November 2017
Report 1071
Women in the labor force: a databook
The rapid rise in women’s labor force participation was a major development in the labor market during the second half of the 20th century. Women’s labor force participation increased dramatically from the 1960s through the 1980s, before slowing in the 1990s. After reaching a peak of 60.0 percent in 1999, labor force participation among women began a gradual decline. In 2016, 56.8 percent of all women participated in the labor force.
There have been a number of notable changes over this period with regards to women’s involvement in the labor market. Women now are more likely to work full time and year round than in earlier decades and attain higher levels of education. The proportion of women ages 25 to 64 in the labor force who held a college degree more than tripled from 1970 to 2016, increasing from 11 percent to 42 percent; the proportion of men with a college degree about doubled over that time. Women’s earnings as a proportion of men’s earnings also have grown over time. In 1979, women working full time earned 62 percent of what men earned; in 2016, women’s earnings were 82 percent of men’s.
This report presents historical and recent labor force and earnings data for women and men from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of approximately 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Unless otherwise noted, data are annual averages from the CPS. (For a detailed description of the source of the data and an explanation of concepts and definitions used, see the technical notes at the end of this report.)
Selected demographic characteristics
Women’s labor force participation was 56.8 percent in 2016, little changed from 56.7 percent in 2015. Men’s labor force participation, which always has been much higher than that for women, also was little changed at 69.2 percent in 2016. (See table 2.)
In 2016, the unemployment rate for women was 4.8 percent, down 0.4 percentage point from a year earlier. The rate for men was 4.9 percent in 2016, down 0.5 percentage point from a year earlier. Women’s jobless rates varied by race and ethnicity. Asian women had the lowest rate (3.9 percent), followed by White (4.2 percent), Hispanic or Latino (6.3 percent), and Black or African American (7.8 percent) women; men’s jobless rates exhibit this same pattern. (See tables 2 and 3.)
Labor force participation varies by marital status and differs between women and men. Divorced women had a higher labor force participation rate than married women, 62.5 percent versus 57.9 percent in 2016. By contrast, married men were more likely to participate in the labor force (73.1 percent) than divorced men (66.0 percent). (See table 4.)
The labor force participation rate of all women with children under 18 years of age was 70.8 percent in March 2016, up from 69.9 percent in 2015. Among mothers, the labor force participation rate was higher for those with children 6 to 17 years old than for those with younger children. In March 2016, the rate for women with children 6 to 17 years old was 75.0 percent. The rate for those with children under 6 years old was 65.3 percent, and the rate for women with children under 3 years old was lower, at 63.1 percent. (See tables 5 and 7; data were collected in the 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS.)
Unmarried mothers are more likely to participate in the labor force than married mothers. In March 2016, 75.9 percent of unmarried mothers with children under 18 years old were in the labor force, compared with 68.6 percent of married mothers with children in the same age range. (See table 6; data were collected in the 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS.)
Educational attainment
The educational attainment of women ages 25 to 64 in the labor force has risen substantially over the past 45 years. In 2016, 42 percent of these women held a Bachelor’s degree and higher, compared with 11 percent in 1970. In 2016, 6 percent of women had less than a high school diploma—that is, did not graduate from high school or earn a GED—down from 34 percent in 1970. (See tables 9A and 9B)
Occupation and industry
In 2016, women accounted for 52 percent of all workers employed in management, professional, and related occupations, somewhat more than their share of total employment (47 percent). The share of women in specific occupations within this large category varied. For example, 20 percent of software developers, 27 percent of chief executives, and 38 percent of physicians and surgeons were women, whereas 90 percent of registered nurses, 79 percent of elementary and middle school teachers, and 61 percent of accountants and auditors were women. (See table 11.)
Asian and White women were more likely to work in higher paying management, professional, and related occupations (51 percent and 44 percent, respectively) in 2016 than were Black (35 percent) and Hispanic (27 percent) women. Meanwhile, Hispanic (32 percent) and Black (29 percent) women were more likely than Asian and White women (20 percent each) to work in lower paying service occupations. (See table 12.)
In 2016, women accounted for more than half of all workers within several industry sectors: financial activities (52 percent), education and health services (75 percent), leisure and hospitality (51 percent), and other services (52 percent). However, women were substantially underrepresented (relative to their share of total employment) in agriculture (25 percent), mining (13 percent), construction (9 percent), manufacturing (29 percent), and transportation and utilities (24 percent). (See table 14.)
Earnings
In 2016, women who worked full time in wage and salary jobs had median usual weekly earnings of $749, which represented 82 percent of men’s median weekly earnings ($915). Among women, earnings were higher for Asians ($902) and Whites ($766) than for Blacks ($641) and Hispanics ($586). Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios were higher for Blacks and Hispanics (89 percent and 88 percent, respectively) than for Whites (81 percent) and Asians (78 percent). (See table 16; note that the comparisons of earnings in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that may be important in explaining earnings differences.)
In 2016, female full-time wage and salary workers age 25 and older with only a high school diploma had median usual weekly earnings of $599, which represented 83 percent of the earnings of women with an associate’s degree ($720) and 54 percent of the earnings of women with a bachelor’s degree and higher ($1,101). (See table 17.)
Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers were the highest in 2016 for female chief executives ($1,876), pharmacists ($1,839), and nurse practitioners ($1,753). Earnings for men were highest for chief executives ($2,419), physicians and surgeons ($2,343), and architectural and engineering managers ($2,265). (See table 18.)
In 2016, 3 percent of all women paid at an hourly rate had earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage ($7.25 per hour). Among women 25 years and older who were paid at an hourly rate, 2 percent had earnings at or below the minimum wage, compared with 8 percent of women ages 16 to 24. (See table 20.)
Hours of work
In 2016, 25 percent of employed women usually worked part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week. The percentage of employed women working part time has not changed much over the past 5 decades. In comparison, 12 percent of employed men usually worked part time in 2016. This rate for men has gradually trended up over time, leveling off in recent years. (See table 21.)
Of all women who worked at some point during calendar year 2015, 61 percent worked full time and year round, compared with 41 percent in 1970. The proportion of men who worked full time and year round also rose over the period, from 66 percent in 1970 to 74 percent in 2015. (See table 23; data were collected in the 1971 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)
Married-couple families
Among married-couple families, 54 percent had earnings from both the wife and the husband in 2015, compared with 44 percent in 1967. Couples in which only the husband worked represented 19 percent of married-couple families in 2015, versus 36 percent in 1967. (See table 24B; data were collected in the 1968 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)
In 2015, working wives contributed 37 percent of their families’ incomes, up by 10 percentage points from 1970, when wives’ earnings accounted for 27 percent of their families’ total income. The proportion of wives earning more than their husbands has grown also. In 1987, 18 percent of working wives earned more than their working spouses; in 2015, 29 percent of wives earned more than their husbands. (See tables 25 and 26; data were collected in the 1971, 1988, and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)
The working poor
Among people who were in the labor force for at least 27 weeks in 2015, more women (4.5 million) than men (4.1 million) lived below the official poverty level. The working-poor rate (the ratio of the working poor to all individuals who were in the labor force for at least 27 weeks) was 6.3 percent for women and 5.0 percent for men. Black and Hispanic women were considerably more likely than White or Asian women to be among the working poor. The working-poor rates for Black and Hispanic women were 13.3 percent and 10.8 percent, respectively, compared with 5.2 percent for White women and 3.7 percent for Asian women. (See table 27; data are from the 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)
Worker displacement
From January 2013 through December 2015, 3.2 million workers age 20 and older were displaced from jobs they had held for at least 3 years; women accounted for 44 percent of those displaced. Labor market outcomes were similar for displaced women and men. Displaced women were about as likely as men to have found a new job in January 2016: the reemployment rate for women was 64 percent and 67 percent for men. Displaced women and men were equally likely to be unemployed in January 2016, at 16 percent. About 20 percent of displaced women and 18 percent of displaced men had left the labor force in January 2016. (See table 28.) (Data are from the January 2016 Displaced Worker, Employee Tenure, and Occupational Mobility Supplement to the CPS.)
Employee Tenure
In January 2016, median employee tenure (the point at which half of all workers had more tenure and half had less tenure) for women declined to 4.0 years from 4.5 years in January 2014. For men, median tenure also declined; it was 4.3 years in January 2016, compared with 4.7 years in January 2014. (See table 29.) (Data are from the January 2016 Displaced Worker, Employee Tenure, and Occupational Mobility Supplement to the CPS.)
School Enrollment
Of the 3.1 million youth ages 16 to 24 who graduated from high school between January and October 2016, about 70 percent (2.2 million) were enrolled in college in October. For 2016 high school graduates, the college enrollment rate was 72 percent for young women and 67 percent for young men. (See table 30.) (Data are from the October 2016 School Enrollment Supplement to the CPS.)
Among high school students, female students were more likely to be in the labor force (23.5 percent) in October 2016 than their male counterparts (18.1 percent). Among college students, labor force participation rates were similar for women and men (48.3 percent and 47.0 percent, respectively). (See table 31.) (Data are from the October 2016 School Enrollment Supplement to the CPS.)
Among youth ages 16 to 24 not enrolled in school in October 2016, the unemployment rates for those who did not have a high school diploma were 20.7 percent for young women and 24.0 percent for young men. In contrast, the jobless rates of young women and men with at least a bachelor's degree were 5.1 percent and 8.3 percent, respectively.
Multiple jobholders and the self-employed
In 2016, 7.5 million people worked more than one job, slightly more than half of whom were women (3.9 million). The multiple jobholding rate for women, at 5.5 percent, was higher than that for men, at 4.5 percent. (See table 32.)
In 2016, 4.8 percent of working women in nonagricultural industries were self-employed, compared with 6.8 percent of their male counterparts. Among the self-employed, 39 percent were women in 2016, compared with 27 percent in 1976. (See table 33.)
Foreign born
Foreign-born women were less likely than native-born women to be in the labor force in 2016 (53.4 percent, compared with 57.5 percent). By contrast, foreign-born men were more likely to be in the labor force (77.8 percent) than native-born men (67.5 percent). Among women, unemployment rates were similar for the foreign-born and native born in 2016 (5.1 percent and 4.7 percent, respectively). At 3.8 percent, the unemployment rate for foreign-born men was lower than that of native-born men (5.2 percent). (See table 34.)
Union membership
In 2016, 10.2 percent of female wage and salary workers were members of unions, compared with 11.2 percent for their male counterparts. For both men and women, the union membership rate in 2016 was lower than in 1983, but the rate has fallen much more for men over the 1983–2015 period. In 1983, union membership rates were 24.7 percent for men and 14.6 percent for women. (See table 35.)
Veterans
There were 1.2 million female veterans in the labor force in 2016. This represented about 12 percent of the 10.6 million veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces in the labor force. The unemployment rate for female veterans, at 5.0 percent in 2016, was similar to that of male veterans, at 4.2 percent. (See table 36.)
Women with disabilities
Of the 16.0 million women with disabilities in 2016, 2.7 million, or 16.9 percent, participated in the labor force. About half of women with disabilities were age 65 and older; labor force participation among this age group was 5.5 percent, compared with 28.3 percent for those ages 16 to 64. Among people with a disability, the unemployment rate for women was 11.0 percent and that for men was 10.1 percent, more than twice the rates of women and men without a disability (4.6 percent and 4.7 percent, respectively). (See table 37.)
Statistical Tables
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, by age and gender, 2016 annual averages (Number in thousands)
| Age |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Civilian labor force |
Not in labor force |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Employed |
Unemployed |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Percentage of labor force |
|
Total
|
|
|
16 years and older
|
253,538 |
159,187 |
62.8 |
151,436 |
59.7 |
7,751 |
4.9 |
94,351 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
16,714 |
5,889 |
35.2 |
4,965 |
29.7 |
925 |
15.7 |
10,824 |
|
16 to 17 years
|
8,994 |
2,127 |
23.6 |
1,747 |
19.4 |
380 |
17.9 |
6,867 |
|
18 to 19 years
|
7,720 |
3,763 |
48.7 |
3,218 |
41.7 |
545 |
14.5 |
3,957 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
21,721 |
15,313 |
70.5 |
14,027 |
64.6 |
1,286 |
8.4 |
6,408 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
125,761 |
102,248 |
81.3 |
98,004 |
77.9 |
4,244 |
4.2 |
23,513 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
43,547 |
35,519 |
81.6 |
33,722 |
77.4 |
1,797 |
5.1 |
8,027 |
|
25 to 29 years
|
22,265 |
18,100 |
81.3 |
17,088 |
76.7 |
1,012 |
5.6 |
4,165 |
|
30 to 34 years
|
21,282 |
17,420 |
81.9 |
16,634 |
78.2 |
786 |
4.5 |
3,862 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
39,817 |
32,820 |
82.4 |
31,562 |
79.3 |
1,258 |
3.8 |
6,997 |
|
35 to 39 years
|
20,394 |
16,784 |
82.3 |
16,121 |
79.0 |
663 |
4.0 |
3,610 |
|
40 to 44 years
|
19,422 |
16,036 |
82.6 |
15,441 |
79.5 |
594 |
3.7 |
3,387 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
42,397 |
33,909 |
80.0 |
32,720 |
77.2 |
1,189 |
3.5 |
8,489 |
|
45 to 49 years
|
20,703 |
16,910 |
81.7 |
16,298 |
78.7 |
611 |
3.6 |
3,793 |
|
50 to 54 years
|
21,694 |
16,999 |
78.4 |
16,421 |
75.7 |
577 |
3.4 |
4,696 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
41,308 |
26,465 |
64.1 |
25,524 |
61.8 |
941 |
3.6 |
14,843 |
|
55 to 59 years
|
21,804 |
15,584 |
71.5 |
15,031 |
68.9 |
553 |
3.6 |
6,220 |
|
60 to 64 years
|
19,504 |
10,881 |
55.8 |
10,493 |
53.8 |
388 |
3.6 |
8,623 |
|
65 years and older
|
48,035 |
9,272 |
19.3 |
8,916 |
18.6 |
355 |
3.8 |
38,763 |
|
65 to 69 years
|
16,671 |
5,367 |
32.2 |
5,168 |
31.0 |
199 |
3.7 |
11,305 |
|
70 to 74 years
|
11,765 |
2,254 |
19.2 |
2,165 |
18.4 |
88 |
3.9 |
9,511 |
|
75 years and older
|
19,599 |
1,651 |
8.4 |
1,583 |
8.1 |
68 |
4.1 |
17,947 |
|
Women
|
|
|
16 years and older
|
131,040 |
74,432 |
56.8 |
70,868 |
54.1 |
3,564 |
4.8 |
56,608 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
8,239 |
2,894 |
35.1 |
2,481 |
30.1 |
413 |
14.3 |
5,345 |
|
16 to 17 years
|
4,485 |
1,099 |
24.5 |
922 |
20.6 |
177 |
16.1 |
3,386 |
|
18 to 19 years
|
3,754 |
1,795 |
47.8 |
1,559 |
41.5 |
236 |
13.2 |
1,959 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
10,823 |
7,359 |
68.0 |
6,815 |
63.0 |
545 |
7.4 |
3,464 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
63,950 |
47,522 |
74.3 |
45,490 |
71.1 |
2,032 |
4.3 |
16,428 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
21,976 |
16,369 |
74.5 |
15,537 |
70.7 |
832 |
5.1 |
5,608 |
|
25 to 29 years
|
11,198 |
8,439 |
75.4 |
7,985 |
71.3 |
455 |
5.4 |
2,758 |
|
30 to 34 years
|
10,779 |
7,929 |
73.6 |
7,553 |
70.1 |
377 |
4.8 |
2,850 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
20,303 |
15,134 |
74.5 |
14,520 |
71.5 |
614 |
4.1 |
5,169 |
|
35 to 39 years
|
10,378 |
7,692 |
74.1 |
7,362 |
70.9 |
330 |
4.3 |
2,686 |
|
40 to 44 years
|
9,925 |
7,442 |
75.0 |
7,158 |
72.1 |
284 |
3.8 |
2,482 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
21,670 |
16,019 |
73.9 |
15,433 |
71.2 |
586 |
3.7 |
5,651 |
|
45 to 49 years
|
10,561 |
7,963 |
75.4 |
7,662 |
72.5 |
301 |
3.8 |
2,598 |
|
50 to 54 years
|
11,109 |
8,056 |
72.5 |
7,771 |
70.0 |
285 |
3.5 |
3,053 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
21,441 |
12,527 |
58.4 |
12,114 |
56.5 |
413 |
3.3 |
8,914 |
|
55 to 59 years
|
11,247 |
7,416 |
65.9 |
7,171 |
63.8 |
245 |
3.3 |
3,831 |
|
60 to 64 years
|
10,194 |
5,111 |
50.1 |
4,943 |
48.5 |
168 |
3.3 |
5,083 |
|
65 years and older
|
26,587 |
4,130 |
15.5 |
3,968 |
14.9 |
162 |
3.9 |
22,457 |
|
65 to 69 years
|
8,831 |
2,472 |
28.0 |
2,386 |
27.0 |
86 |
3.5 |
6,359 |
|
70 to 74 years
|
6,352 |
967 |
15.2 |
924 |
14.6 |
43 |
4.4 |
5,385 |
|
75 years and older
|
11,404 |
691 |
6.1 |
658 |
5.8 |
33 |
4.8 |
10,713 |
|
Men
|
|
|
16 years and older
|
122,497 |
84,755 |
69.2 |
80,568 |
65.8 |
4,187 |
4.9 |
37,743 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
8,475 |
2,995 |
35.3 |
2,484 |
29.3 |
512 |
17.1 |
5,479 |
|
16 to 17 years
|
4,509 |
1,028 |
22.8 |
825 |
18.3 |
203 |
19.7 |
3,481 |
|
18 to 19 years
|
3,966 |
1,967 |
49.6 |
1,659 |
41.8 |
309 |
15.7 |
1,998 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
10,897 |
7,954 |
73.0 |
7,212 |
66.2 |
742 |
9.3 |
2,943 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
61,811 |
54,726 |
88.5 |
52,514 |
85.0 |
2,212 |
4.0 |
7,085 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
21,570 |
19,151 |
88.8 |
18,185 |
84.3 |
966 |
5.0 |
2,420 |
|
25 to 29 years
|
11,068 |
9,660 |
87.3 |
9,104 |
82.3 |
557 |
5.8 |
1,407 |
|
30 to 34 years
|
10,503 |
9,490 |
90.4 |
9,081 |
86.5 |
409 |
4.3 |
1,012 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
19,514 |
17,686 |
90.6 |
17,042 |
87.3 |
644 |
3.6 |
1,828 |
|
35 to 39 years
|
10,016 |
9,092 |
90.8 |
8,759 |
87.4 |
334 |
3.7 |
924 |
|
40 to 44 years
|
9,497 |
8,593 |
90.5 |
8,283 |
87.2 |
310 |
3.6 |
904 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
20,727 |
17,890 |
86.3 |
17,287 |
83.4 |
602 |
3.4 |
2,837 |
|
45 to 49 years
|
10,142 |
8,947 |
88.2 |
8,637 |
85.2 |
310 |
3.5 |
1,195 |
|
50 to 54 years
|
10,585 |
8,942 |
84.5 |
8,651 |
81.7 |
292 |
3.3 |
1,643 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
19,867 |
13,938 |
70.2 |
13,410 |
67.5 |
528 |
3.8 |
5,929 |
|
55 to 59 years
|
10,557 |
8,168 |
77.4 |
7,860 |
74.5 |
308 |
3.8 |
2,388 |
|
60 to 64 years
|
9,310 |
5,770 |
62.0 |
5,550 |
59.6 |
220 |
3.8 |
3,540 |
|
65 years and older
|
21,448 |
5,141 |
24.0 |
4,948 |
23.1 |
193 |
3.8 |
16,306 |
|
65 to 69 years
|
7,841 |
2,894 |
36.9 |
2,781 |
35.5 |
113 |
3.9 |
4,946 |
|
70 to 74 years
|
5,412 |
1,286 |
23.8 |
1,241 |
22.9 |
46 |
3.5 |
4,126 |
|
75 years and older
|
8,195 |
960 |
11.7 |
926 |
11.3 |
35 |
3.6 |
7,234 |
Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 16 years and older, by gender, 1948–2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Year |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Civilian labor force |
Not in labor force |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Employed |
Unemployed |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Percentage of labor force |
|
Total
|
|
|
1948
|
103,068 |
60,621 |
58.8 |
58,343 |
56.6 |
2,276 |
3.8 |
42,447 |
|
1949
|
103,994 |
61,286 |
58.9 |
57,651 |
55.4 |
3,637 |
5.9 |
42,708 |
|
1950
|
104,995 |
62,208 |
59.2 |
58,918 |
56.1 |
3,288 |
5.3 |
42,787 |
|
1951
|
104,621 |
62,017 |
59.2 |
59,961 |
57.3 |
2,055 |
3.3 |
42,604 |
|
1952
|
105,231 |
62,138 |
59.0 |
60,250 |
57.3 |
1,883 |
3.0 |
43,093 |
|
1953
|
107,056 |
63,015 |
58.9 |
61,179 |
57.1 |
1,834 |
2.9 |
44,041 |
|
1954
|
108,321 |
63,643 |
58.8 |
60,109 |
55.5 |
3,532 |
5.5 |
44,678 |
|
1955
|
109,683 |
65,023 |
59.3 |
62,170 |
56.7 |
2,852 |
4.4 |
44,660 |
|
1956
|
110,954 |
66,552 |
60.0 |
63,799 |
57.5 |
2,750 |
4.1 |
44,402 |
|
1957
|
112,265 |
66,929 |
59.6 |
64,071 |
57.1 |
2,859 |
4.3 |
45,336 |
|
1958
|
113,727 |
67,639 |
59.5 |
63,036 |
55.4 |
4,602 |
6.8 |
46,088 |
|
1959
|
115,329 |
68,369 |
59.3 |
64,630 |
56.0 |
3,740 |
5.5 |
46,960 |
|
1960
|
117,245 |
69,628 |
59.4 |
65,778 |
56.1 |
3,852 |
5.5 |
47,617 |
|
1961
|
118,771 |
70,459 |
59.3 |
65,746 |
55.4 |
4,714 |
6.7 |
48,312 |
|
1962
|
120,153 |
70,614 |
58.8 |
66,702 |
55.5 |
3,911 |
5.5 |
49,539 |
|
1963
|
122,416 |
71,833 |
58.7 |
67,762 |
55.4 |
4,070 |
5.7 |
50,583 |
|
1964
|
124,485 |
73,091 |
58.7 |
69,305 |
55.7 |
3,786 |
5.2 |
51,394 |
|
1965
|
126,513 |
74,455 |
58.9 |
71,088 |
56.2 |
3,366 |
4.5 |
52,058 |
|
1966
|
128,058 |
75,770 |
59.2 |
72,895 |
56.9 |
2,875 |
3.8 |
52,288 |
|
1967
|
129,874 |
77,347 |
59.6 |
74,372 |
57.3 |
2,975 |
3.8 |
52,527 |
|
1968
|
132,028 |
78,737 |
59.6 |
75,920 |
57.5 |
2,817 |
3.6 |
53,291 |
|
1969
|
134,335 |
80,734 |
60.1 |
77,902 |
58.0 |
2,832 |
3.5 |
53,602 |
|
1970
|
137,085 |
82,771 |
60.4 |
78,678 |
57.4 |
4,093 |
4.9 |
54,315 |
|
1971
|
140,216 |
84,382 |
60.2 |
79,367 |
56.6 |
5,016 |
5.9 |
55,834 |
|
1972
|
144,126 |
87,034 |
60.4 |
82,153 |
57.0 |
4,882 |
5.6 |
57,091 |
|
1973
|
147,096 |
89,429 |
60.8 |
85,064 |
57.8 |
4,365 |
4.9 |
57,667 |
|
1974
|
150,120 |
91,949 |
61.3 |
86,794 |
57.8 |
5,156 |
5.6 |
58,171 |
|
1975
|
153,153 |
93,775 |
61.2 |
85,846 |
56.1 |
7,929 |
8.5 |
59,377 |
|
1976
|
156,150 |
96,158 |
61.6 |
88,752 |
56.8 |
7,406 |
7.7 |
59,991 |
|
1977
|
159,033 |
99,009 |
62.3 |
92,017 |
57.9 |
6,991 |
7.1 |
60,025 |
|
1978
|
161,910 |
102,251 |
63.2 |
96,048 |
59.3 |
6,202 |
6.1 |
59,659 |
|
1979
|
164,863 |
104,962 |
63.7 |
98,824 |
59.9 |
6,137 |
5.8 |
59,900 |
|
1980
|
167,745 |
106,940 |
63.8 |
99,303 |
59.2 |
7,637 |
7.1 |
60,806 |
|
1981
|
170,130 |
108,670 |
63.9 |
100,397 |
59.0 |
8,273 |
7.6 |
61,460 |
|
1982
|
172,271 |
110,204 |
64.0 |
99,526 |
57.8 |
10,678 |
9.7 |
62,067 |
|
1983
|
174,215 |
111,550 |
64.0 |
100,834 |
57.9 |
10,717 |
9.6 |
62,665 |
|
1984
|
176,383 |
113,544 |
64.4 |
105,005 |
59.5 |
8,539 |
7.5 |
62,839 |
|
1985
|
178,206 |
115,461 |
64.8 |
107,150 |
60.1 |
8,312 |
7.2 |
62,744 |
|
1986
|
180,587 |
117,834 |
65.3 |
109,597 |
60.7 |
8,237 |
7.0 |
62,752 |
|
1987
|
182,753 |
119,865 |
65.6 |
112,440 |
61.5 |
7,425 |
6.2 |
62,888 |
|
1988
|
184,613 |
121,669 |
65.9 |
114,968 |
62.3 |
6,701 |
5.5 |
62,944 |
|
1989
|
186,393 |
123,869 |
66.5 |
117,342 |
63.0 |
6,528 |
5.3 |
62,523 |
|
1990
|
189,164 |
125,840 |
66.5 |
118,793 |
62.8 |
7,047 |
5.6 |
63,324 |
|
1991
|
190,925 |
126,346 |
66.2 |
117,718 |
61.7 |
8,628 |
6.8 |
64,578 |
|
1992
|
192,805 |
128,105 |
66.4 |
118,492 |
61.5 |
9,613 |
7.5 |
64,700 |
|
1993
|
194,838 |
129,200 |
66.3 |
120,259 |
61.7 |
8,940 |
6.9 |
65,638 |
|
1994
|
196,814 |
131,056 |
66.6 |
123,060 |
62.5 |
7,996 |
6.1 |
65,758 |
|
1995
|
198,584 |
132,304 |
66.6 |
124,900 |
62.9 |
7,404 |
5.6 |
66,280 |
|
1996
|
200,591 |
133,943 |
66.8 |
126,708 |
63.2 |
7,236 |
5.4 |
66,647 |
|
1997
|
203,133 |
136,297 |
67.1 |
129,558 |
63.8 |
6,739 |
4.9 |
66,837 |
|
1998
|
205,220 |
137,673 |
67.1 |
131,463 |
64.1 |
6,210 |
4.5 |
67,547 |
|
1999
|
207,753 |
139,368 |
67.1 |
133,488 |
64.3 |
5,880 |
4.2 |
68,385 |
|
2000
|
212,577 |
142,583 |
67.1 |
136,891 |
64.4 |
5,692 |
4.0 |
69,994 |
|
2001
|
215,092 |
143,734 |
66.8 |
136,933 |
63.7 |
6,801 |
4.7 |
71,359 |
|
2002
|
217,570 |
144,863 |
66.6 |
136,485 |
62.7 |
8,378 |
5.8 |
72,707 |
|
2003
|
221,168 |
146,510 |
66.2 |
137,736 |
62.3 |
8,774 |
6.0 |
74,658 |
|
2004
|
223,357 |
147,401 |
66.0 |
139,252 |
62.3 |
8,149 |
5.5 |
75,956 |
|
2005
|
226,082 |
149,320 |
66.0 |
141,730 |
62.7 |
7,591 |
5.1 |
76,762 |
|
2006
|
228,815 |
151,428 |
66.2 |
144,427 |
63.1 |
7,001 |
4.6 |
77,387 |
|
2007
|
231,867 |
153,124 |
66.0 |
146,047 |
63.0 |
7,078 |
4.6 |
78,743 |
|
2008
|
233,788 |
154,287 |
66.0 |
145,362 |
62.2 |
8,924 |
5.8 |
79,501 |
|
2009
|
235,801 |
154,142 |
65.4 |
139,877 |
59.3 |
14,265 |
9.3 |
81,659 |
|
2010
|
237,830 |
153,889 |
64.7 |
139,064 |
58.5 |
14,825 |
9.6 |
83,941 |
|
2011
|
239,618 |
153,617 |
64.1 |
139,869 |
58.4 |
13,747 |
8.9 |
86,001 |
|
2012
|
243,284 |
154,975 |
63.7 |
142,469 |
58.6 |
12,506 |
8.1 |
88,310 |
|
2013
|
245,679 |
155,389 |
63.2 |
143,929 |
58.6 |
11,460 |
7.4 |
90,290 |
|
2014
|
247,947 |
155,922 |
62.9 |
146,305 |
59.0 |
9,617 |
6.2 |
92,025 |
|
2015
|
250,801 |
157,130 |
62.7 |
148,834 |
59.3 |
8,296 |
5.3 |
93,671 |
|
2016
|
253,538 |
159,187 |
62.8 |
151,436 |
59.7 |
7,751 |
4.9 |
94,351 |
|
Women
|
|
|
1948
|
53,071 |
17,335 |
32.7 |
16,617 |
31.3 |
717 |
4.1 |
35,737 |
|
1949
|
53,670 |
17,788 |
33.1 |
16,723 |
31.2 |
1,065 |
6.0 |
35,883 |
|
1950
|
54,270 |
18,389 |
33.9 |
17,340 |
32.0 |
1,049 |
5.7 |
35,881 |
|
1951
|
54,895 |
19,016 |
34.6 |
18,181 |
33.1 |
834 |
4.4 |
35,879 |
|
1952
|
55,529 |
19,269 |
34.7 |
18,568 |
33.4 |
698 |
3.6 |
36,261 |
|
1953
|
56,305 |
19,382 |
34.4 |
18,749 |
33.3 |
632 |
3.3 |
36,924 |
|
1954
|
56,925 |
19,678 |
34.6 |
18,490 |
32.5 |
1,188 |
6.0 |
37,247 |
|
1955
|
57,574 |
20,548 |
35.7 |
19,551 |
34.0 |
998 |
4.9 |
37,026 |
|
1956
|
58,228 |
21,461 |
36.9 |
20,419 |
35.1 |
1,039 |
4.8 |
36,769 |
|
1957
|
58,951 |
21,732 |
36.9 |
20,714 |
35.1 |
1,018 |
4.7 |
37,218 |
|
1958
|
59,690 |
22,118 |
37.1 |
20,613 |
34.5 |
1,504 |
6.8 |
37,574 |
|
1959
|
60,534 |
22,483 |
37.1 |
21,164 |
35.0 |
1,320 |
5.9 |
38,053 |
|
1960
|
61,582 |
23,240 |
37.7 |
21,874 |
35.5 |
1,366 |
5.9 |
38,343 |
|
1961
|
62,484 |
23,806 |
38.1 |
22,090 |
35.4 |
1,717 |
7.2 |
38,679 |
|
1962
|
63,321 |
24,014 |
37.9 |
22,525 |
35.6 |
1,488 |
6.2 |
39,308 |
|
1963
|
64,494 |
24,704 |
38.3 |
23,105 |
35.8 |
1,598 |
6.5 |
39,791 |
|
1964
|
65,637 |
25,412 |
38.7 |
23,831 |
36.3 |
1,581 |
6.2 |
40,225 |
|
1965
|
66,731 |
26,200 |
39.3 |
24,748 |
37.1 |
1,452 |
5.5 |
40,531 |
|
1966
|
67,795 |
27,299 |
40.3 |
25,976 |
38.3 |
1,324 |
4.8 |
40,496 |
|
1967
|
68,968 |
28,360 |
41.1 |
26,893 |
39.0 |
1,468 |
5.2 |
40,608 |
|
1968
|
70,179 |
29,204 |
41.6 |
27,807 |
39.6 |
1,397 |
4.8 |
40,976 |
|
1969
|
71,436 |
30,513 |
42.7 |
29,084 |
40.7 |
1,429 |
4.7 |
40,924 |
|
1970
|
72,782 |
31,543 |
43.3 |
29,688 |
40.8 |
1,855 |
5.9 |
41,239 |
|
1971
|
74,274 |
32,202 |
43.4 |
29,976 |
40.4 |
2,227 |
6.9 |
42,072 |
|
1972
|
76,290 |
33,479 |
43.9 |
31,257 |
41.0 |
2,222 |
6.6 |
42,811 |
|
1973
|
77,804 |
34,804 |
44.7 |
32,715 |
42.0 |
2,089 |
6.0 |
43,000 |
|
1974
|
79,312 |
36,211 |
45.7 |
33,769 |
42.6 |
2,441 |
6.7 |
43,101 |
|
1975
|
80,860 |
37,475 |
46.3 |
33,989 |
42.0 |
3,486 |
9.3 |
43,386 |
|
1976
|
82,390 |
38,983 |
47.3 |
35,615 |
43.2 |
3,369 |
8.6 |
43,406 |
|
1977
|
83,840 |
40,613 |
48.4 |
37,289 |
44.5 |
3,324 |
8.2 |
43,227 |
|
1978
|
85,334 |
42,631 |
50.0 |
39,569 |
46.4 |
3,061 |
7.2 |
42,703 |
|
1979
|
86,843 |
44,235 |
50.9 |
41,217 |
47.5 |
3,018 |
6.8 |
42,608 |
|
1980
|
88,348 |
45,487 |
51.5 |
42,117 |
47.7 |
3,370 |
7.4 |
42,861 |
|
1981
|
89,618 |
46,696 |
52.1 |
43,000 |
48.0 |
3,696 |
7.9 |
42,922 |
|
1982
|
90,748 |
47,755 |
52.6 |
43,256 |
47.7 |
4,499 |
9.4 |
42,993 |
|
1983
|
91,684 |
48,503 |
52.9 |
44,047 |
48.0 |
4,457 |
9.2 |
43,181 |
|
1984
|
92,778 |
49,709 |
53.6 |
45,915 |
49.5 |
3,794 |
7.6 |
43,068 |
|
1985
|
93,736 |
51,050 |
54.5 |
47,259 |
50.4 |
3,791 |
7.4 |
42,686 |
|
1986
|
94,789 |
52,413 |
55.3 |
48,706 |
51.4 |
3,707 |
7.1 |
42,376 |
|
1987
|
95,853 |
53,658 |
56.0 |
50,334 |
52.5 |
3,324 |
6.2 |
42,195 |
|
1988
|
96,756 |
54,742 |
56.6 |
51,696 |
53.4 |
3,046 |
5.6 |
42,014 |
|
1989
|
97,630 |
56,030 |
57.4 |
53,027 |
54.3 |
3,003 |
5.4 |
41,601 |
|
1990
|
98,787 |
56,829 |
57.5 |
53,689 |
54.3 |
3,140 |
5.5 |
41,957 |
|
1991
|
99,646 |
57,178 |
57.4 |
53,496 |
53.7 |
3,683 |
6.4 |
42,468 |
|
1992
|
100,535 |
58,141 |
57.8 |
54,052 |
53.8 |
4,090 |
7.0 |
42,394 |
|
1993
|
101,506 |
58,795 |
57.9 |
54,910 |
54.1 |
3,885 |
6.6 |
42,711 |
|
1994
|
102,460 |
60,239 |
58.8 |
56,610 |
55.3 |
3,629 |
6.0 |
42,221 |
|
1995
|
103,406 |
60,944 |
58.9 |
57,523 |
55.6 |
3,421 |
5.6 |
42,462 |
|
1996
|
104,385 |
61,857 |
59.3 |
58,501 |
56.0 |
3,356 |
5.4 |
42,528 |
|
1997
|
105,418 |
63,036 |
59.8 |
59,873 |
56.8 |
3,162 |
5.0 |
42,382 |
|
1998
|
106,462 |
63,714 |
59.8 |
60,771 |
57.1 |
2,944 |
4.6 |
42,748 |
|
1999
|
108,031 |
64,855 |
60.0 |
62,042 |
57.4 |
2,814 |
4.3 |
43,175 |
|
2000
|
110,613 |
66,303 |
59.9 |
63,586 |
57.5 |
2,717 |
4.1 |
44,310 |
|
2001
|
111,811 |
66,848 |
59.8 |
63,737 |
57.0 |
3,111 |
4.7 |
44,962 |
|
2002
|
112,985 |
67,363 |
59.6 |
63,582 |
56.3 |
3,781 |
5.6 |
45,621 |
|
2003
|
114,733 |
68,272 |
59.5 |
64,404 |
56.1 |
3,868 |
5.7 |
46,461 |
|
2004
|
115,647 |
68,421 |
59.2 |
64,728 |
56.0 |
3,694 |
5.4 |
47,225 |
|
2005
|
116,931 |
69,288 |
59.3 |
65,757 |
56.2 |
3,531 |
5.1 |
47,643 |
|
2006
|
118,210 |
70,173 |
59.4 |
66,925 |
56.6 |
3,247 |
4.6 |
48,037 |
|
2007
|
119,694 |
70,988 |
59.3 |
67,792 |
56.6 |
3,196 |
4.5 |
48,707 |
|
2008
|
120,675 |
71,767 |
59.5 |
67,876 |
56.2 |
3,891 |
5.4 |
48,908 |
|
2009
|
121,665 |
72,019 |
59.2 |
66,208 |
54.4 |
5,811 |
8.1 |
49,646 |
|
2010
|
122,656 |
71,904 |
58.6 |
65,705 |
53.6 |
6,199 |
8.6 |
50,752 |
|
2011
|
123,300 |
71,642 |
58.1 |
65,579 |
53.2 |
6,063 |
8.5 |
51,658 |
|
2012
|
125,941 |
72,648 |
57.7 |
66,914 |
53.1 |
5,734 |
7.9 |
53,293 |
|
2013
|
127,124 |
72,722 |
57.2 |
67,577 |
53.2 |
5,146 |
7.1 |
54,401 |
|
2014
|
128,199 |
73,039 |
57.0 |
68,613 |
53.5 |
4,426 |
6.1 |
55,159 |
|
2015
|
129,700 |
73,510 |
56.7 |
69,703 |
53.7 |
3,807 |
5.2 |
56,190 |
|
2016
|
131,040 |
74,432 |
56.8 |
70,868 |
54.1 |
3,564 |
4.8 |
56,608 |
|
Men
|
|
|
1948
|
49,996 |
43,286 |
86.6 |
41,725 |
83.5 |
1,559 |
3.6 |
6,710 |
|
1949
|
50,321 |
43,498 |
86.4 |
40,925 |
81.3 |
2,572 |
5.9 |
6,825 |
|
1950
|
50,725 |
43,819 |
86.4 |
41,578 |
82.0 |
2,239 |
5.1 |
6,906 |
|
1951
|
49,727 |
43,001 |
86.3 |
41,780 |
84.0 |
1,221 |
2.8 |
6,725 |
|
1952
|
49,700 |
42,869 |
86.3 |
41,682 |
83.9 |
1,185 |
2.8 |
6,832 |
|
1953
|
50,750 |
43,633 |
86.0 |
42,430 |
83.6 |
1,202 |
2.8 |
7,117 |
|
1954
|
51,395 |
43,965 |
85.5 |
41,619 |
81.0 |
2,344 |
5.3 |
7,431 |
|
1955
|
52,109 |
44,475 |
85.4 |
42,621 |
81.8 |
1,854 |
4.2 |
7,634 |
|
1956
|
52,723 |
45,091 |
85.5 |
43,379 |
82.3 |
1,711 |
3.8 |
7,633 |
|
1957
|
53,315 |
45,197 |
84.8 |
43,357 |
81.3 |
1,841 |
4.1 |
8,118 |
|
1958
|
54,033 |
45,521 |
84.2 |
42,423 |
78.5 |
3,098 |
6.8 |
8,514 |
|
1959
|
54,793 |
45,886 |
83.7 |
43,466 |
79.3 |
2,420 |
5.2 |
8,907 |
|
1960
|
55,662 |
46,388 |
83.3 |
43,904 |
78.9 |
2,486 |
5.4 |
9,274 |
|
1961
|
56,286 |
46,653 |
82.9 |
43,656 |
77.6 |
2,997 |
6.4 |
9,633 |
|
1962
|
56,831 |
46,600 |
82.0 |
44,177 |
77.7 |
2,423 |
5.2 |
10,231 |
|
1963
|
57,921 |
47,129 |
81.4 |
44,657 |
77.1 |
2,472 |
5.2 |
10,792 |
|
1964
|
58,847 |
47,679 |
81.0 |
45,474 |
77.3 |
2,205 |
4.6 |
11,169 |
|
1965
|
59,782 |
48,255 |
80.7 |
46,340 |
77.5 |
1,914 |
4.0 |
11,527 |
|
1966
|
60,262 |
48,471 |
80.4 |
46,919 |
77.9 |
1,551 |
3.2 |
11,792 |
|
1967
|
60,905 |
48,987 |
80.4 |
47,479 |
78.0 |
1,508 |
3.1 |
11,919 |
|
1968
|
61,847 |
49,533 |
80.1 |
48,114 |
77.8 |
1,419 |
2.9 |
12,315 |
|
1969
|
62,898 |
50,221 |
79.8 |
48,818 |
77.6 |
1,403 |
2.8 |
12,677 |
|
1970
|
64,304 |
