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March 2023 Report 1102

Highlights of women's earnings in 2021

Highlights of women's earnings in 2021 image

In 2021, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median usual weekly earnings that were 83 percent of those of male full-time wage and salary workers. In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings data are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s earnings. Most of the growth in women’s earnings relative to men’s occurred in the 1980s (when the women’s-to-men’s ratio went from 64 percent to 70 percent) and in the 1990s (when the ratio went from 72 percent to 77 percent). Since 2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has remained in the 80 to 83 percent range. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.)

This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The weekly and hourly earnings estimates in this report reflect information collected from one-fourth of the households in the monthly survey and averaged for the calendar year. The data in this report are distinct from the annual earnings estimates for full-time, year-round workers collected separately in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS and published by the U.S. Census Bureau. (See the Current Population Survey’s frequently asked questions page for an explanation of the differences in these datasets.)

The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be important in explaining earnings differences, such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. The earnings estimates referenced throughout this report are medians. The median is the mid-point in the earnings distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median level and half having earnings below.

See the accompanying technical notes section for more information, including a description of the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and definitions used in this report.

Earnings of full-time workers

This report highlights data for women and men who usually work full time (35 hours or more per week) in wage and salary jobs, with sections focusing on characteristics such as age, race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, education, occupation, and more.

Earnings by age group

In 2021, median weekly earnings were $912 for all women age 16 and older. For men age 16 and older, median weekly earnings were $1,097. Women’s median weekly earnings were highest for those ages 45 to 54, with earnings of $1,012. Women ages 35 to 44 and ages 55 to 64 had earnings that were slightly lower—$992 and $976, respectively. For men, earnings were also highest for those ages 45 to 54, with earnings of $1,295. Men ages 35 to 44 and ages 55 to 64 had earnings that were slightly lower, at $1,241 and $1,256, respectively. Young women and men ages 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings ($605 and $650, respectively). (See chart 2 and table 1.)

 

Among workers age 35 and older, women earned between 77 percent and 80 percent of what their male counterparts earned in 2021. Women ages 25 to 34 earned 91 percent of what men did, while women ages 16 to 24 earned 93 percent of what men earned. The earnings difference between men and women has historically been smaller for those under age 35 than for those in older age groups. (See tables 1 and 12.)

Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios have grown substantially for most age groups since 1979. For young workers ages 16 to 24, the gains occurred primarily in the 1980s. For workers ages 25 to 64, the gains continued into the 2000s, but have tapered off in recent years. (See table 12.)

Earnings by race and ethnicity

Asian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2021. Among women, Whites ($925) earned 81 percent as much as Asians ($1,141), Blacks ($776) earned 68 percent, and Hispanics ($718) earned 63 percent. Among men, these earnings differences were even larger: White men ($1,125) earned 77 percent as much as Asian men ($1,453), Black men ($825) earned 57 percent as much, and Hispanic men ($820) earned 56 percent. (See chart 3 and table 1.)

Earnings differences between women and men were largest among Asians and among Whites. Asian women earned 79 percent as much as Asian men and White women earned 82 percent as much as White men. In comparison, Black women had median earnings that were 94 percent of Black men’s, and Hispanic women’s earnings were 88 percent of Hispanic men’s. (See table 1.)

Women’s earnings have increased considerably since 1979 (the first year for which comparable data for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics are available), with White women experiencing the greatest earnings growth. From 1979 to 2021, inflation-adjusted median weekly earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings) increased by 44 percent for White women, and by 31 percent for both Black and Hispanic women. Yet, within this overall increase, White and Black women’s gains tapered off around 2004. Since that time, White women experienced an earnings growth of 10 percent, and Black women experienced an increase of 7 percent. In contrast, although substantial earnings growth for Hispanic women did not begin until the late 1990s, while their gains did taper off in 2004, their gains rebounded more quickly than those of White or Black women and generally remained on an upward trend. After sharp increases in 2020, earnings of White, Black, and Hispanic women declined from 2020 to 2021. These declines must be interpreted with caution as employment continued to recover in 2021—especially among lower-paid workers. Despite the earnings decline in 2021, earnings for White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic women were still higher in 2020 and 2021 than their pre-pandemic (2019) levels. (See table 18.)

The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite different than that for women. Inflation-adjusted earnings for White and Black men trended down from 1979 through the first part of the 1990s, followed by a period of growth that stalled in the early 2000s. For Hispanic men, earnings also declined from 1979 through the mid-1990s, then began to trend upwards. Over the full period, 1979 through 2021, inflation-adjusted earnings have seen a net increase for White (8 percent), Black (4 percent), and Hispanic (7 percent) men. (See table 18.)

Between 2000 and 2021, inflation-adjusted earnings for Asian women and men remained on an upward trend. (Data for Asians are not available prior to 2000.) Asian women’s earnings grew by 32 percent and Asian men’s earnings grew by 35 percent over that period. (See table 18.)

Earnings by educational attainment

Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma ($626) were 43 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree and higher ($1,452) in 2021. For workers with a high school diploma who had not attended college, median earnings ($809) were 56 percent of those for workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher. Those with some college or an associate’s degree ($925) made 64 percent of what workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher made. (See table 1.)

In each educational attainment category, the long-term trend in inflation-adjusted earnings has been more favorable for women than for men. The inflation-adjusted earnings of women without a high school diploma increased by 4 percent between 1979 and 2021. By contrast, inflation-adjusted earnings for men declined by 22 percent. For those with a bachelor’s degree or higher, inflation-adjusted earnings for women have increased by 38 percent since 1979, while earnings for men have risen by 20 percent. (Data refer to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 19.)

Earnings by occupation

Women and men working full time in management, business, and financial operations occupations had higher median weekly earnings than workers in any other major occupational category in 2021 ($1,306 for women and $1,672 for men). Within this category, women who were computer and information systems managers ($1,908) and chief executives ($1,904) had the highest median weekly earnings in 2021. Among men, those who were architectural and engineering managers ($2,723) and chief executives ($2,721) earned the most. (See table 2.)

The second-highest paying occupational category for women and men was professional and related occupations ($1,167 for women and $1,555 for men). This is a broad occupational category made up of several distinct job groupings for specialized fields such as computer science and math, architecture and engineering, law, education, and healthcare. Within this diverse category, women who were other physicians ($2,283), pharmacists ($2,087), and lawyers ($1,912) had the highest median weekly earnings in 2021. For men, those who were other physicians ($2,647), lawyers ($2,495), and medical scientists ($2,291) earned the most. (See table 2.)

Women and men employed in service occupations earned the least in 2021 ($598 for women and $723 for men). Within this category, women who were employed as dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers ($477) and host and hostesses, restaurant lounge, and coffee shop ($500) had the lowest median weekly earnings. For men, those who were employed as fast food and counter workers ($511), dishwashers ($511), and food preparation workers ($571) earned the least.

Occupational distributions of women and men

The occupational distributions of female and male full-time workers differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively few women work in natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations and women are far more concentrated in office and administrative support jobs. (See chart 5 and table 2.)

Women also are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. In 2021, 32 percent of women worked in professional and related occupations, compared with 21 percent of men. Within the professional category, though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying jobs is much smaller than the proportion of men employed in them. In 2021, 11 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the relatively high-paying computer and mathematical (median weekly earnings of $1,499 for women and $1,742 for men), and architecture and engineering ($1,435 for women and $1,725 for men) occupations, compared with 48 percent of men. Women were over twice as likely to work in education ($1,071 for women and $1,332 for men) and healthcare ($1,218 for women and $1,516 for men) jobs, which generally pay less than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-six percent of women in professional occupations worked in education and healthcare jobs in 2021, compared with 29 percent of men. (See table 2.)

Across all occupational categories, the three most common jobs for women were registered nurse ($1,274), elementary and middle school teacher ($1,138), and secretary and administrative assistant ($807). Collectively, these occupations employed 6.0 million women in 2021, representing 12 percent of women in full-time wage and salary jobs.

Among men, the most common job by far was truck driver (driver/sales workers and truck drivers, $933). In 2021, 2.5 million, or 4 percent, of all male full-time wage and salary workers were truck drivers. Although engineering jobs are shown separately by specialty (civil, mechanical, etc.) in this report, if combined, engineer would be the second most common job for men. In 2021, a total of 1.9 million men were employed full time in the 16 designated engineering specialties (median weekly earnings ranging from $1,661 to $2,083). (See table 2.)

Earnings for those with and without children under 18

In 2021, one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. (As defined here, “children” include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household.) Median weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 ($939) were higher than the earnings for women without children under 18 ($899). Earnings for fathers of children under age 18, at $1,240, were higher than the earnings of $1,019 for men without children under 18. (See table 7.)

Earnings by state of residence

Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. (In this report, “state” refers to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and industries found in each state and differences in the demographic composition of each state’s labor force. Readers should note that sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates. (See the technical notes section for an explanation of sampling error.) Consequently, earnings comparisons between states should be made with caution. Readers should also note that the state estimates are based on workers’ state of residence; their reported earnings are not necessarily from a job located in the same state. (See table 3.)

Weekly work hours of full-time workers

Among full-time workers (those usually working at a job 35 hours or more per week), men are more likely than women to work more than 40 hours per week. In 2021, 22 percent of men who usually work full time worked 41 or more hours per week, compared with 14 percent of women. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 10 percent of women working full time worked such hours in 2021, while 4 percent of men did. A majority of both male (74 percent) and female (77 percent) full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women earned 88 percent as much as men. (This analysis excludes people who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose hours vary.) (See table 5.)

Earnings of part-time workers

Women are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or main job. Women who worked part time made up 20 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2021. In comparison, 10 percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.)

Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $320 in 2021, little different than the $311 median for men. (See table 4.)

Part-time workers are more likely to be under age 25 than full-time workers. Among part-timers, 31 percent of women and 43 percent of men were under age 25 in 2021. Among full-time workers, 9 percent were under age 25 for both men and women. (See tables 1 and 4.)

Earnings of workers paid by the hour

In 2021, 58 percent of women and 54 percent of men in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour. Women who were paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $16.02 in 2021, which were 89 percent of the $18.05 median for men. (See tables 8 and 11.)

Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2021, 2 percent of women and 1 percent of men had hourly earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See tables 10 and 11.) (See the technical notes section for information about BLS estimates of the number of minimum wage workers.)

Statistical Tables

Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2021 annual averages
Characteristic Total Women Men Women's
earnings
as a
percentage
of men's
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median		 Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median		 Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median

Age

Total, 16 years and older

 114,316 $998 $2 51,388 $912 $3 62,928 $1,097 $5 83.1

16 to 24 years

 10,392 623 3 4,655 605 3 5,737 650 5 93.1

16 to 19 years

 1,569 527 7 645 499 6 924 563 11 88.6

20 to 24 years

 8,823 645 4 4,010 619 3 4,813 671 5 92.3

25 years and older

 103,924 1,057 3 46,733 954 3 57,191 1,160 3 82.2

25 to 34 years

 28,697 931 4 12,814 881 5 15,883 972 5 90.6

35 to 44 years

 26,449 1,131 5 11,678 992 7 14,771 1,241 8 79.9

45 to 54 years

 24,317 1,154 5 11,179 1,012 8 13,138 1,295 13 78.1

55 to 64 years

 19,292 1,132 7 8,838 976 8 10,453 1,256 10 77.7

65 years and older

 5,169 994 9 2,224 867 14 2,946 1,129 17 76.8

Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity

White

 87,738 1,018 3 38,356 925 3 49,382 1,125 4 82.2

Black or African American

 14,740 801 5 7,641 776 6 7,099 825 9 94.1

Asian

 7,780 1,328 19 3,520 1,141 13 4,259 1,453 16 78.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 20,841 777 4 8,372 718 4 12,469 820 6 87.6

Marital Status

Never married

 37,127 813 3 16,523 777 4 20,604 846 6 91.8

Married, spouse present(1)

 60,045 1,159 3 25,173 1,010 5 34,873 1,282 7 78.8

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)

 17,144 955 6 9,692 892 7 7,452 1,049 12 85.0

Widowed

 1,717 877 18 1,245 836 24 472 951 23 87.9

Divorced

 11,458 997 7 6,469 929 8 4,989 1,107 16 83.9

Separated(2)

 3,969 857 14 1,978 794 13 1,991 936 26 84.8

Union Affiliation(3)

Members of unions(4)

 12,654 1,169 6 5,618 1,104 12 7,036 1,227 10 90.0

Represented by unions(5)

 14,275 1,158 5 6,417 1,086 11 7,858 1,217 9 89.2

Not represented by a union

 100,041 975 3 44,971 884 3 55,070 1,069 5 82.7

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older

 103,924 1,057 3 46,733 954 3 57,191 1,160 3 82.2

Less than a high school diploma

 6,033 626 4 1,910 550 6 4,123 684 5 80.4

High school graduates, no college

 24,860 809 3 9,364 698 3 15,496 904 4 77.2

Some college or associate degree

 25,824 925 4 12,049 803 4 13,775 1,047 7 76.7

Bachelor's degree and higher

 47,207 1,452 5 23,409 1,272 6 23,798 1,661 9 76.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages.
(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.
(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.
(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2021 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Total Women Men Women's
earnings
as a
percentage
of men's
Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median

Total, full-time wage and salary workers

 114,316 $998 $2 51,388 $912 $3 62,928 $1,097 $5 83.1

Management, professional, and related occupations

 51,166 1,390 5 26,605 1,222 6 24,561 1,609 11 75.9

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

 21,529 1,482 8 10,299 1,306 14 11,231 1,672 19 78.1

Management occupations

 13,942 1,546 8 6,116 1,341 10 7,826 1,752 11 76.5

Chief executives

 1,151 2,473 64 348 1,904 36 803 2,721 141 70.0

General and operations managers

 999 1,449 27 361 1,285 54 637 1,548 44 83.0

Legislators

 13 - - 7 - - 6 - - -

Advertising and promotions managers

 55 1,338 36 23 - - 31 - - -

Marketing managers

 490 1,545 59 309 1,490 62 182 1,698 121 87.8

Sales managers

 500 1,749 37 150 1,344 40 350 1,910 31 70.4

Public relations and fundraising managers

 100 1,670 176 66 1,659 46 34 - - -

Administrative services managers

 50 1,227 68 41 - - 9 - - -

Facilities managers

 132 1,456 85 25 - - 106 1,542 55 -

Computer and information systems managers

 675 2,085 44 184 1,908 187 492 2,135 80 89.4

Financial managers

 1,220 1,569 30 681 1,372 41 539 1,885 19 72.8

Compensation and benefits managers

 18 - - 14 - - 5 - - -

Human resources managers

 260 1,587 100 211 1,545 61 49 - - -

Training and development managers

 49 - - 34 - - 15 - - -

Industrial production managers

 236 1,636 83 46 - - 190 1,666 218 -

Purchasing managers

 214 1,562 104 97 1,363 53 117 1,612 105 84.6

Transportation, storage, and distribution managers

 304 1,113 52 65 984 32 239 1,221 61 80.6

Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers

 126 1,032 90 24 - - 103 1,048 125 -

Construction managers

 633 1,534 36 54 1,165 80 578 1,548 31 75.3

Education and childcare administrators

 856 1,551 25 540 1,411 42 315 1,857 41 76.0

Architectural and engineering managers

 176 2,709 90 20 - - 156 2,723 231 -

Food service managers

 758 881 29 398 789 30 360 1,014 50 77.8

Funeral home managers

 5 - - 2 - - 4 - - -

Entertainment and recreation managers

 31 - - 10 - - 22 - - -

Lodging managers

 83 973 46 41 - - 42 - - -

Medical and health services managers

 676 1,463 49 515 1,363 41 161 1,773 256 76.9

Natural sciences managers

 17 - - 9 - - 9 - - -

Postmasters and mail superintendents

 12 - - 6 - - 6 - - -

Property, real estate, and community association managers

 466 1,162 27 254 1,086 99 212 1,360 40 79.9

Social and community service managers

 348 1,204 40 222 1,150 44 125 1,317 95 87.3

Emergency management directors

 12 - - 7 - - 5 - - -

Personal service managers, all other

 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Managers, all other

 3,276 1,573 23 1,352 1,396 32 1,924 1,747 28 79.9

Business and financial operations occupations

 7,587 1,382 12 4,183 1,253 11 3,404 1,552 14 80.7

Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes

 30 - - 15 - - 15 - - -

Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products

 9 - - 1 - - 8 - - -

Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products

 126 1,061 52 69 1,027 113 56 1,072 253 95.8

Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products

 212 1,165 31 132 1,165 35 80 1,165 59 100.0

Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators

 327 1,147 35 189 973 44 138 1,327 46 73.3

Compliance officers

 274 1,369 55 137 1,423 60 137 1,331 65 106.9

Cost estimators

 119 1,395 138 27 - - 92 1,448 54 -

Human resources workers

 795 1,251 28 579 1,212 63 217 1,411 85 85.9

Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists

 66 1,232 42 48 - - 18 - - -

Training and development specialists

 130 1,342 51 64 1,195 99 66 1,464 137 81.6

Logisticians

 116 1,322 81 43 - - 72 1,336 21 -

Project management specialists

 735 1,649 30 321 1,455 33 415 1,861 43 78.2

Management analysts

 707 1,608 41 323 1,451 32 384 1,887 39 76.9

Meeting, convention, and event planners

 84 1,080 40 71 1,037 53 13 - - -

Fundraisers

 80 1,667 219 54 1,540 164 26 - - -

Market research analysts and marketing specialists

 335 1,446 90 200 1,276 73 135 1,743 73 73.2

Business operations specialists, all other

 497 1,241 34 289 1,162 45 208 1,326 50 87.6

Accountants and auditors

 1,374 1,345 17 852 1,261 23 521 1,494 50 84.4

Property appraisers and assessors

 39 - - 14 - - 25 - - -

Budget analysts

 59 1,558 58 35 - - 24 - - -

Credit analysts

 46 - - 29 - - 17 - - -

Financial and investment analysts

 313 1,719 108 137 1,607 51 177 1,837 38 87.5

Personal financial advisors

 389 1,773 121 154 1,424 136 235 2,183 272 65.2

Insurance underwriters

 122 1,367 34 73 1,365 404 49 - - -

Financial examiners

 13 - - 9 - - 4 - - -

Credit counselors and loan officers

 427 1,332 46 218 1,127 29 208 1,560 42 72.2

Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents

 60 1,015 36 31 - - 28 - - -

Tax preparers

 50 961 44 30 - - 20 - - -

Other financial specialists

 54 1,441 92 37 - - 17 - - -

Professional and related occupations

 29,637 1,335 6 16,306 1,167 5 13,330 1,555 7 75.0

Computer and mathematical occupations

 5,267 1,660 19 1,350 1,499 26 3,917 1,742 12 86.1

Computer and information research scientists

 41 - - 13 - - 28 - - -

Computer systems analysts

 423 1,489 37 157 1,414 33 266 1,556 56 90.9

Information security analysts

 145 1,874 88 26 - - 120 1,904 70 -

Computer programmers

 387 1,734 30 79 1,677 167 308 1,742 31 96.3

Software developers

 1,875 1,922 39 369 1,840 82 1,507 1,992 39 92.4

Software quality assurance analysts and testers

 70 1,550 58 33 - - 37 - - -

Web developers

 59 1,327 214 22 - - 38 - - -

Web and digital interface designers

 40 - - 17 - - 23 - - -

Computer support specialists

 620 1,256 29 148 1,209 73 471 1,265 36 95.6

Database administrators and architects

 103 1,879 46 35 - - 68 1,920 75 -

Network and computer systems administrators

 205 1,505 90 35 - - 171 1,529 80 -

Computer network architects

 104 1,990 39 11 - - 93 2,006 44 -

Computer occupations, all other

 787 1,413 31 211 1,143 54 577 1,483 50 77.1

Actuaries

 30 - - 15 - - 16 - - -

Mathematicians

 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - -

Operations research analysts

 126 1,574 118 67 1,408 50 60 1,773 156 79.4

Statisticians

 37 - - 15 - - 21 - - -

Other mathematical science occupations

 213 1,458 44 99 1,388 243 115 1,470 66 94.4

Architecture and engineering occupations

 2,985 1,641 20 502 1,435 31 2,483 1,725 30 83.2

Architects, except landscape and naval

 151 1,642 110 45 - - 106 1,751 50 -

Landscape architects

 19 - - 6 - - 12 - - -

Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists

 34 - - 4 - - 31 - - -

Aerospace engineers

 125 1,863 73 22 - - 103 1,895 32 -

Agricultural engineers

 8 - - 0 - - 8 - - -

Bioengineers and biomedical engineers

 15 - - 1 - - 15 - - -

Chemical engineers

 76 1,875 57 12 - - 65 1,915 36 -

Civil engineers

 403 1,633 73 69 1,531 62 334 1,661 65 92.2

Computer hardware engineers

 86 2,006 254 9 - - 77 2,083 237 -

Electrical and electronics engineers

 286 1,899 26 19 - - 267 1,910 28 -

Environmental engineers

 32 - - 12 - - 20 - - -

Industrial engineers, including health and safety

 221 1,648 56 60 1,571 66 161 1,725 64 91.1

Marine engineers and naval architects

 15 - - 0 - - 15 - - -

Materials engineers

 49 - - 15 - - 33 - - -

Mechanical engineers

 329 1,660 36 31 - - 298 1,732 110 -

Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers

 9 - - 3 - - 6 - - -

Nuclear engineers

 11 - - 2 - - 10 - - -

Petroleum engineers

 11 - - 3 - - 8 - - -

Engineers, all other

 602 1,771 44 97 1,549 37 505 1,833 52 84.5

Architectural and civil drafters

 29 - - 7 - - 21 - - -

Other drafters

 90 1,280 64 25 - - 66 1,437 34 -

Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians

 62 1,243 51 7 - - 55 1,261 48 -

Other engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters

 275 1,245 76 52 903 103 222 1,367 50 66.1

Surveying and mapping technicians

 50 796 46 2 - - 48 - - -

Life, physical, and social science occupations

 1,391 1,407 23 627 1,342 17 763 1,496 52 89.7

Agricultural and food scientists

 30 - - 14 - - 16 - - -

Biological scientists

 89 1,317 245 42 - - 46 - - -

Conservation scientists and foresters

 19 - - 7 - - 12 - - -

Medical scientists

 116 1,662 222 59 1,368 26 57 2,291 32 59.7

Life scientists, all other

 8 - - 5 - - 3 - - -

Astronomers and physicists

 19 - - 6 - - 13 - - -

Atmospheric and space scientists

 9 - - 3 - - 6 - - -

Chemists and materials scientists

 90 1,647 110 28 - - 62 1,681 93 -

Environmental scientists and specialists, including health

 39 - - 15 - - 25 - - -

Geoscientists and hydrologists, except geographers

 42 - - 11 - - 31 - - -

Physical scientists, all other

 332 1,738 31 138 1,500 87 193 1,933 114 77.6

Economists

 20 - - 8 - - 12 - - -

Survey researchers

 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Clinical and counseling psychologists

