660	700	470	440	490	210	220	210
Neck	70	50	60	40	-	40	30	40	20	980	510	650	300	250	250	680	250	400
Trunk	2,590	2,240	2,040	930	880	740	1,650	1,360	1,310	15,960	15,370	15,530	6,350	6,570	6,340	9,610	8,790	9,190
Back	2,020	1,870	1,640	710	680	570	1,310	1,190	1,070	12,470	11,700	12,040	4,710	4,870	4,800	7,760	6,830	7,240
Upper extremities	2,250	2,340	2,510	730	740	740	1,520	1,600	1,770	21,020	21,590	21,860	6,740	7,000	7,040	14,280	14,590	14,810
Shoulder	640	650	600	210	210	170	430	440	430	6,230	6,020	5,920	2,230	2,040	2,110	4,000	3,980	3,810
Arm	390	290	530	120	60	120	280	220	420	3,300	3,920	4,190	1,050	1,350	1,380	2,240	2,570	2,810
Hand(s)	850	1,010	1,080	270	340	320	580	660	760	7,290	7,970	8,030	2,310	2,370	2,460	4,990	5,610	5,570
Wrist	180	310	170	100	80	70	80	230	110	3,400	3,220	3,360	910	1,070	890	2,490	2,150	2,470
Lower extremities	1,920	2,130	1,670	920	790	690	1,000	1,350	980	15,170	14,830	14,700	7,090	6,370	6,240	8,080	8,460	8,460
Knee	620	720	600	360	270	270	260	450	340	5,190	5,850	5,150	2,410	2,510	2,310	2,780	3,340	2,840
Ankle	480	400	440	190	140	200	290	260	240	2,540	2,670	2,370	1,170	1,130	1,060	1,370	1,540	1,310
Foot	520	560	330	250	200	120	270	360	210	5,130	4,600	5,320	2,420	1,810	2,030	2,710	2,790	3,290
Body systems	30	30	40	30	-	40	-	20	-	950	1,020	940	830	870	780	130	150	160
Multiple	530	510	380	290	180	250	240	330	130	3,920	2,300	2,130	1,940	1,410	1,060	1,980	890	1,070
All other	20	20	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	410	330	540	140	140	290	280	190	250
Source of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Chemical, chemical products	90	110	80	80	90	60	-	30	20	640	430	420	500	270	270	140	160	150
Containers	2,920	2,120	2,110	1,130	650	610	1,790	1,470	1,500	18,120	16,390	16,950	6,760	6,430	6,250	11,370	9,960	10,700
Furniture, fixtures	120	170	160	20	60	50	90	110	110	5,130	4,820	4,410	2,070	2,200	1,910	3,070	2,620	2,500
Machinery	430	490	440	180	210	170	250	280	270	2,180	2,570	2,550	810	990	990	1,370	1,580	1,570
Parts and materials	330	420	450	100	180	160	230	240	290	2,190	1,900	1,730	830	720	750	1,360	1,180	980
Floors, walkways, ground surfaces	610	810	550	320	350	350	300	460	200	8,850	9,040	9,170	4,580	4,480	4,420	4,270	4,560	4,750
Handtools	150	220	170	70	50	100	90	170	70	2,320	2,650	2,560	770	730	920	1,550	1,910	1,640
Vehicles	980	1,290	850	450	380	360	530	910	490	6,410	6,560	6,970	2,420	2,600	2,530	4,000	3,960	4,430
Person, injured or ill worker	1,540	1,280	1,390	620	570	530	930	710	860	9,220	8,690	8,620	3,800	3,620	3,630	5,420	5,070	4,990
Worker motion or position	1,510	1,270	1,370	580	560	520	920	710	850	8,730	7,980	7,920	3,410	3,110	3,090	5,320	4,880	4,820
Person, other than injured or ill workers	30	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1,150	840	790	850	520	510	300	320	280
All other	470	600	680	220	210	260	250	390	420	4,810	4,890	5,370	1,970	2,170	2,260	2,840	2,720	3,110
Gender
Male	6,800	6,490	5,610	2,840	2,390	2,150	3,970	4,100	3,460	24,420	23,260	24,620	10,290	9,610	10,070	14,120	13,640	14,550
Female	940	1,100	1,140	380	410	450	570	690	690	38,330	37,250	36,680	16,010	15,980	15,230	22,320	21,270	21,440
Gender not reported	-	-	210	-	-	90	-	-	120	130	90	60	20	-	40	120	80	20
Age
Age group (16–19 yrs.)	150	120	70	90	60	20	60	60	50	2,850	3,250	3,310	1,010	1,190	1,340	1,840	2,060	1,970
Age group (20–24 yrs.)	410	700	740	200	220	230	210	480	510	9,050	8,950	8,410	3,310	3,360	3,150	5,740	5,590	5,260
Age group (25–34 yrs.)	2,330	2,400	2,080	890	860	600	1,440	1,550	1,480	12,980	11,290	11,950	5,360	4,540	4,540	7,620	6,760	7,410
Age group (35–44 yrs.)	2,230	1,660	1,480	840	680	540	1,400	980	940	10,380	9,560	10,140	4,060	3,950	4,000	6,320	5,610	6,140
Age group (45–54 yrs.)	1,520	1,560	1,190	640	500	690	880	1,060	500	12,960	12,590	12,380	5,750	5,480	5,390	7,210	7,110	6,990
Age group (55–64 yrs.)	840	890	750	450	380	360	390	510	390	10,420	10,620	10,450	4,690	4,850	4,730	5,730	5,770	5,720
Age group (65+ yrs.)	90	90	70	40	50	30	50	40	30	3,460	3,800	3,940	1,880	2,050	1,900	1,580	1,750	2,040
Age group (not reported)	170	170	600	60	40	220	110	130	380	790	540	770	260	190	280	530	350	490
Race or ethnic origin⁽⁶⁾
American Indian or Alaska native	-	20	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	220	410	410	100	150	120	130	260	280
Asian	90	40	20	80	20	-	-	20	-	620	1,020	1,120	270	290	400	350	720	720
Black or African American	400	470	450	170	180	210	230	290	240	4,500	5,750	5,830	1,810	2,210	2,580	2,680	3,540	3,250
Hispanic or Latino	790	900	670	290	330	310	500	570	360	4,350	6,340	6,240	1,600	2,300	2,210	2,750	4,030	4,030
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	-	-	20	-	-	-	-	-	20	100	210	320	40	70	120	60	130	200
White	1,470	1,940	1,770	750	980	960	710	960	810	21,620	25,080	24,540	8,650	9,040	9,640	12,970	16,030	14,900
Race not reported	4,990	4,210	4,010	1,910	1,260	1,190	3,070	2,950	2,820	31,360	21,770	22,850	13,830	11,520	10,240	17,540	10,240	12,610
Multi-race	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	80	30	30	30	-	20	50	20	-
Hispanic and other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	30	-	-	-	-	-	20	-	-
Length of service with employer
Less than 3 months	590	630	740	180	260	320	410	370	420	7,330	7,530	7,220	2,980	3,100	2,930	4,350	4,430	4,290
3–11 months	1,330	1,720	1,250	640	560	400	690	1,160	850	12,670	12,690	13,610	4,850	4,850	5,470	7,810	7,840	8,140
1–5 years	2,220	2,500	2,240	980	880	920	1,240	1,610	1,320	19,340	18,350	20,200	8,420	7,980	7,970	10,930	10,370	12,220
5 years	3,580	2,720	2,210	1,410	1,080	880	2,170	1,640	1,330	22,920	21,680	19,810	9,910	9,590	8,860	13,010	12,090	10,950
Length of service not reported	30	30	530	20	-	160	-	20	370	620	350	500	160	80	100	460	270	400
Summary occupational groups⁽⁷⁾
Management, business, and financial	150	140	100	60	30	60	90	110	40	880	640	510	550	230	260	330	410	260
Computer, engineering, and science	50	30	110	20	20	-	30	-	100	20	-	-	20	-	-	-	-	-
Education, legal, community service, arts, and media	-	20	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	290	410	310	170	190	190	120	220	120
Healthcare practitioners and technical	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	220	130	100	120	60	30	110	70	70
Service	160	310	400	80	190	170	70	120	230	6,170	6,650	6,250	2,480	2,620	2,460	3,690	4,040	3,790
Sales and related	150	230	220	20	110	120	130	120	100	28,470	29,220	30,550	11,790	12,950	12,570	16,680	16,270	17,980
Office and administrative support	730	860	620	310	200	250	420	660	370	15,680	12,660	13,100	6,670	5,200	5,600	9,010	7,460	7,500
Farming, fishing, and forestry	260	100	120	140	30	50	120	70	70	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Construction and extraction	30	20	20	20	-	20	-	-	-	20	120	50	-	40	20	20	80	30
Installation, maintenance, and repair	560	620	500	230	140	230	330	480	270	1,940	2,000	2,050	680	720	700	1,260	1,270	1,350
Production	2,020	1,600	2,010	1,030	840	810	990	760	1,200	1,060	1,100	1,040	450	450	520	610	640	520
Transportation and material moving	3,630	3,650	2,850	1,310	1,220	970	2,320	2,430	1,880	8,040	7,590	7,240	3,350	3,120	2,940	4,690	4,460	4,300
⁽¹⁾ Cases involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART) are the sum of cases involving days away from work (DAFW) and cases with restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR). ⁽²⁾ Days-away-from-work cases include those that resulted in days away from work, some of which may also include days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽³⁾ Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽⁴⁾ Includes cases where the nature of the injury or illness is pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration. ⁽⁵⁾ Based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System 2.01 developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. ⁽⁶⁾ Race and ethnicity data do not add to total. Some cases may be counted as both multi-race and Hispanic and other race. ⁽⁷⁾ Standard Occupational Classification Manual, 2010, Office of Management and Budget. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 5b. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART), days away from work (DAFW), and restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR) by selected industry and case characteristics, private industry, 2014–16
Case and worker characteristics	Couriers and messengers									Waste management and remediation services
	DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾			DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾
	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016
Total	21,880	23,520	25,470	12,730	13,080	13,070	9,150	10,440	12,400	13,190	12,280	10,660	8,650	7,600	6,710	4,540	4,680	3,950
Musculoskeletal disorders⁽⁴⁾	11,190	11,290	12,380	6,790	6,100	5,890	4,400	5,190	6,480	4,390	4,330	3,350	2,640	2,580	1,610	1,750	1,750	1,740
Nature of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Sprains, strains, tears	9,640	10,960	11,940	4,920	5,310	5,580	4,720	5,650	6,370	6,070	5,260	4,810	3,670	3,050	2,530	2,400	2,210	2,280
Fractures	1,220	1,380	1,560	720	790	1,000	490	600	550	1,110	980	910	930	590	720	180	390	190
Cuts, lacerations, punctures	710	1,090	1,180	320	580	460	390	510	710	1,390	1,480	1,230	960	920	810	440	550	420
Cuts, lacerations	560	830	890	260	430	360	300	390	530	1,260	1,340	1,110	880	850	700	380	490	410
Punctures (except gunshot wounds)	150	260	290	60	150	100	90	120	190	130	140	130	80	70	110	60	60	-
Bruise, contusions	1,520	2,160	2,430	670	1,150	1,140	850	1,010	1,290	970	920	670	520	460	370	450	450	300
Heat (thermal) burns	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	50	40	80	-	40	50	30	-	40
Chemical burns and corrosions	20	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	40	40	-	-	40	-	30	-
Amputations	30	20	30	20	20	20	-	-	-	40	150	20	40	150	20	-	-	-
Carpal tunnel syndrome	40	60	40	30	20	30	-	40	-	40	40	30	-	30	-	30	-	-