51,228 |
79.7 |
48,990 |
76.2 |
2,238 |
4.4 |
13,076 |
|
1971
|
65,942 |
52,180 |
79.1 |
49,390 |
74.9 |
2,789 |
5.3 |
13,762 |
|
1972
|
67,835 |
53,555 |
78.9 |
50,896 |
75.0 |
2,659 |
5.0 |
14,280 |
|
1973
|
69,292 |
54,624 |
78.8 |
52,349 |
75.5 |
2,275 |
4.2 |
14,667 |
|
1974
|
70,808 |
55,739 |
78.7 |
53,024 |
74.9 |
2,714 |
4.9 |
15,069 |
|
1975
|
72,291 |
56,299 |
77.9 |
51,857 |
71.7 |
4,442 |
7.9 |
15,993 |
|
1976
|
73,759 |
57,174 |
77.5 |
53,138 |
72.0 |
4,036 |
7.1 |
16,585 |
|
1977
|
75,193 |
58,396 |
77.7 |
54,728 |
72.8 |
3,667 |
6.3 |
16,797 |
|
1978
|
76,576 |
59,620 |
77.9 |
56,479 |
73.8 |
3,142 |
5.3 |
16,956 |
|
1979
|
78,020 |
60,726 |
77.8 |
57,607 |
73.8 |
3,120 |
5.1 |
17,293 |
|
1980
|
79,398 |
61,453 |
77.4 |
57,186 |
72.0 |
4,267 |
6.9 |
17,945 |
|
1981
|
80,511 |
61,974 |
77.0 |
57,397 |
71.3 |
4,577 |
7.4 |
18,537 |
|
1982
|
81,523 |
62,450 |
76.6 |
56,271 |
69.0 |
6,179 |
9.9 |
19,073 |
|
1983
|
82,531 |
63,047 |
76.4 |
56,787 |
68.8 |
6,260 |
9.9 |
19,484 |
|
1984
|
83,605 |
63,835 |
76.4 |
59,091 |
70.7 |
4,744 |
7.4 |
19,771 |
|
1985
|
84,469 |
64,411 |
76.3 |
59,891 |
70.9 |
4,521 |
7.0 |
20,058 |
|
1986
|
85,798 |
65,422 |
76.3 |
60,892 |
71.0 |
4,530 |
6.9 |
20,376 |
|
1987
|
86,899 |
66,207 |
76.2 |
62,107 |
71.5 |
4,101 |
6.2 |
20,692 |
|
1988
|
87,857 |
66,927 |
76.2 |
63,273 |
72.0 |
3,655 |
5.5 |
20,930 |
|
1989
|
88,762 |
67,840 |
76.4 |
64,315 |
72.5 |
3,525 |
5.2 |
20,923 |
|
1990
|
90,377 |
69,011 |
76.4 |
65,104 |
72.0 |
3,906 |
5.7 |
21,367 |
|
1991
|
91,278 |
69,168 |
75.8 |
64,223 |
70.4 |
4,946 |
7.2 |
22,110 |
|
1992
|
92,270 |
69,964 |
75.8 |
64,440 |
69.8 |
5,523 |
7.9 |
22,306 |
|
1993
|
93,332 |
70,404 |
75.4 |
65,349 |
70.0 |
5,055 |
7.2 |
22,927 |
|
1994
|
94,355 |
70,817 |
75.1 |
66,450 |
70.4 |
4,367 |
6.2 |
23,538 |
|
1995
|
95,178 |
71,360 |
75.0 |
67,377 |
70.8 |
3,983 |
5.6 |
23,818 |
|
1996
|
96,206 |
72,087 |
74.9 |
68,207 |
70.9 |
3,880 |
5.4 |
24,119 |
|
1997
|
97,715 |
73,261 |
75.0 |
69,685 |
71.3 |
3,577 |
4.9 |
24,454 |
|
1998
|
98,758 |
73,959 |
74.9 |
70,693 |
71.6 |
3,266 |
4.4 |
24,799 |
|
1999
|
99,722 |
74,512 |
74.7 |
71,446 |
71.6 |
3,066 |
4.1 |
25,210 |
|
2000
|
101,964 |
76,280 |
74.8 |
73,305 |
71.9 |
2,975 |
3.9 |
25,684 |
|
2001
|
103,282 |
76,886 |
74.4 |
73,196 |
70.9 |
3,690 |
4.8 |
26,396 |
|
2002
|
104,585 |
77,500 |
74.1 |
72,903 |
69.7 |
4,597 |
5.9 |
27,085 |
|
2003
|
106,435 |
78,238 |
73.5 |
73,332 |
68.9 |
4,906 |
6.3 |
28,197 |
|
2004
|
107,710 |
78,980 |
73.3 |
74,524 |
69.2 |
4,456 |
5.6 |
28,730 |
|
2005
|
109,151 |
80,033 |
73.3 |
75,973 |
69.6 |
4,059 |
5.1 |
29,119 |
|
2006
|
110,605 |
81,255 |
73.5 |
77,502 |
70.1 |
3,753 |
4.6 |
29,350 |
|
2007
|
112,173 |
82,136 |
73.2 |
78,254 |
69.8 |
3,882 |
4.7 |
30,036 |
|
2008
|
113,113 |
82,520 |
73.0 |
77,486 |
68.5 |
5,033 |
6.1 |
30,593 |
|
2009
|
114,136 |
82,123 |
72.0 |
73,670 |
64.5 |
8,453 |
10.3 |
32,013 |
|
2010
|
115,174 |
81,985 |
71.2 |
73,359 |
63.7 |
8,626 |
10.5 |
33,189 |
|
2011
|
116,317 |
81,975 |
70.5 |
74,290 |
63.9 |
7,684 |
9.4 |
34,343 |
|
2012
|
117,343 |
82,327 |
70.2 |
75,555 |
64.4 |
6,771 |
8.2 |
35,017 |
|
2013
|
118,555 |
82,667 |
69.7 |
76,353 |
64.4 |
6,314 |
7.6 |
35,889 |
|
2014
|
119,748 |
82,882 |
69.2 |
77,692 |
64.9 |
5,190 |
6.3 |
36,865 |
|
2015
|
121,101 |
83,620 |
69.1 |
79,131 |
65.3 |
4,490 |
5.4 |
37,481 |
|
2016
|
122,497 |
84,755 |
69.2 |
80,568 |
65.8 |
4,187 |
4.9 |
37,743 |
Table 3. Employment status, by age, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Race, age, gender, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Civilian labor force |
Not in labor force |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Employed |
Unemployed |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Percentage of labor force |
|
White
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
198,215 |
124,658 |
62.9 |
119,313 |
60.2 |
5,345 |
4.3 |
73,557 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
12,342 |
4,618 |
37.4 |
3,967 |
32.1 |
651 |
14.1 |
7,724 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
15,947 |
11,553 |
72.4 |
10,722 |
67.2 |
831 |
7.2 |
4,395 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
95,786 |
78,650 |
82.1 |
75,797 |
79.1 |
2,853 |
3.6 |
17,136 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
33,478 |
21,889 |
65.4 |
21,169 |
63.2 |
720 |
3.3 |
11,589 |
|
65 years and older
|
40,662 |
7,948 |
19.5 |
7,658 |
18.8 |
290 |
3.7 |
32,714 |
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
101,354 |
57,095 |
56.3 |
54,701 |
54.0 |
2,393 |
4.2 |
44,260 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
6,053 |
2,224 |
36.7 |
1,931 |
31.9 |
293 |
13.2 |
3,829 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
7,890 |
5,471 |
69.3 |
5,124 |
64.9 |
347 |
6.3 |
2,419 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
47,944 |
35,721 |
74.5 |
34,412 |
71.8 |
1,309 |
3.7 |
12,223 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
17,178 |
10,195 |
59.3 |
9,885 |
57.5 |
310 |
3.0 |
6,983 |
|
65 years and older
|
22,289 |
3,484 |
15.6 |
3,350 |
15.0 |
134 |
3.9 |
18,805 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
96,861 |
67,564 |
69.8 |
64,612 |
66.7 |
2,952 |
4.4 |
29,297 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
6,289 |
2,395 |
38.1 |
2,037 |
32.4 |
358 |
14.9 |
3,895 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
8,057 |
6,082 |
75.5 |
5,598 |
69.5 |
484 |
8.0 |
1,975 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
47,842 |
42,929 |
89.7 |
41,385 |
86.5 |
1,544 |
3.6 |
4,912 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
16,300 |
11,694 |
71.7 |
11,284 |
69.2 |
410 |
3.5 |
4,606 |
|
65 years and older
|
18,373 |
4,464 |
24.3 |
4,308 |
23.4 |
156 |
3.5 |
13,909 |
|
Black or African American
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
31,889 |
19,637 |
61.6 |
17,982 |
56.4 |
1,655 |
8.4 |
12,252 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
2,510 |
729 |
29.0 |
535 |
21.3 |
194 |
26.7 |
1,781 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
3,338 |
2,259 |
67.7 |
1,930 |
57.8 |
329 |
14.5 |
1,079 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
16,792 |
13,248 |
78.9 |
12,302 |
73.3 |
946 |
7.1 |
3,543 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
4,840 |
2,669 |
55.1 |
2,526 |
52.2 |
143 |
5.4 |
2,171 |
|
65 years and older
|
4,409 |
732 |
16.6 |
689 |
15.6 |
43 |
5.8 |
3,678 |
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
17,365 |
10,321 |
59.4 |
9,511 |
54.8 |
810 |
7.8 |
7,043 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
1,263 |
379 |
30.0 |
292 |
23.1 |
86 |
22.8 |
884 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
1,717 |
1,168 |
68.0 |
1,025 |
59.7 |
143 |
12.3 |
549 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
9,106 |
6,994 |
76.8 |
6,502 |
71.4 |
492 |
7.0 |
2,112 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
2,652 |
1,399 |
52.7 |
1,330 |
50.2 |
68 |
4.9 |
1,253 |
|
65 years and older
|
2,627 |
383 |
14.6 |
362 |
13.8 |
21 |
5.4 |
2,244 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
14,525 |
9,315 |
64.1 |
8,471 |
58.3 |
845 |
9.1 |
5,209 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
1,247 |
350 |
28.1 |
242 |
19.4 |
108 |
30.9 |
896 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
1,621 |
1,091 |
67.3 |
906 |
55.9 |
186 |
17.0 |
530 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
7,686 |
6,255 |
81.4 |
5,800 |
75.5 |
455 |
7.3 |
1,431 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
2,189 |
1,270 |
58.0 |
1,195 |
54.6 |
75 |
5.9 |
918 |
|
65 years and older
|
1,782 |
349 |
19.6 |
327 |
18.3 |
22 |
6.2 |
1,434 |
|
Asian
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
15,121 |
9,562 |
63.2 |
9,213 |
60.9 |
349 |
3.6 |
5,559 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
846 |
179 |
21.2 |
159 |
18.8 |
20 |
10.9 |
667 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
1,352 |
717 |
53.0 |
668 |
49.4 |
49 |
6.9 |
635 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
8,710 |
6,851 |
78.7 |
6,633 |
76.2 |
219 |
3.2 |
1,858 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
2,050 |
1,382 |
67.4 |
1,335 |
65.1 |
47 |
3.4 |
668 |
|
65 years and older
|
2,163 |
432 |
20.0 |
418 |
19.3 |
14 |
3.2 |
1,731 |
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
8,057 |
4,471 |
55.5 |
4,298 |
53.4 |
172 |
3.9 |
3,586 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
422 |
88 |
20.9 |
81 |
19.1 |
7 |
8.2 |
334 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
676 |
342 |
50.6 |
321 |
47.4 |
22 |
6.4 |
334 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
4,602 |
3,168 |
68.8 |
3,054 |
66.4 |
114 |
3.6 |
1,434 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
1,126 |
680 |
60.4 |
655 |
58.2 |
25 |
3.6 |
446 |
|
65 years and older
|
1,231 |
192 |
15.6 |
187 |
15.2 |
5 |
2.4 |
1,039 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
7,064 |
5,091 |
72.1 |
4,915 |
69.6 |
176 |
3.5 |
1,973 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
424 |
91 |
21.4 |
79 |
18.6 |
12 |
13.5 |
333 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
676 |
375 |
55.5 |
348 |
51.4 |
27 |
7.3 |
301 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
4,108 |
3,683 |
89.7 |
3,578 |
87.1 |
105 |
2.9 |
424 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
924 |
702 |
76.0 |
680 |
73.5 |
23 |
3.2 |
222 |
|
65 years and older
|
932 |
240 |
25.7 |
231 |
24.7 |
9 |
3.8 |
692 |
|
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
40,697 |
26,797 |
65.8 |
25,249 |
62.0 |
1,548 |
5.8 |
13,900 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
3,777 |
1,178 |
31.2 |
977 |
25.9 |
201 |
17.1 |
2,599 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
4,711 |
3,384 |
71.8 |
3,086 |
65.5 |
298 |
8.8 |
1,327 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
23,780 |
18,754 |
78.9 |
17,878 |
75.2 |
877 |
4.7 |
5,026 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
4,483 |
2,765 |
61.7 |
2,627 |
58.6 |
137 |
5.0 |
1,718 |
|
65 years and older
|
3,946 |
715 |
18.1 |
681 |
17.3 |
34 |
4.8 |
3,230 |
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
20,430 |
11,401 |
55.8 |
10,686 |
52.3 |
715 |
6.3 |
9,029 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
1,857 |
557 |
30.0 |
470 |
25.3 |
88 |
15.8 |
1,300 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
2,315 |
1,536 |
66.4 |
1,409 |
60.9 |
127 |
8.3 |
779 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
11,703 |
7,803 |
66.7 |
7,374 |
63.0 |
429 |
5.5 |
3,900 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
2,317 |
1,196 |
51.6 |
1,137 |
49.1 |
59 |
4.9 |
1,121 |
|
65 years and older
|
2,238 |
308 |
13.8 |
297 |
13.3 |
12 |
3.7 |
1,930 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
20,266 |
15,396 |
76.0 |
14,563 |
71.9 |
833 |
5.4 |
4,870 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
1,920 |
621 |
32.3 |
508 |
26.4 |
113 |
18.3 |
1,299 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
2,396 |
1,848 |
77.1 |
1,677 |
70.0 |
171 |
9.3 |
548 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
12,077 |
10,951 |
90.7 |
10,504 |
87.0 |
447 |
4.1 |
1,126 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
2,166 |
1,569 |
72.4 |
1,490 |
68.8 |
78 |
5.0 |
597 |
|
65 years and older
|
1,708 |
407 |
23.8 |
384 |
22.5 |
23 |
5.6 |
1,300 |
Table 4. Employment status, by marital status and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Marital status and gender |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Civilian labor force |
Not in labor force |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Employed |
Unemployed |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Percentage of labor force |
|
Total
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
253,538 |
159,187 |
62.8 |
151,436 |
59.7 |
7,751 |
4.9 |
94,351 |
|
Married, spouse present(1)
|
126,600 |
82,973 |
65.5 |
80,620 |
63.7 |
2,352 |
2.8 |
43,627 |
|
Other marital status(2)
|
126,938 |
76,214 |
60.0 |
70,815 |
55.8 |
5,399 |
7.1 |
50,723 |
|
Never married
|
77,728 |
50,865 |
65.4 |
46,823 |
60.2 |
4,042 |
7.9 |
26,862 |
|
Widowed, divorced, or separated(3)
|
49,210 |
25,349 |
51.5 |
23,993 |
48.8 |
1,356 |
5.4 |
23,861 |
|
Widowed
|
14,799 |
3,093 |
20.9 |
2,940 |
19.9 |
153 |
5.0 |
11,706 |
|
Divorced
|
25,543 |
16,328 |
63.9 |
15,498 |
60.7 |
830 |
5.1 |
9,214 |
|
Separated(3)
|
8,869 |
5,928 |
66.8 |
5,554 |
62.6 |
373 |
6.3 |
2,941 |
|
Women
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
131,040 |
74,432 |
56.8 |
70,868 |
54.1 |
3,564 |
4.8 |
56,608 |
|
Married, spouse present(1)
|
62,852 |
36,387 |
57.9 |
35,294 |
56.2 |
1,093 |
3.0 |
26,465 |
|
Other marital status(2)
|
68,188 |
38,045 |
55.8 |
35,574 |
52.2 |
2,471 |
6.5 |
30,143 |
|
Never married
|
36,800 |
23,321 |
63.4 |
21,606 |
58.7 |
1,715 |
7.4 |
13,479 |
|
Widowed, divorced, or separated(3)
|
31,389 |
14,725 |
46.9 |
13,968 |
44.5 |
757 |
5.1 |
16,664 |
|
Widowed
|
11,521 |
2,272 |
19.7 |
2,160 |
18.7 |
112 |
4.9 |
9,249 |
|
Divorced
|
14,977 |
9,354 |
62.5 |
8,906 |
59.5 |
448 |
4.8 |
5,624 |
|
Separated(3)
|
4,891 |
3,099 |
63.4 |
2,903 |
59.4 |
197 |
6.3 |
1,791 |
|
Men
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
122,497 |
84,755 |
69.2 |
80,568 |
65.8 |
4,187 |
4.9 |
37,743 |
|
Married, spouse present(1)
|
63,748 |
46,586 |
73.1 |
45,327 |
71.1 |
1,259 |
2.7 |
17,162 |
|
Other marital status(2)
|
58,749 |
38,169 |
65.0 |
35,241 |
60.0 |
2,928 |
7.7 |
20,580 |
|
Never married
|
40,928 |
27,545 |
67.3 |
25,217 |
61.6 |
2,328 |
8.5 |
13,383 |
|
Widowed, divorced, or separated(3)
|
17,821 |
10,624 |
59.6 |
10,025 |
56.3 |
600 |
5.6 |
7,197 |
|
Widowed
|
3,278 |
822 |
25.1 |
780 |
23.8 |
41 |
5.0 |
2,457 |
|
Divorced
|
10,565 |
6,975 |
66.0 |
6,593 |
62.4 |
382 |
5.5 |
3,590 |
|
Separated(3)
|
3,978 |
2,828 |
71.1 |
2,651 |
66.7 |
177 |
6.2 |
1,150 |
Table 5. Employment status, by gender, presence and age of children, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, March 2016 (Numbers in thousands)
| Characteristic |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Civilian labor force |
Not in labor force |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Employed |
Unemployed |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Percentage of labor force |
|
Total
|
|
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
130,656 |
74,733 |
57.2 |
71,057 |
54.4 |
3,676 |
4.9 |
55,923 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
35,392 |
25,070 |
70.8 |
23,877 |
67.5 |
1,193 |
4.8 |
10,322 |
|
With children 6 to 17, none younger
|
20,168 |
15,135 |
75.0 |
14,519 |
72.0 |
616 |
4.1 |
5,032 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
15,225 |
9,934 |
65.3 |
9,358 |
61.5 |
576 |
5.8 |
5,290 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
8,700 |
5,486 |
63.1 |
5,165 |
59.4 |
322 |
5.9 |
3,214 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
95,264 |
49,663 |
52.1 |
47,180 |
49.5 |
2,484 |
5.0 |
45,600 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
122,110 |
84,143 |
68.9 |
79,505 |
65.1 |
4,637 |
5.5 |
37,968 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
27,085 |
25,135 |
92.8 |
24,226 |
89.4 |
909 |
3.6 |
1,950 |
|
With children 6 to 17, none younger
|
15,518 |
14,247 |
91.8 |
13,765 |
88.7 |
481 |
3.4 |
1,272 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
11,567 |
10,888 |
94.1 |
10,461 |
90.4 |
428 |
3.9 |
678 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
6,709 |
6,335 |
94.4 |
6,093 |
90.8 |
242 |
3.8 |
374 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
95,026 |
59,008 |
62.1 |
55,280 |
58.2 |
3,728 |
6.3 |
36,018 |
|
White
|
|
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
101,161 |
57,586 |
56.9 |
55,153 |
54.5 |
2,434 |
4.2 |
43,575 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
26,542 |
18,642 |
70.2 |
17,918 |
67.5 |
724 |
3.9 |
7,900 |
|
With children 6 to 17, none younger
|
15,229 |
11,347 |
74.5 |
10,950 |
71.9 |
397 |
3.5 |
3,882 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
11,312 |
7,295 |
64.5 |
6,968 |
61.6 |
327 |
4.5 |
4,017 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
6,490 |
4,058 |
62.5 |
3,873 |
59.7 |
186 |
4.6 |
2,432 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
74,619 |
38,944 |
52.2 |
37,235 |
49.9 |
1,710 |
4.4 |
35,675 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
96,722 |
67,247 |
69.5 |
64,054 |
66.2 |
3,194 |
4.7 |
29,474 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
21,825 |
20,420 |
93.6 |
19,751 |
90.5 |
669 |
3.3 |
1,405 |
|
With children 6 to 17, none younger
|
12,510 |
11,587 |
92.6 |
11,233 |
89.8 |
355 |
3.1 |
923 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
9,315 |
8,833 |
94.8 |
8,518 |
91.4 |
314 |
3.6 |
483 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
5,418 |
5,157 |
95.2 |
4,986 |
92.0 |
171 |
3.3 |
261 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
74,896 |
46,827 |
62.5 |
44,303 |
59.2 |
2,525 |
5.4 |
28,069 |
|
Black or African American
|
|
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
17,295 |
10,169 |
58.8 |
9,307 |
53.8 |
862 |
8.5 |
7,126 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
4,980 |
3,842 |
77.1 |
3,501 |
70.3 |
340 |
8.9 |
1,139 |
|
With children 6 to 17, none younger
|
2,852 |
2,274 |
79.7 |
2,116 |
74.2 |
157 |
6.9 |
579 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
2,128 |
1,568 |
73.7 |
1,385 |
65.1 |
183 |
11.7 |
560 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
1,165 |
824 |
70.7 |
733 |
62.9 |
91 |
11.0 |
341 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
12,315 |
6,328 |
51.4 |
5,806 |
47.1 |
522 |
8.3 |
5,987 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
14,455 |
9,198 |
63.6 |
8,177 |
56.6 |
1,022 |
11.1 |
5,256 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
2,367 |
2,062 |
87.1 |
1,909 |
80.6 |
153 |
7.4 |
305 |
|
With children 6 to 17, none younger
|
1,434 |
1,224 |
85.4 |
1,134 |
79.1 |
90 |
7.4 |
210 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
934 |
838 |
89.8 |
775 |
83.0 |
63 |
7.5 |
96 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
514 |
471 |
91.6 |
433 |
84.2 |
38 |
8.1 |
43 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
12,087 |
7,136 |
59.0 |
6,268 |
51.9 |
868 |
12.2 |
4,951 |
|
Asian
|
|
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
7,879 |
4,399 |
55.8 |
4,229 |
53.7 |
169 |
3.9 |
3,481 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
2,472 |
1,610 |
65.1 |
1,563 |
63.2 |
46 |
2.9 |
863 |
|
With children 6 to 17, none younger
|
1,338 |
974 |
72.8 |
944 |
70.6 |
29 |
3.0 |
364 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
1,134 |
636 |
56.0 |
619 |
54.6 |
17 |
2.6 |
499 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
662 |
352 |
53.1 |
346 |
52.3 |
6 |
1.6 |
310 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
5,407 |
2,789 |
51.6 |
2,666 |
49.3 |
123 |
4.4 |
2,618 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
6,961 |
5,046 |
72.5 |
4,865 |
69.9 |
180 |
3.6 |
1,915 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
2,069 |
1,917 |
92.7 |
1,879 |
90.8 |
38 |
2.0 |
152 |
|
With children 6 to 17, none younger
|
1,111 |
1,026 |
92.3 |
1,005 |
90.5 |
21 |
2.0 |
85 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
958 |
892 |
93.1 |
875 |
91.3 |
17 |
1.9 |
67 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
563 |
519 |
92.2 |
507 |
89.9 |
13 |
2.4 |
44 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
4,892 |
3,129 |
64.0 |
2,986 |
61.0 |
143 |
4.6 |
1,763 |
|
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
|
|
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
20,270 |
11,322 |
55.9 |
10,634 |
52.5 |
688 |
6.1 |
8,948 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
7,655 |
4,714 |
61.6 |
4,440 |
58.0 |
274 |
5.8 |
2,941 |
|
With children 6 to 17, none younger
|
4,208 |
2,815 |
66.9 |
2,679 |
63.7 |
137 |
4.9 |
1,392 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
3,447 |
1,899 |
55.1 |
1,762 |
51.1 |
137 |
7.2 |
1,549 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
1,851 |
964 |
52.1 |
883 |
47.7 |
81 |
8.4 |
887 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
12,615 |
6,608 |
52.4 |
6,194 |
49.1 |
414 |
6.3 |
6,007 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
20,112 |
15,089 |
75.0 |
14,203 |
70.6 |
885 |
5.9 |
5,023 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
5,641 |
5,267 |
93.4 |
5,034 |
89.2 |
233 |
4.4 |
374 |
|
With children 6 to 17, none younger
|
3,085 |
2,849 |
92.3 |
2,747 |
89.0 |
102 |
3.6 |
236 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
2,555 |
2,418 |
94.6 |
2,287 |
89.5 |
130 |
5.4 |
138 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
1,404 |
1,324 |
94.3 |
1,256 |
89.4 |
68 |
5.1 |
80 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
14,471 |
9,822 |
67.9 |
9,169 |
63.4 |
652 |
6.6 |
4,649 |
Table 6. Employment status of women, by presence and age of children, marital status, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, March 2016 (Numbers in thousands)
| Presence and age of youngest child |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Civilian labor force |
Not in labor force |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Employed |
Unemployed |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Percentage of labor force |
|
Total, all marital statuses
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
130,656 |
74,733 |
57.2 |
71,057 |
54.4 |
3,676 |
4.9 |
55,923 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
35,392 |
25,070 |
70.8 |
23,877 |
67.5 |
1,193 |
4.8 |
10,322 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
20,168 |
15,135 |
75.0 |
14,519 |
72.0 |
616 |
4.1 |
5,032 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
15,225 |
9,934 |
65.3 |
9,358 |
61.5 |
576 |
5.8 |
5,290 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
8,700 |
5,486 |
63.1 |
5,165 |
59.4 |
322 |
5.9 |
3,214 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
95,264 |
49,663 |
52.1 |
47,180 |
49.5 |
2,484 |
5.0 |
45,600 |
|
Total, married, spouse present(1)
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
62,577 |
36,858 |
58.9 |
35,731 |
57.1 |
1,127 |
3.1 |
25,718 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
24,605 |
16,882 |
68.6 |
16,339 |
66.4 |
543 |
3.2 |
7,723 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
13,934 |
10,167 |
73.0 |
9,856 |
70.7 |
311 |
3.1 |
3,767 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
10,671 |
6,715 |
62.9 |
6,483 |
60.8 |
232 |
3.4 |
3,956 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
6,208 |
3,854 |
62.1 |
3,714 |
59.8 |
140 |
3.6 |
2,354 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
37,972 |
19,977 |
52.6 |
19,392 |
51.1 |
584 |
2.9 |
17,996 |
|
Total, other marital statuses(2)
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
68,079 |
37,875 |
55.6 |
35,326 |
51.9 |
2,549 |
6.7 |
30,204 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
10,787 |
8,188 |
75.9 |
7,538 |
69.9 |
650 |
7.9 |
2,600 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
6,234 |
4,968 |
79.7 |
4,663 |
74.8 |
305 |
6.1 |
1,265 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
4,554 |
3,220 |
70.7 |
2,875 |
63.1 |
345 |
10.7 |
1,334 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
2,492 |
1,633 |
65.5 |
1,450 |
58.2 |
182 |
11.2 |
859 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
57,291 |
29,687 |
51.8 |
27,788 |
48.5 |
1,899 |
6.4 |
27,605 |
|
White, all marital statuses
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
101,161 |
57,586 |
56.9 |
55,153 |
54.5 |
2,434 |
4.2 |
43,575 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
26,542 |
18,642 |
70.2 |
17,918 |
67.5 |
724 |
3.9 |
7,900 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
15,229 |
11,347 |
74.5 |
10,950 |
71.9 |
397 |
3.5 |
3,882 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
11,312 |
7,295 |
64.5 |
6,968 |
61.6 |
327 |
4.5 |
4,017 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
6,490 |
4,058 |
62.5 |
3,873 |
59.7 |
186 |
4.6 |
2,432 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
74,619 |
38,944 |
52.2 |
37,235 |
49.9 |
1,710 |
4.4 |
35,675 |
|
White, married, spouse present(1)
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
51,826 |
30,395 |
58.6 |
29,515 |
56.9 |
880 |
2.9 |
21,431 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
19,764 |
13,568 |
68.7 |
13,153 |
66.6 |
415 |
3.1 |
6,196 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
11,226 |
8,174 |
72.8 |
7,937 |
70.7 |
237 |
2.9 |
3,052 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
8,538 |
5,394 |
63.2 |
5,216 |
61.1 |
178 |
3.3 |
3,144 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
5,012 |
3,137 |
62.6 |
3,027 |
60.4 |
110 |
3.5 |
1,875 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
32,062 |
16,827 |
52.5 |
16,361 |
51.0 |
465 |
2.8 |
15,235 |
|
White, other marital statuses(2)
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
49,335 |
27,191 |
55.1 |
25,638 |
52.0 |
1,554 |
5.7 |
22,144 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
6,778 |
5,074 |
74.9 |
4,765 |
70.3 |
309 |
6.1 |
1,704 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
4,004 |
3,173 |
79.2 |
3,013 |
75.3 |
160 |
5.0 |
831 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
2,774 |
1,901 |
68.5 |
1,752 |
63.1 |
149 |
7.9 |
873 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
1,478 |
921 |
62.3 |
845 |
57.2 |
76 |
8.2 |
557 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
42,557 |
22,117 |
52.0 |
20,873 |
49.0 |
1,244 |
5.6 |
20,440 |
|
Black or African American, all marital statuses
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
17,295 |
10,169 |
58.8 |
9,307 |
53.8 |
862 |
8.5 |
7,126 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
4,980 |
3,842 |
77.1 |
3,501 |
70.3 |
340 |
8.9 |
1,139 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
2,852 |
2,274 |
79.7 |
2,116 |
74.2 |
157 |
6.9 |
579 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
2,128 |
1,568 |
73.7 |
1,385 |
65.1 |
183 |
11.7 |
560 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
1,165 |
824 |
70.7 |
733 |
62.9 |
91 |
11.0 |
341 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
12,315 |
6,328 |
51.4 |
5,806 |
47.1 |
522 |
8.3 |
5,987 |
|
Black or African American, married, spouse present(1)
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
4,503 |
2,782 |
61.8 |
2,675 |
59.4 |
107 |
3.8 |
1,721 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
1,825 |
1,358 |
74.4 |
1,298 |
71.1 |
60 |
4.4 |
468 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
1,110 |
866 |
78.0 |
830 |
74.8 |
35 |
4.1 |
245 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
715 |
492 |
68.8 |
467 |
65.3 |
25 |
5.0 |
223 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
381 |
256 |
67.2 |
241 |
63.2 |
15 |
5.9 |
125 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
2,678 |
1,424 |
53.2 |
1,377 |
51.4 |
47 |
3.3 |
1,254 |
|
Black or African American, other marital statuses(2)
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
12,792 |
7,388 |
57.8 |
6,632 |
51.8 |
755 |
10.2 |
5,404 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
3,155 |
2,484 |
78.7 |
2,203 |
69.9 |
280 |
11.3 |
671 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
1,742 |
1,408 |
80.8 |
1,286 |
73.8 |
122 |
8.7 |
334 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
1,412 |
1,076 |
76.2 |
918 |
65.0 |
158 |
14.7 |
337 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
783 |
568 |
72.5 |
492 |
62.8 |
76 |
13.3 |
216 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
9,637 |
4,904 |
50.9 |
4,429 |
46.0 |
475 |
9.7 |
4,734 |
|
Asian, all marital statuses
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
7,879 |
4,399 |
55.8 |
4,229 |
53.7 |
169 |
3.9 |
3,481 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
2,472 |
1,610 |
65.1 |
1,563 |
63.2 |
46 |
2.9 |
863 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
1,338 |
974 |
72.8 |
944 |
70.6 |
29 |
3.0 |
364 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
1,134 |
636 |
56.0 |
619 |
54.6 |
17 |
2.6 |
499 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
662 |
352 |
53.1 |
346 |
52.3 |
6 |
1.6 |
310 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
5,407 |
2,789 |
51.6 |
2,666 |
49.3 |
123 |
4.4 |
2,618 |
|
Asian, married, spouse present(1)
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
4,713 |
2,750 |
58.4 |
2,654 |
56.3 |
97 |
3.5 |
1,962 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
2,221 |
1,416 |
63.8 |
1,371 |
61.8 |
44 |
3.1 |
805 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
1,173 |
831 |
70.8 |
803 |
68.5 |
28 |
3.3 |
342 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
1,048 |
585 |
55.8 |
568 |
54.2 |
17 |
2.9 |
463 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
615 |
333 |
54.2 |
327 |
53.2 |
6 |
1.7 |
282 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
2,492 |
1,335 |
53.6 |
1,282 |
51.5 |
52 |
3.9 |
1,157 |
|
Asian, other marital statuses(2)
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
3,167 |
1,648 |
52.0 |
1,575 |
49.7 |
73 |
4.4 |
1,519 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
252 |
194 |
77.0 |
192 |
76.3 |
2 |
0.9 |
58 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
165 |
143 |
86.7 |
141 |
85.7 |
2 |
1.2 |
22 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
87 |
51 |
58.6 |
51 |
58.6 |
– |
– |
36 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
47 |
18 |
39.5 |
18 |
39.5 |
– |
– |
28 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
2,915 |
1,454 |
49.9 |
1,383 |
47.5 |
71 |
4.9 |
1,461 |
|
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, all marital statuses
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
20,270 |
11,322 |
55.9 |
10,634 |
52.5 |
688 |
6.1 |
8,948 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
7,655 |
4,714 |
61.6 |
4,440 |
58.0 |
274 |
5.8 |
2,941 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
4,208 |
2,815 |
66.9 |
2,679 |
63.7 |
137 |
4.9 |
1,392 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
3,447 |
1,899 |
55.1 |
1,762 |
51.1 |
137 |
7.2 |
1,549 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
1,851 |
964 |
52.1 |
883 |
47.7 |
81 |
8.4 |
887 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
12,615 |
6,608 |
52.4 |
6,194 |
49.1 |
414 |
6.3 |
6,007 |
|
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, married, spouse present(1)
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
9,021 |
4,840 |
53.7 |
4,622 |
51.2 |
218 |
4.5 |
4,181 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
4,999 |
2,782 |
55.6 |
2,656 |
53.1 |
126 |
4.5 |
2,218 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
2,744 |
1,669 |
60.8 |
1,597 |
58.2 |
72 |
4.3 |
1,075 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
2,255 |
1,113 |
49.3 |
1,059 |
47.0 |
54 |
4.8 |
1,142 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
1,212 |
578 |
47.7 |
549 |
45.3 |
29 |
5.0 |
634 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
4,021 |
2,059 |
51.2 |
1,966 |
48.9 |
92 |
4.5 |
1,963 |
|
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, other marital statuses(2)
|
|
|
Total women, 16 years and older
|
11,249 |
6,482 |
57.6 |
6,012 |
53.4 |
469 |
7.2 |
4,768 |
|
With children under 18 years old
|
2,656 |
1,932 |
72.8 |
1,785 |
67.2 |
148 |
7.6 |
723 |
|
With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
|
1,464 |
1,146 |
78.3 |
1,082 |
73.9 |
65 |
5.6 |
317 |
|
With children under 6 years old
|
1,192 |
786 |
65.9 |
703 |
59.0 |
83 |
10.5 |
406 |
|
With children under 3 years old
|
639 |
386 |
60.4 |
334 |
52.3 |
52 |
13.4 |
253 |
|
With no children under 18 years old
|
8,594 |
4,549 |
52.9 |
4,228 |
49.2 |
322 |
7.1 |
4,044 |
Table 7. Employment status of women, by presence and age of children, March 1975–March 2016 (Numbers in thousands)
| Year |
Civilian labor force |
Employed |
Unemployed |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Percentage of labor force |
|
With children under age 18
|
|
|
1975
|
14,616 |
47.4 |
13,069 |
1,548 |
11.0 |
|
1976
|
15,073 |
48.8 |
13,725 |
1,346 |
8.9 |
|
1977
|
15,669 |
50.8 |
14,276 |
1,393 |
8.9 |
|
1978
|
16,385 |
53.0 |
15,142 |
1,242 |
7.6 |
|
1979
|
16,883 |
54.5 |
15,624 |
1,259 |
7.7 |
|
1980
|
17,790 |
56.6 |
16,526 |
1,264 |
7.1 |
|
1981
|
18,422 |
58.1 |
16,952 |
1,471 |
8.0 |
|
1982
|
18,744 |
58.5 |
16,854 |
1,890 |
10.1 |
|
1983
|
18,924 |
58.9 |
16,792 |
2,131 |
11.3 |
|
1984
|
19,555 |
60.5 |
17,782 |
1,773 |
9.1 |
|
1985
|
20,041 |
62.1 |
18,306 |
1,735 |
8.7 |
|
1986
|
20,620 |
62.8 |
18,922 |
1,698 |
8.2 |
|
1987
|
21,422 |
64.7 |
19,798 |
1,624 |
7.6 |
|
1988
|
21,545 |
65.1 |
20,141 |
1,404 |
6.5 |
|
1989
|
21,936 |
65.7 |
20,647 |
1,289 |
5.9 |
|
1990
|
22,196 |
66.7 |
20,865 |
1,331 |
6.0 |
|
1991
|
22,327 |
66.6 |
20,774 |
1,552 |
7.0 |
|
1992
|
22,756 |
67.2 |
21,052 |
1,704 |
7.5 |
|
1993
|
23,063 |
66.9 |
21,521 |
1,541 |
6.7 |
|
1994
|
24,191 |
68.4 |
22,467 |
1,724 |