 4 - - 3 - - 1 - - -

School psychologists

 51 1,343 35 47 - - 5 - - -

Other psychologists

 56 1,493 241 43 - - 13 - - -

Sociologists

 4 - - 4 - - 0 - - -

Urban and regional planners

 21 - - 10 - - 11 - - -

Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers

 47 - - 24 - - 23 - - -

Agricultural and food science technicians

 37 - - 9 - - 28 - - -

Biological technicians

 14 - - 6 - - 9 - - -

Chemical technicians

 39 - - 19 - - 20 - - -

Environmental science and geoscience technicians

 12 - - 5 - - 7 - - -

Nuclear technicians

 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - -

Social science research assistants

 5 - - 3 - - 2 - - -

Other life, physical, and social science technicians

 213 1,093 54 98 1,059 39 114 1,142 54 92.7

Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians

 70 1,325 290 19 - - 51 1,388 127 -

Community and social service occupations

 2,276 1,065 17 1,489 1,016 17 788 1,164 18 87.3

Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors

 110 969 44 69 911 47 41 - - -

Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors

 296 1,091 50 228 1,077 42 69 1,173 281 91.8

Marriage and family therapists

 26 - - 22 - - 4 - - -

Mental health counselors

 139 1,140 26 101 1,133 26 38 - - -

Rehabilitation counselors

 9 - - 7 - - 2 - - -

Counselors, all other

 181 953 53 107 860 21 75 1,083 83 79.4

Child, family, and school social workers

 58 1,012 38 46 - - 11 - - -

Healthcare social workers

 71 924 220 54 894 57 17 - - -

Mental health and substance abuse social workers

 7 - - 7 - - 0 - - -

Social workers, all other

 601 1,073 28 508 1,049 23 93 1,232 49 85.1

Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists

 87 1,247 31 45 - - 42 - - -

Social and human service assistants

 160 914 44 126 886 39 34 - - -

Other community and social service specialists

 88 1,111 67 69 1,050 106 19 - - -

Clergy

 339 1,135 23 43 - - 296 1,152 24 -

Directors, religious activities and education

 45 - - 19 - - 26 - - -

Religious workers, all other

 60 937 28 39 - - 20 - - -

Legal occupations

 1,401 1,586 50 807 1,332 37 594 2,233 191 59.7

Lawyers

 793 2,252 159 331 1,912 28 462 2,495 27 76.6

Judicial law clerks

 18 - - 14 - - 4 - - -

Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers

 68 1,652 497 40 - - 28 - - -

Paralegals and legal assistants

 361 1,080 29 310 1,065 34 51 1,229 43 86.7

Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers

 89 1,120 117 64 999 157 25 - - -

Legal support workers, all other

 72 1,238 35 49 - - 23 - - -

Education, training, and library occupations

 7,124 1,138 6 5,248 1,071 10 1,877 1,332 23 80.4

Postsecondary teachers

 920 1,550 25 460 1,483 28 460 1,653 39 89.7

Preschool and kindergarten teachers

 471 780 34 455 771 25 16 - - -

Elementary and middle school teachers

 3,000 1,163 8 2,375 1,138 10 625 1,301 58 87.5

Secondary school teachers

 860 1,216 30 495 1,159 17 365 1,269 25 91.3

Special education teachers

 338 1,126 27 275 1,097 39 64 1,198 49 91.6

Tutors

 12 - - 9 - - 3 - - -

Other teachers and instructors

 389 1,118 53 224 1,002 44 165 1,260 109 79.5

Archivists, curators, and museum technicians

 42 - - 29 - - 13 - - -

Librarians and media collections specialists

 144 1,131 37 115 1,142 31 29 - - -

Library technicians

 20 - - 18 - - 1 - - -

Teaching assistants

 803 641 15 687 641 16 116 639 39 100.3

Other educational instruction and library workers

 127 1,271 141 107 1,274 144 20 - - -

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations

 1,707 1,229 24 781 1,145 20 925 1,317 40 86.9

Artists and related workers

 87 1,355 153 41 - - 46 - - -

Commercial and industrial designers

 10 - - 3 - - 7 - - -

Fashion designers

 22 - - 17 - - 6 - - -

Floral designers

 35 - - 24 - - 11 - - -

Graphic designers

 180 1,163 40 91 1,225 117 89 1,151 35 106.4

Interior designers

 45 - - 40 - - 5 - - -

Merchandise displayers and window trimmers

 17 - - 10 - - 7 - - -

Other designers

 284 1,402 58 99 1,271 219 185 1,429 40 88.9

Actors

 11 - - 6 - - 5 - - -

Producers and directors

 139 1,369 41 61 1,347 25 78 1,522 67 88.5

Athletes and sports competitors

 21 - - 2 - - 20 - - -

Coaches and scouts

 110 913 29 29 - - 81 1,136 43 -

Umpires, referees, and other sports officials

 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - -

Dancers and choreographers

 3 - - 3 - - 0 - - -

Music directors and composers

 15 - - 3 - - 12 - - -

Musicians and singers

 13 - - 2 - - 11 - - -

Disc jockeys, except radio

 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - -

Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other

 9 - - 1 - - 8 - - -

Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys

 12 - - 4 - - 7 - - -

News analysts, reporters, and journalists

 55 1,036 42 33 - - 22 - - -

Public relations specialists

 113 1,641 105 69 1,615 69 44 - - -

Editors

 63 1,350 55 35 - - 28 - - -

Technical writers

 62 1,540 27 31 - - 31 - - -

Writers and authors

 131 1,239 49 82 1,155 32 49 - - -

Interpreters and translators

 52 993 51 39 - - 13 - - -

Court reporters and simultaneous captioners

 12 - - 9 - - 3 - - -

Media and communication workers, all other

 23 - - 12 - - 12 - - -

Broadcast, sound, and lighting technicians

 54 1,370 190 5 - - 50 1,537 40 -

Photographers

 59 858 66 14 - - 45 - - -

Television, video, and film camera operators and editors

 63 1,051 36 17 - - 46 - - -

Media and communication equipment workers, all other

 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations

 7,485 1,273 11 5,503 1,218 11 1,983 1,516 22 80.3

Chiropractors

 21 - - 7 - - 14 - - -

Dentists

 76 2,492 60 34 - - 42 - - -

Dietitians and nutritionists

 88 1,184 161 78 1,179 144 10 - - -

Optometrists

 21 - - 11 - - 9 - - -

Pharmacists

 245 2,019 116 133 2,087 192 112 2,010 38 103.8

Emergency medicine physicians

 21 - - 4 - - 17 - - -

Radiologists

 21 - - 2 - - 18 - - -

Other physicians

 714 2,418 183 304 2,283 138 410 2,647 169 86.2

Surgeons

 45 - - 12 - - 33 - - -

Physician assistants

 126 1,884 47 79 1,855 50 47 - - -

Podiatrists

 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Audiologists

 17 - - 11 - - 5 - - -

Occupational therapists

 107 1,467 28 84 1,470 24 23 - - -

Physical therapists

 203 1,527 29 129 1,478 71 74 1,551 30 95.3

Radiation therapists

 14 - - 9 - - 5 - - -

Recreational therapists

 11 - - 9 - - 2 - - -

Respiratory therapists

 104 1,262 21 71 1,242 25 33 - - -

Speech-language pathologists

 132 1,233 78 126 1,229 85 5 - - -

Exercise physiologists

 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Therapists, all other

 137 1,147 36 113 1,132 52 24 - - -

Veterinarians

 67 1,797 60 48 - - 18 - - -

Registered nurses

 2,615 1,305 17 2,240 1,274 13 375 1,437 48 88.7

Nurse anesthetists

 25 - - 14 - - 11 - - -

Nurse midwives

 6 - - 6 - - 0 - - -

Nurse practitioners

 188 1,955 95 160 1,903 28 28 - - -

Acupuncturists

 3 - - 3 - - 0 - - -

Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other

 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians

 322 992 24 210 1,001 21 112 964 26 103.8

Dental hygienists

 97 1,269 62 90 1,264 60 7 - - -

Cardiovascular technologists and technicians

 46 - - 29 - - 16 - - -

Diagnostic medical sonographers

 61 1,462 153 46 - - 15 - - -

Radiologic technologists and technicians

 201 1,167 26 137 1,140 26 64 1,280 82 89.1

Magnetic resonance imaging technologists

 27 - - 14 - - 13 - - -

Nuclear medicine technologists and medical dosimetrists

 31 - - 20 - - 11 - - -

Emergency medical technicians

 110 883 25 31 - - 79 910 30 -

Paramedics

 97 1,288 151 30 - - 67 1,352 34 -

Pharmacy technicians

 268 800 25 207 796 24 61 822 83 96.8

Psychiatric technicians

 54 749 21 41 - - 12 - - -

Surgical technologists

 109 1,036 46 78 1,006 55 31 - - -

Veterinary technologists and technicians

 106 779 36 97 765 26 9 - - -

Dietetic technicians and ophthalmic medical technicians

 37 - - 31 - - 7 - - -

Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses

 444 921 20 399 918 18 45 - - -

Medical records specialists

 181 894 26 165 889 28 16 - - -

Opticians, dispensing

 42 - - 30 - - 12 - - -

Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians

 150 891 31 97 835 45 54 1,003 126 83.3

Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations

 91 1,362 79 61 1,327 94 31 - - -

Service occupations

 14,630 644 3 7,630 598 2 7,000 723 5 82.7

Healthcare support occupations

 3,269 637 5 2,742 624 4 527 723 15 86.3

Home health aides

 314 587 10 264 581 10 49 - - -

Personal care aides

 848 611 7 656 598 9 192 666 27 89.8

Nursing assistants

 916 626 9 805 615 7 110 740 24 83.1

Orderlies and psychiatric aides

 43 - - 25 - - 18 - - -

Occupational therapy assistants and aides

 29 - - 24 - - 5 - - -

Physical therapist assistants and aides

 37 - - 28 - - 9 - - -

Massage therapists

 42 - - 35 - - 7 - - -

Dental assistants

 219 665 14 200 653 15 19 - - -

Medical assistants

 482 676 10 430 668 10 51 980 40 68.2

Medical transcriptionists

 26 - - 19 - - 8 - - -

Pharmacy aides

 28 - - 19 - - 9 - - -

Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers

 47 - - 40 - - 7 - - -

Phlebotomists

 109 681 30 99 666 14 10 - - -

Other healthcare support workers

 128 768 31 96 656 27 32 - - -

Protective service occupations

 2,608 998 14 577 814 28 2,031 1,067 22 76.3

First-line supervisors of correctional officers

 36 - - 11 - - 25 - - -

First-line supervisors of police and detectives

 89 1,360 117 15 - - 74 1,413 76 -

First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers

 46 - - 4 - - 43 - - -

First-line supervisors of security workers

 66 1,147 47 14 - - 52 1,146 41 -

First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other

 7 - - 5 - - 2 - - -

Firefighters

 278 1,291 45 17 - - 261 1,320 52 -

Fire inspectors

 24 - - 3 - - 21 - - -

Bailiffs

 20 - - 10 - - 10 - - -

Correctional officers and jailers

 275 920 25 76 807 38 199 983 28 82.1

Detectives and criminal investigators

 120 1,294 81 34 - - 86 1,319 90 -

Fish and game wardens

 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Parking enforcement workers

 12 - - 2 - - 9 - - -

Police officers

 751 1,232 34 113 1,197 40 638 1,242 34 96.4

Animal control workers

 7 - - 4 - - 3 - - -

Private detectives and investigators

 70 1,018 44 35 - - 35 - - -

Security guards and gambling surveillance officers

 675 689 13 172 641 28 502 704 15 91.1

Crossing guards and flaggers

 22 - - 6 - - 17 - - -

Transportation security screeners

 42 - - 21 - - 21 - - -

School bus monitors

 14 - - 13 - - 1 - - -

Other protective service workers

 48 - - 22 - - 26 - - -

Food preparation and serving related occupations

 3,863 573 5 1,901 534 8 1,962 598 5 89.3

Chefs and head cooks

 319 750 18 63 655 45 256 777 26 84.3

First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers

 349 621 13 223 596 15 126 706 50 84.4

Cooks

 1,187 549 8 436 512 10 751 572 9 89.5

Food preparation workers

 439 547 13 254 531 15 184 571 23 93.0

Bartenders

 217 668 37 111 627 39 106 709 38 88.4

Fast food and counter workers

 268 507 11 172 503 16 96 511 14 98.4

Waiters and waitresses

 674 576 17 416 524 18 258 605 13 86.6

Food servers, nonrestaurant

 102 544 33 79 529 40 23 - - -

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers

 102 509 21 50 477 33 52 583 45 81.8

Dishwashers

 128 512 11 36 - - 92 511 12 -

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop

 77 498 16 60 500 15 17 - - -

Food preparation and serving related workers, all other

 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations

 3,347 623 5 1,253 555 8 2,094 685 7 81.0

First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers

 176 829 38 60 728 30 116 881 29 82.6

First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers

 76 900 27 11 - - 65 907 39 -

Janitors and building cleaners

 1,437 630 8 494 561 13 943 675 9 83.1

Maids and housekeeping cleaners

 744 546 11 637 529 10 107 622 21 85.0

Pest control workers

 108 868 55 6 - - 102 876 47 -

Landscaping and groundskeeping workers

 738 622 9 45 - - 693 629 15 -

Tree trimmers and pruners

 59 846 73 1 - - 59 851 73 -

Other grounds maintenance workers

 9 - - 0 - - 9 - - -

Personal care and service occupations

 1,543 618 6 1,157 603 6 387 699 26 86.3

Supervisors of personal care and service workers

 92 784 31 59 743 33 33 - - -

Animal trainers

 27 - - 15 - - 11 - - -

Animal caretakers

 133 595 22 104 600 27 29 - - -

Gambling services workers

 54 852 57 28 - - 26 - - -

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers

 9 - - 4 - - 5 - - -

Other entertainment attendants and related workers

 68 615 23 28 - - 41 - - -

Embalmers, crematory operators, and funeral attendants

 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - -

Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers

 18 - - 6 - - 13 - - -

Barbers

 36 - - 8 - - 28 - - -

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists

 252 604 16 228 595 15 24 - - -

Manicurists and pedicurists

 153 655 33 128 624 28 26 - - -

Skincare specialists

 27 - - 26 - - 1 - - -

Other personal appearance workers

 2 - - 2 - - 0 - - -

Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges

 62 612 23 17 - - 45 - - -

Tour and travel guides

 10 - - 1 - - 9 - - -

Childcare workers

 402 569 14 374 571 13 28 - - -

Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors

 54 729 88 31 - - 24 - - -

Recreation workers

 88 652 24 61 653 20 27 - - -

Residential advisors

 22 - - 16 - - 6 - - -

Personal care and service workers, all other

 31 - - 22 - - 8 - - -

Sales and office occupations

 21,748 826 4 13,071 766 3 8,677 970 7 79.0

Sales and related occupations

 9,281 887 10 4,191 720 9 5,090 1,049 13 68.6

First-line supervisors of retail sales workers

 2,165 875 15 990 733 14 1,175 992 27 73.9

First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers

 833 1,191 52 292 1,130 35 540 1,257 36 89.9

Cashiers

 1,235 515 5 888 513 5 346 520 11 98.7

Counter and rental clerks

 56 781 41 19 - - 37 - - -

Parts salespersons

 103 778 43 19 - - 84 776 65 -

Retail salespersons

 1,665 745 12 666 635 18 999 855 23 74.3

Advertising sales agents

 93 1,174 172 50 1,136 27 44 - - -

Insurance sales agents

 462 1,008 61 249 839 43 213 1,253 38 67.0

Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents

 206 1,630 112 69 1,054 64 137 1,891 62 55.7

Travel agents

 33 - - 23 - - 10 - - -

Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, and travel

 523 1,169 24 155 1,122 43 368 1,237 53 90.7

Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing

 1,014 1,263 26 301 1,157 46 712 1,356 25 85.3

Models, demonstrators, and product promoters

 4 - - 3 - - 1 - - -

Real estate brokers and sales agents

 524 1,141 18 302 1,037 77 222 1,324 104 78.3

Sales engineers

 29 - - 0 - - 29 - - -

Telemarketers

 22 - - 13 - - 9 - - -

Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers

 17 - - 10 - - 7 - - -

Sales and related workers, all other

 298 943 36 140 843 47 157 1,017 66 82.9

Office and administrative support occupations

 12,467 806 4 8,880 779 4 3,587 899 9 86.7

First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers

 1,098 964 15 757 913 20 341 1,184 50 77.1

Switchboard operators, including answering service

 8 - - 6 - - 2 - - -

Telephone operators

 17 - - 11 - - 5 - - -

Communications equipment operators, all other

 3 - - 2 - - 1 - - -

Bill and account collectors

 81 726 28 59 742 29 22 - - -

Billing and posting clerks

 398 772 20 346 774 22 53 767 40 100.9

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks

 741 825 15 604 802 14 137 1,009 44 79.5

Gambling cage workers

 15 - - 12 - - 3 - - -

Payroll and timekeeping clerks

 144 921 43 125 913 27 19 - - -

Procurement clerks

 35 - - 17 - - 18 - - -

Tellers

 173 695 17 132 691 16 40 - - -

Financial clerks, all other

 95 909 43 59 833 37 36 - - -

Brokerage clerks

 9 - - 5 - - 4 - - -

Correspondence clerks

 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Court, municipal, and license clerks

 69 811 37 53 778 34 16 - - -

Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks

 40 - - 26 - - 14 - - -

Customer service representatives

 1,863 780 10 1,219 737 12 645 867 30 85.0

Eligibility interviewers, government programs

 67 840 117 56 790 50 11 - - -

File clerks

 126 775 25 98 791 27 29 - - -

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks

 74 652 18 54 653 26 20 - - -

Interviewers, except eligibility and loan

 172 772 31 130 775 35 43 - - -

Library assistants, clerical

 29 - - 26 - - 3 - - -

Loan interviewers and clerks

 126 899 51 91 886 44 34 - - -

New accounts clerks

 9 - - 5 - - 4 - - -

Order clerks

 89 714 50 52 712 38 37 - - -

Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping

 37 - - 30 - - 7 - - -

Receptionists and information clerks

 871 685 9 774 674 9 97 796 89 84.7

Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks

 74 786 25 39 - - 34 - - -

Information and record clerks, all other

 98 774 32 79 751 24 19 - - -

Cargo and freight agents

 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Couriers and messengers

 492 802 22 90 680 49 402 846 26 80.4

Public safety telecommunicators

 82 911 31 58 908 45 24 - - -

Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance

 163 812 31 71 765 28 92 842 65 90.9

Meter readers, utilities

 30 - - 2 - - 28 - - -

Postal service clerks

 96 1,047 54 66 1,006 57 31 - - -

Postal service mail carriers

 259 992 23 104 978 27 155 1,008 39 97.0

Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators

 76 879 55 37 - - 39 - - -

Production, planning, and expediting clerks

 184 1,115 58 91 1,018 34 93 1,174 53 86.7

Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks

 537 725 12 191 696 14 346 748 15 93.0

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping

 42 - - 12 - - 29 - - -

Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants

 211 1,027 43 201 1,015 31 10 - - -

Legal secretaries and administrative assistants

 46 - - 44 - - 2 - - -

Medical secretaries and administrative assistants

 53 756 58 48 - - 5 - - -

Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive

 1,532 819 10 1,405 807 10 127 1,006 38 80.2

Data entry keyers

 195 718 15 148 712 14 47 - - -

Word processors and typists

 23 - - 21 - - 2 - - -

Desktop publishers

 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Insurance claims and policy processing clerks

 262 763 18 202 766 21 60 754 32 101.6

Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service

 40 - - 16 - - 24 - - -

Office clerks, general

 927 744 11 770 726 11 157 823 41 88.2

Office machine operators, except computer

 22 - - 20 - - 2 - - -

Proofreaders and copy markers

 4 - - 3 - - 1 - - -

Statistical assistants

 42 - - 16 - - 26 - - -

Office and administrative support workers, all other

 582 890 20 395 874 19 187 949 41 92.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

 11,182 919 5 547 696 13 10,635 930 6 74.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 800 623 8 149 585 15 651 637 15 91.8

First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers

 35 - - 2 - - 32 - - -

Agricultural inspectors

 11 - - 3 - - 8 - - -

Animal breeders

 6 - - 4 - - 3 - - -

Graders and sorters, agricultural products

 41 - - 26 - - 16 - - -

Miscellaneous agricultural workers

 641 613 7 110 590 19 531 617 7 95.6

Fishing and hunting workers

 16 - - 1 - - 15 - - -

Forest and conservation workers

 12 - - 2 - - 9 - - -

Logging workers

 38 - - 1 - - 37 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations

 6,171 904 6 207 720 25 5,965 908 6 79.3

First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers

 545 1,208 30 24 - - 522 1,213 29 -

Boilermakers

 23 - - 0 - - 23 - - -

Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons

 77 867 73 3 - - 74 868 72 -

Carpenters

 830 850 31 29 - - 801 864 31 -

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers

 104 778 32 10 - - 93 783 35 -

Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers

 63 917 32 0 - - 63 917 32 -

Construction laborers

 1,503 766 11 45 - - 1,457 771 12 -

Construction equipment operators

 334 992 27 8 - - 326 990 28 -

Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers

 133 704 18 4 - - 128 709 19 -

Electricians

 737 1,060 52 17 - - 720 1,064 51 -

Glaziers

 45 - - 3 - - 42 - - -

Insulation workers

 30 - - 1 - - 29 - - -

Painters and paperhangers

 360 741 27 20 - - 340 759 26 -

Pipelayers

 36 - - 2 - - 34 - - -

Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters

 506 992 20 10 - - 496 986 22 -

Plasterers and stucco masons

 15 - - 0 - - 15 - - -

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers

 9 - - 0 - - 9 - - -

Roofers

 151 685 38 2 - - 148 681 37 -

Sheet metal workers

 115 979 36 4 - - 111 988 31 -

Structural iron and steel workers

 35 - - 2 - - 33 - - -

Solar photovoltaic installers

 20 - - 0 - - 20 - - -

Helpers, construction trades

 63 691 26 3 - - 60 701 25 -

Construction and building inspectors

 65 988 43 7 - - 58 1,013 41 -

Elevator and escalator installers and repairers

 37 - - 4 - - 33 - - -

Fence erectors

 25 - - 0 - - 25 - - -

Hazardous materials removal workers

 25 - - 3 - - 22 - - -

Highway maintenance workers

 90 880 33 2 - - 87 866 83 -

Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators

 11 - - 0 - - 11 - - -

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners

 9 - - 0 - - 9 - - -

Miscellaneous construction and related workers

 19 - - 0 - - 19 - - -

Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas

 20 - - 0 - - 20 - - -

Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining

 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - -

Earth drillers, except oil and gas

 30 - - 0 - - 30 - - -

Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters

 11 - - 2 - - 10 - - -

Underground mining machine operators

 35 - - 1 - - 34 - - -

Roustabouts, oil and gas

 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Other extraction workers

 55 1,160 42 0 - - 55 1,159 42 -

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

 4,211 1,017 8 192 836 54 4,019 1,023 9 81.7

First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers

 217 1,304 83 18 - - 199 1,335 32 -

Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers

 148 1,017 79 23 - - 126 1,058 68 -

Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers

 127 1,225 80 7 - - 121 1,269 193 -

Avionics technicians

 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers

 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - -

Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment

 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility

 16 - - 4 - - 12 - - -

Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles

 8 - - 1 - - 7 - - -

Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers

 13 - - 0 - - 13 - - -

Security and fire alarm systems installers

 63 1,008 73 3 - - 60 999 71 -

Aircraft mechanics and service technicians

 152 1,282 35 6 - - 146 1,297 34 -

Automotive body and related repairers

 113 990 27 5 - - 109 995 26 -

Automotive glass installers and repairers

 24 - - 1 - - 23 - - -

Automotive service technicians and mechanics

 651 906 15 15 - - 636 909 15 -

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists

 318 996 24 5 - - 312 993 24 -

Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics

 237 1,122 42 3 - - 234 1,120 35 -

Small engine mechanics

 36 - - 2 - - 34 - - -

Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers

 75 781 49 2 - - 73 786 47 -

Control and valve installers and repairers

 15 - - 0 - - 15 - - -

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers

 370 1,009 15 3 - - 367 1,009 15 -

Home appliance repairers

 30 - - 3 - - 27 - - -

Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics

 426 1,050 27 27 - - 399 1,056 28 -

Maintenance and repair workers, general

 556 958 35 29 - - 527 978 34 -

Maintenance workers, machinery

 23 - - 0 - - 23 - - -

Millwrights

 47 - - 4 - - 43 - - -

Electrical power-line installers and repairers

 123 1,219 108 0 - - 122 1,217 110 -

Telecommunications line installers and repairers

 128 1,078 49 8 - - 120 1,090 35 -

Precision instrument and equipment repairers

 54 1,150 42 7 - - 47 - - -

Wind turbine service technicians

 12 - - 0 - - 12 - - -

Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers

 22 - - 4 - - 19 - - -

Commercial divers

 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Locksmiths and safe repairers

