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In 2016, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median usual weekly earnings that were 82 percent of those of male full-time wage and salary workers. In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings data are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s. Most of the growth in women’s earnings relative to men’s occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. Since 2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has remained in the 80 to 83 percent range. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.)
This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The weekly and hourly earnings estimates in this report reflect information collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and averaged for the calendar year. These data are distinct from the annual earnings estimates for full-time, year-round workers collected separately in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS and published by the U.S. Census Bureau.
The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be significant in explaining earnings differences, such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. The earnings estimates referenced throughout this report are medians. The median is the mid-point in the earnings distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median level and half having earnings below.
See the accompanying technical notes section for more information, including a description of the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and definitions used in this report.
Below are data highlights for women and men who usually work full time (35 hours or more per week) in wage and salary jobs, with sections focusing on characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity, education, occupation, and more.
In 2016, median weekly earnings were $749 for all women age 16 and older. For men 16 and older, median weekly earnings were $915. Women’s median weekly earnings were highest for those between the ages of 35 and 54, with 35- to 44-year-olds ($839) and 45- to 54-year-olds ($836) earning about the same. For men, earnings were highest for 45- to 54-year-olds ($1,075) and 55- to 64-year-olds ($1,102). Young women and men age 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings ($486 and $512, respectively). (See chart 2 and table 1.)
In 2016, women’s earnings ranged from 74 to 83 percent of men’s among workers age 35 and older. For those under age 35, the earnings differences between women and men were smaller, with women earning 89 to 96 percent of what men did. (See table 1.)
Between 1979 and 2016, women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios rose for most age groups, particularly in the prime working ages from 25 to 54. Among 25- to 34-year-olds, the ratio increased from 68 percent in 1979 to 89 percent in 2016; the ratio for 35- to 44-year-olds rose from 58 to 83 percent; and the ratio for 45- to 54-year-olds, from 57 to 78 percent. For workers age 55 to 64, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio rose from 61 to 74 percent over this period. For young workers age 16 to 24, the earnings ratio increased from 79 to 95 percent between 1979 and 2016, with the gains occurring primarily in the 1980s. (See table 12.)
Asian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2016. Among women, Whites ($766) earned 85 percent as much as Asians ($902); Blacks ($641) earned 71 percent, and Hispanics ($586) earned 65 percent. In comparison, White men ($942) earned 82 percent as much as Asian men ($1,151); Black men ($718) earned 62 percent as much; and Hispanic men ($663), 58 percent. (See chart 3 and table 1.)
Earnings differences between women and men were the most pronounced for Asians and for Whites. Asian women earned 78 percent as much as Asian men in 2016, and White women earned 81 percent as much as their male counterparts. In comparison, Black women had median earnings that were 89 percent of Black men’s, and Hispanic women’s earnings were 88 percent of Hispanic men’s. (See table 1.)
Women’s earnings have increased considerably among the major race and Hispanic ethnicity groups since 1979 (the first year for which comparable data for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics are available), with White women experiencing the greatest earnings growth. From 1979 to 2016, inflation-adjusted earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings) increased by 35 percent for White women, by 23 percent for Black women, and by 21 percent for Hispanic women. For White and Black women, earnings growth tapered off around 2004. Earnings for Hispanic women, however, have continued to increase, although substantial earnings growth for them did not begin until the late 1990s. (See table 18.)
The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite different than that for women. Inflation-adjusted earnings for White and Black men trended down from 1979 through the first part of the 1990s, followed by a period of growth that stalled in the early 2000s. For Hispanic men, earnings also declined through the mid-1990s, then began to trend upward. Over the full period, 1979 through 2016, inflation-adjusted earnings for White, Black, and Hispanic men have changed little on net: a 2-percent gain for White and Black men, and a 2-percent decline for Hispanic men. (See table 18.)
Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Between 2000 and 2016, inflation-adjusted earnings grew by 18 percent for Asian women and by 21 percent for Asian men. (See table 18.)
Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma ($504) were 40 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher ($1,259) in 2016. For workers with a high school diploma who had not attended college, median earnings ($692) were 55 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher. Those with some college or an associate’s degree (median weekly earnings of $779) made 62 percent of what workers with a bachelor’s degree or more made. (See table 1.)
In each educational attainment category, the long-term trend in inflation-adjusted earnings has been more favorable for women than for men. Although both women and men without a high school diploma have experienced declines in inflation-adjusted earnings since 1979, the drop for women was much smaller than that for men: a 10-percent decrease for women, compared with a 29-percent decline for men. On an inflation-adjusted basis, earnings for women with a bachelor’s degree or higher have increased by 35 percent since 1979. Earnings for men with a bachelor’s degree or higher have risen by 20 percent. (Data refer to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 19.)
Women and men working full time in management, business, and financial operations occupations had higher median weekly earnings than workers in any other major occupational category in 2016 ($1,099 for women and $1,491 for men). Within management, business, and financial operations occupations, women who were chief executives ($1,876) and computer and information systems managers ($1,680) had the highest median weekly earnings in 2016. Among men, those who were chief executives ($2,419) and architectural and engineering managers ($2,265) earned the most. (See table 2.)
The second-highest paying occupational category for women and men was professional and related occupations ($998 for women and $1,364 for men). This is a broad occupational category made up of several distinct job groupings for specialized fields such as computer science and math, architecture and engineering, law, education, and healthcare. Within this diverse category, women who were pharmacists ($1,839) and nurse practitioners ($1,753) had the highest earnings in 2016. For men, those who were physicians and surgeons ($2,343), pharmacists ($2,096), and lawyers ($2,086) earned the most. (See table 2.)
The occupational distributions of female and male full-time workers differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively few women work in construction, production, or transportation occupations, and women are far more concentrated in office and administrative support jobs. (See chart 5 and table 2.)
Women also are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. In 2016, 30 percent of women worked in professional and related occupations, compared with 19 percent of men. Within the professional category, though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying jobs is much smaller than the proportion of men employed in them. In 2016, 10 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the relatively high-paying computer (median weekly earnings of $1,325 for women and $1,518 for men) and engineering ($1,207 for women and $1,529 for men) fields, compared with 46 percent of men. Women were more likely to work in education ($933 for women and $1,154 for men) and healthcare ($1,036 for women and $1,332 for men) jobs, which generally pay less than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-eight percent of women in professional occupations worked in education and healthcare jobs in 2016, compared with 30 percent of men. (See table 2.)
Across all occupational categories, the three most common jobs for women were elementary and middle school teacher ($981), registered nurse ($1,143), and secretary or administrative assistant ($708). Each of these occupations employed more than 2 million women in 2016, collectively representing 13 percent of women in full-time wage and salary jobs.
Among men, the most common job by far was truck driver (driver/sales workers and truck drivers, $787). In 2016, 2.7 million, or 4 percent, of all male full-wage and salary workers were truck drivers. Although engineering jobs are shown separately by specialty (civil, mechanical, etc.) in this report, if combined, engineer would be the second most common job for men. In 2016, a total of 1.9 million men were employed full time in the 16 designated engineering specialties (median weekly earnings ranging from $1,526 to $1,901). (See table 2.)
In 2016, a little more than one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. (As defined here, “children” includes only sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household.) Median weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 ($756) were little different from the earnings for women without children under 18 ($746). Earnings for fathers with children under 18 were $1,013, compared with $861 for men without children under 18. (See table 7.)
Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. (In this report, “state” refers to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and industries found in each state and differences in the demographic composition of each state’s labor force. In addition, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates. Thus, earnings comparisons between states should be made with caution. Readers also should note that the state estimates are based on workers’ state of residence; their reported earnings are not necessarily from a job located in the same state. (See table 3.)
Among full-time workers (that is, those usually working at a job 35 hours or more per week), men are more likely than women to have a longer workweek. In 2016, 26 percent of men who usually work full time worked 41 or more hours per week, compared with 14 percent of women. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 11 percent of women worked such hours in 2016, while 5 percent of men did. A majority of both male and female full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women earned 89 percent as much as men. (This analysis excludes people who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose hours vary.) (See table 5.)
Women are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or main job. Women who worked part time made up 25 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2016. In comparison, 12 percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.)
Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $255 in 2016, slightly higher than the $245 median for men. (See table 4.)
Part-time workers are more likely to be under age 25 than full-time workers. Among part-timers, 29 percent of women and 44 percent of men were under age 25 in 2016. Among full-time workers, 9 percent of women and 9 percent of men were under age 25. (See tables 1 and 4.)
In 2016, 62 percent of women and 56 percent of men in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour. Women who were paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $13.01, which were 87 percent of the median hourly earnings of men ($14.96). (See tables 8 and 11.)
Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2016, 3 percent of women and 2 percent of men had hourly earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See table 10.)
Among both women and men, hourly paid workers age 16 to 19 were the most likely to have earnings at or below the minimum wage. Ten percent of teenage workers who were paid hourly rates earned the prevailing federal minimum wage or less in 2016, compared with just 2 percent of hourly paid workers age 25 and older. Five percent of workers age 20 to 24 had earnings at or below the federal minimum wage. (See table 10.) See the technical notes section for information about BLS estimates of the number of minimum wage workers.
Characteristic | Total | Women | Men | Women's earnings as a percentage of men's | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | ||
Age |
||||||||||
Total, 16 years and older |
111,091 | $832 | $2 | 49,161 | $749 | $2 | 61,930 | $915 | $3 | 81.9 |
16 to 24 years |
10,076 | 501 | 2 | 4,430 | 486 | 3 | 5,646 | 512 | 3 | 94.9 |
16 to 19 years |
1,289 | 405 | 4 | 545 | 388 | 5 | 745 | 419 | 5 | 92.6 |
20 to 24 years |
8,786 | 513 | 2 | 3,885 | 500 | 3 | 4,901 | 523 | 4 | 95.6 |
25 years and older |
101,015 | 885 | 2 | 44,731 | 784 | 3 | 56,284 | 969 | 3 | 80.9 |
25 to 34 years |
27,456 | 751 | 3 | 11,972 | 705 | 5 | 15,484 | 794 | 5 | 88.8 |
35 to 44 years |
25,284 | 934 | 5 | 10,900 | 839 | 7 | 14,383 | 1,007 | 6 | 83.3 |
45 to 54 years |
25,652 | 955 | 5 | 11,555 | 836 | 7 | 14,097 | 1,075 | 10 | 77.8 |
55 to 64 years |
18,496 | 952 | 6 | 8,504 | 812 | 7 | 9,992 | 1,102 | 12 | 73.7 |
65 years and older |
4,128 | 866 | 15 | 1,800 | 749 | 13 | 2,328 | 992 | 21 | 75.5 |
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
||||||||||
White |
86,474 | 862 | 3 | 37,163 | 766 | 3 | 49,310 | 942 | 4 | 81.3 |
Black or African American |
13,963 | 678 | 5 | 7,235 | 641 | 6 | 6,728 | 718 | 7 | 89.3 |
Asian |
7,030 | 1,021 | 13 | 3,142 | 902 | 18 | 3,888 | 1,151 | 12 | 78.4 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
18,950 | 624 | 4 | 7,284 | 586 | 4 | 11,666 | 663 | 6 | 88.4 |
Marital status |
||||||||||
Never married |
32,229 | 656 | 3 | 14,150 | 625 | 4 | 18,079 | 682 | 4 | 91.6 |
Married, spouse present(1) |
61,044 | 960 | 3 | 24,849 | 838 | 5 | 36,195 | 1,062 | 6 | 78.9 |
Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) |
17,818 | 786 | 5 | 10,162 | 735 | 5 | 7,656 | 876 | 9 | 83.9 |
Widowed |
1,788 | 734 | 15 | 1,287 | 697 | 14 | 501 | 856 | 26 | 81.4 |
Divorced |
11,764 | 826 | 6 | 6,742 | 768 | 6 | 5,022 | 915 | 10 | 83.9 |
Separated(2) |
4,267 | 697 | 9 | 2,133 | 625 | 10 | 2,134 | 780 | 16 | 80.1 |
Union affiliation(3) |
||||||||||
Members of unions(4) |
13,119 | 1,004 | 5 | 5,697 | 955 | 8 | 7,421 | 1,050 | 11 | 91.0 |
Represented by unions(5) |
14,593 | 995 | 5 | 6,429 | 942 | 8 | 8,163 | 1,042 | 10 | 90.4 |
Not represented by a union |
96,498 | 802 | 2 | 42,731 | 723 | 3 | 53,767 | 890 | 4 | 81.2 |
Educational attainment |
||||||||||
Total, 25 years and older |
101,015 | 885 | 2 | 44,731 | 784 | 3 | 56,284 | 969 | 3 | 80.9 |
Less than a high school diploma |
7,108 | 504 | 3 | 2,204 | 423 | 3 | 4,904 | 551 | 8 | 76.8 |
High school graduates, no college |
25,475 | 692 | 3 | 9,856 | 599 | 3 | 15,619 | 769 | 5 | 77.9 |
Some college or associate's degree |
27,307 | 779 | 3 | 12,924 | 688 | 4 | 14,383 | 896 | 5 | 76.8 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
41,125 | 1,259 | 4 | 19,747 | 1,101 | 7 | 21,378 | 1,464 | 8 | 75.2 |
(1) Includes people in opposite-sex married couples only. See the technical notes section. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. See the technical notes section. (3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region. (4) Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (5) Union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Occupation | Total | Women | Men | Women's earnings as a percentage of men's | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | ||
Total, full-time wage and salary workers |
111,091 | $832 | $2 | 49,161 | $749 | $2 | 61,930 | $915 | $3 | 81.9 |
Management, professional, and related occupations |
45,930 | 1,188 | 5 | 23,674 | 1,027 | 5 | 22,256 | 1,420 | 8 | 72.3 |
Management, business, and financial operations occupations |
19,023 | 1,284 | 11 | 8,761 | 1,099 | 11 | 10,261 | 1,491 | 14 | 73.7 |
Management occupations |
12,828 | 1,370 | 10 | 5,314 | 1,148 | 9 | 7,514 | 1,539 | 10 | 74.6 |
Chief executives |
1,150 | 2,303 | 23 | 318 | 1,876 | 110 | 832 | 2,419 | 76 | 77.6 |
General and operations managers |
876 | 1,266 | 30 | 250 | 1,037 | 78 | 626 | 1,358 | 23 | 76.4 |
Legislators |
11 | – | – | 6 | – | – | 6 | – | – | – |
Advertising and promotions managers |
56 | 1,332 | 45 | 32 | – | – | 24 | – | – | – |
Marketing and sales managers |
921 | 1,468 | 40 | 403 | 1,142 | 49 | 518 | 1,745 | 42 | 65.4 |
Public relations and fundraising managers |
60 | 1,532 | 230 | 38 | – | – | 21 | – | – | – |
Administrative services managers |
172 | 1,261 | 54 | 71 | 952 | 50 | 101 | 1,398 | 49 | 68.1 |
Computer and information systems managers |
592 | 1,738 | 24 | 150 | 1,680 | 101 | 443 | 1,756 | 37 | 95.7 |
Financial managers |
1,105 | 1,423 | 35 | 578 | 1,157 | 24 | 527 | 1,670 | 87 | 69.3 |
Compensation and benefits managers |
16 | – | – | 12 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Human resources managers |
263 | 1,340 | 31 | 190 | 1,283 | 57 | 73 | 1,737 | 109 | 73.9 |
Training and development managers |
58 | 1,507 | 147 | 31 | – | – | 27 | – | – | – |
Industrial production managers |
267 | 1,361 | 51 | 66 | 1,219 | 138 | 201 | 1,409 | 104 | 86.5 |
Purchasing managers |
187 | 1,274 | 137 | 92 | 1,169 | 39 | 95 | 1,400 | 48 | 83.5 |
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers |
288 | 990 | 40 | 51 | 988 | 424 | 237 | 990 | 37 | 99.8 |
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers |
119 | 892 | 78 | 17 | – | – | 102 | 906 | 84 | – |
Construction managers |
487 | 1,395 | 40 | 35 | – | – | 452 | 1,401 | 39 | – |
Education administrators |
838 | 1,381 | 28 | 541 | 1,280 | 45 | 297 | 1,528 | 98 | 83.8 |
Architectural and engineering managers |
143 | 2,258 | 130 | 9 | – | – | 134 | 2,265 | 124 | – |
Food service managers |
760 | 739 | 17 | 350 | 632 | 28 | 410 | 853 | 47 | 74.1 |
Funeral service managers |
13 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Gaming managers |
18 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – |
Lodging managers |
124 | 929 | 48 | 64 | 764 | 59 | 59 | 1,068 | 69 | 71.5 |
Medical and health services managers |
533 | 1,402 | 67 | 399 | 1,254 | 55 | 133 | 1,610 | 47 | 77.9 |
Natural sciences managers |
14 | – | – | 8 | – | – | 6 | – | – | – |