7.1 |
|
1995
|
24,695 |
69.7 |
23,195 |
1,500 |
6.1 |
|
1996
|
24,720 |
70.2 |
23,386 |
1,334 |
5.4 |
|
1997
|
25,604 |
72.1 |
24,082 |
1,522 |
5.9 |
|
1998
|
25,647 |
72.3 |
24,209 |
1,438 |
5.6 |
|
1999
|
25,472 |
72.1 |
24,307 |
1,165 |
4.6 |
|
2000
|
25,795 |
72.9 |
24,693 |
1,102 |
4.3 |
|
2001
|
26,269 |
72.7 |
25,030 |
1,239 |
4.7 |
|
2002
|
26,140 |
72.2 |
24,612 |
1,529 |
5.8 |
|
2003
|
26,202 |
71.7 |
24,598 |
1,603 |
6.1 |
|
2004
|
25,913 |
70.7 |
24,413 |
1,501 |
5.8 |
|
2005
|
25,941 |
70.5 |
24,564 |
1,377 |
5.3 |
|
2006
|
26,009 |
70.6 |
24,728 |
1,281 |
4.9 |
|
2007
|
26,834 |
71.3 |
25,646 |
1,188 |
4.4 |
|
2008
|
25,930 |
71.2 |
24,637 |
1,294 |
5.0 |
|
2009
|
26,122 |
71.6 |
24,079 |
2,043 |
7.8 |
|
2010
|
25,783 |
71.3 |
23,510 |
2,273 |
8.8 |
|
2011
|
25,376 |
70.9 |
23,109 |
2,266 |
8.9 |
|
2012
|
25,384 |
70.9 |
23,366 |
2,018 |
7.9 |
|
2013
|
25,112 |
70.3 |
23,121 |
1,991 |
7.9 |
|
2014
|
25,209 |
70.8 |
23,542 |
1,667 |
6.6 |
|
2015
|
25,107 |
69.9 |
23,841 |
1,265 |
5.0 |
|
2016
|
25,070 |
70.8 |
23,877 |
1,193 |
4.8 |
|
With children ages 6 to 17, none younger
|
|
|
1975
|
8,917 |
54.9 |
8,218 |
700 |
7.9 |
|
1976
|
9,388 |
56.2 |
8,769 |
621 |
6.6 |
|
1977
|
10,040 |
58.3 |
9,389 |
650 |
6.5 |
|
1978
|
10,401 |
60.0 |
9,845 |
556 |
5.3 |
|
1979
|
10,646 |
61.6 |
10,030 |
615 |
5.8 |
|
1980
|
11,252 |
64.3 |
10,640 |
612 |
5.4 |
|
1981
|
11,490 |
65.5 |
10,725 |
765 |
6.7 |
|
1982
|
11,377 |
65.8 |
10,440 |
936 |
8.2 |
|
1983
|
11,340 |
66.3 |
10,303 |
1,037 |
9.1 |
|
1984
|
11,538 |
68.1 |
10,739 |
799 |
6.9 |
|
1985
|
11,826 |
69.9 |
10,984 |
842 |
7.1 |
|
1986
|
12,075 |
70.4 |
11,320 |
756 |
6.3 |
|
1987
|
12,438 |
72.0 |
11,661 |
778 |
6.3 |
|
1988
|
12,683 |
73.3 |
12,042 |
641 |
5.1 |
|
1989
|
12,800 |
74.2 |
12,168 |
632 |
4.9 |
|
1990
|
12,799 |
74.7 |
12,133 |
666 |
5.2 |
|
1991
|
12,691 |
74.4 |
12,017 |
674 |
5.3 |
|
1992
|
13,183 |
75.9 |
12,391 |
793 |
6.0 |
|
1993
|
13,441 |
75.4 |
12,757 |
684 |
5.1 |
|
1994
|
13,863 |
76.0 |
13,074 |
789 |
5.7 |
|
1995
|
14,300 |
76.4 |
13,608 |
691 |
4.8 |
|
1996
|
14,427 |
77.2 |
13,794 |
633 |
4.4 |
|
1997
|
14,993 |
78.1 |
14,282 |
711 |
4.7 |
|
1998
|
15,028 |
78.4 |
14,370 |
658 |
4.4 |
|
1999
|
15,150 |
78.5 |
14,633 |
516 |
3.4 |
|
2000
|
15,479 |
79.0 |
14,931 |
549 |
3.5 |
|
2001
|
15,839 |
79.4 |
15,220 |
619 |
3.9 |
|
2002
|
15,948 |
78.6 |
15,171 |
777 |
4.9 |
|
2003
|
15,993 |
78.7 |
15,166 |
828 |
5.2 |
|
2004
|
15,782 |
77.5 |
15,006 |
776 |
4.9 |
|
2005
|
15,594 |
76.9 |
14,930 |
663 |
4.3 |
|
2006
|
15,579 |
76.9 |
14,949 |
630 |
4.0 |
|
2007
|
15,940 |
77.7 |
15,341 |
599 |
3.8 |
|
2008
|
15,479 |
77.5 |
14,842 |
636 |
4.1 |
|
2009
|
15,625 |
78.2 |
14,562 |
1,063 |
6.8 |
|
2010
|
15,247 |
77.2 |
14,058 |
1,189 |
7.8 |
|
2011
|
14,973 |
76.5 |
13,842 |
1,131 |
7.6 |
|
2012
|
14,922 |
76.0 |
13,908 |
1,014 |
6.8 |
|
2013
|
14,941 |
74.8 |
13,909 |
1,032 |
6.9 |
|
2014
|
15,227 |
75.8 |
14,389 |
838 |
5.5 |
|
2015
|
15,059 |
74.6 |
14,437 |
622 |
4.1 |
|
2016
|
15,135 |
75.0 |
14,519 |
616 |
4.1 |
|
With children under age 6
|
|
|
1975
|
5,699 |
39.0 |
4,851 |
848 |
14.9 |
|
1976
|
5,684 |
40.1 |
4,957 |
727 |
12.8 |
|
1977
|
5,629 |
41.2 |
4,887 |
742 |
13.2 |
|
1978
|
5,983 |
44.0 |
5,297 |
687 |
11.5 |
|
1979
|
6,238 |
45.7 |
5,594 |
644 |
10.3 |
|
1980
|
6,538 |
46.8 |
5,886 |
652 |
10.0 |
|
1981
|
6,933 |
48.9 |
6,227 |
706 |
10.2 |
|
1982
|
7,367 |
49.9 |
6,414 |
953 |
12.9 |
|
1983
|
7,583 |
50.5 |
6,489 |
1,094 |
14.4 |
|
1984
|
8,017 |
52.1 |
7,043 |
974 |
12.1 |
|
1985
|
8,215 |
53.5 |
7,322 |
893 |
10.9 |
|
1986
|
8,545 |
54.4 |
7,602 |
943 |
11.0 |
|
1987
|
8,983 |
56.7 |
8,137 |
846 |
9.4 |
|
1988
|
8,862 |
56.1 |
8,099 |
763 |
8.6 |
|
1989
|
9,136 |
56.7 |
8,478 |
657 |
7.2 |
|
1990
|
9,397 |
58.2 |
8,732 |
664 |
7.1 |
|
1991
|
9,636 |
58.4 |
8,758 |
878 |
9.1 |
|
1992
|
9,573 |
58.0 |
8,662 |
911 |
9.5 |
|
1993
|
9,621 |
57.9 |
8,764 |
857 |
8.9 |
|
1994
|
10,328 |
60.3 |
9,394 |
935 |
9.0 |
|
1995
|
10,395 |
62.3 |
9,587 |
809 |
7.8 |
|
1996
|
10,293 |
62.3 |
9,592 |
701 |
6.8 |
|
1997
|
10,610 |
65.0 |
9,800 |
810 |
7.6 |
|
1998
|
10,619 |
65.2 |
9,839 |
780 |
7.3 |
|
1999
|
10,322 |
64.4 |
9,674 |
648 |
6.3 |
|
2000
|
10,316 |
65.3 |
9,763 |
553 |
5.4 |
|
2001
|
10,430 |
64.4 |
9,810 |
620 |
5.9 |
|
2002
|
10,193 |
64.1 |
9,441 |
752 |
7.4 |
|
2003
|
10,209 |
62.9 |
9,433 |
776 |
7.6 |
|
2004
|
10,131 |
62.2 |
9,407 |
724 |
7.1 |
|
2005
|
10,347 |
62.6 |
9,634 |
714 |
6.9 |
|
2006
|
10,430 |
63.0 |
9,779 |
651 |
6.2 |
|
2007
|
10,894 |
63.5 |
10,305 |
589 |
5.4 |
|
2008
|
10,452 |
63.6 |
9,794 |
657 |
6.3 |
|
2009
|
10,497 |
63.6 |
9,517 |
980 |
9.3 |
|
2010
|
10,536 |
64.2 |
9,452 |
1,085 |
10.3 |
|
2011
|
10,403 |
64.2 |
9,268 |
1,135 |
10.9 |
|
2012
|
10,462 |
64.7 |
9,458 |
1,004 |
9.6 |
|
2013
|
10,171 |
64.7 |
9,212 |
958 |
9.4 |
|
2014
|
9,982 |
64.3 |
9,153 |
829 |
8.3 |
|
2015
|
10,048 |
63.9 |
9,405 |
643 |
6.4 |
|
2016
|
9,934 |
65.3 |
9,358 |
576 |
5.8 |
|
With children under age 3
|
|
|
1975
|
2,824 |
34.3 |
2,326 |
500 |
17.7 |
|
1976
|
2,702 |
34.1 |
2,285 |
418 |
15.5 |
|
1977
|
2,795 |
35.4 |
2,371 |
424 |
15.2 |
|
1978
|
3,179 |
39.4 |
2,768 |
411 |
12.9 |
|
1979
|
3,380 |
41.1 |
2,979 |
401 |
11.9 |
|
1980
|
3,565 |
41.9 |
3,167 |
398 |
11.2 |
|
1981
|
3,826 |
44.3 |
3,380 |
446 |
11.7 |
|
1982
|
4,133 |
45.6 |
3,542 |
591 |
14.3 |
|
1983
|
4,233 |
46.0 |
3,551 |
682 |
16.1 |
|
1984
|
4,401 |
47.6 |
3,839 |
562 |
12.8 |
|
1985
|
4,601 |
49.5 |
4,089 |
513 |
11.1 |
|
1986
|
4,786 |
50.8 |
4,227 |
559 |
11.7 |
|
1987
|
5,064 |
52.9 |
4,570 |
494 |
9.8 |
|
1988
|
4,947 |
52.4 |
4,477 |
470 |
9.5 |
|
1989
|
5,053 |
52.4 |
4,671 |
381 |
7.5 |
|
1990
|
5,216 |
53.6 |
4,823 |
393 |
7.5 |
|
1991
|
5,417 |
54.5 |
4,868 |
550 |
10.1 |
|
1992
|
5,329 |
54.5 |
4,776 |
553 |
10.4 |
|
1993
|
5,349 |
53.9 |
4,857 |
492 |
9.2 |
|
1994
|
5,724 |
57.1 |
5,165 |
559 |
9.8 |
|
1995
|
5,650 |
58.7 |
5,172 |
478 |
8.5 |
|
1996
|
5,619 |
59.0 |
5,222 |
397 |
7.1 |
|
1997
|
5,839 |
61.8 |
5,366 |
473 |
8.1 |
|
1998
|
5,882 |
62.2 |
5,454 |
428 |
7.3 |
|
1999
|
5,645 |
60.7 |
5,285 |
359 |
6.4 |
|
2000
|
5,670 |
61.0 |
5,350 |
320 |
5.6 |
|
2001
|
5,743 |
60.7 |
5,350 |
393 |
6.8 |
|
2002
|
5,600 |
60.5 |
5,160 |
440 |
7.9 |
|
2003
|
5,568 |
58.7 |
5,112 |
456 |
8.2 |
|
2004
|
5,401 |
57.3 |
4,983 |
417 |
7.7 |
|
2005
|
5,704 |
58.9 |
5,299 |
405 |
7.1 |
|
2006
|
5,842 |
59.9 |
5,458 |
384 |
6.6 |
|
2007
|
6,006 |
60.1 |
5,679 |
327 |
5.5 |
|
2008
|
5,754 |
59.6 |
5,380 |
374 |
6.5 |
|
2009
|
5,960 |
61.1 |
5,401 |
559 |
9.4 |
|
2010
|
5,878 |
61.1 |
5,240 |
638 |
10.9 |
|
2011
|
5,639 |
60.9 |
5,006 |
633 |
11.2 |
|
2012
|
5,529 |
60.7 |
4,960 |
569 |
10.3 |
|
2013
|
5,448 |
62.1 |
4,937 |
511 |
9.4 |
|
2014
|
5,358 |
61.8 |
4,870 |
487 |
9.1 |
|
2015
|
5,494 |
61.4 |
5,119 |
375 |
6.8 |
|
2016
|
5,486 |
63.1 |
5,165 |
322 |
5.9 |
|
With no children under age 18
|
|
|
1975
|
22,365 |
45.1 |
20,381 |
1,984 |
8.9 |
|
1976
|
23,327 |
45.7 |
21,389 |
1,938 |
8.3 |
|
1977
|
24,385 |
46.4 |
22,348 |
2,037 |
8.4 |
|
1978
|
25,362 |
47.0 |
23,631 |
1,731 |
6.8 |
|
1979
|
26,962 |
48.6 |
25,285 |
1,677 |
6.2 |
|
1980
|
27,144 |
48.1 |
25,375 |
1,769 |
6.5 |
|
1981
|
27,992 |
48.7 |
25,934 |
2,059 |
7.4 |
|
1982
|
28,351 |
48.6 |
26,041 |
2,311 |
8.2 |
|
1983
|
28,856 |
48.7 |
26,373 |
2,483 |
8.6 |
|
1984
|
29,684 |
49.3 |
27,652 |
2,032 |
6.8 |
|
1985
|
30,850 |
50.4 |
28,814 |
2,036 |
6.6 |
|
1986
|
31,112 |
50.5 |
29,107 |
2,005 |
6.4 |
|
1987
|
31,538 |
50.5 |
29,688 |
1,850 |
5.9 |
|
1988
|
32,490 |
51.2 |
30,911 |
1,580 |
4.9 |
|
1989
|
33,255 |
51.9 |
31,761 |
1,495 |
4.5 |
|
1990
|
33,942 |
52.3 |
32,391 |
1,551 |
4.6 |
|
1991
|
34,047 |
52.0 |
32,167 |
1,880 |
5.5 |
|
1992
|
34,487 |
52.3 |
32,481 |
2,006 |
5.8 |
|
1993
|
34,495 |
52.1 |
32,476 |
2,020 |
5.9 |
|
1994
|
35,455 |
53.1 |
33,345 |
2,110 |
6.0 |
|
1995
|
35,843 |
52.9 |
34,054 |
1,789 |
5.0 |
|
1996
|
36,509 |
53.0 |
34,698 |
1,811 |
5.0 |
|
1997
|
37,295 |
53.6 |
35,572 |
1,723 |
4.6 |
|
1998
|
38,253 |
54.1 |
36,680 |
1,573 |
4.1 |
|
1999
|
39,314 |
54.3 |
37,587 |
1,727 |
4.4 |
|
2000
|
40,142 |
54.8 |
38,408 |
1,733 |
4.3 |
|
2001
|
40,996 |
54.4 |
39,363 |
1,633 |
4.0 |
|
2002
|
41,278 |
54.0 |
39,038 |
2,241 |
5.4 |
|
2003
|
42,039 |
54.1 |
39,667 |
2,372 |
5.6 |
|
2004
|
42,289 |
53.8 |
40,000 |
2,289 |
5.4 |
|
2005
|
42,677 |
53.5 |
40,570 |
2,107 |
4.9 |
|
2006
|
43,392 |
53.6 |
41,440 |
1,952 |
4.5 |
|
2007
|
44,039 |
53.9 |
42,279 |
1,760 |
4.0 |
|
2008
|
45,585 |
54.3 |
43,417 |
2,168 |
4.8 |
|
2009
|
45,649 |
53.8 |
42,343 |
3,306 |
7.2 |
|
2010
|
46,098 |
53.5 |
42,256 |
3,842 |
8.3 |
|
2011
|
46,198 |
53.0 |
42,569 |
3,629 |
7.9 |
|
2012
|
47,222 |
52.6 |
43,494 |
3,728 |
7.9 |
|
2013
|
47,607 |
52.3 |
44,294 |
3,313 |
7.0 |
|
2014
|
48,076 |
52.1 |
44,980 |
3,096 |
6.4 |
|
2015
|
48,273 |
51.7 |
45,794 |
2,479 |
5.1 |
|
2016
|
49,663 |
52.1 |
47,180 |
2,484 |
5.0 |
Table 8. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 25 to 64 years of age, by educational attainment and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Educational attainment and gender |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Civilian labor force |
Not in labor force |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Employed |
Unemployed |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Percentage of labor force |
|
Total
|
|
|
Total, 25 to 64 years
|
167,068 |
128,713 |
77.0 |
123,528 |
73.9 |
5,185 |
4.0 |
38,355 |
|
Less than a high school diploma
|
16,452 |
9,997 |
60.8 |
9,234 |
56.1 |
763 |
7.6 |
6,454 |
|
High school graduates, no college
|
46,248 |
33,333 |
72.1 |
31,572 |
68.3 |
1,761 |
5.3 |
12,915 |
|
Some college or associate's degree
|
45,723 |
35,560 |
77.8 |
34,112 |
74.6 |
1,448 |
4.1 |
10,163 |
|
College graduates, total
|
58,645 |
49,823 |
85.0 |
48,609 |
82.9 |
1,214 |
2.4 |
8,822 |
|
Bachelor's degree
|
37,427 |
31,355 |
83.8 |
30,520 |
81.5 |
835 |
2.7 |
6,071 |
|
Advanced degree
|
21,219 |
18,468 |
87.0 |
18,089 |
85.2 |
379 |
2.1 |
2,751 |
|
Master's degree
|
15,886 |
13,658 |
86.0 |
13,352 |
84.1 |
305 |
2.2 |
2,228 |
|
Professional degree
|
2,482 |
2,217 |
89.3 |
2,182 |
87.9 |
34 |
1.6 |
266 |
|
Doctoral degree
|
2,850 |
2,593 |
91.0 |
2,554 |
89.6 |
39 |
1.5 |
257 |
|
Women
|
|
|
Total, 25 to 64 years
|
85,391 |
60,049 |
70.3 |
57,604 |
67.5 |
2,445 |
4.1 |
25,342 |
|
Less than a high school diploma
|
7,735 |
3,600 |
46.5 |
3,269 |
42.3 |
331 |
9.2 |
4,135 |
|
High school graduates, no college
|
21,745 |
13,729 |
63.1 |
12,990 |
59.7 |
739 |
5.4 |
8,016 |
|
Some college or associate's degree
|
24,600 |
17,751 |
72.2 |
17,016 |
69.2 |
735 |
4.1 |
6,849 |
|
College graduates, total
|
31,310 |
24,969 |
79.7 |
24,329 |
77.7 |
640 |
2.6 |
6,341 |
|
Bachelor's degree
|
19,828 |
15,449 |
77.9 |
15,023 |
75.8 |
427 |
2.8 |
4,379 |
|
Advanced degree
|
11,482 |
9,519 |
82.9 |
9,306 |
81.1 |
213 |
2.2 |
1,963 |
|
Master's degree
|
9,044 |
7,402 |
81.8 |
7,227 |
79.9 |
175 |
2.4 |
1,642 |
|
Professional degree
|
1,148 |
967 |
84.2 |
949 |
82.6 |
18 |
1.9 |
181 |
|
Doctoral degree
|
1,290 |
1,150 |
89.2 |
1,130 |
87.6 |
20 |
1.8 |
140 |
|
Men
|
|
|
Total, 25 to 64 years
|
81,678 |
68,664 |
84.1 |
65,924 |
80.7 |
2,740 |
4.0 |
13,013 |
|
Less than a high school diploma
|
8,716 |
6,397 |
73.4 |
5,965 |
68.4 |
432 |
6.7 |
2,320 |
|
High school graduates, no college
|
24,503 |
19,604 |
80.0 |
18,583 |
75.8 |
1,021 |
5.2 |
4,899 |
|
Some college or associate's degree
|
21,123 |
17,809 |
84.3 |
17,096 |
80.9 |
712 |
4.0 |
3,314 |
|
College graduates, total
|
27,336 |
24,854 |
90.9 |
24,280 |
88.8 |
574 |
2.3 |
2,481 |
|
Bachelor's degree
|
17,599 |
15,906 |
90.4 |
15,497 |
88.1 |
409 |
2.6 |
1,693 |
|
Advanced degree
|
9,737 |
8,948 |
91.9 |
8,782 |
90.2 |
166 |
1.9 |
788 |
|
Master's degree
|
6,842 |
6,256 |
91.4 |
6,125 |
89.5 |
131 |
2.1 |
586 |
|
Professional degree
|
1,334 |
1,250 |
93.7 |
1,233 |
92.4 |
16 |
1.3 |
84 |
|
Doctoral degree
|
1,561 |
1,443 |
92.5 |
1,424 |
91.3 |
19 |
1.3 |
118 |
Table 9A. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force, 25 to 64 years of age, by educational attainment and gender, 1970–1991
| Year |
Civilian labor force (thousands) |
Percent distribution |
| Total |
High school |
College |
| Less than 4 years |
4 years, no college |
1 to 3 years |
4 years or more |
|
Total
|
|
|
1970
|
61,765 |
100.0 |
36.1 |
38.1 |
11.8 |
14.1 |
|
1971
|
62,344 |
100.0 |
34.5 |
38.4 |
12.3 |
14.8 |
|
1972
|
63,704 |
100.0 |
33.3 |
38.8 |
12.4 |
15.5 |
|
1973
|
64,775 |
100.0 |
30.9 |
39.7 |
13.0 |
16.4 |
|
1974
|
66,527 |
100.0 |
29.3 |
39.5 |
13.7 |
17.5 |
|
1975
|
67,774 |
100.0 |
27.5 |
39.7 |
14.4 |
18.3 |
|
1976
|
69,243 |
100.0 |
25.8 |
39.6 |
15.2 |
19.4 |
|
1977
|
71,324 |
100.0 |
24.9 |
39.2 |
15.7 |
20.2 |
|
1978
|
73,504 |
100.0 |
23.7 |
39.2 |
16.5 |
20.6 |
|
1979
|
75,781 |
100.0 |
21.8 |
39.5 |
17.3 |
21.3 |
|
1980
|
78,010 |
100.0 |
20.6 |
39.8 |
17.6 |
22.0 |
|
1981
|
80,273 |
100.0 |
19.7 |
40.6 |
17.7 |
22.0 |
|
1982
|
81,516 |
100.0 |
18.8 |
40.8 |
17.3 |
23.1 |
|
1983
|
83,615 |
100.0 |
17.8 |
39.9 |
18.1 |
24.2 |
|
1984
|
86,001 |
100.0 |
16.7 |
40.2 |
18.4 |
24.7 |
|
1985
|
88,424 |
100.0 |
15.9 |
40.2 |
19.0 |
24.9 |
|
1986
|
90,500 |
100.0 |
15.5 |
40.2 |
19.5 |
24.8 |
|
1987
|
92,966 |
100.0 |
14.9 |
40.2 |
19.7 |
25.3 |
|
1988
|
94,870 |
100.0 |
14.7 |
39.9 |
19.7 |
25.7 |
|
1989
|
97,318 |
100.0 |
14.0 |
39.6 |
20.0 |
26.4 |
|
1990
|
99,175 |
100.0 |
13.4 |
39.5 |
20.7 |
26.4 |
|
1991
|
100,480 |
100.0 |
13.0 |
39.4 |
21.1 |
26.5 |
|
Women
|
|
|
1970
|
22,462 |
100.0 |
33.5 |
44.3 |
10.9 |
11.2 |
|
1971
|
22,804 |
100.0 |
32.2 |
44.2 |
11.9 |
11.8 |
|
1972
|
23,606 |
100.0 |
30.7 |
45.1 |
11.8 |
12.4 |
|
1973
|
24,158 |
100.0 |
28.4 |
45.9 |
12.4 |
13.3 |
|
1974
|
25,203 |
100.0 |
26.7 |
45.3 |
13.4 |
14.6 |
|
1975
|
26,146 |
100.0 |
26.5 |
45.5 |
13.9 |
14.1 |
|
1976
|
27,166 |
100.0 |
24.0 |
45.1 |
14.7 |
16.2 |
|
1977
|
28,369 |
100.0 |
22.8 |
45.1 |
15.2 |
16.9 |
|
1978
|
29,738 |
100.0 |
22.0 |
44.9 |
16.1 |
17.0 |
|
1979
|
31,151 |
100.0 |
20.1 |
45.0 |
17.1 |
17.8 |
|
1980
|
32,593 |
100.0 |
18.4 |
45.4 |
17.4 |
18.7 |
|
1981
|
33,910 |
100.0 |
17.4 |
46.1 |
17.9 |
18.6 |
|
1982
|
34,870 |
100.0 |
16.6 |
45.6 |
18.3 |
19.5 |
|
1983
|
35,712 |
100.0 |
15.6 |
44.8 |
18.8 |
20.9 |
|
1984
|
37,234 |
100.0 |
14.5 |
44.9 |
18.9 |
21.7 |
|
1985
|
38,779 |
100.0 |
13.7 |
44.4 |
19.9 |
22.0 |
|
1986
|
39,767 |
100.0 |
13.2 |
44.3 |
20.3 |
22.2 |
|
1987
|
41,105 |
100.0 |
12.5 |
44.0 |
20.7 |
22.8 |
|
1988
|
42,254 |
100.0 |
12.4 |
43.3 |
21.2 |
23.1 |
|
1989
|
43,650 |
100.0 |
11.9 |
42.9 |
20.9 |
24.3 |
|
1990
|
44,699 |
100.0 |
11.3 |
42.4 |
21.9 |
24.5 |
|
1991
|
45,315 |
100.0 |
10.9 |
41.6 |
22.2 |
25.2 |
|
Men
|
|
|
1970
|
39,303 |
100.0 |
37.5 |
34.5 |
12.2 |
15.7 |
|
1971
|
39,539 |
100.0 |
35.9 |
35.1 |
12.5 |
16.5 |
|
1972
|
40,098 |
100.0 |
34.8 |
35.1 |
12.8 |
17.3 |
|
1973
|
40,617 |
100.0 |
32.4 |
36.0 |
13.4 |
18.2 |
|
1974
|
41,344 |
100.0 |
30.8 |
36.0 |
13.9 |
19.3 |
|
1975
|
41,628 |
100.0 |
28.9 |
36.1 |
14.8 |
20.2 |
|
1976
|
42,077 |
100.0 |
27.0 |
36.0 |
15.5 |
21.5 |
|
1977
|
42,954 |
100.0 |
26.3 |
35.3 |
16.1 |
22.3 |
|
1978
|
43,766 |
100.0 |
24.8 |
35.3 |
16.9 |
23.0 |
|
1979
|
44,630 |
100.0 |
23.0 |
35.7 |
17.5 |
23.8 |
|
1980
|
45,417 |
100.0 |
22.2 |
35.7 |
17.7 |
24.3 |
|
1981
|
46,363 |
100.0 |
21.5 |
36.5 |
17.4 |
24.6 |
|
1982
|
47,144 |
100.0 |
20.3 |
36.8 |
17.5 |
25.5 |
|
1983
|
47,903 |
100.0 |
19.4 |
36.3 |
17.7 |
26.6 |
|
1984
|
48,767 |
100.0 |
18.4 |
36.7 |
18.0 |
26.9 |
|
1985
|
49,647 |
100.0 |
17.7 |
36.9 |
18.3 |
27.1 |
|
1986
|
50,733 |
100.0 |
17.2 |
37.0 |
18.9 |
26.9 |
|
1987
|
51,860 |
100.0 |
16.8 |
37.1 |
18.9 |
27.2 |
|
1988
|
52,616 |
100.0 |
16.5 |
37.3 |
18.5 |
27.8 |
|
1989
|
53,668 |
100.0 |
15.7 |
36.9 |
19.2 |
28.2 |
|
1990
|
54,476 |
100.0 |
15.1 |
37.2 |
19.7 |
28.0 |
|
1991
|
55,165 |
100.0 |
14.7 |
37.5 |
20.2 |
27.6 |
Table 9B. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force, 25 to 64 years of age, by educational attainment and gender, 1992–2016
| Year |
Civilian labor force (thousands) |
Percent distribution |
| Total |
Less than a high school diploma |
High school graduates, no college(1) |
Some college or associate's degree |
Bachelor's degree and higher(2) |
|
Total
|
|
|
1992
|
103,018 |
100.0 |
12.1 |
35.7 |
25.6 |
26.6 |
|
1993
|
104,237 |
100.0 |
11.3 |
35.1 |
26.6 |
27.0 |
|
1994
|
105,610 |
100.0 |
10.8 |
33.9 |
27.7 |
27.6 |
|
1995
|
107,032 |
100.0 |
10.4 |
33.2 |
28.1 |
28.3 |
|
1996
|
108,932 |
100.0 |
10.6 |
32.9 |
27.8 |
28.7 |
|
1997
|
110,945 |
100.0 |
10.6 |
32.9 |
27.5 |
29.0 |
|
1998
|
111,932 |
100.0 |
10.5 |
32.4 |
27.4 |
29.8 |
|
1999
|
113,095 |
100.0 |
10.0 |
31.8 |
27.6 |
30.5 |
|
2000
|
115,750 |
100.0 |
10.1 |
31.4 |
27.8 |
30.7 |
|
2001
|
116,893 |
100.0 |
10.1 |
30.9 |
28.0 |
31.0 |
|
2002
|
118,028 |
100.0 |
10.0 |
30.7 |
27.7 |
31.6 |
|
2003
|
119,621 |
100.0 |
9.9 |
30.3 |
27.6 |
32.1 |
|
2004
|
120,135 |
100.0 |
9.7 |
30.1 |
27.7 |
32.4 |
|
2005
|
121,752 |
100.0 |
9.8 |
29.9 |
27.8 |
32.5 |
|
2006
|
123,550 |
100.0 |
9.7 |
29.6 |
27.7 |
33.0 |
|
2007
|
125,104 |
100.0 |
9.3 |
29.2 |
27.7 |
33.8 |
|
2008
|
126,011 |
100.0 |
9.0 |
28.8 |
28.0 |
34.2 |
|
2009
|
126,247 |
100.0 |
9.0 |
28.6 |
28.0 |
34.4 |
|
2010
|
126,237 |
100.0 |
8.9 |
28.6 |
27.9 |
34.6 |
|
2011
|
125,508 |
100.0 |
8.7 |
28.0 |
28.0 |
35.3 |
|
2012
|
125,963 |
100.0 |
8.4 |
27.4 |
28.2 |
36.0 |
|
2013
|
125,892 |
100.0 |
8.2 |
27.1 |
28.0 |
36.7 |
|
2014
|
126,269 |
100.0 |
8.0 |
26.7 |
27.9 |
37.3 |
|
2015
|
127,106 |
100.0 |
8.1 |
25.9 |
27.7 |
38.2 |
|
2016
|
128,713 |
100.0 |
7.8 |
25.9 |
27.6 |
38.7 |
|
Women
|
|
|
1992
|
46,589 |
100.0 |
10.3 |
37.4 |
27.3 |
25.0 |
|
1993
|
47,245 |
100.0 |
9.3 |
36.6 |
28.4 |
25.7 |
|
1994
|
48,405 |
100.0 |
9.0 |
35.0 |
29.8 |
26.2 |
|
1995
|
49,247 |
100.0 |
8.8 |
34.1 |
30.2 |
26.9 |
|
1996
|
50,240 |
100.0 |
8.8 |
33.6 |
29.9 |
27.8 |
|
1997
|
51,261 |
100.0 |
8.7 |
33.5 |
29.4 |
28.4 |
|
1998
|
51,678 |
100.0 |
8.8 |
32.7 |
29.4 |
29.2 |
|
1999
|
52,525 |
100.0 |
8.5 |
32.1 |
29.5 |
29.9 |
|
2000
|
53,749 |
100.0 |
8.5 |
31.6 |
29.8 |
30.1 |
|
2001
|
54,229 |
100.0 |
8.4 |
31.0 |
30.2 |
30.4 |
|
2002
|
54,710 |
100.0 |
8.1 |
30.6 |
29.9 |
31.3 |
|
2003
|
55,596 |
100.0 |
7.9 |
30.0 |
29.9 |
32.2 |
|
2004
|
55,616 |
100.0 |
7.7 |
29.4 |
30.2 |
32.6 |
|
2005
|
56,322 |
100.0 |
7.7 |
28.7 |
30.2 |
33.3 |
|
2006
|
57,201 |
100.0 |
7.6 |
28.3 |
30.2 |
33.9 |
|
2007
|
57,791 |
100.0 |
7.1 |
27.9 |
30.1 |
34.9 |
|
2008
|
58,465 |
100.0 |
6.9 |
27.2 |
30.4 |
35.6 |
|
2009
|
58,787 |
100.0 |
7.0 |
26.7 |
30.3 |
36.0 |
|
2010
|
58,808 |
100.0 |
6.8 |
26.4 |
30.3 |
36.4 |
|
2011
|
58,520 |
100.0 |
6.7 |
25.8 |
30.4 |
37.1 |
|
2012
|
59,031 |
100.0 |
6.5 |
25.0 |
30.4 |
38.1 |
|
2013
|
58,812 |
100.0 |
6.3 |
24.6 |
30.1 |
39.0 |
|
2014
|
58,983 |
100.0 |
6.1 |
24.1 |
29.8 |
40.0 |
|
2015
|
59,252 |
100.0 |
6.1 |
23.2 |
29.6 |
41.1 |
|
2016
|
60,049 |
100.0 |
6.0 |
22.9 |
29.6 |
41.6 |
|
Men
|
|
|
1992
|
56,428 |
100.0 |
13.7 |
34.2 |
24.3 |
27.8 |
|
1993
|
56,992 |
100.0 |
12.9 |
33.9 |
25.1 |
28.1 |
|
1994
|
57,205 |
100.0 |
12.4 |
33.0 |
25.9 |
28.8 |
|
1995
|
57,784 |
100.0 |
11.8 |
32.4 |
26.3 |
29.4 |
|
1996
|
58,692 |
100.0 |
12.2 |
32.3 |
26.1 |
29.4 |
|
1997
|
59,684 |
100.0 |
12.2 |
32.4 |
25.9 |
29.6 |
|
1998
|
60,255 |
100.0 |
12.0 |
32.1 |
25.6 |
30.3 |
|
1999
|
60,570 |
100.0 |
11.4 |
31.6 |
26.0 |
31.0 |
|
2000
|
62,001 |
100.0 |
11.5 |
31.2 |
26.1 |
31.2 |
|
2001
|
62,664 |
100.0 |
11.5 |
30.9 |
26.2 |
31.4 |
|
2002
|
63,318 |
100.0 |
11.6 |
30.8 |
25.8 |
31.8 |
|
2003
|
64,025 |
100.0 |
11.7 |
30.6 |
25.6 |
32.1 |
|
2004
|
64,519 |
100.0 |
11.5 |
30.7 |
25.6 |
32.3 |
|
2005
|
65,430 |
100.0 |
11.5 |
30.9 |
25.7 |
31.9 |
|
2006
|
66,350 |
100.0 |
11.5 |
30.6 |
25.5 |
32.3 |
|
2007
|
67,313 |
100.0 |
11.2 |
30.4 |
25.6 |
32.9 |
|
2008
|
67,546 |
100.0 |
10.9 |
30.2 |
25.9 |
33.0 |
|
2009
|
67,460 |
100.0 |
10.8 |
30.3 |
25.9 |
33.0 |
|
2010
|
67,429 |
100.0 |
10.6 |
30.6 |
25.8 |
33.0 |
|
2011
|
66,989 |
100.0 |
10.4 |
30.0 |
26.0 |
33.7 |
|
2012
|
66,932 |
100.0 |
10.0 |
29.6 |
26.2 |
34.1 |
|
2013
|
67,081 |
100.0 |
9.8 |
29.2 |
26.2 |
34.7 |
|
2014
|
67,287 |
100.0 |
9.8 |
29.1 |
26.2 |
35.0 |
|
2015
|
67,853 |
100.0 |
9.9 |
28.4 |
26.0 |
35.7 |
|
2016
|
68,664 |
100.0 |
9.3 |
28.6 |
25.9 |
36.2 |
Table 10. Employed people, by occupation and gender, 2015 and 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Occupation and gender |
Year |
| 2015 |
2016 |
| Number |
Percent |
Number |
Percent |
|
Total
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
148,834 |
100.0 |
151,436 |
100.0 |
|
Management, professional, and related occupations
|
57,960 |
38.9 |
59,438 |
39.2 |
|
Management, business, and financial operations occupations
|
24,108 |
16.2 |
24,941 |
16.5 |
|
Professional and related occupations
|
33,852 |
22.7 |
34,498 |
22.8 |
|
Service occupations
|
25,896 |
17.4 |
26,811 |
17.7 |
|
Sales and office occupations
|
33,598 |
22.6 |
33,539 |
22.1 |
|
Sales and related occupations
|
15,700 |
10.5 |
15,848 |
10.5 |
|
Office and administrative support occupations
|
17,897 |
12.0 |
17,691 |
11.7 |
|
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
|
13,733 |
9.2 |
13,904 |
9.2 |
|
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
|
1,073 |
0.7 |
1,096 |
0.7 |
|
Construction and extraction occupations
|
7,652 |
5.1 |
7,929 |
5.2 |
|
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
|
5,008 |
3.4 |
4,879 |
3.2 |
|
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
|
17,647 |
11.9 |
17,743 |
11.7 |
|
Production occupations
|
8,522 |
5.7 |
8,459 |
5.6 |
|
Transportation and material moving occupations
|
9,125 |
6.1 |
9,284 |
6.1 |
|
Women
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
69,703 |
100.0 |
70,868 |
100.0 |
|
Management, professional, and related occupations
|
29,871 |
42.9 |
30,593 |
43.2 |
|
Management, business, and financial operations occupations
|
10,519 |
15.1 |
10,922 |
15.4 |
|
Professional and related occupations
|
19,351 |
27.8 |
19,671 |
27.8 |
|
Service occupations
|
14,686 |
21.1 |
15,186 |
21.4 |
|
Sales and office occupations
|
20,659 |
29.6 |
20,516 |
28.9 |
|
Sales and related occupations
|
7,741 |
11.1 |
7,761 |
11.0 |
|
Office and administrative support occupations
|
12,918 |
18.5 |
12,755 |
18.0 |
|
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
|
642 |
0.9 |
657 |
0.9 |
|
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
|
260 |
0.4 |
244 |
0.3 |
|
Construction and extraction occupations
|
207 |
0.3 |
236 |
0.3 |
|
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
|
175 |
0.3 |
177 |
0.2 |
|
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
|
3,846 |
5.5 |
3,916 |
5.5 |
|
Production occupations
|
2,452 |
3.5 |
2,385 |
3.4 |
|
Transportation and material moving occupations
|
1,394 |
2.0 |
1,531 |
2.2 |
|
Men
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
79,131 |
100.0 |
80,568 |
100.0 |
|
Management, professional, and related occupations
|
28,090 |
35.5 |
28,846 |
35.8 |
|
Management, business, and financial operations occupations
|
13,589 |
17.2 |
14,019 |
17.4 |
|
Professional and related occupations
|
14,501 |
18.3 |
14,827 |
18.4 |
|
Service occupations
|
11,209 |
14.2 |
11,625 |
14.4 |
|
Sales and office occupations
|
12,939 |
16.4 |
13,023 |
16.2 |
|
Sales and related occupations
|
7,960 |
10.1 |
8,088 |
10.0 |
|
Office and administrative support occupations
|
4,980 |
6.3 |
4,936 |
6.1 |
|
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
|
13,091 |
16.5 |
13,247 |
16.4 |
|
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
|
813 |
1.0 |
852 |
1.1 |
|
Construction and extraction occupations
|
7,445 |
9.4 |
7,693 |
9.5 |
|
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
|
4,833 |
6.1 |
4,703 |
5.8 |
|
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
|
13,801 |
17.4 |
13,826 |
17.2 |
|
Production occupations
|
6,070 |
7.7 |
6,073 |
7.5 |
|
Transportation and material moving occupations
|
7,731 |
9.8 |
7,753 |
9.6 |
Table 11. Employed people, by detailed occupation, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Occupation |
Total employed |
Percent women |
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
151,436 |
46.8 |
|
Management, professional, and related occupations
|
59,438 |
51.5 |
|
Management, business, and financial operations occupations
|
24,941 |
43.8 |
|
Management occupations
|
17,418 |
39.1 |
|
Chief executives
|
1,649 |
27.3 |
|
General and operations managers
|
949 |
29.8 |
|
Legislators
|
20 |
– |
|
Advertising and promotions managers
|
67 |
56.5 |
|
Marketing and sales managers
|
1,066 |
45.3 |
|
Public relations and fundraising managers
|
62 |
70.9 |
|
Administrative services managers
|
181 |
42.6 |
|
Computer and information systems managers
|
597 |
25.5 |
|
Financial managers
|
1,197 |
52.5 |
|
Compensation and benefits managers
|
20 |
– |
|
Human resources managers
|
287 |
74.2 |
|
Training and development managers
|
58 |
58.5 |
|
Industrial production managers
|
275 |
23.2 |
|
Purchasing managers
|
203 |
47.4 |
|
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers
|
299 |
17.1 |
|
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers
|
1,042 |
24.8 |
|
Construction managers
|
812 |
7.4 |
|
Education administrators
|
954 |
65.1 |
|
Architectural and engineering managers
|
136 |
5.3 |
|
Food service managers
|
1,157 |
45.9 |
|
Funeral service managers
|
15 |
– |
|
Gaming managers
|
16 |
– |
|
Lodging managers
|
166 |
52.2 |
|
Medical and health services managers
|
593 |
72.3 |
|
Natural sciences managers
|
14 |
– |
|
Postmasters and mail superintendents
|
25 |
– |
|
Property, real estate, and community association managers
|
709 |
46.5 |
|
Social and community service managers
|
421 |
70.5 |
|
Emergency management directors
|
10 |
– |
|
Managers, all other
|
4,420 |
34.4 |
|
Business and financial operations occupations
|
7,523 |
54.7 |
|
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes
|
38 |
– |
|
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products
|
11 |
– |
|
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products
|
207 |
53.1 |
|
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
|
272 |
48.0 |
|
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators
|
349 |
62.2 |
|
Compliance officers
|
270 |
57.1 |
|
Cost estimators
|
113 |
12.0 |
|
Human resources workers
|
693 |
74.6 |
|
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists
|
77 |
72.1 |
|
Training and development specialists
|
156 |
60.7 |
|
Logisticians
|
115 |
32.3 |
|
Management analysts
|
902 |
41.7 |
|
Meeting, convention, and event planners
|
162 |
77.6 |
|
Fundraisers
|
86 |
66.5 |
|
Market research analysts and marketing specialists
|
302 |
55.0 |
|
Business operations specialists, all other
|
290 |
60.9 |
|
Accountants and auditors
|
1,777 |
61.3 |
|
Appraisers and assessors of real estate
|
73 |
35.6 |
|
Budget analysts
|
53 |
51.3 |
|
Credit analysts
|
27 |
– |
|
Financial analysts
|
307 |
36.9 |
|
Personal financial advisors
|
513 |
31.6 |
|
Insurance underwriters
|
104 |
62.5 |
|
Financial examiners
|
14 |
– |
|
Credit counselors and loan officers
|
367 |
57.7 |
|
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents
|
68 |
63.8 |
|
Tax preparers
|
108 |
63.2 |
|
Financial specialists, all other
|
68 |
55.7 |
|
Professional and related occupations
|
34,498 |
57.0 |
|
Computer and mathematical occupations
|
4,601 |
25.5 |
|
Computer and information research scientists
|
20 |
– |
|
Computer systems analysts
|
526 |
35.7 |
|
Information security analysts
|
89 |
21.8 |
|
Computer programmers
|
466 |
22.6 |
|
Software developers, applications and systems software
|
1,483 |
20.0 |
|
Web developers
|
205 |
33.6 |
|
Computer support specialists
|
570 |
25.5 |
|
Database administrators
|
90 |
46.2 |
|
Network and computer systems administrators
|
218 |
17.1 |
|
Computer network architects
|
115 |
9.7 |
|
Computer occupations, all other
|
596 |
23.4 |
|
Actuaries
|
14 |
– |
|
Mathematicians
|
4 |
– |
|
Operations research analysts
|
129 |
55.4 |
|
Statisticians
|
74 |
52.5 |
|
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
|
2 |
– |
|
Architecture and engineering occupations
|
3,106 |
14.2 |
|
Architects, except naval
|
246 |
26.0 |
|
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists
|
34 |
– |
|
Aerospace engineers
|
130 |
7.8 |
|
Agricultural engineers
|
2 |
– |
|
Biomedical engineers
|
13 |
– |
|
Chemical engineers
|
79 |
20.1 |
|
Civil engineers
|
425 |
10.8 |
|
Computer hardware engineers
|
69 |
24.7 |
|
Electrical and electronics engineers
|
293 |
10.8 |
|
Environmental engineers
|
33 |
– |
|
Industrial engineers, including health and safety
|
220 |
20.3 |
|
Marine engineers and naval architects
|
13 |
– |
|
Materials engineers
|
31 |
– |
|
Mechanical engineers
|
350 |
6.4 |
|
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
|
9 |
– |
|
Nuclear engineers
|
7 |
– |
|
Petroleum engineers
|
36 |
– |
|
Engineers, all other
|
539 |
12.2 |
|
Drafters
|
109 |
15.0 |
|
Engineering technicians, except drafters
|
385 |
19.8 |
|
Surveying and mapping technicians
|
83 |
7.9 |
|
Life, physical, and social science occupations
|
1,367 |
44.0 |
|
Agricultural and food scientists
|
35 |
– |
|
Biological scientists
|
96 |
43.4 |
|
Conservation scientists and foresters
|
31 |
– |
|
Medical scientists
|
154 |
46.9 |
|
Life scientists, all other
|
3 |
– |
|
Astronomers and physicists
|
19 |
– |
|
Atmospheric and space scientists
|
6 |
– |
|
Chemists and materials scientists
|
95 |
34.6 |
|
Environmental scientists and geoscientists
|
89 |
30.0 |
|
Physical scientists, all other
|
261 |
45.0 |
|
Economists
|
26 |
– |
|
Survey researchers
|
3 |
– |
|
Psychologists
|
161 |
67.5 |
|
Sociologists
|
3 |
– |
|
Urban and regional planners
|
38 |
– |
|
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
|
39 |
– |
|
Agricultural and food science technicians
|
35 |
– |
|
Biological technicians
|
17 |
– |
|
Chemical technicians
|
76 |
34.6 |
|
Geological and petroleum technicians
|
18 |
– |
|
Nuclear technicians
|
5 |
– |
|
Social science research assistants
|
2 |
– |
|
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians
|
155 |
51.0 |
|
Community and social service occupations
|
2,612 |
65.5 |
|
Counselors
|
869 |
73.0 |
|
Social workers
|
781 |
81.5 |
|
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists
|
102 |
57.4 |
|
Social and human service assistants
|
184 |
80.5 |
|
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers
|
89 |
74.9 |
|
Clergy
|
436 |
17.6 |
|
Directors, religious activities and education
|
78 |
55.0 |
|
Religious workers, all other
|
73 |
64.4 |
|
Legal occupations
|
1,808 |
51.8 |
|
Lawyers
|
1,133 |
35.7 |
|
Judicial law clerks
|
15 |
– |
|
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers
|
59 |
34.2 |
|
Paralegals and legal assistants
|
433 |
86.7 |
|
Miscellaneous legal support workers
|
168 |
77.0 |
|
Education, training, and library occupations
|
8,948 |
73.1 |
|
Postsecondary teachers
|
1,420 |
48.3 |
|
Preschool and kindergarten teachers
|
692 |
97.5 |
|
Elementary and middle school teachers
|
3,186 |
78.5 |
|
Secondary school teachers
|
1,078 |
60.5 |
|
Special education teachers
|
353 |
85.2 |
|
Other teachers and instructors
|
868 |
65.3 |
|
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians
|
43 |
– |
|
Librarians
|
190 |
83.8 |
|
Library technicians
|
37 |
– |
|
Teacher assistants
|
950 |
89.3 |
|
Other education, training, and library workers
|
132 |
71.4 |
|
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
|
3,097 |
48.5 |
|
Artists and related workers
|
232 |
56.6 |
|
Designers
|
878 |
54.8 |
|
Actors
|
47 |
– |
|
Producers and directors
|
173 |
38.5 |
|
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers
|
312 |
34.2 |
|
Dancers and choreographers
|
17 |
– |
|
Musicians, singers, and related workers
|
192 |
40.4 |
|
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other
|
49 |
– |
|
Announcers
|
59 |
20.9 |
|
News analysts, reporters and correspondents
|
73 |
48.8 |
|
Public relations specialists
|
121 |
58.9 |
|
Editors
|
167 |
52.4 |
|
Technical writers
|
61 |
55.7 |
|
Writers and authors
|
229 |
62.8 |
|
Miscellaneous media and communication workers
|
116 |
68.7 |
|
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators
|
111 |
15.2 |
|
Photographers
|
205 |
47.7 |
|
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors
|
54 |
21.4 |
|
Media and communication equipment workers, all other
|
1 |
– |
|
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
|
8,960 |
75.6 |
|
Chiropractors
|
51 |
27.4 |
|
Dentists
|
163 |
34.4 |
|
Dietitians and nutritionists
|
120 |
89.4 |
|
Optometrists
|
36 |
– |
|
Pharmacists
|
306 |
59.9 |
|
Physicians and surgeons
|
1,061 |
38.2 |
|
Physician assistants
|
92 |
70.0 |
|
Podiatrists
|
12 |
– |
|
Audiologists
|
15 |
– |
|
Occupational therapists
|
118 |
89.2 |
|
Physical therapists
|
290 |
69.3 |
|
Radiation therapists
|
13 |
– |
|
Recreational therapists
|
11 |
– |
|
Respiratory therapists
|