Tendonitis	100	180	170	30	100	70	60	80	100	-	20	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Multiple traumatic injuries	600	850	630	250	470	260	350	380	370	380	340	310	250	210	260	130	130	50
With fractures	100	100	40	50	90	20	50	-	20	80	-	40	60	-	40	-	-	-
With sprains	340	390	400	120	160	150	230	230	250	140	230	120	80	150	70	60	80	50
Soreness, pain	5,130	2,980	3,980	3,940	1,830	2,130	1,190	1,150	1,850	1,440	1,520	1,550	1,070	1,120	1,150	370	390	400
All other	2,870	3,810	3,490	1,800	2,800	2,370	1,070	1,020	1,120	1,680	1,510	990	1,180	1,020	750	500	490	240
Event or exposure leading to injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Contact with object, equipment	4,190	4,610	5,510	1,950	2,070	2,580	2,230	2,550	2,930	3,210	3,530	2,580	1,990	2,080	1,610	1,220	1,450	970
Struck by object or equipment	2,340	2,830	3,370	1,090	1,290	1,560	1,250	1,530	1,810	1,910	2,040	1,550	1,150	1,350	980	760	690	560
Struck against object or equipment	1,060	980	1,020	500	430	440	560	540	580	700	640	340	480	240	220	230	400	120
Caught in or compressed by object or equipment	650	700	870	280	290	410	370	420	460	450	690	540	250	400	290	200	290	250
Falls, slips, trips	4,290	4,940	4,860	2,590	2,960	2,850	1,700	1,980	2,000	3,520	2,550	2,560	2,510	1,660	1,740	1,010	890	820
Fall to lower level	830	1,020	940	480	660	560	350	360	380	980	590	610	880	420	460	100	160	140
Fall on same level	2,380	2,490	2,520	1,590	1,570	1,450	800	920	1,060	1,700	1,340	1,360	1,090	850	950	610	500	410
Slips, trips without fall	1,050	1,370	1,270	520	700	760	530	670	510	650	520	530	400	320	280	250	210	240
Overexertion and bodily reaction	11,410	11,910	13,030	6,930	6,530	6,330	4,490	5,380	6,700	4,510	4,530	3,400	2,710	2,640	1,660	1,800	1,880	1,740
Overexertion in lifting or lowering	3,730	3,990	5,150	2,080	1,980	2,390	1,650	2,020	2,760	1,470	1,630	1,070	810	960	490	670	670	580
Repetitive motion involving microtasks	350	390	440	200	140	210	150	250	230	210	190	110	150	110	60	60	80	50
Exposure to harmful substances or environments	190	350	390	130	260	270	70	90	120	300	250	370	230	170	260	70	80	110
Transportation incidents	1,350	1,250	1,080	890	990	820	460	260	260	1,210	1,010	1,460	1,010	780	1,250	200	230	210
Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles	790	950	710	620	780	510	160	160	200	930	750	1,200	820	560	1,090	110	190	110
Fires and explosions	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	40	-	-	40	-	-	-	-	-
Violence and other injuries by persons or animal	290	340	430	170	190	160	120	150	270	140	200	110	100	180	50	40	-	60
Intentional injury by other person	30	40	50	20	20	30	-	30	20	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Injury by person - unintentional or intent unknown	-	20	20	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Animal and insect related incidents	250	280	360	140	160	120	100	120	240	140	190	100	100	180	40	40	-	60
All other	150	110	170	60	80	50	90	30	120	260	210	180	60	70	140	200	140	40
Part of body affected by the injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Head	620	910	950	430	680	750	190	230	200	760	970	480	670	820	370	90	150	110
Eye	110	90	160	80	40	140	30	50	20	300	220	100	250	150	90	50	70	-
Neck	300	340	300	170	230	170	140	110	130	140	120	60	80	50	50	60	70	-
Trunk	5,990	6,510	7,360	3,420	3,610	3,620	2,570	2,900	3,740	2,740	2,970	2,690	1,750	1,920	1,630	980	1,050	1,060
Back	4,630	4,970	5,750	2,580	2,680	2,750	2,040	2,290	3,000	2,030	2,070	2,110	1,250	1,270	1,270	780	800	840
Upper extremities	6,150	6,680	7,730	3,100	3,250	3,520	3,050	3,440	4,210	4,810	4,400	3,150	3,090	2,200	1,690	1,720	2,210	1,460
Shoulder	1,960	2,050	2,450	1,140	1,200	1,240	820	850	1,210	1,500	1,210	810	1,060	580	480	440	630	330
Arm	1,070	1,110	1,460	450	670	810	620	440	650	1,220	840	490	910	450	230	310	390	260
Hand(s)	1,640	1,860	2,270	670	750	850	970	1,110	1,420	1,540	1,680	1,350	840	780	760	700	900	580
Wrist	900	960	930	510	350	360	380	610	560	370	440	380	170	270	180	200	170	200
Lower extremities	7,040	6,950	7,240	4,450	3,960	3,960	2,590	2,990	3,280	3,330	2,660	2,760	2,010	1,770	1,630	1,330	890	1,120
Knee	2,780	2,420	2,450	1,990	1,620	1,460	790	800	990	1,340	940	830	770	640	360	570	300	470
Ankle	2,170	1,730	1,680	1,390	970	880	770	760	800	870	720	710	540	440	450	330	280	270
Foot	1,040	1,160	1,610	490	550	790	550	610	820	420	430	500	270	240	350	150	190	150
Body systems	190	370	360	130	280	260	50	90	100	130	110	190	110	100	170	30	-	20
Multiple	1,550	1,720	1,490	990	1,060	780	570	670	720	980	930	1,210	840	670	1,060	140	250	150
All other	40	30	30	40	-	-	-	20	20	300	130	120	110	70	120	200	60	-
Source of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Chemical, chemical products	50	40	90	30	30	70	20	-	20	140	110	130	110	70	110	30	40	-
Containers	7,500	8,710	10,440	3,930	4,250	4,890	3,570	4,460	5,550	2,310	2,200	1,850	1,300	1,180	960	1,000	1,020	900
Furniture, fixtures	140	150	190	70	70	100	70	80	90	350	230	110	210	140	60	140	90	40
Machinery	610	820	750	240	420	280	370	400	470	380	440	280	240	260	150	150	170	130
Parts and materials	1,210	1,200	1,430	700	610	660	510	590	770	1,140	1,180	1,110	670	760	630	470	410	490
Floors, walkways, ground surfaces	2,440	2,740	2,850	1,540	1,740	1,560	900	990	1,290	1,730	1,510	1,390	1,130	940	950	600	570	440
Handtools	80	80	120	30	40	70	50	40	50	460	760	360	230	560	250	230	200	110
Vehicles	3,670	3,130	2,730	2,450	2,100	1,690	1,220	1,040	1,030	2,890	2,230	2,180	2,400	1,480	1,670	490	750	510
Person, injured or ill worker	4,910	5,090	5,030	3,050	2,870	2,750	1,850	2,220	2,270	1,910	1,880	1,770	1,160	1,160	910	750	720	850
Worker motion or position	4,840	4,990	4,850	3,000	2,790	2,630	1,840	2,200	2,230	1,890	1,750	1,730	1,140	1,040	890	750	710	840
Person, other than injured or ill workers	80	70	80	70	40	50	20	30	30	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
All other	1,120	1,420	1,630	560	870	880	560	550	750	1,790	1,630	1,410	1,150	950	950	650	680	460
Gender
Male	17,240	18,090	19,100	9,580	9,970	9,740	7,650	8,120	9,360	12,420	11,510	10,350	8,230	6,960	6,560	4,190	4,550	3,790
Female	4,650	5,420	6,370	3,140	3,100	3,330	1,500	2,320	3,040	550	760	310	390	630	140	160	130	160
Gender not reported	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	210	-	-	20	-	-	190	-	-
Age
Age group (16–19 yrs.)	600	820	900	160	190	260	430	620	650	50	160	210	-	90	160	30	70	40
Age group (20–24 yrs.)	2,340	3,030	3,060	990	1,390	1,200	1,360	1,640	1,860	880	770	860	470	480	570	410	290	290
Age group (25–34 yrs.)	4,280	5,160	6,510	1,990	2,520	2,830	2,290	2,640	3,690	2,290	2,720	2,160	1,530	1,470	1,240	750	1,260	920
Age group (35–44 yrs.)	5,320	5,410	5,270	3,010	3,060	2,840	2,310	2,350	2,430	3,800	3,170	2,700	2,580	2,060	1,910	1,220	1,110	800
Age group (45–54 yrs.)	6,000	6,100	6,000	3,880	3,910	3,520	2,110	2,200	2,480	3,270	3,290	3,020	2,050	2,250	1,720	1,220	1,040	1,300
Age group (55–64 yrs.)	2,870	2,640	3,430	2,250	1,730	2,220	620	910	1,210	2,120	1,450	1,290	1,600	830	860	520	630	430
Age group (65+ yrs.)	160	300	290	140	230	210	20	60	80	170	110	190	150	60	150	30	50	50
Age group (not reported)	310	50	-	310	30	-	-	20	-	610	610	220	260	370	90	350	240	130
Race or ethnic origin⁽⁶⁾
American Indian or Alaska native	50	30	40	50	20	30	-	-	-	80	20	80	40	-	80	30	-	-
Asian	130	220	190	100	210	170	30	-	20	-	40	40	-	-	-	-	-	20
Black or African American	1,770	2,210	2,090	1,640	1,880	1,660	120	330	430	1,120	1,050	930	850	570	650	260	490	280
Hispanic or Latino	1,430	1,100	1,440	1,100	1,010	1,090	330	90	350	1,990	1,730	1,590	1,240	1,070	830	750	660	760
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	30	20	60	30	20	60	-	-	-	40	-	-	20	-	-	20	-	-
White	4,280	3,750	3,550	4,110	3,340	2,990	170	420	560	4,710	4,790	3,890	3,460	3,350	2,750	1,240	1,450	1,140
Race not reported	14,190	16,190	18,110	5,680	6,600	7,070	8,510	9,580	11,030	5,200	4,630	4,110	2,970	2,580	2,360	2,230	2,050	1,750
Multi-race	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Hispanic and other	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Length of service with employer
Less than 3 months	2,490	2,310	3,350	1,080	1,040	1,260	1,400	1,260	2,090	1,210	1,530	1,530	750	990	1,070	460	540	460
3–11 months	3,030	3,740	4,190	1,680	2,120	2,050	1,350	1,620	2,140	2,710	2,390	2,090	1,790	1,340	1,310	920	1,050	770
1–5 years	3,610	4,920	5,960	1,930	2,650	3,140	1,670	2,270	2,820	4,310	4,170	3,770	2,920	2,770	2,480	1,390	1,400	1,290
5 years	12,420	12,510	11,940	7,690	7,240	6,610	4,720	5,270	5,330	4,680	3,730	3,140	3,100	2,270	1,760	1,580	1,460	1,380
Length of service not reported	340	40	30	330	20	-	-	20	20	280	460	140	90	230	90	190	230	50
Summary occupational groups⁽⁷⁾
Management, business, and financial	60	110	150	30	70	90	30	40	60	80	120	70	30	90	50	50	30	-
Computer, engineering, and science	-	30	30	-	20	20	-	-	-	50	100	30	-	60	-	30	30	20
Education, legal, community service, arts, and media	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	420	-	-	420	-	-	-
Healthcare practitioners and technical	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Service	20	110	80	20	90	50	-	-	40	150	110	50	100	30	40	50	80	-
Sales and related	-	40	40	-	30	30	-	20	-	-	20	-	-	20	-	-	-	-
Office and administrative support	980	1,340	1,130	560	770	430	430	570	700	270	50	40	200	40	20	70	-	-
Farming, fishing, and forestry	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Construction and extraction	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	790	740	900	450	390	710	340	350	200
Installation, maintenance, and repair	310	430	410	210	290	270	100	140	140	860	1,220	750	490	730	390	370	490	360
Production	170	50	180	80	20	80	90	30	100	690	520	530	420	240	210	270	280	320
Transportation and material moving	20,310	21,400	23,440	11,820	11,780	12,100	8,490	9,620	11,340	10,260	9,400	7,880	6,930	5,990	4,850	3,330	3,420	3,020