Postmasters and mail superintendents |
23 | – | – | 11 | – | – | 12 | – | – | – |
Property, real estate, and community association managers |
402 | 959 | 51 | 221 | 815 | 35 | 181 | 1,157 | 50 | 70.4 |
Social and community service managers |
363 | 1,079 | 71 | 248 | 992 | 43 | 115 | 1,206 | 102 | 82.3 |
Emergency management directors |
8 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 5 | – | – | – |
Managers, all other |
2,960 | 1,422 | 23 | 1,115 | 1,188 | 32 | 1,845 | 1,542 | 22 | 77.0 |
Business and financial operations occupations |
6,195 | 1,161 | 8 | 3,448 | 1,018 | 12 | 2,747 | 1,373 | 23 | 74.1 |
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes |
23 | – | – | 12 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products |
8 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products |
152 | 838 | 49 | 83 | 765 | 29 | 68 | 942 | 61 | 81.2 |
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products |
253 | 1,024 | 39 | 125 | 974 | 120 | 128 | 1,037 | 62 | 93.9 |
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators |
321 | 969 | 25 | 206 | 912 | 21 | 114 | 1,139 | 63 | 80.1 |
Compliance officers |
252 | 1,243 | 38 | 146 | 1,163 | 55 | 106 | 1,274 | 97 | 91.3 |
Cost estimators |
104 | 1,159 | 34 | 9 | – | – | 96 | 1,172 | 54 | – |
Human resources workers |
631 | 1,139 | 26 | 465 | 1,089 | 41 | 166 | 1,364 | 179 | 79.8 |
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists |
72 | 1,069 | 58 | 51 | 1,001 | 44 | 21 | – | – | – |
Training and development specialists |
129 | 1,103 | 37 | 82 | 959 | 74 | 47 | – | – | – |
Logisticians |
111 | 1,011 | 87 | 37 | – | – | 75 | 1,116 | 80 | – |
Management analysts |
585 | 1,476 | 41 | 253 | 1,342 | 40 | 332 | 1,586 | 61 | 84.6 |
Meeting, convention, and event planners |
119 | 867 | 49 | 88 | 852 | 39 | 30 | – | – | – |
Fundraisers |
64 | 1,111 | 88 | 42 | – | – | 22 | – | – | – |
Market research analysts and marketing specialists |
246 | 1,171 | 97 | 130 | 1,097 | 63 | 116 | 1,345 | 69 | 81.6 |
Business operations specialists, all other |
257 | 1,125 | 60 | 146 | 1,001 | 29 | 110 | 1,263 | 58 | 79.3 |
Accountants and auditors |
1,451 | 1,153 | 13 | 892 | 1,018 | 20 | 559 | 1,441 | 60 | 70.6 |
Appraisers and assessors of real estate |
31 | – | – | 13 | – | – | 19 | – | – | – |
Budget analysts |
48 | – | – | 26 | – | – | 22 | – | – | – |
Credit analysts |
28 | – | – | 13 | – | – | 15 | – | – | – |
Financial analysts |
277 | 1,525 | 108 | 104 | 1,252 | 40 | 173 | 1,747 | 62 | 71.7 |
Personal financial advisors |
399 | 1,404 | 32 | 142 | 953 | 45 | 258 | 1,714 | 93 | 55.6 |
Insurance underwriters |
102 | 1,113 | 106 | 68 | 910 | 46 | 34 | – | – | – |
Financial examiners |
13 | – | – | 6 | – | – | 7 | – | – | – |
Credit counselors and loan officers |
351 | 1,054 | 93 | 200 | 926 | 29 | 151 | 1,331 | 125 | 69.6 |
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents |
58 | 1,138 | 62 | 38 | – | – | 20 | – | – | – |
Tax preparers |
53 | 1,049 | 75 | 33 | – | – | 20 | – | – | – |
Financial specialists, all other |
56 | 1,155 | 136 | 37 | – | – | 20 | – | – | – |
Professional and related occupations |
26,907 | 1,141 | 4 | 14,912 | 998 | 5 | 11,995 | 1,364 | 9 | 73.2 |
Computer and mathematical occupations |
4,104 | 1,443 | 18 | 1,035 | 1,325 | 23 | 3,068 | 1,518 | 20 | 87.3 |
Computer and information research scientists |
20 | – | – | 7 | – | – | 13 | – | – | – |
Computer systems analysts |
496 | 1,393 | 35 | 182 | 1,328 | 38 | 314 | 1,475 | 53 | 90.0 |
Information security analysts |
85 | 1,617 | 131 | 20 | – | – | 65 | 1,826 | 124 | – |
Computer programmers |
403 | 1,398 | 60 | 104 | 1,312 | 100 | 300 | 1,466 | 63 | 89.5 |
Software developers, applications and systems software |
1,351 | 1,776 | 37 | 266 | 1,553 | 22 | 1,084 | 1,863 | 26 | 83.4 |
Web developers |
142 | 1,236 | 44 | 45 | – | – | 97 | 1,284 | 168 | – |
Computer support specialists |
491 | 1,060 | 43 | 124 | 1,014 | 95 | 367 | 1,078 | 60 | 94.1 |
Database administrators |
83 | 1,731 | 199 | 37 | – | – | 46 | – | – | – |
Network and computer systems administrators |
197 | 1,232 | 44 | 29 | – | – | 168 | 1,250 | 51 | – |
Computer network architects |
105 | 1,502 | 50 | 12 | – | – | 93 | 1,535 | 67 | – |
Computer occupations, all other |
524 | 1,195 | 47 | 106 | 1,055 | 38 | 418 | 1,244 | 36 | 84.8 |
Actuaries |
12 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Mathematicians |
4 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Operations research analysts |
125 | 1,315 | 51 | 66 | 1,300 | 34 | 59 | 1,382 | 53 | 94.1 |
Statisticians |
65 | 1,405 | 85 | 35 | – | – | 30 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations |
2 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Architecture and engineering occupations |
2,835 | 1,482 | 18 | 398 | 1,207 | 47 | 2,437 | 1,529 | 17 | 78.9 |
Architects, except naval |
178 | 1,339 | 47 | 43 | – | – | 135 | 1,462 | 93 | – |
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists |
28 | – | – | 9 | – | – | 19 | – | – | – |
Aerospace engineers |
124 | 1,854 | 88 | 10 | – | – | 114 | 1,846 | 84 | – |
Agricultural engineers |
2 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Biomedical engineers |
14 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 12 | – | – | – |
Chemical engineers |
91 | 1,877 | 46 | 18 | – | – | 73 | 1,901 | 31 | – |
Civil engineers |
389 | 1,504 | 56 | 39 | – | – | 350 | 1,526 | 49 | – |
Computer hardware engineers |
58 | 1,843 | 32 | 12 | – | – | 46 | – | – | – |
Electrical and electronics engineers |
271 | 1,729 | 70 | 26 | – | – | 245 | 1,736 | 45 | – |
Environmental engineers |
31 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 27 | – | – | – |
Industrial engineers, including health and safety |
215 | 1,526 | 71 | 46 | – | – | 169 | 1,580 | 91 | – |
Marine engineers and naval architects |
19 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 18 | – | – | – |
Materials engineers |
26 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 21 | – | – | – |
Mechanical engineers |
335 | 1,560 | 22 | 24 | – | – | 311 | 1,567 | 21 | – |
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers |
8 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 7 | – | – | – |
Nuclear engineers |
8 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 7 | – | – | – |
Petroleum engineers |
35 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 32 | – | – | – |
Engineers, all other |
493 | 1,573 | 67 | 63 | 1,401 | 152 | 430 | 1,659 | 58 | 84.4 |
Drafters |
93 | 990 | 102 | 10 | – | – | 83 | 1,030 | 124 | – |
Engineering technicians, except drafters |
350 | 997 | 25 | 75 | 793 | 49 | 275 | 1,075 | 50 | 73.8 |
Surveying and mapping technicians |
67 | 811 | 54 | 5 | – | – | 61 | 790 | 126 | – |
Life, physical, and social science occupations |
1,151 | 1,209 | 43 | 486 | 1,119 | 42 | 665 | 1,319 | 50 | 84.8 |
Agricultural and food scientists |
32 | – | – | 12 | – | – | 20 | – | – | – |
Biological scientists |
81 | 1,346 | 148 | 35 | – | – | 46 | – | – | – |
Conservation scientists and foresters |
26 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 23 | – | – | – |
Medical scientists |
127 | 1,211 | 52 | 57 | 1,169 | 56 | 69 | 1,250 | 107 | 93.5 |
Life scientists, all other |
3 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Astronomers and physicists |
20 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 16 | – | – | – |
Atmospheric and space scientists |
6 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 5 | – | – | – |
Chemists and materials scientists |
93 | 1,306 | 70 | 36 | – | – | 56 | 1,504 | 66 | – |
Environmental scientists and geoscientists |
79 | 1,555 | 245 | 21 | – | – | 58 | 1,591 | 66 | – |
Physical scientists, all other |
241 | 1,416 | 50 | 111 | 1,323 | 75 | 131 | 1,727 | 138 | 76.6 |
Economists |
22 | – | – | 9 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – |
Survey researchers |
1 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Psychologists |
91 | 1,260 | 51 | 66 | 1,187 | 79 | 25 | – | – | – |
Sociologists |
4 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Urban and regional planners |
34 | – | – | 13 | – | – | 21 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers |
30 | – | – | 11 | – | – | 19 | – | – | – |
Agricultural and food science technicians |
24 | – | – | 6 | – | – | 17 | – | – | – |
Biological technicians |
19 | – | – | 8 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Chemical technicians |
75 | 919 | 38 | 25 | – | – | 50 | 919 | 31 | – |
Geological and petroleum technicians |
17 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 15 | – | – | – |
Nuclear technicians |
4 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Social science research assistants |
1 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians |
119 | 894 | 36 | 57 | 826 | 73 | 62 | 949 | 117 | 87.0 |
Community and social service occupations |
2,136 | 919 | 14 | 1,377 | 880 | 15 | 759 | 1,004 | 25 | 87.6 |
Counselors |
657 | 904 | 21 | 473 | 907 | 21 | 184 | 892 | 62 | 101.7 |
Social workers |
684 | 906 | 26 | 557 | 884 | 26 | 127 | 1,039 | 72 | 85.1 |
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists |
100 | 992 | 43 | 61 | 1,004 | 69 | 39 | – | – | – |
Social and human service assistants |
151 | 736 | 29 | 122 | 727 | 46 | 29 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers |
83 | 831 | 41 | 63 | 767 | 26 | 20 | – | – | – |
Clergy |
368 | 1,039 | 40 | 53 | 893 | 75 | 315 | 1,070 | 41 | 83.5 |
Directors, religious activities and education |
49 | – | – | 26 | – | – | 23 | – | – | – |
Religious workers, all other |
42 | – | – | 21 | – | – | 21 | – | – | – |
Legal occupations |
1,294 | 1,431 | 31 | 732 | 1,152 | 30 | 562 | 1,904 | 22 | 60.5 |
Lawyers |
745 | 1,897 | 17 | 299 | 1,619 | 115 | 446 | 2,086 | 106 | 77.6 |
Judicial law clerks |
14 | – | – | 7 | – | – | 7 | – | – | – |
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers |
56 | 1,560 | 501 | 21 | – | – | 35 | – | – | – |
Paralegals and legal assistants |
351 | 874 | 34 | 308 | 863 | 20 | 43 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous legal support workers |
128 | 1,009 | 197 | 98 | 867 | 73 | 30 | – | – | – |
Education, training, and library occupations |
6,859 | 984 | 8 | 4,982 | 933 | 7 | 1,877 | 1,154 | 11 | 80.8 |
Postsecondary teachers |
980 | 1,247 | 23 | 445 | 1,152 | 20 | 535 | 1,356 | 28 | 85.0 |
Preschool and kindergarten teachers |
530 | 626 | 18 | 518 | 621 | 14 | 13 | – | – | – |
Elementary and middle school teachers |
2,836 | 1,009 | 11 | 2,231 | 981 | 10 | 605 | 1,126 | 21 | 87.1 |
Secondary school teachers |
965 | 1,111 | 18 | 562 | 1,074 | 24 | 403 | 1,146 | 19 | 93.7 |
Special education teachers |
313 | 1,021 | 27 | 264 | 1,018 | 27 | 49 | – | – | – |
Other teachers and instructors |
370 | 938 | 45 | 214 | 786 | 54 | 156 | 1,135 | 46 | 69.3 |
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians |
36 | – | – | 25 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Librarians |
140 | 987 | 35 | 117 | 980 | 41 | 23 | – | – | – |
Library technicians |
10 | – | – | 8 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Teacher assistants |
588 | 523 | 12 | 532 | 525 | 13 | 56 | 501 | 35 | 104.8 |
Other education, training, and library workers |
91 | 1,107 | 60 | 67 | 1,068 | 27 | 24 | – | – | – |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations |
1,671 | 1,040 | 20 | 752 | 951 | 22 | 919 | 1,139 | 19 | 83.5 |
Artists and related workers |
61 | 1,236 | 27 | 23 | – | – | 38 | – | – | – |
Designers |
586 | 1,086 | 58 | 297 | 922 | 38 | 290 | 1,267 | 43 | 72.8 |
Actors |
13 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Producers and directors |
128 | 1,163 | 41 | 50 | 1,030 | 81 | 78 | 1,228 | 150 | 83.9 |
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers |
141 | 826 | 48 | 35 | – | – | 106 | 862 | 45 | – |
Dancers and choreographers |
5 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Musicians, singers, and related workers |
37 | – | – | 13 | – | – | 24 | – | – | – |
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other |
13 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 9 | – | – | – |
Announcers |
32 | – | – | 8 | – | – | 24 | – | – | – |
News analysts, reporters and correspondents |
58 | 1,166 | 170 | 27 | – | – | 30 | – | – | – |
Public relations specialists |
107 | 1,228 | 80 | 67 | 1,134 | 265 | 40 | – | – | – |
Editors |
120 | 1,053 | 33 | 56 | 1,035 | 26 | 64 | 1,112 | 88 | 93.1 |
Technical writers |
56 | 1,253 | 61 | 27 | – | – | 29 | – | – | – |
Writers and authors |
99 | 1,070 | 42 | 60 | 983 | 97 | 39 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous media and communication workers |
59 | 745 | 76 | 36 | – | – | 24 | – | – | – |
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators |
80 | 1,020 | 216 | 13 | – | – | 67 | 1,099 | 48 | – |
Photographers |
43 | – | – | 19 | – | – | 24 | – | – | – |
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors |
31 | – | – | 7 | – | – | 24 | – | – | – |
Media and communication equipment workers, all other |
1 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations |
6,857 | 1,104 | 10 | 5,150 | 1,036 | 11 | 1,706 | 1,332 | 32 | 77.8 |
Chiropractors |
18 | – | – | 7 | – | – | 10 | – | – | – |
Dentists |
61 | 1,850 | 82 | 27 | – | – | 34 | – | – | – |
Dietitians and nutritionists |
82 | 986 | 56 | 71 | 997 | 50 | 11 | – | – | – |
Optometrists |
18 | – | – | 15 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Pharmacists |
222 | 1,924 | 133 | 133 | 1,839 | 68 | 89 | 2,096 | 126 | 87.7 |
Physicians and surgeons |
806 | 1,916 | 61 | 308 | 1,476 | 116 | 497 | 2,343 | 140 | 63.0 |
Physician assistants |
75 | 1,544 | 55 | 50 | 1,547 | 55 | 25 | – | – | – |
Podiatrists |
4 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Audiologists |
11 | – | – | 8 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Occupational therapists |
71 | 1,365 | 61 | 61 | 1,315 | 50 | 10 | – | – | – |
Physical therapists |
197 | 1,325 | 29 | 128 | 1,306 | 34 | 69 | 1,348 | 32 | 96.9 |
Radiation therapists |
11 | – | – | 10 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Recreational therapists |
9 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 6 | – | – | – |
Respiratory therapists |
76 | 998 | 30 | 54 | 993 | 37 | 22 | – | – | – |
Speech-language pathologists |
112 | 1,200 | 124 | 109 | 1,172 | 107 | 3 | – | – | – |
Exercise physiologists |
1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Therapists, all other |
137 | 920 | 54 | 106 | 913 | 53 | 32 | – | – | – |
Veterinarians |
65 | 1,338 | 357 | 46 | – | – | 19 | – | – | – |
Registered nurses |
2,498 | 1,154 | 10 | 2,213 | 1,143 | 10 | 285 | 1,261 | 27 | 90.6 |
Nurse anesthetists |
14 | – | – | 6 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Nurse midwives |
5 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Nurse practitioners |
144 | 1,750 | 49 | 133 | 1,753 | 45 | 11 | – | – | – |
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other |
8 | – | – | 8 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians |
295 | 887 | 34 | 198 | 834 | 25 | 97 | 1,071 | 97 | 77.9 |
Dental hygienists |
75 | 1,034 | 50 | 73 | 1,045 | 47 | 2 | – | – | – |
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians |
254 | 1,041 | 30 | 175 | 936 | 42 | 79 | 1,156 | 29 | 81.0 |
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics |
174 | 779 | 32 | 60 | 650 | 47 | 114 | 821 | 42 | 79.2 |
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians |
474 | 662 | 15 | 361 | 643 | 16 | 113 | 712 | 25 | 90.3 |
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses |
525 | 749 | 12 | 481 | 743 | 12 | 44 | – | – | – |
Medical records and health information technicians |
170 | 798 | 27 | 159 | 793 | 28 | 11 | – | – | – |
Opticians, dispensing |
42 | – | – | 28 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians |
107 | 745 | 23 | 64 | 714 | 20 | 43 | – | – | – |
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations |
96 | 1,083 | 152 | 47 | – | – | 49 | – | – | – |
Service occupations |
15,908 | 523 | 2 | 7,914 | 487 | 2 | 7,994 | 595 | 4 | 81.8 |
Healthcare support occupations |
2,423 | 525 | 5 | 2,094 | 519 | 4 | 329 | 602 | 14 | 86.2 |
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides |
1,386 | 503 | 5 | 1,192 | 498 | 5 | 194 | 534 | 33 | 93.3 |
Occupational therapy assistants and aides |
13 | – | – | 12 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Physical therapist assistants and aides |
48 | – | – | 32 | – | – | 15 | – | – | – |
Massage therapists |
45 | – | – | 30 | – | – | 15 | – | – | – |
Dental assistants |
199 | 592 | 15 | 180 | 583 | 17 | 19 | – | – | – |
Medical assistants |
488 | 572 | 13 | 452 | 562 | 14 | 36 | – | – | – |
Medical transcriptionists |
23 | – | – | 23 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Pharmacy aides |
21 | – | – | 19 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers |
24 | – | – | 17 | – | – | 7 | – | – | – |
Phlebotomists |
84 | 586 | 26 | 71 | 570 | 31 | 12 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers |
94 | 537 | 52 | 65 | 504 | 21 | 29 | – | – | – |
Protective service occupations |
2,697 | 809 | 15 | 524 | 688 | 18 | 2,173 | 854 | 15 | 80.6 |
First-line supervisors of correctional officers |
55 | 873 | 88 | 20 | – | – | 35 | – | – | – |
First-line supervisors of police and detectives |
120 | 1,324 | 73 | 23 | – | – | 97 | 1,361 | 62 | – |
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers |
45 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 41 | – | – | – |
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other |
89 | 880 | 73 | 23 | – | – | 66 | 895 | 206 | – |
Firefighters |
252 | 1,065 | 75 | 8 | – | – | 244 | 1,056 | 79 | – |
Fire inspectors |
16 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 15 | – | – | – |
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers |
365 | 749 | 16 | 91 | 672 | 25 | 275 | 793 | 30 | 84.7 |
Detectives and criminal investigators |
132 | 1,182 | 54 | 28 | – | – | 104 | 1,251 | 98 | – |
Fish and game wardens |
8 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 7 | – | – | – |
Parking enforcement workers |
6 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Police and sheriff's patrol officers |
709 | 1,004 | 22 | 100 | 938 | 92 | 609 | 1,008 | 21 | 93.1 |
Transit and railroad police |
2 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Animal control workers |
6 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Private detectives and investigators |
60 | 904 | 57 | 29 | – | – | 31 | – | – | – |
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers |
727 | 585 | 11 | 152 | 516 | 19 | 576 | 597 | 12 | 86.4 |
Crossing guards |
23 | – | – | 12 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Transportation security screeners |
40 | – | – | 16 | – | – | 23 | – | – | – |
Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers |
42 | – | – | 14 | – | – | 28 | – | – | – |
Food preparation and serving related occupations |
4,619 | 465 | 5 | 2,202 | 434 | 6 | 2,417 | 491 | 5 | 88.4 |
Chefs and head cooks |
356 | 614 | 15 | 68 | 519 | 29 | 288 | 632 | 20 | 82.1 |
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers |
425 | 528 | 17 | 251 | 485 | 14 | 174 | 666 | 71 | 72.8 |
Cooks |
1,408 | 444 | 7 | 515 | 421 | 6 | 892 | 459 | 9 | 91.7 |
Food preparation workers |
477 | 419 | 6 | 262 | 413 | 7 | 215 | 432 | 23 | 95.6 |
Bartenders |
253 | 602 | 25 | 122 | 498 | 33 | 131 | 701 | 32 | 71.0 |
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food |