 19 - - 2 - - 17 - - -

Manufactured building and mobile home installers

 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Riggers

 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers

 18 - - 2 - - 16 - - -

Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers

 140 830 30 12 - - 129 845 33 -

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

 15,590 774 4 3,535 638 5 12,056 825 5 77.3

Production occupations

 7,107 809 6 1,856 653 7 5,251 884 6 73.9

First-line supervisors of production and operating workers

 738 1,080 28 137 796 61 601 1,138 27 69.9

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers

 8 - - 2 - - 6 - - -

Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers

 111 745 23 40 - - 71 767 26 -

Engine and other machine assemblers

 6 - - 1 - - 5 - - -

Structural metal fabricators and fitters

 14 - - 2 - - 12 - - -

Other assemblers and fabricators

 894 710 8 315 664 13 579 751 19 88.4

Bakers

 143 614 18 86 599 18 57 664 48 90.2

Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers

 236 718 16 47 - - 189 742 30 -

Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders

 10 - - 2 - - 8 - - -

Food batchmakers

 67 669 23 22 - - 45 - - -

Food cooking machine operators and tenders

 7 - - 2 - - 6 - - -

Food processing workers, all other

 136 734 54 52 648 25 84 818 39 79.2

Computer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers

 83 1,036 75 5 - - 79 1,036 80 -

Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

 23 - - 2 - - 21 - - -

Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

 63 746 44 19 - - 44 - - -

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

 26 - - 4 - - 22 - - -

Other machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Machinists

 295 914 18 10 - - 284 916 18 -

Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters

 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - -

Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic

 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - -

Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

 34 - - 7 - - 28 - - -

Tool and die makers

 44 - - 1 - - 43 - - -

Welding, soldering, and brazing workers

 506 904 16 24 - - 482 907 15 -

Other metal workers and plastic workers

 340 769 19 64 731 32 276 783 29 93.4

Prepress technicians and workers

 13 - - 3 - - 10 - - -

Printing press operators

 130 839 53 19 - - 111 869 46 -

Print binding and finishing workers

 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers

 88 511 14 59 492 11 29 - - -

Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials

 13 - - 4 - - 9 - - -

Sewing machine operators

 94 572 17 67 560 13 27 - - -

Shoe and leather workers

 11 - - 3 - - 7 - - -

Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers

 25 - - 20 - - 4 - - -

Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders

 6 - - 2 - - 4 - - -

Upholsterers

 17 - - 6 - - 11 - - -

Other textile, apparel, and furnishings workers

 9 - - 6 - - 3 - - -

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters

 57 788 28 3 - - 53 782 33 -

Furniture finishers

 6 - - 2 - - 4 - - -

Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood

 18 - - 2 - - 16 - - -

Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing

 15 - - 2 - - 12 - - -

Other woodworkers

 12 - - 1 - - 10 - - -

Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers

 34 - - 0 - - 34 - - -

Stationary engineers and boiler operators

 64 1,184 100 7 - - 57 1,175 91 -

Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators

 94 960 25 8 - - 86 965 34 -

Miscellaneous plant and system operators

 32 - - 0 - - 32 - - -

Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders

 65 969 32 12 - - 53 979 45 -

Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers

 69 838 30 9 - - 59 856 29 -

Cutting workers

 51 775 101 8 - - 43 - - -

Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders

 24 - - 7 - - 17 - - -

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders

 10 - - 4 - - 5 - - -

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers

 750 883 16 283 733 29 466 1,005 31 72.9

Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers

 21 - - 7 - - 13 - - -

Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians

 50 692 38 28 - - 22 - - -

Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders

 251 671 28 118 605 18 133 755 33 80.1

Painting workers

 134 822 70 10 - - 124 893 82 -

Photographic process workers and processing machine operators

 21 - - 10 - - 12 - - -

Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders

 14 - - 3 - - 11 - - -

Etchers and engravers

 1 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic

 17 - - 3 - - 15 - - -

Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders

 8 - - 3 - - 5 - - -

Tire builders

 8 - - 0 - - 8 - - -

Helpers--production workers

 32 - - 10 - - 22 - - -

Other production equipment operators and tenders

 5 - - 1 - - 4 - - -

Other production workers

 1,022 761 11 280 630 17 742 809 16 77.9

Transportation and material moving occupations

 8,483 738 6 1,679 624 5 6,804 786 6 79.4

Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers

 310 996 48 68 779 50 241 1,077 49 72.3

Aircraft pilots and flight engineers

 115 1,913 38 2 - - 113 1,912 37 -

Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists

 28 - - 0 - - 28 - - -

Flight attendants

 77 859 71 47 - - 30 - - -

Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians

 6 - - 0 - - 5 - - -

Bus drivers, school

 125 710 36 69 695 159 57 712 28 97.6

Bus drivers, transit and intercity

 182 801 49 71 679 30 111 942 43 72.1

Driver/sales workers and truck drivers

 2,680 920 11 181 732 69 2,499 933 14 78.5

Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs

 29 - - 2 - - 27 - - -

Taxi drivers

 148 678 38 10 - - 138 690 63 -

Motor vehicle operators, all other

 94 723 38 15 - - 80 745 82 -

Locomotive engineers and operators

 41 - - 3 - - 38 - - -

Railroad conductors and yardmasters

 38 - - 1 - - 37 - - -

Other rail transportation workers

 13 - - 3 - - 10 - - -

Sailors and marine oilers

 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - -

Ship and boat captains and operators

 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - -

Ship engineers

 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - -

Parking attendants

 47 - - 7 - - 40 - - -

Transportation service attendants

 70 630 34 3 - - 67 629 34 -

Transportation inspectors

 34 - - 7 - - 27 - - -

Passenger attendants

 6 - - 1 - - 5 - - -

Other transportation workers

 28 - - 5 - - 23 - - -

Crane and tower operators

 53 1,047 103 0 - - 53 1,047 103 -

Conveyor, dredge, and hoist and winch operators

 28 - - 3 - - 25 - - -

Industrial truck and tractor operators

 581 743 14 55 713 71 526 746 14 95.6

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment

 215 590 13 42 - - 173 589 15 -

Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand

 1,649 689 5 355 624 11 1,294 703 6 88.8

Machine feeders and offbearers

 16 - - 7 - - 9 - - -

Packers and packagers, hand

 541 614 7 308 603 8 233 633 17 95.3

Stockers and order fillers

 1,151 612 5 400 603 6 752 620 7 97.3

Pumping station operators

 15 - - 0 - - 15 - - -

Refuse and recyclable material collectors

 63 728 59 3 - - 59 707 47 -

Other material moving workers

 62 777 83 8 - - 55 775 77 -

Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2021 annual averages
State Total Women Men Women's
earnings
as a
percentage
of men's
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median		 Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median		 Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median

United States

 114,316 $998 $2 51,388 $912 $3 62,928 $1,097 $5 83.1

Alabama

 1,693 901 13 772 788 20 921 1,011 22 77.9

Alaska

 249 1,104 22 112 967 27 137 1,223 30 79.1

Arizona

 2,595 977 14 1,115 860 15 1,479 1,068 28 80.5

Arkansas

 1,003 859 15 462 800 19 541 918 24 87.1

California

 12,875 1,111 12 5,559 1,020 15 7,316 1,157 10 88.2

Colorado

 2,086 1,142 17 888 1,035 31 1,198 1,212 30 85.4

Connecticut

 1,230 1,205 41 570 1,089 44 660 1,272 67 85.6

Delaware

 370 952 18 177 894 23 193 987 13 90.6

District of Columbia

 323 1,710 42 163 1,565 29 160 1,880 29 83.2

Florida

 7,536 896 8 3,465 818 10 4,071 956 12 85.6

Georgia

 3,779 926 15 1,770 855 17 2,009 992 20 86.2

Hawaii

 448 952 20 204 880 29 244 1,018 29 86.4

Idaho

 633 893 11 257 796 11 376 979 18 81.3

Illinois

 4,451 1,084 18 2,040 968 17 2,410 1,200 25 80.7

Indiana

 2,390 955 18 1,033 859 27 1,357 1,079 44 79.6

Iowa

 1,179 924 17 532 840 33 648 1,013 38 82.9

Kansas

 1,070 941 23 481 846 17 588 1,065 27 79.4

Kentucky

 1,463 878 17 656 820 20 808 928 25 88.4

Louisiana

 1,479 889 18 707 783 20 772 1,002 24 78.1

Maine

 450 975 21 202 903 26 247 1,070 32 84.4

Maryland

 2,297 1,204 34 1,087 1,134 27 1,210 1,328 45 85.4

Massachusetts

 2,626 1,279 29 1,204 1,157 16 1,421 1,386 28 83.5

Michigan

 3,292 1,042 19 1,497 910 15 1,795 1,195 25 76.2

Minnesota

 2,110 1,116 26 906 997 21 1,205 1,231 22 81.0

Mississippi

 949 785 15 464 722 17 486 864 32 83.6

Missouri

 2,199 933 15 1,034 845 22 1,165 1,013 21 83.4

Montana

 343 905 15 151 822 19 192 997 20 82.4

Nebraska

 738 957 16 333 871 19 405 1,049 22 83.0

Nevada

 1,034 882 14 462 828 16 571 937 21 88.4

New Hampshire

 530 1,107 21 237 963 20 293 1,262 38 76.3

New Jersey

 3,179 1,206 26 1,417 1,075 27 1,763 1,352 20 79.5

New Mexico

 642 899 19 289 801 30 353 990 27 80.9

New York

 6,504 1,093 17 3,000 979 15 3,504 1,174 18 83.4

North Carolina

 3,620 883 14 1,695 803 15 1,925 954 17 84.2

North Dakota

 290 953 16 127 848 22 163 1,067 23 79.5

Ohio

 4,036 966 10 1,813 872 15 2,223 1,070 24 81.5

Oklahoma

 1,324 838 19 582 738 16 741 952 25 77.5

Oregon

 1,445 1,051 17 624 967 26 821 1,128 31 85.7

Pennsylvania

 4,409 1,042 16 1,992 925 17 2,417 1,145 18 80.8

Rhode Island

 382 1,115 26 178 1,058 27 204 1,156 27 91.5

South Carolina

 1,797 875 18 837 756 19 960 964 19 78.4

South Dakota

 325 905 13 145 809 15 181 976 17 82.9

Tennessee

 2,405 885 12 1,105 781 24 1,300 976 28 80.0

Texas

 10,370 948 10 4,517 869 12 5,853 1,016 11 85.5

Utah

 1,115 940 16 442 825 18 674 1,106 29 74.6

Vermont

 213 1,009 14 101 945 30 112 1,086 36 87.0

Virginia

 3,184 1,106 25 1,528 994 27 1,656 1,237 23 80.4

Washington

 2,741 1,139 20 1,202 1,024 26 1,538 1,237 35 82.8

West Virginia

 582 867 17 265 756 13 317 989 18 76.4

Wisconsin

 2,140 1,004 16 904 950 13 1,236 1,063 28 89.4

Wyoming

 193 969 24 85 822 24 108 1,093 26 75.2

Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2021 annual averages
Characteristic Total Women Men Women's
earnings
as a
percentage
of men's
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median		 Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median		 Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median

Age

Total, 16 years and older

 21,877 $317 $1 14,182 $320 $2 7,695 $311 $2 102.9

16 to 24 years

 7,665 255 2 4,346 251 3 3,320 260 4 96.5

16 to 19 years

 3,560 213 3 1,967 213 4 1,593 214 4 99.5

20 to 24 years

 4,105 292 3 2,378 285 3 1,727 302 4 94.4

25 years and older

 14,212 375 3 9,836 373 3 4,375 378 5 98.7

25 to 34 years

 3,622 369 5 2,381 371 6 1,241 364 10 101.9

35 to 44 years

 2,773 394 5 2,062 392 6 711 399 10 98.2

45 to 54 years

 2,489 401 6 1,939 395 6 550 425 14 92.9

55 to 64 years

 2,879 377 6 2,066 377 6 813 375 12 100.5

65 years and older

 2,449 316 5 1,388 300 7 1,060 347 13 86.5

Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity

White

 17,021 317 2 11,090 321 2 5,931 309 3 103.9

Black or African American

 2,572 302 4 1,646 307 5 926 295 6 104.1

Asian

 1,329 363 9 846 354 11 483 378 9 93.7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 3,878 317 3 2,419 317 4 1,459 316 5 100.3

Marital Status

Never married

 11,081 281 2 6,276 279 2 4,805 283 3 98.6

Married, spouse present(1)

 7,995 397 3 5,809 394 4 2,186 406 7 97.0

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)

 2,800 334 5 2,097 331 6 704 343 12 96.5

Widowed

 586 296 8 478 298 9 108 290 17 102.8

Divorced

 1,603 352 7 1,177 346 8 426 367 12 94.3

Separated(2)

 612 331 10 442 336 9 170 314 14 107.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages.
(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2021 annual averages
Hours of work Total Women Men Women's
earnings
as a
percentage
of men's
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median		 Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median		 Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
weekly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median

Total, 16 years and older

 136,393 $886 $2 65,654 $771 $3 70,739 $997 $3 77.3

0 to 34 hours

 20,238 320 2 13,151 324 2 7,087 313 3 103.5

0 to 4 hours

 488 74 4 303 70 3 185 97 19 72.2

5 to 9 hours

 1,076 109 2 711 108 2 364 110 4 98.2

10 to 14 hours

 1,720 156 2 1,106 158 3 614 154 4 102.6

15 to 19 hours

 2,418 224 2 1,549 229 3 869 215 4 106.5

20 to 24 hours

 6,035 302 2 3,918 307 2 2,117 295 3 104.1

25 to 29 hours

 3,021 373 3 2,003 374 4 1,018 372 6 100.5

30 to 34 hours

 5,481 467 4 3,561 472 4 1,920 458 6 103.1

35 hours and over

 109,693 1,004 2 49,441 918 3 60,252 1,106 5 83.0

35 to 39 hours

 7,359 650 6 4,811 666 6 2,547 616 6 108.1

40 hours

 82,240 945 3 37,942 885 3 44,298 1,006 4 88.0

41 hours and over

 20,095 1,470 8 6,688 1,376 12 13,407 1,525 9 90.2

41 to 44 hours

 990 1,036 23 429 960 31 560 1,090 22 88.1

45 to 48 hours

 5,614 1,313 17 2,035 1,273 25 3,579 1,330 17 95.7

49 to 59 hours

 9,267 1,545 9 2,988 1,461 20 6,279 1,572 15 92.9

60 hours and over

 4,224 1,704 32 1,235 1,503 35 2,989 1,773 28 84.8

Hours vary

 6,462 611 8 3,061 494 8 3,400 763 18 64.7

Usually less than 35 hours

 1,639 276 6 1,030 273 8 608 281 9 97.2

Usually 35 or more hours

 4,623 818 16 1,947 680 17 2,676 939 17 72.4

Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2021 annual averages [In thousands]
Characteristic Total
employed		 Number of workers by usual weekly earnings
Under
$350.00		 $350.00
to
$499.99		 $500.00
to
$599.99		 $600.00
to
$749.99		 $750.00
to
$999.99		 $1,000.00
to
$1,199.99		 $1,200.00
to
$1,999.99		 $2,000.00
or
more

Age

Total, 16 years and older

 114,316 2,910 7,717 8,265 16,238 20,868 12,913 27,624 17,782

16 to 24 years

 10,392 731 1,867 1,658 2,710 1,762 694 816 153

16 to 19 years

 1,569 215 455 273 348 166 45 52 15

20 to 24 years

 8,823 516 1,413 1,386 2,362 1,596 649 764 138

25 years and older

 103,924 2,179 5,850 6,607 13,529 19,106 12,219 26,808 17,628

25 to 34 years

 28,697 614 1,991 2,206 4,547 6,202 3,725 6,575 2,837

35 to 44 years

 26,449 483 1,315 1,526 3,213 4,609 3,001 7,177 5,124

45 to 54 years

 24,317 474 1,190 1,388 2,819 4,030 2,748 6,658 5,010

55 to 64 years

 19,292 377 967 1,105 2,266 3,413 2,159 5,205 3,800

65 years and older

 5,169 231 386 381 683 851 586 1,193 858

Women, 16 years and older

 51,388 1,570 4,282 4,505 8,137 9,938 5,886 11,186 5,885

16 to 24 years

 4,655 364 955 788 1,176 764 278 271 59

16 to 19 years

 645 103 219 121 122 42 22 10 7

20 to 24 years

 4,010 261 736 667 1,054 722 256 261 53

25 years and older

 46,733 1,206 3,327 3,717 6,961 9,173 5,608 10,915 5,825

25 to 34 years

 12,814 330 1,014 1,151 2,212 2,772 1,689 2,611 1,035

35 to 44 years

 11,678 267 752 845 1,615 2,271 1,358 2,904 1,668

45 to 54 years

 11,179 254 746 835 1,520 2,028 1,362 2,771 1,664

55 to 64 years

 8,838 230 591 670 1,300 1,689 973 2,158 1,228

65 years and older

 2,224 125 223 216 315 414 226 473 230

Men, 16 years and older

 62,928 1,340 3,435 3,760 8,101 10,930 7,027 16,438 11,897

16 to 24 years

 5,737 368 912 870 1,533 998 416 545 94

16 to 19 years

 924 113 235 152 226 124 24 42 9

20 to 24 years

 4,813 255 677 719 1,307 874 393 503 85

25 years and older

 57,191 973 2,523 2,889 6,568 9,932 6,611 15,893 11,803

25 to 34 years

 15,883 283 977 1,055 2,336 3,430 2,036 3,964 1,802

35 to 44 years

 14,771 216 563 681 1,599 2,338 1,644 4,274 3,456

45 to 54 years

 13,138 220 444 553 1,300 2,002 1,386 3,887 3,346

55 to 64 years

 10,453 147 376 435 966 1,724 1,185 3,048 2,572

65 years and older

 2,946 106 163 165 367 437 360 720 627

Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity

White

 87,738 2,074 5,495 5,884 12,127 16,151 10,085 22,002 13,919

Women

 38,356 1,122 3,033 3,166 5,984 7,570 4,448 8,604 4,429

Men

 49,382 952 2,463 2,718 6,143 8,581 5,638 13,399 9,489

Black or African American

 14,740 584 1,518 1,638 2,660 2,805 1,529 2,737 1,269

Women

 7,641 309 860 931 1,419 1,429 815 1,325 553

Men

 7,099 276 658 706 1,241 1,375 715 1,411 716

Asian

 7,780 132 354 389 796 1,081 783 2,127 2,118

Women

 3,520 75 206 227 413 550 386 937 727

Men

 4,259 57 149 161 383 531 397 1,190 1,391

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 20,841 754 2,260 2,253 4,292 4,048 2,081 3,549 1,603

Women

 8,372 387 1,094 1,107 1,801 1,520 734 1,207 523

Men

 12,469 367 1,167 1,147 2,491 2,528 1,347 2,342 1,080

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2021 annual averages
Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median

Women

Total, all marital statuses

 51,388 $912 $3

With children under 18 years old

 17,051 939 5

With children 6 to 17, none younger

 10,398 946 7

With children under 6 years old

 6,653 926 9

With no children under 18 years old

 34,338 899 4

Total, married, spouse present(1)

 25,173 1,010 5

With children under 18 years old

 11,416 1,049 8

With children 6 to 17, none younger

 6,789 1,038 11

With children under 6 years old

 4,628 1,063 12

With no children under 18 years old

 13,756 980 6

Total, other marital statuses(2)

 26,216 817 4

With children under 18 years old

 5,634 752 6

With children 6 to 17, none younger

 3,609 798 10

With children under 6 years old

 2,025 683 9

With no children under 18 years old

 20,581 840 5

Men

Total, all marital statuses

 62,928 1,097 5

With children under 18 years old

 20,955 1,240 7

With children 6 to 17, none younger

 11,505 1,289 13

With children under 6 years old

 9,450 1,173 11

With no children under 18 years old

 41,973 1,019 4

Total, married, spouse present(1)

 34,873 1,282 7

With children under 18 years old

 18,045 1,317 10

With children 6 to 17, none younger

 10,004 1,352 11

With children under 6 years old

 8,041 1,264 12

With no children under 18 years old

 16,828 1,259 7

Total, other marital statuses(2)

 28,055 898 4

With children under 18 years old

 2,910 905 11

With children 6 to 17, none younger

 1,501 995 15

With children under 6 years old

 1,409 817 13

With no children under 18 years old

 25,145 897 4

Footnotes
(1) Includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages.
(2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent.