84 |
73.5 |
|
Speech-language pathologists
|
162 |
97.5 |
|
Exercise physiologists
|
2 |
– |
|
Therapists, all other
|
205 |
82.6 |
|
Veterinarians
|
101 |
63.2 |
|
Registered nurses
|
3,102 |
90.0 |
|
Nurse anesthetists
|
23 |
– |
|
Nurse midwives
|
6 |
– |
|
Nurse practitioners
|
176 |
94.0 |
|
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other
|
32 |
– |
|
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
|
361 |
68.5 |
|
Dental hygienists
|
169 |
97.1 |
|
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians
|
311 |
73.0 |
|
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
|
194 |
35.7 |
|
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians
|
610 |
79.5 |
|
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
|
653 |
90.0 |
|
Medical records and health information technicians
|
184 |
92.1 |
|
Opticians, dispensing
|
55 |
69.7 |
|
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians
|
130 |
65.6 |
|
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
|
114 |
51.7 |
|
Service occupations
|
26,811 |
56.6 |
|
Healthcare support occupations
|
3,554 |
87.7 |
|
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides
|
2,058 |
88.1 |
|
Occupational therapy assistants and aides
|
20 |
– |
|
Physical therapist assistants and aides
|
70 |
69.4 |
|
Massage therapists
|
170 |
80.7 |
|
Dental assistants
|
294 |
93.3 |
|
Medical assistants
|
570 |
92.9 |
|
Medical transcriptionists
|
39 |
– |
|
Pharmacy aides
|
36 |
– |
|
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers
|
39 |
– |
|
Phlebotomists
|
101 |
86.5 |
|
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers
|
156 |
73.9 |
|
Protective service occupations
|
3,117 |
22.3 |
|
First-line supervisors of correctional officers
|
61 |
34.0 |
|
First-line supervisors of police and detectives
|
114 |
18.3 |
|
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers
|
44 |
– |
|
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other
|
88 |
23.5 |
|
Firefighters
|
252 |
3.5 |
|
Fire inspectors
|
27 |
– |
|
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers
|
383 |
28.2 |
|
Detectives and criminal investigators
|
130 |
23.6 |
|
Fish and game wardens
|
9 |
– |
|
Parking enforcement workers
|
8 |
– |
|
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers
|
708 |
14.1 |
|
Transit and railroad police
|
2 |
– |
|
Animal control workers
|
9 |
– |
|
Private detectives and investigators
|
94 |
44.0 |
|
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers
|
923 |
22.0 |
|
Crossing guards
|
72 |
60.4 |
|
Transportation security screeners
|
44 |
– |
|
Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers
|
149 |
44.2 |
|
Food preparation and serving related occupations
|
8,542 |
53.5 |
|
Chefs and head cooks
|
460 |
21.4 |
|
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers
|
543 |
57.7 |
|
Cooks
|
2,179 |
38.7 |
|
Food preparation workers
|
1,000 |
58.2 |
|
Bartenders
|
454 |
56.1 |
|
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food
|
420 |
63.5 |
|
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop
|
214 |
67.2 |
|
Waiters and waitresses
|
2,085 |
70.0 |
|
Food servers, nonrestaurant
|
213 |
71.3 |
|
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers
|
331 |
42.9 |
|
Dishwashers
|
319 |
18.0 |
|
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop
|
319 |
80.8 |
|
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other
|
3 |
– |
|
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
|
5,804 |
40.1 |
|
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers
|
323 |
39.9 |
|
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers
|
231 |
4.6 |
|
Janitors and building cleaners
|
2,276 |
34.2 |
|
Maids and housekeeping cleaners
|
1,485 |
89.6 |
|
Pest control workers
|
79 |
2.6 |
|
Grounds maintenance workers
|
1,411 |
5.4 |
|
Personal care and service occupations
|
5,795 |
77.3 |
|
First-line supervisors of gaming workers
|
206 |
46.4 |
|
First-line supervisors of personal service workers
|
191 |
70.5 |
|
Animal trainers
|
61 |
47.3 |
|
Nonfarm animal caretakers
|
233 |
76.9 |
|
Gaming services workers
|
92 |
47.9 |
|
Motion picture projectionists
|
6 |
– |
|
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers
|
40 |
– |
|
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers
|
199 |
41.0 |
|
Embalmers and funeral attendants
|
12 |
– |
|
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors
|
40 |
– |
|
Barbers
|
126 |
11.7 |
|
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists
|
806 |
92.4 |
|
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers
|
364 |
86.1 |
|
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges
|
66 |
17.5 |
|
Tour and travel guides
|
53 |
40.2 |
|
Childcare workers
|
1,280 |
94.4 |
|
Personal care aides
|
1,396 |
84.9 |
|
Recreation and fitness workers
|
440 |
62.2 |
|
Residential advisors
|
42 |
– |
|
Personal care and service workers, all other
|
142 |
56.5 |
|
Sales and office occupations
|
33,539 |
61.2 |
|
Sales and related occupations
|
15,848 |
49.0 |
|
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers
|
3,282 |
44.1 |
|
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers
|
1,180 |
26.8 |
|
Cashiers
|
3,260 |
73.2 |
|
Counter and rental clerks
|
105 |
46.6 |
|
Parts salespersons
|
117 |
13.8 |
|
Retail salespersons
|
3,312 |
48.4 |
|
Advertising sales agents
|
222 |
45.5 |
|
Insurance sales agents
|
630 |
46.5 |
|
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
|
263 |
30.4 |
|
Travel agents
|
83 |
84.7 |
|
Sales representatives, services, all other
|
512 |
31.8 |
|
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing
|
1,308 |
29.1 |
|
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters
|
59 |
67.4 |
|
Real estate brokers and sales agents
|
977 |
55.5 |
|
Sales engineers
|
43 |
– |
|
Telemarketers
|
61 |
64.0 |
|
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers
|
160 |
62.5 |
|
Sales and related workers, all others
|
274 |
47.2 |
|
Office and administrative support occupations
|
17,691 |
72.1 |
|
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers
|
1,352 |
68.5 |
|
Switchboard operators, including answering service
|
25 |
– |
|
Telephone operators
|
41 |
– |
|
Communications equipment operators, all other
|
5 |
– |
|
Bill and account collectors
|
152 |
67.4 |
|
Billing and posting clerks
|
452 |
89.0 |
|
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
|
1,137 |
88.5 |
|
Gaming cage workers
|
12 |
– |
|
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
|
129 |
90.7 |
|
Procurement clerks
|
27 |
– |
|
Tellers
|
342 |
81.7 |
|
Financial clerks, all other
|
69 |
63.9 |
|
Brokerage clerks
|
3 |
– |
|
Correspondence clerks
|
7 |
– |
|
Court, municipal, and license clerks
|
80 |
71.1 |
|
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks
|
44 |
– |
|
Customer service representatives
|
2,388 |
65.0 |
|
Eligibility interviewers, government programs
|
77 |
75.2 |
|
File clerks
|
183 |
82.7 |
|
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks
|
138 |
66.1 |
|
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan
|
152 |
88.1 |
|
Library assistants, clerical
|
87 |
86.2 |
|
Loan interviewers and clerks
|
132 |
79.0 |
|
New accounts clerks
|
24 |
– |
|
Order clerks
|
105 |
57.3 |
|
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping
|
42 |
– |
|
Receptionists and information clerks
|
1,331 |
90.1 |
|
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks
|
144 |
55.1 |
|
Information and record clerks, all other
|
118 |
71.9 |
|
Cargo and freight agents
|
27 |
– |
|
Couriers and messengers
|
227 |
18.4 |
|
Dispatchers
|
292 |
55.7 |
|
Meter readers, utilities
|
31 |
– |
|
Postal service clerks
|
121 |
53.7 |
|
Postal service mail carriers
|
320 |
38.9 |
|
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators
|
60 |
42.4 |
|
Production, planning, and expediting clerks
|
245 |
51.5 |
|
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
|
546 |
33.9 |
|
Stock clerks and order fillers
|
1,530 |
37.0 |
|
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping
|
51 |
52.0 |
|
Secretaries and administrative assistants
|
2,744 |
94.6 |
|
Computer operators
|
91 |
50.8 |
|
Data entry keyers
|
272 |
77.6 |
|
Word processors and typists
|
82 |
88.9 |
|
Desktop publishers
|
0 |
– |
|
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks
|
273 |
85.2 |
|
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service
|
77 |
43.5 |
|
Office clerks, general
|
1,295 |
82.8 |
|
Office machine operators, except computer
|
35 |
– |
|
Proofreaders and copy markers
|
12 |
– |
|
Statistical assistants
|
9 |
– |
|
Office and administrative support workers, all other
|
551 |
75.8 |
|
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
|
13,904 |
4.7 |
|
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
|
1,096 |
22.3 |
|
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers
|
48 |
– |
|
Agricultural inspectors
|
19 |
– |
|
Animal breeders
|
7 |
– |
|
Graders and sorters, agricultural products
|
85 |
65.5 |
|
Miscellaneous agricultural workers
|
818 |
21.0 |
|
Fishers and related fishing workers
|
29 |
– |
|
Hunters and trappers
|
1 |
– |
|
Forest and conservation workers
|
21 |
– |
|
Logging workers
|
68 |
0.9 |
|
Construction and extraction occupations
|
7,929 |
3.0 |
|
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers
|
680 |
2.6 |
|
Boilermakers
|
23 |
– |
|
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons
|
160 |
0.5 |
|
Carpenters
|
1,359 |
2.1 |
|
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers
|
168 |
1.9 |
|
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers
|
56 |
2.2 |
|
Construction laborers
|
1,801 |
3.5 |
|
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators
|
13 |
– |
|
Pile-driver operators
|
2 |
– |
|
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators
|
351 |
2.3 |
|
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers
|
180 |
1.1 |
|
Electricians
|
774 |
3.0 |
|
Glaziers
|
54 |
1.4 |
|
Insulation workers
|
50 |
5.2 |
|
Painters, construction and maintenance
|
612 |
6.2 |
|
Paperhangers
|
4 |
– |
|
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
|
583 |
1.4 |
|
Plasterers and stucco masons
|
34 |
– |
|
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers
|
12 |
– |
|
Roofers
|
230 |
1.7 |
|
Sheet metal workers
|
126 |
2.9 |
|
Structural iron and steel workers
|
60 |
2.0 |
|
Solar photovoltaic installers
|
10 |
– |
|
Helpers, construction trades
|
57 |
6.2 |
|
Construction and building inspectors
|
93 |
6.4 |
|
Elevator installers and repairers
|
44 |
– |
|
Fence erectors
|
43 |
– |
|
Hazardous materials removal workers
|
34 |
– |
|
Highway maintenance workers
|
92 |
3.2 |
|
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators
|
10 |
– |
|
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners
|
10 |
– |
|
Miscellaneous construction and related workers
|
34 |
– |
|
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining
|
25 |
– |
|
Earth drillers, except oil and gas
|
33 |
– |
|
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters
|
11 |
– |
|
Mining machine operators
|
55 |
1.5 |
|
Roof bolters, mining
|
4 |
– |
|
Roustabouts, oil and gas
|
6 |
– |
|
Helpers--extraction workers
|
4 |
– |
|
Other extraction workers
|
32 |
– |
|
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
|
4,879 |
3.6 |
|
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers
|
264 |
10.1 |
|
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers
|
212 |
9.6 |
|
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
|
143 |
16.1 |
|
Avionics technicians
|
7 |
– |
|
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers
|
25 |
– |
|
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment
|
2 |
– |
|
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility
|
13 |
– |
|
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles
|
10 |
– |
|
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers
|
44 |
– |
|
Security and fire alarm systems installers
|
79 |
1.8 |
|
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians
|
140 |
1.7 |
|
Automotive body and related repairers
|
147 |
3.6 |
|
Automotive glass installers and repairers
|
22 |
– |
|
Automotive service technicians and mechanics
|
879 |
1.7 |
|
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists
|
342 |
0.8 |
|
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics
|
203 |
0.5 |
|
Small engine mechanics
|
51 |
3.5 |
|
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
|
87 |
1.7 |
|
Control and valve installers and repairers
|
33 |
– |
|
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers
|
427 |
1.4 |
|
Home appliance repairers
|
49 |
– |
|
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics
|
393 |
3.3 |
|
Maintenance and repair workers, general
|
552 |
3.0 |
|
Maintenance workers, machinery
|
21 |
– |
|
Millwrights
|
40 |
– |
|
Electrical power-line installers and repairers
|
136 |
0.6 |
|
Telecommunications line installers and repairers
|
171 |
2.5 |
|
Precision instrument and equipment repairers
|
66 |
14.9 |
|
Wind turbine service technicians
|
5 |
– |
|
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers
|
38 |
– |
|
Commercial divers
|
1 |
– |
|
Locksmiths and safe repairers
|
30 |
– |
|
Manufactured building and mobile home installers
|
10 |
– |
|
Riggers
|
13 |
– |
|
Signal and track switch repairers
|
7 |
– |
|
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers
|
19 |
– |
|
Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers
|
198 |
6.1 |
|
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
|
17,743 |
22.1 |
|
Production occupations
|
8,459 |
28.2 |
|
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers
|
763 |
18.7 |
|
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers
|
5 |
– |
|
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers
|
117 |
49.3 |
|
Engine and other machine assemblers
|
9 |
– |
|
Structural metal fabricators and fitters
|
22 |
– |
|
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators
|
1,082 |
34.4 |
|
Bakers
|
224 |
64.8 |
|
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers
|
277 |
26.9 |
|
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders
|
24 |
– |
|
Food batchmakers
|
107 |
58.7 |
|
Food cooking machine operators and tenders
|
10 |
– |
|
Food processing workers, all other
|
138 |
37.4 |
|
Computer control programmers and operators
|
87 |
5.2 |
|
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
13 |
– |
|
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
5 |
– |
|
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
13 |
– |
|
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
83 |
18.3 |
|
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
8 |
– |
|
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
48 |
– |
|
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
14 |
– |
|
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
6 |
– |
|
Machinists
|
356 |
3.4 |
|
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters
|
31 |
– |
|
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic
|
4 |
– |
|
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
33 |
– |
|
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
3 |
– |
|
Tool and die makers
|
50 |
3.0 |
|
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers
|
603 |
4.1 |
|
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
3 |
– |
|
Layout workers, metal and plastic
|
7 |
– |
|
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
20 |
– |
|
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners
|
5 |
– |
|
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other
|
379 |
20.0 |
|
Prepress technicians and workers
|
22 |
– |
|
Printing press operators
|
205 |
20.3 |
|
Print binding and finishing workers
|
14 |
– |
|
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers
|
188 |
58.1 |
|
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials
|
36 |
– |
|
Sewing machine operators
|
208 |
71.5 |
|
Shoe and leather workers and repairers
|
8 |
– |
|
Shoe machine operators and tenders
|
2 |
– |
|
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers
|
79 |
79.7 |
|
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders
|
2 |
– |
|
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
9 |
– |
|
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
13 |
– |
|
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
11 |
– |
|
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers
|
0 |
– |
|
Fabric and apparel patternmakers
|
1 |
– |
|
Upholsterers
|
36 |
– |
|
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other
|
20 |
– |
|
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters
|
56 |
11.9 |
|
Furniture finishers
|
19 |
– |
|
Model makers and patternmakers, wood
|
0 |
– |
|
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood
|
35 |
– |
|
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing
|
23 |
– |
|
Woodworkers, all other
|
34 |
– |
|
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers
|
44 |
– |
|
Stationary engineers and boiler operators
|
78 |
4.7 |
|
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators
|
77 |
5.2 |
|
Miscellaneous plant and system operators
|
38 |
– |
|
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
54 |
10.2 |
|
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers
|
94 |
11.9 |
|
Cutting workers
|
67 |
22.3 |
|
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
29 |
– |
|
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders
|
16 |
– |
|
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers
|
734 |
37.9 |
|
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers
|
40 |
– |
|
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians
|
85 |
51.4 |
|
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders
|
236 |
50.5 |
|
Painting workers
|
173 |
8.9 |
|
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators
|
29 |
– |
|
Semiconductor processors
|
2 |
– |
|
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders
|
11 |
– |
|
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders
|
3 |
– |
|
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders
|
0 |
– |
|
Etchers and engravers
|
6 |
– |
|
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic
|
24 |
– |
|
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
33 |
– |
|
Tire builders
|
10 |
– |
|
Helpers--production workers
|
40 |
– |
|
Production workers, all other
|
968 |
29.4 |
|
Transportation and material moving occupations
|
9,284 |
16.5 |
|
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers
|
190 |
21.4 |
|
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers
|
141 |
5.2 |
|
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists
|
26 |
– |
|
Flight attendants
|
93 |
75.8 |
|
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians
|
19 |
– |
|
Bus drivers
|
553 |
48.7 |
|
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers
|
3,542 |
6.0 |
|
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs
|
500 |
14.3 |
|
Motor vehicle operators, all other
|
63 |
8.8 |
|
Locomotive engineers and operators
|
52 |
3.2 |
|
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators
|
2 |
– |
|
Railroad conductors and yardmasters
|
55 |
4.7 |
|
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers
|
15 |
– |
|
Sailors and marine oilers
|
16 |
– |
|
Ship and boat captains and operators
|
31 |
– |
|
Ship engineers
|
4 |
– |
|
Bridge and lock tenders
|
2 |
– |
|
Parking lot attendants
|
89 |
10.7 |
|
Automotive and watercraft service attendants
|
97 |
8.6 |
|
Transportation inspectors
|
26 |
– |
|
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
|
41 |
– |
|
Other transportation workers
|
34 |
– |
|
Conveyor operators and tenders
|
3 |
– |
|
Crane and tower operators
|
63 |
0.8 |
|
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators
|
37 |
– |
|
Hoist and winch operators
|
9 |
– |
|
Industrial truck and tractor operators
|
605 |
9.6 |
|
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment
|
328 |
13.0 |
|
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
|
1,900 |
18.1 |
|
Machine feeders and offbearers
|
30 |
– |
|
Packers and packagers, hand
|
550 |
54.5 |
|
Pumping station operators
|
16 |
– |
|
Refuse and recyclable material collectors
|
101 |
8.6 |
|
Mine shuttle car operators
|
0 |
– |
|
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders
|
4 |
– |
|
Material moving workers, all other
|
45 |
– |
Table 12. Employed women, by occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2016 annual averages (Percent distribution)
| Occupation |
White |
Black or African American |
Asian |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|
Total, 16 years and older (thousands)
|
54,701 |
9,511 |
4,298 |
10,686 |
|
Percent
|
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Management, professional, and related occupations
|
44.4 |
34.8 |
51.0 |
27.0 |
|
Management, business, and financial operations occupations
|
16.0 |
11.6 |
17.8 |
10.0 |
|
Professional and related occupations
|
28.4 |
23.2 |
33.2 |
17.0 |
|
Service occupations
|
20.0 |
28.8 |
20.3 |
32.2 |
|
Sales and office occupations
|
29.5 |
28.3 |
22.1 |
29.6 |
|
Sales and related occupations
|
11.0 |
10.8 |
9.6 |
12.1 |
|
Office and administrative support occupations
|
18.5 |
17.5 |
12.5 |
17.5 |
|
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
|
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
2.1 |
|
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
|
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
1.1 |
|
Construction and extraction occupations
|
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
|
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
|
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
|
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
|
5.1 |
7.4 |
5.9 |
9.1 |
|
Production occupations
|
3.1 |
4.0 |
4.6 |
5.7 |
|
Transportation and material moving occupations
|
2.0 |
3.4 |
1.2 |
3.4 |
Table 13. Employed people, by industry and gender, 2015 and 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Industry and gender |
Year |
| 2015 |
2016 |
| Number |
Percent |
Number |
Percent |
|
Total
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
148,834 |
100.0 |
151,436 |
100.0 |
|
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
|
2,422 |
1.6 |
2,460 |
1.6 |
|
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
|
917 |
0.6 |
792 |
0.5 |
|
Construction
|
9,935 |
6.7 |
10,328 |
6.8 |
|
Manufacturing
|
15,338 |
10.3 |
15,408 |
10.2 |
|
Durable goods
|
9,709 |
6.5 |
9,704 |
6.4 |
|
Nondurable goods
|
5,629 |
3.8 |
5,704 |
3.8 |
|
Wholesale and retail trade
|
20,320 |
13.7 |
20,218 |
13.4 |
|
Wholesale trade
|
3,635 |
2.4 |
3,641 |
2.4 |
|
Retail trade
|
16,686 |
11.2 |
16,577 |
10.9 |
|
Transportation and utilities
|
7,726 |
5.2 |
8,012 |
5.3 |
|
Transportation and warehousing
|
6,459 |
4.3 |
6,693 |
4.4 |
|
Utilities
|
1,267 |
0.9 |
1,319 |
0.9 |
|
Information
|
2,988 |
2.0 |
2,855 |
1.9 |
|
Financial activities
|
10,087 |
6.8 |
10,404 |
6.9 |
|
Finance and insurance
|
7,081 |
4.8 |
7,241 |
4.8 |
|
Real estate and rental and leasing
|
3,005 |
2.0 |
3,163 |
2.1 |
|
Professional and business services
|
17,409 |
11.7 |
18,325 |
12.1 |
|
Professional and technical services
|
10,625 |
7.1 |
11,228 |
7.4 |
|
Management, administrative, and waste services
|
6,784 |
4.6 |
7,097 |
4.7 |
|
Education and health services
|
33,678 |
22.6 |
34,263 |
22.6 |
|
Educational services
|
13,601 |
9.1 |
13,674 |
9.0 |
|
Health care and social assistance
|
20,077 |
13.5 |
20,589 |
13.6 |
|
Hospitals
|
6,698 |
4.5 |
6,990 |
4.6 |
|
Health services, except hospitals
|
10,165 |
6.8 |
10,220 |
6.7 |
|
Social assistance
|
3,213 |
2.2 |
3,379 |
2.2 |
|
Leisure and hospitality
|
13,821 |
9.3 |
14,193 |
9.4 |
|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
|
3,184 |
2.1 |
3,241 |
2.1 |
|
Accommodation and food services
|
10,637 |
7.1 |
10,952 |
7.2 |
|
Other services
|
7,264 |
4.9 |
7,320 |
4.8 |
|
Other services, except private households
|
6,466 |
4.3 |
6,596 |
4.4 |
|
Private households
|
798 |
0.5 |
724 |
0.5 |
|
Public administration
|
6,928 |
4.7 |
6,857 |
4.5 |
|
Women
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
69,703 |
100.0 |
70,868 |
100.0 |
|
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
|
597 |
0.9 |
621 |
0.9 |
|
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
|
120 |
0.2 |
106 |
0.1 |
|
Construction
|
929 |
1.3 |
939 |
1.3 |
|
Manufacturing
|
4,456 |
6.4 |
4,460 |
6.3 |
|
Durable goods
|
2,384 |
3.4 |
2,418 |
3.4 |
|
Nondurable goods
|
2,073 |
3.0 |
2,042 |
2.9 |
|
Wholesale and retail trade
|
9,098 |
13.1 |
9,005 |
12.7 |
|
Wholesale trade
|
1,071 |
1.5 |
1,074 |
1.5 |
|
Retail trade
|
8,027 |
11.5 |
7,932 |
11.2 |
|
Transportation and utilities
|
1,749 |
2.5 |
1,883 |
2.7 |
|
Transportation and warehousing
|
1,466 |
2.1 |
1,593 |
2.2 |
|
Utilities
|
283 |
0.4 |
290 |
0.4 |
|
Information
|
1,169 |
1.7 |
1,160 |
1.6 |
|
Financial activities
|
5,345 |
7.7 |
5,437 |
7.7 |
|
Finance and insurance
|
3,942 |
5.7 |
3,993 |
5.6 |
|
Real estate and rental and leasing
|
1,403 |
2.0 |
1,444 |
2.0 |
|
Professional and business services
|
7,149 |
10.3 |
7,581 |
10.7 |
|
Professional and technical services
|
4,469 |
6.4 |
4,743 |
6.7 |
|
Management, administrative, and waste services
|
2,680 |
3.8 |
2,839 |
4.0 |
|
Education and health services
|
25,125 |
36.0 |
25,572 |
36.1 |
|
Educational services
|
9,373 |
13.4 |
9,360 |
13.2 |
|
Health care and social assistance
|
15,752 |
22.6 |
16,212 |
22.9 |
|
Hospitals
|
5,055 |
7.3 |
5,359 |
7.6 |
|
Health services, except hospitals
|
7,974 |
11.4 |
8,011 |
11.3 |
|
Social assistance
|
2,723 |
3.9 |
2,842 |
4.0 |
|
Leisure and hospitality
|
7,066 |
10.1 |
7,189 |
10.1 |
|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
|
1,466 |
2.1 |
1,465 |
2.1 |
|
Accommodation and food services
|
5,599 |
8.0 |
5,724 |
8.1 |
|
Other services
|
3,764 |
5.4 |
3,820 |
5.4 |
|
Other services, except private households
|
3,023 |
4.3 |
3,157 |
4.5 |
|
Private households
|
741 |
1.1 |
664 |
0.9 |
|
Public administration
|
3,136 |
4.5 |
3,095 |
4.4 |
|
Men
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
79,131 |
100.0 |
80,568 |
100.0 |
|
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
|
1,826 |
2.3 |
1,839 |
2.3 |
|
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
|
798 |
1.0 |
686 |
0.9 |
|
Construction
|
9,006 |
11.4 |
9,389 |
11.7 |
|
Manufacturing
|
10,882 |
13.8 |
10,948 |
13.6 |
|
Durable goods
|
7,325 |
9.3 |
7,286 |
9.0 |
|
Nondurable goods
|
3,556 |
4.5 |
3,662 |
4.5 |
|
Wholesale and retail trade
|
11,222 |
14.2 |
11,213 |
13.9 |
|
Wholesale trade
|
2,564 |
3.2 |
2,567 |
3.2 |
|
Retail trade
|
8,659 |
10.9 |
8,645 |
10.7 |
|
Transportation and utilities
|
5,977 |
7.6 |
6,129 |
7.6 |
|
Transportation and warehousing
|
4,993 |
6.3 |
5,100 |
6.3 |
|
Utilities
|
983 |
1.2 |
1,029 |
1.3 |
|
Information
|
1,819 |
2.3 |
1,695 |
2.1 |
|
Financial activities
|
4,742 |
6.0 |
4,967 |
6.2 |
|
Finance and insurance
|
3,139 |
4.0 |
3,248 |
4.0 |
|
Real estate and rental and leasing
|
1,602 |
2.0 |
1,719 |
2.1 |
|
Professional and business services
|
10,259 |
13.0 |
10,743 |
13.3 |
|
Professional and technical services
|
6,156 |
7.8 |
6,485 |
8.0 |
|
Management, administrative, and waste services
|
4,103 |
5.2 |
4,258 |
5.3 |
|
Education and health services
|
8,553 |
10.8 |
8,691 |
10.8 |
|
Educational services
|
4,229 |
5.3 |
4,315 |
5.4 |
|
Health care and social assistance
|
4,325 |
5.5 |
4,377 |
5.4 |
|
Hospitals
|
1,643 |
2.1 |
1,630 |
2.0 |
|
Health services, except hospitals
|
2,191 |
2.8 |
2,209 |
2.7 |
|
Social assistance
|
490 |
0.6 |
537 |
0.7 |
|
Leisure and hospitality
|
6,755 |
8.5 |
7,005 |
8.7 |
|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
|
1,717 |
2.2 |
1,776 |
2.2 |
|
Accommodation and food services
|
5,038 |
6.4 |
5,229 |
6.5 |
|
Other services
|
3,500 |
4.4 |
3,500 |
4.3 |
|
Other services, except private households
|
3,443 |
4.4 |
3,440 |
4.3 |
|
Private households
|
58 |
0.1 |
60 |
0.1 |
|
Public administration
|
3,792 |
4.8 |
3,762 |
4.7 |
Table 14. Employed people, by detailed industry, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Industry |
Total employed |
Percent women |
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
151,436 |
46.8 |
|
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
|
2,460 |
25.3 |
|
Crop production
|
1,206 |
24.4 |
|
Animal production and aquaculture
|
876 |
27.5 |
|
Forestry, except logging
|
58 |
21.0 |
|
Logging
|
101 |
3.2 |
|
Fishing, hunting, and trapping
|
38 |
– |
|
Support activities for agriculture and forestry
|
180 |
36.9 |
|
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
|
792 |
13.4 |
|
Oil and gas extraction
|
102 |
20.2 |
|
Coal mining
|
53 |
4.0 |
|
Metal ore mining
|
37 |
– |
|
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
|
106 |
13.3 |
|
Not specified type of mining
|
6 |
– |
|
Support activities for mining
|
488 |
13.4 |
|
Construction
|
10,328 |
9.1 |
|
Manufacturing
|
15,408 |
28.9 |
|
Durable goods manufacturing
|
9,704 |
24.9 |
|
Nonmetallic mineral products manufacturing
|
450 |
17.1 |
|
Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing
|
28 |
– |
|
Clay building material and refractories manufacturing
|
20 |
– |
|
Glass and glass product manufacturing
|
162 |
18.8 |
|
Cement, concrete, lime, and gypsum product manufacturing
|
149 |
8.8 |
|
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing
|
92 |
20.2 |
|
Primary metals and fabricated metal products manufacturing
|
1,632 |
16.8 |
|
Iron and steel mills and steel product manufacturing
|
269 |
12.1 |
|
Aluminum production and processing
|
72 |
19.5 |
|
Nonferrous metal, except aluminum, production and processing
|
44 |
– |
|
Foundries
|
72 |
7.5 |
|
Metal forgings and stampings
|
48 |
– |
|
Cutlery and hand tool manufacturing
|
43 |
– |
|
Structural metals, and boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing
|
336 |
14.8 |
|
Machine shops; turned product; screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing
|
306 |
14.6 |
|
Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities
|
76 |
21.5 |
|
Ordnance
|
50 |
31.0 |
|
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products manufacturing
|
292 |
21.0 |
|
Not specified metal industries
|
26 |
– |
|
Machinery manufacturing
|
1,186 |
20.8 |
|
Agricultural implement manufacturing
|
110 |
22.9 |
|
Construction, and mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
|
156 |
16.8 |
|
Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing
|
72 |
25.6 |
|
Metalworking machinery manufacturing
|
145 |
17.9 |
|
Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing
|
58 |
20.3 |
|
Machinery manufacturing, n.e.c.
|
634 |
21.8 |
|
Not specified machinery manufacturing
|
12 |
– |
|
Computers and electronic products manufacturing
|
1,215 |
30.4 |
|
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing
|
196 |
30.5 |
|
Communications, and audio and video equipment manufacturing
|
152 |
25.5 |
|
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing
|
218 |
28.5 |
|
Electronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c.
|
650 |
32.2 |
|
Electrical equipment and appliances manufacturing
|
387 |
31.6 |
|
Household appliance manufacturing
|
75 |
39.9 |
|
Electrical lighting and electrical equipment manufacturing, and other electrical component manufacturing, n.e.c.
|
312 |
29.6 |
|
Transportation equipment manufacturing
|
2,438 |
24.8 |
|
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment manufacturing
|
1,401 |
27.8 |
|
Aircraft and parts manufacturing
|
729 |
22.4 |
|
Aerospace product and parts manufacturing
|
73 |
15.0 |
|
Railroad rolling stock manufacturing
|
23 |
– |
|
Ship and boat building
|
174 |
14.5 |
|
Other transportation equipment manufacturing
|
38 |
– |
|
Wood products manufacturing
|
419 |
14.4 |
|
Sawmills and wood preservation
|
111 |
8.7 |
|
Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood products
|
38 |
– |
|
Prefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes
|
42 |
– |
|
Miscellaneous wood products
|
228 |
14.5 |
|
Furniture and related product manufacturing
|
441 |
26.7 |
|
Miscellaneous manufacturing
|
1,536 |
35.6 |
|
Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing
|
585 |
38.6 |
|
Sporting and athletic goods, and doll, toy and game manufacturing
|
97 |
37.5 |
|
Miscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c.
|
556 |
33.5 |
|
Not specified manufacturing industries
|
297 |
33.1 |
|
Nondurable goods manufacturing
|
5,704 |
35.8 |
|
Food manufacturing
|
1,770 |
40.3 |
|
Animal food, grain, and oilseed milling
|
142 |
30.5 |
|
Sugar and confectionery products
|
80 |
50.3 |
|
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing
|
157 |
35.7 |
|
Dairy product manufacturing
|
132 |
22.2 |
|
Animal slaughtering and processing
|
481 |
38.8 |
|
Retail bakeries
|
298 |
64.2 |
|
Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing, except retail bakeries
|
217 |
35.6 |
|
Seafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c.