196 | 396 | 13 | 125 | 402 | 14 | 72 | 381 | 27 | 105.5 |
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop |
68 | 374 | 19 | 49 | – | – | 20 | – | – | – |
Waiters and waitresses |
949 | 470 | 13 | 607 | 441 | 15 | 342 | 504 | 13 | 87.5 |
Food servers, nonrestaurant |
104 | 479 | 19 | 71 | 445 | 48 | 33 | – | – | – |
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers |
133 | 420 | 9 | 51 | 407 | 12 | 82 | 465 | 66 | 87.5 |
Dishwashers |
172 | 389 | 9 | 30 | – | – | 142 | 388 | 11 | – |
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop |
74 | 442 | 45 | 50 | 432 | 35 | 24 | – | – | – |
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other |
3 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations |
3,602 | 510 | 3 | 1,210 | 454 | 8 | 2,392 | 548 | 9 | 82.8 |
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers |
189 | 655 | 41 | 71 | 524 | 33 | 119 | 702 | 20 | 74.6 |
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers |
113 | 707 | 32 | 1 | – | – | 112 | 710 | 32 | – |
Janitors and building cleaners |
1,580 | 526 | 8 | 441 | 476 | 10 | 1,139 | 564 | 12 | 84.4 |
Maids and housekeeping cleaners |
781 | 441 | 9 | 661 | 427 | 9 | 120 | 497 | 15 | 85.9 |
Pest control workers |
61 | 655 | 29 | 2 | – | – | 59 | 649 | 28 | – |
Grounds maintenance workers |
878 | 502 | 6 | 34 | – | – | 844 | 503 | 6 | – |
Personal care and service occupations |
2,568 | 505 | 5 | 1,884 | 482 | 5 | 684 | 613 | 13 | 78.6 |
First-line supervisors of gaming workers |
127 | 792 | 46 | 59 | 717 | 71 | 68 | 840 | 173 | 85.4 |
First-line supervisors of personal service workers |
62 | 651 | 54 | 37 | – | – | 25 | – | – | – |
Animal trainers |
24 | – | – | 11 | – | – | 13 | – | – | – |
Nonfarm animal caretakers |
88 | 485 | 25 | 71 | 489 | 22 | 17 | – | – | – |
Gaming services workers |
64 | 624 | 42 | 31 | – | – | 33 | – | – | – |
Motion picture projectionists |
2 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers |
14 | – | – | 8 | – | – | 6 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers |
79 | 481 | 30 | 31 | – | – | 48 | – | – | – |
Embalmers and funeral attendants |
3 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors |
23 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 18 | – | – | – |
Barbers |
56 | 584 | 29 | 8 | – | – | 48 | – | – | – |
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists |
307 | 510 | 15 | 281 | 500 | 15 | 27 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers |
205 | 490 | 19 | 167 | 466 | 45 | 37 | – | – | – |
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges |
56 | 625 | 40 | 10 | – | – | 46 | – | – | – |
Tour and travel guides |
18 | – | – | 8 | – | – | 10 | – | – | – |
Childcare workers |
405 | 452 | 13 | 381 | 451 | 12 | 24 | – | – | – |
Personal care aides |
762 | 477 | 7 | 636 | 469 | 10 | 125 | 514 | 17 | 91.2 |
Recreation and fitness workers |
192 | 596 | 24 | 100 | 517 | 23 | 92 | 668 | 50 | 77.4 |
Residential advisors |
19 | – | – | 11 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Personal care and service workers, all other |
61 | 573 | 33 | 26 | – | – | 35 | – | – | – |
Sales and office occupations |
23,625 | 698 | 3 | 14,163 | 649 | 3 | 9,461 | 805 | 8 | 80.6 |
Sales and related occupations |
9,759 | 744 | 6 | 4,250 | 590 | 6 | 5,509 | 904 | 12 | 65.3 |
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers |
2,368 | 743 | 10 | 1,047 | 630 | 13 | 1,321 | 857 | 15 | 73.5 |
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers |
781 | 1,137 | 15 | 230 | 1,004 | 26 | 552 | 1,161 | 16 | 86.5 |
Cashiers |
1,367 | 414 | 5 | 965 | 403 | 5 | 402 | 475 | 16 | 84.8 |
Counter and rental clerks |
84 | 517 | 13 | 36 | – | – | 47 | – | – | – |
Parts salespersons |
96 | 639 | 24 | 11 | – | – | 85 | 643 | 22 | – |
Retail salespersons |
1,831 | 623 | 9 | 728 | 514 | 8 | 1,103 | 730 | 19 | 70.4 |
Advertising sales agents |
203 | 1,023 | 56 | 81 | 999 | 122 | 122 | 1,034 | 70 | 96.6 |
Insurance sales agents |
423 | 839 | 38 | 205 | 676 | 57 | 218 | 1,166 | 73 | 58.0 |
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents |
219 | 1,351 | 71 | 63 | 951 | 51 | 155 | 1,458 | 120 | 65.2 |
Travel agents |
46 | – | – | 38 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Sales representatives, services, all other |
427 | 1,040 | 66 | 145 | 826 | 63 | 282 | 1,202 | 94 | 68.7 |
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing |
1,121 | 1,047 | 45 | 302 | 872 | 45 | 819 | 1,140 | 20 | 76.5 |
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters |
14 | – | – | 6 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Real estate brokers and sales agents |
493 | 983 | 41 | 284 | 780 | 70 | 209 | 1,222 | 122 | 63.8 |
Sales engineers |
40 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 35 | – | – | – |
Telemarketers |
42 | – | – | 25 | – | – | 17 | – | – | – |
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers |
34 | – | – | 11 | – | – | 23 | – | – | – |
Sales and related workers, all other |
171 | 805 | 54 | 68 | 709 | 73 | 103 | 946 | 78 | 74.9 |
Office and administrative support occupations |
13,866 | 679 | 3 | 9,913 | 669 | 4 | 3,952 | 708 | 8 | 94.5 |
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers |
1,203 | 848 | 17 | 819 | 809 | 13 | 383 | 942 | 23 | 85.9 |
Switchboard operators, including answering service |
17 | – | – | 14 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Telephone operators |
36 | – | – | 31 | – | – | 5 | – | – | – |
Communications equipment operators, all other |
5 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Bill and account collectors |
144 | 625 | 31 | 105 | 650 | 40 | 39 | – | – | – |
Billing and posting clerks |
404 | 666 | 13 | 360 | 660 | 13 | 44 | – | – | – |
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks |
756 | 722 | 13 | 641 | 716 | 13 | 115 | 790 | 43 | 90.6 |
Gaming cage workers |
9 | – | – | 8 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Payroll and timekeeping clerks |
125 | 786 | 29 | 110 | 785 | 30 | 15 | – | – | – |
Procurement clerks |
25 | – | – | 16 | – | – | 9 | – | – | – |
Tellers |
235 | 542 | 13 | 195 | 539 | 13 | 39 | – | – | – |
Financial clerks, all other |
62 | 708 | 146 | 44 | – | – | 18 | – | – | – |
Brokerage clerks |
3 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Correspondence clerks |
5 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Court, municipal, and license clerks |
79 | 691 | 163 | 60 | 681 | 144 | 19 | – | – | – |
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks |
41 | – | – | 33 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Customer service representatives |
1,850 | 640 | 10 | 1,185 | 623 | 9 | 664 | 676 | 19 | 92.2 |
Eligibility interviewers, government programs |
72 | 828 | 61 | 55 | 735 | 48 | 17 | – | – | – |
File clerks |
134 | 676 | 25 | 113 | 680 | 21 | 21 | – | – | – |
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks |
102 | 513 | 18 | 66 | 500 | 32 | 36 | – | – | – |
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan |
105 | 639 | 25 | 98 | 634 | 28 | 7 | – | – | – |
Library assistants, clerical |
45 | – | – | 38 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Loan interviewers and clerks |
124 | 774 | 27 | 100 | 756 | 17 | 25 | – | – | – |
New accounts clerks |
21 | – | – | 21 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Order clerks |
85 | 646 | 44 | 45 | – | – | 40 | – | – | – |
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping |
36 | – | – | 32 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Receptionists and information clerks |
951 | 583 | 7 | 848 | 581 | 7 | 103 | 600 | 26 | 96.8 |
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks |
102 | 705 | 52 | 56 | 646 | 57 | 46 | – | – | – |
Information and record clerks, all other |
104 | 654 | 26 | 73 | 631 | 36 | 31 | – | – | – |
Cargo and freight agents |
23 | – | – | 9 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – |
Couriers and messengers |
160 | 726 | 60 | 25 | – | – | 135 | 739 | 46 | – |
Dispatchers |
279 | 704 | 24 | 153 | 671 | 27 | 126 | 734 | 24 | 91.4 |
Meter readers, utilities |
30 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 28 | – | – | – |
Postal service clerks |
111 | 901 | 122 | 53 | 805 | 39 | 58 | 999 | 36 | 80.6 |
Postal service mail carriers |
304 | 981 | 19 | 119 | 931 | 38 | 185 | 1,020 | 35 | 91.3 |
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators |
56 | 783 | 89 | 23 | – | – | 33 | – | – | – |
Production, planning, and expediting clerks |
224 | 853 | 26 | 111 | 765 | 37 | 113 | 935 | 28 | 81.8 |
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks |
473 | 596 | 10 | 151 | 583 | 18 | 322 | 602 | 12 | 96.8 |
Stock clerks and order fillers |
1,014 | 530 | 13 | 371 | 526 | 16 | 643 | 533 | 19 | 98.7 |
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping |
45 | – | – | 24 | – | – | 21 | – | – | – |
Secretaries and administrative assistants |
2,210 | 713 | 7 | 2,078 | 708 | 7 | 133 | 831 | 43 | 85.2 |
Computer operators |
78 | 811 | 97 | 37 | – | – | 41 | – | – | – |
Data entry keyers |
221 | 638 | 18 | 170 | 630 | 23 | 51 | 655 | 25 | 96.2 |
Word processors and typists |
56 | 730 | 27 | 48 | – | – | 7 | – | – | – |
Desktop publishers |
0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks |
251 | 665 | 19 | 210 | 658 | 22 | 40 | – | – | – |
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service |
56 | 619 | 22 | 23 | – | – | 33 | – | – | – |
Office clerks, general |
900 | 654 | 11 | 760 | 648 | 11 | 140 | 707 | 30 | 91.7 |
Office machine operators, except computer |
30 | – | – | 16 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – |
Proofreaders and copy markers |
5 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Statistical assistants |
7 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 5 | – | – | – |
Office and administrative support workers, all other |
457 | 768 | 16 | 351 | 751 | 18 | 107 | 855 | 54 | 87.8 |
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations |
11,022 | 786 | 5 | 464 | 580 | 14 | 10,558 | 794 | 5 | 73.0 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations |
842 | 520 | 8 | 169 | 465 | 20 | 673 | 544 | 13 | 85.5 |
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers |
28 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 25 | – | – | – |
Agricultural inspectors |
18 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 13 | – | – | – |
Animal breeders |
2 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Graders and sorters, agricultural products |
74 | 511 | 26 | 48 | – | – | 25 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous agricultural workers |
659 | 508 | 8 | 111 | 423 | 14 | 547 | 524 | 11 | 80.7 |
Fishers and related fishing workers |
4 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Hunters and trappers |
1 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Forest and conservation workers |
17 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 17 | – | – | – |
Logging workers |
39 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 39 | – | – | – |
Construction and extraction occupations |
5,979 | 784 | 6 | 151 | 639 | 47 | 5,828 | 786 | 6 | 81.3 |
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers |
558 | 1,091 | 39 | 18 | – | – | 540 | 1,101 | 44 | – |
Boilermakers |
26 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 26 | – | – | – |
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons |
119 | 741 | 49 | 0 | – | – | 119 | 741 | 49 | – |
Carpenters |
839 | 730 | 19 | 11 | – | – | 828 | 733 | 20 | – |
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers |
93 | 593 | 28 | 2 | – | – | 91 | 597 | 27 | – |
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers |
47 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 47 | – | – | – |
Construction laborers |
1,322 | 692 | 11 | 41 | – | – | 1,281 | 697 | 11 | – |
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators |
11 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Pile-driver operators |
4 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators |
334 | 920 | 40 | 6 | – | – | 328 | 922 | 46 | – |
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers |
138 | 600 | 18 | 1 | – | – | 137 | 601 | 18 | – |
Electricians |
667 | 952 | 28 | 18 | – | – | 649 | 951 | 27 | – |
Glaziers |
48 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 47 | – | – | – |
Insulation workers |
42 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 40 | – | – | – |
Painters, construction and maintenance |
392 | 612 | 10 | 17 | – | – | 375 | 615 | 10 | – |
Paperhangers |
0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters |
475 | 927 | 40 | 11 | – | – | 464 | 925 | 41 | – |
Plasterers and stucco masons |
25 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 25 | – | – | – |
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers |
12 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 12 | – | – | – |
Roofers |
161 | 623 | 21 | 3 | – | – | 158 | 624 | 23 | – |
Sheet metal workers |
117 | 819 | 22 | 3 | – | – | 115 | 820 | 22 | – |
Structural iron and steel workers |
61 | 976 | 55 | 1 | – | – | 60 | 983 | 49 | – |
Solar photovoltaic installers |
10 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 10 | – | – | – |
Helpers, construction trades |
42 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 40 | – | – | – |
Construction and building inspectors |
68 | 996 | 53 | 6 | – | – | 62 | 1,040 | 121 | – |
Elevator installers and repairers |
41 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 41 | – | – | – |
Fence erectors |
30 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 29 | – | – | – |
Hazardous materials removal workers |
28 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 24 | – | – | – |
Highway maintenance workers |
85 | 745 | 119 | 2 | – | – | 83 | 723 | 69 | – |
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators |
8 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners |
9 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 9 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous construction and related workers |
17 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 17 | – | – | – |
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining |
29 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 29 | – | – | – |
Earth drillers, except oil and gas |
23 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 23 | – | – | – |
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters |
10 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 9 | – | – | – |
Mining machine operators |
48 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 48 | – | – | – |
Roof bolters, mining |
3 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Roustabouts, oil and gas |
4 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Helpers—extraction workers |
3 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Other extraction workers |
29 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 29 | – | – | – |
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations |
4,201 | 861 | 9 | 144 | 783 | 108 | 4,057 | 863 | 9 | 90.7 |
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers |
246 | 1,020 | 31 | 25 | – | – | 221 | 1,016 | 33 | – |
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers |
165 | 851 | 35 | 15 | – | – | 150 | 861 | 35 | – |
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers |
132 | 950 | 54 | 22 | – | – | 110 | 975 | 40 | – |
Avionics technicians |
8 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers |
26 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 23 | – | – | – |
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment |
3 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility |
15 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – |
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles |
8 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers |
33 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 32 | – | – | – |
Security and fire alarm systems installers |
69 | 927 | 133 | 1 | – | – | 68 | 909 | 176 | – |
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians |
136 | 1,047 | 54 | 2 | – | – | 134 | 1,053 | 54 | – |
Automotive body and related repairers |
117 | 761 | 35 | 5 | – | – | 112 | 770 | 47 | – |
Automotive glass installers and repairers |
14 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – |
Automotive service technicians and mechanics |
688 | 730 | 16 | 11 | – | – | 677 | 729 | 16 | – |
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists |
298 | 874 | 27 | 1 | – | – | 297 | 875 | 26 | – |
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics |
198 | 964 | 35 | 0 | – | – | 198 | 964 | 35 | – |
Small engine mechanics |
32 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 30 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers |
74 | 641 | 139 | 0 | – | – | 73 | 646 | 148 | – |
Control and valve installers and repairers |
33 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 32 | – | – | – |
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers |
361 | 864 | 23 | 4 | – | – | 357 | 868 | 23 | – |
Home appliance repairers |
25 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 25 | – | – | – |
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics |
385 | 968 | 23 | 11 | – | – | 374 | 973 | 27 | – |
Maintenance and repair workers, general |
514 | 796 | 26 | 13 | – | – | 502 | 797 | 25 | – |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
20 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 19 | – | – | – |
Millwrights |
35 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 35 | – | – | – |
Electrical power-line installers and repairers |
126 | 1,161 | 96 | 1 | – | – | 125 | 1,165 | 92 | – |
Telecommunications line installers and repairers |
172 | 850 | 116 | 4 | – | – | 168 | 824 | 98 | – |
Precision instrument and equipment repairers |
56 | 910 | 44 | 10 | – | – | 46 | – | – | – |
Wind turbine service technicians |
5 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 5 | – | – | – |
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers |
27 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 24 | – | – | – |
Commercial divers |
1 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Locksmiths and safe repairers |
12 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 12 | – | – | – |
Manufactured building and mobile home installers |
7 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 7 | – | – | – |
Riggers |
11 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Signal and track switch repairers |
4 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair workers |
10 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 9 | – | – | – |
Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers |
137 | 773 | 32 | 8 | – | – | 130 | 782 | 37 | – |
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations |
14,606 | 665 | 4 | 2,945 | 531 | 6 | 11,661 | 704 | 4 | 75.4 |
Production occupations |
7,513 | 668 | 6 | 1,949 | 527 | 6 | 5,564 | 723 | 6 | 72.9 |
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers |
729 | 923 | 22 | 131 | 723 | 37 | 599 | 972 | 27 | 74.4 |
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers |
6 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers |
105 | 590 | 18 | 50 | 554 | 24 | 55 | 618 | 23 | 89.6 |
Engine and other machine assemblers |
6 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 6 | – | – | – |
Structural metal fabricators and fitters |