⁽¹⁾ Cases involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART) are the sum of cases involving days away from work (DAFW) and cases with restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR). ⁽²⁾ Days-away-from-work cases include those that resulted in days away from work, some of which may also include days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽³⁾ Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽⁴⁾ Includes cases where the nature of the injury or illness is pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration. ⁽⁵⁾ Based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System 2.01 developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. ⁽⁶⁾ Race and ethnicity data do not add to total. Some cases may be counted as both multi-race and Hispanic and other race. ⁽⁷⁾ Standard Occupational Classification Manual, 2010, Office of Management and Budget. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 5c. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART), days away from work (DAFW), and restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR) by selected industry and case characteristics, private industry, 2014–16
Case and worker characteristics	Hospitals									Accommodation
	DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾			DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾
	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016
Total	95,930	91,830	91,050	56,580	53,250	52,190	39,360	38,580	38,860	39,100	41,730	36,620	21,290	22,510	19,200	17,810	19,220	17,420
Musculoskeletal disorders⁽⁴⁾	47,410	44,200	45,180	25,340	23,340	23,510	22,070	20,850	21,670	13,100	14,690	12,650	6,340	7,080	6,090	6,760	7,610	6,550
Nature of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Sprains, strains, tears	54,820	51,180	51,010	29,630	27,380	26,290	25,190	23,800	24,710	15,100	15,580	14,060	7,090	7,540	6,650	8,010	8,040	7,410
Fractures	3,890	4,070	3,590	3,100	3,220	2,900	780	850	690	1,740	1,880	1,460	1,360	1,520	1,120	380	360	340
Cuts, lacerations, punctures	2,490	2,520	2,700	1,570	1,410	1,600	920	1,110	1,090	3,790	4,190	3,560	1,940	2,180	1,710	1,850	2,020	1,850
Cuts, lacerations	2,110	2,120	2,120	1,270	1,190	1,150	840	930	970	3,450	3,740	3,240	1,750	1,860	1,530	1,700	1,890	1,710
Punctures (except gunshot wounds)	370	400	570	300	220	450	80	180	130	340	450	320	190	320	180	150	130	140
Bruise, contusions	10,120	10,820	10,520	6,110	6,470	6,190	4,010	4,350	4,340	5,070	4,860	4,560	2,170	2,010	2,020	2,900	2,840	2,540
Heat (thermal) burns	840	700	820	520	460	530	320	240	280	750	940	780	370	590	380	380	350	400
Chemical burns and corrosions	210	120	140	150	80	120	60	40	20	130	120	50	80	80	30	40	40	20
Amputations	50	40	20	40	40	-	-	-	-	80	40	40	60	20	20	-	20	20
Carpal tunnel syndrome	250	240	210	170	160	140	80	80	70	130	100	100	80	80	60	50	20	40
Tendonitis	470	380	370	190	190	150	280	200	220	80	110	140	40	90	40	40	30	90
Multiple traumatic injuries	2,500	2,560	2,170	1,500	1,540	1,190	1,000	1,020	980	1,130	1,020	960	520	580	430	610	440	520
With fractures	180	120	120	160	100	100	20	20	30	120	60	80	90	50	20	30	-	60
With sprains	1,800	1,700	1,520	1,020	960	740	780	740	790	730	570	640	230	250	310	500	320	330
Soreness, pain	11,700	11,020	11,600	7,430	6,650	7,290	4,270	4,370	4,310	6,410	8,110	6,940	4,290	4,470	3,990	2,120	3,640	2,950
All other	8,590	8,180	7,920	6,160	5,660	5,770	2,430	2,510	2,150	4,690	4,770	3,980	3,280	3,340	2,740	1,410	1,430	1,240
Event or exposure leading to injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Contact with object, equipment	12,420	12,390	12,280	7,220	7,300	7,250	5,200	5,090	5,030	11,010	11,110	9,780	5,690	5,630	4,770	5,320	5,480	5,010
Struck by object or equipment	7,030	7,070	6,980	4,170	4,070	4,170	2,860	3,010	2,810	6,270	6,450	6,000	3,130	3,230	2,930	3,140	3,220	3,070
Struck against object or equipment	3,520	3,450	3,220	2,110	2,170	2,040	1,410	1,280	1,190	3,450	2,960	2,690	1,820	1,520	1,380	1,630	1,450	1,310
Caught in or compressed by object or equipment	1,470	1,470	1,530	720	780	670	750	690	870	1,020	1,240	770	620	640	320	400	600	460
Falls, slips, trips	21,100	20,620	18,510	13,930	13,230	11,720	7,180	7,400	6,800	11,170	11,400	10,490	6,790	6,710	5,970	4,380	4,690	4,520
Fall to lower level	1,240	1,200	1,290	870	820	760	360	380	530	1,170	1,130	1,030	820	740	580	360	400	450
Fall on same level	16,590	16,560	14,330	11,090	10,720	9,160	5,500	5,840	5,170	7,970	8,490	7,650	4,800	4,990	4,400	3,170	3,490	3,240
Slips, trips without fall	3,160	2,790	2,670	1,900	1,650	1,650	1,260	1,140	1,030	1,820	1,670	1,620	1,080	890	860	740	790	760
Overexertion and bodily reaction	48,580	45,270	46,070	26,140	24,040	24,150	22,430	21,230	21,920	13,630	15,570	13,070	6,660	7,700	6,390	6,970	7,870	6,680
Overexertion in lifting or lowering	11,190	10,850	11,540	5,990	5,690	6,060	5,200	5,160	5,480	3,900	4,580	3,840	1,940	2,330	1,720	1,960	2,240	2,120
Repetitive motion involving microtasks	2,350	1,990	2,040	1,060	940	940	1,290	1,050	1,110	780	1,030	850	400	450	410	380	570	440
Exposure to harmful substances or environments	3,220	3,030	3,020	2,350	2,240	2,240	870	800	770	1,520	2,060	1,790	870	1,360	1,150	650	700	640
Transportation incidents	450	690	680	370	560	530	80	130	150	470	570	430	360	400	240	110	170	190
Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles	330	490	480	270	380	350	50	110	130	160	220	110	130	170	70	30	50	40
Fires and explosions	-	-	20	-	-	20	-	-	-	20	30	40	-	20	30	-	-	-
Violence and other injuries by persons or animal	9,950	9,620	10,260	6,400	5,840	6,190	3,550	3,780	4,070	850	880	710	690	590	370	170	290	350
Intentional injury by other person	5,090	5,090	5,480	3,410	3,230	3,490	1,680	1,860	1,990	350	260	220	320	220	120	30	40	100
Injury by person - unintentional or intent unknown	4,530	4,220	4,330	2,720	2,370	2,360	1,800	1,850	1,970	240	300	230	150	100	80	90	200	150
Animal and insect related incidents	280	290	400	240	230	310	50	60	90	260	320	260	210	270	170	50	50	100
All other	200	200	200	150	50	90	50	160	110	420	120	320	210	90	270	200	30	40
Part of body affected by the injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Head	4,020	3,890	4,140	3,350	3,220	3,520	680	660	610	1,940	2,480	2,000	1,560	1,780	1,500	380	710	500
Eye	810	710	760	690	640	650	120	70	110	540	760	580	410	640	390	120	120	190
Neck	2,050	1,710	1,820	1,210	1,030	1,030	840	680	790	330	390	300	190	150	190	140	240	100
Trunk	30,620	29,040	28,370	17,790	16,160	15,590	12,830	12,870	12,790	8,380	9,540	7,690	4,410	5,250	4,010	3,980	4,290	3,680
Back	26,000	25,110	24,640	14,810	13,740	13,230	11,190	11,370	11,420	6,650	7,700	6,150	3,240	4,020	3,050	3,410	3,670	3,100
Upper extremities	29,030	28,140	28,220	15,050	14,620	14,170	13,980	13,520	14,050	14,140	16,080	14,080	6,980	7,510	6,280	7,160	8,570	7,800
Shoulder	9,800	9,430	9,450	5,230	4,830	4,840	4,570	4,600	4,610	2,730	3,290	3,090	1,400	1,550	1,400	1,330	1,740	1,690
Arm	3,990	3,930	3,930	2,180	2,180	2,130	1,810	1,750	1,800	2,060	2,240	2,210	1,100	1,150	1,150	960	1,090	1,050
Hand(s)	8,120	8,120	8,060	4,280	4,220	3,980	3,840	3,900	4,070	6,150	7,170	5,880	2,860	3,250	2,480	3,290	3,920	3,400
Wrist	4,830	4,500	4,580	2,260	2,280	2,250	2,570	2,220	2,330	2,100	2,390	1,850	1,090	1,130	870	1,010	1,270	980
Lower extremities	17,210	16,680	16,420	10,740	10,220	10,110	6,470	6,460	6,300	9,240	9,010	8,010	5,200	5,100	4,570	4,030	3,910	3,440
Knee	7,360	7,150	7,450	4,720	4,510	4,610	2,650	2,640	2,840	3,750	3,640	3,120	2,110	2,000	1,730	1,640	1,650	1,380
Ankle	4,250	3,560	3,560	2,550	2,170	2,130	1,700	1,390	1,430	2,200	2,250	1,900	1,230	1,240	1,120	970	1,010	780
Foot	3,230	3,530	3,280	2,010	1,990	2,040	1,220	1,540	1,230	1,920	1,560	1,490	1,100	910	940	820	650	540
Body systems	1,330	1,110	1,300	1,210	1,000	1,140	120	110	160	510	580	390	400	480	320	110	100	70
Multiple	11,160	10,950	10,420	6,900	6,770	6,340	4,260	4,180	4,080	4,150	3,490	4,030	2,310	2,130	2,270	1,840	1,360	1,760
All other	520	320	360	330	220	290	190	100	70	410	160	120	240	110	50	160	50	60
Source of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Chemical, chemical products	1,240	1,330	1,240	970	890	970	270	440	270	440	750	470	290	470	300	150	280	170
Containers	6,440	6,370	5,950	3,630	3,390	3,200	2,810	2,970	2,750	4,790	5,210	4,160	2,210	2,490	1,980	2,580	2,720	2,180
Furniture, fixtures	6,140	5,980	6,080	3,310	3,600	3,620	2,830	2,380	2,460	5,130	4,750	4,550	3,000	2,330	2,230	2,130	2,420	2,320
Machinery	2,200	2,150	1,990	1,290	1,300	1,210	920	860	780	1,790	1,890	1,810	1,090	1,170	870	700	730	940
Parts and materials	1,130	940	1,050	610	500	670	520	440	370	700	650	740	380	430	360	320	220	390
Floors, walkways, ground surfaces	15,880	15,750	13,900	10,760	10,220	8,860	5,120	5,530	5,050	7,810	8,410	7,590	4,670	4,990	4,320	3,140	3,420	3,280
Handtools	1,020	1,220	1,180	550	610	660	470	610	520	1,550	1,700	1,760	670	800	820	880	900	950
Vehicles	3,130	3,300	3,610	1,960	2,070	2,160	1,170	1,230	1,450	2,450	2,680	2,190	1,080	1,350	1,030	1,380	1,330	1,160
Person, injured or ill worker	12,960	11,800	11,930	7,420	6,680	6,810	5,540	5,120	5,110	6,910	7,590	6,240	3,740	3,960	3,430	3,170	3,630	2,820
Worker motion or position	12,660	11,460	11,530	7,140	6,420	6,510	5,510	5,040	5,030	6,710	7,200	6,050	3,560	3,600	3,260	3,150	3,600	2,790
Person, other than injured or ill workers	34,830	33,230	34,210	19,540	18,040	18,340	15,290	15,190	15,870	710	720	590	530	410	300	180	310	280
All other	10,680	9,470	9,640	6,350	5,770	5,520	4,330	3,700	4,120	6,540	7,080	6,200	3,500	3,910	3,360	3,040	3,170	2,850
Gender
Male	20,150	18,990	19,410	12,820	11,780	12,200	7,320	7,200	7,210	15,020	16,160	14,300	8,110	8,970	7,700	6,910	7,180	6,600
Female	75,730	72,730	71,420	43,720	41,420	39,850	32,010	31,300	31,570	24,030	25,520	22,000	13,160	13,500	11,270	10,870	12,030	10,740
Gender not reported	60	120	220	40	50	150	20	70	80	40	50	310	-	40	230	30	-	80
Age
Age group (16–19 yrs.)	460	460	460	280	300	250	180	160	210	770	880	730	410	550	320	360	330	420