|
216 |
32.8 |
|
Not specified food industries
|
48 |
– |
|
Beverage and tobacco products manufacturing
|
323 |
22.7 |
|
Beverage manufacturing
|
304 |
22.1 |
|
Tobacco manufacturing
|
19 |
– |
|
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
|
643 |
54.3 |
|
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
|
9 |
– |
|
Fabric mills, except knitting mills
|
105 |
44.2 |
|
Textile and fabric finishing and coating mills
|
22 |
– |
|
Carpet and rug mills
|
76 |
38.7 |
|
Textile product mills, except carpet and rug
|
89 |
61.1 |
|
Knitting fabric mills, and apparel knitting mills
|
21 |
– |
|
Cut and sew apparel manufacturing
|
253 |
64.5 |
|
Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing
|
5 |
– |
|
Footwear manufacturing
|
42 |
– |
|
Leather tanning and finishing and other allied products manufacturing
|
21 |
– |
|
Paper manufacturing and printing
|
909 |
27.6 |
|
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
|
203 |
18.1 |
|
Paperboard container manufacturing
|
109 |
27.1 |
|
Miscellaneous paper and pulp products
|
85 |
28.1 |
|
Printing and related support activities
|
511 |
31.4 |
|
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing
|
179 |
20.3 |
|
Petroleum refining
|
167 |
20.4 |
|
Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products
|
12 |
– |
|
Chemicals manufacturing
|
1,323 |
34.9 |
|
Resin, synthetic rubber and fibers, and filaments manufacturing
|
127 |
27.3 |
|
Agricultural chemical manufacturing
|
35 |
– |
|
Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
|
556 |
44.6 |
|
Paint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing
|
70 |
17.4 |
|
Soap, cleaning compound, and cosmetics manufacturing
|
134 |
50.0 |
|
Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals
|
401 |
22.8 |
|
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing
|
556 |
28.1 |
|
Plastics product manufacturing
|
407 |
29.8 |
|
Tire manufacturing
|
65 |
18.6 |
|
Rubber product, except tire, manufacturing
|
83 |
27.5 |
|
Wholesale and retail trade
|
20,218 |
44.5 |
|
Wholesale trade
|
3,641 |
29.5 |
|
Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers
|
193 |
19.2 |
|
Furniture and home furnishing merchant wholesalers
|
67 |
34.5 |
|
Lumber and other construction materials merchant wholesalers
|
171 |
24.8 |
|
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers
|
320 |
40.5 |
|
Metals and minerals, except petroleum merchant wholesalers
|
52 |
17.1 |
|
Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods merchant wholesalers
|
180 |
25.9 |
|
Hardware, plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers
|
164 |
23.7 |
|
Machinery, equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers
|
371 |
23.1 |
|
Recyclable material merchant wholesalers
|
86 |
16.9 |
|
Miscellaneous durable goods merchant wholesalers
|
113 |
36.1 |
|
Paper and paper products merchant wholesalers
|
54 |
33.1 |
|
Drugs, sundries, and chemical and allied products merchant wholesalers
|
219 |
48.3 |
|
Apparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers
|
117 |
48.4 |
|
Grocery and related product merchant wholesalers
|
798 |
24.9 |
|
Farm product raw material merchant wholesalers
|
73 |
25.0 |
|
Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers
|
116 |
22.5 |
|
Alcoholic beverages merchant wholesalers
|
139 |
22.7 |
|
Farm supplies merchant wholesalers
|
55 |
28.5 |
|
Miscellaneous nondurable goods merchant wholesalers
|
216 |
37.2 |
|
Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers
|
78 |
40.3 |
|
Not specified wholesale trade
|
60 |
39.7 |
|
Retail trade
|
16,577 |
47.8 |
|
Automobile dealers
|
1,411 |
20.9 |
|
Other motor vehicle dealers
|
162 |
18.9 |
|
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire stores
|
526 |
15.2 |
|
Furniture and home furnishings stores
|
558 |
43.4 |
|
Household appliance stores
|
62 |
24.6 |
|
Electronics stores
|
538 |
30.7 |
|
Building material and supplies dealers
|
1,029 |
30.4 |
|
Hardware stores
|
195 |
36.8 |
|
Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores
|
258 |
32.7 |
|
Grocery stores
|
2,706 |
48.2 |
|
Specialty food stores
|
246 |
43.5 |
|
Beer, wine, and liquor stores
|
137 |
41.7 |
|
Pharmacies and drug stores
|
940 |
63.4 |
|
Health and personal care, except drug, stores
|
358 |
65.5 |
|
Gasoline stations
|
519 |
52.8 |
|
Clothing stores
|
1,041 |
74.8 |
|
Shoe stores
|
163 |
52.7 |
|
Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores
|
202 |
61.5 |
|
Sporting goods, and hobby and toy stores
|
473 |
40.2 |
|
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores
|
55 |
69.6 |
|
Musical instrument and supplies stores
|
45 |
– |
|
Book stores and news dealers
|
103 |
65.5 |
|
Department stores and discount stores
|
2,077 |
59.8 |
|
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
|
542 |
59.8 |
|
Retail florists
|
85 |
70.5 |
|
Office supplies and stationery stores
|
137 |
42.8 |
|
Used merchandise stores
|
232 |
64.8 |
|
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
|
136 |
75.1 |
|
Miscellaneous retail stores
|
520 |
50.2 |
|
Electronic shopping
|
328 |
46.0 |
|
Electronic auctions
|
17 |
– |
|
Mail-order houses
|
82 |
50.6 |
|
Vending machine operators
|
37 |
– |
|
Fuel dealers
|
80 |
31.2 |
|
Other direct selling establishments
|
178 |
68.5 |
|
Not specified retail trade
|
401 |
53.6 |
|
Transportation and utilities
|
8,012 |
23.5 |
|
Transportation and warehousing
|
6,693 |
23.8 |
|
Air transportation
|
575 |
37.8 |
|
Rail transportation
|
239 |
10.1 |
|
Water transportation
|
62 |
26.4 |
|
Truck transportation
|
2,038 |
11.5 |
|
Bus service and urban transit
|
515 |
39.1 |
|
Taxi and limousine service
|
420 |
16.5 |
|
Pipeline transportation
|
53 |
15.5 |
|
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
|
36 |
– |
|
Services incidental to transportation
|
747 |
27.4 |
|
Postal Service
|
653 |
40.9 |
|
Couriers and messengers
|
787 |
20.4 |
|
Warehousing and storage
|
569 |
31.6 |
|
Utilities
|
1,319 |
22.0 |
|
Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution
|
698 |
20.6 |
|
Natural gas distribution
|
142 |
27.4 |
|
Electric and gas, and other combinations
|
105 |
26.1 |
|
Water, steam, air-conditioning, and irrigation systems
|
249 |
21.4 |
|
Sewage treatment facilities
|
96 |
15.5 |
|
Not specified utilities
|
28 |
– |
|
Information
|
2,855 |
40.6 |
|
Newspaper publishers
|
199 |
48.3 |
|
Periodical, book, and directory publishers
|
210 |
58.7 |
|
Software publishers
|
100 |
30.5 |
|
Motion pictures and video industries
|
436 |
38.3 |
|
Sound recording industries
|
33 |
– |
|
Radio and television broadcasting and cable subscription programming
|
558 |
33.0 |
|
Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals
|
130 |
35.0 |
|
Wired telecommunications carriers
|
466 |
35.5 |
|
Other telecommunications services
|
400 |
34.7 |
|
Data processing, hosting, and related services
|
112 |
38.9 |
|
Libraries and archives
|
179 |
79.6 |
|
Other information services
|
31 |
– |
|
Financial activities
|
10,404 |
52.3 |
|
Finance and insurance
|
7,241 |
55.1 |
|
Banking and related activities
|
2,102 |
59.3 |
|
Savings institutions, including credit unions
|
238 |
75.6 |
|
Nondepository credit and related activities
|
954 |
49.8 |
|
Securities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments
|
1,153 |
33.8 |
|
Insurance carriers and related activities
|
2,794 |
60.9 |
|
Real estate and rental and leasing
|
3,163 |
45.6 |
|
Real estate
|
2,764 |
48.0 |
|
Rental and leasing services
|
399 |
29.5 |
|
Automotive equipment rental and leasing
|
179 |
32.3 |
|
Video tape and disk rental
|
7 |
– |
|
Other consumer goods rental
|
107 |
27.5 |
|
Commercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing
|
106 |
24.7 |
|
Professional and business services
|
18,325 |
41.4 |
|
Professional and technical services
|
11,228 |
42.2 |
|
Legal services
|
1,610 |
55.3 |
|
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services
|
1,110 |
60.2 |
|
Architectural, engineering, and related services
|
1,652 |
23.6 |
|
Specialized design services
|
402 |
57.1 |
|
Computer systems design and related services
|
2,845 |
26.1 |
|
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services
|
1,652 |
43.7 |
|
Scientific research and development services
|
597 |
48.7 |
|
Advertising, public relations, and related services
|
548 |
51.4 |
|
Veterinary services
|
347 |
81.2 |
|
Other professional, scientific, and technical services
|
464 |
53.2 |
|
Management, administrative, and waste services
|
7,097 |
40.0 |
|
Management of companies and enterprises
|
188 |
44.2 |
|
Employment services
|
1,046 |
54.0 |
|
Business support services
|
808 |
64.2 |
|
Travel arrangements and reservation services
|
304 |
62.1 |
|
Investigation and security services
|
828 |
24.1 |
|
Services to buildings and dwellings
|
1,599 |
56.3 |
|
Landscaping services
|
1,412 |
8.3 |
|
Other administrative and other support services
|
334 |
49.5 |
|
Waste management and remediation services
|
577 |
17.2 |
|
Education and health services
|
34,263 |
74.6 |
|
Educational services
|
13,674 |
68.4 |
|
Elementary and secondary schools
|
8,975 |
75.0 |
|
Colleges, universities, and professional schools, including junior colleges
|
3,851 |
53.5 |
|
Business, technical, and trade schools and training
|
101 |
55.3 |
|
Other schools and instruction, and educational support services
|
746 |
68.0 |
|
Health care and social assistance
|
20,589 |
78.7 |
|
Hospitals
|
6,990 |
76.7 |
|
Health services, except hospitals
|
10,220 |
78.4 |
|
Offices of physicians
|
1,611 |
76.4 |
|
Offices of dentists
|
897 |
82.5 |
|
Offices of chiropractors
|
135 |
66.7 |
|
Offices of optometrists
|
133 |
82.4 |
|
Offices of other health practitioners
|
297 |
72.5 |
|
Outpatient care centers
|
1,603 |
76.2 |
|
Home health care services
|
1,495 |
88.4 |
|
Other health care services
|
1,417 |
68.4 |
|
Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities)
|
1,786 |
82.9 |
|
Residential care facilities, except skilled nursing facilities
|
846 |
74.8 |
|
Social assistance
|
3,379 |
84.1 |
|
Individual and family services
|
1,553 |
77.8 |
|
Community food and housing, and emergency services
|
127 |
62.7 |
|
Vocational rehabilitation services
|
138 |
58.2 |
|
Child day care services
|
1,561 |
94.4 |
|
Leisure and hospitality
|
14,193 |
50.6 |
|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
|
3,241 |
45.2 |
|
Independent artists, performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries
|
857 |
43.2 |
|
Museums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions
|
364 |
41.3 |
|
Bowling centers
|
33 |
– |
|
Other amusement, gambling, and recreation industries
|
1,988 |
46.8 |
|
Accommodation and food services
|
10,952 |
52.3 |
|
Accommodation
|
1,592 |
55.5 |
|
Traveler accommodation
|
1,488 |
56.1 |
|
Recreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses
|
104 |
47.2 |
|
Food services and drinking places
|
9,360 |
51.7 |
|
Restaurants and other food services
|
9,134 |
51.7 |
|
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages
|
226 |
51.1 |
|
Other services
|
7,320 |
52.2 |
|
Other services, except private households
|
6,596 |
47.9 |
|
Repair and maintenance
|
2,051 |
10.9 |
|
Automotive repair and maintenance
|
1,205 |
8.3 |
|
Car washes
|
168 |
12.0 |
|
Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance
|
134 |
17.2 |
|
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance
|
322 |
7.0 |
|
Personal and household goods repair and maintenance
|
218 |
26.5 |
|
Footwear and leather goods repair
|
5 |
– |
|
Personal and laundry services
|
2,481 |
71.7 |
|
Barber shops
|
134 |
20.5 |
|
Beauty salons
|
982 |
91.2 |
|
Nail salons and other personal care services
|
541 |
75.4 |
|
Drycleaning and laundry services
|
286 |
56.6 |
|
Funeral homes, and cemeteries and crematories
|
149 |
40.9 |
|
Other personal services
|
389 |
57.8 |
|
Membership associations and organizations
|
2,064 |
55.9 |
|
Religious organizations
|
1,088 |
47.2 |
|
Civic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services
|
754 |
68.9 |
|
Labor unions
|
58 |
46.3 |
|
Business, professional, political, and similar organizations
|
164 |
56.9 |
|
Private households
|
724 |
91.7 |
|
Public administration
|
6,857 |
45.1 |
|
Executive offices and legislative bodies
|
1,082 |
50.9 |
|
Public finance activities
|
302 |
62.4 |
|
Other general government and support
|
106 |
42.9 |
|
Justice, public order, and safety activities
|
2,739 |
34.7 |
|
Administration of human resource programs
|
995 |
71.5 |
|
Administration of environmental quality and housing programs
|
248 |
43.5 |
|
Administration of economic programs and space research
|
529 |
46.5 |
|
National security and international affairs
|
857 |
34.4 |
Table 15. Employed women, by industry, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2016 annual averages (Percent distribution)
| Industry |
White |
Black or African American |
Asian |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|
Total, 16 years and older (thousands)
|
54,701 |
9,511 |
4,298 |
10,686 |
|
Percent
|
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Agriculture and related industries
|
1.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
1.3 |
|
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
|
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
Construction
|
1.5 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
|
Manufacturing
|
6.3 |
5.3 |
8.9 |
7.4 |
|
Durable goods manufacturing
|
3.4 |
2.7 |
5.0 |
3.3 |
|
Nondurable goods manufacturing
|
2.9 |
2.6 |
3.9 |
4.2 |
|
Wholesale and retail trade
|
12.9 |
11.5 |
12.1 |
14.0 |
|
Wholesale trade
|
1.6 |
0.8 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
|
Retail trade
|
11.3 |
10.6 |
10.0 |
12.3 |
|
Transportation and utilities
|
2.4 |
4.2 |
2.3 |
3.0 |
|
Transportation and warehousing
|
2.0 |
3.8 |
2.1 |
2.7 |
|
Utilities
|
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
Information
|
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
1.1 |
|
Financial activities
|
7.9 |
6.6 |
8.2 |
6.1 |
|
Finance and insurance
|
5.7 |
5.2 |
6.6 |
4.3 |
|
Real estate and rental and leasing
|
2.2 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
|
Professional and business services
|
11.0 |
8.4 |
12.5 |
11.9 |
|
Professional and technical services
|
7.1 |
3.6 |
10.0 |
4.5 |
|
Management, administrative, and waste services
|
4.0 |
4.8 |
2.5 |
7.4 |
|
Education and health services
|
35.7 |
41.6 |
31.7 |
29.5 |
|
Educational services
|
14.1 |
10.9 |
8.5 |
10.0 |
|
Health care and social assistance
|
21.6 |
30.6 |
23.2 |
19.5 |
|
Hospitals
|
7.3 |
8.6 |
9.6 |
4.8 |
|
Health services, except hospitals
|
10.5 |
16.2 |
10.9 |
10.1 |
|
Social assistance
|
3.8 |
5.8 |
2.7 |
4.5 |
|
Leisure and hospitality
|
10.1 |
9.4 |
9.8 |
14.5 |
|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
|
2.2 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Accommodation and food services
|
7.9 |
8.1 |
8.2 |
13.0 |
|
Other services
|
5.4 |
4.0 |
7.8 |
6.2 |
|
Other services, except private households
|
4.4 |
3.5 |
7.2 |
3.7 |
|
Private households
|
1.0 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
2.5 |
|
Public administration
|
4.0 |
6.7 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and gender, 1979–2016 annual averages
| Year |
Total |
White |
Black or African American |
Asian |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|
Total
|
|
|
1979
|
$241 |
$248 |
$199 |
- |
$194 |
|
1980
|
262 |
269 |
212 |
- |
209 |
|
1981
|
284 |
291 |
235 |
- |
223 |
|
1982
|
302 |
310 |
245 |
- |
240 |
|
1983
|
313 |
320 |
261 |
- |
250 |
|
1984
|
326 |
336 |
269 |
- |
259 |
|
1985
|
344 |
356 |
277 |
- |
270 |
|
1986
|
359 |
371 |
291 |
- |
277 |
|
1987
|
374 |
384 |
301 |
- |
285 |
|
1988
|
385 |
395 |
314 |
- |
290 |
|
1989
|
399 |
409 |
319 |
- |
298 |
|
1990
|
412 |
424 |
329 |
- |
304 |
|
1991
|
426 |
442 |
348 |
- |
312 |
|
1992
|
440 |
458 |
357 |
- |
321 |
|
1993
|
459 |
475 |
369 |
- |
331 |
|
1994
|
467 |
484 |
371 |
- |
324 |
|
1995
|
479 |
494 |
383 |
- |
329 |
|
1996
|
490 |
506 |
387 |
- |
339 |
|
1997
|
503 |
519 |
400 |
- |
351 |
|
1998
|
523 |
545 |
426 |
- |
370 |
|
1999
|
549 |
573 |
445 |
- |
385 |
|
2000
|
576 |
590 |
474 |
$615 |
399 |
|
2001
|
596 |
610 |
491 |
639 |
417 |
|
2002
|
608 |
623 |
498 |
658 |
424 |
|
2003
|
620 |
636 |
514 |
693 |
440 |
|
2004
|
638 |
657 |
525 |
708 |
456 |
|
2005
|
651 |
672 |
520 |
753 |
471 |
|
2006
|
671 |
690 |
554 |
784 |
486 |
|
2007
|
695 |
716 |
569 |
830 |
503 |
|
2008
|
722 |
742 |
589 |
861 |
529 |
|
2009
|
739 |
757 |
601 |
880 |
541 |
|
2010
|
747 |
765 |
611 |
855 |
535 |
|
2011
|
756 |
775 |
615 |
866 |
549 |
|
2012
|
768 |
792 |
621 |
920 |
568 |
|
2013
|
776 |
802 |
629 |
942 |
578 |
|
2014
|
791 |
816 |
639 |
953 |
594 |
|
2015
|
809 |
835 |
641 |
993 |
604 |
|
2016
|
832 |
862 |
678 |
1,021 |
624 |
|
Women
|
|
|
1979
|
$182 |
$184 |
$169 |
- |
$157 |
|
1980
|
201 |
203 |
185 |
- |
172 |
|
1981
|
219 |
221 |
206 |
- |
190 |
|
1982
|
239 |
242 |
217 |
- |
203 |
|
1983
|
252 |
254 |
232 |
- |
215 |
|
1984
|
265 |
268 |
241 |
- |
223 |
|
1985
|
277 |
281 |
252 |
- |
230 |
|
1986
|
291 |
294 |
264 |
- |
241 |
|
1987
|
303 |
307 |
276 |
- |
251 |
|
1988
|
315 |
318 |
288 |
- |
260 |
|
1989
|
328 |
334 |
301 |
- |
269 |
|
1990
|
346 |
353 |
308 |
- |
278 |
|
1991
|
366 |
373 |
323 |
- |
292 |
|
1992
|
380 |
387 |
335 |
- |
302 |
|
1993
|
393 |
401 |
348 |
- |
313 |
|
1994
|
399 |
408 |
346 |
- |
305 |
|
1995
|
406 |
415 |
355 |
- |
305 |
|
1996
|
418 |
428 |
362 |
- |
316 |
|
1997
|
431 |
444 |
375 |
- |
318 |
|
1998
|
456 |
468 |
400 |
- |
337 |
|
1999
|
473 |
483 |
409 |
- |
348 |
|
2000
|
493 |
502 |
429 |
$547 |
366 |
|
2001
|
512 |
522 |
454 |
563 |
388 |
|
2002
|
529 |
547 |
473 |
566 |
397 |
|
2003
|
552 |
567 |
491 |
598 |
410 |
|
2004
|
573 |
584 |
505 |
613 |
419 |
|
2005
|
585 |
596 |
499 |
665 |
429 |
|
2006
|
600 |
609 |
519 |
699 |
440 |
|
2007
|
614 |
626 |
533 |
731 |
473 |
|
2008
|
638 |
654 |
554 |
753 |
501 |
|
2009
|
657 |
669 |
582 |
779 |
509 |
|
2010
|
669 |
684 |
592 |
773 |
508 |
|
2011
|
684 |
703 |
595 |
751 |
518 |
|
2012
|
691 |
710 |
599 |
770 |
521 |
|
2013
|
706 |
722 |
606 |
819 |
541 |
|
2014
|
719 |
734 |
611 |
841 |
548 |
|
2015
|
726 |
743 |
615 |
877 |
566 |
|
2016
|
749 |
766 |
641 |
902 |
586 |
|
Men
|
|
|
1979
|
$292 |
$298 |
$227 |
- |
$219 |
|
1980
|
313 |
320 |
244 |
- |
234 |
|
1981
|
340 |
350 |
268 |
- |
251 |
|
1982
|
364 |
375 |
278 |
- |
269 |
|
1983
|
379 |
387 |
294 |
- |
274 |
|
1984
|
392 |
401 |
303 |
- |
287 |
|
1985
|
407 |
418 |
305 |
- |
296 |
|
1986
|
419 |
433 |
319 |
- |
299 |
|
1987
|
434 |
450 |
327 |
- |
306 |
|
1988
|
449 |
465 |
348 |
- |
308 |
|
1989
|
468 |
482 |
348 |
- |
315 |
|
1990
|
481 |
494 |
361 |
- |
318 |
|
1991
|
493 |
506 |
375 |
- |
323 |
|
1992
|
501 |
514 |
380 |
- |
339 |
|
1993
|
510 |
524 |
392 |
- |
346 |
|
1994
|
522 |
547 |
400 |
- |
343 |
|
1995
|
538 |
566 |
411 |
- |
350 |
|
1996
|
557 |
580 |
412 |
- |
356 |
|
1997
|
579 |
595 |
432 |
- |
371 |
|
1998
|
598 |
615 |
468 |
- |
390 |
|
1999
|
618 |
638 |
488 |
- |
406 |
|
2000
|
641 |
662 |
510 |
$685 |
417 |
|
2001
|
670 |
689 |
529 |
732 |
440 |
|
2002
|
679 |
702 |
524 |
756 |
451 |
|
2003
|
695 |
715 |
555 |
772 |
464 |
|
2004
|
713 |
732 |
569 |
802 |
480 |
|
2005
|
722 |
743 |
559 |
825 |
489 |
|
2006
|
743 |
761 |
591 |
882 |
505 |
|
2007
|
766 |
788 |
600 |
936 |
520 |
|
2008
|
798 |
825 |
620 |
966 |
559 |
|
2009
|
819 |
845 |
621 |
952 |
569 |
|
2010
|
824 |
850 |
633 |
936 |
560 |
|
2011
|
832 |
856 |
653 |
970 |
571 |
|
2012
|
854 |
879 |
665 |
1,055 |
592 |
|
2013
|
860 |
884 |
664 |
1,059 |
594 |
|
2014
|
871 |
897 |
680 |
1,080 |
616 |
|
2015
|
895 |
920 |
680 |
1,129 |
631 |
|
2016
|
915 |
942 |
718 |
1,151 |
663 |
|
Women's earnings as a percentage of men's
|
|
|
1979
|
62.3 |
61.7 |
74.4 |
- |
71.7 |
|
1980
|
64.2 |
63.4 |
75.8 |
- |
73.5 |
|
1981
|
64.4 |
63.1 |
76.9 |
- |
75.7 |
|
1982
|
65.7 |
64.5 |
78.1 |
- |
75.5 |
|
1983
|
66.5 |
65.6 |
78.9 |
- |
78.5 |
|
1984
|
67.6 |
66.8 |
79.5 |
- |
77.7 |
|
1985
|
68.1 |
67.2 |
82.6 |
- |
77.7 |
|
1986
|
69.5 |
67.9 |
82.8 |
- |
80.6 |
|
1987
|
69.8 |
68.2 |
84.4 |
- |
82.0 |
|
1988
|
70.2 |
68.4 |
82.8 |
- |
84.4 |
|
1989
|
70.1 |
69.3 |
86.5 |
- |
85.4 |
|
1990
|
71.9 |
71.5 |
85.3 |
- |
87.4 |
|
1991
|
74.2 |
73.7 |
86.1 |
- |
90.4 |
|
1992
|
75.8 |
75.3 |
88.2 |
- |
89.1 |
|
1993
|
77.1 |
76.5 |
88.8 |
- |
90.5 |
|
1994
|
76.4 |
74.6 |
86.5 |
- |
88.9 |
|
1995
|
75.5 |
73.3 |
86.4 |
- |
87.1 |
|
1996
|
75.0 |
73.8 |
87.9 |
- |
88.8 |
|
1997
|
74.4 |
74.6 |
86.8 |
- |
85.7 |
|
1998
|
76.3 |
76.1 |
85.5 |
- |
86.4 |
|
1999
|
76.5 |
75.7 |
83.8 |
- |
85.7 |
|
2000
|
76.9 |
75.8 |
84.1 |
79.9 |
87.8 |
|
2001
|
76.4 |
75.8 |
85.8 |
76.9 |
88.2 |
|
2002
|
77.9 |
77.9 |
90.3 |
74.9 |
88.0 |
|
2003
|
79.4 |
79.3 |
88.5 |
77.5 |
88.4 |
|
2004
|
80.4 |
79.8 |
88.8 |
76.4 |
87.3 |
|
2005
|
81.0 |
80.2 |
89.3 |
80.6 |
87.7 |
|
2006
|
80.8 |
80.0 |
87.8 |
79.3 |
87.1 |
|
2007
|
80.2 |
79.4 |
88.8 |
78.1 |
91.0 |
|
2008
|
79.9 |
79.3 |
89.4 |
78.0 |
89.6 |
|
2009
|
80.2 |
79.2 |
93.7 |
81.8 |
89.5 |
|
2010
|
81.2 |
80.5 |
93.5 |
82.6 |
90.7 |
|
2011
|
82.2 |
82.1 |
91.1 |
77.4 |
90.7 |
|
2012
|
80.9 |
80.8 |
90.1 |
73.0 |
88.0 |
|
2013
|
82.1 |
81.7 |
91.3 |
77.3 |
91.1 |
|
2014
|
82.5 |
81.8 |
89.9 |
77.9 |
89.0 |
|
2015
|
81.1 |
80.8 |
90.4 |
77.7 |
89.7 |
|
2016
|
81.9 |
81.3 |
89.3 |
78.4 |
88.4 |
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, 25 years and older, by educational attainment and gender, 2016 annual averages
| Educational attainment and gender |
Total employed (in thousands) |
Median weekly earnings |
|
Total
|
|
|
Total
|
101,015 |
$885 |
|
Less than high school diploma
|
7,108 |
504 |
|
High school graduate or more
|
93,907 |
923 |
|
High school graduate, no college
|
25,475 |
692 |
|
Some college or associate's degree
|
27,307 |
779 |
|
Some college, no degree
|
16,056 |
756 |
|
Associate's degree
|
11,251 |
819 |
|
Occupational program
|
4,633 |
809 |
|
Academic program
|
6,618 |
827 |
|
Bachelor's degree and higher
|
41,125 |
1,259 |
|
Bachelor's degree
|
25,503 |
1,156 |
|
Master's degree
|
11,675 |
1,380 |
|
Professional degree
|
1,729 |
1,745 |
|
Doctoral degree
|
2,218 |
1,664 |
|
Women
|
|
|
Total
|
44,731 |
$784 |
|
Less than high school diploma
|
2,204 |
423 |
|
High school graduate or more
|
42,528 |
812 |
|
High school graduate, no college
|
9,856 |
599 |
|
Some college or associate's degree
|
12,924 |
688 |
|
Some college, no degree
|
7,319 |
665 |
|
Associate's degree
|
5,606 |
720 |
|
Occupational program
|
2,081 |
686 |
|
Academic program
|
3,524 |
739 |
|
Bachelor's degree and higher
|
19,747 |
1,101 |
|
Bachelor's degree
|
11,987 |
994 |
|
Master's degree
|
6,084 |
1,210 |
|
Professional degree
|
734 |
1,447 |
|
Doctoral degree
|
942 |
1,477 |
|
Men
|
|
|
Total
|
56,284 |
$969 |
|
Less than high school diploma
|
4,904 |
551 |
|
High school graduate or more
|
51,380 |
1019 |
|
High school graduate, no college
|
15,619 |
769 |
|
Some college or associate's degree
|
14,383 |
896 |
|
Some college, no degree
|
8,738 |
861 |
|
Associate's degree
|
5,646 |
951 |
|
Occupational program
|
2,552 |
938 |
|
Academic program
|
3,094 |
961 |
|
Bachelor's degree and higher
|
21,378 |
1,464 |
|
Bachelor's degree
|
13,516 |
1,348 |
|
Master's degree
|
5,591 |
1,616 |
|
Professional degree
|
995 |
1,913 |
|
Doctoral degree
|
1,276 |
1,877 |
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Occupation |
Total |
Women |
Men |
Women's earnings as a percentage of men's |
| Number of workers |
Median weekly earnings |
Number of workers |
Median weekly earnings |
Number of workers |
Median weekly earnings |
|
Total, full-time wage and salary workers
|
111,091 |
$832 |
49,161 |
$749 |
61,930 |
$915 |
81.9 |
|
Management, professional, and related occupations
|
45,930 |
1,188 |
23,674 |
1,027 |
22,256 |
1,420 |
72.3 |
|
Management, business, and financial operations occupations
|
19,023 |
1,284 |
8,761 |
1,099 |
10,261 |
1,491 |
73.7 |
|
Management occupations
|
12,828 |
1,370 |
5,314 |
1,148 |
7,514 |
1,539 |
74.6 |
|
Chief executives
|
1,150 |
2,303 |
318 |
1,876 |
832 |
2,419 |
77.6 |
|
General and operations managers
|
876 |
1,266 |
250 |
1,037 |
626 |
1,358 |
76.4 |
|
Legislators
|
11 |
– |
6 |
– |
6 |
– |
– |
|
Advertising and promotions managers
|
56 |
1,332 |
32 |
– |
24 |
– |
– |
|
Marketing and sales managers
|
921 |
1,468 |
403 |
1,142 |
518 |
1,745 |
65.4 |
|
Public relations and fundraising managers
|
60 |
1,532 |
38 |
– |
21 |
– |
– |
|
Administrative services managers
|
172 |
1,261 |
71 |
952 |
101 |
1,398 |
68.1 |
|
Computer and information systems managers
|
592 |
1,738 |
150 |
1,680 |
443 |
1,756 |
95.7 |
|
Financial managers
|
1,105 |
1,423 |
578 |
1,157 |
527 |
1,670 |
69.3 |
|
Compensation and benefits managers
|
16 |
– |
12 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Human resources managers
|
263 |
1,340 |
190 |
1,283 |
73 |
1,737 |
73.9 |
|
Training and development managers
|
58 |
1,507 |
31 |
– |
27 |
– |
– |
|
Industrial production managers
|
267 |
1,361 |
66 |
1,219 |
201 |
1,409 |
86.5 |
|
Purchasing managers
|
187 |
1,274 |
92 |
1,169 |
95 |
1,400 |
83.5 |
|
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers
|
288 |
990 |
51 |
988 |
237 |
990 |
99.8 |
|
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers
|
119 |
892 |
17 |
– |
102 |
906 |
– |
|
Construction managers
|
487 |
1,395 |
35 |
– |
452 |
1,401 |
– |
|
Education administrators
|
838 |
1,381 |
541 |
1,280 |
297 |
1,528 |
83.8 |
|
Architectural and engineering managers
|
143 |
2,258 |
9 |
– |
134 |
2,265 |
– |
|
Food service managers
|
760 |
739 |
350 |
632 |
410 |
853 |
74.1 |
|
Funeral service managers
|
13 |
– |
1 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Gaming managers
|
18 |
– |
4 |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
|
Lodging managers
|
124 |
929 |
64 |
764 |
59 |
1,068 |
71.5 |
|
Medical and health services managers
|
533 |
1,402 |
399 |
1,254 |
133 |
1,610 |
77.9 |
|
Natural sciences managers
|
14 |
– |
8 |
– |
6 |
– |
– |
|
Postmasters and mail superintendents
|
23 |
– |
11 |
– |
12 |
– |
– |
|
Property, real estate, and community association managers
|
402 |
959 |
221 |
815 |
181 |
1,157 |
70.4 |
|
Social and community service managers
|
363 |
1,079 |
248 |
992 |
115 |
1,206 |
82.3 |
|
Emergency management directors
|
8 |
– |
3 |
– |
5 |
– |
– |
|
Managers, all other
|
2,960 |
1,422 |
1,115 |
1,188 |
1,845 |
1,542 |
77.0 |
|
Business and financial operations occupations
|
6,195 |
1,161 |
3,448 |
1,018 |
2,747 |
1,373 |
74.1 |
|
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes
|
23 |
– |
12 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products
|
8 |
– |
0 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products
|
152 |
838 |
83 |
765 |
68 |
942 |
81.2 |
|
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
|
253 |
1,024 |
125 |
974 |
128 |
1,037 |
93.9 |
|
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators
|
321 |
969 |
206 |
912 |
114 |
1,139 |
80.1 |
|
Compliance officers
|
252 |
1,243 |
146 |
1,163 |
106 |
1,274 |
91.3 |
|
Cost estimators
|
104 |
1,159 |
9 |
– |
96 |
1,172 |
– |
|
Human resources workers
|
631 |
1,139 |
465 |
1,089 |
166 |
1,364 |
79.8 |
|
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists
|
72 |
1,069 |
51 |
1,001 |
21 |
– |
– |
|
Training and development specialists
|
129 |
1,103 |
82 |
959 |
47 |
– |
– |
|
Logisticians
|
111 |
1,011 |
37 |
– |
75 |
1,116 |
– |
|
Management analysts
|
585 |
1,476 |
253 |
1,342 |
332 |
1,586 |
84.6 |
|
Meeting, convention, and event planners
|
119 |
867 |
88 |
852 |
30 |
– |
– |
|
Fundraisers
|
64 |
1,111 |
42 |
– |
22 |
– |
– |
|
Market research analysts and marketing specialists
|
246 |
1,171 |
130 |
1,097 |
116 |
1,345 |
81.6 |
|
Business operations specialists, all other
|
257 |
1,125 |
146 |
1,001 |
110 |
1,263 |
79.3 |
|
Accountants and auditors
|
1,451 |
1,153 |
892 |
1,018 |
559 |
1,441 |
70.6 |
|
Appraisers and assessors of real estate
|
31 |
– |
13 |
– |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Budget analysts
|
48 |
– |
26 |
– |
22 |
– |
– |
|
Credit analysts
|
28 |
– |
13 |
– |
15 |
– |
– |
|
Financial analysts
|
277 |
1,525 |
104 |
1,252 |
173 |
1,747 |
71.7 |
|
Personal financial advisors
|
399 |
1,404 |
142 |
953 |
258 |
1,714 |
55.6 |
|
Insurance underwriters
|
102 |
1,113 |
68 |
910 |
34 |
– |
– |
|
Financial examiners
|
13 |
– |
6 |
– |
7 |
– |
– |
|
Credit counselors and loan officers
|
351 |
1,054 |
200 |
926 |
151 |
1,331 |
69.6 |
|
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents
|
58 |
1,138 |
38 |
– |
20 |
– |
– |
|
Tax preparers
|
53 |
1,049 |
33 |
– |
20 |
– |
– |
|
Financial specialists, all other
|
56 |
1,155 |
37 |
– |
20 |
– |
– |
|
Professional and related occupations
|
26,907 |
1,141 |
14,912 |
998 |
11,995 |
1,364 |
73.2 |
|
Computer and mathematical occupations
|
4,104 |
1,443 |
1,035 |
1,325 |
3,068 |
1,518 |
87.3 |
|
Computer and information research scientists
|
20 |
– |
7 |
– |
13 |
– |
– |
|
Computer systems analysts
|
496 |
1,393 |
182 |
1,328 |
314 |
1,475 |
90.0 |
|
Information security analysts
|
85 |
1,617 |
20 |
– |
65 |
1,826 |
– |
|
Computer programmers
|
403 |
1,398 |
104 |
1,312 |
300 |
1,466 |
89.5 |
|
Software developers, applications and systems software
|
1,351 |
1,776 |
266 |
1,553 |
1,084 |
1,863 |
83.4 |
|
Web developers
|
142 |
1,236 |
45 |
– |
97 |
1,284 |
– |
|
Computer support specialists
|
491 |
1,060 |
124 |
1,014 |
367 |
1,078 |
94.1 |
|
Database administrators
|
83 |
1,731 |
37 |
– |
46 |
– |
– |
|
Network and computer systems administrators
|
197 |
1,232 |
29 |
– |
168 |
1,250 |
– |
|
Computer network architects
|
105 |
1,502 |
12 |
– |
93 |
1,535 |
– |
|
Computer occupations, all other
|
524 |
1,195 |
106 |
1,055 |
418 |
1,244 |
84.8 |
|
Actuaries
|
12 |
– |
1 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Mathematicians
|
4 |
– |
0 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Operations research analysts
|
125 |
1,315 |
66 |
1,300 |
59 |
1,382 |
94.1 |
|
Statisticians
|
65 |
1,405 |
35 |
– |
30 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
|
2 |
– |
1 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Architecture and engineering occupations
|
2,835 |
1,482 |
398 |
1,207 |
2,437 |
1,529 |
78.9 |
|
Architects, except naval
|
178 |
1,339 |
43 |
– |
135 |
1,462 |
– |
|
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists
|
28 |
– |
9 |
– |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Aerospace engineers
|
124 |
1,854 |
10 |
– |
114 |
1,846 |
– |
|
Agricultural engineers
|
2 |
– |
0 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Biomedical engineers
|
14 |
– |
2 |
– |
12 |
– |
– |
|
Chemical engineers
|
91 |
1,877 |
18 |
– |
73 |
1,901 |
– |
|
Civil engineers
|
389 |
1,504 |
39 |
– |
350 |
1,526 |
– |
|
Computer hardware engineers
|
58 |
1,843 |
12 |
– |
46 |
– |
– |
|
Electrical and electronics engineers
|
271 |
1,729 |
26 |
– |
245 |
1,736 |
– |
|
Environmental engineers
|
31 |
– |
5 |
– |
27 |
– |
– |
|
Industrial engineers, including health and safety
|
215 |
1,526 |
46 |
– |
169 |
1,580 |
– |
|
Marine engineers and naval architects
|
19 |
– |
1 |
– |
18 |
– |
– |
|
Materials engineers
|
26 |
– |
5 |
– |
21 |
– |
– |
|
Mechanical engineers
|
335 |
1,560 |
24 |
– |
311 |
1,567 |
– |
|
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
|
8 |
– |
0 |
– |
7 |
– |
– |
|
Nuclear engineers
|
8 |
– |
1 |
– |
7 |
– |
– |
|
Petroleum engineers
|
35 |
– |
3 |
– |
32 |
– |
– |
|
Engineers, all other
|
493 |
1,573 |
63 |
1,401 |
430 |
1,659 |
84.4 |
|
Drafters
|
93 |
990 |
10 |
– |
83 |
1,030 |
– |
|
Engineering technicians, except drafters
|
350 |
997 |
75 |
793 |
275 |
1,075 |
73.8 |
|
Surveying and mapping technicians
|
67 |
811 |
5 |
– |
61 |
790 |
– |
|
Life, physical, and social science occupations
|
1,151 |
1,209 |
486 |
1,119 |
665 |
1,319 |
84.8 |
|
Agricultural and food scientists
|
32 |
– |
12 |
– |
20 |
– |
– |
|
Biological scientists
|
81 |
1,346 |
35 |
– |
46 |
– |
– |
|
Conservation scientists and foresters
|
26 |
– |
4 |
– |
23 |
– |
– |
|
Medical scientists
|
127 |
1,211 |
57 |
1,169 |
69 |
1,250 |
93.5 |
|
Life scientists, all other
|
3 |
– |
3 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Astronomers and physicists
|
20 |
– |
4 |
– |
16 |
– |
– |
|
Atmospheric and space scientists
|
6 |
– |
1 |
– |
5 |
– |
– |
|
Chemists and materials scientists
|
93 |
1,306 |
36 |
– |
56 |
1,504 |
– |
|
Environmental scientists and geoscientists
|
79 |
1,555 |
21 |
– |
58 |
1,591 |
– |
|
Physical scientists, all other
|
241 |
1,416 |
111 |
1,323 |
131 |
1,727 |
76.6 |
|
Economists
|
22 |
– |
9 |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
|
Survey researchers
|
1 |
– |
0 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Psychologists
|
91 |
1,260 |
66 |
1,187 |
25 |
– |
– |
|
Sociologists
|
4 |
– |
3 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Urban and regional planners
|
34 |
– |
13 |
– |
21 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
|
30 |
– |
11 |
– |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Agricultural and food science technicians
|
24 |
– |
6 |
– |
17 |
– |
– |
|
Biological technicians
|
19 |
– |
8 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Chemical technicians
|
75 |
919 |
25 |
– |
50 |
919 |
– |
|
Geological and petroleum technicians
|
17 |
– |
2 |
– |
15 |
– |
– |
|
Nuclear technicians
|
4 |
– |
1 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Social science research assistants
|
1 |
– |
0 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians
|
119 |
894 |
57 |
826 |
62 |
949 |
87.0 |
|
Community and social service occupations
|
2,136 |
919 |
1,377 |
880 |
759 |
1,004 |
87.6 |
|
Counselors
|
657 |
904 |
473 |
907 |
184 |
892 |
101.7 |
|
Social workers
|
684 |
906 |
557 |
884 |
127 |
1,039 |
85.1 |
|
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists
|
100 |
992 |
61 |
1,004 |
39 |
– |
– |
|
Social and human service assistants
|
151 |
736 |
122 |
727 |
29 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers
|
83 |
831 |
63 |
767 |
20 |
– |
– |
|
Clergy
|
368 |
1,039 |
53 |
893 |
315 |
1,070 |
83.5 |
|
Directors, religious activities and education
|
49 |
– |
26 |
– |
23 |
– |
– |
|
Religious workers, all other
|
42 |
– |
21 |
– |
21 |
– |
– |
|
Legal occupations
|
1,294 |
1,431 |
732 |
1,152 |
562 |
1,904 |
60.5 |
|
Lawyers
|
745 |
1,897 |
299 |
1,619 |
446 |
2,086 |
77.6 |
|
Judicial law clerks
|
14 |
– |
7 |
– |
7 |
– |
– |
|
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers
|
56 |
1,560 |
21 |
– |
35 |
– |
– |
|
Paralegals and legal assistants
|
351 |
874 |
308 |
863 |
43 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous legal support workers
|
128 |
1,009 |
98 |
867 |
30 |
– |
– |
|
Education, training, and library occupations
|
6,859 |
984 |
4,982 |
933 |
1,877 |
1,154 |
80.8 |
|
Postsecondary teachers
|
980 |
1,247 |
445 |
1,152 |
535 |
1,356 |
85.0 |
|
Preschool and kindergarten teachers
|
530 |
626 |
518 |
621 |
13 |
– |
– |
|
Elementary and middle school teachers
|
2,836 |
1,009 |
2,231 |
981 |
605 |
1,126 |
87.1 |
|
Secondary school teachers
|
965 |
1,111 |
562 |
1,074 |
403 |
1,146 |
93.7 |
|
Special education teachers
|
313 |
1,021 |
264 |
1,018 |
49 |
– |
– |
|
Other teachers and instructors
|
370 |
938 |
214 |
786 |
156 |
1,135 |
69.3 |
|
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians
|
36 |
– |
25 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Librarians
|
140 |
987 |
117 |
980 |
23 |
– |
– |
|
Library technicians
|
10 |
– |
8 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Teacher assistants
|
588 |
523 |
532 |
525 |
56 |
501 |
104.8 |
|
Other education, training, and library workers
|
91 |
1,107 |
67 |
1,068 |
24 |
– |
– |
|
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
|
1,671 |
1,040 |
752 |
951 |
919 |
1,139 |
83.5 |
|
Artists and related workers
|
61 |
1,236 |
23 |
– |
38 |
– |
– |
|
Designers
|
586 |
1,086 |
297 |
922 |
290 |
1,267 |
72.8 |
|
Actors
|
13 |
– |
5 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Producers and directors
|
128 |
1,163 |
50 |
1,030 |
78 |
1,228 |
83.9 |
|
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers
|
141 |
826 |
35 |
– |
106 |
862 |
– |
|
Dancers and choreographers
|
5 |
– |
4 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Musicians, singers, and related workers
|
37 |
– |
13 |
– |
24 |
– |
– |
|
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other
|
13 |
– |
4 |
– |
9 |
– |
– |
|
Announcers
|
32 |
– |
8 |
– |
24 |
– |
– |
|
News analysts, reporters and correspondents
|
58 |
1,166 |
27 |
– |
30 |
– |
– |
|
Public relations specialists
|
107 |
1,228 |
67 |
1,134 |
40 |
– |
– |
|
Editors
|
120 |
1,053 |
56 |
1,035 |
64 |
1,112 |
93.1 |
|
Technical writers
|
56 |
1,253 |
27 |
– |
29 |
– |
– |
|
Writers and authors
|
99 |
1,070 |
60 |
983 |
39 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous media and communication workers
|
59 |
745 |
36 |
– |
24 |
– |
– |
|
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators
|
80 |
1,020 |
13 |
– |
67 |
1,099 |
– |
|
Photographers
|
43 |
– |
19 |
– |
24 |
– |
– |
|
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors
|
31 |
– |
7 |
– |
24 |
– |
– |
|
Media and communication equipment workers, all other
|
1 |
– |
0 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
|
6,857 |
1,104 |
5,150 |
1,036 |
1,706 |
1,332 |
77.8 |
|
Chiropractors
|
18 |
– |
7 |
– |
10 |
– |
– |
|
Dentists