22 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 22 | – | – | – |
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators |
990 | 601 | 11 | 345 | 559 | 16 | 645 | 625 | 15 | 89.4 |
Bakers |
138 | 494 | 14 | 83 | 480 | 13 | 55 | 562 | 65 | 85.4 |
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers |
244 | 526 | 24 | 61 | 449 | 40 | 183 | 571 | 32 | 78.6 |
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders |
16 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – |
Food batchmakers |
81 | 537 | 37 | 42 | – | – | 40 | – | – | – |
Food cooking machine operators and tenders |
7 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 6 | – | – | – |
Food processing workers, all other |
129 | 547 | 21 | 41 | – | – | 88 | 579 | 34 | – |
Computer control programmers and operators |
85 | 802 | 139 | 6 | – | – | 80 | 843 | 71 | – |
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
13 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
5 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 5 | – | – | – |
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
13 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 9 | – | – | – |
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
86 | 639 | 35 | 18 | – | – | 68 | 672 | 55 | – |
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
8 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
45 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 42 | – | – | – |
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
13 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 12 | – | – | – |
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
2 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Machinists |
326 | 824 | 35 | 13 | – | – | 313 | 844 | 49 | – |
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters |
31 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 30 | – | – | – |
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic |
3 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
28 | – | – | 7 | – | – | 21 | – | – | – |
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
2 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Tool and die makers |
43 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 43 | – | – | – |
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers |
558 | 743 | 23 | 23 | – | – | 535 | 753 | 23 | – |
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
2 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Layout workers, metal and plastic |
6 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 6 | – | – | – |
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
21 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 20 | – | – | – |
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners |
4 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other |
380 | 626 | 20 | 74 | 565 | 20 | 306 | 658 | 29 | 85.9 |
Prepress technicians and workers |
15 | – | – | 7 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Printing press operators |
170 | 701 | 30 | 33 | – | – | 137 | 748 | 41 | – |
Print binding and finishing workers |
11 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 9 | – | – | – |
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers |
135 | 454 | 32 | 80 | 436 | 33 | 55 | 486 | 34 | 89.7 |
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials |
30 | – | – | 20 | – | – | 10 | – | – | – |
Sewing machine operators |
165 | 437 | 15 | 114 | 452 | 15 | 52 | 407 | 16 | 111.1 |
Shoe and leather workers and repairers |
4 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Shoe machine operators and tenders |
1 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers |
32 | – | – | 25 | – | – | 7 | – | – | – |
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders |
0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders |
7 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders |
13 | – | – | 11 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders |
6 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers |
0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Fabric and apparel patternmakers |
1 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
Upholsterers |
20 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 19 | – | – | – |
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other |
13 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters |
35 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 30 | – | – | – |
Furniture finishers |
9 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – |
Model makers and patternmakers, wood |
0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood |
31 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 27 | – | – | – |
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing |
23 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 19 | – | – | – |
Woodworkers, all other |
17 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 15 | – | – | – |
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers |
39 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 37 | – | – | – |
Stationary engineers and boiler operators |
77 | 924 | 112 | 4 | – | – | 72 | 954 | 167 | – |
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators |
76 | 883 | 21 | 3 | – | – | 72 | 885 | 20 | – |
Miscellaneous plant and system operators |
42 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 38 | – | – | – |
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
50 | 924 | 251 | 4 | – | – | 46 | – | – | – |
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers |
88 | 643 | 38 | 6 | – | – | 82 | 642 | 37 | – |
Cutting workers |
62 | 576 | 73 | 13 | – | – | 50 | 546 | 175 | – |
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders |
24 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 19 | – | – | – |
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders |
11 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 10 | – | – | – |
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers |
686 | 714 | 14 | 241 | 584 | 19 | 445 | 834 | 35 | 70.0 |
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers |
18 | – | – | 7 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians |
64 | 615 | 38 | 31 | – | – | 33 | – | – | – |
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders |
224 | 488 | 16 | 113 | 425 | 17 | 112 | 574 | 32 | 74.0 |
Painting workers |
158 | 701 | 31 | 11 | – | – | 147 | 713 | 30 | – |
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators |
23 | – | – | 12 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Semiconductor processors |
2 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders |
12 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 7 | – | – | – |
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders |
2 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders |
0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Etchers and engravers |
3 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic |
16 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – |
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders |
27 | – | – | 7 | – | – | 21 | – | – | – |
Tire builders |
11 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 10 | – | – | – |
Helpers—production workers |
25 | – | – | 3 | – | – | 23 | – | – | – |
Production workers, all other |
887 | 622 | 13 | 246 | 515 | 12 | 641 | 690 | 17 | 74.6 |
Transportation and material moving occupations |
7,093 | 662 | 6 | 997 | 540 | 12 | 6,097 | 685 | 6 | 78.8 |
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers |
165 | 807 | 34 | 39 | – | – | 126 | 843 | 62 | – |
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers |
119 | 1,582 | 95 | 7 | – | – | 112 | 1,600 | 70 | – |
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists |
28 | – | – | 10 | – | – | 19 | – | – | – |
Flight attendants |
68 | 873 | 114 | 49 | – | – | 19 | – | – | – |
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians |
15 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 13 | – | – | – |
Bus drivers |
343 | 641 | 17 | 146 | 589 | 22 | 197 | 691 | 32 | 85.2 |
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers |
2,809 | 780 | 10 | 120 | 630 | 44 | 2,689 | 787 | 10 | 80.1 |
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs |
261 | 580 | 19 | 38 | – | – | 222 | 595 | 19 | – |
Motor vehicle operators, all other |
25 | – | – | 2 | – | – | 23 | – | – | – |
Locomotive engineers and operators |
45 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 45 | – | – | – |
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators |
3 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Railroad conductors and yardmasters |
52 | 1,160 | 92 | 1 | – | – | 51 | 1,148 | 91 | – |
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers |
13 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 13 | – | – | – |
Sailors and marine oilers |
15 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – |
Ship and boat captains and operators |
28 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 26 | – | – | – |
Ship engineers |
4 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Bridge and lock tenders |
3 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 3 | – | – | – |
Parking lot attendants |
67 | 519 | 18 | 4 | – | – | 62 | 513 | 19 | – |
Automotive and watercraft service attendants |
73 | 462 | 18 | 5 | – | – | 67 | 456 | 18 | – |
Transportation inspectors |
25 | – | – | 5 | – | – | 20 | – | – | – |
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants |
20 | – | – | 10 | – | – | 10 | – | – | – |
Other transportation workers |
31 | – | – | 7 | – | – | 24 | – | – | – |
Conveyor operators and tenders |
4 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 4 | – | – | – |
Crane and tower operators |
66 | 909 | 48 | 0 | – | – | 66 | 909 | 48 | – |
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators |
27 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 27 | – | – | – |
Hoist and winch operators |
11 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 10 | – | – | – |
Industrial truck and tractor operators |
564 | 602 | 9 | 54 | 563 | 30 | 510 | 604 | 10 | 93.2 |
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment |
252 | 491 | 14 | 28 | – | – | 224 | 487 | 14 | – |
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand |
1,417 | 566 | 11 | 221 | 509 | 11 | 1,196 | 580 | 8 | 87.8 |
Machine feeders and offbearers |
27 | – | – | 13 | – | – | 14 | – | – | – |
Packers and packagers, hand |
383 | 456 | 12 | 216 | 437 | 22 | 166 | 468 | 14 | 93.4 |
Pumping station operators |
13 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 11 | – | – | – |
Refuse and recyclable material collectors |
68 | 562 | 125 | 4 | – | – | 64 | 584 | 65 | – |
Mine shuttle car operators |
0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders |
3 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – |
Material moving workers, all other |
46 | – | – | 6 | – | – | 40 | – | – | – |
Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
State | Total | Women | Men | Women's earnings as a percentage of men's | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | ||
United States |
111,091 | $832 | $2 | 49,161 | $749 | $2 | 61,930 | $915 | $3 | 81.9 |
Alabama |
1,580 | 743 | 15 | 715 | 651 | 16 | 865 | 856 | 33 | 76.1 |
Alaska |
245 | 932 | 19 | 113 | 841 | 27 | 133 | 1,014 | 27 | 82.9 |
Arizona |
2,213 | 829 | 16 | 947 | 768 | 14 | 1,266 | 890 | 17 | 86.3 |
Arkansas |
1,014 | 716 | 13 | 459 | 638 | 16 | 555 | 769 | 17 | 83.0 |
California |
12,862 | 879 | 8 | 5,383 | 814 | 11 | 7,479 | 925 | 13 | 88.0 |
Colorado |
1,995 | 894 | 20 | 841 | 812 | 18 | 1,154 | 967 | 20 | 84.0 |
Connecticut |
1,232 | 1,014 | 27 | 555 | 876 | 33 | 677 | 1,164 | 35 | 75.3 |
Delaware |
357 | 831 | 22 | 166 | 775 | 21 | 191 | 902 | 27 | 85.9 |
District of Columbia |
306 | 1,198 | 33 | 152 | 1,117 | 28 | 154 | 1,274 | 38 | 87.7 |
Florida |
6,799 | 750 | 6 | 3,158 | 701 | 10 | 3,641 | 805 | 13 | 87.1 |
Georgia |
3,581 | 771 | 13 | 1,654 | 721 | 16 | 1,927 | 839 | 25 | 85.9 |
Hawaii |
494 | 794 | 16 | 218 | 718 | 21 | 276 | 869 | 29 | 82.6 |
Idaho |
540 | 759 | 14 | 220 | 645 | 18 | 320 | 843 | 19 | 76.5 |
Illinois |
4,513 | 887 | 12 | 1,979 | 775 | 13 | 2,534 | 978 | 19 | 79.2 |
Indiana |
2,402 | 762 | 16 | 1,079 | 702 | 22 | 1,322 | 829 | 22 | 84.7 |
Iowa |
1,143 | 763 | 13 | 528 | 684 | 17 | 614 | 895 | 23 | 76.4 |
Kansas |
1,026 | 762 | 13 | 460 | 692 | 19 | 566 | 851 | 33 | 81.3 |
Kentucky |
1,413 | 761 | 11 | 650 | 711 | 19 | 763 | 828 | 29 | 85.9 |
Louisiana |
1,517 | 757 | 15 | 704 | 659 | 21 | 813 | 863 | 28 | 76.4 |
Maine |
438 | 820 | 18 | 194 | 754 | 17 | 244 | 900 | 28 | 83.8 |
Maryland |
2,386 | 987 | 23 | 1,120 | 915 | 30 | 1,266 | 1,048 | 50 | 87.3 |
Massachusetts |
2,504 | 1,019 | 17 | 1,114 | 932 | 17 | 1,390 | 1,105 | 21 | 84.3 |
Michigan |
3,260 | 841 | 15 | 1,438 | 742 | 12 | 1,822 | 932 | 16 | 79.6 |
Minnesota |
2,035 | 946 | 16 | 901 | 849 | 25 | 1,134 | 1,020 | 28 | 83.2 |
Mississippi |
941 | 702 | 15 | 452 | 624 | 18 | 490 | 778 | 26 | 80.2 |
Missouri |
2,199 | 793 | 16 | 1,021 | 703 | 23 | 1,178 | 885 | 29 | 79.4 |
Montana |
314 | 781 | 17 | 138 | 705 | 19 | 176 | 866 | 23 | 81.4 |
Nebraska |
706 | 766 | 11 | 318 | 697 | 18 | 388 | 855 | 23 | 81.5 |
Nevada |
996 | 754 | 12 | 414 | 681 | 15 | 582 | 828 | 23 | 82.2 |
New Hampshire |
524 | 904 | 25 | 230 | 762 | 16 | 294 | 1,013 | 24 | 75.2 |
New Jersey |
3,324 | 998 | 13 | 1,448 | 894 | 25 | 1,877 | 1,113 | 27 | 80.3 |
New Mexico |
621 | 730 | 16 | 280 | 679 | 22 | 341 | 772 | 24 | 88.0 |
New York |
6,837 | 916 | 10 | 3,145 | 840 | 13 | 3,692 | 975 | 12 | 86.2 |
North Carolina |
3,533 | 761 | 10 | 1,598 | 704 | 11 | 1,935 | 836 | 19 | 84.2 |
North Dakota |
299 | 805 | 12 | 131 | 713 | 12 | 168 | 930 | 19 | 76.7 |
Ohio |
3,927 | 806 | 10 | 1,717 | 713 | 10 | 2,210 | 899 | 17 | 79.3 |
Oklahoma |
1,248 | 724 | 16 | 534 | 651 | 12 | 714 | 824 | 22 | 79.0 |
Oregon |
1,327 | 857 | 18 | 554 | 791 | 24 | 772 | 904 | 23 | 87.5 |
Pennsylvania |
4,453 | 857 | 12 | 1,984 | 741 | 11 | 2,468 | 956 | 12 | 77.5 |
Rhode Island |
385 | 839 | 19 | 179 | 765 | 30 | 206 | 907 | 21 | 84.3 |
South Carolina |
1,623 | 779 | 16 | 773 | 687 | 18 | 851 | 884 | 20 | 77.7 |
South Dakota |
309 | 778 | 14 | 137 | 670 | 12 | 172 | 876 | 16 | 76.5 |
Tennessee |
2,252 | 747 | 14 | 983 | 666 | 17 | 1,269 | 821 | 19 | 81.1 |
Texas |
9,801 | 780 | 8 | 4,197 | 707 | 10 | 5,603 | 860 | 12 | 82.2 |
Utah |
997 | 833 | 18 | 358 | 668 | 16 | 640 | 955 | 20 | 69.9 |
Vermont |
228 | 850 | 14 | 104 | 801 | 27 | 124 | 888 | 27 | 90.2 |
Virginia |
3,025 | 902 | 15 | 1,376 | 809 | 22 | 1,649 | 1,013 | 30 | 79.9 |
Washington |
2,506 | 929 | 21 | 1,065 | 814 | 18 | 1,441 | 1,056 | 33 | 77.1 |
West Virginia |
565 | 762 | 14 | 248 | 688 | 17 | 316 | 846 | 30 | 81.3 |
Wisconsin |
2,098 | 843 | 16 | 947 | 737 | 14 | 1,152 | 940 | 20 | 78.4 |
Wyoming |
199 | 848 | 17 | 82 | 699 | 22 | 117 | 970 | 28 | 72.1 |
Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Characteristic | Total | Women | Men | Women's earnings as a percentage of men's | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | ||
Age |
||||||||||
Total, 16 years and older |
24,832 | $252 | $1 | 16,259 | $255 | $2 | 8,573 | $245 | $2 | 104.1 |
16 to 24 years |
8,456 | 194 | 1 | 4,698 | 193 | 2 | 3,758 | 196 | 2 | 98.5 |
16 to 19 years |
3,572 | 157 | 2 | 1,893 | 152 | 3 | 1,678 | 162 | 3 | 93.8 |
20 to 24 years |
4,884 | 222 | 2 | 2,805 | 220 | 2 | 2,080 | 225 | 3 | 97.8 |
25 years and older |
16,376 | 291 | 2 | 11,561 | 291 | 2 | 4,815 | 292 | 3 | 99.7 |
25 to 34 years |
4,256 | 286 | 3 | 2,831 | 287 | 4 | 1,424 | 284 | 4 | 101.1 |
35 to 44 years |
3,189 | 303 | 4 | 2,493 | 304 | 5 | 696 | 301 | 9 | 101.0 |
45 to 54 years |
3,119 | 312 | 4 | 2,454 | 310 | 5 | 665 | 319 | 7 | 97.2 |
55 to 64 years |
3,254 | 298 | 4 | 2,304 | 296 | 5 | 950 | 303 | 8 | 97.7 |
65 years and older |
2,559 | 254 | 4 | 1,479 | 241 | 5 | 1,080 | 274 | 7 | 88.0 |
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
||||||||||
White |
19,536 | 254 | 1 | 12,913 | 259 | 2 | 6,623 | 244 | 2 | 106.1 |
Black or African American |
3,033 | 236 | 3 | 1,917 | 234 | 4 | 1,116 | 238 | 5 | 98.3 |
Asian |
1,305 | 264 | 6 | 827 | 267 | 8 | 478 | 260 | 8 | 102.7 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
4,115 | 247 | 3 | 2,667 | 246 | 3 | 1,449 | 250 | 5 | 98.4 |
Marital status |
||||||||||
Never married |
11,991 | 214 | 1 | 6,648 | 213 | 2 | 5,342 | 216 | 2 | 98.6 |
Married, spouse present(1) |
9,310 | 307 | 2 | 6,923 | 305 | 3 | 2,387 | 312 | 5 | 97.8 |
Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) |
3,531 | 270 | 3 | 2,688 | 268 | 4 | 843 | 279 | 7 | 96.1 |
Widowed |
749 | 247 | 7 | 637 | 246 | 8 | 112 | 250 | 22 | 98.4 |
Divorced |
1,957 | 286 | 5 | 1,463 | 281 | 6 | 495 | 299 | 10 | 94.0 |
Separated(2) |
825 | 259 | 6 | 589 | 260 | 7 | 236 | 258 | 10 | 100.8 |
(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only. See the technical notes section. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. See the technical notes section. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Hours of work | Total | Women | Men | Women's earnings as a percentage of men's | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median | ||
Total, 16 years and older |
136,101 | $715 | $2 | 65,512 | $616 | $2 | 70,589 | $821 | $3 | 75.0 |
0 to 34 hours |
22,690 | 254 | 1 | 14,888 | 258 | 1 | 7,801 | 247 | 2 | 104.5 |
0 to 4 hours |
545 | 61 | 2 | 365 | 61 | 3 | 179 | 62 | 4 | 98.4 |
5 to 9 hours |
1,191 | 90 | 2 | 786 | 93 | 3 | 406 | 84 | 4 | 110.7 |
10 to 14 hours |
1,987 | 117 | 1 | 1,346 | 118 | 1 | 641 | 115 | 2 | 102.6 |
15 to 19 hours |
2,724 | 168 | 1 | 1,770 | 172 | 2 | 954 | 163 | 2 | 105.5 |
20 to 24 hours |
6,692 | 229 | 2 | 4,343 | 239 | 2 | 2,349 | 217 | 2 | 110.1 |
25 to 29 hours |
3,485 | 284 | 3 | 2,326 | 286 | 3 | 1,159 | 279 | 4 | 102.5 |
30 to 34 hours |
6,064 | 362 | 3 | 3,951 | 374 | 4 | 2,113 | 339 | 5 | 110.3 |
35 hours and over |
106,045 | 838 | 3 | 47,166 | 755 | 2 | 58,879 | 919 | 3 | 82.2 |
35 to 39 hours |
8,148 | 527 | 5 | 5,386 | 544 | 6 | 2,762 | 495 | 8 | 109.9 |
40 hours |
76,021 | 774 | 2 | 34,944 | 732 | 2 | 41,077 | 823 | 4 | 88.9 |
41 hours and over |
21,876 | 1,250 | 5 | 6,836 | 1,129 | 8 | 15,040 | 1,332 | 9 | 84.8 |
41 to 44 hours |
1,130 | 943 | 21 | 436 | 857 | 24 | 694 | 1,003 | 29 | 85.4 |
45 to 48 hours |
6,141 | 1,098 | 14 | 2,171 | 996 | 15 | 3,970 | 1,152 | 10 | 86.5 |
49 to 59 hours |
9,834 | 1,351 | 9 | 3,057 | 1,214 | 18 | 6,777 | 1,409 | 14 | 86.2 |
60 hours and over |
4,772 | 1,412 | 18 | 1,172 | 1,226 | 33 | 3,600 | 1,474 | 22 | 83.2 |
Hours vary |
7,366 | 493 | 7 | 3,457 | 380 | 6 | 3,909 | 656 | 16 | 57.9 |
Usually less than 35 hours |
2,142 | 221 | 4 | 1,371 | 222 | 5 | 772 | 220 | 7 | 100.9 |
Usually 35 or more hours |
5,046 | 697 | 13 | 1,995 | 521 | 14 | 3,051 | 817 | 16 | 63.8 |
Note: Data are for the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Characteristic | Total employed | Number of workers with usual weekly earnings of— | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Under $350.00 | $350.00 to $499.99 | $500.00 to $599.99 | $600.00 to $749.99 | $750.00 to $999.99 | $1,000.00 to $1,199.99 | $1,200.00 to $1,999.99 | $2,000.00 or more | ||
Age |
|||||||||
Total, 16 years and older |
111,091 | 5,903 | 16,067 | 10,429 | 15,085 | 19,018 | 11,406 | 21,707 | 11,476 |
16 to 24 years |
10,076 | 1,553 | 3,432 | 1,581 | 1,522 | 1,059 | 447 | 400 | 81 |