Age group (20–24 yrs.)	5,670	5,850	5,880	3,110	2,890	3,040	2,560	2,960	2,840	3,670	3,630	3,490	1,760	1,660	1,770	1,910	1,970	1,720
Age group (25–34 yrs.)	20,400	19,000	19,240	11,310	10,240	10,380	9,100	8,770	8,860	6,850	7,700	6,900	3,780	3,890	3,430	3,070	3,800	3,470
Age group (35–44 yrs.)	21,190	19,910	19,310	12,140	11,280	10,550	9,050	8,630	8,760	7,590	8,480	6,630	4,160	4,510	3,380	3,430	3,970	3,250
Age group (45–54 yrs.)	25,170	23,680	22,760	14,990	14,310	13,420	10,180	9,370	9,330	10,310	9,890	8,900	5,560	5,480	4,790	4,750	4,410	4,110
Age group (55–64 yrs.)	19,460	19,240	19,230	12,280	11,820	11,810	7,180	7,420	7,420	7,530	7,420	7,290	4,220	4,030	3,950	3,310	3,390	3,340
Age group (65+ yrs.)	2,790	3,020	2,990	1,920	2,120	1,980	870	900	1,020	1,310	2,190	1,690	780	1,510	1,000	530	680	680
Age group (not reported)	770	660	1,180	540	300	770	220	360	410	1,070	1,540	970	610	870	540	460	660	430
Race or ethnic origin⁽⁶⁾
American Indian or Alaska native	260	250	330	170	150	210	90	90	120	280	420	210	140	380	170	130	40	50
Asian	2,420	2,350	2,380	1,480	1,200	1,350	940	1,150	1,030	1,780	1,870	1,770	1,240	1,330	1,210	540	540	560
Black or African American	9,570	9,420	9,080	6,320	5,520	5,790	3,250	3,910	3,290	4,140	3,650	3,410	2,370	1,890	2,050	1,770	1,760	1,370
Hispanic or Latino	6,360	6,950	5,670	3,870	4,150	3,420	2,500	2,800	2,260	9,630	11,070	8,930	5,040	5,510	4,280	4,590	5,560	4,650
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	310	260	280	220	120	170	90	140	110	360	310	270	210	240	170	150	60	90
White	33,860	32,010	28,790	19,550	18,580	16,870	14,300	13,420	11,920	9,150	8,670	8,060	5,530	5,550	4,470	3,620	3,120	3,580
Race not reported	43,030	40,490	44,440	24,870	23,460	24,360	18,160	17,030	20,070	13,700	15,720	13,920	6,710	7,580	6,810	6,990	8,140	7,110
Multi-race	60	50	40	30	40	20	30	-	20	30	20	30	20	-	30	-	-	-
Hispanic and other	70	50	50	70	30	-	-	20	30	30	-	20	20	-	-	-	-	-
Length of service with employer
Less than 3 months	2,890	3,700	3,820	1,690	2,140	2,200	1,200	1,560	1,620	4,090	4,320	4,460	2,550	2,640	2,220	1,540	1,680	2,230
3–11 months	11,540	12,240	13,100	6,610	6,650	7,090	4,930	5,580	6,010	7,130	7,700	6,850	4,290	4,050	3,720	2,830	3,650	3,130
1–5 years	30,760	28,150	28,870	17,610	15,560	16,150	13,150	12,590	12,720	12,810	14,270	11,190	6,850	7,380	5,810	5,960	6,890	5,380
5 years	50,000	46,410	44,270	30,200	28,080	26,190	19,810	18,330	18,090	14,220	14,340	13,070	7,160	7,960	6,920	7,060	6,370	6,150
Length of service not reported	730	1,330	980	470	820	570	260	510	410	860	1,120	1,050	430	490	520	420	630	530
Summary occupational groups⁽⁷⁾
Management, business, and financial	2,260	2,440	2,530	1,230	1,290	1,200	1,030	1,150	1,330	1,070	1,000	770	670	480	330	400	520	440
Computer, engineering, and science	460	400	230	250	200	90	220	190	150	40	30	50	20	20	40	-	-	-
Education, legal, community service, arts, and media	1,520	1,640	1,120	890	980	660	630	660	470	310	250	230	180	140	140	130	110	100
Healthcare practitioners and technical	45,630	43,750	42,840	26,140	24,770	24,170	19,490	18,980	18,680	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Service	37,840	36,280	36,920	23,080	21,690	21,460	14,760	14,600	15,470	31,140	32,900	29,180	16,720	17,390	15,270	14,420	15,510	13,910
Sales and related	220	170	200	110	90	120	120	90	80	520	660	480	240	460	310	280	200	170
Office and administrative support	4,490	4,080	4,000	2,740	2,310	2,490	1,750	1,770	1,510	1,310	1,570	1,190	870	1,010	610	440	560	580
Farming, fishing, and forestry	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	30	40	160	20	20	80	-	20	80
Construction and extraction	630	400	530	370	310	400	260	90	130	250	200	220	130	140	140	120	60	80
Installation, maintenance, and repair	1,510	1,430	1,460	940	820	890	570	610	570	2,330	2,580	2,270	1,390	1,630	1,250	940	950	1,020
Production	640	570	540	390	360	340	250	210	200	1,240	1,510	1,450	590	670	750	650	840	700
Transportation and material moving	650	620	630	400	390	370	250	220	260	810	960	560	410	520	260	400	430	300
⁽¹⁾ Cases involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART) are the sum of cases involving days away from work (DAFW) and cases with restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR). ⁽²⁾ Days-away-from-work cases include those that resulted in days away from work, some of which may also include days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽³⁾ Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽⁴⁾ Includes cases where the nature of the injury or illness is pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration. ⁽⁵⁾ Based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System 2.01 developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. ⁽⁶⁾ Race and ethnicity data do not add to total. Some cases may be counted as both multi-race and Hispanic and other race. ⁽⁷⁾ Standard Occupational Classification Manual, 2010, Office of Management and Budget. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 6a. Incidence rates of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART), days away from work (DAFW), and restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR) by selected industry and case characteristics, private industry, 2014–16
Case characteristics	Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing									General merchandise stores
	DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾			DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾
	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016
Total	396	378.2	320.2	164.3	139.3	123.6	231.6	238.9	196.6	277.3	265.3	269.8	116.1	112.1	111.4	161.2	153.2	158.4
Musculoskeletal disorders⁽⁴⁾	211.7	173.1	153.9	75.5	59.9	50.7	136.2	113.2	103.2	116.4	104.4	107.3	41.4	38.3	38	75	66	69.3
Nature of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Sprains, strains, tears	199.5	199.3	170.9	67.4	71.1	59	132.1	128.3	111.9	126.1	130.5	132	46.1	47.6	47.1	80	82.9	84.9
Fractures	20	12.8	16.4	13.6	6.8	12.1	6.5	6	4.3	13.6	13.8	14.7	8	8.3	8.1	5.6	5.5	6.5
Cuts, lacerations, punctures	27.8	35.6	25.2	8.8	15.6	8.2	19	19.9	17	24	27.5	29.3	9.2	10.3	12.1	14.8	17.2	17.2
Cuts, lacerations	25	32.4	23.8	8.2	14.5	7.4	16.8	17.9	16.3	22.1	25.7	27.6	8.3	9.3	11.2	13.8	16.4	16.4
Punctures (except gunshot wounds)	2.8	3.1	1.4	-	1.2	0.8	2.2	2	-	1.9	1.7	1.7	0.9	0.9	0.9	1	0.8	0.8
Bruise, contusions	30.2	40.8	25.3	11.7	11.1	9.6	18.5	29.7	15.7	33	29.4	29	14.1	13.4	12.3	18.9	16	16.7
Heat (thermal) burns	4.3	3.8	4.2	3.7	2.9	1.4	-	0.9	2.8	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.7
Chemical burns and corrosions	3.5	1.6	2	3.3	1.2	1.1	-	-	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amputations	1	1.1	2	0.9	1.1	1.8	-	-	-	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Carpal tunnel syndrome	1.7	1.2	-	1.7	-	-	-	0.9	-	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.2	0.2
Tendonitis	-	0.9	1.3	-	-	-	-	-	1.2	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.1	-	0.4	0.3	0.1
Multiple traumatic injuries	6.6	11.3	8.3	4	1.5	5	2.6	9.8	3.3	4.9	3.1	1.8	2.5	2	1	2.4	1.1	0.8
With fractures	-	1.1	-	-	-	-	-	1.1	-	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3	-	0.1	-	-
With sprains	-	5.9	6.8	-	-	3.6	-	5.4	3.2	3	1.5	0.7	1.4	0.9	0.3	1.6	0.5	0.5
Soreness, pain	55.8	33.1	27	23.5	12.3	10.5	32.3	20.9	16.5	42.4	30.3	32	17.8	13.3	13.7	24.6	17	18.4
All other	45.2	36.7	37.1	25.5	15	14.2	19.6	21.7	22.9	30	27.9	28.9	17.1	15.9	16.1	13	12	12.8
Event or exposure leading to injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Contact with object, equipment	90.5	104.3	86.7	37.7	34.6	29.9	52.8	69.8	56.8	83.3	84.2	85.3	33.7	34.1	34.8	49.6	50	50.5
Struck by object or equipment	45.6	54.7	42.5	19.8	19.7	14.6	25.8	35	27.9	56.6	56.9	58.2	23.7	23.6	23.8	32.9	33.4	34.3
Struck against object or equipment	22.8	29.4	13.2	9.8	8.8	4.7	12.9	20.7	8.6	16.8	17.3	16.7	6.6	6.9	7.5	10.2	10.4	9.2
Caught in or compressed by object or equipment	18.4	16.7	25.7	6.6	5.4	8.3	11.8	11.3	17.4	7.6	7	7.1	2.5	2.4	2.1	5.1	4.5	5
Falls, slips, trips	60.1	68.3	51.1	29.1	28.8	28.8	31	39.5	22.3	59.1	60.4	60.6	29.8	29.8	28.7	29.3	30.6	31.9
Fall to lower level	12.6	9	7.3	7.3	5.6	4.1	5.3	3.4	3.2	7.5	9	8.3	3.7	4.9	4.1	3.8	4.1	4.2
Fall on same level	34.1	38.8	28.3	16.1	16.2	17.5	18	22.5	10.7	42.6	43.1	44.3	22.1	21.1	21.4	20.5	22	22.9
Slips, trips without fall	12.8	17.9	14.6	5.3	6.3	7	7.5	11.5	7.6	8.6	7.4	7.4	3.9	3.3	3.1	4.7	4.2	4.3
Overexertion and bodily reaction	217.9	174.7	160	78	60.2	52.8	139.9	114.5	107.1	121.4	108.1	111.8	44.1	40.7	41	77.3	67.4	70.8
Overexertion in lifting or lowering	83.9	68.8	57.6	30.6	21.2	18.3	53.3	47.6	39.3	50.4	47	48	17.8	17	17.2	32.6	30	30.8
Repetitive motion involving microtasks	13.3	9.2	11.4	5.5	3.6	3.8	7.9	5.6	7.6	6.3	6.1	5.1	2.2	2.4	2	4	3.7	3.1
Exposure to harmful substances or environments	9.4	10.2	9.4	8.3	7.6	5.1	1.1	2.6	4.3	5.2	4.9	4.7	3.4	3.1	2.9	1.8	1.8	1.8
Transportation incidents	14.9	18.5	11.3	9.2	6.7	6.4	5.7	11.8	4.8	2.3	1.9	2.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	0.9	0.8	1
Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles	5	5.5	4.5	2.9	3.4	2.6	2.1	2.1	1.9	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.3	0.3	-	0.2	0.3
Fires and explosions	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Violence and other injuries by persons or animal	2.1	1.1	0.7	1.4	-	-	-	-	-	4.3	4.2	3.8	2.9	2.5	2.1	1.4	1.7	1.7
Intentional injury by other person	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.4	2.1	1.4	1.8	1.4	0.8	0.5	0.7	0.6
Injury by person - unintentional or intent unknown	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.2	1.1	1.4	0.5	0.6	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.6
Animal and insect related incidents	-	1.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.7	1	1	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.6