|
61 |
1,850 |
27 |
– |
34 |
– |
– |
|
Dietitians and nutritionists
|
82 |
986 |
71 |
997 |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Optometrists
|
18 |
– |
15 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Pharmacists
|
222 |
1,924 |
133 |
1,839 |
89 |
2,096 |
87.7 |
|
Physicians and surgeons
|
806 |
1,916 |
308 |
1,476 |
497 |
2,343 |
63.0 |
|
Physician assistants
|
75 |
1,544 |
50 |
1,547 |
25 |
– |
– |
|
Podiatrists
|
4 |
– |
0 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Audiologists
|
11 |
– |
8 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Occupational therapists
|
71 |
1,365 |
61 |
1,315 |
10 |
– |
– |
|
Physical therapists
|
197 |
1,325 |
128 |
1,306 |
69 |
1,348 |
96.9 |
|
Radiation therapists
|
11 |
– |
10 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Recreational therapists
|
9 |
– |
3 |
– |
6 |
– |
– |
|
Respiratory therapists
|
76 |
998 |
54 |
993 |
22 |
– |
– |
|
Speech-language pathologists
|
112 |
1,200 |
109 |
1,172 |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Exercise physiologists
|
1 |
– |
1 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Therapists, all other
|
137 |
920 |
106 |
913 |
32 |
– |
– |
|
Veterinarians
|
65 |
1,338 |
46 |
– |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Registered nurses
|
2,498 |
1,154 |
2,213 |
1,143 |
285 |
1,261 |
90.6 |
|
Nurse anesthetists
|
14 |
– |
6 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Nurse midwives
|
5 |
– |
5 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Nurse practitioners
|
144 |
1,750 |
133 |
1,753 |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other
|
8 |
– |
8 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
|
295 |
887 |
198 |
834 |
97 |
1,071 |
77.9 |
|
Dental hygienists
|
75 |
1,034 |
73 |
1,045 |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians
|
254 |
1,041 |
175 |
936 |
79 |
1,156 |
81.0 |
|
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
|
174 |
779 |
60 |
650 |
114 |
821 |
79.2 |
|
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians
|
474 |
662 |
361 |
643 |
113 |
712 |
90.3 |
|
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
|
525 |
749 |
481 |
743 |
44 |
– |
– |
|
Medical records and health information technicians
|
170 |
798 |
159 |
793 |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Opticians, dispensing
|
42 |
– |
28 |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians
|
107 |
745 |
64 |
714 |
43 |
– |
– |
|
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
|
96 |
1,083 |
47 |
– |
49 |
– |
– |
|
Service occupations
|
15,908 |
523 |
7,914 |
487 |
7,994 |
595 |
81.8 |
|
Healthcare support occupations
|
2,423 |
525 |
2,094 |
519 |
329 |
602 |
86.2 |
|
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides
|
1,386 |
503 |
1,192 |
498 |
194 |
534 |
93.3 |
|
Occupational therapy assistants and aides
|
13 |
– |
12 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Physical therapist assistants and aides
|
48 |
– |
32 |
– |
15 |
– |
– |
|
Massage therapists
|
45 |
– |
30 |
– |
15 |
– |
– |
|
Dental assistants
|
199 |
592 |
180 |
583 |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Medical assistants
|
488 |
572 |
452 |
562 |
36 |
– |
– |
|
Medical transcriptionists
|
23 |
– |
23 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Pharmacy aides
|
21 |
– |
19 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers
|
24 |
– |
17 |
– |
7 |
– |
– |
|
Phlebotomists
|
84 |
586 |
71 |
570 |
12 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers
|
94 |
537 |
65 |
504 |
29 |
– |
– |
|
Protective service occupations
|
2,697 |
809 |
524 |
688 |
2,173 |
854 |
80.6 |
|
First-line supervisors of correctional officers
|
55 |
873 |
20 |
– |
35 |
– |
– |
|
First-line supervisors of police and detectives
|
120 |
1,324 |
23 |
– |
97 |
1,361 |
– |
|
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers
|
45 |
– |
3 |
– |
41 |
– |
– |
|
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other
|
89 |
880 |
23 |
– |
66 |
895 |
– |
|
Firefighters
|
252 |
1,065 |
8 |
– |
244 |
1,056 |
– |
|
Fire inspectors
|
16 |
– |
1 |
– |
15 |
– |
– |
|
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers
|
365 |
749 |
91 |
672 |
275 |
793 |
84.7 |
|
Detectives and criminal investigators
|
132 |
1,182 |
28 |
– |
104 |
1,251 |
– |
|
Fish and game wardens
|
8 |
– |
1 |
– |
7 |
– |
– |
|
Parking enforcement workers
|
6 |
– |
2 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Police and sheriff's patrol officers
|
709 |
1,004 |
100 |
938 |
609 |
1,008 |
93.1 |
|
Transit and railroad police
|
2 |
– |
0 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Animal control workers
|
6 |
– |
2 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Private detectives and investigators
|
60 |
904 |
29 |
– |
31 |
– |
– |
|
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers
|
727 |
585 |
152 |
516 |
576 |
597 |
86.4 |
|
Crossing guards
|
23 |
– |
12 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Transportation security screeners
|
40 |
– |
16 |
– |
23 |
– |
– |
|
Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers
|
42 |
– |
14 |
– |
28 |
– |
– |
|
Food preparation and serving related occupations
|
4,619 |
465 |
2,202 |
434 |
2,417 |
491 |
88.4 |
|
Chefs and head cooks
|
356 |
614 |
68 |
519 |
288 |
632 |
82.1 |
|
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers
|
425 |
528 |
251 |
485 |
174 |
666 |
72.8 |
|
Cooks
|
1,408 |
444 |
515 |
421 |
892 |
459 |
91.7 |
|
Food preparation workers
|
477 |
419 |
262 |
413 |
215 |
432 |
95.6 |
|
Bartenders
|
253 |
602 |
122 |
498 |
131 |
701 |
71.0 |
|
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food
|
196 |
396 |
125 |
402 |
72 |
381 |
105.5 |
|
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop
|
68 |
374 |
49 |
– |
20 |
– |
– |
|
Waiters and waitresses
|
949 |
470 |
607 |
441 |
342 |
504 |
87.5 |
|
Food servers, nonrestaurant
|
104 |
479 |
71 |
445 |
33 |
– |
– |
|
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers
|
133 |
420 |
51 |
407 |
82 |
465 |
87.5 |
|
Dishwashers
|
172 |
389 |
30 |
– |
142 |
388 |
– |
|
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop
|
74 |
442 |
50 |
432 |
24 |
– |
– |
|
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other
|
3 |
– |
1 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
|
3,602 |
510 |
1,210 |
454 |
2,392 |
548 |
82.8 |
|
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers
|
189 |
655 |
71 |
524 |
119 |
702 |
74.6 |
|
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers
|
113 |
707 |
1 |
– |
112 |
710 |
– |
|
Janitors and building cleaners
|
1,580 |
526 |
441 |
476 |
1,139 |
564 |
84.4 |
|
Maids and housekeeping cleaners
|
781 |
441 |
661 |
427 |
120 |
497 |
85.9 |
|
Pest control workers
|
61 |
655 |
2 |
– |
59 |
649 |
– |
|
Grounds maintenance workers
|
878 |
502 |
34 |
– |
844 |
503 |
– |
|
Personal care and service occupations
|
2,568 |
505 |
1,884 |
482 |
684 |
613 |
78.6 |
|
First-line supervisors of gaming workers
|
127 |
792 |
59 |
717 |
68 |
840 |
85.4 |
|
First-line supervisors of personal service workers
|
62 |
651 |
37 |
– |
25 |
– |
– |
|
Animal trainers
|
24 |
– |
11 |
– |
13 |
– |
– |
|
Nonfarm animal caretakers
|
88 |
485 |
71 |
489 |
17 |
– |
– |
|
Gaming services workers
|
64 |
624 |
31 |
– |
33 |
– |
– |
|
Motion picture projectionists
|
2 |
– |
0 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers
|
14 |
– |
8 |
– |
6 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers
|
79 |
481 |
31 |
– |
48 |
– |
– |
|
Embalmers and funeral attendants
|
3 |
– |
2 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors
|
23 |
– |
5 |
– |
18 |
– |
– |
|
Barbers
|
56 |
584 |
8 |
– |
48 |
– |
– |
|
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists
|
307 |
510 |
281 |
500 |
27 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers
|
205 |
490 |
167 |
466 |
37 |
– |
– |
|
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges
|
56 |
625 |
10 |
– |
46 |
– |
– |
|
Tour and travel guides
|
18 |
– |
8 |
– |
10 |
– |
– |
|
Childcare workers
|
405 |
452 |
381 |
451 |
24 |
– |
– |
|
Personal care aides
|
762 |
477 |
636 |
469 |
125 |
514 |
91.2 |
|
Recreation and fitness workers
|
192 |
596 |
100 |
517 |
92 |
668 |
77.4 |
|
Residential advisors
|
19 |
– |
11 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Personal care and service workers, all other
|
61 |
573 |
26 |
– |
35 |
– |
– |
|
Sales and office occupations
|
23,625 |
698 |
14,163 |
649 |
9,461 |
805 |
80.6 |
|
Sales and related occupations
|
9,759 |
744 |
4,250 |
590 |
5,509 |
904 |
65.3 |
|
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers
|
2,368 |
743 |
1,047 |
630 |
1,321 |
857 |
73.5 |
|
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers
|
781 |
1,137 |
230 |
1,004 |
552 |
1,161 |
86.5 |
|
Cashiers
|
1,367 |
414 |
965 |
403 |
402 |
475 |
84.8 |
|
Counter and rental clerks
|
84 |
517 |
36 |
– |
47 |
– |
– |
|
Parts salespersons
|
96 |
639 |
11 |
– |
85 |
643 |
– |
|
Retail salespersons
|
1,831 |
623 |
728 |
514 |
1,103 |
730 |
70.4 |
|
Advertising sales agents
|
203 |
1,023 |
81 |
999 |
122 |
1,034 |
96.6 |
|
Insurance sales agents
|
423 |
839 |
205 |
676 |
218 |
1,166 |
58.0 |
|
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
|
219 |
1,351 |
63 |
951 |
155 |
1,458 |
65.2 |
|
Travel agents
|
46 |
– |
38 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Sales representatives, services, all other
|
427 |
1,040 |
145 |
826 |
282 |
1,202 |
68.7 |
|
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing
|
1,121 |
1,047 |
302 |
872 |
819 |
1,140 |
76.5 |
|
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters
|
14 |
– |
6 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Real estate brokers and sales agents
|
493 |
983 |
284 |
780 |
209 |
1,222 |
63.8 |
|
Sales engineers
|
40 |
– |
5 |
– |
35 |
– |
– |
|
Telemarketers
|
42 |
– |
25 |
– |
17 |
– |
– |
|
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers
|
34 |
– |
11 |
– |
23 |
– |
– |
|
Sales and related workers, all other
|
171 |
805 |
68 |
709 |
103 |
946 |
74.9 |
|
Office and administrative support occupations
|
13,866 |
679 |
9,913 |
669 |
3,952 |
708 |
94.5 |
|
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers
|
1,203 |
848 |
819 |
809 |
383 |
942 |
85.9 |
|
Switchboard operators, including answering service
|
17 |
– |
14 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Telephone operators
|
36 |
– |
31 |
– |
5 |
– |
– |
|
Communications equipment operators, all other
|
5 |
– |
4 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Bill and account collectors
|
144 |
625 |
105 |
650 |
39 |
– |
– |
|
Billing and posting clerks
|
404 |
666 |
360 |
660 |
44 |
– |
– |
|
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
|
756 |
722 |
641 |
716 |
115 |
790 |
90.6 |
|
Gaming cage workers
|
9 |
– |
8 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
|
125 |
786 |
110 |
785 |
15 |
– |
– |
|
Procurement clerks
|
25 |
– |
16 |
– |
9 |
– |
– |
|
Tellers
|
235 |
542 |
195 |
539 |
39 |
– |
– |
|
Financial clerks, all other
|
62 |
708 |
44 |
– |
18 |
– |
– |
|
Brokerage clerks
|
3 |
– |
1 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Correspondence clerks
|
5 |
– |
5 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Court, municipal, and license clerks
|
79 |
691 |
60 |
681 |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks
|
41 |
– |
33 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Customer service representatives
|
1,850 |
640 |
1,185 |
623 |
664 |
676 |
92.2 |
|
Eligibility interviewers, government programs
|
72 |
828 |
55 |
735 |
17 |
– |
– |
|
File clerks
|
134 |
676 |
113 |
680 |
21 |
– |
– |
|
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks
|
102 |
513 |
66 |
500 |
36 |
– |
– |
|
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan
|
105 |
639 |
98 |
634 |
7 |
– |
– |
|
Library assistants, clerical
|
45 |
– |
38 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Loan interviewers and clerks
|
124 |
774 |
100 |
756 |
25 |
– |
– |
|
New accounts clerks
|
21 |
– |
21 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Order clerks
|
85 |
646 |
45 |
– |
40 |
– |
– |
|
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping
|
36 |
– |
32 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Receptionists and information clerks
|
951 |
583 |
848 |
581 |
103 |
600 |
96.8 |
|
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks
|
102 |
705 |
56 |
646 |
46 |
– |
– |
|
Information and record clerks, all other
|
104 |
654 |
73 |
631 |
31 |
– |
– |
|
Cargo and freight agents
|
23 |
– |
9 |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
|
Couriers and messengers
|
160 |
726 |
25 |
– |
135 |
739 |
– |
|
Dispatchers
|
279 |
704 |
153 |
671 |
126 |
734 |
91.4 |
|
Meter readers, utilities
|
30 |
– |
1 |
– |
28 |
– |
– |
|
Postal service clerks
|
111 |
901 |
53 |
805 |
58 |
999 |
80.6 |
|
Postal service mail carriers
|
304 |
981 |
119 |
931 |
185 |
1,020 |
91.3 |
|
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators
|
56 |
783 |
23 |
– |
33 |
– |
– |
|
Production, planning, and expediting clerks
|
224 |
853 |
111 |
765 |
113 |
935 |
81.8 |
|
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
|
473 |
596 |
151 |
583 |
322 |
602 |
96.8 |
|
Stock clerks and order fillers
|
1,014 |
530 |
371 |
526 |
643 |
533 |
98.7 |
|
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping
|
45 |
– |
24 |
– |
21 |
– |
– |
|
Secretaries and administrative assistants
|
2,210 |
713 |
2,078 |
708 |
133 |
831 |
85.2 |
|
Computer operators
|
78 |
811 |
37 |
– |
41 |
– |
– |
|
Data entry keyers
|
221 |
638 |
170 |
630 |
51 |
655 |
96.2 |
|
Word processors and typists
|
56 |
730 |
48 |
– |
7 |
– |
– |
|
Desktop publishers
|
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks
|
251 |
665 |
210 |
658 |
40 |
– |
– |
|
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service
|
56 |
619 |
23 |
– |
33 |
– |
– |
|
Office clerks, general
|
900 |
654 |
760 |
648 |
140 |
707 |
91.7 |
|
Office machine operators, except computer
|
30 |
– |
16 |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
|
Proofreaders and copy markers
|
5 |
– |
5 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Statistical assistants
|
7 |
– |
2 |
– |
5 |
– |
– |
|
Office and administrative support workers, all other
|
457 |
768 |
351 |
751 |
107 |
855 |
87.8 |
|
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
|
11,022 |
786 |
464 |
580 |
10,558 |
794 |
73.0 |
|
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
|
842 |
520 |
169 |
465 |
673 |
544 |
85.5 |
|
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers
|
28 |
– |
3 |
– |
25 |
– |
– |
|
Agricultural inspectors
|
18 |
– |
5 |
– |
13 |
– |
– |
|
Animal breeders
|
2 |
– |
1 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Graders and sorters, agricultural products
|
74 |
511 |
48 |
– |
25 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous agricultural workers
|
659 |
508 |
111 |
423 |
547 |
524 |
80.7 |
|
Fishers and related fishing workers
|
4 |
– |
0 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Hunters and trappers
|
1 |
– |
0 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Forest and conservation workers
|
17 |
– |
1 |
– |
17 |
– |
– |
|
Logging workers
|
39 |
– |
0 |
– |
39 |
– |
– |
|
Construction and extraction occupations
|
5,979 |
784 |
151 |
639 |
5,828 |
786 |
81.3 |
|
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers
|
558 |
1,091 |
18 |
– |
540 |
1,101 |
– |
|
Boilermakers
|
26 |
– |
0 |
– |
26 |
– |
– |
|
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons
|
119 |
741 |
0 |
– |
119 |
741 |
– |
|
Carpenters
|
839 |
730 |
11 |
– |
828 |
733 |
– |
|
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers
|
93 |
593 |
2 |
– |
91 |
597 |
– |
|
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers
|
47 |
– |
0 |
– |
47 |
– |
– |
|
Construction laborers
|
1,322 |
692 |
41 |
– |
1,281 |
697 |
– |
|
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators
|
11 |
– |
0 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Pile-driver operators
|
4 |
– |
0 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators
|
334 |
920 |
6 |
– |
328 |
922 |
– |
|
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers
|
138 |
600 |
1 |
– |
137 |
601 |
– |
|
Electricians
|
667 |
952 |
18 |
– |
649 |
951 |
– |
|
Glaziers
|
48 |
– |
1 |
– |
47 |
– |
– |
|
Insulation workers
|
42 |
– |
2 |
– |
40 |
– |
– |
|
Painters, construction and maintenance
|
392 |
612 |
17 |
– |
375 |
615 |
– |
|
Paperhangers
|
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
|
475 |
927 |
11 |
– |
464 |
925 |
– |
|
Plasterers and stucco masons
|
25 |
– |
0 |
– |
25 |
– |
– |
|
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers
|
12 |
– |
0 |
– |
12 |
– |
– |
|
Roofers
|
161 |
623 |
3 |
– |
158 |
624 |
– |
|
Sheet metal workers
|
117 |
819 |
3 |
– |
115 |
820 |
– |
|
Structural iron and steel workers
|
61 |
976 |
1 |
– |
60 |
983 |
– |
|
Solar photovoltaic installers
|
10 |
– |
0 |
– |
10 |
– |
– |
|
Helpers, construction trades
|
42 |
– |
2 |
– |
40 |
– |
– |
|
Construction and building inspectors
|
68 |
996 |
6 |
– |
62 |
1,040 |
– |
|
Elevator installers and repairers
|
41 |
– |
0 |
– |
41 |
– |
– |
|
Fence erectors
|
30 |
– |
0 |
– |
29 |
– |
– |
|
Hazardous materials removal workers
|
28 |
– |
4 |
– |
24 |
– |
– |
|
Highway maintenance workers
|
85 |
745 |
2 |
– |
83 |
723 |
– |
|
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators
|
8 |
– |
0 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners
|
9 |
– |
0 |
– |
9 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous construction and related workers
|
17 |
– |
0 |
– |
17 |
– |
– |
|
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining
|
29 |
– |
0 |
– |
29 |
– |
– |
|
Earth drillers, except oil and gas
|
23 |
– |
0 |
– |
23 |
– |
– |
|
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters
|
10 |
– |
0 |
– |
9 |
– |
– |
|
Mining machine operators
|
48 |
– |
0 |
– |
48 |
– |
– |
|
Roof bolters, mining
|
3 |
– |
0 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Roustabouts, oil and gas
|
4 |
– |
0 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Helpers--extraction workers
|
3 |
– |
0 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Other extraction workers
|
29 |
– |
0 |
– |
29 |
– |
– |
|
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
|
4,201 |
861 |
144 |
783 |
4,057 |
863 |
90.7 |
|
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers
|
246 |
1,020 |
25 |
– |
221 |
1,016 |
– |
|
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers
|
165 |
851 |
15 |
– |
150 |
861 |
– |
|
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
|
132 |
950 |
22 |
– |
110 |
975 |
– |
|
Avionics technicians
|
8 |
– |
0 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers
|
26 |
– |
2 |
– |
23 |
– |
– |
|
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment
|
3 |
– |
0 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility
|
15 |
– |
1 |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
|
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles
|
8 |
– |
0 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers
|
33 |
– |
1 |
– |
32 |
– |
– |
|
Security and fire alarm systems installers
|
69 |
927 |
1 |
– |
68 |
909 |
– |
|
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians
|
136 |
1,047 |
2 |
– |
134 |
1,053 |
– |
|
Automotive body and related repairers
|
117 |
761 |
5 |
– |
112 |
770 |
– |
|
Automotive glass installers and repairers
|
14 |
– |
0 |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
|
Automotive service technicians and mechanics
|
688 |
730 |
11 |
– |
677 |
729 |
– |
|
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists
|
298 |
874 |
1 |
– |
297 |
875 |
– |
|
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics
|
198 |
964 |
0 |
– |
198 |
964 |
– |
|
Small engine mechanics
|
32 |
– |
1 |
– |
30 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
|
74 |
641 |
0 |
– |
73 |
646 |
– |
|
Control and valve installers and repairers
|
33 |
– |
1 |
– |
32 |
– |
– |
|
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers
|
361 |
864 |
4 |
– |
357 |
868 |
– |
|
Home appliance repairers
|
25 |
– |
0 |
– |
25 |
– |
– |
|
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics
|
385 |
968 |
11 |
– |
374 |
973 |
– |
|
Maintenance and repair workers, general
|
514 |
796 |
13 |
– |
502 |
797 |
– |
|
Maintenance workers, machinery
|
20 |
– |
1 |
– |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Millwrights
|
35 |
– |
0 |
– |
35 |
– |
– |
|
Electrical power-line installers and repairers
|
126 |
1,161 |
1 |
– |
125 |
1,165 |
– |
|
Telecommunications line installers and repairers
|
172 |
850 |
4 |
– |
168 |
824 |
– |
|
Precision instrument and equipment repairers
|
56 |
910 |
10 |
– |
46 |
– |
– |
|
Wind turbine service technicians
|
5 |
– |
0 |
– |
5 |
– |
– |
|
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers
|
27 |
– |
3 |
– |
24 |
– |
– |
|
Commercial divers
|
1 |
– |
0 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Locksmiths and safe repairers
|
12 |
– |
0 |
– |
12 |
– |
– |
|
Manufactured building and mobile home installers
|
7 |
– |
0 |
– |
7 |
– |
– |
|
Riggers
|
11 |
– |
0 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Signal and track switch repairers
|
4 |
– |
0 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers
|
10 |
– |
1 |
– |
9 |
– |
– |
|
Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers
|
137 |
773 |
8 |
– |
130 |
782 |
– |
|
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
|
14,606 |
665 |
2,945 |
531 |
11,661 |
704 |
75.4 |
|
Production occupations
|
7,513 |
668 |
1,949 |
527 |
5,564 |
723 |
72.9 |
|
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers
|
729 |
923 |
131 |
723 |
599 |
972 |
74.4 |
|
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers
|
6 |
– |
2 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers
|
105 |
590 |
50 |
554 |
55 |
618 |
89.6 |
|
Engine and other machine assemblers
|
6 |
– |
0 |
– |
6 |
– |
– |
|
Structural metal fabricators and fitters
|
22 |
– |
0 |
– |
22 |
– |
– |
|
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators
|
990 |
601 |
345 |
559 |
645 |
625 |
89.4 |
|
Bakers
|
138 |
494 |
83 |
480 |
55 |
562 |
85.4 |
|
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers
|
244 |
526 |
61 |
449 |
183 |
571 |
78.6 |
|
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders
|
16 |
– |
2 |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
|
Food batchmakers
|
81 |
537 |
42 |
– |
40 |
– |
– |
|
Food cooking machine operators and tenders
|
7 |
– |
1 |
– |
6 |
– |
– |
|
Food processing workers, all other
|
129 |
547 |
41 |
– |
88 |
579 |
– |
|
Computer control programmers and operators
|
85 |
802 |
6 |
– |
80 |
843 |
– |
|
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
13 |
– |
2 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
5 |
– |
0 |
– |
5 |
– |
– |
|
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
13 |
– |
3 |
– |
9 |
– |
– |
|
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
86 |
639 |
18 |
– |
68 |
672 |
– |
|
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
8 |
– |
0 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
45 |
– |
3 |
– |
42 |
– |
– |
|
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
13 |
– |
0 |
– |
12 |
– |
– |
|
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
2 |
– |
0 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Machinists
|
326 |
824 |
13 |
– |
313 |
844 |
– |
|
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters
|
31 |
– |
1 |
– |
30 |
– |
– |
|
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic
|
3 |
– |
0 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
28 |
– |
7 |
– |
21 |
– |
– |
|
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
2 |
– |
1 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Tool and die makers
|
43 |
– |
0 |
– |
43 |
– |
– |
|
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers
|
558 |
743 |
23 |
– |
535 |
753 |
– |
|
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
2 |
– |
0 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Layout workers, metal and plastic
|
6 |
– |
0 |
– |
6 |
– |
– |
|
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
|
21 |
– |
2 |
– |
20 |
– |
– |
|
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners
|
4 |
– |
0 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other
|
380 |
626 |
74 |
565 |
306 |
658 |
85.9 |
|
Prepress technicians and workers
|
15 |
– |
7 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Printing press operators
|
170 |
701 |
33 |
– |
137 |
748 |
– |
|
Print binding and finishing workers
|
11 |
– |
2 |
– |
9 |
– |
– |
|
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers
|
135 |
454 |
80 |
436 |
55 |
486 |
89.7 |
|
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials
|
30 |
– |
20 |
– |
10 |
– |
– |
|
Sewing machine operators
|
165 |
437 |
114 |
452 |
52 |
407 |
111.1 |
|
Shoe and leather workers and repairers
|
4 |
– |
1 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Shoe machine operators and tenders
|
1 |
– |
0 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers
|
32 |
– |
25 |
– |
7 |
– |
– |
|
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders
|
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
7 |
– |
3 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
13 |
– |
11 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
6 |
– |
4 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers
|
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Fabric and apparel patternmakers
|
1 |
– |
0 |
– |
1 |
– |
– |
|
Upholsterers
|
20 |
– |
1 |
– |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other
|
13 |
– |
2 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters
|
35 |
– |
5 |
– |
30 |
– |
– |
|
Furniture finishers
|
9 |
– |
1 |
– |
8 |
– |
– |
|
Model makers and patternmakers, wood
|
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood
|
31 |
– |
4 |
– |
27 |
– |
– |
|
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing
|
23 |
– |
4 |
– |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Woodworkers, all other
|
17 |
– |
1 |
– |
15 |
– |
– |
|
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers
|
39 |
– |
2 |
– |
37 |
– |
– |
|
Stationary engineers and boiler operators
|
77 |
924 |
4 |
– |
72 |
954 |
– |
|
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators
|
76 |
883 |
3 |
– |
72 |
885 |
– |
|
Miscellaneous plant and system operators
|
42 |
– |
3 |
– |
38 |
– |
– |
|
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
50 |
924 |
4 |
– |
46 |
– |
– |
|
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers
|
88 |
643 |
6 |
– |
82 |
642 |
– |
|
Cutting workers
|
62 |
576 |
13 |
– |
50 |
546 |
– |
|
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
24 |
– |
4 |
– |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders
|
11 |
– |
1 |
– |
10 |
– |
– |
|
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers
|
686 |
714 |
241 |
584 |
445 |
834 |
70.0 |
|
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers
|
18 |
– |
7 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians
|
64 |
615 |
31 |
– |
33 |
– |
– |
|
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders
|
224 |
488 |
113 |
425 |
112 |
574 |
74.0 |
|
Painting workers
|
158 |
701 |
11 |
– |
147 |
713 |
– |
|
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators
|
23 |
– |
12 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Semiconductor processors
|
2 |
– |
0 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders
|
12 |
– |
5 |
– |
7 |
– |
– |
|
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders
|
2 |
– |
0 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders
|
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Etchers and engravers
|
3 |
– |
0 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic
|
16 |
– |
2 |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
|
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders
|
27 |
– |
7 |
– |
21 |
– |
– |
|
Tire builders
|
11 |
– |
1 |
– |
10 |
– |
– |
|
Helpers--production workers
|
25 |
– |
3 |
– |
23 |
– |
– |
|
Production workers, all other
|
887 |
622 |
246 |
515 |
641 |
690 |
74.6 |
|
Transportation and material moving occupations
|
7,093 |
662 |
997 |
540 |
6,097 |
685 |
78.8 |
|
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers
|
165 |
807 |
39 |
– |
126 |
843 |
– |
|
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers
|
119 |
1,582 |
7 |
– |
112 |
1,600 |
– |
|
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists
|
28 |
– |
10 |
– |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Flight attendants
|
68 |
873 |
49 |
– |
19 |
– |
– |
|
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians
|
15 |
– |
2 |
– |
13 |
– |
– |
|
Bus drivers
|
343 |
641 |
146 |
589 |
197 |
691 |
85.2 |
|
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers
|
2,809 |
780 |
120 |
630 |
2,689 |
787 |
80.1 |
|
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs
|
261 |
580 |
38 |
– |
222 |
595 |
– |
|
Motor vehicle operators, all other
|
25 |
– |
2 |
– |
23 |
– |
– |
|
Locomotive engineers and operators
|
45 |
– |
0 |
– |
45 |
– |
– |
|
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators
|
3 |
– |
1 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Railroad conductors and yardmasters
|
52 |
1,160 |
1 |
– |
51 |
1,148 |
– |
|
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers
|
13 |
– |
1 |
– |
13 |
– |
– |
|
Sailors and marine oilers
|
15 |
– |
1 |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
|
Ship and boat captains and operators
|
28 |
– |
1 |
– |
26 |
– |
– |
|
Ship engineers
|
4 |
– |
0 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Bridge and lock tenders
|
3 |
– |
0 |
– |
3 |
– |
– |
|
Parking lot attendants
|
67 |
519 |
4 |
– |
62 |
513 |
– |
|
Automotive and watercraft service attendants
|
73 |
462 |
5 |
– |
67 |
456 |
– |
|
Transportation inspectors
|
25 |
– |
5 |
– |
20 |
– |
– |
|
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
|
20 |
– |
10 |
– |
10 |
– |
– |
|
Other transportation workers
|
31 |
– |
7 |
– |
24 |
– |
– |
|
Conveyor operators and tenders
|
4 |
– |
0 |
– |
4 |
– |
– |
|
Crane and tower operators
|
66 |
909 |
0 |
– |
66 |
909 |
– |
|
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators
|
27 |
– |
0 |
– |
27 |
– |
– |
|
Hoist and winch operators
|
11 |
– |
0 |
– |
10 |
– |
– |
|
Industrial truck and tractor operators
|
564 |
602 |
54 |
563 |
510 |
604 |
93.2 |
|
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment
|
252 |
491 |
28 |
– |
224 |
487 |
– |
|
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
|
1,417 |
566 |
221 |
509 |
1,196 |
580 |
87.8 |
|
Machine feeders and offbearers
|
27 |
– |
13 |
– |
14 |
– |
– |
|
Packers and packagers, hand
|
383 |
456 |
216 |
437 |
166 |
468 |
93.4 |
|
Pumping station operators
|
13 |
– |
1 |
– |
11 |
– |
– |
|
Refuse and recyclable material collectors
|
68 |
562 |
4 |
– |
64 |
584 |
– |
|
Mine shuttle car operators
|
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
0 |
– |
– |
|
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders
|
3 |
– |
0 |
– |
2 |
– |
– |
|
Material moving workers, all other
|
46 |
– |
6 |
– |
40 |
– |
– |
Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by industry and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Industry |
Total |
Women |
Men |
Women's earnings as a percentage of men's |
| Number of workers |
Median weekly earnings |
Number of workers |
Median weekly earnings |
Number of workers |
Median weekly earnings |
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
111,091 |
$832 |
49,161 |
$749 |
61,930 |
$915 |
81.9 |
|
Agriculture and related industries
|
1,181 |
579 |
233 |
502 |
948 |
598 |
83.9 |
|
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
|
737 |
1,198 |
92 |
1,058 |
645 |
1,222 |
86.6 |
|
Construction
|
7,248 |
823 |
600 |
796 |
6,648 |
827 |
96.3 |
|
Manufacturing
|
14,087 |
857 |
3,888 |
702 |
10,199 |
923 |
76.1 |
|
Durable goods manufacturing
|
8,954 |
894 |
2,163 |
736 |
6,791 |
947 |
77.7 |
|
Nondurable goods manufacturing
|
5,133 |
792 |
1,725 |
647 |
3,408 |
877 |
73.8 |
|
Wholesale and retail trade
|
13,626 |
676 |
5,415 |
592 |
8,211 |
752 |
78.7 |
|
Wholesale trade
|
3,045 |
870 |
840 |
745 |
2,206 |
937 |
79.5 |
|
Retail trade
|
10,581 |
624 |
4,576 |
569 |
6,005 |
695 |
81.9 |
|
Transportation and utilities
|
6,521 |
884 |
1,440 |
761 |
5,081 |
921 |
82.6 |
|
Transportation and warehousing
|
5,270 |
820 |
1,175 |
720 |
4,095 |
861 |
83.6 |
|
Utilities
|
1,251 |
1,192 |
264 |
984 |
987 |
1,244 |
79.1 |
|
Information
|
2,308 |
1,136 |
906 |
972 |
1,403 |
1,255 |
77.5 |
|
Financial activities
|
8,308 |
976 |
4,428 |
831 |
3,881 |
1,247 |
66.6 |
|
Finance and insurance
|
6,289 |
1,036 |
3,527 |
848 |
2,762 |
1,438 |
59.0 |
|
Real estate and rental and leasing
|
2,019 |
829 |
900 |
775 |
1,119 |
879 |
88.2 |
|
Professional and business services
|
12,943 |
993 |
5,131 |
857 |
7,812 |
1,125 |
76.2 |
|
Professional and technical services
|
8,176 |
1,273 |
3,367 |
1,024 |
4,808 |
1,490 |
68.7 |
|
Management, administrative, and waste services
|
4,767 |
617 |
1,764 |
593 |
3,003 |
634 |
93.5 |
|
Education and health services
|
25,646 |
877 |
18,790 |
815 |
6,856 |
1,060 |
76.9 |
|
Educational services
|
10,475 |
960 |
7,080 |
923 |
3,395 |
1,076 |
85.8 |
|
Health care and social assistance
|
15,172 |
793 |
11,710 |
745 |
3,461 |
1,041 |
71.6 |
|
Leisure and hospitality
|
7,789 |
534 |
3,510 |
496 |
4,279 |
577 |
86.0 |
|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
|
1,691 |
686 |
674 |
627 |
1,017 |
728 |
86.1 |
|
Accommodation and food services
|
6,098 |
504 |
2,836 |
475 |
3,262 |
528 |
90.0 |
|
Other services
|
4,305 |
686 |
1,907 |
601 |
2,398 |
758 |
79.3 |
|
Other services, except private households
|
3,974 |
707 |
1,615 |
623 |
2,359 |
759 |
82.1 |
|
Private households
|
331 |
491 |
292 |
482 |
40 |
(1) |
(2) |
|
Public administration
|
6,391 |
998 |
2,822 |
892 |
3,569 |
1,123 |
79.4 |
Table 20. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Characteristic |
Workers paid hourly rates |
| Total |
Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage |
| Total |
Percentage of hourly paid workers |
At prevailing federal minimum wage |
Below prevailing federal minimum wage |
|
Age and gender
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
79,883 |
2,153 |
2.7 |
701 |
1,451 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
15,856 |
976 |
6.2 |
383 |
594 |
|
25 years and older
|
64,026 |
1,176 |
1.8 |
319 |
857 |
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
40,315 |
1,384 |
3.4 |
432 |
952 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
7,890 |
619 |
7.8 |
235 |
384 |
|
25 years and older
|
32,425 |
764 |
2.4 |
196 |
568 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
39,568 |
769 |
1.9 |
270 |
499 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
7,967 |
357 |
4.5 |
147 |
210 |
|
25 years and older
|
31,601 |
412 |
1.3 |
122 |
289 |
|
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(1)
|
|
|
White
|
61,080 |
1,597 |
2.6 |
469 |
1,127 |
|
Women
|
30,256 |
1,043 |
3.4 |
280 |
763 |
|
Men
|
30,823 |
554 |
1.8 |
190 |
364 |
|
Black or African American
|
11,681 |
390 |
3.3 |
193 |
197 |
|
Women
|
6,385 |
234 |
3.7 |
131 |
103 |
|
Men
|
5,297 |
156 |
2.9 |
62 |
93 |
|
Asian
|
3,962 |
96 |
2.4 |
21 |
75 |
|
Women
|
2,121 |
61 |
2.9 |
11 |
50 |
|
Men
|
1,841 |
35 |
1.9 |
10 |
25 |
|
Hispanic or Latino
|
16,241 |
366 |
2.3 |
103 |
264 |
|
Women
|
7,197 |
229 |
3.2 |
59 |
171 |
|
Men
|
9,044 |
137 |
1.5 |
44 |
93 |
|
Full- and part-time status(2)
|
|
|
Full-time workers
|
59,198 |
884 |
1.5 |
183 |
702 |
|
Women
|
26,780 |
550 |
2.1 |
116 |
434 |
|
Men
|
32,418 |
334 |
1.0 |
66 |
268 |
|
Part-time workers
|
20,582 |
1,267 |
6.2 |
519 |
748 |
|
Women
|
13,474 |
833 |
6.2 |
316 |
517 |
|
Men
|
7,108 |
434 |
6.1 |
203 |
231 |
Table 21. Employed people, by full- and part-time status and gender, 1968–2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Year and Gender |
Total employed |
Usually full time |
Usually part time |
Percentage usually full time |
Percentage usually part time |
|
Total
|
|
|
1968
|
75,920 |
65,277 |
10,644 |
86.0 |
14.0 |
|
1969
|
77,902 |
66,596 |
11,306 |
85.5 |
14.5 |
|
1970
|
78,678 |
66,753 |
11,925 |
84.8 |
15.2 |
|
1971
|
79,367 |
66,973 |
12,393 |
84.4 |
15.6 |
|
1972
|
82,153 |
69,214 |
12,939 |
84.3 |
15.7 |
|
1973
|
85,064 |
71,803 |
13,262 |
84.4 |
15.6 |
|
1974
|
86,794 |
73,093 |
13,701 |
84.2 |
15.8 |
|
1975
|
85,846 |
71,586 |
14,260 |
83.4 |
16.6 |
|
1976
|
88,752 |
73,964 |
14,788 |
83.3 |
16.7 |
|
1977
|
92,017 |
76,625 |
15,391 |
83.3 |
16.7 |
|
1978
|
96,048 |
80,193 |
15,855 |
83.5 |
16.5 |
|
1979
|
98,824 |
82,654 |
16,171 |
83.6 |
16.4 |
|
1980
|
99,303 |
82,562 |
16,740 |
83.1 |
16.9 |
|
1981
|
100,397 |
83,243 |
17,154 |
82.9 |
17.1 |
|
1982
|
99,526 |
81,421 |
18,106 |
81.8 |
18.2 |
|
1983
|
100,834 |
82,322 |
18,511 |
81.6 |
18.4 |
|
1984
|
105,005 |
86,544 |
18,462 |
82.4 |
17.6 |
|
1985
|
107,150 |
88,534 |
18,615 |
82.6 |
17.4 |
|
1986
|
109,597 |
90,529 |
19,069 |
82.6 |
17.4 |
|
1987
|
112,440 |
92,957 |
19,483 |
82.7 |
17.3 |
|
1988
|
114,968 |
95,214 |
19,754 |
82.8 |
17.2 |
|
1989
|
117,342 |
97,369 |
19,973 |
83.0 |
17.0 |
|
1990
|
118,793 |
98,666 |
20,128 |
83.1 |
16.9 |
|
1991
|
117,718 |
97,190 |
20,528 |
82.6 |
17.4 |
|
1992
|
118,492 |
97,664 |
20,828 |
82.4 |
17.6 |
|
1993
|
120,259 |
99,114 |
21,145 |
82.4 |