16 to 19 years |
1,289 | 377 | 544 | 141 | 114 | 70 | 23 | 17 | 4 |
20 to 24 years |
8,786 | 1,177 | 2,888 | 1,440 | 1,408 | 990 | 424 | 383 | 78 |
25 years and older |
101,015 | 4,350 | 12,635 | 8,848 | 13,564 | 17,958 | 10,959 | 21,307 | 11,395 |
25 to 34 years |
27,456 | 1,378 | 4,501 | 3,112 | 4,375 | 5,205 | 2,840 | 4,517 | 1,528 |
35 to 44 years |
25,284 | 1,017 | 2,921 | 1,960 | 3,170 | 4,436 | 2,839 | 5,687 | 3,254 |
45 to 54 years |
25,652 | 968 | 2,784 | 1,994 | 3,108 | 4,467 | 2,834 | 5,933 | 3,563 |
55 to 64 years |
18,496 | 705 | 1,906 | 1,400 | 2,417 | 3,198 | 2,052 | 4,283 | 2,535 |
65 years and older |
4,128 | 281 | 523 | 383 | 494 | 652 | 394 | 887 | 514 |
Women, 16 years and older |
49,161 | 3,322 | 8,317 | 5,197 | 7,232 | 8,765 | 4,861 | 8,162 | 3,305 |
16 to 24 years |
4,430 | 793 | 1,573 | 673 | 633 | 452 | 172 | 113 | 21 |
16 to 19 years |
545 | 187 | 235 | 50 | 44 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 2 |
20 to 24 years |
3,885 | 606 | 1,338 | 622 | 589 | 436 | 164 | 111 | 19 |
25 years and older |
44,731 | 2,528 | 6,744 | 4,524 | 6,599 | 8,313 | 4,689 | 8,049 | 3,284 |
25 to 34 years |
11,972 | 735 | 2,256 | 1,455 | 2,002 | 2,236 | 1,161 | 1,676 | 449 |
35 to 44 years |
10,900 | 603 | 1,540 | 956 | 1,466 | 1,996 | 1,225 | 2,147 | 967 |
45 to 54 years |
11,555 | 595 | 1,567 | 1,093 | 1,571 | 2,177 | 1,246 | 2,242 | 1,063 |
55 to 64 years |
8,504 | 447 | 1,097 | 819 | 1,304 | 1,613 | 884 | 1,667 | 675 |
65 years and older |
1,800 | 149 | 285 | 201 | 256 | 291 | 172 | 317 | 130 |
Men, 16 years and older |
61,930 | 2,581 | 7,749 | 5,232 | 7,853 | 10,253 | 6,546 | 13,545 | 8,171 |
16 to 24 years |
5,646 | 760 | 1,859 | 908 | 888 | 608 | 275 | 287 | 60 |
16 to 19 years |
745 | 190 | 309 | 90 | 70 | 53 | 15 | 15 | 2 |
20 to 24 years |
4,901 | 570 | 1,550 | 818 | 819 | 554 | 260 | 272 | 58 |
25 years and older |
56,284 | 1,821 | 5,890 | 4,324 | 6,965 | 9,645 | 6,270 | 13,258 | 8,111 |
25 to 34 years |
15,484 | 644 | 2,245 | 1,656 | 2,373 | 2,969 | 1,678 | 2,841 | 1,079 |
35 to 44 years |
14,383 | 415 | 1,381 | 1,003 | 1,704 | 2,440 | 1,614 | 3,540 | 2,287 |
45 to 54 years |
14,097 | 373 | 1,217 | 901 | 1,537 | 2,290 | 1,587 | 3,691 | 2,501 |
55 to 64 years |
9,992 | 258 | 810 | 581 | 1,113 | 1,585 | 1,168 | 2,616 | 1,861 |
65 years and older |
2,328 | 132 | 238 | 182 | 238 | 361 | 222 | 570 | 384 |
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|||||||||
White |
86,474 | 4,186 | 11,694 | 7,841 | 11,650 | 14,905 | 9,207 | 17,659 | 9,332 |
Women |
37,163 | 2,311 | 5,949 | 3,835 | 5,478 | 6,741 | 3,828 | 6,446 | 2,575 |
Men |
49,310 | 1,875 | 5,744 | 4,006 | 6,172 | 8,164 | 5,379 | 11,213 | 6,758 |
Black or African American |
13,963 | 1,144 | 2,890 | 1,622 | 2,151 | 2,543 | 1,189 | 1,732 | 691 |
Women |
7,235 | 676 | 1,605 | 887 | 1,139 | 1,268 | 600 | 767 | 294 |
Men |
6,728 | 469 | 1,285 | 736 | 1,013 | 1,275 | 589 | 966 | 397 |
Asian |
7,030 | 294 | 810 | 532 | 741 | 986 | 707 | 1,763 | 1,197 |
Women |
3,142 | 178 | 422 | 283 | 371 | 476 | 312 | 761 | 339 |
Men |
3,888 | 116 | 389 | 249 | 370 | 510 | 394 | 1,002 | 858 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
18,950 | 1,549 | 4,522 | 2,358 | 3,137 | 2,887 | 1,428 | 2,216 | 853 |
Women |
7,284 | 800 | 1,953 | 945 | 1,126 | 1,074 | 461 | 675 | 249 |
Men |
11,666 | 749 | 2,569 | 1,413 | 2,010 | 1,812 | 967 | 1,541 | 604 |
Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Characteristic | Number of workers (thousands) | Median weekly earnings | Standard error of median |
---|---|---|---|
Women |
|||
Total, all marital statuses |
49,161 | $749 | $2 |
With children under 18 years old |
17,288 | 756 | 4 |
With children 6 to 17, none younger |
10,517 | 772 | 6 |
With children under 6 years old |
6,771 | 730 | 7 |
With no children under 18 years old |
31,873 | 746 | 3 |
Total, married, spouse present(1) |
24,849 | 838 | 5 |
With children under 18 years old |
11,327 | 870 | 7 |
With children 6 to 17, none younger |
6,810 | 857 | 9 |
With children under 6 years old |
4,516 | 885 | 9 |
With no children under 18 years old |
13,523 | 815 | 6 |
Total, other marital statuses(2) |
24,312 | 671 | 3 |
With children under 18 years old |
5,961 | 607 | 4 |
With children 6 to 17, none younger |
3,706 | 662 | 8 |
With children under 6 years old |
2,255 | 524 | 7 |
With no children under 18 years old |
18,350 | 697 | 4 |
Men |
|||
Total, all marital statuses |
61,930 | 915 | 3 |
With children under 18 years old |
22,021 | 1,013 | 5 |
With children 6 to 17, none younger |
11,953 | 1,085 | 12 |
With children under 6 years old |
10,068 | 952 | 8 |
With no children under 18 years old |
39,909 | 861 | 4 |
Total, married, spouse present(1) |
36,195 | 1,062 | 6 |
With children under 18 years old |
19,297 | 1,071 | 8 |
With children 6 to 17, none younger |
10,623 | 1,134 | 9 |
With children under 6 years old |
8,674 | 1,013 | 8 |
With no children under 18 years old |
16,898 | 1,053 | 8 |
Total, other marital statuses(2) |
25,736 | 732 | 4 |
With children under 18 years old |
2,724 | 719 | 10 |
With children 6 to 17, none younger |
1,330 | 813 | 21 |
With children under 6 years old |
1,394 | 652 | 13 |
With no children under 18 years old |
23,011 | 733 | 4 |
(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only. See the technical notes section. (2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent. See the technical notes section. Note: "Children" refers to "own" children and includes sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household. Not included are other related children, such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children in the household. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Characteristic | Total | Women | Men | Women's earnings as a percentage of men's | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of workers (thousands) | Median hourly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median hourly earnings | Standard error of median | Number of workers (thousands) | Median hourly earnings | Standard error of median | ||
Age |
||||||||||
Total, 16 years and older |
79,883 | $14.00 | $0.03 | 40,315 | $13.01 | $0.03 | 39,568 | $14.96 | $0.02 | 87.0 |
16 to 24 years |
15,856 | 10.12 | 0.01 | 7,890 | 10.00 | 0.02 | 7,967 | 10.24 | 0.04 | 97.7 |
16 to 19 years |
4,592 | 9.20 | 0.03 | 2,314 | 9.07 | 0.03 | 2,278 | 9.48 | 0.09 | 95.7 |
20 to 24 years |
11,264 | 10.79 | 0.05 | 5,576 | 10.25 | 0.04 | 5,688 | 11.15 | 0.05 | 91.9 |
25 years and older |
64,026 | 15.13 | 0.02 | 32,425 | 14.23 | 0.06 | 31,601 | 16.25 | 0.08 | 87.6 |
25 to 34 years |
18,988 | 14.00 | 0.04 | 9,044 | 13.08 | 0.06 | 9,943 | 14.83 | 0.04 | 88.2 |
35 to 44 years |
14,609 | 15.77 | 0.11 | 7,285 | 14.75 | 0.12 | 7,324 | 17.20 | 0.15 | 85.8 |
45 to 54 years |
14,957 | 16.29 | 0.12 | 7,727 | 14.97 | 0.05 | 7,229 | 18.03 | 0.08 | 83.0 |
55 to 64 years |
11,742 | 16.20 | 0.12 | 6,321 | 15.10 | 0.05 | 5,421 | 18.05 | 0.11 | 83.7 |
65 years and older |
3,731 | 13.77 | 0.20 | 2,048 | 13.02 | 0.15 | 1,683 | 14.78 | 0.18 | 88.1 |
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
||||||||||
White |
61,080 | 14.24 | 0.05 | 30,256 | 13.20 | 0.05 | 30,823 | 15.13 | 0.03 | 87.2 |
Black or African American |
11,681 | 12.49 | 0.10 | 6,385 | 12.09 | 0.06 | 5,297 | 13.06 | 0.09 | 92.6 |
Asian |
3,962 | 14.79 | 0.12 | 2,121 | 14.07 | 0.14 | 1,841 | 15.04 | 0.08 | 93.6 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
16,241 | 12.69 | 0.08 | 7,197 | 11.79 | 0.06 | 9,044 | 13.83 | 0.10 | 85.2 |
Marital status |
||||||||||
Never married |
31,473 | 11.78 | 0.04 | 14,975 | 11.03 | 0.04 | 16,498 | 12.10 | 0.03 | 91.2 |
Married, spouse present(1) |
35,193 | 16.07 | 0.04 | 17,195 | 14.91 | 0.03 | 17,999 | 17.73 | 0.10 | 84.1 |
Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) |
13,216 | 14.75 | 0.09 | 8,145 | 13.81 | 0.09 | 5,071 | 15.78 | 0.16 | 87.5 |
Widowed |
1,642 | 13.63 | 0.25 | 1,273 | 13.15 | 0.22 | 369 | 15.11 | 0.20 | 87.0 |
Divorced |
8,230 | 15.17 | 0.05 | 4,994 | 14.62 | 0.18 | 3,235 | 16.86 | 0.20 | 86.7 |
Separated(2) |
3,344 | 13.02 | 0.11 | 1,878 | 12.17 | 0.12 | 1,466 | 14.11 | 0.18 | 86.3 |
Union affiliation(3) |
||||||||||
Members of unions(4) |
8,606 | 19.55 | 0.18 | 3,369 | 17.50 | 0.23 | 5,237 | 20.93 | 0.21 | 83.6 |
Represented by unions(5) |
9,525 | 19.15 | 0.16 | 3,829 | 17.23 | 0.18 | 5,696 | 20.55 | 0.26 | 83.9 |
Not represented by a union |
70,357 | 13.34 | 0.05 | 36,486 | 12.68 | 0.05 | 33,872 | 14.23 | 0.07 | 89.1 |
Educational attainment |
||||||||||
Total, 25 years and older |
64,026 | 15.13 | 0.02 | 32,425 | 14.23 | 0.06 | 31,601 | 16.25 | 0.08 | 87.6 |
Less than a high school diploma |
6,854 | 11.68 | 0.11 | 2,660 | 10.20 | 0.03 | 4,194 | 12.65 | 0.13 | 80.6 |
High school graduates, no college |
21,880 | 14.52 | 0.09 | 9,878 | 12.73 | 0.07 | 12,002 | 15.93 | 0.07 | 79.9 |
Some college or associate's degree |
21,344 | 15.43 | 0.09 | 11,561 | 14.68 | 0.10 | 9,783 | 17.20 | 0.11 | 85.3 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
13,948 | 19.94 | 0.05 | 8,326 | 19.53 | 0.20 | 5,622 | 20.79 | 0.31 | 93.9 |
(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only. See the technical notes section. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. See the technical notes section. (3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region. (4) Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (5) Union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Characteristic | Total employed | Number of workers with hourly earnings of— | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Under $6.00 | $6.00 to $7.99 | $8.00 to $9.99 | $10.00 to $11.99 | $12.00 to $14.99 | $15.00 to $19.99 | $20.00 or more | ||
Age |
||||||||
Total, 16 years and older |
79,883 | 1,160 | 2,017 | 10,525 | 14,646 | 14,604 | 16,603 | 20,327 |
16 to 24 years |
15,856 | 471 | 1,068 | 4,535 | 4,482 | 2,922 | 1,695 | 683 |
16 to 19 years |
4,592 | 153 | 587 | 1,967 | 1,251 | 411 | 177 | 45 |
20 to 24 years |
11,264 | 318 | 481 | 2,568 | 3,231 | 2,510 | 1,518 | 638 |
25 years and older |
64,026 | 689 | 949 | 5,990 | 10,164 | 11,682 | 14,908 | 19,644 |
25 to 34 years |
18,988 | 325 | 352 | 2,127 | 3,543 | 4,040 | 4,505 | 4,096 |
35 to 44 years |
14,609 | 151 | 181 | 1,275 | 2,149 | 2,517 | 3,376 | 4,960 |
45 to 54 years |
14,957 | 117 | 198 | 1,140 | 2,065 | 2,519 | 3,450 | 5,467 |
55 to 64 years |
11,742 | 77 | 120 | 960 | 1,631 | 1,930 | 2,848 | 4,176 |
65 years and older |
3,731 | 18 | 98 | 489 | 776 | 676 | 729 | 946 |
Women, 16 years and older |
40,315 | 774 | 1,235 | 6,278 | 8,013 | 7,660 | 7,929 | 8,426 |
16 to 24 years |
7,890 | 321 | 619 | 2,400 | 2,257 | 1,368 | 664 | 260 |
16 to 19 years |
2,314 | 93 | 331 | 1,044 | 589 | 177 | 63 | 16 |
20 to 24 years |
5,576 | 228 | 288 | 1,356 | 1,668 | 1,191 | 601 | 244 |
25 years and older |
32,425 | 453 | 616 | 3,878 | 5,757 | 6,292 | 7,265 | 8,165 |
25 to 34 years |
9,044 | 208 | 219 | 1,252 | 1,829 | 1,962 | 1,894 | 1,681 |
35 to 44 years |
7,285 | 105 | 133 | 842 | 1,239 | 1,356 | 1,620 | 1,990 |
45 to 54 years |
7,727 | 69 | 136 | 787 | 1,267 | 1,456 | 1,739 | 2,273 |
55 to 64 years |
6,321 | 61 | 65 | 690 | 986 | 1,122 | 1,620 | 1,776 |
65 years and older |
2,048 | 11 | 62 | 306 | 435 | 396 | 392 | 445 |
Men, 16 years and older |
39,568 | 386 | 783 | 4,247 | 6,633 | 6,944 | 8,674 | 11,902 |
16 to 24 years |
7,967 | 150 | 449 | 2,135 | 2,226 | 1,553 | 1,031 | 423 |
16 to 19 years |
2,278 | 60 | 256 | 922 | 663 | 234 | 114 | 29 |
20 to 24 years |
5,688 | 90 | 193 | 1,212 | 1,563 | 1,319 | 917 | 394 |
25 years and older |
31,601 | 236 | 333 | 2,112 | 4,407 | 5,390 | 7,643 | 11,479 |
25 to 34 years |
9,943 | 117 | 134 | 875 | 1,714 | 2,079 | 2,611 | 2,414 |
35 to 44 years |
7,324 | 46 | 48 | 433 | 910 | 1,161 | 1,757 | 2,969 |
45 to 54 years |
7,229 | 48 | 62 | 353 | 798 | 1,062 | 1,711 | 3,195 |
55 to 64 years |
5,421 | 16 | 55 | 270 | 645 | 809 | 1,227 | 2,399 |
65 years and older |
1,683 | 8 | 35 | 182 | 341 | 280 | 336 | 501 |
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
||||||||
White |
61,080 | 938 | 1,343 | 7,584 | 10,855 | 11,060 | 12,874 | 16,425 |
Women |
30,256 | 647 | 814 | 4,510 | 5,879 | 5,777 | 5,993 | 6,637 |
Men |
30,823 | 292 | 530 | 3,074 | 4,975 | 5,284 | 6,881 | 9,788 |
Black or African American |
11,681 | 124 | 537 | 2,024 | 2,393 | 2,210 | 2,326 | 2,067 |
Women |
6,385 | 65 | 339 | 1,228 | 1,362 | 1,166 | 1,274 | 950 |
Men |
5,297 | 59 | 198 | 795 | 1,031 | 1,044 | 1,052 | 1,116 |
Asian |
3,962 | 59 | 63 | 417 | 723 | 715 | 777 | 1,209 |
Women |
2,121 | 37 | 38 | 237 | 415 | 400 | 399 | 595 |
Men |
1,841 | 22 | 25 | 180 | 309 | 315 | 378 | 613 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
16,241 | 209 | 325 | 2,308 | 3,889 | 3,277 | 3,350 | 2,884 |
Women |
7,197 | 132 | 201 | 1,316 | 1,949 | 1,457 | 1,241 | 901 |
Men |
9,044 | 77 | 124 | 992 | 1,940 | 1,819 | 2,109 | 1,983 |
Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Characteristic | Workers paid hourly rates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (thousands) | Below prevailing federal minimum wage (thousands) | At prevailing federal minimum wage (thousands) | Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage | ||
Number (thousands) | Percentage of workers paid hourly rates | ||||
Age |
|||||
Total, 16 years and older |
79,883 | 1,451 | 701 | 2,153 | 2.7 |
16 to 24 years |
15,856 | 594 | 383 | 976 | 6.2 |
16 to 19 years |
4,592 | 229 | 214 | 443 | 9.7 |
20 to 24 years |
11,264 | 364 | 169 | 533 | 4.7 |
25 years and older |
64,026 | 857 | 319 | 1,176 | 1.8 |
25 to 34 years |
18,988 | 393 | 132 | 526 | 2.8 |
35 to 44 years |
14,609 | 178 | 63 | 241 | 1.6 |
45 to 54 years |
14,957 | 152 | 65 | 217 | 1.5 |
55 to 64 years |
11,742 | 100 | 28 | 129 | 1.1 |
65 years and older |
3,731 | 34 | 30 | 64 | 1.7 |
Women, 16 years and older |
40,315 | 952 | 432 | 1,384 | 3.4 |
16 to 24 years |
7,890 | 384 | 235 | 619 | 7.8 |
16 to 19 years |
2,314 | 133 | 127 | 260 | 11.3 |
20 to 24 years |
5,576 | 251 | 108 | 359 | 6.4 |
25 years and older |
32,425 | 568 | 196 | 764 | 2.4 |
25 to 34 years |
9,044 | 257 | 73 | 330 | 3.6 |
35 to 44 years |
7,285 | 125 | 43 | 168 | 2.3 |
45 to 54 years |
7,727 | 88 | 45 | 132 | 1.7 |
55 to 64 years |
6,321 | 77 | 14 | 91 | 1.4 |
65 years and older |
2,048 | 21 | 21 | 43 | 2.1 |
Men, 16 years and older |
39,568 | 499 | 270 | 769 | 1.9 |
16 to 24 years |
7,967 | 210 | 147 | 357 | 4.5 |
16 to 19 years |
2,278 | 96 | 87 | 183 | 8.0 |
20 to 24 years |
5,688 | 114 | 61 | 174 | 3.1 |
25 years and older |
31,601 | 289 | 122 | 412 | 1.3 |
25 to 34 years |
9,943 | 136 | 60 | 196 | 2.0 |
35 to 44 years |
7,324 | 53 | 19 | 72 | 1.0 |
45 to 54 years |
7,229 | 64 | 21 | 85 | 1.2 |
55 to 64 years |
5,421 | 24 | 14 | 38 | 0.7 |
65 years and older |
1,683 | 13 | 9 | 21 | 1.3 |
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|||||
White |
61,080 | 1,127 | 469 | 1,597 | 2.6 |
Women |
30,256 | 763 | 280 | 1,043 | 3.4 |
Men |
30,823 | 364 | 190 | 554 | 1.8 |
Black or African American |
11,681 | 197 | 193 | 390 | 3.3 |
Women |
6,385 | 103 | 131 | 234 | 3.7 |
Men |
5,297 | 93 | 62 | 156 | 2.9 |
Asian |
3,962 | 75 | 21 | 96 | 2.4 |
Women |
2,121 | 50 | 11 | 61 | 2.9 |
Men |
1,841 | 25 | 10 | 35 | 1.9 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
16,241 | 264 | 103 | 366 | 2.3 |
Women |
7,197 | 171 | 59 | 229 | 3.2 |
Men |
9,044 | 93 | 44 | 137 | 1.5 |
Full- and part-time status(1) |
|||||
Full-time workers |
59,198 | 702 | 183 | 884 | 1.5 |
Women |
26,780 | 434 | 116 | 550 | 2.1 |
Men |
32,418 | 268 | 66 | 334 | 1.0 |
Part-time workers |
20,582 | 748 | 519 | 1,267 | 6.2 |
Women |
13,474 | 517 | 316 | 833 | 6.2 |
Men |
7,108 | 231 | 203 | 434 | 6.1 |
(1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total wage and salary workers (thousands) | Workers paid hourly rates | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (thousands) | Percentage of total wage and salary workers | Below prevailing federal minimum wage(1) (thousands) | At prevailing federal minimum wage(1) (thousands) | Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage | |||
Number (thousands) | Percentage of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||
Total |
|||||||
1979 |
87,529 | 51,721 | 59.1 | 2,916 | 3,997 | 6,912 | 13.4 |
1980 |
87,644 | 51,335 | 58.6 | 3,087 | 4,686 | 7,773 | 15.1 |
1981 |
88,516 | 51,869 | 58.6 | 3,513 | 4,311 | 7,824 | 15.1 |
1982 |
87,368 | 50,846 | 58.2 | 2,348 | 4,148 | 6,496 | 12.8 |
1983 |
88,290 | 51,820 | 58.7 | 2,077 | 4,261 | 6,338 | 12.2 |
1984 |
92,194 | 54,143 | 58.7 | 1,838 | 4,125 | 5,963 | 11.0 |
1985 |
94,521 | 55,762 | 59.0 | 1,639 | 3,899 | 5,538 | 9.9 |
1986 |
96,903 | 57,529 | 59.4 | 1,599 | 3,461 | 5,060 | 8.8 |
1987 |
99,303 | 59,552 | 60.0 | 1,468 | 3,229 | 4,698 | 7.9 |
1988 |
101,407 | 60,878 | 60.0 | 1,319 | 2,608 | 3,927 | 6.5 |
1989 |
103,480 | 62,389 | 60.3 | 1,372 | 1,790 | 3,162 | 5.1 |
1990 |
104,876 | 63,172 | 60.2 | 2,132 | 1,096 | 3,228 | 5.1 |
1991 |
103,723 | 62,627 | 60.4 | 2,377 | 2,906 | 5,283 | 8.4 |
1992 |
104,668 | 63,610 | 60.8 | 1,939 | 2,982 | 4,921 | 7.7 |
1993 |
106,101 | 64,274 | 60.6 | 1,707 | 2,625 | 4,332 | 6.7 |
1994 |
107,989 | 66,549 | 61.6 | 1,995 | 2,132 | 4,128 | 6.2 |
1995 |
110,038 | 68,354 | 62.1 | 1,699 | 1,956 | 3,656 | 5.3 |
1996 |
111,960 | 69,255 | 61.9 | 1,863 | 1,861 | 3,724 | 5.4 |
1997 |
114,533 | 70,735 | 61.8 | 2,990 | 1,764 | 4,754 | 6.7 |
1998 |
116,730 | 71,440 | 61.2 | 2,834 | 1,593 | 4,427 | 6.2 |
1999 |
118,963 | 72,306 | 60.8 | 2,194 | 1,146 | 3,340 | 4.6 |
2000 |
122,089 | 73,496 | 60.2 | 1,752 | 898 | 2,650 | 3.6 |
2001 |
122,229 | 73,392 | 60.0 | 1,518 | 656 | 2,174 | 3.0 |
2002 |
121,826 | 72,508 | 59.5 | 1,579 | 567 | 2,146 | 3.0 |
2003 |
122,358 | 72,946 | 59.6 | 1,555 | 545 | 2,100 | 2.9 |
2004 |
123,554 | 73,939 | 59.8 | 1,483 | 520 | 2,003 | 2.7 |
2005 |
125,889 | 75,609 | 60.1 | 1,403 | 479 | 1,882 | 2.5 |
2006 |
128,237 | 76,514 | 59.7 | 1,283 | 409 | 1,692 | 2.2 |
2007 |
129,767 | 75,873 | 58.5 | 1,462 | 267 | 1,729 | 2.3 |
2008 |
129,377 | 75,305 | 58.2 | 1,940 | 286 | 2,226 | 3.0 |
2009 |
124,490 | 72,611 | 58.3 | 2,592 | 980 | 3,572 | 4.9 |
2010 |
124,073 | 72,902 | 58.8 | 2,541 | 1,820 | 4,361 | 6.0 |
2011 |
125,187 | 73,926 | 59.1 | 2,152 | 1,677 | 3,829 | 5.2 |
2012 |
127,577 | 75,276 | 59.0 | 1,984 | 1,566 | 3,550 | 4.7 |
2013 |
129,110 | 75,948 | 58.8 | 1,768 | 1,532 | 3,301 | 4.3 |
2014 |
131,431 | 77,207 | 58.7 | 1,737 | 1,255 | 2,992 | 3.9 |
2015 |
133,743 | 78,232 | 58.5 | 1,691 | 870 | 2,561 | 3.3 |
2016 |
136,101 | 79,883 | 58.7 | 1,451 | 701 | 2,153 | 2.7 |
Women |
|||||||
1979 |
38,129 | 23,329 | 61.2 | 2,070 | 2,644 | 4,714 | 20.2 |
1980 |
38,944 | 23,626 | 60.7 | 2,104 | 2,990 | 5,095 | 21.6 |
1981 |
39,672 | 24,294 | 61.2 | 2,394 | 2,778 | 5,172 | 21.3 |
1982 |
39,777 | 24,365 | 61.3 | 1,651 | 2,561 | 4,212 | 17.3 |
1983 |
40,433 | 24,989 | 61.8 | 1,492 | 2,603 | 4,095 | 16.4 |
1984 |
42,172 | 26,003 | 61.7 | 1,348 | 2,499 | 3,847 | 14.8 |
1985 |
43,506 | 26,869 | 61.8 | 1,198 | 2,356 | 3,554 | 13.2 |
1986 |
44,961 | 27,863 | 62.0 | 1,192 | 2,125 | 3,317 | 11.9 |
1987 |
46,365 | 29,078 | 62.7 | 1,105 | 1,946 | 3,051 | 10.5 |
1988 |
47,495 | 29,820 | 62.8 | 1,008 | 1,542 | 2,550 | 8.6 |
1989 |
48,691 | 30,702 | 63.1 | 994 | 1,056 | 2,050 | 6.7 |
1990 |
49,323 | 31,069 | 63.0 | 1,420 | 711 | 2,131 | 6.9 |
1991 |
49,105 | 30,988 | 63.1 | 1,582 | 1,792 | 3,374 | 10.9 |
1992 |
49,842 | 31,454 | 63.1 | 1,286 | 1,751 | 3,036 | 9.7 |