All other	1.1	0.8	1.2	-	-	-	-	-	1	1.6	1.5	1.2	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.8	0.6
Part of body affected by the injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Head	17.7	13.4	11.6	12.7	9.1	9.2	5	4.3	2.4	19.7	20.4	22	13	13	14.7	6.7	7.3	7.4
Eye	5	4.9	4.8	3.1	3.4	3.9	1.9	1.4	0.9	3	2.9	3.1	2.1	1.9	2.1	0.9	1	0.9
Neck	3.4	2.5	2.8	2	-	1.7	1.4	2	1.1	4.3	2.2	2.8	1.3	1.1	1.1	3	1.1	1.8
Trunk	132.1	111.6	93.8	47.7	43.8	33.8	84.4	67.8	60	70.4	67.3	68.3	28	28.8	27.9	42.4	38.5	40.4
Back	103.1	93	75.2	36.2	34	26.1	66.9	59	49.1	55	51.2	53	20.8	21.3	21.1	34.2	29.9	31.8
Upper extremities	115	116.5	115.5	37.5	36.8	34	77.5	79.7	81.5	92.7	94.5	96.1	29.7	30.7	31	63	63.9	65.2
Shoulder	32.6	32.4	27.7	10.7	10.4	7.9	22	22	19.8	27.5	26.4	26.1	9.8	8.9	9.3	17.7	17.4	16.8
Arm	20.1	14.2	24.5	6.1	3.1	5.4	14.1	11.1	19.1	14.5	17.2	18.4	4.6	5.9	6.1	9.9	11.3	12.4
Hand(s)	43.7	50	49.7	14	17	14.7	29.7	33	35	32.2	34.9	35.3	10.2	10.4	10.8	22	24.6	24.5
Wrist	9.3	15.4	7.9	5.2	4.1	3	4.1	11.3	4.9	15	14.1	14.8	4	4.7	3.9	11	9.4	10.8
Lower extremities	98.2	106.2	76.8	47.1	39.1	31.6	51.1	67.1	45.2	66.9	64.9	64.6	31.3	27.9	27.4	35.6	37	37.2
Knee	31.5	36.1	27.8	18.2	13.6	12.2	13.3	22.5	15.6	22.9	25.6	22.7	10.6	11	10.2	12.3	14.6	12.5
Ankle	24.4	19.9	20.3	9.6	7	9.3	14.7	12.9	11	11.2	11.7	10.4	5.2	4.9	4.7	6	6.7	5.7
Foot	26.6	27.9	15.4	12.5	10	5.5	14	17.9	9.8	22.6	20.1	23.4	10.7	7.9	8.9	11.9	12.2	14.5
Body systems	1.5	1.6	1.9	1.5	-	1.8	-	0.8	-	4.2	4.5	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.4	0.6	0.6	0.7
Multiple	26.9	25.4	17.3	14.9	8.8	11.4	12.1	16.6	5.9	17.3	10.1	9.4	8.5	6.2	4.7	8.7	3.9	4.7
All other	1	1.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.8	1.4	2.4	0.6	0.6	1.3	1.2	0.8	1.1
Source of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Chemical, chemical products	4.4	5.6	3.6	4.1	4.2	2.5	-	1.3	1	2.8	1.9	1.8	2.2	1.2	1.2	0.6	0.7	0.7
Containers	149.2	105.7	96.8	57.8	32.3	27.9	91.3	73.3	68.9	79.9	71.8	74.6	29.8	28.2	27.5	50.1	43.6	47.1
Furniture, fixtures	5.9	8.4	7.4	1.1	2.8	2.1	4.8	5.6	5.3	22.6	21.1	19.4	9.1	9.7	8.4	13.5	11.5	11
Machinery	22	24.4	20.2	9.2	10.6	7.6	12.8	13.8	12.6	9.6	11.3	11.2	3.6	4.4	4.3	6.1	6.9	6.9
Parts and materials	16.9	20.7	20.7	5	8.8	7.6	11.9	11.9	13.2	9.7	8.3	7.6	3.7	3.2	3.3	6	5.2	4.3
Floors, walkways, ground surfaces	31.4	40.4	25.4	16.3	17.4	16	15.1	23	9.4	39	39.6	40.3	20.2	19.6	19.5	18.8	20	20.9
Handtools	7.8	11	7.7	3.4	2.7	4.4	4.4	8.3	3.3	10.2	11.6	11.2	3.4	3.2	4	6.8	8.4	7.2
Vehicles	50	64.4	39.2	22.9	18.9	16.7	27.1	45.5	22.6	28.3	28.7	30.6	10.7	11.4	11.1	17.6	17.3	19.5
Person, injured or ill worker	78.8	63.7	63.8	31.5	28.3	24.3	47.3	35.4	39.5	40.6	38	37.9	16.8	15.8	16	23.9	22.2	21.9
Worker motion or position	76.9	63.4	62.9	29.7	28	23.8	47.2	35.4	39.1	38.5	35	34.8	15	13.6	13.6	23.4	21.3	21.2
Person, other than injured or ill workers	1.4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.1	3.7	3.5	3.8	2.3	2.2	1.3	1.4	1.2
All other	24.2	29.9	31.4	11.4	10.3	12.1	12.9	19.6	19.3	21.2	21.4	23.6	8.7	9.5	9.9	12.5	11.9	13.7
⁽¹⁾ Cases involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART) are the sum of cases involving days away from work (DAFW) and cases with restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR). ⁽²⁾ Days-away-from-work cases include those that resulted in days away from work, some of which may also include days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽³⁾ Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽⁴⁾ Includes cases where the nature of the injury or illness is pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration. ⁽⁵⁾ Based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System 2.01 developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 6b. Incidence rates of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART), days away from work (DAFW), and restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR) by selected industry and case characteristics, private industry, 2014–16
Case characteristics	Couriers and messengers									Waste management and remediation services
	DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾			DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾
	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016
Total	524.7	532.8	548.8	305.2	296.3	281.6	219.5	236.5	267.1	339.5	301.7	264	222.6	186.7	166.2	116.9	115	97.9
Musculoskeletal disorders⁽⁴⁾	268.3	255.8	266.7	162.8	138.2	127	105.5	117.6	139.7	113	106.3	83	67.9	63.4	40	45.1	42.9	43
Nature of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Sprains, strains, tears	231.2	248.3	257.4	118.1	120.2	120.1	113.1	128.1	137.2	156.3	129.2	119.1	94.4	74.9	62.7	61.9	54.3	56.4
Fractures	29.2	31.3	33.6	17.3	17.9	21.6	11.8	13.5	11.9	28.5	24.1	22.4	24	14.4	17.7	4.5	9.7	4.7
Cuts, lacerations, punctures	17	24.7	25.4	7.6	13.2	10	9.4	11.5	15.4	35.9	36.2	30.6	24.6	22.7	20.1	11.3	13.6	10.5
Cuts, lacerations	13.4	18.7	19.1	6.2	9.8	7.8	7.2	8.9	11.3	32.5	32.9	27.4	22.6	20.9	17.3	9.8	12	10.1
Punctures (except gunshot wounds)	3.7	6	6.2	1.4	3.4	2.2	2.2	2.6	4	3.4	3.3	3.1	2	1.8	2.8	1.4	1.6	-
Bruise, contusions	36.4	49	52.4	16	26.1	24.5	20.4	22.9	27.9	25.1	22.5	16.6	13.4	11.4	9.1	11.7	11.1	7.5
Heat (thermal) burns	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.3	1.1	2.1	-	1	1.2	0.8	-	0.9
Chemical burns and corrosions	0.4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1.1	-	-	0.9	-	0.8	-
Amputations	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	-	-	-	0.9	3.6	0.5	0.9	3.6	0.5	-	-	-
Carpal tunnel syndrome	1.1	1.4	0.9	0.8	0.5	0.6	-	1	-	0.9	1	0.7	-	0.7	-	0.8	-	-
Tendonitis	2.3	4.1	3.6	0.8	2.4	1.5	1.5	1.8	2.2	-	0.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Multiple traumatic injuries	14.4	19.3	13.7	6	10.6	5.6	8.4	8.7	8	9.9	8.3	7.7	6.5	5.1	6.5	3.4	3.2	1.2
With fractures	2.3	2.3	0.9	1.2	2	0.5	1.1	-	0.5	2.1	-	0.9	1.6	-	0.9	-	-	-
With sprains	8.2	8.8	8.6	2.8	3.7	3.3	5.4	5.1	5.3	3.7	5.6	2.8	2.1	3.6	1.7	1.6	2	1.1
Soreness, pain	123.1	67.4	85.8	94.6	41.4	45.8	28.5	26.1	40	37	37.3	38.4	27.4	27.6	28.5	9.5	9.7	10
All other	68.9	86.4	75.1	43.2	63.4	51.1	25.7	23	24.1	43.2	37	24.6	30.3	24.9	18.6	12.9	12.1	6
Event or exposure leading to injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Contact with object, equipment	100.4	104.5	118.7	46.8	46.8	55.5	53.5	57.7	63.2	82.6	86.7	63.9	51.2	51.2	39.9	31.4	35.5	24
Struck by object or equipment	56.2	64.1	72.5	26.2	29.3	33.7	29.9	34.7	38.9	49.2	50.1	38.3	29.7	33.1	24.4	19.5	16.9	13.9
Struck against object or equipment	25.4	22.2	21.9	12	9.8	9.5	13.4	12.3	12.4	18.1	15.8	8.4	12.3	6	5.5	5.8	9.8	2.9
Caught in or compressed by object or equipment	15.6	15.9	18.8	6.6	6.5	8.8	9	9.5	10	11.5	16.9	13.5	6.5	9.8	7.2	5.1	7.1	6.3
Falls, slips, trips	102.8	111.8	104.6	62.1	67	61.5	40.7	44.8	43.2	90.7	62.7	63.4	64.6	40.8	43.1	26.1	21.9	20.2
Fall to lower level	20	23.1	20.3	11.5	15	12.2	8.5	8.2	8.1	25.2	14.4	15	22.7	10.4	11.4	2.5	4	3.5
Fall on same level	57.1	56.4	54.3	38	35.6	31.3	19.1	20.8	22.9	43.7	33	33.8	28	20.8	23.6	15.7	12.2	10.2
Slips, trips without fall	25.1	31.1	27.3	12.4	15.9	16.5	12.8	15.2	10.9	16.7	12.9	13	10.3	7.8	6.9	6.5	5.1	6.1
Overexertion and bodily reaction	273.7	269.9	280.8	166.1	148	136.5	107.6	121.9	144.3	116	111.2	84.2	69.7	64.9	41.1	46.4	46.3	43.1
Overexertion in lifting or lowering	89.5	90.5	111	50	44.8	51.5	39.5	45.7	59.5	38	40.1	26.5	20.8	23.7	12.1	17.1	16.4	14.4
Repetitive motion involving microtasks	8.5	8.8	9.5	4.9	3.3	4.6	3.6	5.6	4.9	5.4	4.7	2.7	4	2.6	1.4	1.5	2.1	1.3
Exposure to harmful substances or environments	4.6	7.9	8.3	3.1	5.8	5.9	1.6	2.1	2.5	7.7	6.2	9.2	6	4.2	6.5	1.7	2	2.7
Transportation incidents	32.5	28.4	23.3	21.4	22.5	17.6	11.1	5.8	5.7	31.2	24.9	36.1	26	19.2	30.9	5.2	5.6	5.3
Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles	18.8	21.4	15.3	15	17.8	11	3.9	3.7	4.3	23.8	18.5	29.7	21	13.8	26.9	2.8	4.7	2.8
Fires and explosions	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.1	-	-	1.1	-	-	-	-	-
Violence and other injuries by persons or animal	6.9	7.7	9.3	4.1	4.3	3.5	2.8	3.4	5.8	3.5	5	2.7	2.6	4.5	1.1	0.9	-	1.5
Intentional injury by other person	0.8	1	1.1	0.5	0.4	0.7	-	0.6	0.4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Injury by person - unintentional or intent unknown	-	0.4	0.4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Animal and insect related incidents	5.9	6.3	7.8	3.5	3.6	2.6	2.5	2.7	5.2	3.5	4.6	2.4	2.6	4.3	1	0.9	-	1.4
All other	3.7	2.6	3.6	1.5	1.8	1.1	2.2	0.7	2.5	6.7	5.2	4.6	1.5	1.8	3.5	5.2	3.4	1.1
Part of body affected by the injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Head	14.8	20.7	20.4	10.3	15.5	16.2	4.5	5.2	4.2	19.5	23.7	12	17.2	20.1	9.2	2.3	3.6	2.8
Eye	2.6	2	3.5	1.8	0.8	3	0.8	1.1	0.5	7.7	5.5	2.5	6.4	3.8	2.3	1.3	1.7	-
Neck	7.2	7.7	6.6	4	5.3	3.7	3.3	2.4	2.9	3.6	2.8	1.6	2	1.1	1.3	1.6	1.7	-
Trunk	143.7	147.5	158.5	82.1	81.7	78	61.7	65.8	80.5	70.5	73	66.6	45.2	47.3	40.3	25.3	25.7	26.3
Back	111	112.5	124	61.9	60.6	59.3	49	51.9	64.6	52.2	50.9	52.3	32.2	31.2	31.5	20	19.6	20.8
Upper extremities	147.4	151.5	166.6	74.4	73.6	75.8	73	77.9	90.8	123.8	108.2	78	79.6	54	41.7	44.2	54.2	36.2
Shoulder	47.1	46.5	52.7	27.4	27.1	26.7	19.7	19.3	26	38.7	29.8	20	27.3	14.3	12	11.5	15.6	8.1
Arm	25.6	25.2	31.5	10.7	15.1	17.4	14.9	10.1	14.1	31.4	20.5	12.2	23.5	11	5.7	7.9	9.5	6.4
Hand(s)	39.3	42.1	48.9	16	17	18.2	23.4	25.1	30.6	39.6	41.2	33.3	21.7	19.2	18.9	17.9	22	14.4
Wrist	21.5	21.7	20	12.3	7.9	7.8	9.2	13.9	12.2	9.7	10.8	9.3	4.4	6.6	4.3	5.3	4.2	5
Lower extremities	168.8	157.5	155.9	106.7	89.8	85.3	62.1	67.7	70.7	85.8	65.4	68.3	51.7	43.5	40.5	34.1	21.8	27.8
Knee	66.6	54.9	52.8	47.8	36.6	31.5	18.8	18.2	21.3	34.4	23	20.6	19.7	15.6	8.9	14.7	7.4	11.7
Ankle	52	39.2	36.2	33.4	21.9	18.9	18.5	17.3	17.3	22.5	17.7	17.6	13.9	10.8	11	8.6	6.9	6.6
Foot	25	26.3	34.6	11.7	12.5	17	13.3	13.9	17.6	10.7	10.5	12.4	6.8	5.9	8.8	3.9	4.6	3.6
Body systems	4.5	8.4	7.9	3.2	6.4	5.7	1.3	1.9	2.2	3.4	2.8	4.7	2.8	2.5	4.2	0.7	-	0.5