Note: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2021 annual averages
Characteristic Total Women Men Women's
earnings
as a
percentage
of men's
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
hourly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median		 Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
hourly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median		 Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)		 Median
hourly
earnings		 Standard
error
of
median

Age

Total, 16 years and older

 76,125 $17.02 $0.02 38,036 $16.02 $0.03 38,089 $18.05 $0.03 88.8

16 to 24 years

 15,153 13.80 0.04 7,608 13.15 0.04 7,544 14.18 0.06 92.7

16 to 19 years

 4,776 12.06 0.04 2,467 11.90 0.05 2,309 12.25 0.11 97.1

20 to 24 years

 10,377 14.76 0.06 5,142 14.06 0.05 5,235 14.93 0.03 94.2

25 years and older

 60,973 18.22 0.04 30,428 17.16 0.04 30,545 19.84 0.02 86.5

25 to 34 years

 18,352 17.65 0.08 8,661 16.81 0.08 9,691 18.18 0.07 92.5

35 to 44 years

 14,137 18.97 0.08 6,885 17.81 0.10 7,251 20.07 0.05 88.7

45 to 54 years

 12,826 19.12 0.10 6,632 17.80 0.11 6,194 20.74 0.25 85.8

55 to 64 years

 11,524 19.21 0.16 6,047 17.42 0.19 5,477 21.00 0.16 83.0

65 years and older

 4,134 16.47 0.24 2,203 15.80 0.20 1,931 17.64 0.36 89.6

Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity

White

 58,021 17.22 0.05 28,366 16.11 0.03 29,656 18.48 0.09 87.2

Black or African American

 11,019 15.81 0.08 6,010 15.22 0.07 5,009 16.12 0.07 94.4

Asian

 3,809 17.89 0.10 2,044 16.84 0.22 1,766 19.05 0.26 88.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 16,998 16.05 0.04 7,534 15.15 0.03 9,464 17.03 0.07 89.0

Marital Status

Never married

 32,653 15.13 0.01 15,475 14.90 0.02 17,178 15.82 0.06 94.2

Married, spouse present(1)

 31,762 19.63 0.09 15,492 17.89 0.05 16,270 20.84 0.13 85.8

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)

 11,710 17.50 0.13 7,069 16.59 0.14 4,641 19.24 0.22 86.2

Widowed

 1,474 16.16 0.18 1,121 15.75 0.29 353 18.12 0.34 86.9

Divorced

 7,425 18.19 0.12 4,413 17.18 0.12 3,011 19.98 0.08 86.0

Separated(2)

 2,812 16.21 0.17 1,535 15.24 0.17 1,277 17.52 0.34 87.0

Union Affiliation(3)

Members of unions(4)

 7,901 22.75 0.22 3,118 20.55 0.31 4,783 24.19 0.32 85.0

Represented by unions(5)

 8,818 22.17 0.14 3,550 20.20 0.20 5,268 23.80 0.29 84.9

Not represented by a union

 67,307 16.53 0.05 34,486 15.76 0.05 32,821 17.47 0.08 90.2

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older

 60,973 18.22 0.04 30,428 17.16 0.04 30,545 19.84 0.02 86.5

Less than a high school diploma

 5,630 15.03 0.03 2,183 13.79 0.08 3,447 16.07 0.08 85.8

High school graduates, no college

 20,572 17.22 0.06 8,790 15.41 0.10 11,782 19.12 0.09 80.6

Some college or associate degree

 19,476 18.44 0.11 10,370 17.18 0.06 9,107 20.10 0.05 85.5

Bachelor's degree and higher

 15,295 22.87 0.18 9,086 22.19 0.19 6,209 23.83 0.32 93.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages.
(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.
(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.
(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2021 annual averages [In thousands]
Characteristic Total
employed		 Number of workers by hourly earnings
Under
$6.00		 $6.00
to
$7.99		 $8.00
to
$9.99		 $10.00
to
$11.99		 $12.00
to
$14.99		 $15.00
to
$19.99		 $20.00
or
more

Age

Total, 16 years and older

 76,125 711 597 2,639 6,464 13,315 23,953 28,446

16 to 24 years

 15,153 292 318 1,219 2,605 4,346 4,919 1,454

16 to 19 years

 4,776 83 177 677 1,158 1,482 1,046 152

20 to 24 years

 10,377 209 141 542 1,447 2,863 3,873 1,302

25 years and older

 60,973 420 279 1,420 3,859 8,969 19,034 26,992

25 to 34 years

 18,352 196 108 436 1,264 2,944 6,329 7,075

35 to 44 years

 14,137 86 46 283 808 1,833 4,440 6,641

45 to 54 years

 12,826 72 37 241 686 1,778 3,857 6,156

55 to 64 years

 11,524 50 55 243 680 1,655 3,263 5,578

65 years and older

 4,134 15 34 217 421 760 1,145 1,542

Women, 16 years and older

 38,036 494 327 1,584 3,795 7,626 12,138 12,071

16 to 24 years

 7,608 214 193 674 1,439 2,276 2,228 584

16 to 19 years

 2,467 55 109 371 634 791 454 52

20 to 24 years

 5,142 159 83 304 805 1,484 1,774 532

25 years and older

 30,428 280 134 910 2,356 5,350 9,910 11,487

25 to 34 years

 8,661 140 39 247 685 1,542 3,096 2,912

35 to 44 years

 6,885 58 24 197 509 1,096 2,241 2,760

45 to 54 years

 6,632 50 16 173 461 1,158 2,101 2,673

55 to 64 years

 6,047 25 36 156 441 1,099 1,875 2,414

65 years and older

 2,203 6 19 137 260 455 597 728

Men, 16 years and older

 38,089 217 270 1,055 2,669 5,688 11,815 16,375

16 to 24 years

 7,544 78 125 545 1,166 2,070 2,691 870

16 to 19 years

 2,309 28 68 306 524 691 592 100

20 to 24 years

 5,235 50 57 239 642 1,379 2,099 770

25 years and older

 30,545 139 145 510 1,503 3,619 9,124 15,505

25 to 34 years

 9,691 56 69 189 579 1,401 3,233 4,163

35 to 44 years

 7,251 28 22 86 299 737 2,199 3,881

45 to 54 years

 6,194 22 21 68 225 620 1,756 3,483

55 to 64 years

 5,477 24 18 87 239 556 1,389 3,164

65 years and older

 1,931 9 15 80 162 305 548 814

Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity

White

 58,021 545 443 1,829 4,772 9,888 17,915 22,629

Women

 28,366 385 252 1,086 2,776 5,664 9,030 9,173

Men

 29,656 159 191 744 1,996 4,224 8,886 13,456

Black or African American

 11,019 88 106 595 1,184 2,245 3,790 3,011

Women

 6,010 54 54 362 707 1,286 1,955 1,592

Men

 5,009 34 52 233 477 960 1,835 1,419

Asian

 3,809 30 19 93 241 604 1,178 1,644

Women

 2,044 24 8 58 147 376 641 790

Men

 1,766 6 12 35 94 228 537 854

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 16,998 143 136 571 1,482 3,391 6,129 5,146

Women

 7,534 94 73 339 806 1,764 2,738 1,721

Men

 9,464 49 63 232 675 1,627 3,392 3,426

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic characteristics, 2021 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Workers paid hourly rates
Total Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage		 At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage		 Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number Percentage of
workers
paid hourly
rates

Age

Total, 16 years and older

 76,125 910 181 1,091 1.4

16 to 24 years

 15,153 373 111 484 3.2

16 to 19 years

 4,776 128 62 190 4.0

20 to 24 years

 10,377 244 50 294 2.8

25 years and older

 60,973 538 70 607 1.0

25 to 34 years

 18,352 250 18 268 1.5

35 to 44 years

 14,137 106 11 117 0.8

45 to 54 years

 12,826 88 9 97 0.8

55 to 64 years

 11,524 74 17 91 0.8

65 years and older

 4,134 20 14 34 0.8

Women, 16 years and older

 38,036 599 94 693 1.8

16 to 24 years

 7,608 264 61 325 4.3

16 to 19 years

 2,467 85 33 118 4.8

20 to 24 years

 5,142 179 28 207 4.0

25 years and older

 30,428 335 34 368 1.2

25 to 34 years

 8,661 164 4 169 1.9

35 to 44 years

 6,885 70 4 74 1.1

45 to 54 years

 6,632 54 5 59 0.9

55 to 64 years

 6,047 39 11 50 0.8

65 years and older

 2,203 8 9 17 0.8

Men, 16 years and older

 38,089 311 87 398 1.0

16 to 24 years

 7,544 108 51 159 2.1

16 to 19 years

 2,309 43 29 72 3.1

20 to 24 years

 5,235 66 22 87 1.7

25 years and older

 30,545 203 36 239 0.8

25 to 34 years

 9,691 86 14 100 1.0

35 to 44 years

 7,251 36 7 43 0.6

45 to 54 years

 6,194 34 4 38 0.6

55 to 64 years

 5,477 35 6 41 0.7

65 years and older

 1,931 12 5 18 0.9

Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity

White

 58,021 706 127 832 1.4

Women

 28,366 477 62 539 1.9

Men

 29,656 229 64 293 1.0

Black or African American

 11,019 112 34 146 1.3

Women

 6,010 63 21 84 1.4

Men

 5,009 49 13 62 1.2

Asian

 3,809 34 9 44 1.1

Women

 2,044 24 4 29 1.4

Men

 1,766 10 5 15 0.8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 16,998 194 33 226 1.3

Women

 7,534 125 11 137 1.8

Men

 9,464 69 21 90 0.9

Full- and Part-time Status(1)

Full-time workers

 58,259 473 47 520 0.9

Women

 26,432 297 20 318 1.2

Men

 31,827 175 27 202 0.6

Part-time workers

 17,757 433 134 567 3.2

Women

 11,552 300 74 374 3.2

Men

 6,205 133 60 193 3.1

Footnotes
(1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.

Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979–2021 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Year Total
wage
and
salary
workers		 Workers paid hourly rates
Total Percentage
of total
wage
and
salary
workers		 Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage(1)		 At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage(1)		 Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number Percentage of
workers
paid hourly
rates

Total

1979

 87,529 51,721 59.1 2,916 3,997 6,912 13.4

1980

 87,644 51,335 58.6 3,087 4,686 7,773 15.1

1981

 88,516 51,869 58.6 3,513 4,311 7,824 15.1

1982

 87,368 50,846 58.2 2,348 4,148 6,496 12.8

1983

 88,290 51,820 58.7 2,077 4,261 6,338 12.2

1984

 92,194 54,143 58.7 1,838 4,125 5,963 11.0

1985

 94,521 55,762 59.0 1,639 3,899 5,538 9.9

1986

 96,903 57,529 59.4 1,599 3,461 5,060 8.8

1987

 99,303 59,552 60.0 1,468 3,229 4,698 7.9

1988

 101,407 60,878 60.0 1,319 2,608 3,927 6.5

1989

 103,480 62,389 60.3 1,372 1,790 3,162 5.1

1990

 104,876 63,172 60.2 2,132 1,096 3,228 5.1

1991

 103,723 62,627 60.4 2,377 2,906 5,283 8.4

1992

 104,668 63,610 60.8 1,939 2,982 4,921 7.7

1993

 106,101 64,274 60.6 1,707 2,625 4,332 6.7

1994

 107,989 66,549 61.6 1,995 2,132 4,128 6.2

1995

 110,038 68,354 62.1 1,699 1,956 3,656 5.3

1996

 111,960 69,255 61.9 1,863 1,861 3,724 5.4

1997

 114,533 70,735 61.8 2,990 1,764 4,754 6.7

1998

 116,730 71,440 61.2 2,834 1,593 4,427 6.2

1999

 118,963 72,306 60.8 2,194 1,146 3,340 4.6

2000

 122,089 73,496 60.2 1,752 898 2,650 3.6

2001

 122,229 73,392 60.0 1,518 656 2,174 3.0

2002

 121,826 72,508 59.5 1,579 567 2,146 3.0

2003

 122,358 72,946 59.6 1,555 545 2,100 2.9

2004

 123,554 73,939 59.8 1,483 520 2,003 2.7

2005

 125,889 75,609 60.1 1,403 479 1,882 2.5

2006

 128,237 76,514 59.7 1,283 409 1,692 2.2

2007

 129,767 75,873 58.5 1,462 267 1,729 2.3

2008

 129,377 75,305 58.2 1,940 286 2,226 3.0

2009

 124,490 72,611 58.3 2,592 980 3,572 4.9

2010

 124,073 72,902 58.8 2,541 1,820 4,361 6.0

2011

 125,187 73,926 59.1 2,152 1,677 3,829 5.2

2012

 127,577 75,276 59.0 1,984 1,566 3,550 4.7

2013

 129,110 75,948 58.8 1,768 1,532 3,301 4.3

2014

 131,431 77,207 58.7 1,737 1,255 2,992 3.9

2015

 133,743 78,232 58.5 1,691 870 2,561 3.3

2016

 136,101 79,883 58.7 1,451 701 2,153 2.7

2017

 137,890 80,439 58.3 1,282 542 1,824 2.3

2018

 140,099 81,915 58.5 1,276 434 1,711 2.1

2019

 141,737 82,289 58.1 1,211 392 1,603 1.9

2020

 132,174 73,305 55.5 865 247 1,112 1.5

2021

 136,393 76,125 55.8 910 181 1,091 1.4

Women

1979

 38,129 23,329 61.2 2,070 2,644 4,714 20.2

1980

 38,944 23,626 60.7 2,104 2,990 5,095 21.6

1981

 39,672 24,294 61.2 2,394 2,778 5,172 21.3

1982

 39,777 24,365 61.3 1,651 2,561 4,212 17.3

1983

 40,433 24,989 61.8 1,492 2,603 4,095 16.4

1984

 42,172 26,003 61.7 1,348 2,499 3,847 14.8

1985

 43,506 26,869 61.8 1,198 2,356 3,554 13.2

1986

 44,961 27,863 62.0 1,192 2,125 3,317 11.9

1987

 46,365 29,078 62.7 1,105 1,946 3,051 10.5

1988

 47,495 29,820 62.8 1,008 1,542 2,550 8.6

1989

 48,691 30,702 63.1 994 1,056 2,050 6.7

1990

 49,323 31,069 63.0 1,420 711 2,131 6.9

1991

 49,105 30,988 63.1 1,582 1,792 3,374 10.9

1992

 49,842 31,454 63.1 1,286 1,751 3,036 9.7

1993

 50,626 31,937 63.1 1,133 1,534 2,667 8.4

1994

 51,419 33,021 64.2 1,322 1,241 2,563 7.8

1995

 52,369 33,934 64.8 1,157 1,161 2,318 6.8

1996

 53,488 34,418 64.3 1,244 1,106 2,350 6.8

1997

 54,708 35,214 64.4 1,843 1,092 2,935 8.3

1998

 55,757 35,680 64.0 1,794 965 2,760 7.7

1999

 57,050 36,233 63.5 1,426 700 2,126 5.9

2000

 58,427 36,777 62.9 1,170 579 1,749 4.8

2001

 58,582 36,848 62.9 1,021 409 1,430 3.9

2002

 58,555 36,508 62.3 997 350 1,347 3.7

2003

 59,122 37,093 62.7 1,062 332 1,394 3.8

2004

 59,408 37,133 62.5 1,013 310 1,323 3.6

2005

 60,423 37,957 62.8 944 290 1,234 3.3

2006

 61,426 38,321 62.4 861 263 1,124 2.9

2007

 62,299 38,082 61.1 1,002 181 1,183 3.1

2008

 62,532 37,972 60.7 1,302 196 1,498 3.9

2009

 60,951 37,426 61.4 1,603 612 2,215 5.9

2010

 60,542 37,404 61.8 1,598 1,151 2,749 7.3

2011

 60,502 37,469 61.9 1,366 1,029 2,395 6.4

2012

 61,679 38,163 61.9 1,288 999 2,287 6.0

2013

 62,316 38,404 61.6 1,148 910 2,058 5.4

2014

 63,383 38,802 61.2 1,139 739 1,878 4.8

2015

 64,445 39,500 61.3 1,062 540 1,602 4.1

2016

 65,512 40,315 61.5 952 432 1,384 3.4

2017

 66,421 40,658 61.2 829 316 1,146 2.8

2018

 67,467 41,223 61.1 812 267 1,078 2.6

2019

 68,388 41,372 60.5 800 268 1,067 2.6

2020

 63,462 36,513 57.5 607 136 742 2.0

2021

 65,654 38,036 57.9 599 94 693 1.8

Men

1979

 49,400 28,392 57.5 846 1,353 2,199 7.7

1980

 48,700 27,709 56.9 983 1,696 2,678 9.7

1981

 48,844 27,576 56.5 1,119 1,533 2,652 9.6

1982

 47,591 26,481 55.6 697 1,587 2,284 8.6

1983

 47,856 26,831 56.1 585 1,658 2,243 8.4

1984

 50,022 28,140 56.3 490 1,626 2,116 7.5

1985

 51,015 28,893 56.6 440 1,544 1,984 6.9

1986

 51,942 29,666 57.1 408 1,336 1,743 5.9

1987

 52,938 30,474 57.6 364 1,283 1,647 5.4

1988

 53,912 31,058 57.6 311 1,066 1,377 4.4

1989

 54,789 31,687 57.8 379 733 1,112 3.5

1990

 55,553 32,104 57.8 712 385 1,097 3.4

1991

 54,618 31,639 57.9 795 1,114 1,909 6.0

1992

 54,826 32,155 58.6 653 1,231 1,885 5.9

1993

 55,475 32,337 58.3 573 1,091 1,664 5.1

1994

 56,570 33,528 59.3 674 891 1,565 4.7

1995

 57,669 34,420 59.7 542 796 1,338 3.9

1996

 58,473 34,838 59.6 619 755 1,374 3.9

1997

 59,825 35,521 59.4 1,147 673 1,820 5.1

1998

 60,973 35,761 58.7 1,039 628 1,667 4.7

1999

 61,914 36,073 58.3 768 446 1,214 3.4

2000

 63,662 36,720 57.7 582 319 901 2.5

2001

 63,647 36,544 57.4 497 247 744 2.0

2002

 63,272 36,000 56.9 582 217 799 2.2

2003

 63,236 35,853 56.7 493 213 706 2.0

2004

 64,145 36,806 57.4 470 210 680 1.8

2005

 65,466 37,652 57.5 459 189 648 1.7

2006

 66,811 38,193 57.2 422 146 568 1.5

2007

 67,468 37,790 56.0 460 86 546 1.4

2008

 66,846 37,334 55.9 638 90 728 1.9

2009

 63,539 35,185 55.4 990 368 1,358 3.9

2010

 63,531 35,498 55.9 943 669 1,612 4.5

2011

 64,686 36,457 56.4 785 648 1,433 3.9

2012

 65,898 37,113 56.3 696 567 1,263 3.4

2013

 66,794 37,544 56.2 621 622 1,243 3.3

2014

 68,048 38,405 56.4 598 516 1,114 2.9

2015

 69,298 38,732 55.9 629 330 959 2.5

2016

 70,589 39,568 56.1 499 270 769 1.9

2017

 71,469 39,781 55.7 452 226 678 1.7

2018

 72,632 40,691 56.0 464 168 632 1.6

2019

 73,349 40,918 55.8 411 125 536 1.3

2020

 68,711 36,792 53.5 258 111 369 1.0

2021

 70,739 38,089 53.8 311 87 398 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
 Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2021
Year Total,
16 years
and older		 16 to 24 years 25 years and older
Total 16 to 19
years		 20 to 24
years		 Total 25 to 34
years		 35 to 44
years		 45 to 54
years		 55 to 64
years		 65 years
and older

1979

 62.3 78.6 85.2 76.3 62.1 67.5 58.3 56.8 60.6 77.6

1980

 64.2 80.3 89.5 78.1 62.8 69.4 58.3 56.9 59.4 76.4

1981

 64.4 82.6 91.7 80.6 62.6 70.3 59.9 56.8 58.9 71.1

1982

 65.7 85.3 92.9 82.4 64.9 72.1 61.1 60.1 61.4 70.3

1983

 66.5 88.8 94.0 85.5 65.8 73.3 61.5 59.5 61.8 68.8

1984

 67.6 87.9 93.1 85.2 67.1 74.6 62.0 59.4 61.5 66.8

1985

 68.1 87.6 90.7 85.7 66.8 75.1 63.0 59.7 61.0 65.9

1986

 69.5 89.0 91.4 87.5 66.5 76.1 63.9 60.9 61.2 71.5

1987

 69.8 88.3 87.8 88.0 67.3 76.7 66.1 62.3 62.2 68.7

1988

 70.2 89.7 89.8 90.0 68.8 77.7 68.5 61.7 62.3 70.9

1989

 70.1 90.8 94.3 89.7 70.2 78.3 68.3 62.7 63.9 74.3

1990

 71.9 90.1 90.8 90.3 72.1 79.3 69.6 63.8 63.7 74.4

1991

 74.2 93.3 93.6 93.3 74.0 81.0 70.7 65.0 64.5 68.3

1992

 75.8 94.0 94.0 94.3 74.6 82.0 71.9 65.8 64.9 77.9

1993

 77.1 94.8 92.8 95.4 74.8 83.0 73.0 67.4 67.4 74.3

1994

 76.4 93.9 92.5 94.5 73.1 82.9 72.6 67.1 66.0 76.2

1995

 75.5 90.8 88.1 92.4 72.8 82.2 72.6 67.7 64.7 80.0

1996

 75.0 92.5 88.8 92.8 74.1 83.2 73.3 68.9 65.3 70.0

1997

 74.4 92.1 91.6 90.5 75.1 82.9 74.0 69.4 64.7 77.0

1998

 76.3 91.3 88.6 89.4 75.9 82.9 73.6 70.5 68.1 72.6

1999

 76.5 91.0 91.4 90.5 74.4 81.5 71.7 70.0 67.9 78.7

2000

 76.9 91.7 92.5 92.7 74.5 82.4 71.6 73.2 69.1 75.1

2001

 76.4 90.3 90.3 91.9 75.4 83.0 72.5 73.5 70.5 69.0

2002

 77.9 93.9 94.6 93.9 77.6 84.5 75.2 74.6 71.6 73.8

2003

 79.4 93.2 93.1 93.9 78.5 86.9 76.1 73.0 72.7 71.1

2004

 80.4 93.8 92.1 93.8 78.6 87.8 75.6 72.9 73.0 74.6

2005

 81.0 93.2 92.1 93.8 79.4 89.0 75.5 75.5 74.7 76.4

2006

 80.8 94.5 87.6 94.9 78.7 88.2 77.2 73.5 72.9 77.5

2007

 80.2 92.3 89.1 90.3 78.5 86.9 76.5 74.5 72.8 77.8

2008

 79.9 91.1 87.3 92.5 78.2 88.5 74.5 74.9 75.4 74.8

2009

 80.2 92.6 90.7 92.9 78.7 88.7 77.4 73.6 75.3 76.1

2010

 81.2 95.3 94.6 93.8 80.5 90.8 79.9 76.5 75.2 75.7

2011

 82.2 92.5 88.6 93.2 81.0 92.3 78.5 76.0 75.1 80.9

2012

 80.9 88.9 88.5 89.0 79.9 90.2 78.1 75.1 76.2 77.6

2013

 82.1 88.3 89.7 89.8 81.1 89.4 80.2 76.6 77.1 73.7

2014

 82.5 91.5 91.1 92.3 81.6 89.9 81.0 77.2 76.4 78.6

2015

 81.1 88.2 89.4 89.7 80.4 89.6 81.8 76.8 73.7 73.8

2016

 81.9 94.9 92.6 95.6 80.9 88.8 83.3 77.8 73.7 75.5

2017

 81.8 91.2 87.6 90.2 81.3 88.2 81.0 77.5 78.0 77.0

2018

 81.1 90.8 89.4 92.2 80.9 87.0 79.6 77.0 75.0 77.2

2019

 81.5 89.0 84.4 90.4 80.8 87.8 80.1 77.3 75.5 76.5

2020

 82.3 94.7 90.4 93.5 81.2 89.5 81.2 77.5 77.8 80.4

2021

 83.1 93.1 88.6 92.3 82.2 90.6 79.9 78.1 77.7 76.8

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
 Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2021
Year Total,
16 years
and older		 White Black or
African
American		 Asian Hispanic
or
Latino ethnicity

1979

 62.3 61.7 74.4 - 71.7

1980

 64.2 63.4 75.8 - 73.5

1981

 64.4 63.1 76.9 - 75.7

1982

 65.7 64.5 78.1 - 75.5

1983

 66.5 65.6 78.9 - 78.5

1984

 67.6 66.8 79.5 - 77.7

1985

 68.1 67.2 82.6 - 77.7

1986

 69.5 67.9 82.8 - 80.6

1987

 69.8 68.2 84.4 - 82.0

1988

 70.2 68.4 82.8 - 84.4

1989

 70.1 69.3 86.5 - 85.4

1990

 71.9 71.5 85.3 - 87.4

1991

 74.2 73.7 86.1 - 90.4

1992

 75.8 75.3 88.2 - 89.1

1993

 77.1 76.5 88.8 - 90.5

1994

 76.4 74.6 86.5 - 88.9

1995

 75.5 73.3 86.4 - 87.1

1996

 75.0 73.8 87.9 - 88.8

1997

 74.4 74.6 86.8 - 85.7

1998

 76.3 76.1 85.5 - 86.4

1999

 76.5 75.7 83.8 - 85.7

2000

 76.9 75.8 84.1 79.9 87.8

2001

 76.4 75.8 85.8 76.9 88.2

2002

 77.9 77.9 90.3 74.9 88.0

2003

 79.4 79.3 88.5 77.5 88.4

2004

 80.4 79.8 88.8 76.4 87.3

2005

 81.0 80.2 89.3 80.6 87.7

2006

 80.8 80.0 87.8 79.3 87.1

2007

 80.2 79.4 88.8 78.1 91.0

2008

 79.9 79.3 89.4 78.0 89.6

2009

 80.2 79.2 93.7 81.8 89.5

2010

 81.2 80.5 93.5 82.6 90.7

2011

 82.2 82.1 91.1 77.4 90.7

2012

 80.9 80.8 90.1 73.0 88.0

2013

 82.1 81.7 91.3 77.3 91.1

2014

 82.5 81.8 89.9 77.9 89.0

2015

 81.1 80.8 90.4 77.7 89.7

2016

 81.9 81.3 89.3 78.4 88.4

2017

 81.8 81.9 92.5 74.8 87.4

2018

 81.1 81.5 89.0 75.5 85.7

2019

 81.5 81.1 91.5 76.7 85.9

2020

 82.3 81.5 92.0 79.0 88.5

2021

 83.1 82.2 94.1 78.5 87.6

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
 Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2021
Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1979