1993 |
50,626 | 31,937 | 63.1 | 1,133 | 1,534 | 2,667 | 8.4 |
1994 |
51,419 | 33,021 | 64.2 | 1,322 | 1,241 | 2,563 | 7.8 |
1995 |
52,369 | 33,934 | 64.8 | 1,157 | 1,161 | 2,318 | 6.8 |
1996 |
53,488 | 34,418 | 64.3 | 1,244 | 1,106 | 2,350 | 6.8 |
1997 |
54,708 | 35,214 | 64.4 | 1,843 | 1,092 | 2,935 | 8.3 |
1998 |
55,757 | 35,680 | 64.0 | 1,794 | 965 | 2,760 | 7.7 |
1999 |
57,050 | 36,233 | 63.5 | 1,426 | 700 | 2,126 | 5.9 |
2000 |
58,427 | 36,777 | 62.9 | 1,170 | 579 | 1,749 | 4.8 |
2001 |
58,582 | 36,848 | 62.9 | 1,021 | 409 | 1,430 | 3.9 |
2002 |
58,555 | 36,508 | 62.3 | 997 | 350 | 1,347 | 3.7 |
2003 |
59,122 | 37,093 | 62.7 | 1,062 | 332 | 1,394 | 3.8 |
2004 |
59,408 | 37,133 | 62.5 | 1,013 | 310 | 1,323 | 3.6 |
2005 |
60,423 | 37,957 | 62.8 | 944 | 290 | 1,234 | 3.3 |
2006 |
61,426 | 38,321 | 62.4 | 861 | 263 | 1,124 | 2.9 |
2007 |
62,299 | 38,082 | 61.1 | 1,002 | 181 | 1,183 | 3.1 |
2008 |
62,532 | 37,972 | 60.7 | 1,302 | 196 | 1,498 | 3.9 |
2009 |
60,951 | 37,426 | 61.4 | 1,603 | 612 | 2,215 | 5.9 |
2010 |
60,542 | 37,404 | 61.8 | 1,598 | 1,151 | 2,749 | 7.3 |
2011 |
60,502 | 37,469 | 61.9 | 1,366 | 1,029 | 2,395 | 6.4 |
2012 |
61,679 | 38,163 | 61.9 | 1,288 | 999 | 2,287 | 6.0 |
2013 |
62,316 | 38,404 | 61.6 | 1,148 | 910 | 2,058 | 5.4 |
2014 |
63,383 | 38,802 | 61.2 | 1,139 | 739 | 1,878 | 4.8 |
2015 |
64,445 | 39,500 | 61.3 | 1,062 | 540 | 1,602 | 4.1 |
2016 |
65,512 | 40,315 | 61.5 | 952 | 432 | 1,384 | 3.4 |
Men |
|||||||
1979 |
49,400 | 28,392 | 57.5 | 846 | 1,353 | 2,199 | 7.7 |
1980 |
48,700 | 27,709 | 56.9 | 983 | 1,696 | 2,678 | 9.7 |
1981 |
48,844 | 27,576 | 56.5 | 1,119 | 1,533 | 2,652 | 9.6 |
1982 |
47,591 | 26,481 | 55.6 | 697 | 1,587 | 2,284 | 8.6 |
1983 |
47,856 | 26,831 | 56.1 | 585 | 1,658 | 2,243 | 8.4 |
1984 |
50,022 | 28,140 | 56.3 | 490 | 1,626 | 2,116 | 7.5 |
1985 |
51,015 | 28,893 | 56.6 | 440 | 1,544 | 1,984 | 6.9 |
1986 |
51,942 | 29,666 | 57.1 | 408 | 1,336 | 1,743 | 5.9 |
1987 |
52,938 | 30,474 | 57.6 | 364 | 1,283 | 1,647 | 5.4 |
1988 |
53,912 | 31,058 | 57.6 | 311 | 1,066 | 1,377 | 4.4 |
1989 |
54,789 | 31,687 | 57.8 | 379 | 733 | 1,112 | 3.5 |
1990 |
55,553 | 32,104 | 57.8 | 712 | 385 | 1,097 | 3.4 |
1991 |
54,618 | 31,639 | 57.9 | 795 | 1,114 | 1,909 | 6.0 |
1992 |
54,826 | 32,155 | 58.6 | 653 | 1,231 | 1,885 | 5.9 |
1993 |
55,475 | 32,337 | 58.3 | 573 | 1,091 | 1,664 | 5.1 |
1994 |
56,570 | 33,528 | 59.3 | 674 | 891 | 1,565 | 4.7 |
1995 |
57,669 | 34,420 | 59.7 | 542 | 796 | 1,338 | 3.9 |
1996 |
58,473 | 34,838 | 59.6 | 619 | 755 | 1,374 | 3.9 |
1997 |
59,825 | 35,521 | 59.4 | 1,147 | 673 | 1,820 | 5.1 |
1998 |
60,973 | 35,761 | 58.7 | 1,039 | 628 | 1,667 | 4.7 |
1999 |
61,914 | 36,073 | 58.3 | 768 | 446 | 1,214 | 3.4 |
2000 |
63,662 | 36,720 | 57.7 | 582 | 319 | 901 | 2.5 |
2001 |
63,647 | 36,544 | 57.4 | 497 | 247 | 744 | 2.0 |
2002 |
63,272 | 36,000 | 56.9 | 582 | 217 | 799 | 2.2 |
2003 |
63,236 | 35,853 | 56.7 | 493 | 213 | 706 | 2.0 |
2004 |
64,145 | 36,806 | 57.4 | 470 | 210 | 680 | 1.8 |
2005 |
65,466 | 37,652 | 57.5 | 459 | 189 | 648 | 1.7 |
2006 |
66,811 | 38,193 | 57.2 | 422 | 146 | 568 | 1.5 |
2007 |
67,468 | 37,790 | 56.0 | 460 | 86 | 546 | 1.4 |
2008 |
66,846 | 37,334 | 55.9 | 638 | 90 | 728 | 1.9 |
2009 |
63,539 | 35,185 | 55.4 | 990 | 368 | 1,358 | 3.9 |
2010 |
63,531 | 35,498 | 55.9 | 943 | 669 | 1,612 | 4.5 |
2011 |
64,686 | 36,457 | 56.4 | 785 | 648 | 1,433 | 3.9 |
2012 |
65,898 | 37,113 | 56.3 | 696 | 567 | 1,263 | 3.4 |
2013 |
66,794 | 37,544 | 56.2 | 621 | 622 | 1,243 | 3.3 |
2014 |
68,048 | 38,405 | 56.4 | 598 | 516 | 1,114 | 2.9 |
2015 |
69,298 | 38,732 | 55.9 | 629 | 330 | 959 | 2.5 |
2016 |
70,589 | 39,568 | 56.1 | 499 | 270 | 769 | 1.9 |
Footnotes: (1) Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years. Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 16 years and older | 16 to 24 years | 25 years and older | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 16 to 19 years | 20 to 24 years | Total | 25 to 34 years | 35 to 44 years | 45 to 54 years | 55 to 64 years | 65 years and older | ||
1979 |
62.3 | 78.6 | 85.2 | 76.3 | 62.1 | 67.5 | 58.3 | 56.8 | 60.6 | 77.6 |
1980 |
64.2 | 80.3 | 89.5 | 78.1 | 62.8 | 69.4 | 58.3 | 56.9 | 59.4 | 76.4 |
1981 |
64.4 | 82.6 | 91.7 | 80.6 | 62.6 | 70.3 | 59.9 | 56.8 | 58.9 | 71.1 |
1982 |
65.7 | 85.3 | 92.9 | 82.4 | 64.9 | 72.1 | 61.1 | 60.1 | 61.4 | 70.3 |
1983 |
66.5 | 88.8 | 94.0 | 85.5 | 65.8 | 73.3 | 61.5 | 59.5 | 61.8 | 68.8 |
1984 |
67.6 | 87.9 | 93.1 | 85.2 | 67.1 | 74.6 | 62.0 | 59.4 | 61.5 | 66.8 |
1985 |
68.1 | 87.6 | 90.7 | 85.7 | 66.8 | 75.1 | 63.0 | 59.7 | 61.0 | 65.9 |
1986 |
69.5 | 89.0 | 91.4 | 87.5 | 66.5 | 76.1 | 63.9 | 60.9 | 61.2 | 71.5 |
1987 |
69.8 | 88.3 | 87.8 | 88.0 | 67.3 | 76.7 | 66.1 | 62.3 | 62.2 | 68.7 |
1988 |
70.2 | 89.7 | 89.8 | 90.0 | 68.8 | 77.7 | 68.5 | 61.7 | 62.3 | 70.9 |
1989 |
70.1 | 90.8 | 94.3 | 89.7 | 70.2 | 78.3 | 68.3 | 62.7 | 63.9 | 74.3 |
1990 |
71.9 | 90.1 | 90.8 | 90.3 | 72.1 | 79.3 | 69.6 | 63.8 | 63.7 | 74.4 |
1991 |
74.2 | 93.3 | 93.6 | 93.3 | 74.0 | 81.0 | 70.7 | 65.0 | 64.5 | 68.3 |
1992 |
75.8 | 94.0 | 94.0 | 94.3 | 74.6 | 82.0 | 71.9 | 65.8 | 64.9 | 77.9 |
1993 |
77.1 | 94.8 | 92.8 | 95.4 | 74.8 | 83.0 | 73.0 | 67.4 | 67.4 | 74.3 |
1994 |
76.4 | 93.9 | 92.5 | 94.5 | 73.1 | 82.9 | 72.6 | 67.1 | 66.0 | 76.2 |
1995 |
75.5 | 90.8 | 88.1 | 92.4 | 72.8 | 82.2 | 72.6 | 67.7 | 64.7 | 80.0 |
1996 |
75.0 | 92.5 | 88.8 | 92.8 | 74.1 | 83.2 | 73.3 | 68.9 | 65.3 | 70.0 |
1997 |
74.4 | 92.1 | 91.6 | 90.5 | 75.1 | 82.9 | 74.0 | 69.4 | 64.7 | 77.0 |
1998 |
76.3 | 91.3 | 88.6 | 89.4 | 75.9 | 82.9 | 73.6 | 70.5 | 68.1 | 72.6 |
1999 |
76.5 | 91.0 | 91.4 | 90.5 | 74.4 | 81.5 | 71.7 | 70.0 | 67.9 | 78.7 |
2000 |
76.9 | 91.7 | 92.5 | 92.7 | 74.5 | 82.4 | 71.6 | 73.2 | 69.1 | 75.1 |
2001 |
76.4 | 90.3 | 90.3 | 91.9 | 75.4 | 83.0 | 72.5 | 73.5 | 70.5 | 69.0 |
2002 |
77.9 | 93.9 | 94.6 | 93.9 | 77.6 | 84.5 | 75.2 | 74.6 | 71.6 | 73.8 |
2003 |
79.4 | 93.2 | 93.1 | 93.9 | 78.5 | 86.9 | 76.1 | 73.0 | 72.7 | 71.1 |
2004 |
80.4 | 93.8 | 92.1 | 93.8 | 78.6 | 87.8 | 75.6 | 72.9 | 73.0 | 74.6 |
2005 |
81.0 | 93.2 | 92.1 | 93.8 | 79.4 | 89.0 | 75.5 | 75.5 | 74.7 | 76.4 |
2006 |
80.8 | 94.5 | 87.6 | 94.9 | 78.7 | 88.2 | 77.2 | 73.5 | 72.9 | 77.5 |
2007 |
80.2 | 92.3 | 89.1 | 90.3 | 78.5 | 86.9 | 76.5 | 74.5 | 72.8 | 77.8 |
2008 |
79.9 | 91.1 | 87.3 | 92.5 | 78.2 | 88.5 | 74.5 | 74.9 | 75.4 | 74.8 |
2009 |
80.2 | 92.6 | 90.7 | 92.9 | 78.7 | 88.7 | 77.4 | 73.6 | 75.3 | 76.1 |
2010 |
81.2 | 95.3 | 94.6 | 93.8 | 80.5 | 90.8 | 79.9 | 76.5 | 75.2 | 75.7 |
2011 |
82.2 | 92.5 | 88.6 | 93.2 | 81.0 | 92.3 | 78.5 | 76.0 | 75.1 | 80.9 |
2012 |
80.9 | 88.9 | 88.5 | 89.0 | 79.9 | 90.2 | 78.1 | 75.1 | 76.2 | 77.6 |
2013 |
82.1 | 88.3 | 89.7 | 89.8 | 81.1 | 89.4 | 80.2 | 76.6 | 77.1 | 73.7 |
2014 |
82.5 | 91.5 | 91.1 | 92.3 | 81.6 | 89.9 | 81.0 | 77.2 | 76.4 | 78.6 |
2015 |
81.1 | 88.2 | 89.4 | 89.7 | 80.4 | 89.6 | 81.8 | 76.8 | 73.7 | 73.8 |
2016 |
81.9 | 94.9 | 92.6 | 95.6 | 80.9 | 88.8 | 83.3 | 77.8 | 73.7 | 75.5 |
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at ww.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 16 years and older | White | Black or African American | Asian | Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1979 |
62.3 | 61.7 | 74.4 | – | 71.7 |
1980 |
64.2 | 63.4 | 75.8 | – | 73.5 |
1981 |
64.4 | 63.1 | 76.9 | – | 75.7 |
1982 |
65.7 | 64.5 | 78.1 | – | 75.5 |
1983 |
66.5 | 65.6 | 78.9 | – | 78.5 |
1984 |
67.6 | 66.8 | 79.5 | – | 77.7 |
1985 |
68.1 | 67.2 | 82.6 | – | 77.7 |
1986 |
69.5 | 67.9 | 82.8 | – | 80.6 |
1987 |
69.8 | 68.2 | 84.4 | – | 82.0 |
1988 |
70.2 | 68.4 | 82.8 | – | 84.4 |
1989 |
70.1 | 69.3 | 86.5 | – | 85.4 |
1990 |
71.9 | 71.5 | 85.3 | – | 87.4 |
1991 |
74.2 | 73.7 | 86.1 | – | 90.4 |
1992 |
75.8 | 75.3 | 88.2 | – | 89.1 |
1993 |
77.1 | 76.5 | 88.8 | – | 90.5 |
1994 |
76.4 | 74.6 | 86.5 | – | 88.9 |
1995 |
75.5 | 73.3 | 86.4 | – | 87.1 |
1996 |
75.0 | 73.8 | 87.9 | – | 88.8 |
1997 |
74.4 | 74.6 | 86.8 | – | 85.7 |
1998 |
76.3 | 76.1 | 85.5 | – | 86.4 |
1999 |
76.5 | 75.7 | 83.8 | – | 85.7 |
2000 |
76.9 | 75.8 | 84.1 | 79.9 | 87.8 |
2001 |
76.4 | 75.8 | 85.8 | 76.9 | 88.2 |
2002 |
77.9 | 77.9 | 90.3 | 74.9 | 88.0 |
2003 |
79.4 | 79.3 | 88.5 | 77.5 | 88.4 |
2004 |
80.4 | 79.8 | 88.8 | 76.4 | 87.3 |
2005 |
81.0 | 80.2 | 89.3 | 80.6 | 87.7 |
2006 |
80.8 | 80.0 | 87.8 | 79.3 | 87.1 |
2007 |
80.2 | 79.4 | 88.8 | 78.1 | 91.0 |
2008 |
79.9 | 79.3 | 89.4 | 78.0 | 89.6 |
2009 |
80.2 | 79.2 | 93.7 | 81.8 | 89.5 |
2010 |
81.2 | 80.5 | 93.5 | 82.6 | 90.7 |
2011 |
82.2 | 82.1 | 91.1 | 77.4 | 90.7 |
2012 |
80.9 | 80.8 | 90.1 | 73.0 | 88.0 |
2013 |
82.1 | 81.7 | 91.3 | 77.3 | 91.1 |
2014 |
82.5 | 81.8 | 89.9 | 77.9 | 89.0 |
2015 |
81.1 | 80.8 | 90.4 | 77.7 | 89.7 |
2016 |
81.9 | 81.3 | 89.3 | 78.4 | 88.4 |
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 25 years and older | Less than a high school diploma | High school graduates, no college | Some college or associate's degree | Bachelor's degree and higher |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1979 |
62.1 | 60.3 | 60.1 | 64.1 | 66.7 |
1980 |
62.8 | 61.4 | 61.5 | 64.5 | 67.9 |
1981 |
62.6 | 61.2 | 61.0 | 65.6 | 66.9 |
1982 |
64.9 | 62.8 | 63.1 | 66.7 | 68.8 |
1983 |
65.8 | 64.8 | 63.4 | 68.2 | 71.2 |
1984 |
67.1 | 64.9 | 64.9 | 68.4 | 69.4 |
1985 |
66.8 | 64.3 | 65.8 | 67.2 | 70.2 |
1986 |
66.5 | 64.8 | 66.6 | 68.0 | 70.6 |
1987 |
67.3 | 66.0 | 68.1 | 69.8 | 71.4 |
1988 |
68.8 | 66.6 | 68.2 | 71.6 | 71.4 |
1989 |
70.2 | 66.8 | 67.6 | 73.3 | 71.9 |
1990 |
72.1 | 68.8 | 68.6 | 72.9 | 72.2 |
1991 |
74.0 | 71.6 | 69.8 | 72.6 | 73.6 |
1992 |
74.6 | 72.9 | 70.4 | 73.3 | 75.1 |
1993 |
74.8 | 73.9 | 71.3 | 73.8 | 75.8 |
1994 |
73.1 | 75.1 | 70.8 | 72.1 | 76.8 |
1995 |
72.8 | 75.5 | 70.2 | 71.6 | 76.2 |
1996 |
74.1 | 75.1 | 70.7 | 73.2 | 75.2 |
1997 |
75.1 | 75.3 | 70.7 | 73.9 | 75.0 |
1998 |
75.9 | 73.9 | 70.8 | 74.0 | 75.3 |
1999 |
74.4 | 73.4 | 69.8 | 73.4 | 75.7 |
2000 |
74.5 | 74.9 | 71.1 | 73.1 | 74.1 |
2001 |
75.4 | 75.4 | 72.7 | 71.9 | 73.7 |
2002 |
77.6 | 77.2 | 74.2 | 74.3 | 74.2 |
2003 |
78.5 | 76.7 | 75.5 | 75.7 | 73.6 |
2004 |
78.6 | 74.9 | 75.7 | 75.8 | 75.2 |
2005 |
79.4 | 74.9 | 75.6 | 76.6 | 75.7 |
2006 |
78.7 | 76.3 | 73.7 | 75.6 | 75.1 |
2007 |
78.5 | 76.7 | 74.3 | 75.2 | 75.0 |
2008 |
78.2 | 76.1 | 73.3 | 75.7 | 74.3 |
2009 |
78.7 | 76.4 | 75.7 | 75.4 | 73.1 |
2010 |
80.5 | 79.8 | 76.5 | 75.5 | 74.1 |
2011 |
81.0 | 80.9 | 76.9 | 76.8 | 74.9 |
2012 |
79.9 | 76.0 | 76.3 | 76.9 | 73.0 |
2013 |
81.1 | 80.0 | 78.3 | 76.6 | 74.8 |
2014 |
81.6 | 79.1 | 77.0 | 75.8 | 75.7 |
2015 |
80.4 | 80.4 | 77.2 | 75.2 | 74.9 |
2016 |
80.9 | 76.8 | 77.9 | 76.8 | 75.2 |
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in table 24. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 16 years and older | 16 to 24 years | 25 years and older | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 16 to 19 years | 20 to 24 years | Total | 25 to 34 years | 35 to 44 years | 45 to 54 years | 55 to 64 years | 65 years and older | ||
1979 |
64.1 | 81.8 | 95.0 | 75.9 | 58.3 | 63.3 | 55.8 | 54.1 | 56.9 | 87.6 |
1980 |
64.8 | 84.1 | 93.2 | 77.0 | 58.7 | 64.1 | 54.9 | 54.4 | 56.4 | 89.2 |
1981 |
65.1 | 86.1 | 96.7 | 80.0 | 60.3 | 66.7 | 57.5 | 54.1 | 56.2 | 88.1 |
1982 |
67.3 | 86.3 | 97.0 | 81.8 | 62.1 | 67.7 | 57.1 | 55.7 | 59.0 | 88.1 |
1983 |
69.4 | 87.2 | 96.7 | 84.4 | 62.9 | 70.3 | 57.6 | 56.7 | 58.0 | 87.6 |
1984 |
69.8 | 86.0 | 96.5 | 84.5 | 63.7 | 71.1 | 59.0 | 56.9 | 59.5 | 89.0 |
1985 |
70.0 | 85.7 | 96.3 | 87.2 | 64.7 | 72.4 | 60.3 | 57.8 | 60.4 | 88.8 |
1986 |
70.2 | 85.8 | 95.5 | 86.7 | 66.0 | 74.1 | 61.4 | 59.0 | 60.3 | 91.3 |
1987 |
72.1 | 85.9 | 93.9 | 86.1 | 67.2 | 74.3 | 62.9 | 61.3 | 62.0 | 91.2 |
1988 |
73.8 | 89.1 | 94.4 | 87.2 | 68.7 | 75.6 | 66.1 | 61.6 | 62.4 | 92.8 |
1989 |
75.4 | 90.7 | 93.4 | 86.9 | 69.8 | 78.0 | 67.0 | 63.4 | 63.8 | 87.1 |
1990 |
77.9 | 91.0 | 93.8 | 90.1 | 71.8 | 79.4 | 68.7 | 64.3 | 66.2 | 89.6 |
1991 |
78.6 | 91.0 | 97.9 | 91.7 | 73.5 | 80.4 | 70.4 | 65.0 | 68.9 | 92.6 |
1992 |
80.3 | 91.3 | 97.7 | 92.5 | 76.0 | 82.6 | 73.1 | 66.1 | 69.3 | 92.6 |
1993 |
80.4 | 91.7 | 97.1 | 94.2 | 77.3 | 83.6 | 73.1 | 67.3 | 69.0 | 92.1 |
1994 |
80.6 | 90.5 | 97.0 | 91.2 | 78.2 | 85.5 | 73.4 | 69.9 | 70.7 | 94.0 |
1995 |
80.8 | 90.9 | 96.1 | 89.3 | 76.1 | 83.7 | 72.6 | 70.8 | 71.4 | 94.2 |
1996 |
81.2 | 92.1 | 97.0 | 89.6 | 78.2 | 83.1 | 74.6 | 72.1 | 72.4 | 91.6 |
1997 |
80.8 | 92.2 | 96.6 | 91.2 | 78.8 | 82.7 | 75.7 | 72.3 | 70.5 | 98.1 |
1998 |
81.8 | 90.3 | 96.7 | 89.1 | 77.9 | 86.1 | 77.4 | 75.0 | 72.4 | 93.2 |
1999 |
83.8 | 92.7 | 96.8 | 89.9 | 79.4 | 83.9 | 76.9 | 72.7 | 76.4 | 95.4 |
2000 |
83.8 | 91.7 | 93.8 | 93.0 | 80.8 | 88.3 | 76.3 | 73.2 | 76.8 | 94.7 |
2001 |
85.2 | 90.5 | 95.8 | 89.7 | 79.2 | 85.8 | 75.0 | 76.1 | 80.2 | 90.4 |
2002 |
85.0 | 92.5 | 96.9 | 91.3 | 82.1 | 85.1 | 78.7 | 77.6 | 80.8 | 89.3 |
2003 |
84.8 | 93.2 | 97.6 | 91.0 | 83.1 | 87.5 | 79.1 | 79.0 | 78.4 | 90.3 |
2004 |
84.6 | 93.9 | 95.9 | 91.7 | 81.7 | 88.3 | 78.4 | 79.1 | 79.6 | 92.5 |
2005 |
84.8 | 92.6 | 96.0 | 92.4 | 83.2 | 89.2 | 79.6 | 80.2 | 80.2 | 97.8 |
2006 |
84.0 | 90.9 | 95.7 | 90.5 | 83.2 | 87.6 | 80.0 | 76.4 | 80.6 | 93.0 |
2007 |
84.8 | 89.3 | 95.4 | 90.4 | 81.7 | 87.4 | 81.5 | 79.6 | 79.2 | 92.2 |
2008 |
85.4 | 91.2 | 96.6 | 91.6 | 83.0 | 87.0 | 80.5 | 78.2 | 81.8 | 91.6 |
2009 |
85.5 | 93.1 | 97.1 | 92.0 | 84.7 | 90.6 | 80.7 | 77.0 | 84.5 | 92.6 |
2010 |
86.0 | 93.6 | 97.8 | 91.7 | 85.6 | 91.9 | 82.9 | 79.9 | 83.2 | 93.8 |
2011 |
86.8 | 94.6 | 97.5 | 92.5 | 86.7 | 92.0 | 83.8 | 81.5 | 82.2 | 91.5 |
2012 |
86.4 | 93.0 | 97.9 | 92.0 | 86.8 | 91.5 | 83.9 | 81.2 | 83.1 | 90.9 |
2013 |
86.6 | 92.3 | 96.7 | 94.0 | 87.5 | 91.1 | 84.9 | 81.2 | 84.1 | 94.9 |
2014 |
84.6 | 92.4 | 96.1 | 96.3 | 85.7 | 87.0 | 84.6 | 81.2 | 81.3 | 89.2 |
2015 |
85.6 | 95.1 | 97.5 | 93.5 | 87.8 | 91.0 | 85.7 | 84.3 | 82.1 | 89.5 |
2016 |
87.0 | 97.7 | 95.7 | 91.9 | 87.6 | 88.2 | 85.8 | 83.0 | 83.7 | 88.1 |
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 16 years and older | White | Black or African American | Asian | Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1979 |
64.1 | 62.5 | 72.6 | – | 71.8 |
1980 |
64.8 | 63.6 | 74.9 | – | 75.1 |
1981 |
65.1 | 63.8 | 72.1 | – | 76.4 |
1982 |
67.3 | 66.0 | 75.2 | – | 75.6 |
1983 |
69.4 | 68.0 | 79.2 | – | 76.1 |
1984 |
69.8 | 68.6 | 79.1 | – | 77.0 |
1985 |
70.0 | 67.8 | 82.0 | – | 79.4 |
1986 |
70.2 | 68.8 | 78.7 | – | 80.8 |
1987 |
72.1 | 70.9 | 80.1 | – | 80.2 |
1988 |
73.8 | 72.7 | 80.8 | – | 81.1 |
1989 |
75.4 | 74.0 | 83.2 | – | 83.0 |
1990 |
77.9 | 75.6 | 84.5 | – | 86.1 |
1991 |
78.6 | 76.6 | 86.5 | – | 86.9 |
1992 |
80.3 | 78.6 | 87.1 | – | 88.3 |
1993 |
80.4 | 78.9 | 89.6 | – | 88.6 |
1994 |
80.6 | 79.7 | 87.5 | – | 89.3 |
1995 |
80.8 | 78.4 | 87.3 | – | 90.9 |
1996 |
81.2 | 79.6 | 88.0 | – | 88.8 |
1997 |
80.8 | 80.3 | 87.5 | – | 86.3 |
1998 |
81.8 | 81.8 | 86.9 | – | 87.6 |
1999 |
83.8 | 82.3 | 83.2 | – | 86.6 |
2000 |
83.8 | 83.0 | 88.8 | 90.5 | 87.3 |
2001 |
85.2 | 83.8 | 89.9 | 85.1 | 85.6 |
2002 |
85.0 | 83.8 | 92.3 | 91.7 | 86.1 |
2003 |
84.8 | 84.0 | 91.7 | 89.8 | 88.5 |
2004 |
84.6 | 84.0 | 91.3 | 88.8 | 90.2 |
2005 |
84.8 | 84.2 | 91.1 | 91.3 | 90.1 |
2006 |
84.0 | 83.6 | 88.5 | 90.7 | 87.6 |
2007 |
84.8 | 83.7 | 90.3 | 89.5 | 88.5 |
2008 |
85.4 | 84.5 | 89.9 | 87.3 | 85.1 |
2009 |
85.5 | 84.8 | 89.7 | 90.4 | 84.6 |
2010 |
86.0 | 85.0 | 92.1 | 88.0 | 86.2 |
2011 |
86.8 | 85.9 | 93.5 | 89.8 | 86.8 |
2012 |
86.4 | 85.3 | 92.0 | 90.1 | 85.4 |
2013 |
86.6 | 85.7 | 94.9 | 91.6 | 87.5 |
2014 |
84.6 | 83.3 | 94.8 | 90.2 | 86.6 |
2015 |
85.6 | 85.9 | 92.4 | 92.8 | 85.8 |
2016 |
87.0 | 87.2 | 92.6 | 93.6 | 85.2 |
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 16 years and older | 16 to 24 years | 25 years and older | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 16 to 19 years | 20 to 24 years | Total | 25 to 34 years | 35 to 44 years | 45 to 54 years | 55 to 64 years | 65 years and older | ||
Total |
||||||||||
1979 |
$744 | $531 | $444 | $574 | $818 | $787 | $864 | $852 | $809 | $611 |
1980 |
728 | 519 | 428 | 556 | 794 | 767 | 839 | 828 | 792 | 564 |
1981 |
721 | 508 | 409 | 541 | 782 | 751 | 827 | 812 | 784 | 563 |
1982 |
722 | 498 | 392 | 526 | 782 | 744 | 847 | 825 | 778 | 605 |
1983 |
718 | 484 | 376 | 511 | 787 | 736 | 849 | 842 | 794 | 599 |
1984 |
718 | 478 | 372 | 509 | 797 | 738 | 857 | 848 | 806 | 599 |
1985 |
732 | 477 | 370 | 511 | 806 | 743 | 864 | 851 | 811 | 632 |
1986 |
751 | 485 | 372 | 519 | 818 | 753 | 877 | 870 | 831 | 623 |
1987 |
756 | 491 | 376 | 523 | 814 | 754 | 879 | 867 | 818 | 626 |
1988 |
752 | 486 | 383 | 520 | 809 | 748 | 879 | 885 | 818 | 631 |
1989 |
746 | 484 | 381 | 516 | 798 | 736 | 882 | 882 | 806 | 624 |
1990 |
734 | 480 | 373 | 508 | 800 | 725 | 866 | 872 | 815 | 611 |
1991 |
732 | 476 | 366 | 500 | 802 | 713 | 856 | 871 | 806 | 655 |
1992 |
738 | 463 | 356 | 487 | 804 | 708 | 844 | 876 | 810 | 634 |
1993 |
751 | 462 | 350 | 486 | 804 | 714 | 846 | 887 | 805 | 643 |
1994 |
748 | 458 | 354 | 481 | 801 | 704 | 861 | 907 | 803 | 615 |
1995 |
750 | 457 | 362 | 479 | 798 | 706 | 861 | 911 | 804 | 609 |
1996 |
747 | 454 | 366 | 476 | 793 | 706 | 852 | 905 | 816 | 585 |
1997 |
751 | 457 | 376 | 479 | 806 | 718 | 864 | 906 | 833 | 587 |
1998 |
770 | 470 | 395 | 499 | 842 | 739 | 879 | 913 | 872 | 596 |
1999 |
791 | 491 | 405 | 523 | 853 | 746 | 880 | 939 | 870 | 582 |
2000 |
803 | 503 | 414 | 534 | 849 | 766 | 872 | 933 | 865 | 646 |
2001 |
808 | 508 | 413 | 534 | 854 | 780 | 890 | 939 | 864 | 661 |
2002 |
812 | 509 | 407 | 533 | 862 | 789 | 892 | 943 | 900 | 670 |
2003 |
809 | 505 | 406 | 525 | 864 | 775 | 897 | 944 | 924 | 674 |
2004 |
811 | 496 | 393 | 516 | 868 | 767 | 906 | 944 | 921 | 712 |
2005 |
800 | 488 | 391 | 505 | 855 | 749 | 898 | 919 | 912 | 699 |
2006 |
799 | 487 | 386 | 504 | 855 | 739 | 890 | 920 | 911 | 694 |
2007 |
804 | 491 | 390 | 521 | 854 | 744 | 890 | 914 | 929 | 700 |
2008 |
805 | 494 | 389 | 521 | 848 | 742 | 896 | 916 | 920 | 718 |
2009 |
827 | 494 | 385 | 519 | 866 | 758 | 914 | 937 | 941 | 765 |
2010 |
823 | 476 | 382 | 500 | 861 | 751 | 907 | 930 | 947 | 753 |
2011 |
807 | 470 | 376 | 488 | 851 | 740 | 893 | 924 | 940 | 792 |
2012 |
803 | 464 | 372 | 485 | 852 | 739 | 897 | 917 | 937 | 791 |
2013 |
799 | 468 | 384 | 486 | 852 | 729 | 900 | 909 | 931 | 825 |
2014 |
802 | 484 | 383 | 498 | 851 | 736 | 894 | 912 | 924 | 836 |
2015 |
819 | 493 | 394 | 507 | 870 | 744 | 911 | 934 | 938 | 884 |
2016 |
832 | 501 | 405 | 513 | 885 | 751 | 934 | 955 | 952 | 866 |
Women |
||||||||||
1979 |
562 | 475 | 407 | 497 | 602 | 614 | 605 | 593 | 583 | 525 |
1980 |
558 | 464 | 403 | 486 | 592 | 606 | 594 | 581 | 569 | 486 |
1981 |
556 | 457 | 391 | 485 | 591 | 607 | 604 | 571 | 563 | 480 |
1982 |
572 | 459 | 378 | 481 | 610 | 617 | 617 | 603 | 586 | 505 |
1983 |
578 | 454 | 362 | 475 | 615 | 624 | 624 | 606 | 589 | 486 |
1984 |
584 | 447 | 357 | 469 | 623 | 628 | 643 | 615 | 595 | 482 |
1985 |
589 | 449 | 353 | 470 | 630 | 630 | 653 | 621 | 606 | 515 |
1986 |
609 | 458 | 356 | 483 | 644 | 640 | 667 | 644 | 619 | 536 |
1987 |
612 | 459 | 347 | 489 | 648 | 638 | 681 | 655 | 622 | 527 |
1988 |
615 | 459 | 359 | 490 | 654 | 639 | 691 | 662 | 619 | 547 |
1989 |
613 | 460 | 368 | 486 | 656 | 636 | 692 | 667 | 622 | 546 |
1990 |
617 | 453 | 353 | 480 | 658 | 635 | 695 | 672 | 620 | 535 |
1991 |
629 | 457 | 352 | 481 | 665 | 637 | 699 | 684 | 624 | 548 |
1992 |
638 | 448 | 344 | 470 | 671 | 641 | 701 | 700 | 631 | 550 |
1993 |
643 | 447 | 336 | 473 | 679 | 646 | 712 | 720 | 646 | 548 |
1994 |