17.6 |
|
1994
|
123,060 |
99,772 |
23,288 |
81.1 |
18.9 |
|
1995
|
124,900 |
101,679 |
23,220 |
81.4 |
18.6 |
|
1996
|
126,708 |
103,537 |
23,170 |
81.7 |
18.3 |
|
1997
|
129,558 |
106,334 |
23,224 |
82.1 |
17.9 |
|
1998
|
131,463 |
108,202 |
23,261 |
82.3 |
17.7 |
|
1999
|
133,488 |
110,302 |
23,186 |
82.6 |
17.4 |
|
2000
|
136,891 |
113,846 |
23,044 |
83.2 |
16.8 |
|
2001
|
136,933 |
113,573 |
23,361 |
82.9 |
17.1 |
|
2002
|
136,485 |
112,700 |
23,785 |
82.6 |
17.4 |
|
2003
|
137,736 |
113,324 |
24,412 |
82.3 |
17.7 |
|
2004
|
139,252 |
114,518 |
24,734 |
82.2 |
17.8 |
|
2005
|
141,730 |
117,016 |
24,714 |
82.6 |
17.4 |
|
2006
|
144,427 |
119,688 |
24,739 |
82.9 |
17.1 |
|
2007
|
146,047 |
121,091 |
24,956 |
82.9 |
17.1 |
|
2008
|
145,362 |
120,030 |
25,332 |
82.6 |
17.4 |
|
2009
|
139,877 |
112,634 |
27,244 |
80.5 |
19.5 |
|
2010
|
139,064 |
111,714 |
27,350 |
80.3 |
19.7 |
|
2011
|
139,869 |
112,556 |
27,313 |
80.5 |
19.5 |
|
2012
|
142,469 |
114,809 |
27,661 |
80.6 |
19.4 |
|
2013
|
143,929 |
116,314 |
27,615 |
80.8 |
19.2 |
|
2014
|
146,305 |
118,718 |
27,587 |
81.1 |
18.9 |
|
2015
|
148,834 |
121,492 |
27,341 |
81.6 |
18.4 |
|
2016
|
151,436 |
123,761 |
27,675 |
81.7 |
18.3 |
|
Women
|
|
|
1968
|
27,807 |
20,893 |
6,914 |
75.1 |
24.9 |
|
1969
|
29,084 |
21,781 |
7,303 |
74.9 |
25.1 |
|
1970
|
29,688 |
21,929 |
7,758 |
73.9 |
26.1 |
|
1971
|
29,976 |
21,950 |
8,026 |
73.2 |
26.8 |
|
1972
|
31,257 |
22,842 |
8,416 |
73.1 |
26.9 |
|
1973
|
32,715 |
23,960 |
8,756 |
73.2 |
26.8 |
|
1974
|
33,769 |
24,714 |
9,055 |
73.2 |
26.8 |
|
1975
|
33,989 |
24,598 |
9,391 |
72.4 |
27.6 |
|
1976
|
35,615 |
25,814 |
9,799 |
72.5 |
27.5 |
|
1977
|
37,289 |
27,076 |
10,213 |
72.6 |
27.4 |
|
1978
|
39,569 |
28,912 |
10,658 |
73.1 |
26.9 |
|
1979
|
41,217 |
30,227 |
10,990 |
73.3 |
26.7 |
|
1980
|
42,117 |
30,845 |
11,270 |
73.2 |
26.8 |
|
1981
|
43,000 |
31,337 |
11,664 |
72.9 |
27.1 |
|
1982
|
43,256 |
31,086 |
12,170 |
71.9 |
28.1 |
|
1983
|
44,047 |
31,679 |
12,367 |
71.9 |
28.1 |
|
1984
|
45,915 |
33,473 |
12,441 |
72.9 |
27.1 |
|
1985
|
47,259 |
34,672 |
12,587 |
73.4 |
26.6 |
|
1986
|
48,706 |
35,845 |
12,862 |
73.6 |
26.4 |
|
1987
|
50,334 |
37,210 |
13,124 |
73.9 |
26.1 |
|
1988
|
51,696 |
38,398 |
13,298 |
74.3 |
25.7 |
|
1989
|
53,027 |
39,484 |
13,544 |
74.5 |
25.5 |
|
1990
|
53,689 |
40,165 |
13,524 |
74.8 |
25.2 |
|
1991
|
53,496 |
39,783 |
13,713 |
74.4 |
25.6 |
|
1992
|
54,052 |
40,301 |
13,751 |
74.6 |
25.4 |
|
1993
|
54,910 |
40,991 |
13,919 |
74.7 |
25.3 |
|
1994
|
56,610 |
40,940 |
15,670 |
72.3 |
27.7 |
|
1995
|
57,523 |
41,743 |
15,779 |
72.6 |
27.4 |
|
1996
|
58,501 |
42,776 |
15,725 |
73.1 |
26.9 |
|
1997
|
59,873 |
44,076 |
15,797 |
73.6 |
26.4 |
|
1998
|
60,771 |
45,014 |
15,757 |
74.1 |
25.9 |
|
1999
|
62,042 |
46,372 |
15,670 |
74.7 |
25.3 |
|
2000
|
63,586 |
47,916 |
15,670 |
75.4 |
24.6 |
|
2001
|
63,737 |
47,950 |
15,788 |
75.2 |
24.8 |
|
2002
|
63,582 |
47,494 |
16,088 |
74.7 |
25.3 |
|
2003
|
64,404 |
47,946 |
16,459 |
74.4 |
25.6 |
|
2004
|
64,728 |
48,073 |
16,654 |
74.3 |
25.7 |
|
2005
|
65,757 |
49,158 |
16,598 |
74.8 |
25.2 |
|
2006
|
66,925 |
50,380 |
16,545 |
75.3 |
24.7 |
|
2007
|
67,792 |
51,056 |
16,736 |
75.3 |
24.7 |
|
2008
|
67,876 |
51,178 |
16,698 |
75.4 |
24.6 |
|
2009
|
66,208 |
48,683 |
17,525 |
73.5 |
26.5 |
|
2010
|
65,705 |
48,214 |
17,491 |
73.4 |
26.6 |
|
2011
|
65,579 |
48,224 |
17,355 |
73.5 |
26.5 |
|
2012
|
66,914 |
49,331 |
17,583 |
73.7 |
26.3 |
|
2013
|
67,577 |
49,979 |
17,598 |
74.0 |
26.0 |
|
2014
|
68,613 |
50,889 |
17,724 |
74.2 |
25.8 |
|
2015
|
69,703 |
52,142 |
17,561 |
74.8 |
25.2 |
|
2016
|
70,868 |
53,194 |
17,674 |
75.1 |
24.9 |
|
Men
|
|
|
1968
|
48,114 |
44,384 |
3,730 |
92.2 |
7.8 |
|
1969
|
48,818 |
44,815 |
4,003 |
91.8 |
8.2 |
|
1970
|
48,990 |
44,825 |
4,166 |
91.5 |
8.5 |
|
1971
|
49,390 |
45,023 |
4,367 |
91.2 |
8.8 |
|
1972
|
50,896 |
46,373 |
4,523 |
91.1 |
8.9 |
|
1973
|
52,349 |
47,843 |
4,507 |
91.4 |
8.6 |
|
1974
|
53,024 |
48,378 |
4,646 |
91.2 |
8.8 |
|
1975
|
51,857 |
46,988 |
4,870 |
90.6 |
9.4 |
|
1976
|
53,138 |
48,150 |
4,988 |
90.6 |
9.4 |
|
1977
|
54,728 |
49,551 |
5,178 |
90.5 |
9.5 |
|
1978
|
56,479 |
51,281 |
5,198 |
90.8 |
9.2 |
|
1979
|
57,607 |
52,427 |
5,180 |
91.0 |
9.0 |
|
1980
|
57,186 |
51,717 |
5,471 |
90.4 |
9.6 |
|
1981
|
57,397 |
51,906 |
5,492 |
90.4 |
9.6 |
|
1982
|
56,271 |
50,334 |
5,937 |
89.4 |
10.6 |
|
1983
|
56,787 |
50,643 |
6,145 |
89.2 |
10.8 |
|
1984
|
59,091 |
53,070 |
6,020 |
89.8 |
10.2 |
|
1985
|
59,891 |
53,862 |
6,028 |
89.9 |
10.1 |
|
1986
|
60,892 |
54,685 |
6,207 |
89.8 |
10.2 |
|
1987
|
62,107 |
55,746 |
6,360 |
89.8 |
10.2 |
|
1988
|
63,273 |
56,816 |
6,457 |
89.8 |
10.2 |
|
1989
|
64,315 |
57,885 |
6,430 |
90.0 |
10.0 |
|
1990
|
65,104 |
58,501 |
6,604 |
89.9 |
10.1 |
|
1991
|
64,223 |
57,407 |
6,815 |
89.4 |
10.6 |
|
1992
|
64,440 |
57,363 |
7,077 |
89.0 |
11.0 |
|
1993
|
65,349 |
58,123 |
7,226 |
88.9 |
11.1 |
|
1994
|
66,450 |
58,832 |
7,617 |
88.5 |
11.5 |
|
1995
|
67,377 |
59,936 |
7,441 |
89.0 |
11.0 |
|
1996
|
68,207 |
60,762 |
7,445 |
89.1 |
10.9 |
|
1997
|
69,685 |
62,258 |
7,427 |
89.3 |
10.7 |
|
1998
|
70,693 |
63,189 |
7,504 |
89.4 |
10.6 |
|
1999
|
71,446 |
63,930 |
7,516 |
89.5 |
10.5 |
|
2000
|
73,305 |
65,930 |
7,375 |
89.9 |
10.1 |
|
2001
|
73,196 |
65,623 |
7,573 |
89.7 |
10.3 |
|
2002
|
72,903 |
65,205 |
7,697 |
89.4 |
10.6 |
|
2003
|
73,332 |
65,379 |
7,953 |
89.2 |
10.8 |
|
2004
|
74,524 |
66,444 |
8,080 |
89.2 |
10.8 |
|
2005
|
75,973 |
67,858 |
8,115 |
89.3 |
10.7 |
|
2006
|
77,502 |
69,307 |
8,194 |
89.4 |
10.6 |
|
2007
|
78,254 |
70,035 |
8,220 |
89.5 |
10.5 |
|
2008
|
77,486 |
68,853 |
8,634 |
88.9 |
11.1 |
|
2009
|
73,670 |
63,951 |
9,719 |
86.8 |
13.2 |
|
2010
|
73,359 |
63,501 |
9,858 |
86.6 |
13.4 |
|
2011
|
74,290 |
64,333 |
9,957 |
86.6 |
13.4 |
|
2012
|
75,555 |
65,477 |
10,078 |
86.7 |
13.3 |
|
2013
|
76,353 |
66,335 |
10,017 |
86.9 |
13.1 |
|
2014
|
77,692 |
67,829 |
9,863 |
87.3 |
12.7 |
|
2015
|
79,131 |
69,351 |
9,780 |
87.6 |
12.4 |
|
2016
|
80,568 |
70,567 |
10,002 |
87.6 |
12.4 |
Table 22. Average weekly hours at work in all industries and in nonagricultural industries, by gender, 1976–2016 annual averages
| Year |
All industries |
Nonagricultural industries |
| Total |
Women |
Men |
Total |
Women |
Men |
|
1976
|
38.7 |
34.1 |
41.7 |
38.4 |
34.1 |
41.4 |
|
1977
|
38.8 |
34.2 |
41.9 |
38.5 |
34.2 |
41.6 |
|
1978
|
39.0 |
34.5 |
42.1 |
38.7 |
34.4 |
41.8 |
|
1979
|
38.9 |
34.5 |
42.0 |
38.6 |
34.4 |
41.7 |
|
1980
|
38.5 |
34.5 |
41.5 |
38.3 |
34.4 |
41.2 |
|
1981
|
38.1 |
34.1 |
41.1 |
37.9 |
34.1 |
40.7 |
|
1982
|
38.0 |
34.1 |
40.9 |
37.7 |
34.0 |
40.6 |
|
1983
|
38.3 |
34.5 |
41.2 |
38.1 |
34.4 |
41.0 |
|
1984
|
38.8 |
34.9 |
41.8 |
38.6 |
34.9 |
41.5 |
|
1985
|
39.0 |
35.2 |
42.0 |
38.9 |
35.2 |
41.8 |
|
1986
|
39.1 |
35.4 |
42.1 |
38.9 |
35.3 |
41.9 |
|
1987
|
39.0 |
35.3 |
42.0 |
38.8 |
35.3 |
41.8 |
|
1988
|
39.4 |
35.7 |
42.4 |
39.3 |
35.7 |
42.2 |
|
1989
|
39.6 |
35.8 |
42.6 |
39.4 |
35.8 |
42.4 |
|
1990
|
39.4 |
35.8 |
42.3 |
39.3 |
35.8 |
42.1 |
|
1991
|
39.2 |
35.8 |
42.0 |
39.1 |
35.8 |
41.9 |
|
1992
|
38.9 |
35.6 |
41.7 |
38.8 |
35.6 |
41.6 |
|
1993
|
39.4 |
36.0 |
42.2 |
39.3 |
36.0 |
42.1 |
|
1994
|
39.2 |
35.5 |
42.2 |
39.1 |
35.6 |
42.1 |
|
1995
|
39.3 |
35.6 |
42.3 |
39.2 |
35.7 |
42.2 |
|
1996
|
39.3 |
35.7 |
42.3 |
39.2 |
35.7 |
42.2 |
|
1997
|
39.5 |
36.0 |
42.4 |
39.4 |
36.0 |
42.3 |
|
1998
|
39.3 |
35.8 |
42.2 |
39.2 |
35.9 |
42.2 |
|
1999
|
39.6 |
36.2 |
42.4 |
39.5 |
36.2 |
42.4 |
|
2000
|
39.7 |
36.4 |
42.5 |
39.6 |
36.4 |
42.4 |
|
2001
|
39.2 |
36.1 |
41.9 |
39.2 |
36.1 |
41.8 |
|
2002
|
39.2 |
36.0 |
41.8 |
39.1 |
36.1 |
41.7 |
|
2003
|
39.0 |
35.9 |
41.7 |
39.0 |
35.9 |
41.6 |
|
2004
|
39.0 |
35.9 |
41.7 |
39.0 |
35.9 |
41.6 |
|
2005
|
39.2 |
36.1 |
41.8 |
39.1 |
36.1 |
41.7 |
|
2006
|
39.2 |
36.2 |
41.8 |
39.2 |
36.2 |
41.7 |
|
2007
|
39.2 |
36.1 |
41.7 |
39.1 |
36.1 |
41.6 |
|
2008
|
38.9 |
36.1 |
41.3 |
38.8 |
36.1 |
41.2 |
|
2009
|
37.9 |
35.3 |
40.2 |
37.8 |
35.3 |
40.1 |
|
2010
|
38.2 |
35.5 |
40.5 |
38.1 |
35.6 |
40.4 |
|
2011
|
38.3 |
35.6 |
40.6 |
38.2 |
35.6 |
40.6 |
|
2012
|
38.5 |
35.8 |
40.8 |
38.4 |
35.8 |
40.7 |
|
2013
|
38.6 |
36.0 |
40.9 |
38.5 |
36.0 |
40.8 |
|
2014
|
38.6 |
35.9 |
41.0 |
38.6 |
35.9 |
40.9 |
|
2015
|
38.6 |
35.9 |
40.9 |
38.5 |
35.9 |
40.8 |
|
2016
|
38.7 |
36.2 |
41.0 |
38.7 |
36.2 |
40.9 |
Table 23. Work experience of the population, by gender and full- and part-time status, selected years, 1970–2015 (Percent distribution)
| Year and gender |
Population in thousands |
Worked during the year |
Percent distribution by work experience |
| Total in thousands |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Usually work full time |
Usually work part time |
| Total |
50 to 52 weeks |
1 to 49 weeks |
Total |
50 to 52 weeks |
1 to 49 weeks |
|
Total
|
|
|
1970
|
138,953 |
93,850 |
67.5 |
100.0 |
79.4 |
55.6 |
23.8 |
20.6 |
6.7 |
13.9 |
|
1975
|
153,180 |
102,603 |
67.0 |
100.0 |
78.9 |
54.3 |
24.6 |
21.2 |
7.5 |
13.7 |
|
1980
|
169,452 |
115,752 |
68.3 |
100.0 |
78.5 |
56.1 |
22.4 |
21.4 |
7.7 |
13.7 |
|
1985
|
179,944 |
123,466 |
68.6 |
100.0 |
78.2 |
58.7 |
19.5 |
21.9 |
8.3 |
13.6 |
|
1990
|
189,238 |
132,562 |
70.1 |
100.0 |
78.8 |
60.4 |
18.4 |
21.3 |
8.7 |
12.6 |
|
1995
|
199,925 |
138,971 |
69.5 |
100.0 |
78.6 |
62.9 |
15.7 |
21.3 |
9.1 |
12.2 |
|
2000
|
214,292 |
150,787 |
70.4 |
100.0 |
80.4 |
66.7 |
13.8 |
19.5 |
9.3 |
10.2 |
|
2005
|
227,975 |
154,322 |
67.7 |
100.0 |
80.3 |
67.5 |
12.8 |
19.7 |
10.0 |
9.7 |
|
2006
|
231,033 |
156,658 |
67.8 |
100.0 |
80.9 |
68.4 |
12.5 |
19.1 |
9.7 |
9.4 |
|
2007
|
232,995 |
157,653 |
67.7 |
100.0 |
80.9 |
68.4 |
12.5 |
19.1 |
9.8 |
9.3 |
|
2008
|
235,086 |
157,472 |
67.0 |
100.0 |
79.5 |
65.6 |
13.9 |
20.5 |
10.5 |
10.0 |
|
2009
|
237,158 |
153,929 |
64.9 |
100.0 |
78.3 |
64.0 |
14.3 |
21.7 |
11.3 |
10.4 |
|
2010
|
238,999 |
152,320 |
63.7 |
100.0 |
78.2 |
64.7 |
13.5 |
21.8 |
11.2 |
10.6 |
|
2011
|
242,602 |
153,479 |
63.3 |
100.0 |
78.6 |
65.8 |
12.8 |
21.4 |
11.2 |
10.2 |
|
2012
|
244,993 |
156,194 |
63.8 |
100.0 |
78.4 |
65.5 |
12.9 |
21.6 |
11.2 |
10.4 |
|
2013
|
247,258 |
156,987 |
63.5 |
100.0 |
79.0 |
66.9 |
12.1 |
21.0 |
10.9 |
10.1 |
|
2014
|
250,080 |
159,056 |
63.6 |
100.0 |
79.6 |
67.9 |
11.7 |
20.4 |
10.8 |
9.6 |
|
2015
|
252,766 |
162,329 |
64.2 |
100.0 |
79.6 |
68.0 |
11.6 |
20.4 |
10.6 |
9.8 |
|
Women
|
|
|
1970
|
73,657 |
38,809 |
52.7 |
100.0 |
67.9 |
40.7 |
27.2 |
32.2 |
10.1 |
22.1 |
|
1975
|
80,834 |
43,511 |
53.8 |
100.0 |
67.1 |
41.4 |
25.7 |
32.8 |
11.7 |
21.1 |
|
1980
|
89,259 |
51,492 |
57.7 |
100.0 |
67.7 |
44.7 |
23.0 |
32.3 |
11.9 |
20.4 |
|
1985
|
94,490 |
56,165 |
59.4 |
100.0 |
68.1 |
48.9 |
19.2 |
31.8 |
12.3 |
19.5 |
|
1990
|
98,970 |
61,494 |
62.1 |
100.0 |
69.8 |
51.5 |
18.3 |
30.2 |
12.8 |
17.4 |
|
1995
|
104,058 |
65,304 |
62.8 |
100.0 |
70.2 |
54.3 |
15.9 |
29.7 |
13.3 |
16.4 |
|
2000
|
111,440 |
71,341 |
64.0 |
100.0 |
72.9 |
58.4 |
14.5 |
27.1 |
13.4 |
13.7 |
|
2005
|
117,814 |
72,309 |
61.4 |
100.0 |
72.7 |
59.9 |
12.8 |
27.3 |
14.1 |
13.2 |
|
2006
|
119,300 |
73,527 |
61.6 |
100.0 |
73.0 |
60.7 |
12.3 |
27.0 |
14.1 |
12.9 |
|
2007
|
120,300 |
74,115 |
61.6 |
100.0 |
73.6 |
61.5 |
12.1 |
26.4 |
14.2 |
12.2 |
|
2008
|
121,328 |
74,363 |
61.3 |
100.0 |
72.2 |
59.3 |
12.9 |
27.8 |
15.0 |
12.9 |
|
2009
|
122,339 |
72,855 |
59.6 |
100.0 |
71.5 |
59.3 |
12.2 |
28.5 |
15.8 |
12.7 |
|
2010
|
123,012 |
71,980 |
58.5 |
100.0 |
71.5 |
59.4 |
12.1 |
28.5 |
15.6 |
12.9 |
|
2011
|
125,619 |
72,976 |
58.1 |
100.0 |
71.7 |
59.8 |
11.9 |
28.3 |
15.7 |
12.6 |
|
2012
|
126,791 |
74,051 |
58.4 |
100.0 |
71.5 |
59.4 |
12.1 |
28.5 |
15.2 |
13.3 |
|
2013
|
127,863 |
74,397 |
58.2 |
100.0 |
71.8 |
60.5 |
11.3 |
28.2 |
15.2 |
13.0 |
|
2014
|
129,342 |
75,416 |
58.3 |
100.0 |
72.7 |
61.2 |
11.5 |
27.3 |
14.7 |
12.6 |
|
2015
|
130,656 |
76,811 |
58.8 |
100.0 |
73.0 |
61.4 |
11.6 |
27.0 |
14.6 |
12.4 |
|
Men
|
|
|
1970
|
65,296 |
55,041 |
84.3 |
100.0 |
87.6 |
66.1 |
21.5 |
12.4 |
4.4 |
8.0 |
|
1975
|
72,346 |
59,091 |
81.7 |
100.0 |
87.5 |
63.8 |
23.7 |
12.5 |
4.4 |
8.1 |
|
1980
|
80,193 |
64,260 |
80.1 |
100.0 |
87.2 |
65.2 |
22.0 |
12.8 |
4.4 |
8.4 |
|
1985
|
85,454 |
67,301 |
78.8 |
100.0 |
86.5 |
66.8 |
19.7 |
13.5 |
4.8 |
8.7 |
|
1990
|
90,269 |
71,068 |
78.7 |
100.0 |
86.4 |
68.0 |
18.4 |
13.5 |
5.1 |
8.4 |
|
1995
|
95,867 |
73,667 |
76.8 |
100.0 |
86.2 |
70.6 |
15.6 |
13.9 |
5.5 |
8.4 |
|
2000
|
102,853 |
79,446 |
77.2 |
100.0 |
87.5 |
74.2 |
13.2 |
12.6 |
5.5 |
7.1 |
|
2005
|
110,161 |
82,013 |
74.4 |
100.0 |
87.0 |
74.2 |
12.8 |
13.0 |
6.3 |
6.7 |
|
2006
|
111,733 |
83,131 |
74.4 |
100.0 |
87.8 |
75.2 |
12.6 |
12.2 |
5.7 |
6.5 |
|
2007
|
112,695 |
83,538 |
74.1 |
100.0 |
87.4 |
74.6 |
12.8 |
12.6 |
5.9 |
6.7 |
|
2008
|
113,758 |
83,109 |
73.1 |
100.0 |
86.0 |
71.2 |
14.8 |
14.0 |
6.5 |
7.5 |
|
2009
|
114,820 |
81,073 |
70.6 |
100.0 |
84.4 |
68.3 |
16.1 |
15.6 |
7.3 |
8.3 |
|
2010
|
115,986 |
80,341 |
69.3 |
100.0 |
84.3 |
69.4 |
14.9 |
15.7 |
7.3 |
8.4 |
|
2011
|
116,984 |
80,503 |
68.8 |
100.0 |
84.8 |
71.2 |
13.6 |
15.2 |
7.2 |
8.0 |
|
2012
|
118,202 |
82,143 |
69.5 |
100.0 |
84.5 |
71.0 |
13.5 |
15.5 |
7.5 |
8.0 |
|
2013
|
119,395 |
82,590 |
69.2 |
100.0 |
85.5 |
72.7 |
12.8 |
14.5 |
7.1 |
7.4 |
|
2014
|
120,738 |
83,640 |
69.3 |
100.0 |
85.7 |
73.9 |
11.8 |
14.3 |
7.2 |
7.1 |
|
2015
|
122,110 |
85,518 |
70.0 |
100.0 |
85.6 |
73.9 |
11.7 |
14.4 |
7.0 |
7.4 |
Table 24A. Married-couple families, by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2015 (Numbers in thousands)
| Year |
Married-couple families |
| Total |
No earners |
One earner |
Two or more earners |
| Total |
Husband only |
Wife only |
Other family member |
Total |
Husband and wife |
Husband and other family member |
Wife and other family member |
Husband and wife are not earners |
|
1967
|
43,292 |
2,943 |
16,490 |
15,429 |
716 |
345 |
23,859 |
18,888 |
4,639 |
- |
- |
|
1968
|
43,842 |
2,888 |
16,375 |
15,310 |
730 |
335 |
24,579 |
19,743 |
4,522 |
- |
- |
|
1969
|
44,436 |
3,022 |
16,268 |
15,133 |
797 |
339 |
25,145 |
20,327 |
4,517 |
- |
- |
|
1970
|
44,832 |
3,252 |
16,117 |
14,931 |
867 |
320 |
25,464 |
20,510 |
4,622 |
- |
- |
|
1971
|
45,939 |
3,471 |
16,847 |
15,502 |
1,004 |
340 |
25,621 |
20,641 |
4,651 |
- |
- |
|
1972
|
46,594 |
3,632 |
16,787 |
15,387 |
1,003 |
398 |
26,175 |
21,279 |
4,553 |
- |
- |
|
1973
|
47,185 |
4,027 |
16,080 |
14,547 |
1,110 |
423 |
27,078 |
22,152 |
4,535 |
- |
- |
|
1974
|
47,438 |
4,325 |
15,795 |
14,122 |
1,216 |
457 |
27,319 |
22,451 |
4,442 |
- |
- |
|
1975
|
47,878 |
4,943 |
16,217 |
14,343 |
1,394 |
481 |
26,717 |
22,338 |
3,861 |
- |
- |
|
1976
|
48,150 |
4,962 |
15,630 |
13,690 |
1,424 |
516 |
27,559 |
23,104 |
3,829 |
- |
- |
|
1977
|
48,131 |
5,177 |
15,119 |
13,153 |
1,456 |
512 |
27,835 |
23,474 |
3,812 |
- |
- |
|
1978
|
48,532 |
5,226 |
14,456 |
12,434 |
1,509 |
513 |
28,850 |
24,655 |
3,609 |
- |
- |
|
1979
|
49,132 |
5,559 |
13,912 |
11,934 |
1,499 |
480 |
29,660 |
25,595 |
3,476 |
- |
- |
|
1980
|
49,316 |
5,903 |
13,900 |
11,621 |
1,707 |
573 |
29,513 |
25,557 |
3,380 |
- |
- |
|
1981
|
49,669 |
6,213 |
13,832 |
11,524 |
1,680 |
628 |
29,624 |
25,729 |
3,212 |
- |
- |
|
1982
|
49,947 |
6,427 |
14,235 |
11,575 |
2,048 |
613 |
29,285 |
25,387 |
3,149 |
- |
- |
|
1983
|
50,134 |
6,549 |
13,692 |
11,100 |
1,944 |
647 |
29,893 |
26,119 |
2,996 |
- |
- |
|
1984
|
50,395 |
6,630 |
12,952 |
10,472 |
1,852 |
628 |
30,814 |
27,035 |
2,891 |
- |
- |
|
1985
|
50,978 |
6,693 |
12,961 |
10,406 |
1,897 |
658 |
31,324 |
27,787 |
2,764 |
- |
- |
|
1986
|
51,574 |
6,731 |
12,565 |
9,984 |
1,917 |
664 |
32,278 |
28,811 |
2,730 |
- |
- |
|
1987
|
51,847 |
6,741 |
12,435 |
9,787 |
1,946 |
702 |
32,671 |
29,369 |
2,576 |
- |
- |
|
1988
|
52,149 |
6,754 |
11,876 |
9,463 |
1,777 |
636 |
33,519 |
30,536 |
2,303 |
532 |
148 |
|
1989
|
52,385 |
6,812 |
11,748 |
9,212 |
1,840 |
695 |
33,825 |
30,879 |
2,373 |
435 |
138 |
|
1990
|
52,241 |
6,770 |
11,630 |
9,107 |
1,826 |
698 |
33,841 |
30,829 |
2,369 |
479 |
164 |
|
1991
|
52,549 |
7,091 |
11,523 |
8,873 |
1,993 |
657 |
33,935 |
31,049 |
2,161 |
527 |
197 |
|
1992
|
53,254 |
7,256 |
11,977 |
9,114 |
2,145 |
718 |
34,021 |
31,268 |
1,940 |
624 |
199 |
|
1993
|
53,248 |
7,282 |
11,842 |
8,745 |
2,411 |
687 |
34,123 |
31,302 |
2,051 |
614 |
156 |
|
1994
|
53,929 |
7,227 |
11,774 |
8,719 |
2,374 |
681 |
34,928 |
32,125 |
2,048 |
603 |
151 |
|
1995
|
53,621 |
7,278 |
11,739 |
8,821 |
2,253 |
664 |
34,604 |
32,061 |
1,878 |
539 |
127 |
|
1996
|
53,654 |
7,148 |
11,556 |
8,671 |
2,214 |
671 |
34,950 |
32,406 |
1,899 |
522 |
123 |
|
1997
|
54,362 |
7,289 |
11,728 |
8,792 |
2,302 |
634 |
35,345 |
32,764 |
1,853 |
569 |
158 |
|
1998
|
54,829 |
7,257 |
12,279 |
9,198 |
2,419 |
662 |
35,293 |
32,810 |
1,726 |
616 |
141 |
|
1999
|
55,352 |
7,163 |
12,328 |
9,093 |
2,595 |
640 |
35,861 |
33,360 |
1,815 |
519 |
167 |
|
2000
|
56,643 |
7,463 |
12,717 |
9,515 |
2,601 |
600 |
36,463 |
33,892 |
1,865 |
566 |
139 |
|
2001
|
56,798 |
7,666 |
12,907 |
9,621 |
2,698 |
588 |
36,224 |
33,696 |
1,898 |
501 |
129 |
|
2002
|
57,362 |
7,803 |
13,487 |
10,109 |
2,818 |
560 |
36,071 |
33,547 |
1,845 |
558 |
121 |
|
2003
|
57,767 |
8,043 |
14,051 |
10,469 |
3,026 |
557 |
35,673 |
33,220 |
1,789 |
548 |
117 |
|
2004
|
58,045 |
7,996 |
14,352 |
10,821 |
2,991 |
540 |
35,696 |
33,131 |
1,832 |
610 |
123 |
|
2005
|
58,225 |
8,017 |
14,292 |
10,603 |
3,096 |
593 |
35,915 |
33,380 |
1,818 |
597 |
121 |
|
2006
|
59,050 |
8,091 |
14,545 |
10,693 |
3,261 |
591 |
36,414 |
33,880 |
1,752 |
639 |
142 |
|
2007
|
58,490 |
7,914 |
14,264 |
10,392 |
3,265 |
608 |
36,312 |
33,718 |
1,847 |
597 |
149 |
|
2008
|
59,183 |
8,083 |
14,622 |
10,567 |
3,435 |
620 |
36,477 |
33,930 |
1,739 |
650 |
158 |
|
2009
|
58,516 |
8,466 |
15,035 |
10,565 |
3,849 |
621 |
35,015 |
32,327 |
1,789 |
739 |
160 |
|
2010
|
58,135 |
8,626 |
15,406 |
10,880 |
3,935 |
591 |
34,103 |
31,425 |
1,783 |
722 |
172 |
|
2011
|
59,071 |
9,152 |
15,972 |
11,301 |
4,015 |
656 |
33,947 |
31,212 |
1,833 |
739 |
163 |
|
2012
|
59,327 |
9,101 |
15,831 |
11,271 |
3,891 |
669 |
34,395 |
31,594 |
1,881 |
750 |
170 |
|
2013
|
59,795 |
9,556 |
15,825 |
11,368 |
3,788 |
669 |
34,414 |
31,685 |
1,849 |
711 |
169 |
|
2014
|
60,091 |
9,434 |
15,627 |
11,240 |
3,767 |
620 |
35,030 |
32,000 |
2,082 |
764 |
183 |
|
2015
|
60,338 |
9,379 |
15,640 |
11,178 |
3,733 |
729 |
35,320 |
32,333 |
2,028 |
756 |
203 |
Table 24B. Married-couple families, by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2015 (Percent distribution)
| Year |
Married-couple families |
| Total |
No earners |
One earner |
Two or more earners |
| Total |
Husband only |
Wife only |
Other family member |
Total |
Husband and wife |
Husband and other family member |
Wife and other family member |
Husband and wife are not earners |
|
1967
|
100.0 |
6.8 |
38.1 |
35.6 |
1.7 |
0.8 |
55.1 |
43.6 |
10.7 |
- |
- |
|
1968
|
100.0 |
6.6 |
37.4 |
34.9 |
1.7 |
0.8 |
56.1 |
45.0 |
10.3 |
- |
- |
|
1969
|
100.0 |
6.8 |
36.6 |
34.1 |
1.8 |
0.8 |
56.6 |
45.7 |
10.2 |
- |
- |
|
1970
|
100.0 |
7.3 |
35.9 |
33.3 |
1.9 |
0.7 |
56.8 |
45.7 |
10.3 |
- |
- |
|
1971
|
100.0 |
7.6 |
36.7 |
33.7 |
2.2 |
0.7 |
55.8 |
44.9 |
10.1 |
- |
- |
|
1972
|
100.0 |
7.8 |
36.0 |
33.0 |
2.2 |
0.9 |
56.2 |
45.7 |
9.8 |
- |
- |
|
1973
|
100.0 |
8.5 |
34.1 |
30.8 |
2.4 |
0.9 |
57.4 |
46.9 |
9.6 |
- |
- |
|
1974
|
100.0 |
9.1 |
33.3 |
29.8 |
2.6 |
1.0 |
57.6 |
47.3 |
9.4 |
- |
- |
|
1975
|
100.0 |
10.3 |
33.9 |
30.0 |
2.9 |
1.0 |
55.8 |
46.7 |
8.1 |
- |
- |
|
1976
|
100.0 |
10.3 |
32.5 |
28.4 |
3.0 |
1.1 |
57.2 |
48.0 |
8.0 |
- |
- |
|
1977
|
100.0 |
10.8 |
31.4 |
27.3 |
3.0 |
1.1 |
57.8 |
48.8 |
7.9 |
- |
- |
|
1978
|
100.0 |
10.8 |
29.8 |
25.6 |
3.1 |
1.1 |
59.4 |
50.8 |
7.4 |
- |
- |
|
1979
|
100.0 |
11.3 |
28.3 |
24.3 |
3.1 |
1.0 |
60.4 |
52.1 |
7.1 |
- |
- |
|
1980
|
100.0 |
12.0 |
28.2 |
23.6 |
3.5 |
1.2 |
59.8 |
51.8 |
6.9 |
- |
- |
|
1981
|
100.0 |
12.5 |
27.8 |
23.2 |
3.4 |
1.3 |
59.6 |
51.8 |
6.5 |
- |
- |
|
1982
|
100.0 |
12.9 |
28.5 |
23.2 |
4.1 |
1.2 |
58.6 |
50.8 |
6.3 |
- |
- |
|
1983
|
100.0 |
13.1 |
27.3 |
22.1 |
3.9 |
1.3 |
59.6 |
52.1 |
6.0 |
- |
- |
|
1984
|
100.0 |
13.2 |
25.7 |
20.8 |
3.7 |
1.2 |
61.1 |
53.6 |
5.7 |
- |
- |
|
1985
|
100.0 |
13.1 |
25.4 |
20.4 |
3.7 |
1.3 |
61.4 |
54.5 |
5.4 |
- |
- |
|
1986
|
100.0 |
13.1 |
24.4 |
19.4 |
3.7 |
1.3 |
62.6 |
55.9 |
5.3 |
- |
- |
|
1987
|
100.0 |
13.0 |
24.0 |
18.9 |
3.8 |
1.4 |
63.0 |
56.6 |
5.0 |
- |
- |
|
1988
|
100.0 |
13.0 |
22.8 |
18.1 |
3.4 |
1.2 |
64.3 |
58.6 |
4.4 |
1.0 |
0.3 |
|
1989
|
100.0 |
13.0 |
22.4 |
17.6 |
3.5 |
1.3 |
64.6 |
58.9 |
4.5 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
|
1990
|
100.0 |
13.0 |
22.3 |
17.4 |
3.5 |
1.3 |
64.8 |
59.0 |
4.5 |
0.9 |
0.3 |
|
1991
|
100.0 |
13.5 |
21.9 |
16.9 |
3.8 |
1.3 |
64.6 |
59.1 |
4.1 |
1.0 |
0.4 |
|
1992
|
100.0 |
13.6 |
22.5 |
17.1 |
4.0 |
1.3 |
63.9 |
58.7 |
3.6 |
1.2 |
0.4 |
|
1993
|
100.0 |
13.7 |
22.2 |
16.4 |
4.5 |
1.3 |
64.1 |
58.8 |
3.9 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
|
1994
|
100.0 |
13.4 |
21.8 |
16.2 |
4.4 |
1.3 |
64.8 |
59.6 |
3.8 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
|
1995
|
100.0 |
13.6 |
21.9 |
16.5 |
4.2 |
1.2 |
64.5 |
59.8 |
3.5 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
|
1996
|
100.0 |
13.3 |
21.5 |
16.2 |
4.1 |
1.3 |
65.1 |
60.4 |
3.5 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
|
1997
|
100.0 |
13.4 |
21.6 |
16.2 |
4.2 |
1.2 |
65.0 |
60.3 |
3.4 |
1.0 |
0.3 |
|
1998
|
100.0 |
13.2 |
22.4 |
16.8 |
4.4 |
1.2 |
64.4 |
59.8 |
3.1 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
|
1999
|
100.0 |
12.9 |
22.3 |
16.4 |
4.7 |
1.2 |
64.8 |
60.3 |
3.3 |
0.9 |
0.3 |
|
2000
|
100.0 |
13.2 |
22.5 |
16.8 |
4.6 |
1.1 |
64.4 |
59.8 |
3.3 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
|
2001
|
100.0 |
13.5 |
22.7 |
16.9 |
4.8 |
1.0 |
63.8 |
59.3 |
3.3 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
|
2002
|
100.0 |
13.6 |
23.5 |
17.6 |
4.9 |
1.0 |
62.9 |
58.5 |
3.2 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
|
2003
|
100.0 |
13.9 |
24.3 |
18.1 |
5.2 |
1.0 |
61.8 |
57.5 |
3.1 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
|
2004
|
100.0 |
13.8 |
24.7 |
18.6 |
5.2 |
0.9 |
61.5 |
57.1 |
3.2 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
|
2005
|
100.0 |
13.8 |
24.5 |
18.2 |
5.3 |
1.0 |
61.7 |
57.3 |
3.1 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
|
2006
|
100.0 |
13.7 |
24.6 |
18.1 |
5.5 |
1.0 |
61.7 |
57.4 |
3.0 |
1.1 |
0.2 |
|
2007
|
100.0 |
13.5 |
24.4 |
17.8 |
5.6 |
1.0 |
62.1 |
57.6 |
3.2 |
1.0 |
0.3 |
|
2008
|
100.0 |
13.7 |
24.7 |
17.9 |
5.8 |
1.0 |
61.6 |
57.3 |
2.9 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
|
2009
|
100.0 |
14.5 |
25.7 |
18.1 |
6.6 |
1.1 |
59.8 |
55.2 |
3.1 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
|
2010
|
100.0 |
14.8 |
26.5 |
18.7 |
6.8 |
1.0 |
58.7 |
54.1 |
3.1 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
|
2011
|
100.0 |
15.5 |
27.0 |
19.1 |
6.8 |
1.1 |
57.5 |
52.8 |
3.1 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
|
2012
|
100.0 |
15.3 |
26.7 |
19.0 |
6.6 |
1.1 |
58.0 |
53.3 |
3.2 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
|
2013
|
100.0 |
16.0 |
26.5 |
19.0 |
6.3 |
1.1 |
57.6 |
53.0 |
3.1 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
|
2014
|
100.0 |
15.7 |
26.0 |
18.7 |
6.3 |
1.0 |
58.3 |
53.3 |
3.5 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
|
2015
|
100.0 |
15.5 |
25.9 |
18.5 |
6.2 |
1.2 |
58.5 |
53.6 |
3.4 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
Table 25. Contribution of wives' earnings to family income, 1970–2015
| Year |
Contribution to family income (median percentage) |
|
1970
|
26.6 |
|
1971
|
27.5 |
|
1972
|
26.7 |
|
1973
|
26.0 |
|
1974
|
25.4 |
|
1975
|
26.3 |
|
1976
|
26.4 |
|
1977
|
26.1 |
|
1978
|
26.1 |
|
1979
|
26.0 |
|
1980
|
26.7 |
|
1981
|
27.3 |
|
1982
|
28.4 |
|
1983
|
28.8 |
|
1984
|
28.4 |
|
1985
|
28.3 |
|
1986
|
29.0 |
|
1987
|
29.5 |
|
1988
|
29.6 |
|
1989
|
29.9 |
|
1990
|
30.7 |
|
1991
|
31.3 |
|
1992
|
32.4 |
|
1993
|
32.2 |
|
1994
|
31.9 |
|
1995
|
31.9 |
|
1996
|
32.6 |
|
1997
|
32.7 |
|
1998
|
32.8 |
|
1999
|
32.8 |
|
2000
|
33.5 |
|
2001
|
34.4 |
|
2002
|
34.8 |
|
2003
|
35.2 |
|
2004
|
34.9 |
|
2005
|
35.1 |
|
2006
|
35.6 |
|
2007
|
36.0 |
|
2008
|
36.0 |
|
2009
|
37.1 |
|
2010
|
37.6 |
|
2011
|
37.0 |
|
2012
|
37.3 |
|
2013
|
37.3 |
|
2014
|
36.0 |
|
2015
|
37.1 |
Table 26. Wives who earn more than their husbands, 1987–2015 (Numbers in thousands)
| Year |
Families in which wives have earnings but husbands may not(1) |
Families in which both wives and husbands have earnings(2) |
| Married-couple families in which wife (but not necessarily husband) have earnings from work |
Wives who earn more than their husbands |
Percentage of wives who earn more than their husbands |
Married-couple families in which both wife and husband have earnings from work |
Wives who earn more than their husbands |
Percentage of wives who earn more than their husbands |
|
1987
|
32,025 |
7,581 |
23.7 |
29,755 |
5,311 |
17.8 |
|
1988
|
32,810 |
7,827 |
23.9 |
30,503 |
5,520 |
18.1 |
|
1989
|
33,119 |
8,068 |
24.4 |
30,848 |
5,796 |
18.8 |
|
1990
|
33,093 |
8,221 |
24.8 |
30,794 |
5,923 |
19.2 |
|
1991
|
33,516 |
8,983 |
26.8 |
30,998 |
6,465 |
20.9 |
|
1992
|
33,987 |
9,715 |
28.6 |
31,221 |
6,948 |
22.3 |
|
1993
|
34,286 |
10,000 |
29.2 |
31,264 |
6,978 |
22.3 |
|
1994
|
35,066 |
10,184 |
29.0 |
32,091 |
7,209 |
22.5 |
|
1995
|
34,819 |
9,822 |
28.2 |
32,030 |
7,033 |
22.0 |
|
1996
|
35,120 |
10,070 |
28.7 |
32,389 |
7,340 |
22.7 |
|
1997
|
35,613 |
10,309 |
28.9 |
32,745 |
7,441 |
22.7 |
|
1998
|
35,807 |
10,468 |
29.2 |
32,782 |
7,443 |
22.7 |
|
1999
|
36,454 |
10,548 |
28.9 |
33,340 |
7,434 |
22.3 |
|
2000
|
37,037 |
11,070 |
29.9 |
33,873 |
7,906 |
23.3 |
|
2001
|
36,864 |
11,329 |
30.7 |
33,665 |
8,130 |
24.1 |
|
2002
|
36,905 |
11,765 |
31.9 |
33,531 |
8,391 |
25.0 |
|
2003
|
36,761 |
11,923 |
32.4 |
33,189 |
8,351 |
25.2 |
|
2004
|
36,710 |
11,985 |
32.6 |
33,110 |
8,386 |
25.3 |
|
2005
|
37,055 |
12,215 |
33.0 |
33,364 |
8,524 |
25.5 |
|
2006
|
37,733 |
12,601 |
33.4 |
33,838 |
8,707 |
25.7 |
|
2007
|
37,536 |
12,570 |
33.5 |
33,678 |
8,712 |
25.9 |
|
2008
|
37,988 |
13,104 |
34.5 |
33,905 |
9,020 |
26.6 |
|
2009
|
36,858 |
13,903 |
37.7 |
32,280 |
9,326 |
28.9 |
|
2010
|
36,024 |
13,798 |
38.3 |
31,373 |
9,147 |
29.2 |
|
2011
|
35,908 |
13,505 |
37.6 |
31,165 |
8,762 |
28.1 |
|
2012
|
36,181 |
13,779 |
38.1 |
31,549 |
9,147 |
29.0 |
|
2013
|
36,138 |
13,779 |
38.1 |
31,646 |
9,287 |
29.3 |
|
2014
|
36,489 |
13,530 |
37.1 |
31,963 |
9,005 |
28.2 |
|
2015
|
36,772 |
13,939 |
37.9 |
32,287 |
9,454 |
29.3 |
Table 27. Working poor: Poverty status of people in the labor force for 27 weeks or more, by age, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2015 (Numbers in thousands)
| Age and gender |
Total |
Below poverty level |
Rate(1) |
| Total |
White |
Black or African American |
Asian |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
Total |
White |
Black or African American |
Asian |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
Total |
White |
Black or African American |
Asian |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
152,230 |
119,878 |
18,502 |
8,965 |
25,019 |
8,560 |
5,746 |
2,073 |
364 |
2,520 |
5.6 |
4.8 |
11.2 |
4.1 |
10.1 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
3,436 |
2,638 |
458 |
104 |
668 |
372 |
241 |
90 |
12 |
96 |
10.8 |
9.1 |
19.6 |
12.0 |
14.4 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
13,187 |
9,990 |
1,948 |
561 |
2,913 |
1,609 |
1,043 |
421 |
58 |
358 |
12.2 |
10.4 |
21.6 |
10.4 |
12.3 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
34,008 |
25,788 |
4,628 |
2,197 |
6,712 |
2,251 |
1,443 |
636 |
77 |
667 |
6.6 |
5.6 |
13.7 |
3.5 |
9.9 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
31,909 |
24,315 |
4,163 |
2,354 |
6,281 |
2,031 |
1,372 |
472 |
86 |
784 |
6.4 |
5.6 |
11.3 |
3.7 |
12.5 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
33,364 |
26,654 |
3,959 |
1,917 |
4,978 |
1,242 |
865 |
250 |
86 |
403 |
3.7 |
3.2 |
6.3 |
4.5 |
8.1 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
26,832 |
22,333 |
2,574 |
1,405 |
2,740 |
904 |
671 |
178 |
33 |
171 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
6.9 |
2.4 |
6.2 |
|
65 years and older
|
9,495 |
8,159 |
772 |
426 |
727 |
153 |
112 |
26 |
12 |
41 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
5.6 |
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
71,013 |
54,729 |
9,751 |
4,154 |
10,631 |
4,508 |
2,864 |
1,301 |
156 |
1,146 |
6.3 |
5.2 |
13.3 |
3.7 |
10.8 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
1,731 |
1,308 |
231 |
53 |
332 |
225 |
155 |
52 |
5 |
62 |
13.0 |
11.9 |
22.4 |
(2) |
18.7 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
6,358 |
4,784 |
963 |
289 |
1,319 |
891 |
574 |
260 |
21 |
186 |
14.0 |
12.0 |
27.0 |
7.2 |
14.1 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
15,599 |
11,558 |
2,411 |
954 |
2,724 |
1,238 |
719 |
420 |
40 |
304 |
7.9 |
6.2 |
17.4 |
4.2 |
11.1 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
14,633 |
10,738 |
2,271 |
1,092 |
2,571 |
1,026 |
626 |
311 |
38 |
314 |
7.0 |
5.8 |
13.7 |
3.5 |
12.2 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
15,687 |
12,255 |
2,084 |
933 |
2,156 |
592 |
395 |
146 |
33 |
176 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
7.0 |
3.6 |
8.1 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
12,807 |
10,542 |
1,356 |
671 |
1,220 |
465 |
342 |
102 |
12 |
84 |
3.6 |
3.2 |
7.5 |
1.9 |
6.9 |
|
65 years and older
|
4,197 |
3,543 |
435 |
161 |
308 |
71 |
52 |
10 |
6 |
20 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
2.3 |
4.0 |
6.4 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
81,218 |
65,149 |
8,751 |
4,810 |
14,388 |
4,053 |
2,882 |
772 |
209 |
1,374 |
5.0 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
4.3 |
9.5 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
1,704 |
1,330 |
226 |
51 |
336 |
147 |
85 |
38 |
8 |
34 |
8.6 |
6.4 |
16.7 |
(2) |
10.1 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
6,829 |
5,206 |
985 |
272 |
1,594 |
717 |
470 |
161 |
37 |
172 |
10.5 |
9.0 |
16.4 |
13.7 |
10.8 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
18,408 |
14,230 |
2,216 |
1,243 |
3,988 |
1,013 |
725 |
216 |
37 |
364 |
5.5 |
5.1 |
9.7 |
3.0 |
9.1 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
17,276 |
13,577 |
1,893 |
1,261 |
3,710 |
1,005 |
746 |
160 |
48 |
469 |
5.8 |
5.5 |
8.5 |
3.8 |
12.6 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
17,677 |
14,399 |
1,875 |
984 |
2,822 |
650 |
469 |
104 |
53 |
227 |
3.7 |
3.3 |
5.6 |
5.3 |
8.1 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
14,025 |
11,791 |
1,218 |
734 |
1,520 |
439 |
328 |
76 |
21 |
86 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
6.3 |
2.8 |
5.7 |
|
65 years and older
|
5,297 |
4,616 |
337 |
265 |
419 |
82 |
60 |
16 |
6 |
21 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
4.8 |
2.3 |
5.0 |
Table 28. Displaced workers, by age, gender, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status, January 2016
| Age, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
Total in thousands |
Percentage distribution by employment status |
| Total |
Employed |
Unemployed |
Not in labor force |
|
Total, 20 years and older
|
3,191 |
100.0 |
65.5 |
15.9 |
18.6 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
71 |
100.0 |
— |
— |
— |
|
25 to 54 years
|
2,023 |
100.0 |
72.5 |
17.1 |
10.4 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
853 |
100.0 |
60.0 |
15.0 |
24.9 |
|
65 years and older
|
245 |
100.0 |
26.5 |
10.7 |
62.8 |
|
Women, 20 years and older
|
1,419 |
100.0 |
64.1 |
16.3 |
19.6 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
38 |
100.0 |
— |
— |
— |
|
25 to 54 years
|
872 |
100.0 |
72.3 |
17.0 |
10.7 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
383 |
100.0 |
56.8 |
15.0 |
28.2 |
|
65 years and older
|
125 |
100.0 |
28.9 |
13.3 |
57.8 |
|
Men, 20 years and older
|
1,773 |
100.0 |
66.5 |
15.7 |
17.8 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
33 |
100.0 |
— |
— |
— |
|
25 to 54 years
|
1,151 |
100.0 |
72.7 |
17.2 |
10.1 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
469 |
100.0 |
62.6 |
15.1 |
22.3 |
|
65 years and older
|
119 |
100.0 |
24.0 |
7.9 |
68.1 |
|
White
|
|
|
Total, 20 years and older
|
2,573 |
100.0 |
66.5 |
14.8 |
18.6 |
|
Women
|
1,123 |
100.0 |
65.0 |
14.9 |
20.1 |
|
Men
|
1,450 |
100.0 |
67.7 |
14.8 |
17.5 |
|
Black or African American
|
|
|
Total, 20 years and older
|
394 |
100.0 |
61.5 |
20.3 |
18.2 |
|
Women
|
224 |
100.0 |
62.5 |
20.9 |
16.6 |
|
Men
|
170 |
100.0 |
60.1 |
19.6 |
20.3 |
|
Asian
|
|
|
Total, 20 years and older
|
145 |
100.0 |
54.9 |
24.7 |
20.3 |
|
Women
|
49 |
100.0 |
— |
— |
— |
|
Men
|
96 |
100.0 |
59.4 |
20.3 |
20.3 |
|
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
|
|
|
Total, 20 years and older
|
423 |
100.0 |
69.4 |
14.3 |
16.3 |
|
Women
|
187 |
100.0 |
61.9 |
18.4 |
19.6 |
|
Men
|
236 |
100.0 |
75.4 |
11.0 |
13.7 |
Table 29. Employed wage and salary workers, by age, gender, and median years of tenure with current employer, selected years, 2002–2016
| Age and gender |
January 2002 |
January 2004 |
January 2006 |
January 2008 |
January 2010 |
January 2012 |
January 2014 |
January 2016 |
|
Total, 16 years and older
|
3.7 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
4.4 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
4.2 |
|
16 to 17 years
|
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
|
18 to 19 years
|
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
|
25 years and older
|
4.7 |
4.9 |
4.9 |
5.1 |
5.2 |
5.4 |
5.5 |
5.1 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
2.7 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
4.6 |
4.9 |
4.9 |
4.9 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
5.2 |
4.9 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
7.6 |
7.7 |
7.3 |
7.6 |
7.8 |
7.8 |
7.9 |
7.9 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
9.9 |
9.6 |
9.3 |
9.9 |
10.0 |
10.3 |
10.4 |
10.1 |
|
65 years and older
|
8.6 |
9.0 |
8.8 |
10.2 |
9.9 |
10.3 |
10.3 |
10.3 |
|
Women, 16 years and older
|
3.4 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.9 |
4.2 |
4.6 |
4.5 |
4.0 |
|
16 to 17 years
|
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
|
18 to 19 years
|
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
|
25 years and older
|
4.4 |
4.7 |
4.8 |
4.9 |
5.1 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
5.0 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
2.5 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
2.6 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
4.2 |
4.5 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
4.9 |
5.2 |
5.1 |
4.8 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
6.5 |
6.4 |
6.7 |
7.0 |
7.1 |
7.3 |
7.6 |
7.5 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
9.6 |
9.2 |
9.2 |
9.8 |
9.7 |
10.0 |
10.2 |
10.0 |
|
65 years and older
|
9.4 |
9.6 |
9.5 |
9.9 |
10.1 |
10.5 |
10.5 |
10.4 |
|
Men, 16 years and older
|
3.9 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
4.2 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
4.7 |
4.3 |
|
16 to 17 years
|
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
|
18 to 19 years
|
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|
25 years and older
|
4.9 |
5.1 |
5.0 |
5.2 |
5.3 |
5.5 |
5.5 |
5.2 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
2.8 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
5.0 |
5.2 |
5.1 |
5.2 |
5.3 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
5.0 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
9.1 |
9.6 |
8.1 |
8.2 |
8.5 |
8.5 |
8.2 |
8.4 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
10.2 |
9.8 |
9.5 |
10.1 |
10.4 |
10.7 |
10.7 |
10.2 |
|
65 years and older
|
8.1 |
8.2 |
8.3 |
10.4 |
9.7 |
10.2 |
10.0 |
10.2 |
Table 30. Labor force status of 2016 high school graduates and 2015–16 high school dropouts, 16 to 24 years old, by school enrollment and gender, October 2016 (Numbers in thousands)
| Characteristic |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Civilian labor force |
Not in labor force |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Employed |
Unemployed |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Percentage of labor force |
|
Total, 2016 high school graduates(1)
|
3,137 |
1,526 |
48.7 |
1,327 |
42.3 |
199 |
13.1 |
1,610 |
|
Women
|
1,620 |
716 |
44.2 |
642 |
39.6 |
74 |
10.3 |
904 |
|
Men
|
1,517 |
811 |
53.4 |
685 |
45.2 |
126 |
15.5 |
706 |
|
Enrolled in college
|
2,188 |
840 |
38.4 |
773 |
35.3 |
67 |
8.0 |
1,348 |
|
Percentage of total 2016 graduates
|
69.7 |
55.0 |
— |
58.3 |
— |
33.7 |
— |
83.7 |
|
Women
|
1,165 |
416 |
35.7 |
394 |
33.9 |
21 |
5.2 |
749 |
|
Percentage of female 2016 graduates
|
71.9 |
58.1 |
— |
61.4 |
— |
28.4 |
— |
82.9 |
|
Men
|
1,023 |
425 |
41.5 |
379 |
37.0 |
46 |
10.7 |
599 |
|
Percentage of male 2016 graduates
|
67.4 |
52.4 |
— |
55.3 |
— |
36.5 |
— |
84.8 |
|
Not enrolled in college
|
948 |
686 |
72.3 |
554 |
58.4 |
132 |
19.3 |
262 |
|
Percentage of total 2016 graduates
|
30.2 |
45.0 |
— |
41.7 |
— |
66.3 |
— |
16.3 |
|
Women
|
455 |
300 |
65.9 |
248 |
54.4 |
52 |
17.5 |
155 |
|
Percentage of female 2016 graduates
|
28.1 |
41.9 |
— |
38.6 |
— |
70.3 |
— |
17.1 |
|
Men
|
493 |
386 |
78.3 |
306 |
62.0 |
80 |
20.7 |
107 |
|
Percentage of male 2016 graduates
|
32.5 |
47.6 |
— |
44.7 |
— |
63.5 |
— |
15.2 |
|
Total, 2015–16 high school dropouts(2)