 62.1 60.3 60.1 64.1 66.7

1980

 62.8 61.4 61.5 64.5 67.9

1981

 62.6 61.2 61.0 65.6 66.9

1982

 64.9 62.8 63.1 66.7 68.8

1983

 65.8 64.8 63.4 68.2 71.2

1984

 67.1 64.9 64.9 68.4 69.4

1985

 66.8 64.3 65.8 67.2 70.2

1986

 66.5 64.8 66.6 68.0 70.6

1987

 67.3 66.0 68.1 69.8 71.4

1988

 68.8 66.6 68.2 71.6 71.4

1989

 70.2 66.8 67.6 73.3 71.9

1990

 72.1 68.8 68.6 72.9 72.2

1991

 74.0 71.6 69.8 72.6 73.6

1992

 74.6 72.9 70.4 73.3 75.1

1993

 74.8 73.9 71.3 73.8 75.8

1994

 73.1 75.1 70.8 72.1 76.8

1995

 72.8 75.5 70.2 71.6 76.2

1996

 74.1 75.1 70.7 73.2 75.2

1997

 75.1 75.3 70.7 73.9 75.0

1998

 75.9 73.9 70.8 74.0 75.3

1999

 74.4 73.4 69.8 73.4 75.7

2000

 74.5 74.9 71.1 73.1 74.1

2001

 75.4 75.4 72.7 71.9 73.7

2002

 77.6 77.2 74.2 74.3 74.2

2003

 78.5 76.7 75.5 75.7 73.6

2004

 78.6 74.9 75.7 75.8 75.2

2005

 79.4 74.9 75.6 76.6 75.7

2006

 78.7 76.3 73.7 75.6 75.1

2007

 78.5 76.7 74.3 75.2 75.0

2008

 78.2 76.1 73.3 75.7 74.3

2009

 78.7 76.4 75.7 75.4 73.1

2010

 80.5 79.8 76.5 75.5 74.1

2011

 81.0 80.9 76.9 76.8 74.9

2012

 79.9 76.0 76.3 76.9 73.0

2013

 81.1 80.0 78.3 76.6 74.8

2014

 81.6 79.1 77.0 75.8 75.7

2015

 80.4 80.4 77.2 75.2 74.9

2016

 80.9 76.8 77.9 76.8 75.2

2017

 81.3 76.5 76.5 76.3 76.4

2018

 80.9 77.3 75.2 75.4 75.1

2019

 80.8 76.7 75.0 74.4 76.0

2020

 81.2 77.9 76.2 75.9 75.4

2021

 82.2 80.4 77.2 76.7 76.6

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in table 24.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
 Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2021
Year Total,
16 years
and
older		 16 to 24 years 25 years and older
Total 16 to 19
years		 20 to 24
years		 Total 25 to 34
years		 35 to 44
years		 45 to 54
years		 55 to 64
years		 65 years
and
older

1979

 64.1 81.8 95.0 75.9 58.3 63.3 55.8 54.1 56.9 87.6

1980

 64.8 84.1 93.2 77.0 58.7 64.1 54.9 54.4 56.4 89.2

1981

 65.1 86.1 96.7 80.0 60.3 66.7 57.5 54.1 56.2 88.1

1982

 67.3 86.3 97.0 81.8 62.1 67.7 57.1 55.7 59.0 88.1

1983

 69.4 87.2 96.7 84.4 62.9 70.3 57.6 56.7 58.0 87.6

1984

 69.8 86.0 96.5 84.5 63.7 71.1 59.0 56.9 59.5 89.0

1985

 70.0 85.7 96.3 87.2 64.7 72.4 60.3 57.8 60.4 88.8

1986

 70.2 85.8 95.5 86.7 66.0 74.1 61.4 59.0 60.3 91.3

1987

 72.1 85.9 93.9 86.1 67.2 74.3 62.9 61.3 62.0 91.2

1988

 73.8 89.1 94.4 87.2 68.7 75.6 66.1 61.6 62.4 92.8

1989

 75.4 90.7 93.4 86.9 69.8 78.0 67.0 63.4 63.8 87.1

1990

 77.9 91.0 93.8 90.1 71.8 79.4 68.7 64.3 66.2 89.6

1991

 78.6 91.0 97.9 91.7 73.5 80.4 70.4 65.0 68.9 92.6

1992

 80.3 91.3 97.7 92.5 76.0 82.6 73.1 66.1 69.3 92.6

1993

 80.4 91.7 97.1 94.2 77.3 83.6 73.1 67.3 69.0 92.1

1994

 80.6 90.5 97.0 91.2 78.2 85.5 73.4 69.9 70.7 94.0

1995

 80.8 90.9 96.1 89.3 76.1 83.7 72.6 70.8 71.4 94.2

1996

 81.2 92.1 97.0 89.6 78.2 83.1 74.6 72.1 72.4 91.6

1997

 80.8 92.2 96.6 91.2 78.8 82.7 75.7 72.3 70.5 98.1

1998

 81.8 90.3 96.7 89.1 77.9 86.1 77.4 75.0 72.4 93.2

1999

 83.8 92.7 96.8 89.9 79.4 83.9 76.9 72.7 76.4 95.4

2000

 83.8 91.7 93.8 93.0 80.8 88.3 76.3 73.2 76.8 94.7

2001

 85.2 90.5 95.8 89.7 79.2 85.8 75.0 76.1 80.2 90.4

2002

 85.0 92.5 96.9 91.3 82.1 85.1 78.7 77.6 80.8 89.3

2003

 84.8 93.2 97.6 91.0 83.1 87.5 79.1 79.0 78.4 90.3

2004

 84.6 93.9 95.9 91.7 81.7 88.3 78.4 79.1 79.6 92.5

2005

 84.8 92.6 96.0 92.4 83.2 89.2 79.6 80.2 80.2 97.8

2006

 84.0 90.9 95.7 90.5 83.2 87.6 80.0 76.4 80.6 93.0

2007

 84.8 89.3 95.4 90.4 81.7 87.4 81.5 79.6 79.2 92.2

2008

 85.4 91.2 96.6 91.6 83.0 87.0 80.5 78.2 81.8 91.6

2009

 85.5 93.1 97.1 92.0 84.7 90.6 80.7 77.0 84.5 92.6

2010

 86.0 93.6 97.8 91.7 85.6 91.9 82.9 79.9 83.2 93.8

2011

 86.8 94.6 97.5 92.5 86.7 92.0 83.8 81.5 82.2 91.5

2012

 86.4 93.0 97.9 92.0 86.8 91.5 83.9 81.2 83.1 90.9

2013

 86.6 92.3 96.7 94.0 87.5 91.1 84.9 81.2 84.1 94.9

2014

 84.6 92.4 96.1 96.3 85.7 87.0 84.6 81.2 81.3 89.2

2015

 85.6 95.1 97.5 93.5 87.8 91.0 85.7 84.3 82.1 89.5

2016

 87.0 97.7 95.7 91.9 87.6 88.2 85.8 83.0 83.7 88.1

2017

 89.2 93.5 97.1 92.6 87.2 92.4 83.4 80.9 81.8 93.0

2018

 87.8 93.1 97.6 95.9 84.7 92.2 82.5 80.0 79.9 92.4

2019

 88.6 95.0 95.5 92.0 86.3 90.8 83.0 83.0 81.7 93.5

2020

 85.7 92.7 93.2 92.2 86.0 90.7 84.3 81.1 84.6 89.7

2021

 88.8 92.7 97.1 94.2 86.5 92.5 88.7 85.8 83.0 89.6

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
 Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2021
Year Total,
16 years
and
older		 White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1979

 64.1 62.5 72.6 - 71.8

1980

 64.8 63.6 74.9 - 75.1

1981

 65.1 63.8 72.1 - 76.4

1982

 67.3 66.0 75.2 - 75.6

1983

 69.4 68.0 79.2 - 76.1

1984

 69.8 68.6 79.1 - 77.0

1985

 70.0 67.8 82.0 - 79.4

1986

 70.2 68.8 78.7 - 80.8

1987

 72.1 70.9 80.1 - 80.2

1988

 73.8 72.7 80.8 - 81.1

1989

 75.4 74.0 83.2 - 83.0

1990

 77.9 75.6 84.5 - 86.1

1991

 78.6 76.6 86.5 - 86.9

1992

 80.3 78.6 87.1 - 88.3

1993

 80.4 78.9 89.6 - 88.6

1994

 80.6 79.7 87.5 - 89.3

1995

 80.8 78.4 87.3 - 90.9

1996

 81.2 79.6 88.0 - 88.8

1997

 80.8 80.3 87.5 - 86.3

1998

 81.8 81.8 86.9 - 87.6

1999

 83.8 82.3 83.2 - 86.6

2000

 83.8 83.0 88.8 90.5 87.3

2001

 85.2 83.8 89.9 85.1 85.6

2002

 85.0 83.8 92.3 91.7 86.1

2003

 84.8 84.0 91.7 89.8 88.5

2004

 84.6 84.0 91.3 88.8 90.2

2005

 84.8 84.2 91.1 91.3 90.1

2006

 84.0 83.6 88.5 90.7 87.6

2007

 84.8 83.7 90.3 89.5 88.5

2008

 85.4 84.5 89.9 87.3 85.1

2009

 85.5 84.8 89.7 90.4 84.6

2010

 86.0 85.0 92.1 88.0 86.2

2011

 86.8 85.9 93.5 89.8 86.8

2012

 86.4 85.3 92.0 90.1 85.4

2013

 86.6 85.7 94.9 91.6 87.5

2014

 84.6 83.3 94.8 90.2 86.6

2015

 85.6 85.9 92.4 92.8 85.8

2016

 87.0 87.2 92.6 93.6 85.2

2017

 89.2 87.8 94.1 85.5 84.1

2018

 87.8 86.3 91.6 89.6 85.3

2019

 88.6 87.3 93.5 88.8 90.1

2020

 85.7 85.2 94.1 91.8 90.4

2021

 88.8 87.2 94.4 88.4 89.0

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2021 annual averages [In constant 2021 dollars]
Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 25 years and older
Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

Total

1979

 $843 $601 $503 $650 $927 $892 $979 $965 $916 $692

1980

 821 586 483 627 897 865 947 934 893 636

1981

 814 573 461 610 883 848 934 917 885 636

1982

 816 562 443 595 884 841 957 932 878 684

1983

 813 548 426 579 891 834 961 953 899 678

1984

 811 540 420 575 900 833 968 958 910 677

1985

 829 540 419 578 913 841 978 964 918 716

1986

 849 548 421 586 924 851 991 983 939 704

1987

 856 556 426 593 922 854 995 982 927 709

1988

 850 550 433 587 914 845 993 1,000 925 713

1989

 844 548 431 584 903 833 998 998 911 706

1990

 831 542 421 575 905 821 980 986 921 692

1991

 829 539 414 566 909 807 969 986 912 741

1992

 835 524 402 550 909 801 954 991 917 717

1993

 850 522 396 550 909 807 957 1,004 911 728

1994

 848 519 401 544 907 797 975 1,027 909 697

1995

 848 517 409 542 903 798 973 1,030 910 688

1996

 845 514 414 538 897 798 964 1,024 922 662

1997

 850 517 426 542 912 812 978 1,025 943 664

1998

 872 532 447 565 953 837 995 1,033 987 675

1999

 896 556 458 592 966 845 997 1,064 985 659

2000

 909 569 468 604 961 866 986 1,055 978 730

2001

 914 575 468 604 966 883 1,008 1,063 979 748

2002

 918 576 461 603 976 893 1,009 1,066 1,018 758

2003

 916 572 459 594 978 877 1,015 1,068 1,046 762

2004

 918 561 445 584 983 869 1,026 1,069 1,043 806

2005

 905 552 442 572 968 848 1,017 1,040 1,032 791

2006

 904 551 437 570 968 837 1,008 1,042 1,031 786

2007

 911 556 442 590 967 843 1,008 1,035 1,052 793

2008

 910 559 440 589 960 840 1,014 1,037 1,040 812

2009

 935 559 435 587 980 858 1,034 1,061 1,065 866

2010

 930 538 432 565 974 849 1,026 1,051 1,071 852

2011

 913 531 425 552 963 837 1,011 1,046 1,064 896

2012

 908 525 421 548 963 836 1,014 1,038 1,060 895

2013

 904 529 435 550 964 825 1,019 1,029 1,054 934

2014

 906 546 433 562 961 832 1,009 1,030 1,044 944

2015

 926 557 445 573 984 841 1,030 1,056 1,061 999

2016

 939 565 457 579 999 848 1,054 1,078 1,074 977

2017

 950 573 469 597 1,002 854 1,065 1,080 1,076 1,004

2018

 956 591 484 621 1,005 872 1,064 1,081 1,072 1,018

2019

 971 615 510 633 1,026 896 1,096 1,094 1,077 992

2020

 1,030 635 520 653 1,077 947 1,158 1,182 1,148 1,046

2021

 998 623 527 645 1,057 931 1,131 1,154 1,132 994

Women

1979

 $636 $538 $462 $563 $682 $696 $685 $671 $661 $594

1980

 630 524 455 549 668 683 671 655 643 549

1981

 628 516 441 547 668 685 682 645 636 542

1982

 646 519 427 543 689 697 697 681 662 570

1983

 655 514 410 538 696 706 706 686 668 551

1984

 659 505 403 530 704 709 726 694 672 545

1985

 667 508 400 533 713 713 740 704 687 583

1986

 688 518 402 546 728 723 754 728 700 605

1987

 693 519 394 554 735 723 771 741 705 597

1988

 695 519 406 554 740 722 781 748 700 618

1989

 693 520 416 550 742 719 782 755 704 617

1990

 698 512 399 542 744 718 786 760 702 605

1991

 712 518 399 545 753 722 792 774 706 621

1992

 721 507 389 531 759 725 793 791 713 622

1993

 728 506 380 535 769 731 806 815 731 620

1994

 724 501 383 526 764 721 813 817 722 610

1995

 719 487 381 515 758 713 802 821 713 625

1996

 721 490 384 514 766 716 798 829 724 576

1997

 728 493 405 517 780 721 814 836 731 588

1998

 760 508 415 532 808 752 830 860 793 583

1999

 772 529 434 560 811 767 821 871 803 604

2000

 778 543 446 577 814 778 822 890 801 618

2001

 785 541 442 575 833 785 839 900 822 598

2002

 799 554 446 582 858 801 863 909 867 650

2003

 815 548 442 572 863 806 871 900 888 643

2004

 824 540 422 563 862 807 875 899 885 688

2005

 814 530 423 551 851 797 864 896 889 684

2006

 809 532 411 557 845 786 869 888 887 687

2007

 805 536 417 558 847 782 875 887 890 700

2008

 805 530 406 561 845 786 860 892 897 710

2009

 832 537 409 563 870 803 897 901 920 762

2010

 833 526 418 547 877 807 910 909 917 748

2011

 826 508 396 529 867 800 886 899 905 802

2012

 817 492 390 507 859 787 883 882 905 788

2013

 823 493 408 515 862 775 894 887 908 805

2014

 824 517 409 536 861 778 895 893 893 848

2015

 831 515 416 535 871 789 920 914 897 847

2016

 845 549 438 564 885 796 947 944 916 845

2017

 851 551 444 568 895 800 950 945 946 864

2018

 851 563 454 589 895 809 945 945 920 875

2019

 870 572 452 596 916 835 975 958 932 863

2020

 933 617 486 635 973 892 1,024 1,023 1,000 939

2021

 912 605 499 619 954 881 992 1,012 976 867

Men

1979

 $1,021 $685 $542 $738 $1,098 $1,031 $1,175 $1,182 $1,091 $766

1980

 981 652 508 702 1,063 984 1,150 1,150 1,082 718

1981

 974 625 481 679 1,066 974 1,138 1,135 1,080 762

1982

 984 608 459 659 1,062 968 1,141 1,132 1,078 811

1983

 984 579 436 629 1,057 964 1,148 1,153 1,081 800

1984

 975 575 433 622 1,050 950 1,172 1,169 1,092 816

1985

 981 581 441 622 1,067 949 1,173 1,178 1,125 884

1986

 991 582 440 624 1,095 950 1,180 1,196 1,144 846

1987

 993 588 449 629 1,092 943 1,167 1,190 1,133 870

1988

 991 578 453 616 1,075 929 1,141 1,212 1,124 872

1989

 989 573 442 613 1,057 918 1,146 1,203 1,101 831

1990

 970 569 440 601 1,032 905 1,129 1,192 1,101 812

1991

 959 554 426 584 1,018 891 1,121 1,191 1,095 909

1992

 951 539 414 564 1,017 884 1,102 1,203 1,099 799

1993

 944 533 409 561 1,028 881 1,104 1,209 1,085 835

1994

 947 534 414 557 1,045 869 1,120 1,218 1,094 800

1995

 952 536 432 558 1,041 867 1,104 1,212 1,103 781

1996

 960 529 433 553 1,033 860 1,090 1,203 1,109 822

1997

 978 535 443 571 1,039 870 1,100 1,204 1,130 764

1998

 997 557 468 595 1,065 907 1,128 1,220 1,165 803

1999

 1,008 581 475 618 1,090 941 1,145 1,245 1,183 767

2000

 1,011 591 483 623 1,093 943 1,148 1,216 1,159 823

2001

 1,028 600 489 626 1,104 946 1,156 1,225 1,166 867

2002

 1,026 591 471 619 1,106 947 1,147 1,219 1,211 881

2003

 1,027 588 474 609 1,099 928 1,145 1,232 1,222 904

2004

 1,026 576 458 600 1,096 919 1,157 1,233 1,213 922

2005

 1,004 569 459 587 1,072 896 1,143 1,186 1,189 896

2006

 1,001 563 469 586 1,074 891 1,127 1,209 1,216 887

2007

 1,004 581 468 619 1,079 900 1,144 1,191 1,223 899

2008

 1,006 581 465 607 1,081 888 1,154 1,190 1,189 950

2009

 1,037 580 451 606 1,105 905 1,159 1,224 1,222 1,001

2010

 1,026 552 442 583 1,088 889 1,139 1,188 1,219 989

2011

 1,005 550 447 568 1,070 866 1,129 1,182 1,204 992

2012

 1,009 553 441 570 1,076 872 1,131 1,175 1,188 1,017

2013

 1,002 558 455 573 1,063 867 1,114 1,159 1,178 1,092

2014

 998 565 449 581 1,056 865 1,104 1,158 1,170 1,079

2015

 1,024 584 466 597 1,084 881 1,125 1,190 1,217 1,148

2016

 1,033 578 473 590 1,094 896 1,137 1,213 1,244 1,120

2017

 1,040 604 507 630 1,101 907 1,173 1,219 1,213 1,123

2018

 1,050 620 508 639 1,107 930 1,188 1,227 1,227 1,133

2019

 1,067 643 536 660 1,133 950 1,217 1,238 1,235 1,129

2020

 1,133 651 537 679 1,198 997 1,262 1,319 1,286 1,168

2021

 1,097 650 563 671 1,160 972 1,241 1,295 1,256 1,129

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2021 annual averages [In constant 2021 dollars]
Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979

 $843 $867 $696 - $678

1980

 821 843 665 - 655

1981

 814 834 673 - 639

1982

 816 838 662 - 649

1983

 813 831 678 - 649

1984

 811 836 669 - 644

1985

 829 858 667 - 651

1986

 849 877 688 - 655

1987

 856 879 689 - 652

1988

 850 872 693 - 640

1989

 844 865 674 - 630

1990

 831 855 663 - 613

1991

 829 860 677 - 607

1992

 835 869 677 - 609

1993

 850 880 683 - 613

1994

 848 878 673 - 588

1995

 848 874 678 - 582

1996

 845 872 667 - 584

1997

 850 877 676 - 593

1998

 872 908 710 - 617

1999

 896 935 726 - 628

2000

 909 931 748 $970 629

2001

 914 936 753 980 640

2002

 918 941 752 994 640

2003

 916 939 759 1,024 650

2004

 918 945 755 1,019 656

2005

 905 935 723 1,047 655

2006

 904 930 747 1,057 655

2007

 911 938 746 1,088 659

2008

 910 936 743 1,086 667

2009

 935 958 761 1,114 685

2010

 930 953 761 1,065 666

2011

 913 936 743 1,046 663

2012

 908 936 734 1,087 671

2013

 904 935 733 1,098 674

2014

 906 935 732 1,092 680

2015

 926 955 733 1,136 691

2016

 939 973 765 1,152 704

2017

 950 983 754 1,152 724

2018

 956 988 749 1,181 734

2019

 971 1,001 779 1,244 748

2020

 1,030 1,050 831 1,372 794

2021

 998 1,018 801 1,328 777

Women

1979

 $636 $643 $591 - $549

1980

 630 636 580 - 539

1981

 628 633 590 - 544

1982

 646 654 586 - 549

1983

 655 660 603 - 558

1984

 659 667 600 - 555

1985

 667 677 607 - 554

1986

 688 695 624 - 570

1987

 693 703 632 - 574

1988

 695 702 636 - 574

1989

 693 706 636 - 569

1990

 698 712 621 - 560

1991

 712 726 628 - 568

1992

 721 734 636 - 573

1993

 728 743 644 - 580

1994

 724 740 628 - 554

1995

 719 735 628 - 540

1996

 721 738 624 - 545

1997

 728 750 633 - 537

1998

 760 780 667 - 562

1999

 772 788 667 - 568

2000

 778 792 677 $863 577

2001

 785 801 696 863 595

2002

 799 826 715 855 600

2003

 815 838 725 883 606

2004

 824 840 727 882 603

2005

 814 829 694 925 597

2006

 809 821 699 942 593

2007

 805 820 699 958 620

2008

 805 825 699 950 632

2009

 832 847 737 986 644

2010

 833 852 737 963 633

2011

 826 849 719 907 626

2012

 817 839 708 910 616

2013

 823 841 706 955 631

2014

 824 841 700 963 628

2015

 831 850 704 1,003 648

2016

 845 865 723 1,018 661

2017

 851 878 726 998 666

2018

 851 881 706 1,011 666

2019

 870 890 746 1,086 680

2020

 933 948 800 1,197 738

2021

 912 925 776 1,141 718

Men

1979

 $1,021 $1,042 $794 - $766

1980

 981 1,003 765 - 734

1981

 974 1,003 768 - 719

1982

 984 1,014 751 - 727

1983

 984 1,005 764 - 712

1984

 975 998 754 - 714

1985

 981 1,007 735 - 713

1986

 991 1,024 754 - 707

1987

 993 1,030 748 - 700

1988

 991 1,026 768 - 680

1989

 989 1,019 736 - 666

1990

 970 996 728 - 641

1991

 959 984 730 - 628

1992

 951 975 721 - 643

1993

 944 970 726 - 641

1994

 947 993 726 - 623

1995

 952 1,002 727 - 619

1996

 960 1,000 710 - 614

1997

 978 1,005 730 - 627

1998

 997 1,025 780 - 650

1999

 1,008 1,041 796 - 662

2000

 1,011 1,044 804 $1,080 658

2001

 1,028 1,057 811 1,123 675

2002

 1,026 1,060 792 1,142 681

2003

 1,027 1,056 820 1,140 685

2004

 1,026 1,053 819 1,154 691

2005

 1,004 1,033 777 1,147 680

2006

 1,001 1,026 796 1,189 681

2007

 1,004 1,033 786 1,227 682

2008

 1,006 1,040 782 1,218 705

2009

 1,037 1,070 786 1,205 720

2010

 1,026 1,059 788 1,166 697

2011

 1,005 1,034 789 1,171 690

2012

 1,009 1,039 786 1,247 700

2013

 1,002 1,030 774 1,234 692

2014

 998 1,027 779 1,237 706

2015

 1,024 1,053 778 1,292 722

2016

 1,033 1,063 810 1,299 748

2017

 1,040 1,073 785 1,334 762

2018

 1,050 1,081 793 1,339 777

2019

 1,067 1,097 815 1,415 791

2020

 1,133 1,162 869 1,515 835

2021

 1,097 1,125 825 1,453 820

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2021 annual averages [In constant 2021 dollars]
Year Total,
25 years
and older		 Less than a
high school
diploma		 High school
graduates, no
college		 Some
college or
associate
degree		 Bachelor's
degree and
higher