Multiple	37.3	39	32.2	23.7	23.9	16.8	13.6	15.1	15.5	25.1	22.7	30	21.6	16.5	26.2	3.6	6.2	3.8
All other	1	0.6	0.7	1	-	-	-	0.5	0.4	7.8	3.2	3	2.7	1.7	2.8	5.1	1.5	-
Source of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Chemical, chemical products	1.2	1	1.9	0.8	0.7	1.5	0.4	-	0.4	3.6	2.7	3.1	2.7	1.8	2.7	0.9	0.9	-
Containers	179.9	197.3	225	94.3	96.3	105.4	85.5	101	119.6	59.4	54	45.9	33.5	29	23.7	25.8	24.9	22.2
Furniture, fixtures	3.4	3.4	4.1	1.7	1.5	2.1	1.7	1.9	2	8.9	5.7	2.6	5.4	3.4	1.6	3.6	2.3	1
Machinery	14.6	18.5	16.3	5.8	9.4	6	8.8	9.1	10.2	9.9	10.7	6.9	6.1	6.4	3.6	3.8	4.3	3.3
Parts and materials	29.1	27.1	30.8	16.9	13.8	14.2	12.2	13.3	16.6	29.2	28.9	27.6	17.1	18.8	15.6	12.1	10.1	12
Floors, walkways, ground surfaces	58.4	62	61.5	37	39.5	33.6	21.5	22.5	27.9	44.6	37.1	34.4	29.1	23	23.4	15.5	14	11
Handtools	2	1.9	2.7	0.7	0.8	1.5	1.3	1	1.2	11.9	18.7	8.9	6	13.9	6.3	5.9	4.8	2.6
Vehicles	88	70.9	58.7	58.7	47.5	36.5	29.3	23.5	22.2	74.4	54.8	54.1	61.8	36.4	41.5	12.5	18.4	12.6
Person, injured or ill worker	117.7	115.3	108.3	73.2	65	59.3	44.5	50.3	49	49.1	46.2	43.8	29.9	28.5	22.6	19.2	17.7	21.1
Worker motion or position	116.1	113.1	104.6	72	63.3	56.6	44.1	49.8	48	48.5	42.9	42.8	29.3	25.5	22	19.2	17.4	20.8
Person, other than injured or ill workers	2	1.5	1.7	1.7	0.9	1.1	0.4	0.6	0.6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
All other	26.9	32.1	35.2	13.3	19.7	18.9	13.5	12.4	16.2	46.2	40	34.9	29.6	23.3	23.6	16.6	16.8	11.3
⁽¹⁾ Cases involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART) are the sum of cases involving days away from work (DAFW) and cases with restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR). ⁽²⁾ Days-away-from-work cases include those that resulted in days away from work, some of which may also include days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽³⁾ Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽⁴⁾ Includes cases where the nature of the injury or illness is pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration. ⁽⁵⁾ Based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System 2.01 developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 6c. Incidence rates of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART), days away from work (DAFW), and restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR) by selected industry and case characteristics, private industry, 2014–16
Case characteristics	Hospitals									Accommodation
	DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾			DART⁽¹⁾			DAFW⁽²⁾			DJTR⁽³⁾
	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016
Total	251.1	240.5	234.3	148.1	139.5	134.3	103	101	100	266.2	278.5	241.4	144.9	150.2	126.5	121.3	128.3	114.9
Musculoskeletal disorders⁽⁴⁾	124.1	115.7	116.2	66.3	61.1	60.5	57.8	54.6	55.8	89.2	98	83.4	43.1	47.2	40.2	46	50.8	43.2
Nature of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Sprains, strains, tears	143.5	134	131.2	77.6	71.7	67.6	65.9	62.3	63.6	102.8	104	92.7	48.3	50.3	43.9	54.5	53.6	48.8
Fractures	10.2	10.7	9.2	8.1	8.4	7.5	2.1	2.2	1.8	11.8	12.5	9.6	9.2	10.1	7.4	2.6	2.4	2.3
Cuts, lacerations, punctures	6.5	6.6	6.9	4.1	3.7	4.1	2.4	2.9	2.8	25.8	28	23.5	13.2	14.5	11.3	12.6	13.5	12.2
Cuts, lacerations	5.5	5.6	5.5	3.3	3.1	3	2.2	2.4	2.5	23.5	25	21.4	11.9	12.4	10.1	11.6	12.6	11.3
Punctures (except gunshot wounds)	1	1	1.5	0.8	0.6	1.2	0.2	0.5	0.3	2.3	3	2.1	1.3	2.1	1.2	1	0.9	0.9
Bruise, contusions	26.5	28.3	27.1	16	16.9	15.9	10.5	11.4	11.2	34.5	32.4	30.1	14.8	13.4	13.3	19.8	19	16.7
Heat (thermal) burns	2.2	1.8	2.1	1.4	1.2	1.4	0.8	0.6	0.7	5.1	6.3	5.1	2.5	4	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.6
Chemical burns and corrosions	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0	0.9	0.8	0.3	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amputations	0.1	0.1	0	0.1	0.1	-	-	-	-	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.2	-	0.1	0.1
Carpal tunnel syndrome	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.2
Tendonitis	1.2	1	0.9	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.9	0.2	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.6
Multiple traumatic injuries	6.6	6.7	5.6	3.9	4	3.1	2.6	2.7	2.5	7.7	6.8	6.3	3.5	3.9	2.9	4.2	2.9	3.5
With fractures	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.1	0	0.1	0.8	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.1	0.2	-	0.4
With sprains	4.7	4.5	3.9	2.7	2.5	1.9	2	1.9	2	4.9	3.8	4.2	1.5	1.6	2	3.4	2.2	2.2
Soreness, pain	30.6	28.9	29.8	19.4	17.4	18.8	11.2	11.5	11.1	43.7	54.1	45.7	29.2	29.8	26.3	14.5	24.3	19.4
All other	22.5	21.4	20.4	16.1	14.8	14.8	6.4	6.6	5.5	32	31.9	26.2	22.4	22.3	18	9.6	9.6	8.2
Event or exposure leading to injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Contact with object, equipment	32.5	32.4	31.6	18.9	19.1	18.6	13.6	13.3	12.9	75	74.1	64.5	38.7	37.6	31.4	36.2	36.5	33
Struck by object or equipment	18.4	18.5	18	10.9	10.6	10.7	7.5	7.9	7.2	42.7	43	39.6	21.3	21.6	19.3	21.3	21.5	20.3
Struck against object or equipment	9.2	9	8.3	5.5	5.7	5.2	3.7	3.3	3.1	23.5	19.8	17.7	12.4	10.1	9.1	11.1	9.7	8.6
Caught in or compressed by object or equipment	3.8	3.8	3.9	1.9	2.1	1.7	2	1.8	2.2	7	8.2	5.1	4.2	4.2	2.1	2.7	4	3
Falls, slips, trips	55.2	54	47.6	36.5	34.6	30.1	18.8	19.4	17.5	76.1	76.1	69.1	46.2	44.8	39.4	29.8	31.3	29.8
Fall to lower level	3.2	3.1	3.3	2.3	2.1	2	0.9	1	1.4	8	7.5	6.8	5.6	4.9	3.8	2.4	2.6	2.9
Fall on same level	43.4	43.4	36.9	29	28.1	23.6	14.4	15.3	13.3	54.3	56.6	50.4	32.7	33.3	29	21.6	23.3	21.4
Slips, trips without fall	8.3	7.3	6.9	5	4.3	4.2	3.3	3	2.6	12.4	11.2	10.7	7.4	5.9	5.6	5	5.3	5
Overexertion and bodily reaction	127.2	118.5	118.5	68.4	62.9	62.1	58.7	55.6	56.4	92.8	103.9	86.2	45.4	51.4	42.1	47.4	52.5	44
Overexertion in lifting or lowering	29.3	28.4	29.7	15.7	14.9	15.6	13.6	13.5	14.1	26.6	30.5	25.3	13.2	15.6	11.3	13.3	15	14
Repetitive motion involving microtasks	6.2	5.2	5.3	2.8	2.5	2.4	3.4	2.8	2.8	5.3	6.9	5.6	2.7	3	2.7	2.6	3.8	2.9
Exposure to harmful substances or environments	8.4	7.9	7.8	6.2	5.9	5.8	2.3	2.1	2	10.4	13.8	11.8	5.9	9.1	7.6	4.5	4.7	4.2
Transportation incidents	1.2	1.8	1.8	1	1.5	1.4	0.2	0.3	0.4	3.2	3.8	2.9	2.5	2.7	1.6	0.7	1.1	1.2
Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles	0.9	1.3	1.2	0.7	1	0.9	0.1	0.3	0.3	1.1	1.5	0.7	0.9	1.1	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.3
Fires and explosions	-	-	0.1	-	-	0.1	-	-	-	0.1	0.2	0.2	-	0.2	0.2	-	-	-
Violence and other injuries by persons or animal	26.1	25.2	26.4	16.8	15.3	15.9	9.3	9.9	10.5	5.8	5.9	4.7	4.7	4	2.4	1.1	1.9	2.3
Intentional injury by other person	13.3	13.3	14.1	8.9	8.5	9	4.4	4.9	5.1	2.4	1.7	1.4	2.2	1.5	0.8	0.2	0.3	0.7
Injury by person - unintentional or intent unknown	11.9	11	11.2	7.1	6.2	6.1	4.7	4.8	5.1	1.6	2	1.5	1	0.7	0.5	0.6	1.3	1
Animal and insect related incidents	0.7	0.8	1	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.1	0.2	0.2	1.8	2.2	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.1	0.3	0.3	0.6
All other	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.3	2.8	0.8	2.1	1.4	0.6	1.8	1.4	0.2	0.3
Part of body affected by the injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Head	10.5	10.2	10.6	8.8	8.4	9.1	1.8	1.7	1.6	13.2	16.6	13.2	10.6	11.9	9.9	2.6	4.7	3.3
Eye	2.1	1.8	2	1.8	1.7	1.7	0.3	0.2	0.3	3.7	5.1	3.8	2.8	4.3	2.5	0.8	0.8	1.2
Neck	5.4	4.5	4.7	3.2	2.7	2.6	2.2	1.8	2	2.2	2.6	2	1.3	1	1.3	1	1.6	0.7
Trunk	80.2	76	73	46.6	42.3	40.1	33.6	33.7	32.9	57.1	63.7	50.7	30	35	26.5	27.1	28.7	24.2
Back	68.1	65.7	63.4	38.8	36	34	29.3	29.8	29.4	45.3	51.4	40.5	22.1	26.8	20.1	23.2	24.5	20.4
Upper extremities	76	73.7	72.6	39.4	38.3	36.5	36.6	35.4	36.2	96.3	107.3	92.8	47.5	50.1	41.4	48.8	57.2	51.4
Shoulder	25.7	24.7	24.3	13.7	12.7	12.5	12	12	11.9	18.6	22	20.4	9.5	10.4	9.2	9.1	11.6	11.1
Arm	10.4	10.3	10.1	5.7	5.7	5.5	4.7	4.6	4.6	14	14.9	14.5	7.5	7.7	7.6	6.5	7.3	6.9
Hand(s)	21.3	21.3	20.7	11.2	11	10.3	10.1	10.2	10.5	41.9	47.8	38.8	19.5	21.7	16.4	22.4	26.1	22.4
Wrist	12.7	11.8	11.8	5.9	6	5.8	6.7	5.8	6	14.3	16	12.2	7.4	7.5	5.7	6.9	8.5	6.5
Lower extremities	45	43.7	42.2	28.1	26.8	26	16.9	16.9	16.2	62.9	60.1	52.8	35.4	34	30.1	27.5	26.1	22.7
Knee	19.3	18.7	19.2	12.3	11.8	11.8	6.9	6.9	7.3	25.5	24.3	20.5	14.4	13.3	11.4	11.2	11	9.1
Ankle	11.1	9.3	9.1	6.7	5.7	5.5	4.4	3.6	3.7	15	15	12.6	8.4	8.2	7.4	6.6	6.7	5.2
Foot	8.4	9.2	8.4	5.3	5.2	5.3	3.2	4	3.2	13.1	10.4	9.8	7.5	6.1	6.2	5.6	4.4	3.6
Body systems	3.5	2.9	3.4	3.2	2.6	2.9	0.3	0.3	0.4	3.5	3.9	2.6	2.7	3.2	2.1	0.8	0.7	0.5
Multiple	29.2	28.7	26.8	18.1	17.7	16.3	11.1	10.9	10.5	28.3	23.3	26.6	15.7	14.2	14.9	12.5	9.1	11.6
All other	1.4	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.3	0.2	2.8	1.1	0.8	1.7	0.8	0.4	1.1	0.3	0.4
Source of injury or illness⁽⁵⁾
Chemical, chemical products	3.3	3.5	3.2	2.5	2.3	2.5	0.7	1.2	0.7	3	5	3.1	2	3.2	2	1	1.9	1.1
Containers	16.9	16.7	15.3	9.5	8.9	8.2	7.4	7.8	7.1	32.6	34.8	27.4	15	16.6	13	17.6	18.2	14.4
Furniture, fixtures	16.1	15.7	15.6	8.7	9.4	9.3	7.4	6.2	6.3	34.9	31.7	30	20.4	15.6	14.7	14.5	16.1	15.3
Machinery	5.8	5.6	5.1	3.4	3.4	3.1	2.4	2.2	2	12.2	12.6	11.9	7.4	7.8	5.7	4.7	4.9	6.2
Parts and materials	3	2.5	2.7	1.6	1.3	1.7	1.4	1.2	1	4.8	4.3	4.9	2.6	2.9	2.3	2.2	1.5	2.6
Floors, walkways, ground surfaces	41.6	41.3	35.8	28.2	26.8	22.8	13.4	14.5	13	53.2	56.2	50.1	31.8	33.3	28.5	21.4	22.8	21.6
Handtools	2.7	3.2	3	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.2	1.6	1.3	10.6	11.4	11.6	4.6	5.3	5.4	6	6	6.2
Vehicles	8.2	8.6	9.3	5.1	5.4	5.6	3.1	3.2	3.7	16.7	17.9	14.4	7.3	9	6.8	9.4	8.9	7.7
Person, injured or ill worker	33.9	30.9	30.7	19.4	17.5	17.5	14.5	13.4	13.2	47.1	50.6	41.2	25.5	26.4	22.6	21.6	24.2	18.6
Worker motion or position	33.1	30	29.7	18.7	16.8	16.7	14.4	13.2	12.9	45.7	48	39.9	24.2	24	21.5	21.4	24	18.4
Person, other than injured or ill workers	91.2	87	88	51.2	47.2	47.2	40	39.8	40.8	4.9	4.8	3.9	3.6	2.7	2	1.2	2.1	1.9
All other	28	24.8	24.8	16.6	15.1	14.2	11.3	9.7	10.6	44.5	47.3	40.9	23.9	26.1	22.1	20.7	21.2	18.8