639 | 442 | 338 | 465 | 675 | 636 | 718 | 721 | 638 | 538 |
1995 |
635 | 430 | 336 | 455 | 670 | 631 | 709 | 726 | 631 | 552 |
1996 |
637 | 433 | 340 | 454 | 677 | 633 | 706 | 733 | 640 | 509 |
1997 |
643 | 436 | 358 | 457 | 690 | 637 | 719 | 739 | 646 | 519 |
1998 |
672 | 449 | 367 | 470 | 714 | 664 | 733 | 760 | 701 | 515 |
1999 |
682 | 467 | 383 | 494 | 716 | 677 | 725 | 769 | 709 | 533 |
2000 |
688 | 480 | 395 | 510 | 720 | 688 | 727 | 787 | 709 | 547 |
2001 |
694 | 478 | 390 | 508 | 736 | 694 | 741 | 795 | 726 | 528 |
2002 |
706 | 490 | 394 | 514 | 758 | 708 | 762 | 804 | 766 | 574 |
2003 |
721 | 484 | 390 | 505 | 762 | 713 | 770 | 795 | 785 | 568 |
2004 |
728 | 476 | 372 | 497 | 761 | 713 | 773 | 794 | 781 | 607 |
2005 |
719 | 468 | 373 | 486 | 752 | 704 | 763 | 791 | 785 | 604 |
2006 |
714 | 470 | 363 | 492 | 746 | 694 | 768 | 785 | 783 | 607 |
2007 |
711 | 473 | 368 | 493 | 748 | 691 | 773 | 784 | 786 | 618 |
2008 |
711 | 468 | 359 | 496 | 747 | 695 | 760 | 788 | 793 | 628 |
2009 |
735 | 474 | 361 | 498 | 768 | 709 | 793 | 796 | 813 | 673 |
2010 |
737 | 465 | 370 | 483 | 775 | 714 | 805 | 804 | 811 | 662 |
2011 |
730 | 449 | 350 | 467 | 766 | 707 | 783 | 794 | 799 | 709 |
2012 |
722 | 435 | 345 | 448 | 760 | 696 | 781 | 780 | 800 | 697 |
2013 |
727 | 436 | 360 | 455 | 762 | 685 | 790 | 784 | 802 | 712 |
2014 |
729 | 457 | 362 | 475 | 763 | 689 | 792 | 791 | 791 | 751 |
2015 |
735 | 455 | 368 | 474 | 770 | 698 | 814 | 809 | 794 | 749 |
2016 |
749 | 486 | 388 | 500 | 784 | 705 | 839 | 836 | 812 | 749 |
Men |
||||||||||
1979 |
901 | 605 | 478 | 651 | 969 | 910 | 1,037 | 1,043 | 963 | 676 |
1980 |
869 | 578 | 450 | 622 | 942 | 872 | 1,019 | 1,019 | 958 | 636 |
1981 |
863 | 553 | 426 | 602 | 944 | 863 | 1,008 | 1,005 | 957 | 675 |
1982 |
871 | 538 | 407 | 584 | 940 | 856 | 1,010 | 1,002 | 955 | 718 |
1983 |
869 | 511 | 385 | 555 | 933 | 851 | 1,014 | 1,018 | 954 | 706 |
1984 |
863 | 509 | 383 | 551 | 930 | 841 | 1,037 | 1,035 | 967 | 722 |
1985 |
866 | 513 | 389 | 549 | 943 | 838 | 1,036 | 1,040 | 994 | 781 |
1986 |
877 | 515 | 389 | 552 | 969 | 841 | 1,044 | 1,059 | 1,013 | 749 |
1987 |
877 | 519 | 396 | 556 | 964 | 832 | 1,030 | 1,051 | 1,000 | 768 |
1988 |
877 | 512 | 400 | 545 | 951 | 822 | 1,010 | 1,072 | 994 | 771 |
1989 |
875 | 507 | 391 | 542 | 935 | 811 | 1,013 | 1,064 | 974 | 735 |
1990 |
857 | 503 | 389 | 531 | 913 | 800 | 998 | 1,053 | 973 | 718 |
1991 |
847 | 490 | 376 | 515 | 899 | 787 | 990 | 1,052 | 967 | 802 |
1992 |
841 | 477 | 366 | 498 | 899 | 782 | 975 | 1,064 | 971 | 706 |
1993 |
835 | 471 | 362 | 496 | 908 | 779 | 975 | 1,069 | 959 | 738 |
1994 |
837 | 471 | 365 | 492 | 923 | 768 | 989 | 1,075 | 966 | 707 |
1995 |
842 | 474 | 382 | 493 | 920 | 767 | 977 | 1,072 | 975 | 690 |
1996 |
849 | 468 | 383 | 489 | 913 | 761 | 963 | 1,064 | 980 | 727 |
1997 |
864 | 473 | 391 | 504 | 918 | 769 | 972 | 1,064 | 999 | 675 |
1998 |
881 | 492 | 414 | 526 | 941 | 801 | 997 | 1,078 | 1,029 | 710 |
1999 |
890 | 513 | 419 | 546 | 963 | 831 | 1,012 | 1,099 | 1,045 | 677 |
2000 |
894 | 523 | 427 | 551 | 967 | 834 | 1,015 | 1,075 | 1,025 | 728 |
2001 |
908 | 530 | 432 | 553 | 976 | 836 | 1,022 | 1,083 | 1,030 | 766 |
2002 |
907 | 522 | 417 | 547 | 977 | 837 | 1,013 | 1,077 | 1,071 | 778 |
2003 |
907 | 520 | 419 | 538 | 971 | 820 | 1,012 | 1,089 | 1,080 | 799 |
2004 |
906 | 508 | 404 | 530 | 968 | 812 | 1,022 | 1,089 | 1,071 | 814 |
2005 |
887 | 502 | 405 | 518 | 947 | 791 | 1,010 | 1,048 | 1,050 | 791 |
2006 |
885 | 498 | 414 | 518 | 949 | 787 | 995 | 1,068 | 1,074 | 783 |
2007 |
887 | 513 | 413 | 546 | 953 | 795 | 1,010 | 1,052 | 1,080 | 794 |
2008 |
890 | 514 | 411 | 536 | 955 | 785 | 1,020 | 1,052 | 1,051 | 839 |
2009 |
916 | 512 | 398 | 536 | 977 | 800 | 1,025 | 1,082 | 1,079 | 885 |
2010 |
907 | 488 | 391 | 515 | 963 | 786 | 1,008 | 1,051 | 1,078 | 874 |
2011 |
888 | 486 | 395 | 502 | 946 | 765 | 998 | 1,045 | 1,064 | 876 |
2012 |
892 | 489 | 390 | 504 | 951 | 771 | 1,000 | 1,039 | 1,050 | 899 |
2013 |
886 | 493 | 402 | 507 | 939 | 766 | 985 | 1,024 | 1,041 | 965 |
2014 |
883 | 500 | 398 | 514 | 935 | 766 | 978 | 1,025 | 1,035 | 955 |
2015 |
906 | 516 | 412 | 528 | 959 | 779 | 995 | 1,053 | 1,077 | 1,015 |
2016 |
915 | 512 | 419 | 523 | 969 | 794 | 1,007 | 1,075 | 1,102 | 992 |
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 16 years and older | White | Black or African American | Asian | Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total |
|||||
1979 |
$744 | $765 | $614 | – | $599 |
1980 |
728 | 747 | 589 | – | 581 |
1981 |
721 | 739 | 596 | – | 566 |
1982 |
722 | 742 | 586 | – | 574 |
1983 |
718 | 734 | 599 | – | 573 |
1984 |
718 | 740 | 593 | – | 570 |
1985 |
732 | 757 | 589 | – | 574 |
1986 |
751 | 776 | 609 | – | 579 |
1987 |
756 | 776 | 608 | – | 576 |
1988 |
752 | 771 | 613 | – | 566 |
1989 |
746 | 764 | 596 | – | 557 |
1990 |
734 | 756 | 586 | – | 542 |
1991 |
732 | 759 | 598 | – | 536 |
1992 |
738 | 768 | 599 | – | 539 |
1993 |
751 | 777 | 604 | – | 542 |
1994 |
748 | 776 | 595 | – | 519 |
1995 |
750 | 773 | 599 | – | 515 |
1996 |
747 | 771 | 590 | – | 517 |
1997 |
751 | 775 | 597 | – | 524 |
1998 |
770 | 803 | 627 | – | 545 |
1999 |
791 | 826 | 641 | – | 555 |
2000 |
803 | 823 | 661 | $858 | 556 |
2001 |
808 | 827 | 665 | 866 | 565 |
2002 |
812 | 832 | 665 | 879 | 566 |
2003 |
809 | 830 | 671 | 905 | 574 |
2004 |
811 | 835 | 667 | 900 | 579 |
2005 |
800 | 826 | 639 | 925 | 579 |
2006 |
799 | 821 | 660 | 933 | 579 |
2007 |
804 | 829 | 659 | 961 | 582 |
2008 |
805 | 827 | 657 | 960 | 590 |
2009 |
827 | 847 | 672 | 984 | 605 |
2010 |
823 | 843 | 673 | 942 | 589 |
2011 |
807 | 827 | 656 | 924 | 586 |
2012 |
803 | 828 | 649 | 961 | 594 |
2013 |
799 | 826 | 648 | 970 | 595 |
2014 |
802 | 828 | 648 | 967 | 602 |
2015 |
819 | 845 | 649 | 1,005 | 611 |
2016 |
832 | 862 | 678 | 1,021 | 624 |
Women |
|||||
1979 |
562 | 568 | 522 | – | 485 |
1980 |
558 | 564 | 514 | – | 478 |
1981 |
556 | 561 | 523 | – | 482 |
1982 |
572 | 579 | 519 | – | 486 |
1983 |
578 | 583 | 532 | – | 493 |
1984 |
584 | 590 | 531 | – | 491 |
1985 |
589 | 598 | 536 | – | 489 |
1986 |
609 | 615 | 552 | – | 504 |
1987 |
612 | 620 | 558 | – | 507 |
1988 |
615 | 621 | 562 | – | 508 |
1989 |
613 | 624 | 563 | – | 503 |
1990 |
617 | 629 | 549 | – | 496 |
1991 |
629 | 641 | 555 | – | 502 |
1992 |
638 | 649 | 562 | – | 507 |
1993 |
643 | 656 | 570 | – | 512 |
1994 |
639 | 654 | 554 | – | 489 |
1995 |
635 | 649 | 556 | – | 477 |
1996 |
637 | 652 | 552 | – | 482 |
1997 |
643 | 663 | 560 | – | 475 |
1998 |
672 | 689 | 589 | – | 496 |
1999 |
682 | 696 | 589 | – | 501 |
2000 |
688 | 700 | 598 | 763 | 510 |
2001 |
694 | 707 | 615 | 763 | 526 |
2002 |
706 | 730 | 632 | 756 | 530 |
2003 |
721 | 740 | 641 | 781 | 535 |
2004 |
728 | 742 | 642 | 779 | 532 |
2005 |
719 | 732 | 613 | 817 | 527 |
2006 |
714 | 725 | 618 | 832 | 524 |
2007 |
711 | 725 | 617 | 846 | 547 |
2008 |
711 | 729 | 618 | 839 | 559 |
2009 |
735 | 748 | 651 | 871 | 569 |
2010 |
737 | 753 | 652 | 851 | 559 |
2011 |
730 | 750 | 635 | 801 | 553 |
2012 |
722 | 742 | 626 | 805 | 544 |
2013 |
727 | 744 | 624 | 843 | 557 |
2014 |
729 | 744 | 620 | 853 | 556 |
2015 |
735 | 752 | 622 | 888 | 573 |
2016 |
749 | 766 | 641 | 902 | 586 |
Men |
|||||
1979 |
901 | 920 | 701 | – | 676 |
1980 |
869 | 889 | 678 | – | 650 |
1981 |
863 | 888 | 680 | – | 637 |
1982 |
871 | 897 | 665 | – | 644 |
1983 |
869 | 888 | 674 | – | 628 |
1984 |
863 | 883 | 667 | – | 632 |
1985 |
866 | 889 | 649 | – | 630 |
1986 |
877 | 906 | 667 | – | 626 |
1987 |
877 | 909 | 661 | – | 618 |
1988 |
877 | 908 | 680 | – | 602 |
1989 |
875 | 901 | 650 | – | 589 |
1990 |
857 | 881 | 643 | – | 567 |
1991 |
847 | 869 | 644 | – | 555 |
1992 |
841 | 862 | 638 | – | 569 |
1993 |
835 | 858 | 642 | – | 566 |
1994 |
837 | 877 | 641 | – | 550 |
1995 |
842 | 886 | 643 | – | 548 |
1996 |
849 | 884 | 628 | – | 543 |
1997 |
864 | 888 | 645 | – | 554 |
1998 |
881 | 906 | 689 | – | 574 |
1999 |
890 | 919 | 703 | – | 585 |
2000 |
894 | 923 | 711 | 955 | 582 |
2001 |
908 | 934 | 717 | 992 | 596 |
2002 |
907 | 937 | 700 | 1,009 | 602 |
2003 |
907 | 933 | 725 | 1,008 | 606 |
2004 |
906 | 930 | 723 | 1,019 | 610 |
2005 |
887 | 913 | 687 | 1,014 | 601 |
2006 |
885 | 906 | 704 | 1,050 | 601 |
2007 |
887 | 912 | 694 | 1,083 | 602 |
2008 |
890 | 920 | 691 | 1,077 | 623 |
2009 |
916 | 945 | 695 | 1,065 | 636 |
2010 |
907 | 936 | 697 | 1,031 | 617 |
2011 |
888 | 914 | 697 | 1,035 | 609 |
2012 |
892 | 918 | 695 | 1,102 | 619 |
2013 |
886 | 910 | 684 | 1,091 | 612 |
2014 |
883 | 910 | 690 | 1,095 | 625 |
2015 |
906 | 931 | 688 | 1,143 | 639 |
2016 |
915 | 942 | 718 | 1,151 | 663 |
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 25 years and older | Less than a high school diploma | High school graduates, no college | Some college or associate's degree | Bachelor's degree and higher |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total |
|||||
1979 |
$818 | $648 | $769 | $870 | $1,062 |
1980 |
794 | 617 | 739 | 844 | 1,044 |
1981 |
782 | 609 | 726 | 822 | 1,033 |
1982 |
782 | 593 | 722 | 840 | 1,048 |
1983 |
787 | 587 | 713 | 833 | 1,057 |
1984 |
797 | 579 | 711 | 841 | 1,070 |
1985 |
806 | 574 | 709 | 849 | 1,077 |
1986 |
818 | 582 | 720 | 856 | 1,098 |
1987 |
814 | 574 | 719 | 851 | 1,139 |
1988 |
809 | 562 | 719 | 840 | 1,143 |
1989 |
798 | 555 | 701 | 845 | 1,138 |
1990 |
800 | 540 | 688 | 848 | 1,137 |
1991 |
802 | 527 | 682 | 840 | 1,144 |
1992 |
804 | 522 | 676 | 812 | 1,168 |
1993 |
804 | 514 | 679 | 809 | 1,170 |
1994 |
801 | 492 | 675 | 800 | 1,175 |
1995 |
798 | 484 | 676 | 795 | 1,169 |
1996 |
793 | 483 | 675 | 790 | 1,155 |
1997 |
806 | 479 | 688 | 799 | 1,163 |
1998 |
842 | 496 | 705 | 822 | 1,209 |
1999 |
853 | 499 | 706 | 836 | 1,239 |
2000 |
849 | 505 | 704 | 831 | 1,243 |
2001 |
854 | 518 | 705 | 836 | 1,248 |
2002 |
862 | 518 | 714 | 840 | 1,256 |
2003 |
864 | 517 | 723 | 834 | 1,258 |
2004 |
868 | 510 | 729 | 840 | 1,253 |
2005 |
855 | 502 | 716 | 823 | 1,244 |
2006 |
855 | 499 | 708 | 824 | 1,237 |
2007 |
854 | 495 | 699 | 815 | 1,241 |
2008 |
848 | 505 | 689 | 805 | 1,243 |
2009 |
866 | 508 | 700 | 812 | 1,272 |
2010 |
861 | 489 | 689 | 808 | 1,260 |
2011 |
851 | 481 | 681 | 789 | 1,227 |
2012 |
852 | 492 | 681 | 783 | 1,217 |
2013 |
852 | 486 | 670 | 770 | 1,230 |
2014 |
851 | 495 | 677 | 772 | 1,210 |
2015 |
870 | 499 | 686 | 771 | 1,245 |
2016 |
885 | 504 | 692 | 779 | 1,259 |
Women |
|||||
1979 |
602 | 469 | 571 | 651 | 815 |
1980 |
592 | 456 | 558 | 642 | 806 |
1981 |
591 | 444 | 551 | 647 | 807 |
1982 |
610 | 440 | 565 | 656 | 828 |
1983 |
615 | 447 | 564 | 661 | 846 |
1984 |
623 | 441 | 570 | 672 | 859 |
1985 |
630 | 430 | 570 | 674 | 881 |
1986 |
644 | 435 | 579 | 690 | 912 |
1987 |
648 | 432 | 582 | 701 | 941 |
1988 |
654 | 432 | 582 | 703 | 947 |
1989 |
656 | 432 | 568 | 708 | 948 |
1990 |
658 | 428 | 561 | 704 | 954 |
1991 |
665 | 430 | 564 | 703 | 966 |
1992 |
671 | 430 | 565 | 683 | 997 |
1993 |
679 | 430 | 568 | 691 | 1,000 |
1994 |
675 | 412 | 562 | 678 | 1,016 |
1995 |
670 | 410 | 557 | 668 | 1,008 |
1996 |
677 | 409 | 556 | 674 | 1,002 |
1997 |
690 | 410 | 564 | 685 | 1,003 |
1998 |
714 | 417 | 583 | 701 | 1,041 |
1999 |
716 | 418 | 584 | 703 | 1,066 |
2000 |
720 | 424 | 586 | 704 | 1,054 |
2001 |
736 | 428 | 600 | 705 | 1,065 |
2002 |
758 | 434 | 611 | 725 | 1,080 |
2003 |
762 | 430 | 619 | 731 | 1,086 |
2004 |
761 | 424 | 620 | 733 | 1,093 |
2005 |
752 | 419 | 606 | 721 | 1,085 |
2006 |
746 | 426 | 595 | 717 | 1,077 |
2007 |
748 | 427 | 593 | 705 | 1,079 |
2008 |
747 | 421 | 580 | 700 | 1,065 |
2009 |
768 | 427 | 606 | 705 | 1,085 |
2010 |
775 | 427 | 598 | 703 | 1,086 |
2011 |
766 | 422 | 591 | 688 | 1,065 |
2012 |
760 | 403 | 586 | 689 | 1,046 |
2013 |
762 | 412 | 590 | 677 | 1,074 |
2014 |
763 | 415 | 586 | 670 | 1,064 |
2015 |
770 | 423 | 593 | 672 | 1,077 |
2016 |
784 | 423 | 599 | 688 | 1,101 |
Men |
|||||
1979 |
969 | 778 | 951 | 1,015 | 1,222 |
1980 |
942 | 742 | 908 | 994 | 1,186 |
1981 |
944 | 726 | 904 | 987 | 1,206 |
1982 |
940 | 701 | 895 | 983 | 1,203 |
1983 |
933 | 690 | 890 | 968 | 1,188 |
1984 |
930 | 678 | 879 | 982 | 1,238 |
1985 |
943 | 668 | 866 | 1,004 | 1,255 |
1986 |
969 | 672 | 870 | 1,015 | 1,293 |
1987 |
964 | 655 | 855 | 1,004 | 1,319 |
1988 |
951 | 648 | 854 | 982 | 1,326 |
1989 |
935 | 647 | 841 | 966 | 1,318 |
1990 |
913 | 622 | 818 | 966 | 1,321 |
1991 |
899 | 600 | 808 | 967 | 1,313 |
1992 |
899 | 589 | 804 | 931 | 1,327 |
1993 |
908 | 583 | 797 | 936 | 1,319 |
1994 |
923 | 548 | 795 | 941 | 1,324 |
1995 |
920 | 543 | 793 | 933 | 1,322 |
1996 |
913 | 544 | 787 | 921 | 1,332 |
1997 |
918 | 545 | 799 | 927 | 1,337 |
1998 |
941 | 564 | 823 | 947 | 1,383 |
1999 |
963 | 569 | 836 | 958 | 1,408 |
2000 |
967 | 566 | 824 | 964 | 1,423 |
2001 |
976 | 568 | 825 | 980 | 1,446 |
2002 |
977 | 562 | 824 | 976 | 1,455 |
2003 |
971 | 560 | 820 | 966 | 1,477 |
2004 |
968 | 567 | 820 | 967 | 1,452 |
2005 |
947 | 559 | 801 | 941 | 1,434 |
2006 |
949 | 558 | 807 | 948 | 1,435 |
2007 |
953 | 557 | 797 | 938 | 1,439 |
2008 |
955 | 554 | 790 | 925 | 1,433 |
2009 |
977 | 559 | 801 | 934 | 1,484 |
2010 |
963 | 535 | 782 | 931 | 1,465 |
2011 |
946 | 521 | 768 | 896 | 1,422 |
2012 |
951 | 531 | 768 | 896 | 1,433 |
2013 |
939 | 515 | 754 | 884 | 1,437 |
2014 |
935 | 524 | 762 | 884 | 1,405 |
2015 |
959 | 526 | 768 | 894 | 1,437 |
2016 |
969 | 551 | 769 | 896 | 1,464 |
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 16 years and older | 16 to 24 years | 25 years and older | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 16 to 19 years | 20 to 24 years | Total | 25 to 34 years | 35 to 44 years | 45 to 54 years | 55 to 64 years | 65 years and older | ||
Total |
||||||||||
1979 |
$13.70 | $10.77 | $9.57 | $12.41 | $15.77 | $16.05 | $16.33 | $15.93 | $15.34 | $9.97 |
1980 |
13.39 | 10.31 | 8.94 | 11.92 | 15.42 | 15.72 | 16.00 | 15.69 | 14.97 | 9.89 |
1981 |
13.07 | 10.08 | 9.09 | 11.70 | 15.20 | 15.46 | 15.74 | 15.25 | 14.75 | 9.95 |
1982 |
12.92 | 9.69 | 8.61 | 11.15 | 15.02 | 15.19 | 15.81 | 15.36 | 14.62 | 9.86 |
1983 |
12.82 | 9.36 | 8.28 | 10.76 | 15.02 | 14.91 | 15.85 | 15.44 | 14.70 | 10.09 |
1984 |
12.84 | 9.21 | 8.04 | 10.62 | 15.07 | 14.91 | 15.79 | 15.59 | 14.58 | 10.20 |
1985 |
12.83 | 9.06 | 7.81 | 10.51 | 15.00 | 14.72 | 15.94 | 15.68 | 14.70 | 10.09 |
1986 |
12.97 | 9.23 | 7.76 | 10.59 | 15.13 | 14.67 | 16.30 | 16.17 | 15.00 | 10.40 |
1987 |
13.07 | 9.27 | 7.70 | 10.53 | 15.07 | 14.53 | 16.04 | 15.88 | 14.99 | 10.26 |
1988 |
13.14 | 9.36 | 7.87 | 10.51 | 15.12 | 14.51 | 15.96 | 15.94 | 14.61 | 10.21 |
1989 |
13.07 | 9.25 | 7.89 | 10.56 | 14.84 | 14.28 | 16.00 | 15.74 | 14.62 | 10.13 |
1990 |
12.89 | 9.20 | 8.00 | 10.53 | 14.55 | 14.08 | 15.72 | 15.67 | 14.30 | 10.25 |
1991 |
12.89 | 9.04 | 8.06 | 10.31 | 14.57 | 13.81 | 15.76 | 15.65 | 14.07 | 10.21 |
1992 |
12.95 | 9.01 | 7.94 | 10.12 | 14.65 | 13.71 | 15.74 | 15.97 | 14.23 | 10.30 |
1993 |
12.88 | 9.02 | 7.86 | 10.07 | 14.65 | 13.54 | 15.73 | 16.14 | 14.57 | 10.46 |
1994 |
12.84 | 9.01 | 7.87 | 9.97 | 14.62 | 13.43 | 15.90 | 16.06 | 14.46 | 10.24 |
1995 |
12.79 | 9.08 | 7.89 | 10.05 | 14.65 | 13.63 | 15.68 | 15.85 | 14.40 | 10.41 |
1996 |
12.80 | 9.05 | 7.88 | 10.20 | 14.66 | 13.45 | 15.46 | 15.61 | 14.31 | 10.32 |
1997 |
13.06 | 9.18 | 8.22 | 10.31 | 14.73 | 13.49 | 15.46 | 15.82 | 14.52 | 10.28 |
1998 |
13.40 | 9.69 | 8.66 | 10.66 | 14.92 | 14.21 | 15.99 | 16.14 | 14.85 | 10.90 |
1999 |
13.73 | 9.90 | 8.76 | 11.15 | 15.09 | 14.38 | 15.88 | 16.33 | 14.96 | 11.10 |
2000 |
13.82 | 10.10 | 8.94 | 11.26 | 15.17 | 14.20 | 15.83 | 16.49 | 15.09 | 11.23 |
2001 |
13.81 | 10.42 | 9.16 | 11.36 | 15.45 | 14.46 | 16.22 | 16.49 | 15.41 | 11.56 |
2002 |
13.98 | 10.43 | 9.23 | 11.31 | 15.79 | 14.66 | 16.26 | 16.64 | 15.82 | 12.11 |
2003 |
14.16 | 10.31 | 9.05 | 11.31 | 15.73 | 14.69 | 16.27 | 16.93 | 15.91 | 12.00 |
2004 |
13.98 | 10.14 | 8.89 | 11.16 | 15.54 | 14.45 | 16.38 | 16.81 | 15.98 | 12.22 |
2005 |
13.75 | 9.91 | 8.66 | 10.95 | 15.33 | 14.45 | 16.11 | 16.56 | 15.91 | 12.20 |
2006 |
14.00 | 9.81 | 8.61 | 10.90 | 15.40 | 14.23 | 16.06 | 16.70 | 15.87 | 12.08 |
2007 |
13.83 | 10.01 | 8.76 | 11.18 | 15.23 | 13.95 | 16.12 | 16.66 | 15.87 | 12.00 |
2008 |
13.63 | 9.89 | 8.74 | 10.88 | 15.40 | 13.94 | 16.03 | 16.58 | 15.83 | 12.14 |
2009 |
13.91 | 9.96 | 8.86 | 10.93 | 15.56 | 14.09 | 16.32 | 16.61 | 16.44 | 12.85 |
2010 |
13.77 | 9.80 | 8.81 | 10.50 | 15.40 | 13.80 | 16.09 | 16.50 | 16.40 | 12.72 |
2011 |
13.56 | 9.57 | 8.60 | 10.26 | 15.07 | 13.56 | 15.83 | 16.01 | 16.08 | 13.01 |
2012 |
13.38 | 9.46 | 8.46 | 10.14 | 14.89 | 13.40 | 15.53 | 15.75 | 16.08 | 12.76 |
2013 |
13.32 | 9.43 | 8.43 | 10.12 | 14.93 | 13.26 | 15.43 | 15.62 | 16.09 | 12.84 |
2014 |
13.33 | 9.69 | 8.55 | 10.12 | 15.01 | 13.32 | 15.32 | 15.61 | 15.58 | 13.20 |
2015 |
13.60 | 9.97 | 8.96 | 10.26 | 15.09 | 13.77 | 15.34 | 16.03 | 16.10 | 13.24 |
2016 |
14.00 | 10.12 | 9.20 | 10.79 | 15.13 | 14.00 | 15.77 | 16.29 | 16.20 | 13.77 |
Women |
||||||||||
1979 |
11.17 | 9.85 | 9.35 | 10.86 | 12.04 | 12.47 | 12.25 | 11.85 | 11.57 | 9.63 |
1980 |
10.97 | 9.58 | 8.72 | 10.53 | 11.78 | 12.33 | 11.92 | 11.75 | 11.33 | 9.39 |
1981 |
10.86 | 9.42 | 8.93 | 10.38 | 11.90 | 12.41 | 12.11 | 11.65 | 11.24 | 9.42 |
1982 |
11.03 | 9.04 | 8.49 | 10.02 | 12.01 | 12.42 | 12.15 | 11.84 | 11.48 | 9.40 |
1983 |
11.01 | 8.76 | 8.14 | 9.77 | 12.00 | 12.48 | 12.18 | 11.90 | 11.63 | 9.54 |
1984 |
10.95 | 8.66 | 7.91 | 9.60 | 12.07 | 12.33 | 12.36 | 12.14 | 11.61 | 9.63 |
1985 |
10.91 | 8.53 | 7.68 | 9.70 | 12.19 | 12.32 | 12.57 | 12.26 | 11.62 | 9.43 |
1986 |
11.15 | 8.60 | 7.64 | 9.85 | 12.45 | 12.45 | 12.82 | 12.53 | 12.03 | 9.90 |
1987 |
11.31 | 8.53 | 7.49 | 9.88 | 12.44 | 12.40 | 12.83 | 12.69 | 12.18 | 9.80 |
1988 |
11.41 | 8.75 | 7.64 | 9.86 | 12.58 | 12.42 | 13.20 | 12.87 | 11.88 | 10.00 |
1989 |
11.42 | 8.77 | 7.66 | 9.78 | 12.67 | 12.49 | 13.27 | 12.90 | 11.93 | 9.61 |
1990 |
11.48 | 8.82 | 7.75 | 9.93 | 12.60 | 12.50 | 13.14 | 12.76 | 12.00 | 9.71 |
1991 |
11.60 | 8.73 | 7.97 | 9.81 | 12.61 | 12.35 | 13.28 | 13.08 | 11.94 | 9.90 |
1992 |
11.68 | 8.66 | 7.87 | 9.68 | 12.84 | 12.50 | 13.41 | 13.32 | 12.08 | 10.02 |
1993 |
11.65 | 8.63 | 7.74 | 9.75 | 12.88 | 12.45 | 13.36 | 13.39 | 12.37 | 10.11 |
1994 |
11.62 | 8.53 | 7.74 | 9.58 | 12.90 | 12.47 | 13.53 | 13.56 | 12.53 | 10.00 |
1995 |
11.67 | 8.59 | 7.73 | 9.53 | 12.79 | 12.39 | 13.51 | 13.65 | 12.41 | 10.09 |
1996 |
11.78 | 8.66 | 7.76 | 9.54 | 12.85 | 12.29 | 13.55 | 13.63 | 12.30 | 9.83 |
1997 |
11.85 | 8.88 | 8.09 | 9.78 | 13.06 | 12.24 | 13.64 | 13.82 | 12.40 | 10.19 |
1998 |
12.12 | 9.19 | 8.51 | 10.21 | 13.45 | 12.96 | 14.23 | 14.40 | 13.03 | 10.62 |
1999 |
12.45 | 9.51 | 8.62 | 10.40 | 13.73 | 13.11 | 14.16 | 14.34 | 13.44 | 10.81 |
2000 |
12.64 | 9.76 | 8.69 | 10.88 | 13.79 | 13.51 | 13.99 | 14.20 | 13.72 | 10.98 |
2001 |
13.06 | 9.82 | 8.96 | 10.84 | 13.82 | 13.47 | 14.15 | 14.70 | 14.08 | 11.03 |
2002 |
13.20 | 9.95 | 9.08 | 10.83 | 14.30 | 13.51 | 14.66 | 14.93 | 14.43 | 11.66 |
2003 |
13.16 | 9.91 | 8.94 | 10.69 | 14.37 | 13.72 | 14.58 | 15.39 | 14.43 | 11.54 |
2004 |
12.92 | 9.80 | 8.72 | 10.57 | 14.27 | 13.49 | 14.55 | 15.18 | 14.70 | 11.64 |
2005 |
12.67 | 9.58 | 8.50 | 10.44 | 14.23 | 13.34 | 14.55 | 14.90 | 14.57 | 12.06 |
2006 |
12.68 | 9.51 | 8.46 | 10.50 | 14.13 | 13.18 | 14.35 | 14.60 | 14.43 | 11.87 |
2007 |
12.71 | 9.43 | 8.58 | 10.42 | 13.95 | 12.97 | 14.31 | 14.87 | 14.16 | 11.75 |
2008 |
12.81 | 9.40 | 8.60 | 10.21 | 13.91 | 13.07 | 14.37 | 14.67 | 14.49 | 11.74 |
2009 |
13.15 | 9.60 | 8.75 | 10.28 | 14.27 | 13.38 | 14.54 | 14.64 | 15.20 | 12.43 |