Total

1979

 $927 $734 $871 $986 $1,203

1980

 897 696 834 953 1,179

1981

 883 688 819 928 1,166

1982

 884 670 816 949 1,184

1983

 891 665 808 943 1,197

1984

 900 654 803 950 1,209

1985

 913 651 802 961 1,219

1986

 924 657 813 967 1,241

1987

 922 650 815 963 1,291

1988

 914 636 812 949 1,291

1989

 903 628 793 956 1,288

1990

 905 611 778 960 1,286

1991

 909 597 772 951 1,296

1992

 909 590 765 918 1,321

1993

 909 581 769 915 1,324

1994

 907 557 764 906 1,330

1995

 903 547 765 899 1,322

1996

 897 547 764 893 1,307

1997

 912 542 779 904 1,316

1998

 953 562 798 930 1,368

1999

 966 564 799 946 1,403

2000

 961 571 797 940 1,405

2001

 966 586 798 946 1,413

2002

 976 586 808 950 1,421

2003

 978 585 818 944 1,424

2004

 983 577 826 951 1,419

2005

 968 569 811 932 1,409

2006

 968 565 802 933 1,400

2007

 967 561 792 923 1,405

2008

 960 571 779 910 1,406

2009

 980 575 792 919 1,439

2010

 974 553 780 914 1,425

2011

 963 545 771 893 1,389

2012

 963 557 771 885 1,377

2013

 964 550 759 872 1,392

2014

 961 559 765 872 1,367

2015

 984 564 776 872 1,407

2016

 999 569 781 879 1,421

2017

 1,002 575 787 882 1,413

2018

 1,005 597 787 891 1,428

2019

 1,026 627 790 907 1,448

2020

 1,077 648 818 946 1,488

2021

 1,057 626 809 925 1,452

Women

1979

 $682 $531 $647 $738 $923

1980

 668 514 630 724 909

1981

 668 501 622 731 911

1982

 689 497 638 741 935

1983

 696 506 639 748 958

1984

 704 498 644 759 970

1985

 713 487 646 764 998

1986

 728 492 655 780 1,031

1987

 735 490 659 794 1,066

1988

 740 488 658 795 1,071

1989

 742 488 643 801 1,072

1990

 744 484 635 796 1,079

1991

 753 486 638 796 1,093

1992

 759 486 639 772 1,127

1993

 769 487 643 781 1,131

1994

 764 466 637 768 1,151

1995

 758 464 630 756 1,140

1996

 766 462 629 762 1,133

1997

 780 465 639 775 1,135

1998

 808 472 660 793 1,178

1999

 811 473 661 796 1,207

2000

 814 479 662 797 1,192

2001

 833 485 679 798 1,206

2002

 858 491 692 820 1,222

2003

 863 486 700 827 1,229

2004

 862 481 702 830 1,237

2005

 851 474 686 816 1,228

2006

 845 482 674 811 1,220

2007

 847 484 671 798 1,221

2008

 845 477 656 792 1,204

2009

 870 484 686 797 1,228

2010

 877 483 676 795 1,228

2011

 867 477 669 779 1,205

2012

 859 456 663 779 1,183

2013

 862 466 668 766 1,216

2014

 861 468 662 757 1,202

2015

 871 478 670 760 1,217

2016

 885 477 676 777 1,243

2017

 895 494 674 773 1,250

2018

 895 506 665 773 1,235

2019

 916 523 671 781 1,266

2020

 973 550 703 816 1,297

2021

 954 550 698 803 1,272

Men

1979

 $1,098 $881 $1,077 $1,150 $1,385

1980

 1,063 837 1,025 1,122 1,339

1981

 1,066 819 1,020 1,115 1,361

1982

 1,062 792 1,011 1,111 1,359

1983

 1,057 782 1,008 1,096 1,345

1984

 1,050 766 993 1,109 1,398

1985

 1,067 757 981 1,137 1,422

1986

 1,095 759 983 1,147 1,461

1987

 1,092 741 968 1,137 1,494

1988

 1,075 733 965 1,110 1,499

1989

 1,057 732 951 1,093 1,490

1990

 1,032 704 925 1,093 1,494

1991

 1,018 679 914 1,095 1,486

1992

 1,017 666 909 1,053 1,501

1993

 1,028 659 902 1,059 1,493

1994

 1,045 621 900 1,065 1,499

1995

 1,041 614 897 1,055 1,496

1996

 1,033 616 890 1,041 1,507

1997

 1,039 617 904 1,049 1,514

1998

 1,065 638 932 1,072 1,565

1999

 1,090 644 946 1,085 1,594

2000

 1,093 640 932 1,090 1,609

2001

 1,104 643 934 1,109 1,637

2002

 1,106 636 932 1,104 1,647

2003

 1,099 634 928 1,093 1,671

2004

 1,096 642 928 1,095 1,645

2005

 1,072 633 907 1,065 1,623

2006

 1,074 632 914 1,073 1,624

2007

 1,079 630 903 1,062 1,629

2008

 1,081 627 894 1,047 1,620

2009

 1,105 633 906 1,057 1,680

2010

 1,088 605 884 1,052 1,656

2011

 1,070 589 870 1,014 1,609

2012

 1,076 600 869 1,013 1,621

2013

 1,063 583 853 1,000 1,626

2014

 1,056 592 860 999 1,586

2015

 1,084 595 868 1,010 1,625

2016

 1,094 622 868 1,011 1,652

2017

 1,101 645 881 1,013 1,636

2018

 1,107 655 883 1,026 1,644

2019

 1,133 682 894 1,050 1,666

2020

 1,198 706 923 1,075 1,721

2021

 1,160 684 904 1,047 1,661

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2021 annual averages [In constant 2021 dollars]
Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 25 years and older
Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

Total

1979

 $15.52 $12.20 $10.84 $14.06 $17.87 $18.18 $18.50 $18.04 $17.38 $11.29

1980

 15.11 11.63 10.09 13.45 17.40 17.74 18.06 17.71 16.90 11.16

1981

 14.76 11.38 10.26 13.21 17.16 17.45 17.77 17.22 16.65 11.23

1982

 14.59 10.95 9.73 12.59 16.97 17.16 17.86 17.35 16.51 11.14

1983

 14.52 10.60 9.38 12.18 17.01 16.88 17.95 17.48 16.65 11.43

1984

 14.50 10.40 9.08 11.99 17.01 16.84 17.84 17.61 16.47 11.52

1985

 14.53 10.27 8.84 11.90 16.99 16.67 18.05 17.76 16.65 11.42

1986

 14.66 10.43 8.77 11.96 17.09 16.57 18.42 18.27 16.95 11.75

1987

 14.81 10.50 8.72 11.92 17.07 16.45 18.17 17.99 16.98 11.62

1988

 14.86 10.57 8.90 11.88 17.09 16.40 18.04 18.01 16.51 11.55

1989

 14.78 10.47 8.92 11.95 16.79 16.15 18.10 17.80 16.53 11.46

1990

 14.58 10.40 9.05 11.92 16.45 15.93 17.78 17.72 16.17 11.59

1991

 14.59 10.23 9.12 11.67 16.50 15.64 17.84 17.72 15.93 11.56

1992

 14.65 10.19 8.98 11.44 16.57 15.50 17.80 18.06 16.09 11.65

1993

 14.57 10.20 8.89 11.39 16.57 15.31 17.80 18.26 16.48 11.83

1994

 14.54 10.20 8.91 11.29 16.55 15.21 18.00 18.19 16.37 11.60

1995

 14.46 10.27 8.92 11.36 16.57 15.42 17.73 17.93 16.28 11.77

1996

 14.48 10.24 8.91 11.53 16.59 15.21 17.48 17.66 16.19 11.67

1997

 14.78 10.39 9.31 11.67 16.67 15.27 17.50 17.91 16.44 11.64

1998

 15.17 10.97 9.80 12.07 16.88 16.08 18.10 18.27 16.80 12.33

1999

 15.55 11.21 9.92 12.63 17.08 16.28 17.98 18.48 16.93 12.56

2000

 15.63 11.42 10.11 12.73 17.16 16.06 17.90 18.64 17.07 12.70

2001

 15.63 11.79 10.37 12.85 17.48 16.37 18.36 18.67 17.44 13.08

2002

 15.82 11.80 10.44 12.79 17.87 16.59 18.40 18.82 17.90 13.70

2003

 16.03 11.67 10.24 12.79 17.80 16.62 18.40 19.16 18.01 13.57

2004

 15.83 11.48 10.07 12.63 17.60 16.36 18.55 19.04 18.10 13.84

2005

 15.56 11.22 9.81 12.39 17.36 16.36 18.23 18.75 18.01 13.81

2006

 15.85 11.11 9.74 12.35 17.44 16.11 18.18 18.91 17.96 13.68

2007

 15.66 11.34 9.92 12.66 17.25 15.79 18.26 18.86 17.97 13.59

2008

 15.42 11.19 9.89 12.31 17.41 15.76 18.13 18.75 17.91 13.73

2009

 15.75 11.27 10.03 12.37 17.61 15.95 18.47 18.80 18.61 14.54

2010

 15.57 11.08 9.96 11.87 17.41 15.60 18.19 18.66 18.54 14.38

2011

 15.35 10.83 9.73 11.61 17.05 15.35 17.91 18.12 18.20 14.72

2012

 15.13 10.70 9.57 11.47 16.84 15.15 17.57 17.81 18.19 14.43

2013

 15.07 10.68 9.55 11.46 16.90 15.01 17.46 17.68 18.21 14.53

2014

 15.05 10.94 9.66 11.43 16.95 15.04 17.31 17.63 17.59 14.91

2015

 15.38 11.27 10.13 11.60 17.06 15.56 17.35 18.12 18.20 14.97

2016

 15.80 11.42 10.38 12.18 17.08 15.80 17.80 18.39 18.28 15.54

2017

 16.17 11.80 10.82 12.54 17.29 16.39 17.79 18.48 18.59 15.82

2018

 16.17 12.04 10.82 12.90 17.38 16.29 18.27 18.36 18.62 15.48

2019

 16.26 12.65 10.82 13.28 17.87 16.84 18.56 18.56 18.91 15.92

2020

 17.13 13.29 11.59 14.14 18.70 17.64 19.39 19.79 19.48 16.59

2021

 17.02 13.80 12.06 14.76 18.22 17.65 18.97 19.12 19.21 16.47

Women

1979

 $12.66 $11.15 $10.59 $12.31 $13.64 $14.13 $13.88 $13.43 $13.11 $10.91

1980

 12.38 10.82 9.84 11.88 13.29 13.92 13.45 13.26 12.79 10.60

1981

 12.26 10.63 10.09 11.72 13.44 14.01 13.67 13.15 12.69 10.63

1982

 12.46 10.22 9.59 11.32 13.57 14.03 13.73 13.38 12.97 10.62

1983

 12.47 9.92 9.22 11.06 13.58 14.13 13.79 13.48 13.17 10.81

1984

 12.36 9.78 8.93 10.85 13.63 13.93 13.96 13.71 13.11 10.87

1985

 12.36 9.66 8.70 10.99 13.81 13.95 14.24 13.88 13.16 10.67

1986

 12.60 9.72 8.63 11.13 14.07 14.07 14.49 14.16 13.59 11.18

1987

 12.81 9.66 8.49 11.19 14.10 14.05 14.53 14.37 13.80 11.10

1988

 12.89 9.89 8.63 11.15 14.22 14.04 14.92 14.55 13.42 11.30

1989

 12.92 9.92 8.67 11.06 14.33 14.12 15.01 14.59 13.49 10.87

1990

 12.98 9.98 8.77 11.23 14.25 14.13 14.86 14.44 13.57 10.99

1991

 13.13 9.88 9.03 11.11 14.28 13.99 15.04 14.81 13.52 11.21

1992

 13.21 9.79 8.90 10.95 14.52 14.14 15.16 15.07 13.66 11.33

1993

 13.19 9.76 8.76 11.04 14.57 14.09 15.11 15.15 14.00 11.44

1994

 13.16 9.66 8.77 10.85 14.61 14.12 15.32 15.35 14.19 11.32

1995

 13.20 9.72 8.74 10.78 14.46 14.02 15.27 15.43 14.04 11.42

1996

 13.33 9.79 8.78 10.79 14.53 13.90 15.33 15.41 13.91 11.12

1997

 13.41 10.05 9.16 11.06 14.78 13.85 15.44 15.64 14.04 11.54

1998

 13.72 10.40 9.63 11.55 15.22 14.67 16.10 16.30 14.75 12.02

1999

 14.09 10.77 9.76 11.78 15.55 14.85 16.04 16.23 15.22 12.23

2000

 14.29 11.04 9.83 12.30 15.60 15.28 15.82 16.06 15.52 12.41

2001

 14.79 11.12 10.14 12.27 15.64 15.25 16.01 16.64 15.94 12.48

2002

 14.94 11.25 10.27 12.25 16.18 15.29 16.59 16.89 16.33 13.19

2003

 14.89 11.21 10.12 12.10 16.26 15.52 16.50 17.42 16.32 13.06

2004

 14.63 11.09 9.87 11.97 16.16 15.28 16.47 17.19 16.65 13.18

2005

 14.34 10.85 9.62 11.82 16.11 15.10 16.47 16.87 16.50 13.66

2006

 14.35 10.77 9.58 11.89 16.00 14.92 16.24 16.52 16.33 13.44

2007

 14.39 10.68 9.71 11.80 15.79 14.69 16.20 16.84 16.03 13.30

2008

 14.49 10.63 9.72 11.55 15.74 14.78 16.25 16.60 16.39 13.28

2009

 14.89 10.86 9.90 11.63 16.15 15.14 16.46 16.57 17.20 14.06

2010

 14.73 10.73 9.85 11.31 16.04 14.99 16.34 16.81 17.04 13.92

2011

 14.47 10.54 9.61 11.06 15.82 14.64 16.23 16.62 16.94 14.20

2012

 14.17 10.38 9.48 10.84 15.57 14.36 15.91 16.31 16.97 14.00

2013

 14.13 10.41 9.43 10.96 15.57 14.25 16.05 16.25 16.93 14.24

2014

 13.95 10.47 9.50 11.19 15.46 14.03 16.04 16.20 16.25 14.28

2015

 14.37 10.92 10.01 11.38 15.93 14.75 16.17 16.93 16.90 14.49

2016

 14.68 11.29 10.24 11.57 16.06 14.76 16.65 16.90 17.04 14.70

2017

 14.98 11.36 10.60 12.15 16.39 15.47 16.49 16.75 16.81 15.34

2018

 15.17 11.79 10.69 12.60 16.22 15.79 16.42 16.40 16.85 14.85

2019

 15.73 12.28 10.69 12.79 16.50 16.00 16.84 16.92 17.14 15.66

2020

 15.94 12.69 11.32 13.59 17.28 16.68 17.75 17.87 17.84 15.74

2021

 16.02 13.15 11.90 14.06 17.16 16.81 17.81 17.80 17.42 15.80

Men

1979

 $19.76 $13.64 $11.15 $16.22 $23.39 $22.31 $24.90 $24.83 $23.04 $12.45

1980

 19.12 12.85 10.56 15.42 22.63 21.72 24.48 24.39 22.70 11.88

1981

 18.83 12.35 10.43 14.64 22.29 21.00 23.78 24.33 22.58 12.06

1982

 18.51 11.84 9.89 13.84 21.84 20.73 24.03 24.00 22.00 12.05

1983

 17.97 11.38 9.53 13.12 21.58 20.10 23.95 23.79 22.70 12.34

1984

 17.71 11.37 9.25 12.84 21.39 19.60 23.66 24.10 22.04 12.21

1985

 17.66 11.28 9.04 12.60 21.33 19.28 23.61 24.02 21.78 12.02

1986

 17.94 11.32 9.03 12.84 21.32 18.98 23.62 24.00 22.55 12.25

1987

 17.78 11.24 9.04 13.00 20.96 18.90 23.11 23.43 22.24 12.17

1988

 17.46 11.10 9.14 12.78 20.71 18.57 22.56 23.60 21.50 12.19

1989

 17.12 10.93 9.28 12.73 20.53 18.10 22.39 23.00 21.14 12.47

1990

 16.67 10.97 9.35 12.46 19.84 17.80 21.63 22.44 20.50 12.26

1991

 16.71 10.86 9.22 12.12 19.42 17.39 21.36 22.78 19.61 12.10

1992

 16.45 10.72 9.11 11.84 19.09 17.12 20.74 22.81 19.72 12.24

1993

 16.41 10.65 9.02 11.72 18.85 16.85 20.67 22.50 20.30 12.43

1994

 16.33 10.67 9.04 11.91 18.68 16.52 20.87 21.96 20.07 12.05

1995

 16.34 10.69 9.10 12.07 18.99 16.74 21.04 21.81 19.66 12.12

1996

 16.41 10.64 9.05 12.05 18.59 16.72 20.53 21.38 19.22 12.14

1997

 16.60 10.90 9.48 12.13 18.75 16.76 20.39 21.62 19.92 11.76

1998

 16.77 11.52 9.97 12.97 19.53 17.03 20.80 21.73 20.37 12.90

1999

 16.82 11.62 10.08 13.10 19.58 17.68 20.85 22.32 19.92 12.82

2000

 17.05 12.03 10.47 13.23 19.31 17.30 20.73 21.92 20.21 13.11

2001

 17.36 12.29 10.58 13.68 19.75 17.76 21.35 21.86 19.86 13.80

2002

 17.58 12.16 10.60 13.41 19.71 17.96 21.09 21.75 20.21 14.77

2003

 17.56 12.02 10.37 13.29 19.57 17.74 20.87 22.05 20.81 14.46

2004

 17.29 11.81 10.29 13.05 19.77 17.31 21.01 21.74 20.92 14.24

2005

 16.91 11.71 10.03 12.80 19.35 16.93 20.70 21.04 20.57 13.96

2006

 17.09 11.85 10.01 13.14 19.23 17.02 20.30 21.62 20.27 14.45

2007

 16.97 11.97 10.18 13.05 19.33 16.82 19.88 21.17 20.25 14.43

2008

 16.97 11.65 10.06 12.61 18.95 16.99 20.20 21.21 20.05 14.50

2009

 17.42 11.67 10.19 12.65 19.08 16.71 20.38 21.51 20.37 15.19

2010

 17.14 11.47 10.07 12.33 18.73 16.31 19.71 21.03 20.49 14.84

2011

 16.67 11.15 9.86 11.96 18.25 15.92 19.36 20.39 20.62 15.52

2012

 16.41 11.16 9.68 11.78 17.93 15.70 18.97 20.08 20.43 15.40

2013

 16.32 11.27 9.76 11.66 17.80 15.64 18.89 20.01 20.14 15.01

2014

 16.48 11.33 9.89 11.63 18.05 16.13 18.96 19.94 20.00 16.01

2015

 16.78 11.48 10.26 12.17 18.15 16.21 18.86 20.08 20.58 16.19

2016

 16.88 11.56 10.70 12.58 18.34 16.74 19.41 20.35 20.37 16.68

2017

 16.80 12.14 10.92 13.13 18.78 16.74 19.77 20.71 20.55 16.50

2018

 17.27 12.66 10.95 13.14 19.16 17.12 19.89 20.49 21.10 16.07

2019

 17.75 12.92 11.19 13.90 19.12 17.62 20.30 20.38 20.97 16.75

2020

 18.59 13.70 12.15 14.74 20.08 18.39 21.05 22.04 21.10 17.54

2021

 18.05 14.18 12.25 14.93 19.84 18.18 20.07 20.74 21.00 17.64

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2021 annual averages [In constant 2021 dollars]
Year Total,
16 years
and
older		 White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979