⁽¹⁾ Cases involving days away from work, restricted work activity, or job transfer (DART) are the sum of cases involving days away from work (DAFW) and cases with restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR). ⁽²⁾ Days-away-from-work cases include those that resulted in days away from work, some of which may also include days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽³⁾ Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. ⁽⁴⁾ Includes cases where the nature of the injury or illness is pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration. ⁽⁵⁾ Based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System 2.01 developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Table 7. Median days of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving restricted work activity or job transfer (DJTR) by selected industry and case characteristics, private industry, 2014–16
Case and worker characteristics	Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing			General merchandise stores			Couriers and messengers			Waste management and remediation services			Hospitals			Accommodation
Case and worker characteristics	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016	2014	2015	2016
Total	14	12	14	19	17	18	16	17	16	10	9	12	14	15	15	12	14	14
Musculoskeletal disorders⁽¹⁾	14	14	16	25	24	24	19	19	19	10	12	13	16	17	17	15	21	15
Nature of injury or illness⁽²⁾
Sprains, strains, tears	12	14	16	23	22	22	18	18	18	11	9	13	15	16	16	14	16	17
Fractures	24	40	42	32	40	28	32	37	36	43	26	51	43	30	46	30	33	27
Cuts, lacerations, punctures	10	8	8	9	10	10	10	11	9	8	8	9	8	7	8	8	9	9
Cuts, lacerations	10	9	9	10	10	10	11	11	10	11	8	9	8	7	7	8	9	9
Punctures (except gunshot wounds)	3	6	-	7	5	9	8	7	6	2	3	-	6	7	8	6	13	3
Bruise, contusions	12	6	11	15	14	15	12	11	11	7	7	7	9	9	9	9	10	12
Heat (thermal) burns	-	9	10	8	11	9	-	-	-	3	-	11	6	11	9	5	4	7
Chemical burns and corrosions	-	-	12	7	3	5	-	-	-	-	9	-	7	5	3	29	9	12
Amputations	-	-	-	20	17	86	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	7
Carpal tunnel syndrome	-	93	-	91	41	31	-	30	-	15	-	-	37	48	80	7	95	45
Tendonitis	-	-	62	27	159	21	20	28	23	-	-	-	16	31	17	30	37	31
Multiple traumatic injuries	17	5	12	21	15	14	16	15	20	20	13	7	18	13	11	16	11	14
With fractures	-	32	-	36	-	-	41	-	27	-	-	-	27	8	21	21	-	60
With sprains	-	1	12	21	15	14	16	17	24	81	13	7	19	16	10	16	17	13
Soreness, pain	14	12	13	19	20	18	12	15	15	7	14	9	19	17	18	14	14	11
All other	21	7	23	16	15	15	20	16	17	6	14	10	14	14	16	16	15	14
Event or exposure leading to injury or illness⁽²⁾
Contact with object, equipment	14	10	10	13	12	12	14	14	13	8	8	9	10	10	10	9	9	10
Struck by object or equipment	15	10	10	13	12	13	14	14	12	8	6	9	10	9	10	8	9	10
Struck against object or equipment	10	8	7	12	12	12	12	14	13	6	8	11	9	9	9	12	8	13
Caught in or compressed by object or equipment	21	12	8	13	13	15	15	13	14	8	16	13	11	13	11	7	11	10
Falls, slips, trips	14	7	17	22	22	23	15	18	18	11	8	9	14	16	14	14	14	14
Fall to lower level	15	12	13	21	26	24	13	19	14	10	13	7	16	16	14	12	16	14
Fall on same level	12	6	18	23	21	23	17	15	18	27	7	9	14	16	15	14	14	14
Slips, trips without fall	13	12	27	17	21	20	14	18	18	11	7	14	14	15	14	16	14	15
Overexertion and bodily reaction	14	14	17	25	24	23	19	19	19	10	14	14	17	17	17	15	21	15
Overexertion in lifting or lowering	14	13	16	25	27	23	17	18	21	13	14	14	15	17	16	15	19	15
Repetitive motion involving microtasks	46	39	71	45	36	36	20	27	22	15	20	10	29	30	29	25	33	24
Exposure to harmful substances or environments	16	5	9	8	9	8	5	3	6	3	9	33	7	11	11	7	6	7
Transportation incidents	14	10	13	18	18	19	20	14	14	28	10	15	7	11	12	16	9	10
Roadway incidents involving motorized land vehicles	10	12	13	-	19	19	15	13	14	30	10	21	13	11	12	21	41	90
Violence and other injuries by persons or animal	-	-	-	19	11	10	11	8	6	2	-	7	14	14	12	8	8	14
Intentional injury by other person	-	-	-	30	15	10	-	22	13	-	-	-	14	12	12	7	7	97
Injury by person - unintentional or intent unknown	-	-	-	22	30	21	-	-	-	-	-	-	14	18	14	11	8	11
Animal and insect related incidents	-	-	-	7	4	6	9	7	6	2	-	7	6	9	7	8	8	15
All other	-	-	56	30	7	32	17	14	17	4	11	10	7	17	10	36	14	25
Part of body affected by the injury or illness⁽²⁾
Head	15	5	5	10	10	10	6	8	8	6	2	9	7	7	9	7	6	5
Eye	4	3	1	5	4	4	3	6	4	2	2	-	7	11	20	4	3	3
Neck	4	7	12	15	20	42	12	17	17	11	17	-	12	16	18	13	8	14
Trunk	11	11	12	21	20	20	17	16	17	11	10	9	14	14	14	14	15	15
Back	11	11	12	22	21	20	19	17	18	12	8	13	14	15	15	15	16	15
Upper extremities	15	17	17	19	17	18	20	17	16	11	10	11	16	17	15	11	14	12
Shoulder	14	23	21	34	30	30	20	23	27	10	13	15	22	22	22	18	40	14
Arm	19	15	20	19	23	23	20	13	14	15	15	10	17	16	17	14	14	12
Hand(s)	16	10	11	11	12	12	15	14	13	8	8	9	10	11	10	8	9	10
Wrist	18	28	9	31	23	18	19	23	21	75	10	44	18	18	20	14	14	19
Lower extremities	16	9	15	17	17	17	14	17	15	9	9	14	14	13	14	11	13	14
Knee	20	9	23	27	22	23	16	18	16	10	18	14	16	15	20	13	14	15
Ankle	14	13	28	14	18	20	13	15	15	11	9	10	10	14	11	11	14	14
Foot	16	10	15	14	14	14	15	17	10	8	21	14	14	12	11	11	8	10
Body systems	-	51	-	20	9	6	5	3	7	1	-	33	8	15	17	16	9	5
Multiple	12	12	15	21	29	25	16	20	20	8	11	18	15	18	17	16	12	14
All other	-	-	-	26	7	27	-	13	6	4	36	-	31	13	18	12	10	21
Source of injury or illness⁽²⁾
Chemical, chemical products	-	3	19	7	7	8	8	-	18	1	9	-	7	11	16	10	10	8
Containers	13	14	16	20	21	18	17	16	18	11	8	10	16	14	14	11	14	13
Furniture, fixtures	15	11	8	17	15	24	10	22	10	7	15	8	15	14	15	13	12	15
Machinery	28	9	8	14	13	12	15	14	14	9	8	14	9	14	18	14	7	9
Parts and materials	9	10	20	20	15	14	16	16	14	7	11	11	12	15	11	11	10	11
Floors, walkways, ground surfaces	12	6	18	22	21	23	19	18	15	27	10	11	14	16	14	13	14	14
Handtools	15	10	8	10	10	9	20	13	9	12	9	7	11	9	10	7	9	8
Vehicles	12	12	13	18	16	18	20	17	14	8	14	14	13	13	15	16	13	15
Person, injured or ill worker	16	13	16	29	22	25	16	20	18	10	14	13	18	18	18	15	20	17
Worker motion or position	16	13	17	29	22	25	16	20	18	10	16	13	18	18	18	15	20	17
Person, other than injured or ill workers	-	-	-	22	19	19	14	22	13	-	-	-	15	16	15	9	9	14
All other	9	22	11	15	14	15	11	10	11	7	7	10	13	14	12	12	14	11
Gender
Male	13	12	14	15	15	15	16	16	16	10	9	12	13	13	13	10	12	10
Female	20	13	15	21	20	19	21	19	17	15	13	10	15	16	15	14	14	15
Gender not reported	-	-	11	32	1	15	-	-	-	4	-	-	33	13	7	8	-	22
Age
Age group (16–19 yrs.)	16	29	10	13	10	11	13	12	13	4	5	5	13	8	14	7	11	9
Age group (20–24 yrs.)	9	10	16	13	13	13	14	14	14	7	14	10	10	12	12	8	8	13
Age group (25–34 yrs.)	12	8	13	17	15	16	16	15	17	12	8	13	14	14	14	12	13	10
Age group (35–44 yrs.)	12	14	16	22	22	23	20	19	20	9	9	13	16	15	15	12	14	13
Age group (45–54 yrs.)	16	14	11	25	20	22	17	20	14	10	11	10	15	17	16	13	14	14
Age group (55–64 yrs.)	15	13	18	24	24	28	17	21	17	13	13	14	15	17	16	15	15	15
Age group (65+ yrs.)	32	9	9	22	25	19	36	12	21	10	65	18	20	19	14	12	20	15
Age group (not reported)	15	24	38	32	14	24	-	61	-	4	8	13	21	14	13	15	13	20
Race or ethnic origin⁽³⁾
American Indian or Alaska native	-	-	-	24	19	18	-	-	-	8	-	-	14	11	12	10	30	14
Asian	-	155	-	20	20	25	8	-	17	-	-	6	15	26	17	14	16	15
Black or African American	10	12	14	14	18	16	19	26	16	9	9	14	13	17	14	10	10	18
Hispanic or Latino	12	23	27	25	19	19	20	19	25	11	8	9	15	17	19	13	15	18
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	-	-	20	36	15	22	-	-	-	14	-	-	32	25	29	16	7	17
White	15	13	14	16	17	16	19	15	13	9	13	14	14	14	15	12	12	10
Race not reported	14	10	14	21	17	19	15	16	16	10	8	10	15	15	15	13	13	12
Multi-race	-	-	-	18	30	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	28	-	38	-	-	-
Hispanic and other	-	-	-	29	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	47	20	-	-	-
Length of service with employer
Less than 3 months	14	10	9	13	14	14	17	14	16	11	9	13	14	14	11	9	9	10
3–11 months	14	7	12	15	15	16	14	15	16	7	8	8	13	14	14	10	14	10
1–5 years	11	13	19	19	17	17	14	15	16	10	10	13	14	14	15	13	14	14
5 years	15	14	14	25	23	25	18	20	17	10	13	13	16	16	16	14	14	16
Length of service not reported	-	12	47	32	14	14	-	24	17	4	8	58	21	13	20	15	14	18
Summary occupational groups⁽⁴⁾
Management, business, and financial	14	18	8	13	9	29	55	15	16	15	5	-	17	20	14	16	14	14
Computer, engineering, and science	47	-	32	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	8	6	23	19	12	-	-	-
Education, legal, community service, arts, and media	-	-	-	11	22	14	-	-	-	-	-	-	7	10	14	14	7	8
Healthcare practitioners and technical	-	-	-	36	14	11	-	-	-	-	-	-	14	15	15	-	-	-
Service	20	24	10	16	16	15	-	-	42	5	45	-	14	15	15	12	14	14
Sales and related	12	2	15	22	19	19	-	14	-	-	-	-	28	21	22	14	12	16
Office and administrative support	14	16	20	19	19	18	19	15	10	106	-	-	16	14	20	12	20	8
Farming, fishing, and forestry	4	55	12	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	7
Construction and extraction	-	-	-	12	10	17	-	-	-	8	6	14	8	14	11	16	6	60
Installation, maintenance, and repair	15	8	8	13	14	15	20	13	12	12	8	10	13	16	17	10	13	10
Production	15	14	19	14	15	16	19	16	19	23	12	19	22	21	19	14	14	15
Transportation and material moving	12	10	13	15	16	15	16	17	17	9	10	11	27	18	8	11	14	10
⁽¹⁾ Includes cases where the nature of the injury or illness is pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration. ⁽²⁾ Based on the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System 2.01 developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. ⁽³⁾ Race and ethnicity data do not add to total. Some cases may be counted as both multi-race and Hispanic and other race. ⁽⁴⁾ Standard Occupational Classification Manual, 2010, Office of Management and Budget. Includes cases involving only days of job transfer or restriction. Industry classification based on North American Industry Classification System United States, 2012. Note: Dash indicates data do not meet publication guidelines, data may be too small to be displayed. Because of rounding and data exclusion of nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, in cooperation with participating state agencies.