|
513 |
261 |
50.9 |
178 |
34.7 |
83 |
31.9 |
252 |
|
Women
|
214 |
81 |
37.7 |
54 |
25.1 |
27 |
33.3 |
134 |
|
Men
|
299 |
181 |
60.4 |
124 |
41.5 |
56 |
31.3 |
118 |
Table 31. Labor force status of people, 16 to 24 years old, by school enrollment, gender, and educational attainment, October 2016 (Numbers in thousands)
| Characteristic |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Civilian labor force |
Not in labor force |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Employed |
Unemployed |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Percentage of labor force |
|
Enrolled in school
|
22,058 |
7,947 |
36.0 |
7,276 |
33.0 |
671 |
8.4 |
14,111 |
|
Women
|
11,220 |
4,286 |
38.2 |
4,007 |
35.7 |
279 |
6.5 |
6,934 |
|
Men
|
10,838 |
3,661 |
33.8 |
3,269 |
30.2 |
392 |
10.7 |
7,177 |
|
Enrolled in high school(1)
|
9,521 |
1,971 |
20.7 |
1,650 |
17.3 |
321 |
16.3 |
7,550 |
|
Women
|
4,560 |
1,071 |
23.5 |
919 |
20.2 |
152 |
14.2 |
3,489 |
|
Men
|
4,962 |
900 |
18.1 |
731 |
14.7 |
169 |
18.8 |
4,061 |
|
Enrolled in college
|
12,536 |
5,976 |
47.7 |
5,626 |
44.9 |
350 |
5.9 |
6,561 |
|
Women
|
6,660 |
3,215 |
48.3 |
3,088 |
46.4 |
127 |
3.9 |
3,445 |
|
Men
|
5,876 |
2,761 |
47.0 |
2,538 |
43.2 |
223 |
8.1 |
3,116 |
|
Not enrolled in school
|
16,309 |
13,004 |
79.7 |
11,544 |
70.8 |
1,460 |
11.2 |
3,306 |
|
Women
|
7,810 |
5,893 |
75.5 |
5,327 |
68.2 |
566 |
9.6 |
1,916 |
|
Less than a high school diploma
|
964 |
457 |
47.4 |
362 |
37.6 |
95 |
20.7 |
507 |
|
High school graduates, no college(2)
|
3,182 |
2,249 |
70.7 |
1,982 |
62.3 |
267 |
11.9 |
933 |
|
Some college or associate's degree
|
2,099 |
1,750 |
83.4 |
1,618 |
77.1 |
132 |
7.5 |
349 |
|
Bachelor’s degree and higher
|
1,565 |
1,438 |
91.9 |
1,365 |
87.2 |
73 |
5.1 |
127 |
|
Men
|
8,500 |
7,110 |
83.7 |
6,217 |
73.1 |
894 |
12.6 |
1,389 |
|
Less than a high school diploma
|
1,371 |
954 |
69.6 |
725 |
52.9 |
229 |
24.0 |
417 |
|
High school graduates, no college(2)
|
4,144 |
3,455 |
83.4 |
3,000 |
72.4 |
455 |
13.2 |
689 |
|
Some college or associate's degree
|
1,904 |
1,697 |
89.1 |
1,571 |
82.5 |
126 |
7.4 |
207 |
|
Bachelor’s degree and higher
|
1,081 |
1,004 |
92.9 |
921 |
85.2 |
83 |
8.3 |
77 |
Table 32. Multiple jobholders and multiple jobholding rates, by gender, 1994–2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Year |
Total employed |
Multiple jobholders |
Multiple-jobholding rate(1) |
| Total |
Women |
Men |
Total |
Women |
Men |
| Number |
Percentage of all multiple jobholders |
|
1994
|
123,060 |
7,260 |
3,336 |
46.0 |
3,924 |
5.9 |
5.9 |
5.9 |
|
1995
|
124,900 |
7,693 |
3,554 |
46.2 |
4,139 |
6.2 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
|
1996
|
126,708 |
7,832 |
3,640 |
46.5 |
4,192 |
6.2 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
|
1997
|
129,558 |
7,955 |
3,718 |
46.7 |
4,237 |
6.1 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
|
1998
|
131,463 |
7,926 |
3,748 |
47.3 |
4,178 |
6.0 |
6.2 |
5.9 |
|
1999
|
133,488 |
7,802 |
3,698 |
47.4 |
4,104 |
5.8 |
6.0 |
5.7 |
|
2000
|
136,891 |
7,604 |
3,608 |
47.4 |
3,996 |
5.6 |
5.7 |
5.5 |
|
2001
|
136,933 |
7,357 |
3,523 |
47.9 |
3,834 |
5.4 |
5.5 |
5.2 |
|
2002
|
136,485 |
7,291 |
3,557 |
48.8 |
3,734 |
5.3 |
5.6 |
5.1 |
|
2003
|
137,736 |
7,315 |
3,599 |
49.2 |
3,716 |
5.3 |
5.6 |
5.1 |
|
2004
|
139,252 |
7,473 |
3,638 |
48.7 |
3,835 |
5.4 |
5.6 |
5.1 |
|
2005
|
141,730 |
7,546 |
3,691 |
48.9 |
3,855 |
5.3 |
5.6 |
5.1 |
|
2006
|
144,427 |
7,576 |
3,753 |
49.5 |
3,822 |
5.2 |
5.6 |
4.9 |
|
2007
|
146,047 |
7,655 |
3,822 |
49.9 |
3,833 |
5.2 |
5.6 |
4.9 |
|
2008
|
145,362 |
7,620 |
3,783 |
49.6 |
3,837 |
5.2 |
5.6 |
5.0 |
|
2009
|
139,877 |
7,271 |
3,741 |
51.5 |
3,530 |
5.2 |
5.6 |
4.8 |
|
2010
|
139,064 |
6,878 |
3,552 |
51.6 |
3,326 |
4.9 |
5.4 |
4.5 |
|
2011
|
139,869 |
6,880 |
3,496 |
50.8 |
3,384 |
4.9 |
5.3 |
4.6 |
|
2012
|
142,469 |
6,943 |
3,495 |
50.3 |
3,448 |
4.9 |
5.2 |
4.6 |
|
2013
|
143,929 |
7,002 |
3,517 |
50.2 |
3,486 |
4.9 |
5.2 |
4.6 |
|
2014
|
146,305 |
7,146 |
3,636 |
50.9 |
3,511 |
4.9 |
5.3 |
4.5 |
|
2015
|
148,834 |
7,262 |
3,692 |
50.8 |
3,571 |
4.9 |
5.3 |
4.5 |
|
2016
|
151,436 |
7,531 |
3,887 |
51.6 |
3,645 |
5.0 |
5.5 |
4.5 |
Table 33. Unincorporated self-employed people in nonagricultural industries, by gender, 1976–2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Year |
Total |
Women |
Men |
Self-employed women as percentage of total self-employed |
| Total employed |
Self-employed |
Self-employed as a percentage of total |
Total employed |
Self-employed |
Self-employed as a percentage of total |
Total employed |
Self-employed |
Self-employed as a percentage of total |
|
1976
|
85,421 |
5,782 |
6.8 |
35,027 |
1,549 |
4.4 |
50,394 |
4,233 |
8.4 |
26.8 |
|
1977
|
88,734 |
6,115 |
6.9 |
36,677 |
1,692 |
4.6 |
52,057 |
4,423 |
8.5 |
27.7 |
|
1978
|
92,661 |
6,428 |
6.9 |
38,900 |
1,814 |
4.7 |
53,761 |
4,614 |
8.6 |
28.2 |
|
1979
|
95,477 |
6,792 |
7.1 |
40,556 |
1,982 |
4.9 |
54,921 |
4,810 |
8.8 |
29.2 |
|
1980
|
95,938 |
7,001 |
7.3 |
41,461 |
2,097 |
5.1 |
54,477 |
4,904 |
9.0 |
30.0 |
|
1981
|
97,030 |
7,097 |
7.3 |
42,333 |
2,192 |
5.2 |
54,697 |
4,905 |
9.0 |
30.9 |
|
1982
|
96,125 |
7,263 |
7.6 |
42,591 |
2,309 |
5.4 |
53,534 |
4,954 |
9.3 |
31.8 |
|
1983
|
97,450 |
7,575 |
7.8 |
43,367 |
2,439 |
5.6 |
54,083 |
5,136 |
9.5 |
32.2 |
|
1984
|
101,685 |
7,785 |
7.7 |
45,262 |
2,566 |
5.7 |
56,423 |
5,219 |
9.2 |
33.0 |
|
1985
|
103,971 |
7,810 |
7.5 |
46,615 |
2,603 |
5.6 |
57,356 |
5,207 |
9.1 |
33.3 |
|
1986
|
106,435 |
7,881 |
7.4 |
48,054 |
2,610 |
5.4 |
58,381 |
5,271 |
9.0 |
33.1 |
|
1987
|
109,232 |
8,201 |
7.5 |
49,668 |
2,778 |
5.6 |
59,564 |
5,423 |
9.1 |
33.9 |
|
1988
|
111,800 |
8,519 |
7.6 |
51,020 |
2,955 |
5.8 |
60,780 |
5,564 |
9.2 |
34.7 |
|
1989
|
114,143 |
8,605 |
7.5 |
52,341 |
3,043 |
5.8 |
61,802 |
5,562 |
9.0 |
35.4 |
|
1990
|
115,570 |
8,719 |
7.5 |
53,011 |
3,122 |
5.9 |
62,559 |
5,597 |
8.9 |
35.8 |
|
1991
|
114,449 |
8,850 |
7.7 |
52,815 |
3,150 |
6.0 |
61,634 |
5,700 |
9.2 |
35.6 |
|
1992
|
115,246 |
8,576 |
7.4 |
53,380 |
2,963 |
5.6 |
61,866 |
5,613 |
9.1 |
34.5 |
|
1993
|
117,144 |
8,959 |
7.6 |
54,273 |
3,065 |
5.6 |
62,871 |
5,894 |
9.4 |
34.2 |
|
1994
|
119,651 |
9,003 |
7.5 |
55,755 |
3,443 |
6.2 |
63,896 |
5,560 |
8.7 |
38.2 |
|
1995
|
121,460 |
8,901 |
7.3 |
56,642 |
3,440 |
6.1 |
64,818 |
5,461 |
8.4 |
38.6 |
|
1996
|
123,264 |
8,971 |
7.3 |
57,630 |
3,506 |
6.1 |
65,634 |
5,465 |
8.3 |
39.1 |
|
1997
|
126,159 |
9,056 |
7.2 |
59,026 |
3,550 |
6.0 |
67,133 |
5,506 |
8.2 |
39.2 |
|
1998
|
128,085 |
8,962 |
7.0 |
59,945 |
3,482 |
5.8 |
68,140 |
5,480 |
8.0 |
38.9 |
|
1999
|
130,207 |
8,790 |
6.8 |
61,193 |
3,424 |
5.6 |
69,014 |
5,366 |
7.8 |
39.0 |
|
2000
|
134,427 |
9,205 |
6.8 |
62,983 |
3,631 |
5.8 |
71,444 |
5,573 |
7.8 |
39.4 |
|
2001
|
134,635 |
9,121 |
6.8 |
63,147 |
3,594 |
5.7 |
71,488 |
5,527 |
7.7 |
39.4 |
|
2002
|
134,174 |
8,923 |
6.7 |
62,995 |
3,499 |
5.6 |
71,179 |
5,425 |
7.6 |
39.2 |
|
2003
|
135,461 |
9,344 |
6.9 |
63,824 |
3,609 |
5.7 |
71,636 |
5,736 |
8.0 |
38.6 |
|
2004
|
137,020 |
9,467 |
6.9 |
64,182 |
3,607 |
5.6 |
72,838 |
5,860 |
8.0 |
38.1 |
|
2005
|
139,532 |
9,509 |
6.8 |
65,213 |
3,565 |
5.5 |
74,319 |
5,944 |
8.0 |
37.5 |
|
2006
|
142,221 |
9,685 |
6.8 |
66,382 |
3,681 |
5.5 |
75,838 |
6,004 |
7.9 |
38.0 |
|
2007
|
143,952 |
9,557 |
6.6 |
67,302 |
3,637 |
5.4 |
76,650 |
5,920 |
7.7 |
38.1 |
|
2008
|
143,194 |
9,219 |
6.4 |
67,358 |
3,483 |
5.2 |
75,836 |
5,736 |
7.6 |
37.8 |
|
2009
|
137,775 |
8,995 |
6.5 |
65,712 |
3,468 |
5.3 |
72,062 |
5,527 |
7.7 |
38.6 |
|
2010
|
136,858 |
8,860 |
6.5 |
65,164 |
3,388 |
5.2 |
71,694 |
5,472 |
7.6 |
38.2 |
|
2011
|
137,615 |
8,603 |
6.3 |
65,023 |
3,341 |
5.1 |
72,592 |
5,262 |
7.2 |
38.8 |
|
2012
|
140,283 |
8,749 |
6.2 |
66,353 |
3,483 |
5.2 |
73,930 |
5,266 |
7.1 |
39.8 |
|
2013
|
141,799 |
8,619 |
6.1 |
67,058 |
3,508 |
5.2 |
74,742 |
5,111 |
6.8 |
40.7 |
|
2014
|
144,068 |
8,602 |
6.0 |
68,061 |
3,444 |
5.1 |
76,007 |
5,158 |
6.8 |
40.0 |
|
2015
|
146,411 |
8,665 |
5.9 |
69,106 |
3,396 |
4.9 |
77,305 |
5,269 |
6.8 |
39.2 |
|
2016
|
148,976 |
8,751 |
5.9 |
70,247 |
3,385 |
4.8 |
78,729 |
5,366 |
6.8 |
38.7 |
Table 34. Employment status of the native-born and foreign-born civilian noninstitutional population, by age and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Native- or foreign-born status, age, and gender |
Civilian noninstitutional population |
Civilian labor force |
Not in labor force |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Employed |
Unemployed |
| Total |
Percentage of population |
Total |
Percentage of labor force |
|
Total
|
|
|
Native born 16 years and older(1)
|
212,217 |
132,236 |
62.3 |
125,657 |
59.2 |
6,580 |
5.0 |
79,980 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
34,733 |
19,316 |
55.6 |
17,266 |
49.7 |
2,050 |
10.6 |
15,416 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
35,762 |
29,683 |
83.0 |
28,133 |
78.7 |
1,550 |
5.2 |
6,079 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
30,599 |
25,560 |
83.5 |
24,572 |
80.3 |
988 |
3.9 |
5,039 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
34,028 |
27,219 |
80.0 |
26,289 |
77.3 |
929 |
3.4 |
6,809 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
35,289 |
22,422 |
63.5 |
21,661 |
61.4 |
761 |
3.4 |
12,867 |
|
65 years and older
|
41,807 |
8,036 |
19.2 |
7,736 |
18.5 |
300 |
3.7 |
33,770 |
|
Foreign born 16 years and older(2)
|
41,321 |
26,951 |
65.2 |
25,779 |
62.4 |
1,172 |
4.3 |
14,370 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
3,702 |
1,886 |
50.9 |
1,726 |
46.6 |
160 |
8.5 |
1,816 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
7,785 |
5,836 |
75.0 |
5,589 |
71.8 |
247 |
4.2 |
1,948 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
9,218 |
7,259 |
78.8 |
6,990 |
75.8 |
269 |
3.7 |
1,958 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
8,369 |
6,690 |
79.9 |
6,430 |
76.8 |
259 |
3.9 |
1,680 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
6,019 |
4,044 |
67.2 |
3,863 |
64.2 |
180 |
4.5 |
1,975 |
|
65 years and older
|
6,228 |
1,235 |
19.8 |
1,180 |
18.9 |
55 |
4.5 |
4,993 |
|
Women
|
|
|
Native born 16 years and older(1)
|
109,776 |
63,076 |
57.5 |
60,096 |
54.7 |
2,981 |
4.7 |
46,700 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
17,276 |
9,458 |
54.7 |
8,576 |
49.6 |
882 |
9.3 |
7,818 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
18,142 |
14,089 |
77.7 |
13,383 |
73.8 |
707 |
5.0 |
4,052 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
15,611 |
12,115 |
77.6 |
11,647 |
74.6 |
468 |
3.9 |
3,496 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
17,399 |
13,068 |
75.1 |
12,623 |
72.6 |
445 |
3.4 |
4,330 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
18,312 |
10,733 |
58.6 |
10,400 |
56.8 |
333 |
3.1 |
7,579 |
|
65 years and older
|
23,037 |
3,612 |
15.7 |
3,467 |
15.0 |
145 |
4.0 |
19,425 |
|
Foreign born 16 years and older(2)
|
21,264 |
11,356 |
53.4 |
10,772 |
50.7 |
584 |
5.1 |
9,908 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
1,787 |
796 |
44.5 |
719 |
40.3 |
76 |
9.6 |
991 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
3,835 |
2,279 |
59.4 |
2,154 |
56.2 |
125 |
5.5 |
1,555 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
4,692 |
3,019 |
64.3 |
2,873 |
61.2 |
146 |
4.8 |
1,673 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
4,272 |
2,951 |
69.1 |
2,810 |
65.8 |
141 |
4.8 |
1,321 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
3,129 |
1,794 |
57.3 |
1,714 |
54.8 |
80 |
4.4 |
1,335 |
|
65 years and older
|
3,550 |
518 |
14.6 |
502 |
14.1 |
16 |
3.2 |
3,032 |
|
Men
|
|
|
Native born 16 years and older(1)
|
102,441 |
69,160 |
67.5 |
65,561 |
64.0 |
3,599 |
5.2 |
33,280 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
17,457 |
9,859 |
56.5 |
8,690 |
49.8 |
1,169 |
11.9 |
7,598 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
17,620 |
15,594 |
88.5 |
14,750 |
83.7 |
844 |
5.4 |
2,027 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
14,987 |
13,445 |
89.7 |
12,925 |
86.2 |
520 |
3.9 |
1,543 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
16,629
|
14,151
|
85.1
|
13,667
|
82.2
|
484
|
3.4
|
2,479
|
|
55 to 64 years
|
16,977 |
11,688 |
68.8 |
11,261 |
66.3 |
428 |
3.7 |
5,289 |
|
65 years and older
|
18,770 |
4,424 |
23.6 |
4,269 |
22.7 |
155 |
3.5 |
14,345 |
|
Foreign born 16 years and older(2)
|
20,057 |
15,595 |
77.8 |
15,007 |
74.8 |
588 |
3.8 |
4,462 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
1,915 |
1,091 |
57.0 |
1,006 |
52.5 |
84 |
7.7 |
824 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
3,950 |
3,557 |
90.1 |
3,435 |
87.0 |
122 |
3.4 |
393 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
4,526 |
4,241 |
93.7 |
4,117 |
91.0 |
124 |
2.9 |
285 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
4,098 |
3,739 |
91.2 |
3,621 |
88.4 |
118 |
3.2 |
359 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
2,890 |
2,250 |
77.9 |
2,149 |
74.4 |
101 |
4.5 |
640 |
|
65 years and older
|
2,678 |
717 |
26.8 |
679 |
25.3 |
39 |
5.4 |
1,961 |
Table 35. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers, by gender, 1983–2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Year |
Total |
Women |
Men |
| Total Employed |
Members of unions(1) |
Represented by unions(2) |
Total Employed |
Members of unions(1) |
Represented by unions(2) |
Total Employed |
Members of unions(1) |
Represented by unions(2) |
| Total |
Percentage of employed |
Total |
Percentage of employed |
Total |
Percentage of employed |
Total |
Percentage of employed |
Total |
Percentage of employed |
Total |
Percentage of employed |
|
1983
|
88,290 |
17,717 |
20.1 |
20,532 |
23.3 |
40,433 |
5,908 |
14.6 |
7,262 |
18.0 |
47,856 |
11,809 |
24.7 |
13,270 |
27.7 |
|
1984
|
92,194 |
17,340 |
18.8 |
19,932 |
21.6 |
42,172 |
5,829 |
13.8 |
7,100 |
16.8 |
50,022 |
11,511 |
23.0 |
12,832 |
25.7 |
|
1985
|
94,521 |
16,996 |
18.0 |
19,358 |
20.5 |
43,506 |
5,732 |
13.2 |
6,910 |
15.9 |
51,015 |
11,264 |
22.1 |
12,448 |
24.4 |
|
1986
|
96,903 |
16,975 |
17.5 |
19,278 |
19.9 |
44,961 |
5,802 |
12.9 |
6,961 |
15.5 |
51,942 |
11,173 |
21.5 |
12,317 |
23.7 |
|
1987
|
99,303 |
16,913 |
17.0 |
19,051 |
19.2 |
46,365 |
5,842 |
12.6 |
6,907 |
14.9 |
52,938 |
11,071 |
20.9 |
12,144 |
22.9 |
|
1988
|
101,407 |
17,002 |
16.8 |
19,241 |
19.0 |
47,495 |
5,982 |
12.6 |
7,109 |
15.0 |
53,912 |
11,019 |
20.4 |
12,132 |
22.5 |
|
1989
|
103,480 |
16,960 |
16.4 |
19,198 |
18.6 |
48,691 |
6,141 |
12.6 |
7,243 |
14.9 |
54,789 |
10,820 |
19.7 |
11,955 |
21.8 |
|
1990
|
104,876 |
16,776 |
16.0 |
19,105 |
18.2 |
49,323 |
6,179 |
12.5 |
7,330 |
14.9 |
55,553 |
10,597 |
19.1 |
11,775 |
21.2 |
|
1991
|
103,723 |
16,612 |
16.0 |
18,790 |
18.1 |
49,105 |
6,142 |
12.5 |
7,247 |
14.8 |
54,618 |
10,470 |
19.2 |
11,542 |
21.1 |
|
1992
|
104,668 |
16,418 |
15.7 |
18,578 |
17.7 |
49,842 |
6,274 |
12.6 |
7,411 |
14.9 |
54,826 |
10,144 |
18.5 |
11,167 |
20.4 |
|
1993
|
106,101 |
16,627 |
15.7 |
18,682 |
17.6 |
50,626 |
6,516 |
12.9 |
7,610 |
15.0 |
55,475 |
10,112 |
18.2 |
11,072 |
20.0 |
|
1994
|
107,989 |
16,748 |
15.5 |
18,850 |
17.5 |
51,419 |
6,642 |
12.9 |
7,740 |
15.1 |
56,570 |
10,106 |
17.9 |
11,110 |
19.6 |
|
1995
|
110,038 |
16,360 |
14.9 |
18,346 |
16.7 |
52,369 |
6,430 |
12.3 |
7,479 |
14.3 |
57,669 |
9,929 |
17.2 |
10,868 |
18.8 |
|
1996
|
111,960 |
16,269 |
14.5 |
18,158 |
16.2 |
53,488 |
6,410 |
12.0 |
7,397 |
13.8 |
58,473 |
9,859 |
16.9 |
10,761 |
18.4 |
|
1997
|
114,533 |
16,110 |
14.1 |
17,923 |
15.6 |
54,708 |
6,347 |
11.6 |
7,304 |
13.4 |
59,825 |
9,763 |
16.3 |
10,619 |
17.7 |
|
1998
|
116,730 |
16,211 |
13.9 |
17,918 |
15.4 |
55,757 |
6,362 |
11.4 |
7,280 |
13.1 |
60,973 |
9,850 |
16.2 |
10,638 |
17.4 |
|
1999
|
118,963 |
16,477 |
13.9 |
18,182 |
15.3 |
57,050 |
6,528 |
11.4 |
7,425 |
13.0 |
61,914 |
9,949 |
16.1 |
10,758 |
17.4 |
|
2000
|
122,089 |
16,334 |
13.4 |
18,153 |
14.9 |
58,427 |
6,671 |
11.4 |
7,662 |
13.1 |
63,662 |
9,664 |
15.2 |
10,491 |
16.5 |
|
2001
|
122,229 |
16,305 |
13.3 |
18,026 |
14.7 |
58,582 |
6,768 |
11.6 |
7,672 |
13.1 |
63,647 |
9,538 |
15.0 |
10,354 |
16.3 |
|
2002
|
121,826 |
16,145 |
13.3 |
17,695 |
14.5 |
58,555 |
6,820 |
11.6 |
7,629 |
13.0 |
63,272 |
9,325 |
14.7 |
10,066 |
15.9 |
|
2003
|
122,358 |
15,776 |
12.9 |
17,448 |
14.3 |
59,122 |
6,732 |
11.4 |
7,601 |
12.9 |
63,236 |
9,044 |
14.3 |
9,848 |
15.6 |
|
2004
|
123,554 |
15,472 |
12.5 |
17,087 |
13.8 |
59,408 |
6,593 |
11.1 |
7,450 |
12.5 |
64,145 |
8,878 |
13.8 |
9,638 |
15.0 |
|
2005
|
125,889 |
15,685 |
12.5 |
17,223 |
13.7 |
60,423 |
6,815 |
11.3 |
7,626 |
12.6 |
65,466 |
8,870 |
13.5 |
9,597 |
14.7 |
|
2006
|
128,237 |
15,359 |
12.0 |
16,860 |
13.1 |
61,426 |
6,702 |
10.9 |
7,501 |
12.2 |
66,811 |
8,657 |
13.0 |
9,360 |
14.0 |
|
2007
|
129,767 |
15,670 |
12.1 |
17,243 |
13.3 |
62,299 |
6,903 |
11.1 |
7,749 |
12.4 |
67,468 |
8,767 |
13.0 |
9,494 |
14.1 |
|
2008
|
129,377 |
16,098 |
12.4 |
17,761 |
13.7 |
62,532 |
7,160 |
11.4 |
8,036 |
12.9 |
66,846 |
8,938 |
13.4 |
9,724 |
14.5 |
|
2009
|
124,490 |
15,327 |
12.3 |
16,904 |
13.6 |
60,951 |
6,887 |
11.3 |
7,727 |
12.7 |
63,539 |
8,441 |
13.3 |
9,176 |
14.4 |
|
2010
|
124,073 |
14,715 |
11.9 |
16,290 |
13.1 |
60,542 |
6,722 |
11.1 |
7,528 |
12.4 |
63,531 |
7,994 |
12.6 |
8,761 |
13.8 |
|
2011
|
125,187 |
14,764 |
11.8 |
16,290 |
13.0 |
60,502 |
6,758 |
11.2 |
7,558 |
12.5 |
64,686 |
8,006 |
12.4 |
8,731 |
13.5 |
|
2012
|
127,577 |
14,366 |
11.3 |
15,922 |
12.5 |
61,679 |
6,470 |
10.5 |
7,311 |
11.9 |
65,898 |
7,895 |
12.0 |
8,611 |
13.1 |
|
2013
|
129,110 |
14,528 |
11.3 |
16,028 |
12.4 |
62,316 |
6,573 |
10.5 |
7,340 |
11.8 |
66,794 |
7,955 |
11.9 |
8,688 |
13.0 |
|
2014
|
131,431 |
14,576 |
11.1 |
16,152 |
12.3 |
63,383 |
6,638 |
10.5 |
7,434 |
11.7 |
68,048 |
7,939 |
11.7 |
8,717 |
12.8 |
|
2015
|
133,743 |
14,795 |
11.1 |
16,441 |
12.3 |
64,445 |
6,833 |
10.6 |
7,681 |
11.9 |
69,298 |
7,963 |
11.5 |
8,760 |
12.6 |
|
2016
|
136,101 |
14,555 |
10.7 |
16,271 |
12.0 |
65,512 |
6,667 |
10.2 |
7,567 |
11.6 |
70,589 |
7,888 |
11.2 |
8,704 |
12.3 |
Table 36. Employment status of people, 18 years and older, by veteran status, period of service, and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Veteran status, employment status, and period of service |
Total |
Women |
Men |
Women as a percentage of total |
|
Total veterans
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
20,895 |
2,014 |
18,881 |
9.6 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
10,581 |
1,247 |
9,334 |
11.8 |
|
Participation rate
|
50.6 |
61.9 |
49.4 |
|
|
Employed
|
10,129 |
1,184 |
8,944 |
11.7 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
48.5 |
58.8 |
47.4 |
|
|
Unemployed
|
453 |
63 |
390 |
13.9 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
4.3 |
5.0 |
4.2 |
|
|
Not in labor force
|
10,314 |
767 |
9,547 |
7.4 |
|
Gulf War-era II veterans
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
3,896 |
689 |
3,207 |
17.7 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
3,174 |
508 |
2,666 |
16.0 |
|
Participation rate
|
81.5 |
73.7 |
83.1 |
|
|
Employed
|
3,013 |
480 |
2,533 |
15.9 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
77.3 |
69.6 |
79.0 |
|
|
Unemployed
|
161 |
28 |
133 |
17.4 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
5.1 |
5.6 |
5.0 |
|
|
Not in labor force
|
722 |
181 |
541 |
25.1 |
|
Gulf War-era I veterans
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
3,354 |
509 |
2,845 |
15.2 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
2,695 |
379 |
2,315 |
14.1 |
|
Participation rate
|
80.4 |
74.6 |
81.4 |
|
|
Employed
|
2,597 |
364 |
2,233 |
14.0 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
77.4 |
71.5 |
78.5 |
|
|
Unemployed
|
98 |
16 |
82 |
16.3 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
3.6 |
4.2 |
3.5 |
|
|
Not in labor force
|
659 |
129 |
530 |
19.6 |
|
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
8,490 |
304 |
8,186 |
3.6 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
2,108 |
75 |
2,033 |
3.6 |
|
Participation rate
|
24.8 |
24.6 |
24.8 |
|
|
Employed
|
2,025 |
70 |
1,955 |
3.5 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
23.8 |
23.1 |
23.9 |
|
|
Unemployed
|
83 |
5 |
78 |
6.0 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
3.9 |
6.4 |
3.9 |
|
|
Not in labor force
|
6,382 |
229 |
6,153 |
3.6 |
|
Veterans of other service periods
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
5,156 |
512 |
4,644 |
9.9 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
2,604 |
285 |
2,320 |
10.9 |
|
Participation rate
|
50.5 |
55.6 |
50.0 |
|
|
Employed
|
2,494 |
271 |
2,224 |
10.9 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
48.4 |
52.9 |
47.9 |
|
|
Unemployed
|
110 |
14 |
96 |
12.7 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
4.2 |
4.9 |
4.1 |
|
|
Not in labor force
|
2,551 |
227 |
2,324 |
8.9 |
|
Nonveterans
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
223,649 |
124,541 |
99,107 |
55.7 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
146,479 |
72,086 |
74,393 |
49.2 |
|
Participation rate
|
65.5 |
57.9 |
75.1 |
|
|
Employed
|
139,560 |
68,761 |
70,799 |
49.3 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
62.4 |
55.2 |
71.4 |
|
|
Unemployed
|
6,919 |
3,325 |
3,594 |
48.1 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
4.7 |
4.6 |
4.8 |
|
|
Not in labor force
|
77,170 |
52,455 |
24,714 |
68.0 |
Table 37. Employment and disability status of people, by gender and age, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)
| Disability status, employment status, and age |
Total |
Women |
Men |
|
Total persons with a disability
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
29,971 |
16,073 |
13,898 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
6,005 |
2,710 |
3,295 |
|
Participation rate
|
20.0 |
16.9 |
23.7 |
|
Employed
|
5,372 |
2,411 |
2,961 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
17.9 |
15.0 |
21.3 |
|
Unemployed
|
633 |
299 |
334 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
10.5 |
11.0 |
10.1 |
|
Not in labor force
|
23,965 |
13,363 |
10,603 |
|
16 to 64 years
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
15,746 |
7,995 |
7,751 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
4,919 |
2,266 |
2,653 |
|
Participation rate
|
31.2 |
28.3 |
34.2 |
|
Employed
|
4,356 |
2,000 |
2,356 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
27.7 |
25.0 |
30.4 |
|
Unemployed
|
564 |
266 |
298 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
11.5 |
11.7 |
11.2 |
|
Not in labor force
|
10,827 |
5,730 |
5,097 |
|
65 years and older
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
14,225 |
8,077 |
6,148 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
1,086 |
444 |
642 |
|
Participation rate
|
7.6 |
5.5 |
10.4 |
|
Employed
|
1,016 |
411 |
605 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
7.1 |
5.1 |
9.8 |
|
Unemployed
|
70 |
33 |
37 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
6.4 |
7.4 |
5.7 |
|
Not in labor force
|
13,139 |
7,633 |
5,506 |
|
Total persons without a disability
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
223,567 |
114,968 |
108,599 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
153,182 |
71,722 |
81,459 |
|
Participation rate
|
68.5 |
62.4 |
75.0 |
|
Employed
|
146,064 |
68,457 |
77,607 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
65.3 |
59.5 |
71.5 |
|
Unemployed
|
7,118 |
3,266 |
3,852 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
4.6 |
4.6 |
4.7 |
|
Not in labor force
|
70,385 |
43,245 |
27,140 |
|
16 to 64 years
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
189,757 |
96,458 |
93,299 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
144,996 |
68,036 |
76,960 |
|
Participation rate
|
76.4 |
70.5 |
82.5 |
|
Employed
|
138,164 |
64,899 |
73,264 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
72.8 |
67.3 |
78.5 |
|
Unemployed
|
6,832 |
3,137 |
3,696 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
4.7 |
4.6 |
4.8 |
|
Not in labor force
|
44,761 |
28,422 |
16,339 |
|
65 years and older
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population
|
33,810 |
18,510 |
15,300 |
|
Civilian labor force
|
8,185 |
3,686 |
4,499 |
|
Participation rate
|
24.2 |
19.9 |
29.4 |
|
Employed
|
7,900 |
3,557 |
4,343 |
|
Employment-population ratio
|
23.4 |
19.2 |
28.4 |
|
Unemployed
|
285 |
129 |
157 |
|
Unemployment rate
|
3.5 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
|
Not in labor force
|
25,624 |
14,824 |
10,801 |
Technical Notes
The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 eligible households that provides a wide range of information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau, using a scientifically selected national sample with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Material in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission. Upon request, this information is available to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Concepts and definitions
Children. Children are sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children living in the household who are under age 18. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, other related and unrelated children, and children not living in the household.
Civilian labor force. This group comprises all people classified as employed or unemployed.
Civilian labor force participation rate. This rate is the civilian labor force as a percentage of the civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are people 16 years of age and older residing in any of the 50 states or the District of Columbia who are not confined to institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons, and who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Disability. The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify people with disabilities. The questions are about physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause serious difficulty with daily activities. People are classified as having a disability if there is a response of “yes” to any of these questions. For each of the questions, interviewers ask the respondent whether anyone in the household has the condition described, and if the respondent replies “yes,” he or she is then asked to identify everyone in the household who has the condition. More information, including the wording of the six questions used to identify people with a disability, is available at www.bls.gov/cps/demographics.htm#disability.
Displaced workers. Displaced workers are wage and salary workers 20 years of age and older who lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. Data are presented for long-tenured displaced workers—those who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the time of displacement. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Data are collected through a biennial supplement to the January CPS.
Employed people. Employed people are all those who, during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own business, in a profession, or on their own farm; or (c) worked 15 or more hours as unpaid workers in a family member’s business. People who were temporarily absent from their jobs or business because of illness, vacation, a labor dispute, or another reason also are counted as employed.
Employment-population ratio. This ratio is the number of employed as a percentage of the population.
Family. A family is a group of two or more people residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption.
In the survey process, a “householder” is designated for each family. The householder is the person, or one of the people, in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The relationship of other individuals in the household is defined in terms of their relationship to the householder.
Families include those with and without children under 18 years. Families are further categorized as follows:
- Married-couple families refer to opposite-sex married couples residing together and any of their family members residing in the household.
- Families maintained by women or men are made up of householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. The household may or may not include a same-sex spouse or an unmarried domestic partner of either sex.
In this report, the count of families is for “primary” families only. A primary family consists of a householder and all other people related to and residing with the householder. Sub-families are excluded from the count of families. A sub-family is a family that does not maintain their own household, for example, a married couple living in the home of a friend and their family. In this example, the report would include only one family (the householder’s or primary family), not two.
Foreign born. The foreign born are people residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas (such as Puerto Rico or Guam) to parents who were not U.S. citizens. The foreign-born population includes legally admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. The survey data, however, do not separately identify the number of people in these categories. The native born are people born in the United States or one of its outlying areas or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. This refers to people who identified themselves in the enumeration process as being Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Information on the 2003 changes in questions on race and Hispanic ethnicity in 2003 is available at https://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf.
Hours at work. These are the actual hours worked (at all jobs) during the survey reference week, which is generally the week containing the 12th of the month. For example, people who normally work 40 hours a week but were off for 8 hours during the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even if they were paid for the holiday. (See related information on usual full- or part-time status.)
Minimum wage. The estimates of the number of workers with earnings at or below the federal minimum wage pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other workers who are not paid by the hour are not included, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the minimum wage. Consequently, the estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below the federal minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because of data quality concerns associated with such an estimation process.
The prevailing federal minimum wage is $7.25, effective July 24, 2009. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), because there are a number of exemptions to the minimum-wage provisions of the law. In addition, some workers might have rounded their hourly earnings in response to survey questions. As a result, some might have reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage when, in fact, they earned the minimum wage or higher.
A number of states have established minimum wage rates that exceed the federal level. (Information on state minimum wage laws is available at www.dol.gov/whd/minwage/america.htm.) Users should be cautious about comparing state estimates in this report because of differing statutory minimum wages. It also should be noted that the CPS sample is based on residence, that is, where workers live, which may or may not be located in the same state in which they work. In addition, the degree of sampling error may be quite large for some state estimates.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all people in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed.
Occupation and industry. Occupation refers to the type of job or work that a person does, and industry refers to the business activity of a person’s employer or company. People with two or more jobs are classified as being in the occupation and industry in which they worked the greatest number of hours. The CPS uses the Census occupational classification, based on the 2010 Standard Occupation Classification (SOC), and the 2012 Census industry classification, derived from the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Additional information about these classifications is available online at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsoccind.htm.
Race. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. Those who identify multiple race groups are categorized as people of two or more races. More information on the 2003 changes to questions on race is available at www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf. Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of two or more races are included in totals but not separately identified in this report.
Self-employed workers. Self-employed workers are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, in a profession, in a trade, or on a farm. The unincorporated self-employed are included in the self-employed category. Self-employed people whose businesses are incorporated are included with wage and salary workers, unless otherwise specified.
Tenure. Employee tenure is a measure of how long wage and salary workers had been with their current employer at the time of the survey. Tenure is presented in median years; the median is the point at which half of all workers had more tenure and half had less. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. The data are collected through a biennial supplement to the January CPS.
Unemployed. The unemployed are people who had no employment during the survey reference week, were available for work (except in the case of temporary illness), and had made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the survey reference week. People on temporary layoff do not need to look for work to be classified as unemployed.
Unemployment rate. This rate is the number of unemployed people as a percentage of the civilian labor force.
Union membership. Union membership refers to members of a labor union or of an employee association similar to a union. The data are tabulated from one-quarter of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses.
Usual full- or part-time status. To differentiate a person’s normal schedule from his or her activity during the survey reference week, people are classified as either full- or part-time workers based on the number of hours they usually work per week, regardless of the number of hours worked in the reference week. Full-time workers are those who usually work 35 or more hours per week (at all jobs combined). Part-time workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs).
Usual weekly earnings. Data on usual weekly earnings represent earnings before taxes and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, and tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly (for example, annual, monthly, or hourly) are converted to weekly. The term “usual” is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as “more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.” Data refer to the sole or primary job of wage and salary workers (excluding all self-employed people, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated) and are tabulated from one-quarter of the CPS monthly sample.
Earnings estimates are presented as median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers. The median is the point at which half of all workers had higher earnings and half had lower earnings.
Veterans. Veterans are men and women 18 years or older who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. People who are on active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here. Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, “Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?”
Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in the private and the public sectors. This group also generally includes the incorporated self-employed, because, legally, they are paid employees of a corporation. (Data on union membership, earnings, tenure, and displacement of wage and salary workers exclude all self-employed workers, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses.)
Work experience. These data reflect work activity during the calendar year and are obtained from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS. Estimates of people who worked are based on “yes” responses to the following questions in the ASEC: “Did you work at a job or business at any time during [the survey reference year]?” or “Did you do any temporary, part-time, or seasonal work even for a few days during [the survey reference year]?” Because the reference period is a full year, the number of people with some employment exceeds the average levels for any given month, which are based on a 1-week reference period, and the corresponding annual averages of monthly estimates.
Workers paid by the hour. These are wage and salary workers paid at an hourly rate on their main job. Historically, workers paid an hourly wage have made up approximately three-fifths of all wage and salary workers.
Working poor. The working poor are people who spent at least 27 weeks in the labor force (that is, working or looking for work) but whose incomes still fell below the official poverty level.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
All other types of error are referred to as nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of data. Information on the reliability of data from the CPS and on estimating standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
United States Department of Labor