 $15.52 $15.77 $14.37 - $14.27

1980

 15.11 15.30 13.92 - 13.92

1981

 14.76 14.84 14.04 - 13.78

1982

 14.59 14.78 13.68 - 13.54

1983

 14.52 14.70 13.38 - 13.22

1984

 14.50 14.68 13.33 - 13.11

1985

 14.53 14.70 13.25 - 13.18

1986

 14.66 14.85 13.71 - 13.36

1987

 14.81 15.01 13.71 - 13.32

1988

 14.86 15.03 13.58 - 13.13

1989

 14.78 14.97 13.59 - 12.83

1990

 14.58 14.78 13.73 - 12.66

1991

 14.59 14.81 13.62 - 12.57

1992

 14.65 14.84 13.40 - 12.62

1993

 14.57 14.76 13.30 - 12.65

1994

 14.54 14.72 13.23 - 12.58

1995

 14.46 14.73 13.56 - 12.39

1996

 14.48 14.78 13.38 - 12.36

1997

 14.78 15.00 13.53 - 12.48

1998

 15.17 15.37 13.98 - 13.20

1999

 15.55 15.89 14.44 - 13.16

2000

 15.63 15.71 14.73 $15.88 13.47

2001

 15.63 15.74 15.00 16.49 13.90

2002

 15.82 16.18 15.00 15.65 13.93

2003

 16.03 16.20 14.99 16.43 14.42

2004

 15.83 16.01 14.66 15.97 14.12

2005

 15.56 15.97 14.14 16.70 13.84

2006

 15.85 15.98 14.37 16.89 13.64

2007

 15.66 15.83 14.27 16.02 13.42

2008

 15.42 15.81 14.12 16.41 13.83

2009

 15.75 16.03 14.73 16.66 13.97

2010

 15.57 15.87 14.66 16.46 13.55

2011

 15.35 15.59 14.24 16.12 13.35

2012

 15.13 15.41 14.00 15.64 13.14

2013

 15.07 15.33 13.87 15.87 13.11

2014

 15.05 15.54 13.61 16.04 13.55

2015

 15.38 15.87 13.80 16.24 13.78

2016

 15.80 16.07 14.10 16.69 14.32

2017

 16.17 16.45 14.25 16.64 14.54

2018

 16.17 16.35 14.71 16.44 15.09

2019

 16.26 16.79 15.53 17.09 15.74

2020

 17.13 17.57 15.88 18.06 15.92

2021

 17.02 17.22 15.81 17.89 16.05

Women

1979

 $12.66 $12.66 $12.41 - $12.03

1980

 12.38 12.41 12.16 - 11.85

1981

 12.26 12.26 12.01 - 11.75

1982

 12.46 12.46 12.14 - 11.70

1983

 12.47 12.49 12.26 - 11.48

1984

 12.36 12.39 12.11 - 11.57

1985

 12.36 12.39 12.14 - 11.61

1986

 12.60 12.65 12.22 - 11.82

1987

 12.81 12.86 12.36 - 11.69

1988

 12.89 12.94 12.38 - 11.66

1989

 12.92 12.96 12.43 - 11.69

1990

 12.98 13.02 12.56 - 11.69

1991

 13.13 13.15 12.74 - 11.63

1992

 13.21 13.26 12.60 - 11.71

1993

 13.19 13.26 12.72 - 11.69

1994

 13.16 13.32 12.58 - 11.62

1995

 13.20 13.35 12.60 - 11.68

1996

 13.33 13.43 12.41 - 11.67

1997

 13.41 13.51 12.82 - 11.52

1998

 13.72 13.88 13.17 - 12.03

1999

 14.09 14.24 13.26 - 12.17

2000

 14.29 14.34 13.97 $15.41 12.44

2001

 14.79 14.92 14.03 15.44 12.70

2002

 14.94 15.02 14.27 15.26 12.90

2003

 14.89 14.93 14.64 15.78 13.12

2004

 14.63 14.69 14.29 15.21 13.01

2005

 14.34 14.60 13.81 16.19 12.77

2006

 14.35 14.51 13.63 16.11 12.80

2007

 14.39 14.50 13.70 15.50 12.84

2008

 14.49 14.75 13.59 15.45 12.70

2009

 14.89 14.97 13.94 16.04 12.77

2010

 14.73 14.79 13.95 15.45 12.59

2011

 14.47 14.55 13.62 15.46 12.38

2012

 14.17 14.28 13.27 15.07 12.07

2013

 14.13 14.23 13.45 15.20 12.23

2014

 13.95 14.18 13.25 15.15 12.28

2015

 14.37 14.67 13.39 15.79 12.68

2016

 14.68 14.90 13.65 15.88 13.31

2017

 14.98 15.33 13.87 15.72 13.36

2018

 15.17 15.39 14.05 16.13 13.81

2019

 15.73 15.82 14.83 16.20 14.56

2020

 15.94 16.03 15.65 17.34 15.37

2021

 16.02 16.11 15.22 16.84 15.15

Men

1979

 $19.76 $20.24 $17.10 - $16.75

1980

 19.12 19.53 16.24 - 15.77

1981

 18.83 19.23 16.65 - 15.39

1982

 18.51 18.86 16.14 - 15.49

1983

 17.97 18.36 15.48 - 15.09

1984

 17.71 18.06 15.32 - 15.02

1985

 17.66 18.27 14.82 - 14.63

1986

 17.94 18.39 15.53 - 14.63

1987

 17.78 18.15 15.42 - 14.58

1988

 17.46 17.79 15.32 - 14.37

1989

 17.12 17.51 14.95 - 14.08

1990

 16.67 17.24 14.86 - 13.59

1991

 16.71 17.16 14.73 - 13.39

1992

 16.45 16.87 14.46 - 13.26

1993

 16.41 16.80 14.20 - 13.19

1994

 16.33 16.72 14.37 - 13.01

1995

 16.34 17.03 14.44 - 12.85

1996

 16.41 16.88 14.10 - 13.14

1997

 16.60 16.82 14.65 - 13.34

1998

 16.77 16.97 15.15 - 13.73

1999

 16.82 17.31 15.94 - 14.05

2000

 17.05 17.27 15.74 $17.02 14.26

2001

 17.36 17.81 15.61 18.16 14.83

2002

 17.58 17.92 15.47 16.65 14.98

2003

 17.56 17.77 15.97 17.56 14.82

2004

 17.29 17.50 15.65 17.12 14.42

2005

 16.91 17.34 15.16 17.73 14.17

2006

 17.09 17.36 15.39 17.76 14.61

2007

 16.97 17.33 15.16 17.33 14.51

2008

 16.97 17.47 15.12 17.69 14.92

2009

 17.42 17.66 15.53 17.73 15.09

2010

 17.14 17.40 15.14 17.57 14.61

2011

 16.67 16.93 14.57 17.21 14.26

2012

 16.41 16.75 14.42 16.73 14.14

2013

 16.32 16.60 14.17 16.60 13.97

2014

 16.48 17.02 13.99 16.79 14.18

2015

 16.78 17.08 14.49 17.01 14.78

2016

 16.88 17.08 14.74 16.98 15.61

2017

 16.80 17.45 14.74 18.40 15.88

2018

 17.27 17.83 15.34 18.00 16.19

2019

 17.75 18.11 15.87 18.24 16.15

2020

 18.59 18.83 16.63 18.89 17.01

2021

 18.05 18.48 16.12 19.05 17.03

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979–2021 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year Total,
16 years
and older		 16 to 24 years 25 years and older
Total 16 to 19
years		 20 to 24
years		 Total 25 to 34
years		 35 to 44
years		 45 to 54
years		 55 to 64
years		 65 years
and older

Total

1979

 $241 $172 $144 $186 $265 $255 $280 $276 $262 $198

1980

 262 187 154 200 286 276 302 298 285 203

1981

 284 200 161 213 308 296 326 320 309 222

1982

 302 208 164 220 327 311 354 345 325 253

1983

 313 211 164 223 343 321 370 367 346 261

1984

 326 217 169 231 362 335 389 385 366 272

1985

 344 224 174 240 379 349 406 400 381 297

1986

 359 232 178 248 391 360 419 416 397 298

1987

 374 243 186 259 403 373 435 429 405 310

1988

 385 249 196 266 414 383 450 453 419 323

1989

 399 259 204 276 427 394 472 472 431 334

1990

 412 269 209 285 449 407 486 489 457 343

1991

 426 277 213 291 467 415 498 507 469 381

1992

 440 276 212 290 479 422 503 522 483 378

1993

 459 282 214 297 491 436 517 542 492 393

1994

 467 286 221 300 500 439 537 566 501 384

1995

 479 292 231 306 510 451 550 582 514 389

1996

 490 298 240 312 520 463 559 594 535 384

1997

 503 306 252 321 540 481 579 607 558 393

1998

 523 319 268 339 572 502 597 620 592 405

1999

 549 341 281 363 592 518 611 652 604 404

2000

 576 361 297 383 609 549 625 669 620 463

2001

 596 375 305 394 630 576 657 693 638 488

2002

 608 381 305 399 646 591 668 706 674 502

2003

 620 387 311 402 662 594 687 723 708 516

2004

 638 390 309 406 683 604 713 743 725 560

2005

 651 397 318 411 696 610 731 748 742 569

2006

 671 409 324 423 718 621 748 773 765 583

2007

 695 424 337 450 738 643 769 790 803 605

2008

 722 443 349 467 761 666 804 822 825 644

2009

 739 442 344 464 774 678 817 838 841 684

2010

 747 432 347 454 782 682 824 844 860 684

2011

 756 440 352 457 797 693 837 866 881 742

2012

 768 444 356 464 815 707 858 878 897 757

2013

 776 454 373 472 827 708 874 883 904 801

2014

 791 477 378 491 839 726 881 899 911 824

2015

 809 487 389 501 860 735 900 923 927 873

2016

 832 501 405 513 885 751 934 955 952 866

2017

 860 519 424 540 907 773 964 977 974 909

2018

 886 548 449 576 932 808 986 1,002 994 944

2019

 917 581 481 598 969 846 1,035 1,033 1,017 936

2020

 984 606 497 624 1,029 904 1,106 1,129 1,096 999

2021

 998 623 527 645 1,057 931 1,131 1,154 1,132 994

Women

1979

 $182 $154 $132 $161 $195 $199 $196 $192 $189 $170

1980

 201 167 145 175 213 218 214 209 205 175

1981

 219 180 154 191 233 239 238 225 222 189

1982

 239 192 158 201 255 258 258 252 245 211

1983

 252 198 158 207 268 272 272 264 257 212

1984

 265 203 162 213 283 285 292 279 270 219

1985

 277 211 166 221 296 296 307 292 285 242

1986

 291 219 170 231 308 306 319 308 296 256

1987

 303 227 172 242 321 316 337 324 308 261

1988

 315 235 184 251 335 327 354 339 317 280

1989

 328 246 197 260 351 340 370 357 333 292

1990

 346 254 198 269 369 356 390 377 348 300

1991

 366 266 205 280 387 371 407 398 363 319

1992

 380 267 205 280 400 382 418 417 376 328

1993

 393 273 205 289 415 395 435 440 395 335

1994

 399 276 211 290 421 397 448 450 398 336

1995

 406 275 215 291 428 403 453 464 403 353

1996

 418 284 223 298 444 415 463 481 420 334

1997

 431 292 240 306 462 427 482 495 433 348

1998

 456 305 249 319 485 451 498 516 476 350

1999

 473 324 266 343 497 470 503 534 492 370

2000

 493 344 283 366 516 493 521 564 508 392

2001

 512 353 288 375 543 512 547 587 536 390

2002

 529 367 295 385 568 530 571 602 574 430

2003

 552 371 299 387 584 546 590 609 601 435

2004

 573 375 293 391 599 561 608 625 615 478

2005

 585 381 304 396 612 573 621 644 639 492

2006

 600 395 305 413 627 583 645 659 658 510

2007

 614 409 318 426 646 597 668 677 679 534

2008

 638 420 322 445 670 623 682 707 711 563

2009

 657 424 323 445 687 634 709 712 727 602

2010

 669 422 336 439 704 648 731 730 736 601

2011

 684 421 328 438 718 662 734 744 749 664

2012

 691 416 330 429 727 666 747 746 766 667

2013

 706 423 350 442 740 665 767 761 779 691

2014

 719 451 357 468 752 679 781 780 780 740

2015

 726 450 364 468 761 690 804 799 784 740

2016

 749 486 388 500 784 705 839 836 812 749

2017

 770 499 402 514 810 724 860 855 856 782

2018

 789 522 421 546 830 750 876 876 853 811

2019

 821 540 427 563 865 788 920 904 880 815

2020

 891 589 464 606 929 852 978 977 955 897

2021

 912 605 499 619 954 881 992 1,012 976 867

Men

1979

 $292 $196 $155 $211 $314 $295 $336 $338 $312 $219

1980

 313 208 162 224 339 314 367 367 345 229

1981

 340 218 168 237 372 340 397 396 377 266

1982

 364 225 170 244 393 358 422 419 399 300

1983

 379 223 168 242 407 371 442 444 416 308

1984

 392 231 174 250 422 382 471 470 439 328

1985

 407 241 183 258 443 394 487 489 467 367

1986

 419 246 186 264 463 402 499 506 484 358

1987

 434 257 196 275 477 412 510 520 495 380

1988

 449 262 205 279 487 421 517 549 509 395

1989

 468 271 209 290 500 434 542 569 521 393

1990

 481 282 218 298 512 449 560 591 546 403

1991

 493 285 219 300 523 458 576 612 563 467

1992

 501 284 218 297 536 466 581 634 579 421

1993

 510 288 221 303 555 476 596 653 586 451

1994

 522 294 228 307 576 479 617 671 603 441

1995

 538 303 244 315 588 490 624 685 623 441

1996

 557 307 251 321 599 499 632 698 643 477

1997

 579 317 262 338 615 515 651 713 669 452

1998

 598 334 281 357 639 544 677 732 699 482

1999

 618 356 291 379 668 577 702 763 725 470

2000

 641 375 306 395 693 598 728 771 735 522

2001

 670 391 319 408 720 617 754 799 760 565

2002

 679 391 312 410 732 627 759 807 802 583

2003

 695 398 321 412 744 628 775 834 827 612

2004

 713 400 318 417 762 639 804 857 843 641

2005

 722 409 330 422 771 644 822 853 855 644

2006

 743 418 348 435 797 661 836 897 902 658

2007

 766 443 357 472 823 687 873 909 933 686

2008

 798 461 369 481 857 704 915 944 943 753

2009

 819 458 356 479 873 715 916 967 965 791

2010

 824 443 355 468 874 714 915 954 979 794

2011

 832 455 370 470 886 717 935 979 997 821

2012

 854 468 373 482 910 738 957 994 1,005 860

2013

 860 479 390 492 912 744 956 994 1,011 937

2014

 871 493 392 507 922 755 964 1,011 1,021 942

2015

 895 510 407 522 947 770 983 1,040 1,064 1,003

2016

 915 512 419 523 969 794 1,007 1,075 1,102 992

2017

 941 547 459 570 996 821 1,062 1,103 1,098 1,016

2018

 973 575 471 592 1,026 862 1,101 1,137 1,137 1,050

2019

 1,007 607 506 623 1,070 897 1,149 1,169 1,166 1,066

2020

 1,082 622 513 648 1,144 952 1,205 1,260 1,228 1,115

2021

 1,097 650 563 671 1,160 972 1,241 1,295 1,256 1,129

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2021 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year Total,
16 years
and older		 White Black or
African
American		 Asian Hispanic
or
Latino ethnicity

Total

1979

 $241 $248 $199 - $194

1980

 262 269 212 - 209

1981

 284 291 235 - 223

1982

 302 310 245 - 240

1983

 313 320 261 - 250

1984

 326 336 269 - 259

1985

 344 356 277 - 270

1986

 359 371 291 - 277

1987

 374 384 301 - 285

1988

 385 395 314 - 290

1989

 399 409 319 - 298

1990

 412 424 329 - 304

1991

 426 442 348 - 312

1992

 440 458 357 - 321

1993

 459 475 369 - 331

1994

 467 484 371 - 324

1995

 479 494 383 - 329

1996

 490 506 387 - 339

1997

 503 519 400 - 351

1998

 523 545 426 - 370

1999

 549 573 445 - 385

2000

 576 590 474 $615 399

2001

 596 610 491 639 417

2002

 608 623 498 658 424

2003

 620 636 514 693 440

2004

 638 657 525 708 456

2005

 651 672 520 753 471

2006

 671 690 554 784 486

2007

 695 716 569 830 503

2008

 722 742 589 861 529

2009

 739 757 601 880 541

2010

 747 765 611 855 535

2011

 756 775 615 866 549

2012

 768 792 621 920 568

2013

 776 802 629 942 578

2014

 791 816 639 953 594

2015

 809 835 641 993 604

2016

 832 862 678 1,021 624

2017

 860 890 682 1,043 655

2018

 886 916 694 1,095 680

2019

 917 945 735 1,174 706

2020

 984 1,003 794 1,310 758

2021

 998 1,018 801 1,328 777

Women

1979

 $182 $184 $169 - $157

1980

 201 203 185 - 172

1981

 219 221 206 - 190

1982

 239 242 217 - 203

1983

 252 254 232 - 215

1984

 265 268 241 - 223

1985

 277 281 252 - 230

1986

 291 294 264 - 241

1987

 303 307 276 - 251

1988

 315 318 288 - 260

1989

 328 334 301 - 269

1990

 346 353 308 - 278

1991

 366 373 323 - 292

1992

 380 387 335 - 302

1993

 393 401 348 - 313

1994

 399 408 346 - 305

1995

 406 415 355 - 305

1996

 418 428 362 - 316

1997

 431 444 375 - 318

1998

 456 468 400 - 337

1999

 473 483 409 - 348

2000

 493 502 429 $547 366

2001

 512 522 454 563 388

2002

 529 547 473 566 397

2003

 552 567 491 598 410

2004

 573 584 505 613 419

2005

 585 596 499 665 429

2006

 600 609 519 699 440

2007

 614 626 533 731 473

2008

 638 654 554 753 501

2009

 657 669 582 779 509

2010

 669 684 592 773 508

2011

 684 703 595 751 518

2012

 691 710 599 770 521

2013

 706 722 606 819 541

2014

 719 734 611 841 548

2015

 726 743 615 877 566

2016

 749 766 641 902 586

2017

 770 795 657 903 603

2018

 789 817 654 937 617

2019

 821 840 704 1,025 642

2020

 891 905 764 1,143 705

2021

 912 925 776 1,141 718

Men

1979

 $292 $298 $227 - $219

1980

 313 320 244 - 234

1981

 340 350 268 - 251

1982

 364 375 278 - 269

1983

 379 387 294 - 274

1984

 392 401 303 - 287

1985

 407 418 305 - 296

1986

 419 433 319 - 299

1987

 434 450 327 - 306

1988

 449 465 348 - 308

1989

 468 482 348 - 315

1990

 481 494 361 - 318

1991

 493 506 375 - 323

1992

 501 514 380 - 339

1993

 510 524 392 - 346

1994

 522 547 400 - 343

1995

 538 566 411 - 350

1996

 557 580 412 - 356

1997

 579 595 432 - 371

1998

 598 615 468 - 390

1999

 618 638 488 - 406

2000

 641 662 510 $685 417

2001

 670 689 529 732 440

2002

 679 702 524 756 451

2003

 695 715 555 772 464

2004

 713 732 569 802 480

2005

 722 743 559 825 489

2006

 743 761 591 882 505

2007

 766 788 600 936 520

2008

 798 825 620 966 559

2009

 819 845 621 952 569

2010

 824 850 633 936 560

2011

 832 856 653 970 571

2012

 854 879 665 1,055 592

2013

 860 884 664 1,059 594

2014

 871 897 680 1,080 616

2015

 895 920 680 1,129 631

2016

 915 942 718 1,151 663

2017

 941 971 710 1,207 690

2018

 973 1,002 735 1,241 720

2019

 1,007 1,036 769 1,336 747

2020

 1,082 1,110 830 1,447 797

2021

 1,097 1,125 825 1,453 820

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979–2021 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

Total

1979

 $265 $210 $249 $282 $344

1980

 286 222 266 304 376

1981

 308 240 286 324 407

1982

 327 248 302 351 438

1983

 343 256 311 363 461

1984

 362 263 323 382 486

1985

 379 270 333 399 506

1986

 391 278 344 409 525

1987

 403 284 356 421 564

1988

 414 288 368 430 585

1989

 427 297 375 452 609

1990

 449 303 386 476 638

1991

 467 307 397 489 666

1992

 479 311 403 484 696

1993

 491 314 415 494 715

1994

 500 307 421 499 733

1995

 510 309 432 508 747

1996

 520 317 443 518 758

1997

 540 321 461 535 779

1998

 572 337 479 558 821

1999

 592 346 490 580 860

2000

 609 362 505 596 891

2001

 630 382 520 617 921

2002

 646 388 535 629 941

2003

 662 396 554 639 964

2004

 683 401 574 661 986

2005

 696 409 583 670 1,013

2006

 718 419 595 692 1,039

2007

 738 428 604 704 1,072

2008

 761 453 618 722 1,115

2009

 774 454 626 726 1,137

2010

 782 444 626 734 1,144

2011

 797 451 638 739 1,150

2012

 815 471 652 749 1,165

2013

 827 472 651 748 1,194

2014

 839 488 668 761 1,193

2015

 860 493 678 762 1,230

2016

 885 504 692 779 1,259

2017

 907 520 712 798 1,279

2018

 932 553 730 826 1,324

2019

 969 592 746 856 1,367

2020

 1,029 619 781 903 1,421

2021

 1,057 626 809 925 1,452

Women

1979

 $195 $152 $185 $211 $264

1980

 213 164 201 231 290

1981

 233 175 217 255 318

1982

 255 184 236 274 346

1983

 268 195 246 288 369

1984

 283 200 259 305 390

1985

 296 202 268 317 414

1986

 308 208 277 330 436

1987

 321 214 288 347 466

1988

 335 221 298 360 485

1989

 351 231 304 379 507

1990

 369 240 315 395 535

1991

 387 250 328 409 562

1992

 400 256 337 407 594

1993

 415 263 347 422 611

1994

 421 257 351 423 634

1995

 428 262 356 427 644

1996

 444 268 365 442 657

1997

 462 275 378 459 672

1998

 485 283 396 476 707

1999

 497 290 405 488 740

2000

 516 304 420 505 756

2001

 543 316 443 520 786

2002

 568 325 458 543 809

2003

 584 329 474 560 832

2004

 599 334 488 577 860

2005

 612 341 493 587 883

2006

 627 358 500 602 905

2007

 646 369 512 609 932

2008

 670 378 520 628 955

2009

 687 382 542 630 970

2010

 704 388 543 638 986

2011

 718 395 554 645 998

2012

 727 386 561 659 1,001

2013

 740 400 573 657 1,043

2014

 752 409 578 661 1,049

2015

 761 418 586 664 1,064

2016

 784 423 599 688 1,101

2017

 810 447 610 700 1,131

2018

 830 469 616 717 1,145

2019

 865 494 633 737 1,195

2020

 929 525 671 779 1,239

2021

 954 550 698 803 1,272

Men

1979

 $314 $252 $308 $329 $396

1980

 339 267 327 358 427

1981

 372 286 356 389 475

1982

 393 293 374 411 503

1983

 407 301 388 422 518

1984

 422 308 399 446 562

1985

 443 314 407 472 590

1986

 463 321 416 485 618

1987

 477 324 423 497 653

1988

 487 332 437 503 679

1989

 500 346 450 517 705

1990

 512 349 459 542 741

1991

 523 349 470 563 764

1992

 536 351 479 555 791

1993

 555 356 487 572 806

1994

 576 342 496 587 826

1995

 588 347 507 596 845

1996

 599 357 516 604 874

1997

 615 365 535 621 896

1998

 639 383 559 643 939

1999

 668 395 580 665 977

2000

 693 406 591 691 1,020

2001

 720 419 609 723 1,067

2002

 732 421 617 731 1,090

2003

 744 429 628 740 1,131

2004

 762 446 645 761 1,143

2005

 771 455 652 766 1,167

2006

 797 469 678 796 1,205

2007

 823 481 689 810 1,243

2008

 857 497 709 830 1,285

2009

 873 500 716 835 1,327

2010

 874 486 710 845 1,330

2011

 886 488 720 840 1,332

2012

 910 508 735 857 1,371

2013

 912 500 732 858 1,395

2014

 922 517 751 872 1,385

2015

 947 520 759 883 1,420

2016

 969 551 769 896 1,464

2017

 996 584 797 917 1,481

2018

 1,026 607 819 951 1,524

2019

 1,070 644 844 991 1,573

2020

 1,144 674 881 1,027 1,644

2021

 1,160 684 904 1,047 1,661

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979–2021 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year Total,
16 years
and
older		 16 to 24 years 25 years and older
Total 16 to 19
years		 20 to 24
years		 Total 25 to 34
years		 35 to 44
years		 45 to 54
years		 55 to 64
years		 65 years
and
older