2010 |
13.03 | 9.49 | 8.71 | 10.00 | 14.19 | 13.26 | 14.45 | 14.87 | 15.07 | 12.31 |
2011 |
12.79 | 9.32 | 8.50 | 9.78 | 13.98 | 12.93 | 14.34 | 14.69 | 14.97 | 12.55 |
2012 |
12.53 | 9.17 | 8.38 | 9.58 | 13.76 | 12.70 | 14.06 | 14.42 | 15.01 | 12.37 |
2013 |
12.48 | 9.20 | 8.33 | 9.68 | 13.76 | 12.60 | 14.18 | 14.36 | 14.96 | 12.58 |
2014 |
12.35 | 9.27 | 8.41 | 9.91 | 13.69 | 12.42 | 14.20 | 14.34 | 14.39 | 12.65 |
2015 |
12.71 | 9.66 | 8.86 | 10.07 | 14.09 | 13.05 | 14.30 | 14.98 | 14.95 | 12.81 |
2016 |
13.01 | 10.00 | 9.07 | 10.25 | 14.23 | 13.08 | 14.75 | 14.97 | 15.10 | 13.02 |
Men |
||||||||||
1979 |
17.44 | 12.04 | 9.85 | 14.32 | 20.65 | 19.69 | 21.98 | 21.91 | 20.34 | 10.99 |
1980 |
16.94 | 11.39 | 9.36 | 13.67 | 20.06 | 19.25 | 21.69 | 21.61 | 20.11 | 10.53 |
1981 |
16.68 | 10.94 | 9.24 | 12.97 | 19.75 | 18.60 | 21.07 | 21.55 | 20.00 | 10.69 |
1982 |
16.39 | 10.48 | 8.76 | 12.25 | 19.33 | 18.35 | 21.27 | 21.24 | 19.47 | 10.67 |
1983 |
15.87 | 10.05 | 8.42 | 11.58 | 19.06 | 17.75 | 21.15 | 21.01 | 20.05 | 10.89 |
1984 |
15.68 | 10.07 | 8.19 | 11.37 | 18.94 | 17.36 | 20.95 | 21.34 | 19.52 | 10.81 |
1985 |
15.60 | 9.96 | 7.98 | 11.13 | 18.83 | 17.02 | 20.85 | 21.21 | 19.23 | 10.62 |
1986 |
15.88 | 10.02 | 7.99 | 11.36 | 18.87 | 16.80 | 20.90 | 21.23 | 19.96 | 10.84 |
1987 |
15.70 | 9.92 | 7.98 | 11.47 | 18.51 | 16.69 | 20.40 | 20.69 | 19.64 | 10.75 |
1988 |
15.45 | 9.82 | 8.09 | 11.31 | 18.32 | 16.43 | 19.96 | 20.88 | 19.02 | 10.78 |
1989 |
15.14 | 9.66 | 8.21 | 11.25 | 18.15 | 16.00 | 19.79 | 20.34 | 18.69 | 11.03 |
1990 |
14.74 | 9.70 | 8.27 | 11.02 | 17.54 | 15.74 | 19.13 | 19.84 | 18.13 | 10.84 |
1991 |
14.76 | 9.59 | 8.14 | 10.70 | 17.15 | 15.36 | 18.87 | 20.12 | 17.32 | 10.69 |
1992 |
14.55 | 9.48 | 8.05 | 10.47 | 16.88 | 15.13 | 18.34 | 20.17 | 17.43 | 10.82 |
1993 |
14.50 | 9.41 | 7.97 | 10.36 | 16.66 | 14.89 | 18.27 | 19.89 | 17.94 | 10.98 |
1994 |
14.42 | 9.42 | 7.98 | 10.51 | 16.49 | 14.58 | 18.43 | 19.39 | 17.72 | 10.64 |
1995 |
14.44 | 9.45 | 8.04 | 10.67 | 16.79 | 14.80 | 18.61 | 19.28 | 17.39 | 10.72 |
1996 |
14.51 | 9.41 | 8.00 | 10.66 | 16.43 | 14.79 | 18.16 | 18.90 | 17.00 | 10.73 |
1997 |
14.67 | 9.63 | 8.37 | 10.72 | 16.57 | 14.81 | 18.01 | 19.10 | 17.60 | 10.39 |
1998 |
14.82 | 10.18 | 8.81 | 11.46 | 17.26 | 15.05 | 18.38 | 19.20 | 18.00 | 11.40 |
1999 |
14.86 | 10.26 | 8.90 | 11.57 | 17.29 | 15.62 | 18.41 | 19.71 | 17.59 | 11.33 |
2000 |
15.08 | 10.64 | 9.26 | 11.70 | 17.07 | 15.30 | 18.33 | 19.39 | 17.87 | 11.59 |
2001 |
15.34 | 10.85 | 9.35 | 12.09 | 17.45 | 15.69 | 18.86 | 19.31 | 17.55 | 12.20 |
2002 |
15.54 | 10.75 | 9.37 | 11.86 | 17.42 | 15.87 | 18.64 | 19.23 | 17.86 | 13.06 |
2003 |
15.52 | 10.63 | 9.16 | 11.75 | 17.30 | 15.68 | 18.45 | 19.49 | 18.39 | 12.78 |
2004 |
15.27 | 10.43 | 9.09 | 11.52 | 17.46 | 15.29 | 18.55 | 19.20 | 18.48 | 12.58 |
2005 |
14.94 | 10.34 | 8.86 | 11.30 | 17.09 | 14.95 | 18.28 | 18.59 | 18.17 | 12.33 |
2006 |
15.10 | 10.46 | 8.85 | 11.61 | 16.99 | 15.04 | 17.93 | 19.10 | 17.90 | 12.76 |
2007 |
14.99 | 10.57 | 8.99 | 11.53 | 17.07 | 14.85 | 17.56 | 18.69 | 17.88 | 12.74 |
2008 |
15.01 | 10.30 | 8.90 | 11.15 | 16.76 | 15.02 | 17.86 | 18.75 | 17.73 | 12.82 |
2009 |
15.39 | 10.31 | 9.00 | 11.17 | 16.86 | 14.77 | 18.01 | 19.00 | 18.00 | 13.42 |
2010 |
15.15 | 10.14 | 8.91 | 10.90 | 16.56 | 14.43 | 17.43 | 18.60 | 18.12 | 13.13 |
2011 |
14.73 | 9.85 | 8.71 | 10.57 | 16.13 | 14.07 | 17.11 | 18.01 | 18.22 | 13.71 |
2012 |
14.50 | 9.86 | 8.56 | 10.42 | 15.85 | 13.88 | 16.77 | 17.75 | 18.06 | 13.62 |
2013 |
14.42 | 9.96 | 8.62 | 10.30 | 15.73 | 13.82 | 16.69 | 17.68 | 17.80 | 13.26 |
2014 |
14.59 | 10.03 | 8.75 | 10.29 | 15.98 | 14.28 | 16.78 | 17.66 | 17.71 | 14.18 |
2015 |
14.85 | 10.15 | 9.08 | 10.77 | 16.05 | 14.34 | 16.68 | 17.76 | 18.21 | 14.32 |
2016 |
14.96 | 10.24 | 9.48 | 11.15 | 16.25 | 14.83 | 17.20 | 18.03 | 18.05 | 14.78 |
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 16 years and older | White | Black or African American | Asian | Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total |
|||||
1979 |
$13.70 | $13.92 | $12.69 | – | $12.59 |
1980 |
13.39 | 13.56 | 12.33 | – | 12.33 |
1981 |
13.07 | 13.15 | 12.44 | – | 12.21 |
1982 |
12.92 | 13.09 | 12.11 | – | 11.99 |
1983 |
12.82 | 12.98 | 11.81 | – | 11.67 |
1984 |
12.84 | 13.00 | 11.81 | – | 11.61 |
1985 |
12.83 | 12.98 | 11.70 | – | 11.64 |
1986 |
12.97 | 13.14 | 12.13 | – | 11.82 |
1987 |
13.07 | 13.25 | 12.10 | – | 11.76 |
1988 |
13.14 | 13.30 | 12.01 | – | 11.62 |
1989 |
13.07 | 13.23 | 12.02 | – | 11.35 |
1990 |
12.89 | 13.07 | 12.14 | – | 11.19 |
1991 |
12.89 | 13.08 | 12.03 | – | 11.10 |
1992 |
12.95 | 13.12 | 11.85 | – | 11.16 |
1993 |
12.88 | 13.04 | 11.75 | – | 11.18 |
1994 |
12.84 | 13.00 | 11.68 | – | 11.11 |
1995 |
12.79 | 13.02 | 11.99 | – | 10.95 |
1996 |
12.80 | 13.06 | 11.83 | – | 10.93 |
1997 |
13.06 | 13.25 | 11.96 | – | 11.03 |
1998 |
13.40 | 13.58 | 12.36 | – | 11.66 |
1999 |
13.73 | 14.03 | 12.75 | – | 11.63 |
2000 |
13.82 | 13.89 | 13.03 | $14.04 | 11.91 |
2001 |
13.81 | 13.90 | 13.25 | 14.57 | 12.28 |
2002 |
13.98 | 14.30 | 13.26 | 13.83 | 12.31 |
2003 |
14.16 | 14.32 | 13.25 | 14.52 | 12.74 |
2004 |
13.98 | 14.14 | 12.95 | 14.10 | 12.47 |
2005 |
13.75 | 14.10 | 12.49 | 14.75 | 12.22 |
2006 |
14.00 | 14.12 | 12.69 | 14.92 | 12.05 |
2007 |
13.83 | 13.98 | 12.60 | 14.14 | 11.85 |
2008 |
13.63 | 13.98 | 12.49 | 14.50 | 12.23 |
2009 |
13.91 | 14.16 | 13.02 | 14.72 | 12.35 |
2010 |
13.77 | 14.03 | 12.96 | 14.56 | 11.98 |
2011 |
13.56 | 13.78 | 12.58 | 14.25 | 11.79 |
2012 |
13.38 | 13.63 | 12.37 | 13.82 | 11.62 |
2013 |
13.32 | 13.54 | 12.26 | 14.03 | 11.59 |
2014 |
13.33 | 13.76 | 12.05 | 14.20 | 12.00 |
2015 |
13.60 | 14.04 | 12.21 | 14.36 | 12.19 |
2016 |
14.00 | 14.24 | 12.49 | 14.79 | 12.69 |
Women |
|||||
1979 |
11.17 | 11.17 | 10.96 | – | 10.62 |
1980 |
10.97 | 11.00 | 10.78 | – | 10.50 |
1981 |
10.86 | 10.86 | 10.63 | – | 10.41 |
1982 |
11.03 | 11.03 | 10.74 | – | 10.36 |
1983 |
11.01 | 11.03 | 10.83 | – | 10.14 |
1984 |
10.95 | 10.97 | 10.73 | – | 10.24 |
1985 |
10.91 | 10.94 | 10.72 | – | 10.26 |
1986 |
11.15 | 11.19 | 10.82 | – | 10.46 |
1987 |
11.31 | 11.35 | 10.91 | – | 10.32 |
1988 |
11.41 | 11.45 | 10.96 | – | 10.31 |
1989 |
11.42 | 11.46 | 10.99 | – | 10.34 |
1990 |
11.48 | 11.52 | 11.11 | – | 10.34 |
1991 |
11.60 | 11.62 | 11.25 | – | 10.27 |
1992 |
11.68 | 11.73 | 11.14 | – | 10.35 |
1993 |
11.65 | 11.72 | 11.24 | – | 10.33 |
1994 |
11.62 | 11.76 | 11.11 | – | 10.26 |
1995 |
11.67 | 11.80 | 11.14 | – | 10.33 |
1996 |
11.78 | 11.88 | 10.98 | – | 10.32 |
1997 |
11.85 | 11.94 | 11.33 | – | 10.18 |
1998 |
12.12 | 12.27 | 11.63 | – | 10.63 |
1999 |
12.45 | 12.58 | 11.71 | – | 10.75 |
2000 |
12.64 | 12.68 | 12.36 | 13.63 | 11.00 |
2001 |
13.06 | 13.18 | 12.40 | 13.64 | 11.22 |
2002 |
13.20 | 13.27 | 12.62 | 13.48 | 11.40 |
2003 |
13.16 | 13.20 | 12.94 | 13.94 | 11.59 |
2004 |
12.92 | 12.97 | 12.62 | 13.43 | 11.49 |
2005 |
12.67 | 12.90 | 12.20 | 14.30 | 11.28 |
2006 |
12.68 | 12.82 | 12.04 | 14.23 | 11.31 |
2007 |
12.71 | 12.80 | 12.09 | 13.69 | 11.34 |
2008 |
12.81 | 13.04 | 12.02 | 13.66 | 11.23 |
2009 |
13.15 | 13.23 | 12.32 | 14.17 | 11.29 |
2010 |
13.03 | 13.08 | 12.33 | 13.67 | 11.13 |
2011 |
12.79 | 12.86 | 12.04 | 13.66 | 10.94 |
2012 |
12.53 | 12.62 | 11.73 | 13.32 | 10.67 |
2013 |
12.48 | 12.57 | 11.88 | 13.43 | 10.80 |
2014 |
12.35 | 12.56 | 11.73 | 13.42 | 10.87 |
2015 |
12.71 | 12.98 | 11.84 | 13.97 | 11.21 |
2016 |
13.01 | 13.20 | 12.09 | 14.07 | 11.79 |
Men |
|||||
1979 |
17.44 | 17.87 | 15.09 | – | 14.78 |
1980 |
16.94 | 17.31 | 14.39 | – | 13.97 |
1981 |
16.68 | 17.03 | 14.75 | – | 13.63 |
1982 |
16.39 | 16.70 | 14.28 | – | 13.71 |
1983 |
15.87 | 16.22 | 13.67 | – | 13.33 |
1984 |
15.68 | 15.99 | 13.57 | – | 13.30 |
1985 |
15.60 | 16.13 | 13.09 | – | 12.91 |
1986 |
15.88 | 16.28 | 13.74 | – | 12.95 |
1987 |
15.70 | 16.02 | 13.62 | – | 12.87 |
1988 |
15.45 | 15.74 | 13.55 | – | 12.71 |
1989 |
15.14 | 15.48 | 13.21 | – | 12.45 |
1990 |
14.74 | 15.24 | 13.14 | – | 12.01 |
1991 |
14.76 | 15.15 | 13.01 | – | 11.82 |
1992 |
14.55 | 14.92 | 12.79 | – | 11.73 |
1993 |
14.50 | 14.84 | 12.55 | – | 11.65 |
1994 |
14.42 | 14.76 | 12.69 | – | 11.49 |
1995 |
14.44 | 15.05 | 12.77 | – | 11.36 |
1996 |
14.51 | 14.92 | 12.47 | – | 11.62 |
1997 |
14.67 | 14.87 | 12.94 | – | 11.79 |
1998 |
14.82 | 14.99 | 13.39 | – | 12.14 |
1999 |
14.86 | 15.29 | 14.08 | – | 12.41 |
2000 |
15.08 | 15.27 | 13.92 | 15.05 | 12.61 |
2001 |
15.34 | 15.73 | 13.79 | 16.04 | 13.10 |
2002 |
15.54 | 15.83 | 13.67 | 14.71 | 13.24 |
2003 |
15.52 | 15.70 | 14.11 | 15.52 | 13.09 |
2004 |
15.27 | 15.45 | 13.82 | 15.12 | 12.73 |
2005 |
14.94 | 15.32 | 13.39 | 15.66 | 12.52 |
2006 |
15.10 | 15.33 | 13.60 | 15.69 | 12.90 |
2007 |
14.99 | 15.30 | 13.39 | 15.30 | 12.81 |
2008 |
15.01 | 15.44 | 13.37 | 15.64 | 13.19 |
2009 |
15.39 | 15.60 | 13.72 | 15.67 | 13.33 |
2010 |
15.15 | 15.39 | 13.39 | 15.54 | 12.92 |
2011 |
14.73 | 14.96 | 12.87 | 15.21 | 12.60 |
2012 |
14.50 | 14.81 | 12.75 | 14.79 | 12.50 |
2013 |
14.42 | 14.67 | 12.52 | 14.67 | 12.35 |
2014 |
14.59 | 15.07 | 12.38 | 14.87 | 12.56 |
2015 |
14.85 | 15.11 | 12.81 | 15.05 | 13.08 |
2016 |
14.96 | 15.13 | 13.06 | 15.04 | 13.83 |
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 16 years and older | 16 to 24 years | 25 years and older | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 16 to 19 years | 20 to 24 years | Total | 25 to 34 years | 35 to 44 years | 45 to 54 years | 55 to 64 years | 65 years and older | ||
Total |
||||||||||
1979 |
$241 | $172 | $144 | $186 | $265 | $255 | $280 | $276 | $262 | $198 |
1980 |
262 | 187 | 154 | 200 | 286 | 276 | 302 | 298 | 285 | 203 |
1981 |
284 | 200 | 161 | 213 | 308 | 296 | 326 | 320 | 309 | 222 |
1982 |
302 | 208 | 164 | 220 | 327 | 311 | 354 | 345 | 325 | 253 |
1983 |
313 | 211 | 164 | 223 | 343 | 321 | 370 | 367 | 346 | 261 |
1984 |
326 | 217 | 169 | 231 | 362 | 335 | 389 | 385 | 366 | 272 |
1985 |
344 | 224 | 174 | 240 | 379 | 349 | 406 | 400 | 381 | 297 |
1986 |
359 | 232 | 178 | 248 | 391 | 360 | 419 | 416 | 397 | 298 |
1987 |
374 | 243 | 186 | 259 | 403 | 373 | 435 | 429 | 405 | 310 |
1988 |
385 | 249 | 196 | 266 | 414 | 383 | 450 | 453 | 419 | 323 |
1989 |
399 | 259 | 204 | 276 | 427 | 394 | 472 | 472 | 431 | 334 |
1990 |
412 | 269 | 209 | 285 | 449 | 407 | 486 | 489 | 457 | 343 |
1991 |
426 | 277 | 213 | 291 | 467 | 415 | 498 | 507 | 469 | 381 |
1992 |
440 | 276 | 212 | 290 | 479 | 422 | 503 | 522 | 483 | 378 |
1993 |
459 | 282 | 214 | 297 | 491 | 436 | 517 | 542 | 492 | 393 |
1994 |
467 | 286 | 221 | 300 | 500 | 439 | 537 | 566 | 501 | 384 |
1995 |
479 | 292 | 231 | 306 | 510 | 451 | 550 | 582 | 514 | 389 |
1996 |
490 | 298 | 240 | 312 | 520 | 463 | 559 | 594 | 535 | 384 |
1997 |
503 | 306 | 252 | 321 | 540 | 481 | 579 | 607 | 558 | 393 |
1998 |
523 | 319 | 268 | 339 | 572 | 502 | 597 | 620 | 592 | 405 |
1999 |
549 | 341 | 281 | 363 | 592 | 518 | 611 | 652 | 604 | 404 |
2000 |
576 | 361 | 297 | 383 | 609 | 549 | 625 | 669 | 620 | 463 |
2001 |
596 | 375 | 305 | 394 | 630 | 576 | 657 | 693 | 638 | 488 |
2002 |
608 | 381 | 305 | 399 | 646 | 591 | 668 | 706 | 674 | 502 |
2003 |
620 | 387 | 311 | 402 | 662 | 594 | 687 | 723 | 708 | 516 |
2004 |
638 | 390 | 309 | 406 | 683 | 604 | 713 | 743 | 725 | 560 |
2005 |
651 | 397 | 318 | 411 | 696 | 610 | 731 | 748 | 742 | 569 |
2006 |
671 | 409 | 324 | 423 | 718 | 621 | 748 | 773 | 765 | 583 |
2007 |
695 | 424 | 337 | 450 | 738 | 643 | 769 | 790 | 803 | 605 |
2008 |
722 | 443 | 349 | 467 | 761 | 666 | 804 | 822 | 825 | 644 |
2009 |
739 | 442 | 344 | 464 | 774 | 678 | 817 | 838 | 841 | 684 |
2010 |
747 | 432 | 347 | 454 | 782 | 682 | 824 | 844 | 860 | 684 |
2011 |
756 | 440 | 352 | 457 | 797 | 693 | 837 | 866 | 881 | 742 |
2012 |
768 | 444 | 356 | 464 | 815 | 707 | 858 | 878 | 897 | 757 |
2013 |
776 | 454 | 373 | 472 | 827 | 708 | 874 | 883 | 904 | 801 |
2014 |
791 | 477 | 378 | 491 | 839 | 726 | 881 | 899 | 911 | 824 |
2015 |
809 | 487 | 389 | 501 | 860 | 735 | 900 | 923 | 927 | 873 |
2016 |
832 | 501 | 405 | 513 | 885 | 751 | 934 | 955 | 952 | 866 |
Women |
||||||||||
1979 |
182 | 154 | 132 | 161 | 195 | 199 | 196 | 192 | 189 | 170 |
1980 |
201 | 167 | 145 | 175 | 213 | 218 | 214 | 209 | 205 | 175 |
1981 |
219 | 180 | 154 | 191 | 233 | 239 | 238 | 225 | 222 | 189 |
1982 |
239 | 192 | 158 | 201 | 255 | 258 | 258 | 252 | 245 | 211 |
1983 |
252 | 198 | 158 | 207 | 268 | 272 | 272 | 264 | 257 | 212 |
1984 |
265 | 203 | 162 | 213 | 283 | 285 | 292 | 279 | 270 | 219 |
1985 |
277 | 211 | 166 | 221 | 296 | 296 | 307 | 292 | 285 | 242 |
1986 |
291 | 219 | 170 | 231 | 308 | 306 | 319 | 308 | 296 | 256 |
1987 |
303 | 227 | 172 | 242 | 321 | 316 | 337 | 324 | 308 | 261 |
1988 |
315 | 235 | 184 | 251 | 335 | 327 | 354 | 339 | 317 | 280 |
1989 |
328 | 246 | 197 | 260 | 351 | 340 | 370 | 357 | 333 | 292 |
1990 |
346 | 254 | 198 | 269 | 369 | 356 | 390 | 377 | 348 | 300 |
1991 |
366 | 266 | 205 | 280 | 387 | 371 | 407 | 398 | 363 | 319 |
1992 |
380 | 267 | 205 | 280 | 400 | 382 | 418 | 417 | 376 | 328 |
1993 |
393 | 273 | 205 | 289 | 415 | 395 | 435 | 440 | 395 | 335 |
1994 |
399 | 276 | 211 | 290 | 421 | 397 | 448 | 450 | 398 | 336 |
1995 |
406 | 275 | 215 | 291 | 428 | 403 | 453 | 464 | 403 | 353 |
1996 |
418 | 284 | 223 | 298 | 444 | 415 | 463 | 481 | 420 | 334 |
1997 |
431 | 292 | 240 | 306 | 462 | 427 | 482 | 495 | 433 | 348 |
1998 |
456 | 305 | 249 | 319 | 485 | 451 | 498 | 516 | 476 | 350 |
1999 |
473 | 324 | 266 | 343 | 497 | 470 | 503 | 534 | 492 | 370 |
2000 |
493 | 344 | 283 | 366 | 516 | 493 | 521 | 564 | 508 | 392 |
2001 |
512 | 353 | 288 | 375 | 543 | 512 | 547 | 587 | 536 | 390 |
2002 |
529 | 367 | 295 | 385 | 568 | 530 | 571 | 602 | 574 | 430 |
2003 |
552 | 371 | 299 | 387 | 584 | 546 | 590 | 609 | 601 | 435 |
2004 |
573 | 375 | 293 | 391 | 599 | 561 | 608 | 625 | 615 | 478 |
2005 |
585 | 381 | 304 | 396 | 612 | 573 | 621 | 644 | 639 | 492 |
2006 |
600 | 395 | 305 | 413 | 627 | 583 | 645 | 659 | 658 | 510 |
2007 |
614 | 409 | 318 | 426 | 646 | 597 | 668 | 677 | 679 | 534 |
2008 |
638 | 420 | 322 | 445 | 670 | 623 | 682 | 707 | 711 | 563 |
2009 |
657 | 424 | 323 | 445 | 687 | 634 | 709 | 712 | 727 | 602 |
2010 |
669 | 422 | 336 | 439 | 704 | 648 | 731 | 730 | 736 | 601 |
2011 |
684 | 421 | 328 | 438 | 718 | 662 | 734 | 744 | 749 | 664 |
2012 |
691 | 416 | 330 | 429 | 727 | 666 | 747 | 746 | 766 | 667 |
2013 |
706 | 423 | 350 | 442 | 740 | 665 | 767 | 761 | 779 | 691 |
2014 |
719 | 451 | 357 | 468 | 752 | 679 | 781 | 780 | 780 | 740 |
2015 |
726 | 450 | 364 | 468 | 761 | 690 | 804 | 799 | 784 | 740 |
2016 |
749 | 486 | 388 | 500 | 784 | 705 | 839 | 836 | 812 | 749 |
Men |
||||||||||
1979 |
292 | 196 | 155 | 211 | 314 | 295 | 336 | 338 | 312 | 219 |
1980 |
313 | 208 | 162 | 224 | 339 | 314 | 367 | 367 | 345 | 229 |
1981 |
340 | 218 | 168 | 237 | 372 | 340 | 397 | 396 | 377 | 266 |
1982 |
364 | 225 | 170 | 244 | 393 | 358 | 422 | 419 | 399 | 300 |
1983 |
379 | 223 | 168 | 242 | 407 | 371 | 442 | 444 | 416 | 308 |
1984 |
392 | 231 | 174 | 250 | 422 | 382 | 471 | 470 | 439 | 328 |
1985 |
407 | 241 | 183 | 258 | 443 | 394 | 487 | 489 | 467 | 367 |
1986 |
419 | 246 | 186 | 264 | 463 | 402 | 499 | 506 | 484 | 358 |
1987 |
434 | 257 | 196 | 275 | 477 | 412 | 510 | 520 | 495 | 380 |
1988 |
449 | 262 | 205 | 279 | 487 | 421 | 517 | 549 | 509 | 395 |
1989 |
468 | 271 | 209 | 290 | 500 | 434 | 542 | 569 | 521 | 393 |
1990 |
481 | 282 | 218 | 298 | 512 | 449 | 560 | 591 | 546 | 403 |
1991 |
493 | 285 | 219 | 300 | 523 | 458 | 576 | 612 | 563 | 467 |
1992 |
501 | 284 | 218 | 297 | 536 | 466 | 581 | 634 | 579 | 421 |
1993 |
510 | 288 | 221 | 303 | 555 | 476 | 596 | 653 | 586 | 451 |
1994 |
522 | 294 | 228 | 307 | 576 | 479 | 617 | 671 | 603 | 441 |
1995 |
538 | 303 | 244 | 315 | 588 | 490 | 624 | 685 | 623 | 441 |
1996 |
557 | 307 | 251 | 321 | 599 | 499 | 632 | 698 | 643 | 477 |
1997 |
579 | 317 | 262 | 338 | 615 | 515 | 651 | 713 | 669 | 452 |
1998 |
598 | 334 | 281 | 357 | 639 | 544 | 677 | 732 | 699 | 482 |
1999 |
618 | 356 | 291 | 379 | 668 | 577 | 702 | 763 | 725 | 470 |
2000 |
641 | 375 | 306 | 395 | 693 | 598 | 728 | 771 | 735 | 522 |
2001 |
670 | 391 | 319 | 408 | 720 | 617 | 754 | 799 | 760 | 565 |
2002 |
679 | 391 | 312 | 410 | 732 | 627 | 759 | 807 | 802 | 583 |
2003 |
695 | 398 | 321 | 412 | 744 | 628 | 775 | 834 | 827 | 612 |
2004 |
713 | 400 | 318 | 417 | 762 | 639 | 804 | 857 | 843 | 641 |
2005 |
722 | 409 | 330 | 422 | 771 | 644 | 822 | 853 | 855 | 644 |
2006 |
743 | 418 | 348 | 435 | 797 | 661 | 836 | 897 | 902 | 658 |
2007 |
766 | 443 | 357 | 472 | 823 | 687 | 873 | 909 | 933 | 686 |
2008 |
798 | 461 | 369 | 481 | 857 | 704 | 915 | 944 | 943 | 753 |
2009 |
819 | 458 | 356 | 479 | 873 | 715 | 916 | 967 | 965 | 791 |
2010 |
824 | 443 | 355 | 468 | 874 | 714 | 915 | 954 | 979 | 794 |
2011 |
832 | 455 | 370 | 470 | 886 | 717 | 935 | 979 | 997 | 821 |
2012 |
854 | 468 | 373 | 482 | 910 | 738 | 957 | 994 | 1,005 | 860 |
2013 |
860 | 479 | 390 | 492 | 912 | 744 | 956 | 994 | 1,011 | 937 |
2014 |
871 | 493 | 392 | 507 | 922 | 755 | 964 | 1,011 | 1,021 | 942 |
2015 |
895 | 510 | 407 | 522 | 947 | 770 | 983 | 1,040 | 1,064 | 1,003 |
2016 |
915 | 512 | 419 | 523 | 969 | 794 | 1,007 | 1,075 | 1,102 | 992 |
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. |
Year | Total, 16 years and older | White | Black or African American | Asian | Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total |
|||||
1979 |
$241 | $248 | $199 | – | $194 |
1980 |
262 | 269 | 212 | – | 209 |
1981 |
284 | 291 | 235 | – | 223 |
1982 |
302 | 310 | 245 | – | 240 |
1983 |
313 | 320 | 261 | – | 250 |
1984 |
326 | 336 | 269 | – | 259 |
1985 |
344 | 356 | 277 | – | 270 |
1986 |
359 | 371 | 291 | – | 277 |
1987 |
374 | 384 | 301 | – | 285 |
1988 |
385 | 395 | 314 | – | 290 |
1989 |
399 | 409 | 319 | – | 298 |
1990 |
412 | 424 | 329 | – | 304 |
1991 |
426 | 442 | 348 | – | 312 |
1992 |
440 | 458 | 357 | – | 321 |
1993 |
459 | 475 | 369 | – | 331 |
1994 |
467 | 484 | 371 | – | 324 |
1995 |
479 | 494 | 383 | – | 329 |
1996 |
490 | 506 | 387 | – | 339 |
1997 |
503 | 519 | 400 | – | 351 |
1998 |
523 | 545 | 426 | – | 370 |
1999 |
549 | 573 | 445 | – | 385 |
2000 |
576 | 590 | 474 | $615 | 399 |
2001 |
596 | 610 | 491 | 639 | 417 |
2002 |
608 | 623 | 498 | 658 | 424 |
2003 |
620 | 636 | 514 | 693 | 440 |
2004 |
638 | 657 | 525 | 708 | 456 |
2005 |
651 | 672 | 520 | 753 | 471 |
2006 |
671 | 690 | 554 | 784 | 486 |
2007 |
695 | 716 | 569 | 830 | 503 |
2008 |
722 | 742 | 589 | 861 | 529 |
2009 |
739 | 757 | 601 | 880 | 541 |
2010 |
747 | 765 | 611 | 855 | 535 |
2011 |
756 | 775 | 615 | 866 | 549 |
2012 |
768 | 792 | 621 | 920 | 568 |
2013 |
776 | 802 | 629 | 942 | 578 |
2014 |
791 | 816 | 639 | 953 | 594 |
2015 |
809 | 835 | 641 | 993 | 604 |
2016 |
832 | 862 | 678 | 1,021 | 624 |
Women |
|||||
1979 |
182 | 184 | 169 | – | 157 |
1980 |
201 | 203 | 185 | – | 172 |
1981 |
219 | 221 | 206 | – | 190 |
1982 |
239 | 242 | 217 | – | 203 |
1983 |
252 | 254 | 232 | – | 215 |
1984 |
265 | 268 | 241 | – | 223 |
1985 |
277 | 281 | 252 | – | 230 |
1986 |
291 | 294 | 264 | – | 241 |
1987 |
303 | 307 | 276 | – | 251 |
1988 |
315 | 318 | 288 | – | 260 |
1989 |
328 | 334 | 301 | – | 269 |
1990 |
346 | 353 | 308 | – | 278 |
1991 |
366 | 373 | 323 | – | 292 |
1992 |
380 | 387 | 335 | – | 302 |
1993 |
393 | 401 | 348 | – | 313 |
1994 |
399 | 408 | 346 | – | 305 |
1995 |
406 | 415 | 355 | – | 305 |
1996 |
418 | 428 | 362 | – | 316 |
1997 |
431 | 444 | 375 | – | 318 |
1998 |
456 | 468 | 400 | – | 337 |