Technical Notes

Statistics of work-related injuries and illnesses are an important aspect of occupational safety and health. These statistics provide the detailed information needed to make workplaces safer for the nation’s workers. Researchers in government agencies, industry, insurance agencies, academia, public health, labor unions, and other establishments analyze trends in these data. They also study the detailed circumstances of the injuries and illnesses to assess the overall occupational safety and health of workers and to identify ways to reduce injuries and illnesses, including potential changes in safety and health regulations or programs. Results from the report allow individual establishments to compare their rates with those of their industry in order to benchmark their worker safety and health performance. Other researchers analyze the data to identify particular risks by occupation or event.

The estimates in this report were obtained from the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII), a national annual survey of over 230,000 establishments that provide a wide range of information on the labor force and occupational injuries and illnesses. National occupational safety and health statistics are a basic measure of the risks the nation’s workers and establishments take in producing goods and providing services. For this report, estimates only for private sector are reported; state and local government establishments were not surveyed for detailed information on days of job transfer or restriction.

Six industry subsectors were selected for this pilot study. Industry subsectors were selected based on their days of job transfer or restriction (DJTR) incidence rate (and to some degree, on the number of cases). Some industry subsectors were selected if the DJTR incidence rate was greater than or equal to the days away from work (DAFW) incidence rate in the respective industry subsector. For example, the 2016 rate for cases of days of job transfer or restriction was greater or equal to the rate for DAFW cases in general merchandise stores. Other industry subsectors were selected on the basis of having a sufficient mix of both DJTR and DAFW cases. For example the rate of job transfer or restriction cases in couriers and messengers in 2016 was 267.1 cases per 10,000 full-time workers and the days away from work rate was 281.6. Having this sufficient mix of both types of cases allowed for analyzing the different types of injuries, events, or occupations that lead to these outcomes.

Statements of comparison made in this report are statistically significant at the 95-percent confidence level. Statistical significance tests are based on the data as presented and aggregated in tables 1 to 7 and charts 1 to 5 in this report. Relative standard errors for each estimate are available upon request.

Concepts and definitions

The principal concepts and definitions used in connection with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) occupational safety and health data in this report are described briefly below. In fact, many of the concepts originate from the Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and are used for the BLS SOII. OSHA requires employers in high-risk industries to record injuries and illnesses each year according to OSHA recordkeeping guidelines http://www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/index.html. Employers in other industries are required to record injuries and illnesses when the Department of Labor notifies them to do so. BLS collects data from a sample that includes employers from both industries to provide estimates on occupational injuries and illnesses in the workplace.

Recordable case. Nonfatal recordable workplace injuries and illnesses are those that result in any one or more of the following:

Loss of consciousness
Days away from work
Restricted work activity or job transfer
Medical treatment beyond first aid

In addition to these four criteria, employers must also record any significant work-related injuries or illnesses that are diagnosed by a physician or other licensed healthcare professional or other instances that meet additional criteria discussed below. Significant work-related injuries or illnesses include cancers, chronic irreversible diseases, fractured or cracked bones (including teeth), or punctured eardrums. Additional cases that must be recorded as workplace injuries or illnesses include the following:

Any needle stick injury or cut from a sharp object that is contaminated with another person’s blood or other potentially infectious material
Any case requiring an employee to be medically removed, according to the requirements of an OSHA health standard
Tuberculosis infection as evidenced by a positive skin test or diagnosis by a physician or other licensed healthcare professional after exposure to a known case of active tuberculosis
An employee’s hearing test (audiogram) reveals that 1) the employee has experienced a Standard Threshold Shift (STS) in hearing in one or both ears (averaged at 2kHz, 3kHz, and 4kHz) and 2) the employee’s total hearing level is 25 decibels (dB) or more above audiometric zero (also averaged at 2kHz, 3kHz, and 4kHz) in the same ear(s) as the STS.

Additional details regarding recordability of nonfatal work-related injuries and illnesses can be found in Detailed Guidance for OSHA's Injury and Illness Recordkeeping Rule.

Occupational injury is any injury, such as a cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation that results from a work-related incident or from a single instantaneous exposure in the work environment.

Occupational illness is any abnormal condition or disorder caused by exposure to factors associated with employment, other than those resulting from an instantaneous event or exposure. It includes acute and chronic illnesses or diseases that may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion, or direct contact.

Days away from work (DAFW). Days-away-from-work cases involve injuries or illnesses for which employees used days away from work (beyond the day of injury or onset of illness) to recover from an occupational injury or illness. The number of days away from work is determined by the number of calendar days, after the date of the injury or illness, before an employee returns to work. These cases may also include days of job transfer or restricted work activity in addition to days away from work. For example, an employee suffers a work-related injury resulting in 5 days away from work and upon returning to work, the employee is unable to perform normal duties associated with the job for an additional 3 days (i.e., the employee was on restricted work activity). This case would be recorded as a days-away-from work case with 5 days away from work and 3 days of restricted work activity. It would not be recorded as days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction case.

Days of job transfer or restriction (DJTR). Days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction cases are those injuries and illnesses which result only in job transfer or restricted work activity without days away from work. This occurs when, as the result of a work-related injury or illness, an employer or health care professional recommends keeping an employee from doing the routine functions of his or her job or from working the full workday that the employee would have been scheduled to work before the injury or illness occurred. This may include the following instances:

An employee is assigned to another job on a temporary basis
An employee works at a permanent job less than full time
An employee works at a permanently assigned job but is unable to perform all duties normally connected with it

Days-away-from-work, restriction, job transfer (DART). These are injuries or illnesses that involve days away from work (beyond the day of injury or onset of illness), days of job transfer or restricted work activity, or both.

Case circumstances. Employers record narrative descriptions about the detailed circumstances of each nonfatal occupational injury or illness on OSHA case forms. This information for days away from work is then reported to the SOII. The narrative descriptions are coded using definitions and rules of selection stipulated in the BLS Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System (OIICS) manual (https://www.bls.gov/iif/oshoiics.htm). The following case circumstances describe these injuries and illnesses from different perspectives.

Nature of injury or illness names the principal physical characteristic of a disabling condition, such as sprain/strain, cut/laceration, or carpal tunnel syndrome.
Part of body affected is directly linked to the nature of injury or illness cited, for example, back sprain, finger cut, or wrist and carpal tunnel syndrome.
Source and secondary source of injury or illness identify the objects, substances, equipment, and other factors that were responsible for the injury or illness incurred by the worker or that precipitated the event or exposure. Examples are a heavy box, a toxic substance, fire/flame, and bodily motion of injured or ill worker.
Event or exposure signifies the manner in which the injury or illness was produced or inflicted, for example, overexertion while lifting or fall from ladder.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or illnesses involving a pinched nerve; herniated disc; meniscus tear; sprains, strains, tears; hernia (traumatic and non-traumatic); pain, swelling, and numbness; carpal or tarsal tunnel syndrome; Raynaud's syndrome or phenomenon; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases and disorders, when the event or exposure leading to the injury or illness is overexertion and bodily reaction, unspecified; overexertion involving outside sources; repetitive motion involving microtasks; other and multiple exertions or bodily reactions; and rubbed, abraded, or jarred by vibration.

Other circumstances include:

Day of the week the incident occurred
Time of day the incident occurred
Hours of work before the incident occurred

Median days away from work is the measure used to summarize the varying lengths of absences from work among the cases with days away from work. Half the cases involved more days and half involved less days than a specified median.

Median days of job transfer or restriction is the measure used to summarize the varying number of days in job transfer or restriction. Half the cases involved more days and half involved less days than a specified median.

Occupations referenced in this report were classified according to the Standard Occupational Classification Manual, 2010.

OSHA recordkeeping change. Effective January 1, 2002, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) revised its requirements for recording occupational injuries and illnesses. Details about the revised requirements, including a summary of the revisions and a comparison between the old and new requirements, are available at http://www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/index.html or from OSHA’s Office of Public Affairs at 202-693-1999.

These changes in OSHA recordkeeping rules resulted in changes to BLS occupational injury and illness statistics. Beginning with 2002 data and for subsequent years, BLS occupational injury and illness data collected under the new rules are not comparable with those of prior years. For example, the new rules affected how employers recorded recurring injuries or illnesses; needle stick injuries; and which days to count. Further discussion on this topic can be found in “Occupational safety and health statistics: new data for a new century,” by William J. Wiatrowski, Monthly Labor Review, October 2005.

Duration of this study. This release of data for 2014 to 2016 concludes the pilot study on collecting and disseminating data on case circumstances and worker characteristics for days of job transfer or restriction for the selected six industry subsectors. This study will continue for 2017 data for a new set of industry subsectors that include:

111 Crop production
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing
445 Food and beverage stores
484 Truck transportation
713 Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries
722 Food services and drinking places

Additional background on collecting days of job transfer or restriction data can be found in the article “Restricted work due to workplace injuries: a historical perspective,” by John W. Ruser and William J. Wiatrowski, Monthly Labor Review, March 2013, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2013/03/art3full.pdf. Details about the survey methodology can be found in the Occupational Safety and Health Statistics chapter of the BLS Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/soii/home.htm.

This report does not present all the publishable estimates and rates for days-of-job-transfer-or-restriction cases. Additional detailed data and charts are available from BLS staff at (202) 691-6170, iifstaff@bls.gov, and the BLS Internet site at www.bls.gov/iif/oshcdnew.htm.

The material in this report is in the public domain and may be used without permission.

Upon request, the information presented here is available to individuals who are sensory impaired. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.