Total

1979

 $4.44 $3.49 $3.10 $4.02 $5.11 $5.20 $5.29 $5.16 $4.97 $3.23

1980

 4.82 3.71 3.22 4.29 5.55 5.66 5.76 5.65 5.39 3.56

1981

 5.15 3.97 3.58 4.61 5.99 6.09 6.20 6.01 5.81 3.92

1982

 5.40 4.05 3.60 4.66 6.28 6.35 6.61 6.42 6.11 4.12

1983

 5.59 4.08 3.61 4.69 6.55 6.50 6.91 6.73 6.41 4.40

1984

 5.83 4.18 3.65 4.82 6.84 6.77 7.17 7.08 6.62 4.63

1985

 6.03 4.26 3.67 4.94 7.05 6.92 7.49 7.37 6.91 4.74

1986

 6.20 4.41 3.71 5.06 7.23 7.01 7.79 7.73 7.17 4.97

1987

 6.47 4.59 3.81 5.21 7.46 7.19 7.94 7.86 7.42 5.08

1988

 6.73 4.79 4.03 5.38 7.74 7.43 8.17 8.16 7.48 5.23

1989

 6.99 4.95 4.22 5.65 7.94 7.64 8.56 8.42 7.82 5.42

1990

 7.23 5.16 4.49 5.91 8.16 7.90 8.82 8.79 8.02 5.75

1991

 7.50 5.26 4.69 6.00 8.48 8.04 9.17 9.11 8.19 5.94

1992

 7.72 5.37 4.73 6.03 8.73 8.17 9.38 9.52 8.48 6.14

1993

 7.87 5.51 4.80 6.15 8.95 8.27 9.61 9.86 8.90 6.39

1994

 8.01 5.62 4.91 6.22 9.12 8.38 9.92 10.02 9.02 6.39

1995

 8.17 5.80 5.04 6.42 9.36 8.71 10.02 10.13 9.20 6.65

1996

 8.40 5.94 5.17 6.69 9.62 8.82 10.14 10.24 9.39 6.77

1997

 8.75 6.15 5.51 6.91 9.87 9.04 10.36 10.60 9.73 6.89

1998

 9.10 6.58 5.88 7.24 10.13 9.65 10.86 10.96 10.08 7.40

1999

 9.53 6.87 6.08 7.74 10.47 9.98 11.02 11.33 10.38 7.70

2000

 9.91 7.24 6.41 8.07 10.88 10.18 11.35 11.82 10.82 8.05

2001

 10.19 7.69 6.76 8.38 11.40 10.67 11.97 12.17 11.37 8.53

2002

 10.47 7.81 6.91 8.47 11.83 10.98 12.18 12.46 11.85 9.07

2003

 10.85 7.90 6.93 8.66 12.05 11.25 12.46 12.97 12.19 9.19

2004

 11.00 7.98 7.00 8.78 12.23 11.37 12.89 13.23 12.58 9.62

2005

 11.19 8.07 7.05 8.91 12.48 11.76 13.11 13.48 12.95 9.93

2006

 11.76 8.24 7.23 9.16 12.94 11.95 13.49 14.03 13.33 10.15

2007

 11.95 8.65 7.57 9.66 13.16 12.05 13.93 14.39 13.71 10.37

2008

 12.23 8.87 7.84 9.76 13.81 12.50 14.38 14.87 14.20 10.89

2009

 12.44 8.90 7.92 9.77 13.91 12.60 14.59 14.85 14.70 11.49

2010

 12.50 8.90 8.00 9.53 13.98 12.53 14.61 14.98 14.89 11.55

2011

 12.71 8.97 8.06 9.61 14.12 12.71 14.83 15.00 15.07 12.19

2012

 12.80 9.05 8.10 9.70 14.25 12.82 14.86 15.07 15.39 12.21

2013

 12.93 9.16 8.19 9.83 14.50 12.88 14.98 15.17 15.62 12.47

2014

 13.14 9.55 8.43 9.98 14.80 13.13 15.11 15.39 15.36 13.02

2015

 13.44 9.85 8.85 10.14 14.91 13.60 15.16 15.84 15.91 13.08

2016

 14.00 10.12 9.20 10.79 15.13 14.00 15.77 16.29 16.20 13.77

2017

 14.63 10.68 9.79 11.35 15.65 14.83 16.10 16.72 16.82 14.32

2018

 14.99 11.16 10.03 11.96 16.11 15.10 16.94 17.02 17.26 14.35

2019

 15.35 11.94 10.21 12.54 16.87 15.90 17.52 17.52 17.85 15.03

2020

 16.36 12.69 11.07 13.50 17.86 16.85 18.52 18.90 18.60 15.84

2021

 17.02 13.80 12.06 14.76 18.22 17.65 18.97 19.12 19.21 16.47

Women

1979

 $3.62 $3.19 $3.03 $3.52 $3.90 $4.04 $3.97 $3.84 $3.75 $3.12

1980

 3.95 3.45 3.14 3.79 4.24 4.44 4.29 4.23 4.08 3.38

1981

 4.28 3.71 3.52 4.09 4.69 4.89 4.77 4.59 4.43 3.71

1982

 4.61 3.78 3.55 4.19 5.02 5.19 5.08 4.95 4.80 3.93

1983

 4.80 3.82 3.55 4.26 5.23 5.44 5.31 5.19 5.07 4.16

1984

 4.97 3.93 3.59 4.36 5.48 5.60 5.61 5.51 5.27 4.37

1985

 5.13 4.01 3.61 4.56 5.73 5.79 5.91 5.76 5.46 4.43

1986

 5.33 4.11 3.65 4.71 5.95 5.95 6.13 5.99 5.75 4.73

1987

 5.60 4.22 3.71 4.89 6.16 6.14 6.35 6.28 6.03 4.85

1988

 5.84 4.48 3.91 5.05 6.44 6.36 6.76 6.59 6.08 5.12

1989

 6.11 4.69 4.10 5.23 6.78 6.68 7.10 6.90 6.38 5.14

1990

 6.44 4.95 4.35 5.57 7.07 7.01 7.37 7.16 6.73 5.45

1991

 6.75 5.08 4.64 5.71 7.34 7.19 7.73 7.61 6.95 5.76

1992

 6.96 5.16 4.69 5.77 7.65 7.45 7.99 7.94 7.20 5.97

1993

 7.12 5.27 4.73 5.96 7.87 7.61 8.16 8.18 7.56 6.18

1994

 7.25 5.32 4.83 5.98 8.05 7.78 8.44 8.46 7.82 6.24

1995

 7.46 5.49 4.94 6.09 8.17 7.92 8.63 8.72 7.93 6.45

1996

 7.73 5.68 5.09 6.26 8.43 8.06 8.89 8.94 8.07 6.45

1997

 7.94 5.95 5.42 6.55 8.75 8.20 9.14 9.26 8.31 6.83

1998

 8.23 6.24 5.78 6.93 9.13 8.80 9.66 9.78 8.85 7.21

1999

 8.64 6.60 5.98 7.22 9.53 9.10 9.83 9.95 9.33 7.50

2000

 9.06 7.00 6.23 7.80 9.89 9.69 10.03 10.18 9.84 7.87

2001

 9.64 7.25 6.61 8.00 10.20 9.94 10.44 10.85 10.39 8.14

2002

 9.89 7.45 6.80 8.11 10.71 10.12 10.98 11.18 10.81 8.73

2003

 10.08 7.59 6.85 8.19 11.01 10.51 11.17 11.79 11.05 8.84

2004

 10.17 7.71 6.86 8.32 11.23 10.62 11.45 11.95 11.57 9.16

2005

 10.31 7.80 6.92 8.50 11.58 10.86 11.84 12.13 11.86 9.82

2006

 10.65 7.99 7.11 8.82 11.87 11.07 12.05 12.26 12.12 9.97

2007

 10.98 8.15 7.41 9.00 12.05 11.21 12.36 12.85 12.23 10.15

2008

 11.49 8.43 7.71 9.16 12.48 11.72 12.89 13.16 13.00 10.53

2009

 11.76 8.58 7.82 9.19 12.76 11.96 13.00 13.09 13.59 11.11

2010

 11.83 8.62 7.91 9.08 12.88 12.04 13.12 13.50 13.68 11.18

2011

 11.98 8.73 7.96 9.16 13.10 12.12 13.44 13.76 14.03 11.76

2012

 11.99 8.78 8.02 9.17 13.17 12.15 13.46 13.80 14.36 11.84

2013

 12.12 8.93 8.09 9.40 13.36 12.23 13.77 13.94 14.53 12.22

2014

 12.18 9.14 8.29 9.77 13.50 12.25 14.00 14.14 14.19 12.47

2015

 12.56 9.54 8.75 9.95 13.92 12.89 14.13 14.80 14.77 12.66

2016

 13.01 10.00 9.07 10.25 14.23 13.08 14.75 14.97 15.10 13.02

2017

 13.56 10.28 9.59 11.00 14.83 14.00 14.92 15.16 15.21 13.88

2018

 14.06 10.93 9.91 11.68 15.04 14.64 15.22 15.20 15.62 13.77

2019

 14.85 11.59 10.09 12.07 15.58 15.10 15.90 15.97 16.18 14.78

2020

 15.22 12.12 10.81 12.98 16.50 15.93 16.95 17.07 17.04 15.03

2021

 16.02 13.15 11.90 14.06 17.16 16.81 17.81 17.80 17.42 15.80

Men

1979

 $5.65 $3.90 $3.19 $4.64 $6.69 $6.38 $7.12 $7.10 $6.59 $3.56

1980

 6.10 4.10 3.37 4.92 7.22 6.93 7.81 7.78 7.24 3.79

1981

 6.57 4.31 3.64 5.11 7.78 7.33 8.30 8.49 7.88 4.21

1982

 6.85 4.38 3.66 5.12 8.08 7.67 8.89 8.88 8.14 4.46

1983

 6.92 4.38 3.67 5.05 8.31 7.74 9.22 9.16 8.74 4.75

1984

 7.12 4.57 3.72 5.16 8.60 7.88 9.51 9.69 8.86 4.91

1985

 7.33 4.68 3.75 5.23 8.85 8.00 9.80 9.97 9.04 4.99

1986

 7.59 4.79 3.82 5.43 9.02 8.03 9.99 10.15 9.54 5.18

1987

 7.77 4.91 3.95 5.68 9.16 8.26 10.10 10.24 9.72 5.32

1988

 7.91 5.03 4.14 5.79 9.38 8.41 10.22 10.69 9.74 5.52

1989

 8.10 5.17 4.39 6.02 9.71 8.56 10.59 10.88 10.00 5.90

1990

 8.27 5.44 4.64 6.18 9.84 8.83 10.73 11.13 10.17 6.08

1991

 8.59 5.58 4.74 6.23 9.98 8.94 10.98 11.71 10.08 6.22

1992

 8.67 5.65 4.80 6.24 10.06 9.02 10.93 12.02 10.39 6.45

1993

 8.86 5.75 4.87 6.33 10.18 9.10 11.16 12.15 10.96 6.71

1994

 9.00 5.88 4.98 6.56 10.29 9.10 11.50 12.10 11.06 6.64

1995

 9.23 6.04 5.14 6.82 10.73 9.46 11.89 12.32 11.11 6.85

1996

 9.52 6.17 5.25 6.99 10.78 9.70 11.91 12.40 11.15 7.04

1997

 9.83 6.45 5.61 7.18 11.10 9.92 12.07 12.80 11.79 6.96

1998

 10.06 6.91 5.98 7.78 11.72 10.22 12.48 13.04 12.22 7.74

1999

 10.31 7.12 6.18 8.03 12.00 10.84 12.78 13.68 12.21 7.86

2000

 10.81 7.63 6.64 8.39 12.24 10.97 13.14 13.90 12.81 8.31

2001

 11.32 8.01 6.90 8.92 12.88 11.58 13.92 14.25 12.95 9.00

2002

 11.64 8.05 7.02 8.88 13.05 11.89 13.96 14.40 13.38 9.78

2003

 11.89 8.14 7.02 9.00 13.25 12.01 14.13 14.93 14.09 9.79

2004

 12.02 8.21 7.15 9.07 13.74 12.03 14.60 15.11 14.54 9.90

2005

 12.16 8.42 7.21 9.20 13.91 12.17 14.88 15.13 14.79 10.04

2006

 12.68 8.79 7.43 9.75 14.27 12.63 15.06 16.04 15.04 10.72

2007

 12.95 9.13 7.77 9.96 14.75 12.83 15.17 16.15 15.45 11.01

2008

 13.46 9.24 7.98 10.00 15.03 13.47 16.02 16.82 15.90 11.50

2009

 13.76 9.22 8.05 9.99 15.07 13.20 16.10 16.99 16.09 12.00

2010

 13.76 9.21 8.09 9.90 15.04 13.10 15.83 16.89 16.45 11.92

2011

 13.80 9.23 8.16 9.90 15.11 13.18 16.03 16.88 17.07 12.85

2012

 13.88 9.44 8.19 9.97 15.17 13.28 16.05 16.99 17.28 13.03

2013

 14.00 9.67 8.37 10.00 15.27 13.42 16.21 17.17 17.28 12.88

2014

 14.39 9.89 8.63 10.15 15.76 14.08 16.55 17.41 17.46 13.98

2015

 14.67 10.03 8.97 10.64 15.86 14.17 16.48 17.55 17.99 14.15

2016

 14.96 10.24 9.48 11.15 16.25 14.83 17.20 18.03 18.05 14.78

2017

 15.20 10.99 9.88 11.88 17.00 15.15 17.89 18.74 18.60 14.93

2018

 16.01 11.74 10.15 12.18 17.76 15.87 18.44 18.99 19.56 14.90

2019

 16.76 12.20 10.56 13.12 18.05 16.63 19.16 19.24 19.80 15.81

2020

 17.75 13.08 11.60 14.08 19.18 17.56 20.10 21.05 20.15 16.75

2021

 18.05 14.18 12.25 14.93 19.84 18.18 20.07 20.74 21.00 17.64

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2021 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year Total,
16 years
and
older		 White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979

 $4.44 $4.51 $4.11 - $4.08

1980

 4.82 4.88 4.44 - 4.44

1981

 5.15 5.18 4.90 - 4.81

1982

 5.40 5.47 5.06 - 5.01

1983

 5.59 5.66 5.15 - 5.09

1984

 5.83 5.90 5.36 - 5.27

1985

 6.03 6.10 5.50 - 5.47

1986

 6.20 6.28 5.80 - 5.65

1987

 6.47 6.56 5.99 - 5.82

1988

 6.73 6.81 6.15 - 5.95

1989

 6.99 7.08 6.43 - 6.07

1990

 7.23 7.33 6.81 - 6.28

1991

 7.50 7.61 7.00 - 6.46

1992

 7.72 7.82 7.06 - 6.65

1993

 7.87 7.97 7.18 - 6.83

1994

 8.01 8.11 7.29 - 6.93

1995

 8.17 8.32 7.66 - 7.00

1996

 8.40 8.57 7.76 - 7.17

1997

 8.75 8.88 8.01 - 7.39

1998

 9.10 9.22 8.39 - 7.92

1999

 9.53 9.74 8.85 - 8.07

2000

 9.91 9.96 9.34 $10.07 8.54

2001

 10.19 10.26 9.78 10.75 9.06

2002

 10.47 10.71 9.93 10.36 9.22

2003

 10.85 10.97 10.15 11.12 9.76

2004

 11.00 11.13 10.19 11.10 9.81

2005

 11.19 11.48 10.17 12.01 9.95

2006

 11.76 11.86 10.66 12.53 10.12

2007

 11.95 12.08 10.89 12.22 10.24

2008

 12.23 12.54 11.20 13.01 10.97

2009

 12.44 12.66 11.64 13.16 11.04

2010

 12.50 12.74 11.77 13.22 10.88

2011

 12.71 12.91 11.79 13.35 11.05

2012

 12.80 13.04 11.84 13.23 11.12

2013

 12.93 13.15 11.90 13.62 11.25

2014

 13.14 13.57 11.88 14.00 11.83

2015

 13.44 13.87 12.06 14.19 12.04

2016

 14.00 14.24 12.49 14.79 12.69

2017

 14.63 14.89 12.90 15.06 13.16

2018

 14.99 15.16 13.64 15.24 13.99

2019

 15.35 15.85 14.66 16.13 14.86

2020

 16.36 16.78 15.17 17.25 15.20

2021

 17.02 17.22 15.81 17.89 16.05

Women

1979

 $3.62 $3.62 $3.55 - $3.44

1980

 3.95 3.96 3.88 - 3.78

1981

 4.28 4.28 4.19 - 4.10

1982

 4.61 4.61 4.49 - 4.33

1983

 4.80 4.81 4.72 - 4.42

1984

 4.97 4.98 4.87 - 4.65

1985

 5.13 5.14 5.04 - 4.82

1986

 5.33 5.35 5.17 - 5.00

1987

 5.60 5.62 5.40 - 5.11

1988

 5.84 5.86 5.61 - 5.28

1989

 6.11 6.13 5.88 - 5.53

1990

 6.44 6.46 6.23 - 5.80

1991

 6.75 6.76 6.55 - 5.98

1992

 6.96 6.99 6.64 - 6.17

1993

 7.12 7.16 6.87 - 6.31

1994

 7.25 7.34 6.93 - 6.40

1995

 7.46 7.54 7.12 - 6.60

1996

 7.73 7.79 7.20 - 6.77

1997

 7.94 8.00 7.59 - 6.82

1998

 8.23 8.33 7.90 - 7.22

1999

 8.64 8.73 8.13 - 7.46

2000

 9.06 9.09 8.86 $9.77 7.89

2001

 9.64 9.73 9.15 10.07 8.28

2002

 9.89 9.94 9.45 10.10 8.54

2003

 10.08 10.11 9.91 10.68 8.88

2004

 10.17 10.21 9.93 10.57 9.04

2005

 10.31 10.50 9.93 11.64 9.18

2006

 10.65 10.77 10.11 11.95 9.50

2007

 10.98 11.06 10.45 11.83 9.80

2008

 11.49 11.70 10.78 12.25 10.07

2009

 11.76 11.83 11.01 12.67 10.09

2010

 11.83 11.88 11.20 12.41 10.11

2011

 11.98 12.05 11.28 12.80 10.25

2012

 11.99 12.08 11.23 12.75 10.21

2013

 12.12 12.21 11.54 13.04 10.49

2014

 12.18 12.38 11.57 13.23 10.72

2015

 12.56 12.82 11.70 13.80 11.08

2016

 13.01 13.20 12.09 14.07 11.79

2017

 13.56 13.87 12.55 14.23 12.09

2018

 14.06 14.27 13.02 14.95 12.80

2019

 14.85 14.93 14.00 15.29 13.74

2020

 15.22 15.31 14.95 16.56 14.68

2021

 16.02 16.11 15.22 16.84 15.15

Men

1979

 $5.65 $5.79 $4.89 - $4.79

1980

 6.10 6.23 5.18 - 5.03

1981

 6.57 6.71 5.81 - 5.37

1982

 6.85 6.98 5.97 - 5.73

1983

 6.92 7.07 5.96 - 5.81

1984

 7.12 7.26 6.16 - 6.04

1985

 7.33 7.58 6.15 - 6.07

1986

 7.59 7.78 6.57 - 6.19

1987

 7.77 7.93 6.74 - 6.37

1988

 7.91 8.06 6.94 - 6.51

1989

 8.10 8.28 7.07 - 6.66

1990

 8.27 8.55 7.37 - 6.74

1991

 8.59 8.82 7.57 - 6.88

1992

 8.67 8.89 7.62 - 6.99

1993

 8.86 9.07 7.67 - 7.12

1994

 9.00 9.21 7.92 - 7.17

1995

 9.23 9.62 8.16 - 7.26

1996

 9.52 9.79 8.18 - 7.62

1997

 9.83 9.96 8.67 - 7.90

1998

 10.06 10.18 9.09 - 8.24

1999

 10.31 10.61 9.77 - 8.61

2000

 10.81 10.95 9.98 $10.79 9.04

2001

 11.32 11.61 10.18 11.84 9.67

2002

 11.64 11.86 10.24 11.02 9.92

2003

 11.89 12.03 10.81 11.89 10.03

2004

 12.02 12.16 10.88 11.90 10.02

2005

 12.16 12.47 10.90 12.75 10.19

2006

 12.68 12.88 11.42 13.18 10.84

2007

 12.95 13.22 11.57 13.22 11.07

2008

 13.46 13.85 11.99 14.03 11.83

2009

 13.76 13.95 12.27 14.01 11.92

2010

 13.76 13.97 12.16 14.11 11.73

2011

 13.80 14.02 12.06 14.25 11.81

2012

 13.88 14.17 12.20 14.15 11.96

2013

 14.00 14.24 12.16 14.24 11.99

2014

 14.39 14.86 12.21 14.66 12.38

2015

 14.67 14.93 12.66 14.87 12.92

2016

 14.96 15.13 13.06 15.04 13.83

2017

 15.20 15.79 13.34 16.65 14.37

2018

 16.01 16.53 14.22 16.69 15.01

2019

 16.76 17.10 14.98 17.22 15.25

2020

 17.75 17.98 15.88 18.04 16.24

2021

 18.05 18.48 16.12 19.05 17.03

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Technical Notes

The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provide information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey data on earnings are based on one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are excluded from the data presented in this report.

The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can help explain earnings differences. This includes the direct comparisons of earnings levels among demographic groups and the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios (that is, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s) shown in the tables. For example, the overall ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings for full-time workers presented here is not controlled for differences in important determinants of earnings such as age, occupation, and educational attainment. The earnings comparisons in this report are not restricted to workers with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable jobs. Even controlling for one of the factors may not fully explain earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and men’s earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are not simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors such as age, job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization.

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Concepts and definitions

The principal concepts and definitions used in this report are described briefly below.

Wage and salary workers are people age 16 and older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payments-in-kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal job. This group includes employees in both the public and private sectors. All self-employed workers are excluded whether or not their businesses are incorporated.

Full-time workers are defined, for the purpose of these estimates, as those who usually work 35 hours or more per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.

Part-time workers are defined, for the purpose of these estimates, as those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.

Usual weekly earnings reflect earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Before 1994, survey respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.

Median earnings reflect the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of the workers having earnings above the median and the other half having earnings below the median. This applies to both usual weekly and hourly earnings estimates.

The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a multiple of $50. Similarly, for hourly earnings, medians are calculated based on earnings distributions using $0.50-wide intervals that are centered around multiples of $0.50. In both cases, the median is calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.

Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall median boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows:

  • There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 24-year-olds, and 25 years and older may rise. However, if the lower-earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total, the overall median could actually fall.

  • There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a median boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as $700 or $800. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked earnings distribution that shifts over time. As this distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians mitigate such irregular movements, however, users should be cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians.

Workers paid hourly rates are employed wage and salary workers who report that they are paid by the hour on their job. Typically, workers who are paid an hourly wage have made up approximately 60 percent of all wage and salary workers. Estimates of workers paid by the hour include both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise specified.

Hourly earnings data are for wage and salary workers who are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings from a person’s sole or principal job. Hourly earnings for hourly paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received.

Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage include only workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the federal minimum wage.

The estimates of workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage in this report are based solely on whether the hourly wage they report (which does not include overtime pay, tips, or commissions) is at or below the federal minimum wage. Some respondents might round hourly earnings when answering survey questions. As a result, some workers might report having hourly earnings above or below the federal minimum wage when, in fact, they earn the minimum wage.

Some workers who reported earnings below the prevailing federal minimum wage may not be covered by federal or state minimum wage laws because of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the presence of workers with hourly earnings below the federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or state statutes in cases where such standards apply. The CPS does not include questions on whether workers are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA or by individual state or local minimum wage laws.

The estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because there are data quality concerns associated with constructing such an estimate.

Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage from 1979 to the present is as follows, with the last change occurring in 2009.

Federal minimum wage

Effective date

$2.90

January 1, 1979

$3.10

January 1, 1980

$3.35

January 1, 1981

$3.80

April 1, 1990

$4.25

April 1, 1991

$4.75

October 1, 1996

$5.15

September 1, 1997

$5.85

July 24, 2007

$6.55

July 24, 2008

$7.25

July 24, 2009

When the minimum wage has increased during a given year, the annual average estimates of the number of minimum wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect the number of workers who earned the federal minimum wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of workers who earned the minimum wage of $5.85 for August to December.

Race is reported by the household survey respondent. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. People who identify as more than one race are tabulated separately in the category Two or More Races. Before 2003, people identified one group as their main race. For more information on the 2003 changes to questions on race, see “Revisions to the Current Population Survey Effective in January 2003.” Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of Two or More Races are included in totals but not separately identified in this report because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of acceptable reliability.

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity refers to people who identified themselves in the survey process as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. People who identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race and are included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown separately.

Married, spouse present refers to people in opposite-sex marriages or same-sex marriages living together in the same household, even though one spouse may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons.

Other marital status refers to people who never married; and those who are widowed; divorced; separated; married, spouse absent; as well as people in same-sex marriages. Separated includes people with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of obtaining a divorce, and other people permanently or temporarily separated because of marital discord. Married, spouse absent, includes married people living apart because either the husband or wife was employed and living at a considerable distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had a different place of residence for any other reason except those listed in the separated definition above.

Inflation-adjusted earnings shown in this report use the Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) to convert current dollars to constant, or inflation-adjusted, dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the histories of official CPI series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical series that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For further information, see the CPI research series webpage.

This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS available at the time of production. Users should note that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used in previous reports in this series or in other publications.

Reliability

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.645 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

Readers should be aware that, because of sampling error, apparent differences between estimates for two or more groups or categories may not be statistically significant, and therefore not meaningfully different from one another. Standard errors are shown with many of the median earnings estimates in this report to help readers evaluate differences in earnings estimates.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Further information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available on the CPS Technical Documentation page of the BLS website.